1
|
Khalid HB, Rasul A, Shah S, Abbas G, Mahmood A. Disulfide Bridged Nanoparticles of Thiolated Sodium Alginate and Eudragit RS100 for Oral Delivery of Paclitaxel: In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:9662-9672. [PMID: 36936332 PMCID: PMC10018692 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c00400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Most biopharmaceutics classification system (BCS) class IV drugs have limited oral bioavailability due to poor solubility and poorer permeability. This work aims to investigate the possibility of utilizing disulfide bridged nanoparticles to improve BCS IV drug solubility and oral absorption. Disulfide bridged nanoparticles were made using thiolated sodium alginate (TSA) and thiolated eudragit RS100 (TERS100). This study used paclitaxel (PTL) as a model drug to create PTL-loaded nanoparticles using the air oxidation approach. PTL-loaded nanoparticles boosted the solubility of PTL by over 11 times (∼59 μg/mL). The nanoparticles had particle sizes of 103 nm, polydispersity indices of 0.034, and zeta potentials of -21 mV, respectively. Nanoparticles demonstrated 75.34% and 89.18% entrapment and loading efficiency of PTL, respectively. The PTL release data from nanoparticles had good sustained release properties. The effective permeability of PTL from nanoparticles was 2.19-fold higher than that of pure PTL suspension. The relative bioavailability of PTL with disulfide bridged nanoparticles was 237.11%, which was much higher than that of PTL suspension, according to the pharmacokinetic data. These results show that disulfide bridged nanoparticles have a wide range of clinical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hafiz
Muhammad Bilal Khalid
- Department
of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
| | - Akhtar Rasul
- Department
of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
| | - Shahid Shah
- Department
of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
| | - Ghulam Abbas
- Department
of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
| | - Abid Mahmood
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Dobler D, Gerber M, Schmidts TM, Runkel F, Schlupp P. Comparative Ungual Drug Uptake Studies: Equine Hoof Membrane vs. Human Nail Plate. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14122552. [PMID: 36559046 PMCID: PMC9781965 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14122552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Human nail diseases, mostly caused by fungal infections, are common and difficult to treat. The development and testing of new drugs and drug delivery systems for the treatment of nail diseases is often limited by the lack of human nail material for permeation studies. Animal material is frequently used, but there are only few comparative data on the human nail plate, and there is neither a standardized test design nor a nail bed analogue to study drug uptake into the nail. In this study, a new permeation device was developed for permeation studies, and the permeation behavior of three model substances on the human nail plate and a model membrane from the horse hoof was investigated. A linear correlation was found between drug uptake by the human nail plate and the uptake by the equine hoof. The developed and established permeation device is suitable for investigations of ungual drug transport and enables the use of different membrane diameters and the use of a gel-based nail bed analog. The hydrogel-based acceptor medium used ensures adequate stabilization and hydration of the nail membrane.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Dobler
- Technische Hochschule Mittelhessen, Institute of Bioprocess Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology, 35390 Giessen, Germany
- Correspondence: (D.D.); (P.S.)
| | - Mona Gerber
- Technische Hochschule Mittelhessen, Institute of Bioprocess Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology, 35390 Giessen, Germany
| | - Thomas M. Schmidts
- Technische Hochschule Mittelhessen, Institute of Bioprocess Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology, 35390 Giessen, Germany
| | - Frank Runkel
- Technische Hochschule Mittelhessen, Institute of Bioprocess Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology, 35390 Giessen, Germany
- Faculty of Biology and Chemistry, Justus Liebig University, Ludwigstraße 23, 35390 Giessen, Germany
- Institute of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Philipps University, Robert-Koch-Straße 4, 35037 Marburg, Germany
| | - Peggy Schlupp
- Technische Hochschule Mittelhessen, Institute of Bioprocess Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology, 35390 Giessen, Germany
- Correspondence: (D.D.); (P.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Antifungal Nail Lacquer for Enhanced Transungual Delivery of Econazole Nitrate. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14102204. [PMID: 36297639 PMCID: PMC9607990 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14102204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The fungal disease of the nail, onychomycosis, which is also the most prevalent nail disturbance, demands effective topical treatment options considering the possible adverse effects of systemic antifungal therapy. The current work is focused on development of an adhesive and resistant, drug-delivering and permeation-enhancing polymeric film containing econazole nitrate (ECN) for topical antifungal treatment. The development of the lacquer formulation was guided by the Quality by Design approach to achieve the critical quality attributes needed to obtain the product of desired quality. Eudragit RSPO at 10% w/w was found to be the ideal adhesive polymer for the application and an optimal permeation-enhancing lacquer formulation was achieved by the optimization of other formulation excipients, such as plasticizer and the solvent system. Additionally, novel experimental enhancements introduced to the research included refined D50 drying time and drying rate tests for lacquer characterization as well as a multi-mechanism permeation-enhancing pre-treatment. Moreover, a practical implication was provided by a handwashing simulation designed to test the performance of the lacquer during actual use. In vitro drug release testing and ex vivo nail permeation testing demonstrated that the optimized nail lacquer performed better than control lacquer lacking the permeation enhancer by achieving a faster and sustained delivery of ECN. It can be concluded that this is a promising drug delivery system for topical antifungal treatment of onychomycotic nails, and the novel characterization techniques may be adapted for similar formulations in the future.
Collapse
|
4
|
Dehari D, Mehata AK, Priya V, Parbat D, Kumar D, Srivastava AK, Singh S, Agrawal AK. Luliconazole Nail Lacquer for the Treatment of Onychomycosis: Formulation, Characterization and In Vitro and Ex Vivo Evaluation. AAPS PharmSciTech 2022; 23:175. [PMID: 35750993 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-022-02324-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Onychomycosis is the most common fungal infection of the nail affecting the skin under the fingertips and the toes. Currently, available therapy for onychomycosis includes oral and topical therapies, either alone or in combination. Oral antifungal medication has been associated with poor drug bioavailability and potential gastrointestinal and systemic side effects. The objective of this study was to prepare and evaluate the luliconazole nail lacquer (LCZ-NL) for the effective treatment of onychomycosis. In the current work, LCZ-NL was formulated in combination with penetration enhancers to overcome poor penetration. A 32 full factorial formulation design of experiment (DOE) was applied for optimization of batches with consideration of dependent (drying time, viscosity, and rate of drug diffusion) and independent (solvent ratio and film former ratio) variables. The optimized formulation was selected based on drying time, viscosity, and rate of drug diffusion. The optimized formulation was further evaluated for % non-volatile content assay, smoothness of flow, water resistance, drug content, scanning electron microscope (SEM), atomic force microscope (AFM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), in vitro drug release, ex vivo transungual permeation, antifungal efficacy, and stability study. The optimized LCZ-NL contained 70:30 solvent ratio and 1:1 film former ratio and was found to have ~ 1.79-fold higher rate of drug diffusion in comparison with LULY™. DSC and XRD studies confirmed that luliconazole retains its crystalline property in the prepared formulation. Antifungal study against Trichophyton spp. showed that LCZ-NL has comparatively higher growth inhibition than LULY™. Hence, developed LCZ-NL can be a promising topical drug delivery system for treating onychomycosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deepa Dehari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Abhishesh Kumar Mehata
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Vishnu Priya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Dharmnath Parbat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Deepak Kumar
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Medical Sciences (BHU), Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Anand Kumar Srivastava
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, 221005, India.
| | - Sanjay Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, 221005, India.,Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226025, India
| | - Ashish Kumar Agrawal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, 221005, India.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
In Silico Drug Screening Based Development of Novel Formulations for Onychomycosis Management. Gels 2021; 7:gels7040221. [PMID: 34842710 PMCID: PMC8628710 DOI: 10.3390/gels7040221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Onychomycosis is a prominent fungal infection that causes discoloration, thickening, and mutilation leading to the separation of the nail from the nail bed. Treatment modalities for onychomycosis may include oral, topical, or combination therapy with antifungals and at times may require chemical or surgical intervention. The burden of side effects of antifungals is enormous, and therefore using molecular docking-based drug selection in context with the target keratin protein would ensure better disease management. Ciclopirox, Amorolfine HCl, Efinaconazole, Tioconazole, and Tavaborole were submitted for assessment, revealing that Amorolfine HCl is the best fit. Consequently, two formulations (Nail lacquer and nanoemulgel) were developed from Amorolfine HCl to validate the in silico screening outcomes. The formulations were further fortified with over-the-counter ingredients vis-a-vis with vitamin E in nail lacquer and undecylenic acid in nanoemulgel for their prominent roles in improving nail health. Both the formulations were systematically designed, optimized, and characterized. Amorolfine HCl containing nanoemulgel (NEG) was developed using undecylenic acid as an oil phase and thioglycolic acid as a penetration enhancer. The quality parameters evaluated were particle size, the zeta potential for nanoemulsion (NE) (78.04 ± 4.724 nm and −0.7mV, respectively), in vitro cumulative drug release (96.74% for NE and 88.54% for NEG), and transungual permeation (about 73.49% for NEG and 54.81% for NE). Nail lacquer was evaluated for the drying time, non-volatile content, and blush test. In vitro cumulative drug release of the developed nail lacquer and comparator marketed formulations were around 81.5% and 75%, respectively. Similarly, the transungual drug permeation was 6.32 μg/cm2 and 5.89 μg/cm2, respectively, in 24 h. The in silico guided preparation of both formulations containing Amorolfine HCl and over the counter ingredients is amenable for therapeutic use against onychomycosis and will be evaluated in the in vivo model.
Collapse
|
6
|
The Penetrance of Topical Nail Therapy: Limitations and Current Enhancements. Clin Podiatr Med Surg 2021; 38:535-540. [PMID: 34538431 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpm.2021.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The chemical composition and thickness of nails are obstacles for treatments of various nail diseases, such as onychomycosis. Topical medications are currently the preferred method of treatment because of reduced adverse systemic effects. However, penetration of the product from the nail plate into the nail bed continues to be an issue because of factors such as distance required to reach the target area, chemical barriers, and drug inactivation upon keratin binding. Beyond developing novel drugs, some studies have investigated mechanical and chemical methods to optimize drug delivery. The issue of nail diseases is still a challenge and requires multifactorial treatments.
Collapse
|
7
|
Rahman A, Aqil M, Ahad A, Imam SS, Qadir A, Ali A. Application of central composite design for the optimization of itraconazole loaded nail lacquer formulation. 3 Biotech 2021; 11:324. [PMID: 34194908 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-021-02862-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Onychomycosis is a common fungal infection of the nails that mostly affects the elderly and athletes. Antifungal drug-like itraconazole is one of the therapeutic agents of choice for the topical treatment of onychomycosis. The current work aimed for the preparation and optimization of itraconazole-loaded nail lacquer formulation. Central composite design was employed; independent variables were polymer concentration (X1) and thioglycolic acid (TGA) concentration (X2). While the dependent variables were cumulative amount of drug permeated per unit area (CADP/A, Y1), drying time (Y2) and nonvolatile content (Y3). The optimized formulation was characterized for various parameters including ex-vivo permeation study, confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and antifungal study. The optimized nail lacquer formulation (F7) exhibited CADP/A of 198.23 µg/cm2, drying time of 185 s and nonvolatile content of 97.23%. The scanning electron microscopy of goat hoof treated with optimized nail lacquer formulation demonstrated loosening of the structure and marked increase in surface roughness. The CLSM micrograph of goat hoof treated with optimized nail lacquer formulation demonstrated that the probe dye was eventually distributed and penetrated through the hoof. Bio-adhesiveness analysis showed that the prepared nail lacquer film has ample adhesiveness to be maintained on the nail plate surface for a sufficient time. In antifungal study, the optimized nail lacquer, and marketed gel exhibited a zone inhibition of 21 mm, and 10 mm against Candida albicans, respectively. The stability study showed that the optimized nail lacquer is stable at storage condition. The prepared nail lacquers have been shown to serve as a useful dosage form for the delivery of itraconazole across nail plate for controlling the problems associated with onychomycosis.
Collapse
|
8
|
Souza AMS, Ribeiro RCA, Pinheiro GKLO, Pinheiro FI, Oliveira WN, Souza LBFC, Silva AL, Amaral-Machado L, Alencar ÉN, Chaves GM, Egito EST. Polishing the Therapy of Onychomycosis Induced by Candida spp.: Amphotericin B-Loaded Nail Lacquer. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13060784. [PMID: 34073997 PMCID: PMC8225016 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13060784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Onychomycosis induced by Candida spp. has several limitations regarding its treatment. Nail lacquers display the potential to overcome these drawbacks by providing therapeutic compliance and increasing local drug bioavailability. Thus, this work aimed to produce a nail lacquer loaded with Amphotericin B (AmB) and evaluate its performance. The AmB-loaded nail lacquer was produced and preliminarily characterized. An AmB quantification method was developed. Stability, drug release, permeability and anti-Candida activity assays were conducted. The analytical method validation met the acceptance criteria. The drug loading efficiency was 100% (0.02 mg/g of total product), whereas the AmB stability was limited to ≅7 days (≅90% remaining). The nail lacquer displayed a drying time of 187 s, non-volatile content of around 20%w/w, water-resistance of approximately 2%w/w of weight loss and satisfactory in vitro adhesion. Moreover, the in vitro antifungal activity against different Candida spp. strains was confirmed. The AmB release and the ex vivo permeability studies revealed that AmB leaves the lacquer and permeates the nail matrix in 47.76 ± 0.07% over 24 h. In conclusion, AmB-loaded nail lacquer shows itself as a promising extemporaneous dosage form with remarkable anti-Candida activity related to onychomycosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aleph M. S. Souza
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal 59012-570, Brazil; (A.M.S.S.); (L.B.F.C.S.); (G.M.C.)
| | - Renato C. A. Ribeiro
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal 59012-570, Brazil; (R.C.A.R.); (W.N.O.); (L.A.-M.)
| | - Gleyse K. L. O. Pinheiro
- Graduate Program in Biotechnology, School of Health, Potiguar University (UnP)–Laureate International Universities, Natal 59056-000, Brazil; (G.K.L.O.P.); (F.I.P.)
| | - Francisco I. Pinheiro
- Graduate Program in Biotechnology, School of Health, Potiguar University (UnP)–Laureate International Universities, Natal 59056-000, Brazil; (G.K.L.O.P.); (F.I.P.)
| | - Wógenes N. Oliveira
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal 59012-570, Brazil; (R.C.A.R.); (W.N.O.); (L.A.-M.)
| | - Luanda B. F. C. Souza
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal 59012-570, Brazil; (A.M.S.S.); (L.B.F.C.S.); (G.M.C.)
| | - André L. Silva
- Center for Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of Western Bahia (UFOB), Barreiras 47800-000, Brazil;
| | - Lucas Amaral-Machado
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal 59012-570, Brazil; (R.C.A.R.); (W.N.O.); (L.A.-M.)
| | - Éverton N. Alencar
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal 59012-570, Brazil;
| | - Guilherme M. Chaves
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal 59012-570, Brazil; (A.M.S.S.); (L.B.F.C.S.); (G.M.C.)
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal 59012-570, Brazil; (R.C.A.R.); (W.N.O.); (L.A.-M.)
| | - Eryvaldo S. T. Egito
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal 59012-570, Brazil; (A.M.S.S.); (L.B.F.C.S.); (G.M.C.)
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal 59012-570, Brazil; (R.C.A.R.); (W.N.O.); (L.A.-M.)
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal 59012-570, Brazil;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-(84)-3342–9817
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Sawarkar SP, Yadav V. Novel drug delivery strategies and gene therapy regimen as a promising perspective for management of psoriasis. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol 2021; 87:333-340. [PMID: 33943062 DOI: 10.25259/ijdvl_470_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Psoriasis is an autoimmune disorder; however, an exact underlying mechanism responsible for psoriasis is yet not known. A hypothesis put forward is an abnormal proliferation of keratinocytes due to faulty signals brought about by T-cells. Due to the lack of evidence of the exact cause, a variety of treatments have been used of which topical therapy is usually the first option in most patients. Topical therapy has several shortcomings and barriers of drug delivary which may be effectively overcome using novel drug carrier systems which exhibit maximum penetration, controlled release, reduced irritancy and, overall, a better efficacy. Thus, novel treatment strategies based on gene therapy such as antisensing nucleotide, silencing RNA complex, stem cell therapy and antibody-based therapy are being envisaged. This review article discusses the concepts and background of current novel delivery systems and gene therapy tools for effective management of psoriasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sujata Pralhad Sawarkar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati Collegeof Pharmacy, University of Mumbai, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Vijay Yadav
- Department of Pharmaceutics, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati Collegeof Pharmacy, University of Mumbai, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Krawczyk-Santos AP, da Rocha PBR, Kloppel LL, Souza BDS, Anjos JLV, Alonso A, de Faria DLA, Gil OM, Gratieri T, Marreto RN, Taveira SF. Enhanced nail delivery of voriconazole-loaded nanomicelles by thioglycolic acid pretreatment: A study of protein dynamics and disulfide bond rupture. Int J Pharm 2021; 602:120597. [PMID: 33862134 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
This work aimed to select an effective penetration enhancer (PE) for nail pretreatment, develop voriconazole (VOR)-loaded nanomicelles, and evaluate their ability to deliver VOR to the nail. A complete analysis of nail protein dynamics, bond rupture, and microstructure was performed. Alternative methods as electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and the Ellman's reagent (DTNB) assay were also evaluated. Nanomicelles were produced and characterized. The PE hydrated the hooves, following the order: urea ≈ cysteine ≈ glycolic acid < thioglycolic acid (TGA) < NaOH. SEM images and methylene blue assay showed enlarged pores and roughness of porcine hooves after incubation with NaOH and TGA. EPR was demonstrated to be the most sensitive technique. DTNB assay quantified higher thiol groups for samples treated with TGA (p < 0.05). A stratigraphic analysis with Raman spectroscopy demonstrated that hooves treated with TGA presented a higher SH/SS ratio at the edges, affecting protein secondary structure. In vitro permeation studies demonstrated significant VOR permeation (29.44 ± 6.13 µg/cm2), 10-fold higher than previous studies with lipid nanoparticles. After TGA pretreatment, VOR permeation was further enhanced (3-fold). TGA pretreatment followed by VOR-loaded nanomicelles demonstrates a promising approach for onychomycosis treatment. The novel methods for protein analysis were straightforward and helpful.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Paula Krawczyk-Santos
- Laboratory of Nanosystems and Drug Delivery Devices (NanoSYS), School of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Rua 240, esq. com 5ª Avenida, Setor Leste Universitário, 74605-170 Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Priscila B R da Rocha
- Laboratory of Nanosystems and Drug Delivery Devices (NanoSYS), School of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Rua 240, esq. com 5ª Avenida, Setor Leste Universitário, 74605-170 Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Leandro L Kloppel
- Laboratory of Nanosystems and Drug Delivery Devices (NanoSYS), School of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Rua 240, esq. com 5ª Avenida, Setor Leste Universitário, 74605-170 Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Bruno Dos S Souza
- Laboratory of Nanosystems and Drug Delivery Devices (NanoSYS), School of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Rua 240, esq. com 5ª Avenida, Setor Leste Universitário, 74605-170 Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Jorge Luiz V Anjos
- Physics Department, Universidade Federal de Catalão (UFCAT), Catalão, GO, Brazil
| | - Antonio Alonso
- Biophysics Department, Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Dalva Lúcia A de Faria
- Laboratory of Molecular Spectroscopy, Institute of Chemistry, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 748, Butantã, 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Otávio M Gil
- Laboratory of Molecular Spectroscopy, Institute of Chemistry, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 748, Butantã, 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Tais Gratieri
- Laboratory of Food, Drugs and Cosmetics (LTMAC), School of Health Sciences, Universidade de Brasilia (UnB), Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Asa Norte, 70, 910-900 Brasília - DF, Brazil
| | - Ricardo N Marreto
- Laboratory of Nanosystems and Drug Delivery Devices (NanoSYS), School of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Rua 240, esq. com 5ª Avenida, Setor Leste Universitário, 74605-170 Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Stephania Fleury Taveira
- Laboratory of Nanosystems and Drug Delivery Devices (NanoSYS), School of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Rua 240, esq. com 5ª Avenida, Setor Leste Universitário, 74605-170 Goiânia, GO, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Oliveira MH, Pinto FCM, Ferraz-Carvalho RS, Albuquerque AV, Aguiar JL. BIO-NAIL: a bacterial cellulose dressing as a new alternative to preserve the nail bed after avulsion. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2020; 31:121. [PMID: 33247774 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-020-06456-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Avulsion of the nail plate is the most accomplished surgical procedure among the nail apparatus surgeries. Since it is not possible to use the removed nail to cover the nail bed, some materials have been suggested, however, they are generally not available for use and often at a high cost. To evaluate the use of Bacterial Cellulose (BC) dressing as a biological nail (Bio-Nail) after partial or total avulsion of the nail plate. Twenty-six candidates for nail avulsion, were randomized into two groups: Control, using Vaseline with gauze (11 patients) and Experimental group, BC group, using the Bio-Nail (15 patients). The patients were followed up during the 180-day period. The distribution of the patients in the groups was homogeneous for both sociodemographic and clinical data. The occurrence of infection (1 case in the control group) was not statistically relevant. The BC group had lower pain intensity (p = 0.011) with earlier temporal resolution when compared to the control group (p = 0.003). The BC group presented earlier reepithelization (p = 0.022) and better quantitative (p = 0.021) and qualitative conditions (p = 0.011) for the exudate. Regarding satisfaction, all the patients were satisfied. Good preservation of the nail plate area was observed in the BC group at the end of the 180-day period (p = 0.024). Average time of BC dressing permanence was 16.4 ± 7.1 days. BC showed to be appropriate as a dressing after partial or total avulsion of the nail plate. BC is a Bio-Nail promising for nail bed healing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M H Oliveira
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital das Clínicas, Department of Surgery, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Pernambuco, UFPE, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - F C M Pinto
- Post-Graduation Program in Surgery, Department of Surgery, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Pernambuco, UFPE, Pernambuco, Brazil.
| | - R S Ferraz-Carvalho
- Post-Graduation Program in Surgery, Department of Surgery, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Pernambuco, UFPE, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - A V Albuquerque
- Post-Graduation Program in Surgery, Department of Surgery, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Pernambuco, UFPE, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - J L Aguiar
- Post-Graduation Program in Surgery, Department of Surgery, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Pernambuco, UFPE, Pernambuco, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Yang F, Yu X, Shao W, Guo P, Cao S, Wang M, Wang Y, Wu C, Xu Y. Co-delivery of terbinafine hydrochloride and urea with an in situ film-forming system for nail targeting treatment. Int J Pharm 2020; 585:119497. [PMID: 32504773 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Onychomycosis is a chronic nail disorder consisting of a fungal infection that causes physical and psychosocial discomfort to patients. However, its treatment remains challenging owing to the barrier of the highly keratinized nail plate and the short time that conventional formulations reside on nails. In this work, we developed an in situ film-forming system(IFFS) based on Eudragit® RLPO to co-deliver terbinafine hydrochloride (TBH) and urea, i.e., TBH-urea-RLPO IFFS, with the aim of overcoming the nail barrier, prolonging the residence time, and efficiently treating onychomycosis. The IFFS formulation formed a thin film with good appearance and adhesion upon application in situ. The physical states of TBH and urea in the film were evaluated with polarization microscopy and powder X-ray diffraction. TBH and urea were both amorphousmiscible components within the RLPO film. TBH release from TBH-urea-RLPO IFFS fitted to the Korsmeyer-Pappas model, and the cumulative release at 72 h was significantly higher than that from commercial preparations (Lamisil Pedisan® once). In vitro permeation of TBH from TBH-urea-RLPO IFFS through bovine hoof membranes was evaluated in comparison with the film containing TBH alone (TBH-RLPO) and commercial preparations. The retention and cumulative permeated amount of TBH were significantly enhanced for the TBH-urea-RLPO IFFS (170.80 ± 44.63 μg/cm2vs 75.49 ± 21.50 μg/cm2vs 60.25 ± 27.38 μg/cm2; 61.81 ± 16.09 μg/cm2vs 21.80 ± 11.56 μg/cm2vs 7.91 ± 1.03 μg/cm2, respectively), and the membranes treated with different formulations were observed with SEM and FTIR to identify the denaturing effect of urea on bovine hoof keratin. In vitro antifungal tests against Trichophyton rubrum,Microsporum canis, Fusarium, and Aspergillus fumigatus were cultured on Muller-Hinton agar; the findings indicated that TBH-urea-RLPO IFFS enhanced TBH antifungal activity. Overall, the results support that TBH-urea-RLPO IFFS is an efficient and promising approach for onychomycosis targeting treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fengdie Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiuming Yu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Weiyan Shao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Penghao Guo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Sisi Cao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Meng Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yixuan Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Chuanbin Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yuehong Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Thatai P, Khan AB. Management of nail psoriasis by topical drug delivery: a pharmaceutical perspective. Int J Dermatol 2020; 59:915-925. [PMID: 32239692 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.14840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 12/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The management of nail psoriasis is an arduous task owing to the disease manifestations and anatomical structure of the nail plate. Although various treatment therapies are available for nail psoriasis, topical therapy is contemplated as one of the most favorable options as systemic therapies are accompanied by numerous side effects that result in patient incompliance. The topical formulations including creams, gels, ointments, and nail lacquers have been used as delivery systems for various antipsoriatic drugs. Among these, nail lacquers emerge to be promising and patient friendly formulations. However, the major defiance with topical delivery is inefficacious penetration of drug through impenetrable keratinized nail plate to reach the target sites: nail matrix and nail bed. Therefore, in order to obtain effectual drug delivery systems that can retain/remain on the nail plate for a prolonged period of time and deliver the drug across it, systematic approaches like quality by design (QbD) need to be followed so that the desired quality can be "built in" the system rather than to rely solely on retrograde evaluation. Furthermore, more advances in research are still required to develop a validated animal model so as to determine the efficacy of the formulation and to establish a mathematical model that can help in predicting the desirable attributes of the formulation and permeation of various molecules through the nail plate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Purva Thatai
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Krupanidhi College of Pharmacy, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Arshad B Khan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Krupanidhi College of Pharmacy, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Vikas A, Rashmin P, Mrunali P, Chavan RB, Kaushik T. Mechanistic Insights of Formulation Approaches for the Treatment of Nail Infection: Conventional and Novel Drug Delivery Approaches. AAPS PharmSciTech 2020; 21:67. [PMID: 31938980 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-019-1591-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Onychomycosis is a chronic disorder that is difficult to manage and hard to eradicate with perilous trends to relapse. Due to increased prevalence of HIV, use of immunosuppressant drugs and lifestyle-related factors, population affected with fungal infection of nail (Onychomycosis) happens to increase extensively in last two decades. Modalities available for the treatment of onychomycosis include systemically administered antifungals, mechanical procedures, and topical drug therapy. But the efficacy of the most of approaches to deliver drug at targeted site, i.e., deep-seated infected nail bed is limited due to compact and highly keratinized nail structure. A series of advanced formulation approaches, such as transfersomes, liposomes, nano/micro emulsion, nail lacquers etc., have been attempted to improve the drug penetration into nail plate more efficiently. The manuscript reviews these formulation approaches with their possible mechanisms by which they improve the drug penetration.Comparative analysis of available treatment modalities for onychomycosis has been provided with pros and cons of each alternatives. Additionally, ongoing research about the application of biological materials such as modified cationic antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), plant-derived proteins, and synthetic antimicrobial peptidomimetics have also been explored.
Collapse
|
15
|
Dhamoon RK, Goyal RK, Popli H, Gupta M. Luliconazole-Loaded Thermosensitive Hydrogel as Aqueous based Nail Lacquer for the Treatment of Onychomycosis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/2210303109666190520081552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Onychomycosis is a nail fungal infection which accounts for 50% of the nail
diseases and is characterized by disfigurement and discoloration of nails. The current therapy includes
oral and topical formulations both of which come with their own drawbacks. This has left a room for
developing patient- compliant novel strategies which can facilitate drug delivery deeper into the nails
effectively.
Objective:
The main objective of the present work was to develop and evaluate in situ gelling thermosensitive
hydrogel as an aqueous nail lacquer for the treatment of onychomycosis. The idea was to
enhance permeation of Luliconazole into the nail while simultaneously solubilizing it in a hydrophilic
formulation.
Methods:
The sample of Luliconazole was authenticated using modern analytical techniques. The hydrogel-
nail lacquer was prepared using poloxamer Pluronic F127. The formulation was evaluated in
terms of drying time, viscosity, non- volatile content, pH, transition temperature, etc. In vitro study was
done to check the drug release while determining release kinetics. In vitro transungual permeation study
was done to check drug permeation through porcine hoof membrane. Stability studies were conducted
to ensure formulation stability.
Results:
The results confirmed a stable formulation with enhanced permeation through porcine hoof
membrane.
Conclusion:
The results support the potential use of in situ gelling thermo-sensitive hydrogels as a
novel transungual formulation in the treatment of onychomycosis with a slight improvement in water
resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rupinder K. Dhamoon
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, Pushp vihar, Sector-3, M.B Road, New Delhi -110017, India
| | - Ramesh K. Goyal
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, Pushp vihar, Sector-3, M.B Road, New Delhi -110017, India
| | - Harvinder Popli
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, Pushp vihar, Sector-3, M.B Road, New Delhi -110017, India
| | - Madhu Gupta
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, Pushp vihar, Sector-3, M.B Road, New Delhi -110017, India
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Wasilewska K, Winnicka K. Ethylcellulose-A Pharmaceutical Excipient with Multidirectional Application in Drug Dosage Forms Development. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 12:E3386. [PMID: 31627271 PMCID: PMC6829386 DOI: 10.3390/ma12203386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Polymers constitute the most important group of excipients utilized in modern pharmaceutical technology, playing an essential role in the development of drug dosage forms. Synthetic, semisynthetic, and natural polymeric materials offer opportunities to overcome different formulative challenges and to design novel dosage forms for controlled release or for site-specific drug delivery. They are extensively used to design therapeutic systems, modify drug release, or mask unpleasant drug taste. Cellulose derivatives are characterized by different physicochemical properties, such as swellability, viscosity, biodegradability, pH dependency, or mucoadhesion, which determine their use in industry. One cellulose derivative with widespread application is ethylcellulose. Ethylcellulose is used in pharmaceutical technology as a coating agent, flavoring fixative, binder, filler, film-former, drug carrier, or stabilizer. The aim of this article is to provide a broad overview of ethylcellulose utilization for pharmaceutical purposes, with particular emphasis on its multidirectional role in the development of oral and topical drug dosage forms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Wasilewska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2c, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Winnicka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2c, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Adeleke OA. Premium ethylcellulose polymer based architectures at work in drug delivery. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICS-X 2019; 1:100023. [PMID: 31517288 PMCID: PMC6733301 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpx.2019.100023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Premium ethylcellulose polymers are hydrophobic cellulose ether based biomaterials widely employed as biocompatible templates for the design of novel drug delivery systems. They are classified as United States Food and Drug Administration Generally-Recognized-As-Safe chemical substances and have been extensively utilized within the biomedical and pharmaceutical industries for over half a century. They have so far demonstrated the potential to modulate and improve the physiological performance of bioactives leading to the desired enhanced prophylactic and therapeutic outcomes. This review therefore presents a scholarly survey of inter-disciplinary developments focused on the functionalities of ethylcellulose polymers as biomaterials useful for the design of smart delivery architectures for relevant pharmacotherapeutic biomedical applications. Emphasis was placed on evaluating scientific resources related to recent advancements and future directions associated with its applications as delivery systems for drugs and biologics within the past decade thus complementing other specialized reviews showcasing the theme.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oluwatoyin A Adeleke
- Immunobiology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.,Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria 0208, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Terbinafine hydrochloride nail lacquer for the management of onychomycosis: formulation, characterization and in vitro evaluation. Ther Deliv 2019; 9:99-119. [PMID: 29325509 DOI: 10.4155/tde-2017-0069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM The present investigation's intention was to develop an optimized nail lacquer (NL) for the management of onychomycosis. MATERIALS & METHODS The NL was optimized statistically adopting 32 full factorial design having different polymer ratios and solvent ratios. The formulations were assessed for drug permeation drying time and peak adhesive strength of the film. Characterization was done using techniques including attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), x-ray diffraction (XRD), etc. RESULTS & CONCLUSION The formulation that had 1:1 polymer ratio and 80:20 solvent ratio was chosen as the optimized formulation. In vitro permeation studies showed better penetration (∼3.25-fold) as well as retention (∼11-fold) of the optimized NL formulation in the animal hoof as compared with the commercial formulation. The findings of in vitro and ex vivo studies elucidated the potential of the optimized formulation. [Formula: see text].
Collapse
|
19
|
El-sherif NI, Shamma RN, Abdelbary G. In-situ gels and nail lacquers as potential delivery systems for treatment of onychomycosis. A comparative study. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2017.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
|
20
|
Abstract
Nail psoriasis is often found in patients with plaque psoriasis and can greatly impact quality of life. This is particularly true in more severe cases, as it affects the structure and function of the patient's nail. Treatment for nail psoriasis is often challenging, involving topical medications, injections, and systematic therapies. This article aims to give an overview of the varied clinical presentations of nail psoriasis and the current treatments available for patients with this condition. Risks and efficacies of these treatments will be evaluated to determine the best treatment protocols.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Morgan Rabach
- Mount Sinai Department of Dermatology, New York, New York
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Voriconazole-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) for drug delivery in deeper regions of the nail plate. Int J Pharm 2017; 531:292-298. [PMID: 28859937 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.08.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Voriconazole-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers (VOR-NLC) were developed and drug penetration evaluated in porcine hooves in vitro. Synergistic effect of urea (Ur), selected among other known chemical enhancers according to hoof hydration potential, was also evaluated. VOR-NLC presented a high encapsulation efficiency (74.52±2.13%), approximate mean diameter of 230nm and were positively charged (+27.32±2.74mV). Stability studies indicated they were stable under refrigeration (4±2°C) for up to 150days. SEM images revealed hooves treated with VOR-NLC and VOR-NLC-Ur suffered a disturbance on the surface depicting high roughness and porosity. Permeation data showed a substantial VOR amount retained in superficial hooves sections independent of the formulation used (2.42±0.26; 2.52±0.36 and 2.41±0.60μg/cm2 for unloaded VOR, VOR-NLC and VOR-NLC-Ur, respectively, p>0.05). Still, successive extractions, revealed the amount of VOR retained in deeper regions was significantly higher when VOR-NLC or VOR-NLC-Ur was used (0.17±0.04, 0.47±0.14 and 0.36±0.07μg/cm2 for unloaded VOR, VOR-NLC and VOR-NLC-Ur, respectively, p<0.05). Such results indicate NLC are promising formulations for the management of onychomycosis. Further studies in diseased nail plates are necessary.
Collapse
|
22
|
Elsherif NI, Shamma RN, Abdelbary G. Terbinafine Hydrochloride Trans-ungual Delivery via Nanovesicular Systems: In Vitro Characterization and Ex Vivo Evaluation. AAPS PharmSciTech 2017; 18:551-562. [PMID: 27138036 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-016-0528-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Treating a nail infection like onychomycosis is challenging as the human nail plate acts as a formidable barrier against all drug permeation. Available oral and topical treatments have several setbacks. Terbinafine hydrochloride (TBH), belonging to the allylamine class, is mainly used for treatment of onychomycosis. This study aims to formulate TBH in a nanobased spanlastic vesicular carrier that enables and enhances the drug delivery through the nail. The nanovesicles were formulated by ethanol injection method, using either Span® 60 or Span® 65, together with Tween 80 or sodium deoxycholate as an edge activator. A full factorial design was implemented to study the effect of different formulation and process variables on the prepared TBH-loaded spanlastic nanovesicles. TBH entrapment efficiency percentages, particle size diameter, percentage drug released after 2 h and 8 h were selected as dependent variables. Optimization was performed using Design-Expert® software to obtain an optimized formulation with high entrapment efficiency (62.35 ± 8.91%), average particle size of 438.45 ± 70.5 nm, and 29.57 ± 0.93 and 59.53 ± 1.73% TBH released after 2 and 8 h, respectively. The optimized formula was evaluated using differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffraction and was also morphologically examined using transmission electron microscopy. An ex vivo study was conducted to determine the permeation and retainment of the optimized formulation in a human cadaver nail plate, and confocal laser scanning microscope was used to show the extent of formulation permeation. In conclusion, the results confirmed that spanlastics exhibit promising results for the trans-ungual delivery of TBH.
Collapse
|
23
|
Kataria P, Sharma G, Thakur K, Bansal V, Dogra S, Katare OP. Emergence of nail lacquers as potential transungual delivery system in the management of onchomycosis. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2016; 13:937-52. [DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2016.1174691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Gajanand Sharma
- Division of Pharmaceutics, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC Centre of Advanced Studies, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Kanika Thakur
- Division of Pharmaceutics, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC Centre of Advanced Studies, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Vikas Bansal
- Chandigarh College of Pharmacy, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Sunil Dogra
- Department of Dermatology Venereology and Leprology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Om Prakash Katare
- Division of Pharmaceutics, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC Centre of Advanced Studies, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Akhtar N, Sharma H, Pathak K. Onychomycosis: Potential of Nail Lacquers in Transungual Delivery of Antifungals. SCIENTIFICA 2016; 2016:1387936. [PMID: 27123362 PMCID: PMC4829734 DOI: 10.1155/2016/1387936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Revised: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2016] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Onychomycosis constitutes the most common fungal infection of the nail (skin beneath the nail bed) that affects the finger as well as toe nails. It is an infection that is initiated by yeasts, dermatophytes, and nondermatophyte molds. Nail lacquers are topical solutions intended only for use on fingernails as well as toenails and have been found to be useful in the treatment of onychomycosis. Thus, in the present review an attempt has been made to focus on the treatment aspects of onychomycosis and the ungual delivery of antifungals via nail lacquer. Several patents issued on nail lacquer till date have also been discussed. Penetration efficiency was assessed by several researchers across the human nail plate to investigate the potentiality of nail lacquer based formulations. Various clinical trials have also been conducted in order to evaluate the safety and efficacy of nail lacquers in delivering antifungal agents. Thus, it can be concluded that nail lacquer based preparations are efficacious and stable formulations. These possess tremendous potential for clinical topical application to the nail bed in the treatment of onychomycosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nida Akhtar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Rajiv Academy for Pharmacy, P.O. Chhatikara, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh 281001, India
| | - Hemlata Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Rajiv Academy for Pharmacy, P.O. Chhatikara, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh 281001, India
| | - Kamla Pathak
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Pharmacy College Saifai, Saifai, Etawah, Uttar Pradesh 206130, India
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Joshi M, Sharma V, Pathak K. Nail psoriasis: An updated review of clinical reports on therapy and formulation aspects for topical delivery. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2015.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
|