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Engle K, Kumar G. Tackling multi-drug resistant fungi by efflux pump inhibitors. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 226:116400. [PMID: 38945275 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 06/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
The emergence of multidrug-resistant fungi is of grave concern, and its infections are responsible for significant deaths among immunocompromised patients. The treatment of fungal infections primarily relies on a clinical class of antibiotics, including azoles, polyenes, echinocandins, polyketides, and a nucleotide analogue. However, the incidence of fungal infections is increasing as the treatment for human and plant fungal infections overlaps with antifungal drugs. The need for new antifungal agents acting on different targets than known targets is undeniable. Also, the pace at which loss of fungal susceptibility to antibiotics cannot be undermined. There are several modes by which fungi can develop resistance to antibiotics, including reduced drug uptake, drug target alteration, and a reduction in the cellular concentration of the drug due to active extrusions and biofilm formation. The efflux pump's overexpression in the fungi primarily reduced the antibiotic's concentration to a sub-lethal concentration, thus responsible for developing resistant fungus strains. Several strategies are used to check antibiotic resistance in multi-drug resistant fungi, including synthesizing antibiotic analogs and giving antibiotics in combination therapies. Among them, the efflux pump protein inhibitors are considered potential adjuvants to antibiotics and can block the efflux of antibiotics by inhibiting efflux pump protein transporters. Moreover, it can sensitize the antifungal drugs to multi-drug resistant fungi with overexpressed efflux pump proteins. This review discusses the natural lead molecules, repurposable drugs, and formulation strategies to overcome the efflux pump activity in the fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kritika Engle
- Department of Natural Products, Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Balanagar 500037, India
| | - Gautam Kumar
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan 333031, India.
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2
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Yuan W, Xu X, Zhao F. Trends and hot spots in research related to aqueous humor from 2014 to 2023: A bibliometric analysis. Heliyon 2024; 10:e33990. [PMID: 39071583 PMCID: PMC11283149 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e33990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose To analyze publication trends and investigate research hotspots of aqueous humor (AH) studies. Methods A bibliometric study was conducted based on the Web of Science Core Collection (WOSCC). VOSviewer v. 1.6.18 was utilized to create a knowledge map visualizing the number of annual publications, the distribution of countries, international collaborations, author productivity, source journals and keywords in the field. Results A grand total of 4020 peer-reviewed papers concerning AH were retrieved from 2014 to 2023. The United States of America secured the top position among the most published countries and Duke University emerged as the most active institution. Stamer, WD contributed the most papers in this area. Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science was the most prolific journal in AH research. Retrieved publications mainly concentrated on the correlation between AH as a biomarker carrier and different ocular disorders. Six clusters were formed based on the keywords: (1) the diagnosis of endophthalmitis and AH pharmacokinetics; (2) the association of AH with pathogenesis and prognosis of glaucoma; (3) diagnosis and treatment of AH associated with uveitis; (4) the relationship between AH and refractive diseases of the eye; (5) the association of AH with mechanism and biomarkers of ocular tumorigenesis; (6) the indicators of AH associated with fundus disease. Conclusions This study unveiled present patterns of global collaboration, emerging frontiers, fundamental knowledge, research hotspots and current trends in AH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weichen Yuan
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Key Lens Research Laboratory of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Xin Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Fangkun Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Key Lens Research Laboratory of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
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3
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Faria MJ, González-Méijome JM, Real Oliveira MECD, Carracedo G, Lúcio M. Recent advances and strategies for nanocarrier-mediated topical therapy and theranostic for posterior eye disease. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2024; 210:115321. [PMID: 38679293 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2024.115321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Posterior eye disorders, such as age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, and glaucoma, have a significant impact on human quality of life and are the primary cause of age-related retinal diseases among adults. There is a pressing need for innovative topical approaches to treat posterior eye disorders, as current methods often rely on invasive procedures with inherent risks. Limited success was attained in the realm of topical ophthalmic delivery through non-invasive means. Additionally, there exists a dearth of literature that delves into the potential of this approach for drug delivery and theranostic purposes, or that offers comprehensive design strategies for nanocarrier developers to surmount the significant physiological ocular barriers. This review offers a thorough and up-to-date state-of-the-art overview of 40 studies on therapeutic loaded nanocarriers and theranostic devices that, to the best of our knowledge, represent all successful works that reached posterior eye segments through a topical non-invasive administration. Most importantly, based on the successful literature studies, this review provides a comprehensive summary of the potential design strategies that can be implemented during nanocarrier development to overcome each ocular barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria João Faria
- Centre of Physics of Minho and Porto Universities (CF-UM-UP), Universidade do Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga 4710-057, Portugal.
| | - José M González-Méijome
- Centre of Physics of Minho and Porto Universities (CF-UM-UP), Universidade do Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga 4710-057, Portugal; CEORLab - Clinical and Experimental Optometry Research Lab, Centre of Physics, Universidade do Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga 4710-057, Portugal.
| | - M Elisabete C D Real Oliveira
- Centre of Physics of Minho and Porto Universities (CF-UM-UP), Universidade do Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga 4710-057, Portugal.
| | - Gonzalo Carracedo
- Department of Optometry and Vision, Faculty of Optics and Optometry, University Complutense of Madrid, C/Arcos de Jalon 118, Madrid 28037, Spain.
| | - Marlene Lúcio
- Centre of Physics of Minho and Porto Universities (CF-UM-UP), Universidade do Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga 4710-057, Portugal; CBMA - Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology, Department of Biology, Universidade do Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga 4710-057, Portugal.
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4
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Datta D, Priyanka Bandi S, Colaco V, Dhas N, Siva Reddy DV, Vora LK. Fostering the unleashing potential of nanocarriers-mediated delivery of ocular therapeutics. Int J Pharm 2024; 658:124192. [PMID: 38703931 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
Ocular delivery is the most challenging aspect in the field of pharmaceutical research. The major hurdle for the controlled delivery of drugs to the eye includes the physiological static barriers such as the complex layers of the cornea, sclera and retina which restrict the drug from permeating into the anterior and posterior segments of the eye. Recent years have witnessed inventions in the field of conventional and nanocarrier drug delivery which have shown considerable enhancement in delivering small to large molecules across the eye. The dynamic challenges associated with conventional systems include limited drug contact time and inadequate ocular bioavailability resulting from solution drainage, tear turnover, and dilution or lacrimation. To this end, various bioactive-based nanosized carriers including liposomes, ethosomes, niosomes, dendrimer, nanogel, nanofibers, contact lenses, nanoprobes, selenium nanobells, nanosponge, polymeric micelles, silver nanoparticles, and gold nanoparticles among others have been developed to circumvent the limitations associated with the conventional dosage forms. These nanocarriers have been shown to achieve enhanced drug permeation or retention and prolong drug release in the ocular tissue due to their better tissue adherence. The surface charge and the size of nanocarriers (10-1000 nm) are the important key factors to overcome ocular barriers. Various nanocarriers have been shown to deliver active therapeutic molecules including timolol maleate, ampicillin, natamycin, voriconazole, cyclosporine A, dexamethasone, moxifloxacin, and fluconazole among others for the treatment of anterior and posterior eye diseases. Taken together, in a nutshell, this extensive review provides a comprehensive perspective on the numerous facets of ocular drug delivery with a special focus on bioactive nanocarrier-based approaches, including the difficulties and constraints involved in the fabrication of nanocarriers. This also provides the detailed invention, applications, biodistribution and safety-toxicity of nanocarriers-based therapeutcis for the ophthalmic delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepanjan Datta
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka State, India.
| | - Sony Priyanka Bandi
- Loka Laboratories Private Limited, Technology Business Incubator, BITS Pilani Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar, Medchal 500078, Telangana, India.
| | - Viola Colaco
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka State, India
| | - Namdev Dhas
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka State, India
| | - D V Siva Reddy
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio TX78227, USA
| | - Lalitkumar K Vora
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, U.K
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5
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Ruan M, Wang R, He Y. Novel Drug Delivery Systems for the Management of Fungal Keratitis. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2024; 40:160-172. [PMID: 38394222 DOI: 10.1089/jop.2023.0161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Fungal keratitis (FK) is a dangerous corneal infection that is common in tropical and subtropical areas. Its incidence is extremely high, and ocular trauma and contact lenses can lead to FK, but its common treatment such as using topical antifungal eye drop instillation is often less effective because of several drawbacks of the drugs typically used, including limited ocular penetration, high frequency of dosing, poor biocompatibility, and the potential for severe drug reactions. Therefore, the development of novel drug delivery devices for the treatment of FK is urgent. The urgent need for novel drug delivery devices to treat FK has led to the development of several techniques, including nanoparticles (NPs), in situ forming hydrogels, contact lenses, and microneedles (MNs). However, it is important to note that the main mechanisms differ between these techniques. NPs can transport large amounts of drugs and be taken up by cells owing to their large surface area and small size. In situ forming hydrogels can significantly extend the residence time of drugs because of their strong adhesive properties. Contact lenses, with their comfortable shape and drug-carrying capacity, can also act as drug delivery devices. MNs can create channels in the cornea, bypassing its barrier and enhancing drug bioavailability. This article will go over novel medication delivery techniques for treating FK and make a conclusion about their advantages and limitations in anticipation to serve the best option for the individual therapy of FK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyu Ruan
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ruiqing Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yuxi He
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Hussain A, Ramzan M, Altamimi MA, Khuroo T. HSPiP and QbD Program-Based Analytical Method Development and Validation to Quantify Ketoconazole in Dermatokinetic Study. AAPS PharmSciTech 2023; 24:231. [PMID: 37964178 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-023-02675-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Ketoconazole (KTZ) is the most potential azole anti-mycotic drug. The quantification of KTZ from various layers of the skin after topical application of lipidic nanocarriers is critical. We addressed a sensitive, specific, simple, rapid, reproducible, and economic analytical method to quantify KTZ from the treated skin homogenate using the Hansen solubility parameter (HSP, HSPiP software)-based modeling and experimental design. The software provided various HSP values for KTZ and solvents to compose the mobile phase. The Taguchi model identified the significant sets of factors to develop a robust bioanalytical method with reduced variability. In the optimization, acetonitrile (ACN) concentration (X1 as A) and the pH of mobile phase (X2 as B) were two factors against two responses (Y1: peak area and Y2: retention time). The HPLC (high-performance liquid chromatography) method validation was carried out based on US-FDA guidelines for the developed KTZ formulations (suspension, solid nanoparticles, and commercial product) extracted from the treated rat skin. The experimental solubility of KTZ was found to be maximum in the two solvents (ACN and ethyl acetate), based on HSP values. Surface response methodology (SRM) identified remarkable impact of ACN concentration and the mobile phase pH on the peak area and retention time. Analytical limits (0.17 and 0.50 µg/mL) were established for KTZ-SLNs (extracted from the skin). The method was implemented with high reproducibility, accuracy, and selectivity to quantify KTZ from the treated rat skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afzal Hussain
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mohhammad Ramzan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Jalandhar, 144411, Punjab, India.
| | - Mohammad A Altamimi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tahir Khuroo
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Irma Lerma College of Pharmacy, Texas A & M University, College Station, Texas, USA
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Shah S, Patel V. Targeting posterior eye infections with colloidal carriers: The case of Ganciclovir. Int J Pharm 2023; 645:123427. [PMID: 37729977 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
The ocular system, unlike any other human body organ, is a system in which foreign bodies appear quite defenceless in front of the eye. Several infections of the ocular system occur due to various opportunistic conditions. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is one of the opportunivores that causes several posterior eye infections. Ganciclovir (GCV),9-(2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl) ethoxymethyl), is aguanine-antiviral agent primarily used to treat CMV diseases. However, the major challenge is of lower bioavailability. Hence, GCV must be dosed repeatedly to enhance drug absorption. but this causes side effects like neutropenia and bone marrow suppression. So, formulators have used alternative formulation strategies such as prodrug formulation and colloidal drug delivery systems. In the prodrug strategy, they attempted to bind various compounds into the parent drug to increase the permeability and bioavailability of GCV. In colloidal drug delivery systems, mucoadhesive microspheres, nanoparticles, Niosome and liposome were employed to extend the drug residence time at the application site. This paper discusses several colloidal carriers combined with GCV to treat opportunistic CMV infection in the posterior ocular system. It reviews the limitations of conventional ocular therapy and explores various novel formulation approaches to improve the ocular bioavailability of GCV in the posterior chamber of the eye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srushti Shah
- Parul Institute of Pharmacy, ParulUniversity, Gujarat 391760, India.
| | - Vandana Patel
- Krishna School of Pharmacy and Research, KPGU, Gujarat 391240, India
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Kaur Sandhu S, Raut J, Kumar S, Singh M, Ahmed B, Singh J, Rana V, Rishi P, Ganesh N, Dua K, Pal Kaur I. Nanocurcumin and viable Lactobacillus plantarum based sponge dressing for skin wound healing. Int J Pharm 2023; 643:123187. [PMID: 37394156 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Curcumin loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (CSLNs) and probiotic (Lactobacillus plantarum UBLP-40; L. plantarum) were currently co-incorporated into a wound dressing. The combination with manifold anti-inflammatory, anti-infective, analgesic, and antioxidant properties of both curcumin and L. plantarum will better manage complex healing process. Recent reports indicate that polyphenolics like curcumin improve probiotic effects. Curcumin was nanoencapsulated (CSLNs) to improve its bioprofile and achieve controlled release on the wound bed. Bacteriotherapy (probiotic) is established to promote wound healing via antimicrobial activity, inhibition of pathogenic toxins, immunomodulation, and anti-inflammatory actions. Combination of CSLNs with probiotic enhanced (560%) its antimicrobial effects against planktonic cells and biofilms of skin pathogen, Staphylococcus aureus 9144. The sterile dressing was devised with selected polymers, and optimized for polymer concentration, and dressing characteristics using a central composite design. It exhibited a swelling ratio of 412 ± 36%, in vitro degradation time of 3 h, optimal water vapor transmission rate of 1516.81 ± 155.25 g/m2/day, high tensile strength, low-blood clotting index, case II transport, and controlled release of curcumin. XRD indicated strong interaction between employed polymers. FESEM revealed a porous sponge like meshwork embedded with L. plantarum and CSLNs. It degraded and released L. plantarum, which germinated in the wound bed. The sponge was stable under refrigerated conditions for up to six months. No translocation of probiotic from wound to the internal organs confirmed safety. The dressing exhibited faster wound closure and lowered bioburden in the wound area in mice. This was coupled with a decrease in TNF-α, MMP-9, and LPO levels; and an increase in VEGF, TGF-β, and antioxidant enzymes such as catalase and GSH, establishing multiple healing pathways. Results were compared with CSLNs and probiotic-alone dressings. The dressing was as effective as the silver nanoparticle-based marketed hydrogel dressing; however, the cost and risk of developing resistance would be much lower currently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simarjot Kaur Sandhu
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Jayant Raut
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Suneel Kumar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08844, USA
| | - Mandeep Singh
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Bakr Ahmed
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Joga Singh
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Vikas Rana
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala 147002, India
| | - Praveen Rishi
- Department of Microbiology, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Narayanan Ganesh
- Jawaharlal Nehru Cancer Hospital & Research Centre, Bhopal 462001, India
| | - Kamal Dua
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, New South Wales 2007, Australia
| | - Indu Pal Kaur
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India.
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Han H, Li S, Xu M, Zhong Y, Fan W, Xu J, Zhou T, Ji J, Ye J, Yao K. Polymer- and lipid-based nanocarriers for ocular drug delivery: Current status and future perspectives. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 196:114770. [PMID: 36894134 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.114770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
Ocular diseases seriously affect patients' vision and life quality, with a global morbidity of over 43 million blindness. However, efficient drug delivery to treat ocular diseases, particularly intraocular disorders, remains a huge challenge due to multiple ocular barriers that significantly affect the ultimate therapeutic efficacy of drugs. Recent advances in nanocarrier technology offer a promising opportunity to overcome these barriers by providing enhanced penetration, increased retention, improved solubility, reduced toxicity, prolonged release, and targeted delivery of the loaded drug to the eyes. This review primarily provides an overview of the progress and contemporary applications of nanocarriers, mainly polymer- and lipid-based nanocarriers, in treating various eye diseases, highlighting their value in achieving efficient ocular drug delivery. Additionally, the review covers the ocular barriers and administration routes, as well as the prospective future developments and challenges in the field of nanocarriers for treating ocular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijie Han
- Eye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou 310009, People's Republic of China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou 310009, People's Republic of China
| | - Su Li
- Eye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou 310009, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingyu Xu
- Eye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou 310009, People's Republic of China
| | - Yueyang Zhong
- Eye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou 310009, People's Republic of China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou 310009, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjie Fan
- Eye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou 310009, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingwei Xu
- Eye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou 310009, People's Republic of China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou 310009, People's Republic of China
| | - Tinglian Zhou
- Eye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou 310009, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Ji
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecule Synthesis and Functionalization of Ministry of Education, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Ye
- Eye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou 310009, People's Republic of China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou 310009, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ke Yao
- Eye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou 310009, People's Republic of China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou 310009, People's Republic of China.
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Osouli M, Abdollahizad E, Alavi S, Mahboubi A, Abbasian Z, Haeri A, Dadashzadeh S. Biocompatible phospholipid-based mixed micelles for posaconazole ocular delivery: Development, characterization, and in - vitro antifungal activity. J Biomater Appl 2023; 37:969-978. [PMID: 36424544 DOI: 10.1177/08853282221141962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Current study intended to prepare and evaluate phospholipid-based, mixed micelles (MMs) to improve the ocular delivery of posaconazole (POS), a broad-spectrum antifungal drug. For this, MMs based on egg phosphatidylcholine (EPC), as the main component, in combination with various bile salts (sodium cholate (NaC), sodium deoxycholate (NaDC), sodium taurocholate (NaTC)) or non-ionic surfactants (Pluronic® F-127, Pluronic® F-68, Tween 80, Labrasol® ALF, and d-a-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate (TPGS)) were prepared. Particle size, polydispersity index, zeta potential and entrapment efficiency were evaluated to optimize the composition and preparation method of the MMs. Finally, morphology, stability, in vitro release pattern, and in vitro antifungal activity of the optimized formulation were investigated. Among the prepared MMs, vesicles composed of EPC: TPGS with a molar ratio of 70:30, prepared by the thin-film hydration method, showed more appropriate features. Among the prepared MMs, vesicles composed of EPC: TPGS with a molar ratio of 70:30 showed more appropriate features, including an entrapment efficiency (EE) greater than 80%, spherical shape morphology, an average particle size of about 58 nm, desirable stability over a month, slow-release without a noticeable initial burst, and a significantly higher in vitro antifungal activity in comparison with the drug suspension. Therefore, this formulation was selected as the optimal MMs and could be considered as a promising carrier for topical ocular delivery of POS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahraz Osouli
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, 556492Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Erfan Abdollahizad
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, 556492Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sonia Alavi
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, 556492Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arash Mahboubi
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, 556492Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Abbasian
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, 556492Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azadeh Haeri
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, 556492Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Protein Technology Research Center, 556492Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Simin Dadashzadeh
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, 556492Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, 556492Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Lambuk L, Suhaimi NAA, Sadikan MZ, Jafri AJA, Ahmad S, Nasir NAA, Uskoković V, Kadir R, Mohamud R. Nanoparticles for the treatment of glaucoma-associated neuroinflammation. EYE AND VISION 2022; 9:26. [PMID: 35778750 PMCID: PMC9250254 DOI: 10.1186/s40662-022-00298-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Recently, a considerable amount of literature has emerged around the theme of neuroinflammation linked to neurodegeneration. Glaucoma is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by visual impairment. Understanding the complex neuroinflammatory processes underlying retinal ganglion cell loss has the potential to improve conventional therapeutic approaches in glaucoma. Due to the presence of multiple barriers that a systemically administered drug has to cross to reach the intraocular space, ocular drug delivery has always been a challenge. Nowadays, studies are focused on improving the current therapies for glaucoma by utilizing nanoparticles as the modes of drug transport across the ocular anatomical and physiological barriers. This review offers some important insights on the therapeutic advancements made in this direction, focusing on the use of nanoparticles loaded with anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective agents in the treatment of glaucoma. The prospect of these novel therapies is discussed in relation to the current therapies to alleviate inflammation in glaucoma, which are being reviewed as well, along with the detailed molecular and cellular mechanisms governing the onset and the progression of the disease.
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12
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Das B, Nayak AK, Mallick S. Lipid-based nanocarriers for ocular drug delivery: An updated review. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Wang Y, Wang C. Novel Eye Drop Delivery Systems: Advance on Formulation Design Strategies Targeting Anterior and Posterior Segments of the Eye. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14061150. [PMID: 35745723 PMCID: PMC9229693 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14061150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Eye drops are the most common and convenient route of topical administration and the first choice of treatment for many ocular diseases. However, the ocular bioavailability of traditional eye drops (i.e., solutions, suspensions, and ointments) is very low because of ophthalmic physiology and barriers, which greatly limits their therapeutic effect. Over the past few decades, many novel eye drop delivery systems, such as prodrugs, cyclodextrins, in situ gels, and nanoparticles, have been developed to improve ophthalmic bioavailability. These novel eye drop delivery systems have good biocompatibility, adhesion, and propermeation properties and have shown superior performance and efficacy over traditional eye drops. Therefore, the purpose of this review was to systematically present the research progress on novel eye drop delivery systems and provide a reference for the development of dosage form, clinical application, and commercial transformation of eye drops.
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Marathe S, Shadambikar G, Mehraj T, Sulochana SP, Dudhipala N, Majumdar S. Development of α-Tocopherol Succinate-Based Nanostructured Lipid Carriers for Delivery of Paclitaxel. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:1034. [PMID: 35631620 PMCID: PMC9145488 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14051034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The management of retinoblastoma (RB) involves the use of invasive treatment regimens. Paclitaxel (PTX), an effective antineoplastic compound used in the treatment of a wide range of malignant tumors, poses treatment challenges due to systemic toxicity, rapid elimination, and development of resistance. The goal of this work was to develop PTX-loaded, α-tocopherol succinate (αTS)-based, nanostructured lipid carrier (NLCs; αTS-PTX-NLC) and PEGylated αTS-PTX-NLC (αTS-PTX-PEG-NLC) to improve ocular bioavailability. The hot homogenization method was used to prepare the NLCs, and repeated measures ANOVA analysis was used for formulation optimization. αTS-PTX-NLC and αTS-PTX-PEG-NLC had a mean particle size, polydispersity index and zeta potential of 186.2 ± 3.9 nm, 0.17 ± 0.03, −33.2 ± 1.3 mV and 96.2 ± 3.9 nm, 0.27 ± 0.03, −39.15 ± 3.2 mV, respectively. The assay and entrapment efficiency of both formulations was >95.0%. The NLC exhibited a spherical shape, as seen from TEM images. Sterilized (autoclaved) formulations were stable for up to 60 days (last time point checked) under refrigerated conditions. PTX-NLC formulations exhibited an initial burst release and 40% drug release, overall, in 48 h. The formulations exhibited desirable physicochemical properties and could lead to an effective therapeutic option in the management of RB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushrut Marathe
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA; (S.M.); (G.S.); (T.M.); (S.P.S.); (N.D.)
| | - Gauri Shadambikar
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA; (S.M.); (G.S.); (T.M.); (S.P.S.); (N.D.)
| | - Tabish Mehraj
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA; (S.M.); (G.S.); (T.M.); (S.P.S.); (N.D.)
| | - Suresh P. Sulochana
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA; (S.M.); (G.S.); (T.M.); (S.P.S.); (N.D.)
| | - Narendar Dudhipala
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA; (S.M.); (G.S.); (T.M.); (S.P.S.); (N.D.)
| | - Soumyajit Majumdar
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA; (S.M.); (G.S.); (T.M.); (S.P.S.); (N.D.)
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA
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Zhang T, Jin X, Zhang N, Jiao X, Ma Y, Liu R, Liu B, Li Z. Targeted drug delivery vehicles mediated by nanocarriers and aptamers for posterior eye disease therapeutics: barriers, recent advances and potential opportunities. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 33:162001. [PMID: 34965522 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac46d5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Nanomedicine and aptamer have excellent potential in giving play to passive and active targeting respectively, which are considered to be effective strategies in the retro-ocular drug delivery system. The presence of closely adjoined tissue structures in the eye makes it difficult to administer the drug in the posterior segment of the eye. The application of nanomedicine could represent a new avenue for the treatment, since it could improve penetration, achieve targeted release, and improve bioavailability. Additionally, a novel type of targeted molecule aptamer with identical objective was proposed. As an emerging molecule, aptamer shows the advantages of penetration, non-toxicity, and high biocompatibility, which make it suitable for ocular drug administration. The purpose of this paper is to summarize the recent studies on the effectiveness of nanoparticles as a drug delivery to the posterior segment of the eye. This paper also creatively looks forward to the possibility of the combined application of nanocarriers and aptamers as a new method of targeted drug delivery system in the field of post-ophthalmic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyang Lake Road, West Zone of Tuanbo New City, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Jin
- Military Medicine Section, Logistics University of Chinese People's Armed Police Force, 1 Huizhihuan Road, Dongli District, Tianjin 300309, People's Republic of China
| | - Nan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyang Lake Road, West Zone of Tuanbo New City, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyi Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyang Lake Road, West Zone of Tuanbo New City, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyang Lake Road, West Zone of Tuanbo New City, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyang Lake Road, West Zone of Tuanbo New City, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, People's Republic of China
| | - Boshi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyang Lake Road, West Zone of Tuanbo New City, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyang Lake Road, West Zone of Tuanbo New City, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, People's Republic of China
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Management and control of intraocular pressure applying macitentan hydrogel film formulation: improved effect of surfactant and cosurfactant system. Daru 2022; 30:39-47. [PMID: 34997568 PMCID: PMC9114230 DOI: 10.1007/s40199-021-00428-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Macitentan blocks endothelin receptors in order to control the pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Oral administration of macitentan is associated with painful urination and troubled breathing. OBJECTIVES Formulated macitentan hydrogel film was used for examining the control of intraocular pressure, and the effect of surfactant and cosurfactant was studied. METHODS Macitentan ocular film formulation has been prepared in hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) matrix system using different surfactant/co-surfactant system, and intraocular pressure was monitored on normotensive rabbit eyes after application in the cul-de-sac. RESULTS The solid state characterization of the film indicated amorphisation of macitentan and no issues regarding major incompatibility was observed. Combination of surfactant, co-surfactant and hydrophilic co-solvent systems in the said films markedly improved the drug release and mucosal tissue permeation. Presence of PEG and Transcutol significantly improved ex vivo corneal permeation of MP and MT respectively compared to other films. Transcutol (MT) exhibited greatest difference among the formulations by improving the vesicular bilayer fluidity and reducing the mucosal tissue barrier facilitating the transcorneal diffusion. A combination of diffusion and erosion control behavior was observed in drug release and corneal permeation of the films due to the balanced liquid penetration and polymeric chain relaxation rate. MP and MT films were used for further in vivo studies to achieve possible effective and prolonged control of intraocular pressure. In vivo study has revealed the reduction in intraocular pressure upto about 23 % when tested on normotensive rabbit model. The films has managed to lower the IOP upto 3 h. CONCLUSION Developed macitentan hydrogel film containing Transcutol (MT) could have a high potential for the control and management of ocular hypertension after topical application.
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Ramzan M, Gourion-Arsiquaud S, Hussain A, Gulati JS, Zhang Q, Trehan S, Puri V, Michniak-Kohn B, Kaur IP. In vitro release, ex vivo penetration, and in vivo dermatokinetics of ketoconazole-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles for topical delivery. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2022; 12:1659-1683. [PMID: 34993923 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-021-01058-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The study focused to evaluate and investigate optimized (using QbD) and novel ketoconazole (KTZ)-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (KTZ-SLNs; 2% w/v KTZ) for enhanced permeation across skin. KTZ-SLNs were evaluated for size, distribution, zeta potential (ZP), percent entrapment efficiency (%EE), drug release, morphology (HRTEM and FESEM), thermal behaviour (DSC), spectroscopic (FTIR), and solid-state/diffraction characterization (X-ray diffraction, XRD). Moreover, ex vivo permeation and drug deposition into rat skin were conducted using Franz diffusion cell. The same was confirmed using human dermatome skin and fluorescence, confocal Raman, and vibrational ATR-FTIR microscopic methods. An in vivo dermatokinetics study was performed in rats to assess the extent of KTZ permeation into the skin. Stability including accelerated and photostability studies were conducted at different temperatures (2-8, 30, and 40 °C) for 12 months. The spherical, optimized KTZ-SLN formulation (KOF1) showed particle size of 293 nm and high EE of 88.5%. Results of FTIR, DSC, and XRD confirmed formation of KTZ-SLNs and their amorphous nature due to presence of KTZ in a dissolved state in the lipid matrix. In vitro release was slow and sustained whereas ex vivo permeation parameters were significantly high in KTZ-SLNs as compared to free drug suspension (KTZ-SUS) and marketed product (Nizral®; 2% KTZ w/v). Drug retention was 10- and five-fold higher than KTZ-SUS and marketed product, respectively. In vivo dermatokinetics parameters improved significantly with SLN formulation (410-900% enhanced). Confocal Raman spectroscopy experiment showed that KTZ-SLNs could penetrate beyond the human stratum corneum into viable epidermis. Fluorescent microscopy also indicated improved penetration of KTZ-SLNs. KTZ-SLNs were photostable and showed long-term stability over 12 months under set conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohhammad Ramzan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Sector 14, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | | | - Afzal Hussain
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Sonia Trehan
- Center for Dermal Research, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Vinam Puri
- Center for Dermal Research, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | | | - Indu Pal Kaur
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Sector 14, Chandigarh, 160014, India.
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Chaudhari P, Naik R, Sruthi Mallela L, Roy S, Birangal S, Ghate V, Balladka Kunhanna S, Lewis SA. A supramolecular thermosensitive gel of ketoconazole for ocular applications: In silico, in vitro, and ex vivo studies. Int J Pharm 2021; 613:121409. [PMID: 34952148 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.121409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of corneal fungal infections continues to be a growing concern worldwide. Ocular delivery of anti-fungal drugs is challenging due to the anatomical and physiological barriers of the eye. The ocular bioavailability of ketoconazole (KTZ), a widely prescribed antifungal agent, is hampered by its limited aqueous solubility and permeation. In the study, the physicochemical properties of KTZ were improved by complexation with sulfobutylether-β-cyclodextrin (SBE-β-CD).KTZ-SBE-β-CD complex was studied in silico with docking and dynamics simulations, followed by wet-lab experiments.The optimized KTZ-SBE-β-CD complex was loaded into a thermosensitivein situ gel to increase corneal bioavailability. The supramolecular complex increased the solubility of KTZ by 5-folds and exhibited a 10-fold increment in drug release compared to the pure KTZ. Owing to the diffusion, thein situ gel exhibited a more sustained drug release profile. Theex vivocorneal permeation studies showed higher permeation from KTZ-SBE-β-CD in situ gel (flux of ∼19.11 µg/cm2/h) than KTZin situ gel (flux of ∼1.17 µg/cm2/h). The cytotoxicity assays and the hen's egg chorioallantoic membrane assay (HET-CAM) confirmed the formulations' safety and non-irritancy. In silico guided design of KTZ-SBE-β-CD inclusion complexes successfully modified the physicochemical properties of KTZ. In addition, the loading of the KTZ-SBE-β-CD complex into an in situ gel significantly increased the precorneal retention and permeation of KTZ, indicating that the developed formulation is a viable modality to treat fungal keratitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinal Chaudhari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Ranjitha Naik
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Lakshmi Sruthi Mallela
- Prof. Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad 500034, India
| | - Sanhita Roy
- Prof. Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad 500034, India
| | - Sumit Birangal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Vivek Ghate
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Sarojini Balladka Kunhanna
- Department of Industrial Chemistry, Mangalore University, Mangalagangothri, Mangalore 574199, Karnataka, India
| | - Shaila A Lewis
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India.
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Ramzan M, Kaur G, Trehan S, Agrewala JN, Michniak-Kohn BB, Hussain A, Mahdi WA, Gulati JS, Kaur IP. Mechanistic evaluations of ketoconazole lipidic nanoparticles for improved efficacy, enhanced topical penetration, cellular uptake (L929 and J774A.1), and safety assessment: In vitro and in vivo studies. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.102743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Navarro-Partida J, Castro-Castaneda CR, Santa Cruz-Pavlovich FJ, Aceves-Franco LA, Guy TO, Santos A. Lipid-Based Nanocarriers as Topical Drug Delivery Systems for Intraocular Diseases. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13050678. [PMID: 34065059 PMCID: PMC8151015 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13050678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Effective drug delivery to intraocular tissues remains a great challenge due to complex anatomical and physiological barriers that selectively limit the entry of drugs into the eye. To overcome these challenges, frequent topical application and regular intravitreal injections are currently used to achieve the desired drug concentrations into the eye. However, the repetitive installation or recurrent injections may result in several side effects. Recent advancements in the field of nanoparticle-based drug delivery have demonstrated promising results for topical ophthalmic nanotherapies in the treatment of intraocular diseases. Studies have revealed that nanocarriers enhance the intraocular half-life and bioavailability of several therapies including proteins, peptides and genetic material. Amongst the array of nanoparticles available nowadays, lipid-based nanosystems have shown an increased efficiency and feasibility in topical formulations, making them an important target for constant and thorough research in both preclinical and clinical practice. In this review, we will cover the promising lipid-based nanocarriers used in topical ophthalmic formulations for intraocular drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Navarro-Partida
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Campus Guadalajara, P.C., Zapopan 45138, Mexico; (J.N.-P.); (C.R.C.-C.); (F.J.S.C.-P.); (L.A.A.-F.); (T.O.G.)
- Centro de Retina Medica y Quirurgica, S.C., Centro Medico Puerta de Hierro, P.C., Zapopan 45116, Mexico
| | - Carlos Rodrigo Castro-Castaneda
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Campus Guadalajara, P.C., Zapopan 45138, Mexico; (J.N.-P.); (C.R.C.-C.); (F.J.S.C.-P.); (L.A.A.-F.); (T.O.G.)
| | - Francisco J. Santa Cruz-Pavlovich
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Campus Guadalajara, P.C., Zapopan 45138, Mexico; (J.N.-P.); (C.R.C.-C.); (F.J.S.C.-P.); (L.A.A.-F.); (T.O.G.)
| | - Luis Abraham Aceves-Franco
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Campus Guadalajara, P.C., Zapopan 45138, Mexico; (J.N.-P.); (C.R.C.-C.); (F.J.S.C.-P.); (L.A.A.-F.); (T.O.G.)
- Centro de Retina Medica y Quirurgica, S.C., Centro Medico Puerta de Hierro, P.C., Zapopan 45116, Mexico
| | - Tomer Ori Guy
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Campus Guadalajara, P.C., Zapopan 45138, Mexico; (J.N.-P.); (C.R.C.-C.); (F.J.S.C.-P.); (L.A.A.-F.); (T.O.G.)
| | - Arturo Santos
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Campus Guadalajara, P.C., Zapopan 45138, Mexico; (J.N.-P.); (C.R.C.-C.); (F.J.S.C.-P.); (L.A.A.-F.); (T.O.G.)
- Centro de Retina Medica y Quirurgica, S.C., Centro Medico Puerta de Hierro, P.C., Zapopan 45116, Mexico
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +52-(33)-36-69-30-00 (ext. 2540)
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Sandhu SK, Kumar S, Raut J, Singh M, Kaur S, Sharma G, Roldan TL, Trehan S, Holloway J, Wahler G, Laskin JD, Sinko PJ, Berthiaume F, Michniak-Kohn B, Rishi P, Ganesh N, Kaur IP. Systematic Development and Characterization of Novel, High Drug-Loaded, Photostable, Curcumin Solid Lipid Nanoparticle Hydrogel for Wound Healing. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:725. [PMID: 34063003 PMCID: PMC8148018 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10050725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The study aims to develop high drug-loaded (about 15% lipid matrix) curcumin solid lipid nanoparticles (CSLNs) for wound healing. CSLNs prepared by hot, high-pressure homogenization, without using organic solvents, were optimized using the Taguchi design followed by the central composite design. The optimized CSLNs exhibited a high assay/drug content (0.6% w/w), solubility (6 × 105 times), and EE (75%) with a particle size < 200 nm (PDI-0.143). The CSLNs were safe (in vitro and in vivo), photostable, autoclavable, stable up to one year at 30 °C and under refrigeration and exhibited a controlled release (zero-order; 5 days). XRD, FTIR, and DSC confirmed solubilization and entrapment of the curcumin within the SLNs. TEM and FESEM revealed a smooth and spherical shape. The CSLNs showed a significant antimicrobial effect (MIC of 64 µg/mL for planktonic cells; 512 µg/mL for biofilm formation; and 2 mg/mL for mature biofilm) against Staphylococcus aureus 9144, while free curcumin dispersion did not exhibit any effect. This is the first report on the disruption of mature biofilms by curcumin solid lipid nanoparticles (CSLNs). The cell proliferation potential of CSLNs was also evaluated in vitro while the wound healing potential of CSLNs (incorporated in a hydrogel) was assessed in vivo. In (i) nitrogen mustard gas and (ii) a full-thickness excision wound model, CSLNs exhibited (a) significantly faster wound closure, (b) histologically and immunohistochemically better healing, (c) lower oxidative stress (LPO) and (d) inflammation (TNFα), and (e) increased angiogenesis (VEGF) and antioxidant enzymes, i.e., catalase and GSH levels. CSLNs thus offer a promising modern wound therapy especially for infected wounds, considering their effects in mature biofilm disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simarjot Kaur Sandhu
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India; (S.K.S.); (J.R.); (M.S.); (S.K.); (G.S.)
| | - Suneel Kumar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; (S.K.); (F.B.)
| | - Jayant Raut
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India; (S.K.S.); (J.R.); (M.S.); (S.K.); (G.S.)
| | - Mandeep Singh
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India; (S.K.S.); (J.R.); (M.S.); (S.K.); (G.S.)
| | - Sandeep Kaur
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India; (S.K.S.); (J.R.); (M.S.); (S.K.); (G.S.)
| | - Garima Sharma
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India; (S.K.S.); (J.R.); (M.S.); (S.K.); (G.S.)
| | - Tomas L. Roldan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; (T.L.R.); (J.H.); (P.J.S.); (B.M.-K.)
- Counter ACT Center of Excellence, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; (G.W.); (J.D.L.)
| | - Sonia Trehan
- Center for Dermal Research (CDR), Life Sciences Building, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA;
| | - Jennifer Holloway
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; (T.L.R.); (J.H.); (P.J.S.); (B.M.-K.)
- Counter ACT Center of Excellence, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; (G.W.); (J.D.L.)
| | - Gabriella Wahler
- Counter ACT Center of Excellence, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; (G.W.); (J.D.L.)
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Jeffrey D. Laskin
- Counter ACT Center of Excellence, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; (G.W.); (J.D.L.)
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Patrick J. Sinko
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; (T.L.R.); (J.H.); (P.J.S.); (B.M.-K.)
- Counter ACT Center of Excellence, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; (G.W.); (J.D.L.)
| | - Francois Berthiaume
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; (S.K.); (F.B.)
| | - Bozena Michniak-Kohn
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; (T.L.R.); (J.H.); (P.J.S.); (B.M.-K.)
- Center for Dermal Research (CDR), Life Sciences Building, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA;
| | - Praveen Rishi
- Department of Microbiology, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India;
| | - Narayanan Ganesh
- Jawaharlal Nehru Cancer Hospital & Research Centre, Bhopal 462001, India;
| | - Indu Pal Kaur
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India; (S.K.S.); (J.R.); (M.S.); (S.K.); (G.S.)
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22
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Antimicrobial nanomedicine for ocular bacterial and fungal infection. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2021; 11:1352-1375. [PMID: 33840082 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-021-00966-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ocular infection induced by bacteria and fungi is a major cause of visual impairment and blindness. Topical administration of antibiotics remains the first-line treatment, as effective eradication of pathogens is the core of the anti-infection strategy. Whereas, eye drops lack efficiency and have relatively low bioavailability. Intraocular injection may cause concurrent ocular damage and secondary infection. In addition, antibiotic-based management can be limited by the low sensitivity to multidrug-resistant bacteria. Nanomedicine is proposed as a prospective, effective, and noninvasive platform to mediate ocular delivery and combat pathogen or even resistant strains. Nanomedicine can not only carry antimicrobial agents to fight against pathogens but also directly active microbicidal capability, killing pathogens. More importantly, by modification, nanomedicine can achieve enhanced residence time and release time on the cornea, and easy penetration through corneal tissues into anterior and posterior segments of the eye, thus improving the therapeutic effect for ocular infection. In this review, several categories of antimicrobial nanomedicine are systematically discussed, where the efficiency and possibility of further embellishment and improvement to adapt to clinical use are also investigated. All in all, novel antimicrobial nanomedicine provides potent and prospective ways to manage severe and refractory ocular infections.
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Elfaky MA, Sirwi A, Tolba HH, Shaik RA, Selmi NM, Alattas AH, Albreki RS, Alshreef NM, Gad HA. Development, Optimization, and Antifungal Assessment of Ocular Gel Loaded With Ketoconazole Cubic Liquid Crystalline Nanoparticles. J Pharm Sci 2021; 110:2210-2220. [PMID: 33621518 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2021.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Ketoconazole is a drug that belongs to azole antifungal group. The current available marketed products of ketoconazole are accompanied with potential drawbacks such as short retention time at the eye surface and eye irritation. The aim of this research is to find a solution for the previously mentioned limitations through loading of ketoconazole within cubosomes (KZ-Cub) to be used as ophthalmic drug delivery systems. Cubosomes properties will help to keep the encapsulated drug in the solubilized form. Further incorporation of cubosomes into biodegradable polymer based gel could prolong the ocular retention time of the drug. Three studied independent variables included glyceryl-mono-oleate, Pluronic-F127 and Polyvinyl alcohol percentage with respect to the dispersion media, while particle size, entrapment efficiency and stability index were the dependent variables that have been evaluated. The optimized cubosomes was assessed for its in-vitro and in-vivo antifungal activity. The prepared gel loaded with KZ-Cub formula had an enhanced permeability, ocular availability, antifungal activity and significant decrease in MIC values compared to commercial one, which reflected the strong impact on the activity of KZ in the management of eye infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud A Elfaky
- Department of Natural Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Alaa Sirwi
- Department of Natural Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Heba H Tolba
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, 6 October City, Giza, Egypt
| | - Rasheed A Shaik
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nouf M Selmi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahlam H Alattas
- Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Raghad S Albreki
- Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nuha M Alshreef
- Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Heba A Gad
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Abbasseya, Cairo, 11566, Egypt
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Kakkar S, Singh M, Mohan Karuppayil S, Raut JS, Giansanti F, Papucci L, Schiavone N, Nag TC, Gao N, Yu FSX, Ramzan M, Kaur IP. Lipo-PEG nano-ocular formulation successfully encapsulates hydrophilic fluconazole and traverses corneal and non-corneal path to reach posterior eye segment. J Drug Target 2021; 29:631-650. [PMID: 33410357 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2020.1871483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The present study describes a special lipid-polyethylene glycol matrix solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs; 138 nm; -2.07 mV) for ocular delivery. Success of this matrix to encapsulate (entrapment efficiency - 62.09%) a hydrophilic drug, fluconazole (FCZ-SLNs), with no burst release (67% release in 24 h) usually observed with most water-soluble drugs, is described presently. The system showed 164.64% higher flux than the marketed drops (Zocon®) through porcine cornea. Encapsulation within SLNs and slow release did not compromise efficacy of FCZ-SLNs. Latter showed in vitro and in vivo antifungal effects, including antibiofilm effects comparable to free FCZ solution. Developed system was safe and stable (even to sterilisation by autoclaving); and showed optimal viscosity, refractive index and osmotic pressure. These SLNs could reach up to retina following application as drops. The mechanism of transport via corneal and non-corneal transcellular pathways is described by fluorescent and TEM images of mice eye cross sections. Particles streamed through the vitreous, crossed inner limiting membrane and reached the outer retinal layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilpa Kakkar
- UGC-Centre of Advanced Study, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Mandeep Singh
- UGC-Centre of Advanced Study, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Sankunny Mohan Karuppayil
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, Center for Interdisciplinary Research, D. Y. Patil Educational Society, Kolhapur, India
| | - Jayant S Raut
- School of Life Sciences, SRTM University Nanded, Nanded, India
| | - Fabrizio Giansanti
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Eye Clinic, Florence, Italy
| | - Laura Papucci
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, Section of Experimental Pathology and Oncology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Nicola Schiavone
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, Section of Experimental Pathology and Oncology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - T C Nag
- Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Nan Gao
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Anatomy/Cell Biology, Kresge Eye Institute, Kresge, MI, USA
| | - Fu-Shin X Yu
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Anatomy/Cell Biology, Kresge Eye Institute, Kresge, MI, USA
| | - Mohhammad Ramzan
- UGC-Centre of Advanced Study, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Indu Pal Kaur
- UGC-Centre of Advanced Study, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
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Ahmed TA, Alzahrani MM, Sirwi A, Alhakamy NA. The Antifungal and Ocular Permeation of Ketoconazole from Ophthalmic Formulations Containing Trans-Ethosomes Nanoparticles. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:151. [PMID: 33498849 PMCID: PMC7912274 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13020151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Ketoconazole (KET), a synthetic imidazole broad-spectrum antifungal agent, is characterized by its poor aqueous solubility and high molecular weight, which might hamper its corneal permeation. The aim was to develop an ophthalmic formulation loaded with optimized trans-ethosomal vesicles to enhance KET ocular permeation, antifungal activity, rapid drug drainage, and short elimination half-life. Four formulation factors affecting the vesicles' size, zeta potential, entrapment efficiency, and flexibility of the trans-ethosomes formulations were optimized. The optimum formulation was characterized, and their morphological and antifungal activity were studied. Different ophthalmic formulations loaded with the optimized vesicles were prepared and characterized. The ocular irritation and in vivo corneal permeation were investigated. Results revealed that the drug-to-phospholipid-molar ratio, the percentage of edge activator, the percentage of ethanol, and the percentage of stearyl amine significantly affect the characteristics of the vesicles. The optimized vesicles were spherical and showed an average size of 151.34 ± 8.73 nm, a zeta potential value of +34.82 ± 2.64 mV, an entrapment efficiency of 94.97 ± 5.41%, and flexibility of 95.44 ± 4.33%. The antifungal activity of KET was significantly improved following treatment with the optimized vesicles. The developed in situ gel formulations were found to be nonirritating to the cornea. The trans-ethosomes vesicles were able to penetrate deeper into the posterior eye segment without any toxic effects. Accordingly, the in situ developed gel formulation loaded with KET trans-ethosomes vesicles represents a promising ocular delivery system for the treatment of deep fungal eye infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarek A. Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (M.M.A.); (N.A.A.)
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11651, Egypt
| | - Maram M. Alzahrani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (M.M.A.); (N.A.A.)
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alaa Sirwi
- Department of Natural Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Nabil A. Alhakamy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (M.M.A.); (N.A.A.)
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Singh M, Schiavone N, Papucci L, Maan P, Kaur J, Singh G, Nandi U, Nosi D, Tani A, Khuller GK, Priya M, Singh R, Kaur IP. Streptomycin sulphate loaded solid lipid nanoparticles show enhanced uptake in macrophage, lower MIC in Mycobacterium and improved oral bioavailability. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2021; 160:100-124. [PMID: 33497794 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2021.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Present study addresses the challenge of incorporating hydrophilic streptomycin sulphate (STRS; log P -6.4) with high dose (1 g/day) into a lipid matrix of SLNs. Cold high-pressure homogenization technique used for SLN preparation achieved 30% drug loading and 51.17 ± 0.95% entrapment efficiency. Polyethylene glycol 600 as a supporting-surfactant assigned small size (218.1 ± 15.46 nm) and mucus-penetrating property. It was conceived to administer STRS-SLNs orally rather than intramuscularly. STRS-SLNs remained stable on incubation for varying times in SGF or SIF. STRS-SLNs were extensively characterised for microscopic (TEM and AFM), thermal (DSC), diffraction (XRD) and spectroscopic (NMR and FTIR) properties and showed zero-order controlled release. Enhanced (60 times) intracellular uptake was observed in THP-1 and Pgp expressing LoVo and DLD-1 cell lines, using fluorescein-SLNs. Presence of SLNs in LoVo cells was also revealed by TEM studies. STRS-SLNs showed 3 times reduction in MIC against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37RV (256182) in comparison to free STRS. It also showed better activity against both M. bovis BCG and Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37RV (272994) in comparison to free STRS. Cytotoxicity and acute toxicity studies (OECD 425 guidelines) confirmed in vitro and in vivo safety of STRS-SLNs. Single-dose oral pharmacokinetic studies in rat plasma using validated LCMS/MS technique or the microbioassay showed significant oral absorption and bioavailability (160% - 710% increase than free drug).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandeep Singh
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC-Centre of Advanced Study, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Nicola Schiavone
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", Section of Experimental Pathology and Oncology, University of Florence, Italy
| | - Laura Papucci
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", Section of Experimental Pathology and Oncology, University of Florence, Italy
| | - Prathiba Maan
- Department of Biotechnology, BMS Block-1, Sector 25, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Jagdeep Kaur
- Department of Biotechnology, BMS Block-1, Sector 25, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Gurdarshan Singh
- PK-PD-Toxicology & Formulation Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India
| | - Utpal Nandi
- PK-PD-Toxicology & Formulation Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India
| | - Daniele Nosi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Anatomy and Histology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Alessia Tani
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Anatomy and Histology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Gopal K Khuller
- Department of Biochemistry, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Manisha Priya
- Tuberculosis Research Laboratory, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Cluster, PO Box # 4, Faridabad-Gurugram Expressway, Faridabad 121003, India
| | - Ramandeep Singh
- Tuberculosis Research Laboratory, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Cluster, PO Box # 4, Faridabad-Gurugram Expressway, Faridabad 121003, India
| | - Indu Pal Kaur
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC-Centre of Advanced Study, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India.
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Wang L, Deng Y. Malassezia species may play potential roles in the pathogenesis of meibomian gland dysfunction. Med Hypotheses 2020; 144:110137. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.110137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Cutting-edge advances in therapy for the posterior segment of the eye: Solid lipid nanoparticles and nanostructured lipid carriers. Int J Pharm 2020; 589:119831. [PMID: 32877729 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Posterior segment eye diseases affect more than 300 million patients worldwide resulting in severe visual impairment. The treatments available are invasive, costly, present irregular effectiveness, and cause serious adverse effects. These drawbacks significantly reduce patient compliance. In the last decade, solid lipid nanoparticle (SLN) and nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC) have shown potential as innovative carriers for lipophilic drug substances to overcome hurdles in treating the eye posterior segment. This review shows the advantages of these formulations, focusing on their compatibility with ocular tissues, which increases the internalization of the drug substances. Additionally, SLN and NLC can reduce the clearance by the eye's protective mechanisms due to adhesive properties related to nanometric size. Therefore, these preparations may allow the treating of several ophthalmic diseases by topical administration, increasing the interval between doses. This feature can decrease adverse effects and enhance efficacy, ultimately improving patient compliance. Thus, this critical review presents the performance of the in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo assays that support the potential of SLN and NLC to treat diseases of the posterior segment of the eye. These nanoparticles have shown to be promising alternative towards a major shift in developing ophthalmic products.
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Yadav M, Schiavone N, Guzman-Aranguez A, Giansanti F, Papucci L, Perez de Lara MJ, Singh M, Kaur IP. Atorvastatin-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles as eye drops: proposed treatment option for age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Drug Deliv Transl Res 2020; 10:919-944. [PMID: 32270439 PMCID: PMC7223242 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-020-00733-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Statins, widely prescribed for cardiovascular diseases, are also being eyed for management of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Poor bioavailability and blood-aqueous barrier may however limit significant ocular concentration of statins following oral administration. We for the first time propose and investigate local application of atorvastatin (ATS; representative statin) loaded into solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs), as self-administrable eye drops. Insolubility, instability, and high molecular weight > 500 of ATS, and ensuring that SLNs reach posterior eye were the challenges to be met. ATS-SLNs, developed (2339/DEL/2014) using suitable components, quality-by-design (QBD) approach, and scalable hot high-pressure homogenization, were characterized and evaluated comprehensively for ocular suitability. ATS-SLNs were 8 and 12 times more bioavailable (AUC) in aqueous and vitreous humor, respectively, than free ATS. Three-tier (in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo) ocular safety, higher corneal flux (2.5-fold), and improved stability (13.62 times) including photostability of ATS on incorporation in ATS-SLNs were established. Autoclavability and aqueous nature are the other highlights of ATS-SLNs. Presence of intact fluorescein-labeled SLNs (F-SLNs) in internal eye tissues post-in vivo application as eye drops provides direct evidence of successful delivery. Perinuclear fluorescence in ARPE-19 cells confirms the effective uptake of F-SLNs. Prolonged residence, up to 7 h, was attributed to the mucus-penetrating nature of ATS-SLNs. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Yadav
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Nicola Schiavone
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, Section of Experimental Pathology and Oncology, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Ana Guzman-Aranguez
- Facultad de Optica y Optometria, Dpto. Bioquimica y Biologia Molecular IV, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, C/Arcos de Jalon 118, 28037, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fabrizio Giansanti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, Section of Experimental Pathology and Oncology, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Laura Papucci
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, Section of Experimental Pathology and Oncology, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Maria J Perez de Lara
- Facultad de Optica y Optometria, Dpto. Bioquimica y Biologia Molecular IV, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, C/Arcos de Jalon 118, 28037, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mandeep Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Indu Pal Kaur
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India.
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Endo EH, Makimori RY, Companhoni MVP, Ueda-Nakamura T, Nakamura CV, Dias Filho BP. Ketoconazole-loaded poly-(lactic acid) nanoparticles: Characterization and improvement of antifungal efficacy in vitro against Candida and dermatophytes. J Mycol Med 2020; 30:101003. [PMID: 32586733 DOI: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2020.101003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In order to improve the effect of ketoconazole, poly-lactic acid (PLA) nanoparticles containing ketoconazole were prepared, characterized and tested against dermatophytes and Candida spp planktonic and biofilm cells. METHODS The ketoconazole-PLA nanoparticles obtained by nanoprecipitation were characterized using dynamic light scattering, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry. In addition, quantification of encapsulated ketoconazole and the in vitro release profile were determined. Antifungal susceptibility tests against dermatophytes Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, and Microsporum gypseum and yeasts Candida albicans, C. dubliniensis, C. krusei, C. parapsilosis, and C. tropicalis were performed. RESULTS Spherical nanoparticles, with a mean diameter of 188.5nm and an encapsulation efficiency of 45% ketoconazole, were obtained. The nanoparticles containing ketoconazole had superior antifungal activity against all tested fungi strains than free ketoconazole. Inhibition of yeast biofilm formation was also achieved. CONCLUSION Ketoconazole-PLA nanoparticles resulted in better antifungal activity of ketoconazole nanoparticles than free drug against dermatophytes and Candida species, indicating a promising tool for the development of therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- E H Endo
- Post-Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Science, State University of Maringá, avenue Colombo, 5790, Maringá 87020-900, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - R Y Makimori
- Post-Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Science, State University of Maringá, avenue Colombo, 5790, Maringá 87020-900, Paraná, Brazil
| | - M V P Companhoni
- Post-Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Science, State University of Maringá, avenue Colombo, 5790, Maringá 87020-900, Paraná, Brazil
| | - T Ueda-Nakamura
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, State University of Maringá, avenue Colombo, 5790, Maringá 87020-900, Paraná, Brazil
| | - C V Nakamura
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, State University of Maringá, avenue Colombo, 5790, Maringá 87020-900, Paraná, Brazil
| | - B P Dias Filho
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, State University of Maringá, avenue Colombo, 5790, Maringá 87020-900, Paraná, Brazil
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Ghafoorianfar S, Ghorani-Azam A, Mohajeri SA, Farzin D. Efficiency of nanoparticles for treatment of ocular infections: Systematic literature review. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2020.101765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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El-Mofty HM, El-Nabarawi MA, Abd El Rehem RT, Teaima MH, Abary MYS, Salah M, Lotfy NM. Niosomes: Do They Increase the Potency of Topical Natamycin Ketorolac Formula in Treating Aspergillus Keratitis? An Experimental Study. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2020; 36:545-554. [PMID: 32357092 DOI: 10.1089/jop.2019.0128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Formulation of new drug delivery system as Natamycin (NT)-loaded nanoparticle niosomal formulae mixed in different polymer gel, with the addition of ketorolac tromethamine (KETR). Pharmaceutical and experimental assessments to evaluate their safety and efficacy in treating Aspergillus keratitis. Methods: NT nanoparticle niosomes prepared by reverse-phase evaporation technique were mixed in different polymers, with the addition of KETR. Two formulae are evaluated in this study: F1 [NT-loaded nanoparticle niosomes/0.5% KETR 4% carboxymethyl cellulose (Na.CMC) gel], F2 [NT-loaded nanoparticle niosomes/0.5% KETR 2% hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (HPMC)-E4 gel], and mixed marketed products (MMP), namely Natamet® and Ketoroline® suspension eye drops. NT-loaded nanoparticle niosomes/0.5% KETR were evaluated through viscosity determination, mucoadhesive attractive force, and in vitro NT release studies. The in vivo antifungal evaluation was performed on 45 albino rabbits, Aspergillus species were inoculated in right corneas of all rabbits, and then rabbits were subdivided into 3 groups, 15 rabbits each: Group A: received F1, Group B: received F2, and Group C: received MMP. Daily examination of rabbits was performed for evaluation of corneal infiltration, and signs of iritis. Two weeks later, rabbits were euthanized; their corneas were dissected at the limbus and sent for histopathological evaluation. Results: F1 had a higher viscosity and more mucoadhesive power than F2, and showed better results on corneal infiltration, and level of hypopyon. These results were consistent with the histopathological examination. Conclusion: The formula of NT-loaded nanoparticle niosomes/0.5% KT 4% Na.CMC gel has the best results from all pharmaceutical in vitro evaluations and a better cure percent in experimental application.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohamed A El-Nabarawi
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Randa Tag Abd El Rehem
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud H Teaima
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohammed Y S Abary
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mona Salah
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nancy M Lotfy
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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Lynch C, Kondiah PPD, Choonara YE, du Toit LC, Ally N, Pillay V. Advances in Biodegradable Nano-Sized Polymer-Based Ocular Drug Delivery. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:E1371. [PMID: 31434273 PMCID: PMC6722735 DOI: 10.3390/polym11081371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2019] [Revised: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The effective delivery of drugs to the eye remains a challenge. The eye has a myriad of defense systems and physiological barriers that leaves ocular drug delivery systems with low bioavailability profiles. This is mainly due to poor permeability through the epithelia and rapid clearance from the eye following administration. However, recent advances in both polymeric drug delivery and biomedical nanotechnology have allowed for improvements to be made in the treatment of ocular conditions. The employment of biodegradable polymers in ocular formulations has led to improved retention time, greater bioavailability and controlled release through mucoadhesion to the epithelia in the eye, amongst other beneficial properties. Nanotechnology has been largely investigated for uses in the medical field, ranging from diagnosis of disease to treatment. The nanoscale of these developing drug delivery systems has helped to improve the penetration of drugs through the various ocular barriers, thus improving bioavailability. This review will highlight the physiological barriers encountered in the eye, current conventional treatment methods as well as how polymeric drug delivery and nanotechnology can be employed to optimize drug penetration to both the anterior and posterior segment of the eye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney Lynch
- Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 7 York Road, Parktown 2193, South Africa
| | - Pierre P D Kondiah
- Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 7 York Road, Parktown 2193, South Africa
| | - Yahya E Choonara
- Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 7 York Road, Parktown 2193, South Africa
| | - Lisa C du Toit
- Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 7 York Road, Parktown 2193, South Africa
| | - Naseer Ally
- Division of Ophthalmology, Department of Neurosciences, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 7 York Road, Parktown 2193, South Africa
| | - Viness Pillay
- Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 7 York Road, Parktown 2193, South Africa.
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Yadav M, Guzman-Aranguez A, Perez de Lara MJ, Singh M, Singh J, Kaur IP. Safety data on in situ gelling bimatoprost loaded nanovesicular formulations. Data Brief 2019; 25:104361. [PMID: 31485469 PMCID: PMC6715818 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2019.104361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In vitro cytotoxicity and in vivo acute and 7 days repeat-dose ocular toxicity studies, were conducted in rabbits, in accordance with the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) guidelines, for bimatoprost loaded nanovesicular aqueous dispersion (BMT-NV) and its in-situ gelling sub-conjunctival implant (BMT-NV-IM). For details on the preparation and evaluation of BMT-NV and its BMT-NV-IM for the control of glaucoma, please refer to 'Bimatoprost loaded nanovesicular long-acting sub-conjunctival in-situ gelling implant: In vitro and in vivo evaluation' (Yadav et al., 2019). The in vivo ocular toxicity was performed only after confirming dermal safety, as required by OECD. Histological evaluation of various ocular tissues, following sub-conjunctival implantation with BMT-NV-IM, was done for ocular tolerance studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Yadav
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Ana Guzman-Aranguez
- Faculty of Optics and Optometry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria J. Perez de Lara
- Faculty of Optics and Optometry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mandeep Singh
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Joga Singh
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Indu Pal Kaur
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
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35
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Updates in Ocular Antifungal Pharmacotherapy: Formulation and Clinical Perspectives. CURRENT FUNGAL INFECTION REPORTS 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s12281-019-00338-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Sahay P, Singhal D, Nagpal R, Maharana PK, Farid M, Gelman R, Sinha R, Agarwal T, Titiyal JS, Sharma N. Pharmacologic therapy of mycotic keratitis. Surv Ophthalmol 2019; 64:380-400. [DOI: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2019.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Rai M, Grupenmacher A, Ingle AP, Paralikar P, Gupta I, Alves M. Evolving nanotechnological trends in the management of mycotic keratitis. IET Nanobiotechnol 2019; 13:464-470. [PMCID: PMC8676592 DOI: 10.1049/iet-nbt.2018.5416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 09/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The alarming increase in global burden of various corneal diseases in general and mycotic keratitis in particular has raised up a major concern for its treatment. Mycotic keratitis is one of the most serious infections among the various ocular diseases. The proper diagnosis and effective treatment strategies remain a great challenge for ophthalmologists. The inefficacy and failure of conventional treatments have generated need to develop alternative approaches for the treatment of mycotic keratitis. Considering the promising applications of nanotechnology in biomedical area, it is believed that various nanomaterials can be effectively used in the management of mycotic keratitis. This review focuses on worldwide burden of various corneal diseases including mycotic keratitis and the role of nanotechnology in its treatment. In addition, safety and toxicological issues are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahendra Rai
- Nanobiotechnology LaboratoryDepartment of BiotechnologySant Gadge Baba Amravati UniversityAmravati444602MaharashtraIndia
| | | | - Avinash P. Ingle
- Department of BiotechnologyEngineering School of LorenaUniversity of Sao PauloLorenaSPBrazil
| | - Priti Paralikar
- Nanobiotechnology LaboratoryDepartment of BiotechnologySant Gadge Baba Amravati UniversityAmravati444602MaharashtraIndia
| | - Indarchand Gupta
- Nanobiotechnology LaboratoryDepartment of BiotechnologySant Gadge Baba Amravati UniversityAmravati444602MaharashtraIndia
- Department of BiotechnologyInstitute of ScienceAurangabad431004MaharashtraIndia
| | - Monica Alves
- Department of OphthalmologyUniversity of CampinasSPBrazil
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El-Nabarawi MA, Abd El Rehem RT, Teaima M, Abary M, El-Mofty HM, Khafagy MM, Lotfy NM, Salah M. Natamycin niosomes as a promising ocular nanosized delivery system with ketorolac tromethamine for dual effects for treatment of candida rabbit keratitis; in vitro/in vivo and histopathological studies. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2019; 45:922-936. [DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2019.1579827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Ahmed El-Nabarawi
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Randa Tag Abd El Rehem
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Teaima
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohammed Abary
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Mohamed M. Khafagy
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nancy M. Lotfy
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mona Salah
- Department of surgical pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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39
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Singh M, Guzman-Aranguez A, Hussain A, Srinivas CS, Kaur IP. Solid lipid nanoparticles for ocular delivery of isoniazid: evaluation, proof of concept and in vivo safety & kinetics. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2019; 14:465-491. [PMID: 30694726 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2018-0278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM Evaluation of solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) for ocular delivery of isoniazid (INH). MATERIALS & METHODS INH-SLNs were characterized for morphological, thermal, crystalline and nuclear magnetic resonance properties. In vitro release and ex vivo corneal permeability of INH-SLNs was also evaluated. Proof-of-concept uptake studies were performed in corneal and conjunctival cell lines and in vivo in rat eye using fluorescein-labeled SLNs. Antimycobacterial activity of INH-SLNs was confirmed. In vivo aqueous humor pharmacokinetics, toxicity and tolerance was performed in rabbit/rat eye. RESULTS INH-SLNs showed extended release (48 h), enhanced corneal permeability (1.6-times), five-times lower MIC, significant in vitro and in vivo uptake of fluorescein-labeled SLNs, 4.2-times ocular bioavailability (area under the curve) and in vivo acute and repeat dose safety. CONCLUSION INH-SLNs are an effective ocular delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandeep Singh
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Ana Guzman-Aranguez
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Faculty of Optics & Optometry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Afzal Hussain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand 835215, India
| | - Cheerneni S Srinivas
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education & Research Mohali, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Indu P Kaur
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
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40
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Abstract
Over the past decade, there has been a rise in the number of clinical cases of moderate to severe anterior segment ocular diseases. Conventional topical ophthalmic formulations have several limitations - to address which, novel drug-delivery systems are needed. Additionally, formidable physiological barriers limit ocular bioavailability through the topical route of application. During the last decade, various nano-scaled ocular drug-delivery strategies have been reported. Some of these exploratory, topical, noninvasive approaches have shown promise in improving penetration into the anterior segment tissues of the eye. In this article, we review the available literature with respect to the safety, efficiency and effectiveness of these nano systems.
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Lakhani P, Patil A, Majumdar S. Challenges in the Polyene- and Azole-Based Pharmacotherapy of Ocular Fungal Infections. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2018; 35:6-22. [PMID: 30481082 DOI: 10.1089/jop.2018.0089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyenes and azoles constitute 2 major drug classes in the antifungal armamentarium used to treat fungal infections of the eye such as fungal keratitis, endophthalmitis, conjunctivitis, and blepharitis. These classes of drugs have come to occupy an important niche in ophthalmic antifungal therapy due to their broad spectrum of activity against a variety of filamentous and yeast-like fungi. Natamycin suspension (Natacyn®), a polyene antifungal drug, is currently the only US FDA-approved formulation for treating ophthalmic fungal infections, whereas the other polyene and azole antifungals such as amphotericin B, fluconazole, itraconazole, ketoconazole, miconazole, voriconazole, and posaconazole are routinely used off-label in the clinical setting. Despite potent antifungal activity, the clinical utility of these agents in ophthalmic infections has been challenged by their physicochemical properties, the unique ocular anatomy and physiology, selective antifungal activity, ocular and systemic toxicity, emergence of resistance and cross-resistance, and absence of reliable techniques for developing a robust in vitro-in vivo correlation. This review discusses the aforementioned challenges and the common approaches undertaken to circumnavigate the difficulties associated with the polyene- and azole-based pharmacotherapy of ophthalmic fungal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prit Lakhani
- 1 Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Oxford, Mississippi.,2 Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Oxford, Mississippi
| | - Akash Patil
- 1 Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Oxford, Mississippi.,2 Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Oxford, Mississippi
| | - Soumyajit Majumdar
- 1 Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Oxford, Mississippi.,2 Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Oxford, Mississippi
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42
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Wang Y, Xu X, Gu Y, Cheng Y, Cao F. Recent advance of nanoparticle-based topical drug delivery to the posterior segment of the eye. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2018; 15:687-701. [PMID: 29985660 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2018.1496080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Considering that the number of patients afflicted by posterior eye diseases is increasing, effective drug delivery is currently in high clinical demand. Topical administration has been identified as the preferred option, while sufferingfrom multiple barriers. The development of nanoparticle-based drug delivery system provides an option, which would enhance the drug permeability across the barriers and achieve the desired drug level in the targeted tissue. AREAS COVERED This review highlights the barrier to the posterior segment of the eye via topical administration. The up-to-date development of lipid nanoparticles, liposomes, emulsions, spanlastics, micelles, polymeric nanoparticles, layered double hydroxides (LDH), dendrimers, cyclodextrins(CDs), and prodrugs are summarized. Moreover, nanocarriers currently in clinical trials for posterior segment diseases have been discussed. EXPERT OPINION Topical nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems have demonstrated significant progress. An ideal formulation should prolong retention time on the surface, enhance drug permeability through the ocular tissues, and efficiently deliver drugs to the targeted site. To design the rational targeting nanoparticle-based drug delivery system, a better understanding of the distribution of transporters and receptors on the eye is required. Ultimately, there is an urgent need to develop targeting hybrid drug delivery systems with the combination of the advantages of several nanocarriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Wang
- a Department of Pharmaceutical, School of Pharmacy , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , China
| | - Xiaoyue Xu
- a Department of Pharmaceutical, School of Pharmacy , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , China
| | - Yan Gu
- a Department of Pharmaceutical, School of Pharmacy , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , China
| | - Yanju Cheng
- b Department of Biologics R&D Center , Chia Tai Tianqing Pharmaceutical Group Co. Ltd , Nanjing , China
| | - Feng Cao
- a Department of Pharmaceutical, School of Pharmacy , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , China
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43
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In situ monitoring of nanoparticle formation: Antisolvent precipitation of azole anti-fungal drugs. Int J Pharm 2018; 543:201-213. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.03.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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44
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Puglia C, Blasi P, Ostacolo C, Sommella E, Bucolo C, Platania CBM, Romano GL, Geraci F, Drago F, Santonocito D, Albertini B, Campiglia P, Puglisi G, Pignatello R. Innovative Nanoparticles Enhance N-Palmitoylethanolamide Intraocular Delivery. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:285. [PMID: 29643808 PMCID: PMC5882782 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) loaded with palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) were formulated with the aim to enhance ocular bioavailability of PEA, particularly to the back of the eye. Technological characterization (e.g., size, charge) of NLC loaded with PEA formulation (PEA-NLC) was performed, and NLC morphology was characterized by electron microscopy. Ocular pharmacokinetic study, after topical administration of the formulation, was carried out in rabbit eye. Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry analysis was carried out to detect PEA levels in ocular tissues. Finally, the ocular tolerability of PEA-NLC formulation was assessed in rabbit eye. The novel formulation significantly increased PEA levels in ocular tissues compared to PEA suspension. Vitreous and retinal levels of PEA were significantly higher in the group treated with PEA-NLC formulation versus PEA suspension (PEA-NLC Cmax 5919 ± 541 pmol/g and 315 ± 70 pmol/g in vitreous and retina, respectively). The PEA-NLC formulation was characterized by high stability and robust ocular bioavailability. Therefore, this innovative formulation may be useful in clinical practice to manage retinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmelo Puglia
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.,NANO-i - Research Centre on Ocular Nanotechnology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Paolo Blasi
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Carmine Ostacolo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Claudio Bucolo
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.,Center for Research in Ocular Pharmacology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Chiara B M Platania
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Giovanni L Romano
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Health System, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Federica Geraci
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Filippo Drago
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.,Center for Research in Ocular Pharmacology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | | | - Barbara Albertini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Giovanni Puglisi
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.,NANO-i - Research Centre on Ocular Nanotechnology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Rosario Pignatello
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.,NANO-i - Research Centre on Ocular Nanotechnology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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45
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Janagam DR, Wu L, Lowe TL. Nanoparticles for drug delivery to the anterior segment of the eye. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2017; 122:31-64. [PMID: 28392306 PMCID: PMC6057481 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2017.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Revised: 04/02/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Commercially available ocular drug delivery systems are effective but less efficacious to manage diseases/disorders of the anterior segment of the eye. Recent advances in nanotechnology and molecular biology offer a great opportunity for efficacious ocular drug delivery for the treatments of anterior segment diseases/disorders. Nanoparticles have been designed for preparing eye drops or injectable solutions to surmount ocular obstacles faced after administration. Better drug pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, non-specific toxicity, immunogenicity, and biorecognition can be achieved to improve drug efficacy when drugs are loaded in the nanoparticles. Despite the fact that a number of review articles have been published at various points in the past regarding nanoparticles for drug delivery, there is not a review yet focusing on the development of nanoparticles for ocular drug delivery to the anterior segment of the eye. This review fills in the gap and summarizes the development of nanoparticles as drug carriers for improving the penetration and bioavailability of drugs to the anterior segment of the eye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dileep R Janagam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Linfeng Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Tao L Lowe
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA.
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46
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Alvarez-Trabado J, Diebold Y, Sanchez A. Designing lipid nanoparticles for topical ocular drug delivery. Int J Pharm 2017; 532:204-217. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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47
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Sharma G, Chopra K, Puri S, Bishnoi M, Rishi P, Kaur IP. Topical delivery of TRPsiRNA-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles confer reduced pain sensation via TRPV1 silencing, in rats. J Drug Target 2017; 26:135-149. [PMID: 28670930 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2017.1350857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Present work describes a novel composition for encapsulating TRPsiRNA (TRPV1-targeting siRNA) within lipid-matrix (4:1::glyceryl behnate:stearic acid) of SLNs, using suitably modified cold high-pressure homogenisation technique. Optimisation of the method and composition conducted using calf-thymus DNA (ctDNA), to avoid cost of TRPsiRNA molecules, resulted in small size (d50 = 50-100 nm) and high entrapment (77.22-98.5%). Complete masking of extreme negative charge of both ctDNA (-34.50 mV) and TRPsiRNA (-23.98 mV) upon encapsulation in SLNs without employing cationic components is reported herein for the first time. Diffusion-controlled release (90.17% at 72 h) from a rigid matrix shifted to porous matrix (at 24 h) due to solubilisation of stearic acid at 37 °C. Efficient in vitro (HEK293 T cells) and in vivo transfection and expression established the proof-of-concept. PEG600 as supporting-surfactant and vitrifying agent promoted small size, effective transfection and rupture of endosomal membrane to affect endosomal escape. Physiological efficacy in terms of significant increase (p < .0001) in paw-withdrawal-latency, following topical and intradermal application of TRPsiRNA-loaded SLNs, in rats, exposed to thermal hyperalgesia (145 and 182%, respectively) and capsaicin-induced pain (155 and 182%, respectively) indicate effective silencing of skin TRPV1. Significant decrease in intensity and duration (one-fifth) of capsaicin-induced nocifensive behaviour was also observed. Naked TRPsiRNA, however, did not show any effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Sharma
- a Department of Pharmaceutics , University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences Panjab University , Chandigarh , India
| | - Kanwaljit Chopra
- b Department of Pharmacology , University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences Panjab University , Chandigarh , India
| | - Sanjeev Puri
- c Department of Biotechnology , University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Panjab University , Chandigarh , India
| | - Mahendra Bishnoi
- d National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (Department of Biotechnology, Government of India) , SAS Nagar Mohali , Punjab , India
| | - Praveen Rishi
- e Department of Microbiology , Basic Medical Sciences Block, Panjab University , Chandigarh , India
| | - Indu P Kaur
- a Department of Pharmaceutics , University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences Panjab University , Chandigarh , India
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48
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Balguri SP, Adelli GR, Janga KY, Bhagav P, Majumdar S. Ocular disposition of ciprofloxacin from topical, PEGylated nanostructured lipid carriers: Effect of molecular weight and density of poly (ethylene) glycol. Int J Pharm 2017. [PMID: 28634139 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.06.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Ciprofloxacin (CIP) is an antibacterial agent prescribed for the treatment of ocular infections. The objective of the present project is to investigate the effect of surface PEG functionalization of the Nano structured lipid carriers (NLCs) on formulation stability, ocular penetration and distribution. CIP NLCs were tested with different molecular weight (poly ethylene glycol) PEGs ranging from (2K to 20K) grafted onto the phospholipid and with different chain lengths (14-18 carbons) of phospholipids derivatized with PEG-2K. Drug load in the formulations was maintained at 0.3%w/v. Formulations prepared were evaluated with respect to in vitro release, transcorneal permeation, autoclavability, morphological characteristics and in vivo ocular tissue distribution. Scanning Transmission electron microscopy (STEM) studies revealed that the PEG-CIP-NLCs were spherical in shape. Transcorneal penetration of CIP was optimum with PEG molecular weight in between 2K-10K. Carbon chain length of the phospholipid, however, did not affect transcorneal penetration of CIP. In vivo ocular tissue CIP concentrations attained from the various formulations was consistent with the in vitro data obtained. The results suggest that surface functionalization of PEGs, within a specified range of molecular weight and surface packing density, significantly enhance trans-ocular penetration and impart sterilization-stabilization characteristics into the formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Prachetan Balguri
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, MS, 38677, United States
| | - Goutham R Adelli
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, MS, 38677, United States
| | - Karthik Yadav Janga
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, MS, 38677, United States
| | - Prakash Bhagav
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, MS, 38677, United States
| | - Soumyajit Majumdar
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, MS, 38677, United States; Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, MS, 38677, United States.
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49
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Sharma A, Taniguchi J. Review: Emerging strategies for antimicrobial drug delivery to the ocular surface: Implications for infectious keratitis. Ocul Surf 2017; 15:670-679. [PMID: 28602948 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2017.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Revised: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Infectious keratitis is a medical emergency that can cause severe visual morbidity if not treated promptly. Depending upon the causative microorganism, effective management of infectious keratitis requires frequent application of antibacterial, antifungal, or antiviral eye drops, which may have low bioavailability, undesirable side effects, and poor patient compliance. Ocular formulations of antimicrobials that can increase corneal permeation and provide extended presence on ocular surface are being developed. Such formulations include nanoparticles, mucoadhesives, in situ forming hydrogels, and contact lenses. Testing of these formulations in in vitro models and ex vivo excised corneas, and in vivo rabbit testing have demonstrated increased bioavailability and extended presence on the cornea. Many of these formulations have also demonstrated success in treating infectious keratitis in animal models. However, the majority of studies have evaluated fluoroquinolone antibacterials, and more studies are needed to test the delivery of antifungal drugs. Moreover, additional efficacy data in animal models and future studies in humans to determine the duration of inhibitory concentrations of these antimicrobials in tear fluid will be required to prove the effectiveness of these formulations for clinical management of infectious keratitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Sharma
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Chapman University, Irvine, CA, USA.
| | - Jonathan Taniguchi
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Chapman University, Irvine, CA, USA
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50
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Abdelbary GA, Amin MM, Zakaria MY. Ocular ketoconazole-loaded proniosomal gels: formulation, ex vivo corneal permeation and in vivo studies. Drug Deliv 2017; 24:309-319. [PMID: 28165809 PMCID: PMC8241068 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2016.1247928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Context: Vesicular drug carriers for ocular delivery have gained a real potential. Proniosomal gels as ocular drug carriers have been proven to be an effective way to improve bioavailability and patient compliance. Objective: Formulation and in vitro/ex vivo/in vivo characterization of ketoconazole (KET)-loaded proniosomal gels for the treatment of ocular keratitis. Materials and methods: The effect of formulation variables; HLB value, type and concentration of non-ionic surfactants (Tweens, Spans, Brijs and Pluronics) with or without lecithin on the entrapment efficiency (EE%), vesicle size and in vitro KET release was evaluated. An ex vivo corneal permeation study to determine the level of KET in the external eye tissue of albino rabbits and an in vivo assessment of the level of KET in the aqueous humors were performed. Results and discussion: In vivo evaluation showed an increase in bioavailability up to 20-folds from the optimum KET proniosomal gel formula in the aqueous humor compared to drug suspension (KET-SP). The selected formulae were composed of spans being hydrophobic suggesting the potential use of a more hydrophobic surfactant as Span during the formulation of formulae. Factors that stabilize the vesicle membrane and increase the entrapment efficiency of KET (namely low HLB, long alkyl chain, high phase transition temperature) slowed down the release profile. Conclusions: Proniosomal gels as drug delivery carriers were proven to be a promising approach to increase corneal contact and permeation as well as retention time in the eye resulting in a sustained action and enhanced bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghada A Abdelbary
- a Department Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy , Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University , Cairo , Egypt and
| | - Maha M Amin
- a Department Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy , Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University , Cairo , Egypt and
| | - Mohamed Y Zakaria
- b Department Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy , Faculty of Pharmacy, Sinai University , Sinai , Egypt
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