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Fauiod OG, Fadel M, El-Hussein A, Fadeel DA. Aluminum Phthalocyanine tetrasulfonate conjugated to surface-modified Iron oxide nanoparticles as a magnetic targeting platform for photodynamic therapy of Ehrlich tumor-bearing mice. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2024:104356. [PMID: 39368768 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2024.104356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2024] [Revised: 09/23/2024] [Accepted: 10/02/2024] [Indexed: 10/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a targeted treatment option for cancers that are non-responding to ordinary anticancer therapies. It involves activating a photosensitizer with a light source of a specific wavelength to destroy targeted cells and their surrounding vasculature. Aluminum phthalocyanine tetra sulfonate (AlPcS4) has gained attention as a second-generation photosensitizer for its strong absorption in the red-light region. AlPcS4 can be conjugated to magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (IONs) to provide targeted drug delivery to the tumor cells while reducing its undesired effect on healthy tissues in other body parts. METHODS Magnetic glutamine functionalized iron oxide nanocomposites loaded with AlPcS4 (IONs-NH2-AlPcS4) were synthesized via the co-precipitation method. The conjugate (IONs-NH2-AlPcS4) was characterized by TEM, Zeta potential, DLS, FTIR, and UV-VIS absorption spectroscopy. Furthermore, its photodynamic activity was investigated using albino mice with induced Ehrlich solid tumors. RESULTS AlPcS4 was successfully conjugated to IONs-NH2 with a high loading efficiency of 54±2%. The synthesized conjugate exhibited a spherical shape, with 7±2 nm particle size. The In vivo experiment revealed that the albino mice with induced Ehrlich solid tumor that were treated by combined PDT and magnetic targeting conjugate exhibited significant tumor regression and notably higher levels of necrotic tissue compared to the animals in other groups. CONCLUSION PDT mediated by magnetic targeting significantly inhibited tumor growth with minimal adverse effects, indicating its great potential as a promising strategy for solid cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omnia G Fauiod
- Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Unit, Department of Medical Applications of Laser, National Institute of Laser Enhanced Sciences, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Maha Fadel
- Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Unit, Department of Medical Applications of Laser, National Institute of Laser Enhanced Sciences, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Ahmed El-Hussein
- Laser Applications in Metrology, Photochemistry and Agriculture unit, National Institute of Laser Enhanced Sciences, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt; Faculty of Science, Galala University
| | - Doaa Abdel Fadeel
- Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Unit, Department of Medical Applications of Laser, National Institute of Laser Enhanced Sciences, Cairo University, Egypt.
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2
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Morais JAV, Barros PHA, Brigido MDM, Marina CL, Bocca A, Mariano ADLES, Souza PEND, Paiva KLR, Simões MM, Bao SN, Camargo LC, Longo JPF, Morais AAC, Azevedo RBD, Fonseca MJP, Muehlmann LA. Direct and Abscopal Antitumor Responses Elicited by AlPcNE-Mediated Photodynamic Therapy in a Murine Melanoma Model. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:1177. [PMID: 39339213 PMCID: PMC11435272 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16091177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2024] [Revised: 08/19/2024] [Accepted: 08/25/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Melanoma, the most aggressive form of skin cancer, presents a major clinical challenge due to its tendency to metastasize and recalcitrance to traditional therapies. Despite advances in surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, the outlook for advanced melanoma remains bleak, reinforcing the urgent need for more effective treatments. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has emerged as a promising alternative, leading to targeted tumor destruction with minimal harm to surrounding tissues. In this study, the direct and abscopal antitumor effects of PDT in a bilateral murine melanoma model were evaluated. Although only one of the two tumors was treated, effects were observed in both. Our findings revealed significant changes in systemic inflammation and alterations in CD4+ and CD8+ T cell populations in treated groups, as evidenced by blood analyses and flow cytometry. High-throughput RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) further unveiled shifts in gene expression profiles in both treated and untreated tumors. This research sheds light on the novel antitumor and abscopal effects of nanoemulsion of aluminum chloride phthalocyanine (AlPcNE)-mediated PDT in melanoma, highlighting the potential of different PDT protocols to modulate immune responses and to achieve more effective and targeted cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Athayde Vasconcelos Morais
- Laboratory of Nanoscience and Immunology, Faculty of Ceilandia, University of Brasilia Ceilandia Sul, Brasilia 72220-275, DF, Brazil
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Mutagenesis, Department of Genetics and Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70910-900, DF, Brazil
| | - Pedro H A Barros
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70910-900, DF, Brazil
| | - Marcelo de Macedo Brigido
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70910-900, DF, Brazil
| | - Clara Luna Marina
- Laboratory of Applied Immunology, Institute of Biology Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70910-900, DF, Brazil
| | - Anamelia Bocca
- Laboratory of Applied Immunology, Institute of Biology Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70910-900, DF, Brazil
| | - André de Lima E Silva Mariano
- Laboratory for Softwares and Physics Instrumentation Development, Institute of Physics, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70910-900, DF, Brazil
| | - Paulo E N de Souza
- Laboratory for Softwares and Physics Instrumentation Development, Institute of Physics, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70910-900, DF, Brazil
| | - Karen L R Paiva
- Laboratory of Microscopy and Microanalysis, Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70910-900, DF, Brazil
| | - Marina Mesquita Simões
- Laboratory of Microscopy and Microanalysis, Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70910-900, DF, Brazil
| | - Sonia Nair Bao
- Laboratory of Microscopy and Microanalysis, Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70910-900, DF, Brazil
| | - Luana C Camargo
- Laboratory of Nanoscience and Nanobiotechnology, Department of Genetics and Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70910-900, DF, Brazil
| | - João P Figueiró Longo
- Laboratory of Nanoscience and Nanobiotechnology, Department of Genetics and Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70910-900, DF, Brazil
| | - Amanda Alencar Cabral Morais
- Laboratory of Nanoscience and Nanobiotechnology, Department of Genetics and Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70910-900, DF, Brazil
| | - Ricardo B de Azevedo
- Laboratory of Nanoscience and Nanobiotechnology, Department of Genetics and Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70910-900, DF, Brazil
| | - Marcio J P Fonseca
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Mutagenesis, Department of Genetics and Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70910-900, DF, Brazil
| | - Luis A Muehlmann
- Laboratory of Nanoscience and Immunology, Faculty of Ceilandia, University of Brasilia Ceilandia Sul, Brasilia 72220-275, DF, Brazil
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Nogueira KAB, Reis AVF, de Oliveira YS, Miranda JIS, Tedesco AC, Ayala AP, Pessoa C, Eloy JO, da Silva Júnior IJ, Petrilli R. Development of Liposomes Loaded with Chloroaluminum Phthalocyanine for Application of Photodynamic Therapy in Breast Cancer. J Pharm Sci 2024; 113:2420-2432. [PMID: 38705465 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2024.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Chloraluminium phthalocyanine (ClAlPc) has potential therapeutic effect for the treatment of cancer; however, the molecule is lipophilic and may present self-aggregation which limits its clinical success. Thus, nanocarriers like liposomes can improve ClAlPc solubility, reduce off-site toxicity and increase circulation time. For this purpose, developing suitable liposomes requires the evaluation of different lipid compositions. Herein, we aimed to develop liposomes containing soy phosphatidylcholine (SPC), 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero- 3-phosphoethanolamine-N-[amino(polyethylene glycol)-2000] (DSPEPEG2000), cholesterol and oleic acid loaded with ClAlPc using the surface response methodology and the Box-Behnken design. Liposomes with particle size from 110.93 to 374.97 nm and PdI from 0.265 to 0.468 were obtained. The optimized formulation resulted in 69.09 % of ClAlPc encapsulated, with particle size and polydispersity index, respectively, at 153.20 nm and 0.309, providing stability and aggregation control. Atomic force microscopy revealed vesicles in a spherical or almost spherical shape, while the analyzes by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Powder X-ray Diffraction (PXRD), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) suggested that the drug was adequately incorporated into the lipid bilayer of liposomes, in its amorphous state or molecularly dispersed. In vitro studies conducted in breast cancer cells (4T1) showed that liposome improved phototoxicity compared to the ClAlPc solution. ClAlPc-loaded liposomes also enhanced the production of ROS 3-fold compared to the ClAlPc solution. Finally, confocal microscopy and flow cytometry demonstrated the ability of the liposomes to enter cells and deliver the fluorescent ClAlPc photosensitizer with dose and time-dependent effects. Thus, this work showed that Box-Behnken factorial design was an effective strategy for optimizing formulation development. The obtained ClAlPc liposomes can be applied for photodynamic therapy in breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alice Vitoria Frota Reis
- Federal University of Ceará, Faculty of Pharmacy, Dentistry and Nursing, Department of Pharmacy, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Yara Santiago de Oliveira
- Institute of Health Sciences, University for International Integration of the Afro-Brazilian Lusophony, Redenção, Ceará, Brazil
| | | | - Antonio Claudio Tedesco
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering -Photobiology and Photomedicine Research Group, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and, Letters of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14040-901, Brazil
| | | | - Claudia Pessoa
- Federal University of Ceará, College of Medicine, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Josimar O Eloy
- Federal University of Ceará, Faculty of Pharmacy, Dentistry and Nursing, Department of Pharmacy, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | | | - Raquel Petrilli
- Institute of Health Sciences, University for International Integration of the Afro-Brazilian Lusophony, Redenção, Ceará, Brazil; Federal University of Ceará, Pharmaceutical Sciences graduate course, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.
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Nkune NW, Abrahamse H. Combinatorial approach of cannabidiol and active-targeted-mediated photodynamic therapy in malignant melanoma treatment. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2024:e202400191. [PMID: 39074910 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202400191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
Malignant melanoma (MM) continues to claim millions of lives around the world due to its limited therapeutic alternatives. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has gained popularity in cancer treatment due it increased potency and low off-target toxicity. Studies have pointed out that the heterogeneity of MM tumours reduces the efficacy of current therapeutic approaches, including PDT, leading to high chances of recurrences post-treatment. Accumulating evidence suggests that cannabidiol (CBD), a non-psychoactive derivative of cannabis, can synergise with various anticancer agents to increase their efficacy. However, CBD demonstrates low bioavailability, which is attributed to factors relating to poor water compatibility, poor absorption and rapid metabolism. Nanotechnology offers tools that address these issues and enhance the biological efficiency and targeted specificity of anticancer agents. Herein, we highlighted the standard therapeutic modalities of MM and their pitfalls, as well as pointed out the need for further investigation into PDT combination therapy with CBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nkune Williams Nkune
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, South Africa
| | - Heidi Abrahamse
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, South Africa
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Mohanty S, Desai VM, Jain R, Agrawal M, Dubey SK, Singhvi G. Unveiling the potential of photodynamic therapy with nanocarriers as a compelling therapeutic approach for skin cancer treatment: current explorations and insights. RSC Adv 2024; 14:21915-21937. [PMID: 38989245 PMCID: PMC11234503 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra02564d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Skin carcinoma is one of the most prevalent types of carcinomas. Due to high incidence of side effects in conventional therapies (radiotherapy and chemotherapy), photodynamic therapy (PDT) has gained huge attention as an alternate treatment strategy. PDT involves the administration of photosensitizers (PS) to carcinoma cells which produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) on irradiation by specific wavelengths of light that result in cancer cells' death via apoptosis, autophagy, or necrosis. Topical delivery of PS to the skin cancer cells at the required concentration is a challenge due to the compounds' innate physicochemical characteristics. Nanocarriers have been observed to improve skin permeability and enhance the therapeutic efficiency of PDT. Polymeric nanoparticles (NPs), metallic NPs, and lipid nanocarriers have been reported to carry PS successfully with minimal side effects and high effectiveness in both melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers. Advanced carriers such as quantum dots, microneedles, and cubosomes have also been addressed with reported studies to show their scope of use in PDT-assisted skin cancer treatment. In this review, nanocarrier-aided PDT in skin cancer therapies has been discussed with clinical trials and patents. Additionally, novel nanocarriers that are being investigated in PDT are also covered with their future prospects in skin carcinoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shambo Mohanty
- Industrial Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, FD-III, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani (BITS-PILANI) Pilani Campus, Vidya Vihar Pilani Rajasthan 333031 India
| | - Vaibhavi Meghraj Desai
- Industrial Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, FD-III, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani (BITS-PILANI) Pilani Campus, Vidya Vihar Pilani Rajasthan 333031 India
| | - Rupesh Jain
- Industrial Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, FD-III, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani (BITS-PILANI) Pilani Campus, Vidya Vihar Pilani Rajasthan 333031 India
| | - Mukta Agrawal
- School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, NMIMS Hyderabad India
| | | | - Gautam Singhvi
- Industrial Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, FD-III, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani (BITS-PILANI) Pilani Campus, Vidya Vihar Pilani Rajasthan 333031 India
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Dragicevic N, Predic-Atkinson J, Nikolic B, Pajovic SB, Ivkovic S, Adzic M. Nanocarriers in topical photodynamic therapy. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2024; 21:279-307. [PMID: 38349540 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2024.2318460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has gained significant attention due to its superiority over conventional treatments. In the context of skin cancers and nonmalignant skin diseases, topical application of photosensitizer formulations onto affected skin, followed by illumination, offers distinct advantages. Topical PDT simplifies therapy by providing easy access to the skin, increasing drug concentration within the target area, and confining residual photosensitivity to the treated skin. However, the effectiveness of topical PDT is often hindered by challenges such as limited skin penetration or photosensitizer instability. Additionally, the hypoxic tumor environment poses further limitations. Nanocarriers present a promising solution to address these challenges. AREAS COVERED The objective of this review is to comprehensively explore and highlight the role of various nanocarriers in advancing topical PDT for the treatment of skin diseases. The primary focus is to address the challenges associated with conventional topical PDT approaches and demonstrate how nanotechnology-based strategies can overcome these challenges, thereby improving the overall efficiency and efficacy of PDT. EXPERT OPINION Nanotechnology has revolutionized the field of PDT, offering innovative tools to combat the unfavorable features of photosensitizers and hurdles in PDT. Nanocarriers enhance skin penetration and stability of photosensitizers, provide controlled drug release, reduce needed dose, increase production of reactive oxygen species, while reducing side effects, thereby improving PDT effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Dragicevic
- Department of Pharmacy, Singidunum University, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Bojan Nikolic
- Faculty of Health and Business studies, Singidunum University, Valjevo, Serbia
| | - Snezana B Pajovic
- Institute of Nuclear sciences "Vinča", National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sanja Ivkovic
- Institute of Nuclear sciences "Vinča", National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Miroslav Adzic
- Institute of Nuclear sciences "Vinča", National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Saeidi Z, Giti R, Rostami M, Mohammadi F. Nanotechnology-Based Drug Delivery Systems in the Transdermal Treatment of Melanoma. Adv Pharm Bull 2023; 13:646-662. [PMID: 38022807 PMCID: PMC10676549 DOI: 10.34172/apb.2023.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence rate of melanoma is dramatically increasing worldwide, raising it to the fifth most common cancer in men and the sixth in women currently. Resistance generally occurs to the agents used in chemotherapy; besides their high toxicity destroys the normal cells. This study reviewed a detailed summary of the structure, advantages, and disadvantages of nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems in the treatment of melanoma, as well as some nanocarrier applications in animal models or clinical studies. Respective databases were searched for the target keywords and 93 articles were reviewed and discussed. A close study of the liposomes, niosomes, transferosomes, ethosomes, transethosomes, cubosomes, dendrimers, cyclodextrins, solid lipid nanoparticles, and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) was conducted. It was found that these nanocarriers could inhibit metastasis and migration of melanoma cells and decrease cell viability. Conclusively, some nanocarriers like liposomes, niosomes, and transferosomes have been discussed as superior to conventional therapies for melanoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Saeidi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Rashin Giti
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Rostami
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Farhad Mohammadi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
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Hasan N, Nadaf A, Imran M, Jiba U, Sheikh A, Almalki WH, Almujri SS, Mohammed YH, Kesharwani P, Ahmad FJ. Skin cancer: understanding the journey of transformation from conventional to advanced treatment approaches. Mol Cancer 2023; 22:168. [PMID: 37803407 PMCID: PMC10559482 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-023-01854-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Skin cancer is a global threat to the healthcare system and is estimated to incline tremendously in the next 20 years, if not diagnosed at an early stage. Even though it is curable at an early stage, novel drug identification, clinical success, and drug resistance is another major challenge. To bridge the gap and bring effective treatment, it is important to understand the etiology of skin carcinoma, the mechanism of cell proliferation, factors affecting cell growth, and the mechanism of drug resistance. The current article focusses on understanding the structural diversity of skin cancers, treatments available till date including phytocompounds, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, photothermal therapy, surgery, combination therapy, molecular targets associated with cancer growth and metastasis, and special emphasis on nanotechnology-based approaches for downregulating the deleterious disease. A detailed analysis with respect to types of nanoparticles and their scope in overcoming multidrug resistance as well as associated clinical trials has been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazeer Hasan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Arif Nadaf
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Mohammad Imran
- Frazer Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4102, Australia
| | - Umme Jiba
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Afsana Sheikh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Waleed H Almalki
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, 24381, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salem Salman Almujri
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, 61421, Asir-Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Prashant Kesharwani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India.
- Center for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Kuthambakkam, India.
| | - Farhan Jalees Ahmad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India.
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Udrea AM, Smarandache A, Dinache A, Mares C, Nistorescu S, Avram S, Staicu A. Photosensitizers-Loaded Nanocarriers for Enhancement of Photodynamic Therapy in Melanoma Treatment. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2124. [PMID: 37631339 PMCID: PMC10460031 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15082124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignant melanoma poses a significant global health burden. It is the most aggressive and lethal form of skin cancer, attributed to various risk factors such as UV radiation exposure, genetic modifications, chemical carcinogens, immunosuppression, and fair complexion. Photodynamic therapy is a promising minimally invasive treatment that uses light to activate a photosensitizer, resulting in the formation of reactive oxygen species, which ultimately promote cell death. When selecting photosensitizers for melanoma photodynamic therapy, the presence of melanin should be considered. Melanin absorbs visible radiation similar to most photosensitizers and has antioxidant properties, which undermines the reactive species generated in photodynamic therapy processes. These characteristics have led to further research for new photosensitizing platforms to ensure better treatment results. The development of photosensitizers has advanced with the use of nanotechnology, which plays a crucial role in enhancing solubility, optical absorption, and tumour targeting. This paper reviews the current approaches (that use the synergistic effect of different photosensitizers, nanocarriers, chemotherapeutic agents) in the photodynamic therapy of melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Maria Udrea
- Lasers Department, National Institute for Lasers, Plasma and Radiation Physics, 409 Atomistilor Str., 077125 Magurele, Romania; (A.M.U.); (A.D.); (S.N.)
- Department of Anatomy, Animal Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 91-95 Splaiul Independentei, 050095 Bucharest, Romania; (C.M.); (S.A.)
| | - Adriana Smarandache
- Lasers Department, National Institute for Lasers, Plasma and Radiation Physics, 409 Atomistilor Str., 077125 Magurele, Romania; (A.M.U.); (A.D.); (S.N.)
| | - Andra Dinache
- Lasers Department, National Institute for Lasers, Plasma and Radiation Physics, 409 Atomistilor Str., 077125 Magurele, Romania; (A.M.U.); (A.D.); (S.N.)
| | - Catalina Mares
- Department of Anatomy, Animal Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 91-95 Splaiul Independentei, 050095 Bucharest, Romania; (C.M.); (S.A.)
| | - Simona Nistorescu
- Lasers Department, National Institute for Lasers, Plasma and Radiation Physics, 409 Atomistilor Str., 077125 Magurele, Romania; (A.M.U.); (A.D.); (S.N.)
| | - Speranta Avram
- Department of Anatomy, Animal Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 91-95 Splaiul Independentei, 050095 Bucharest, Romania; (C.M.); (S.A.)
| | - Angela Staicu
- Lasers Department, National Institute for Lasers, Plasma and Radiation Physics, 409 Atomistilor Str., 077125 Magurele, Romania; (A.M.U.); (A.D.); (S.N.)
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Jindal M, Kaur M, Nagpal M, Singh M, Aggarwal G, Dhingra GA. Skin Cancer Management: Current Scenario And Future Perspectives. Curr Drug Saf 2023; 18:143-158. [PMID: 35422227 DOI: 10.2174/1574886317666220413113959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Skin cancer is a life-threatening disease and has caused significant loss to human health across the globe. Its prevalence has been increasing every year and is one of the common malignancies in the case of organ transplant recipients, of which 95% constitute basal cell and squamous cell carcinomas. The prime factor causing skin cancer is UV radiation. Around the 20th century, sunlight was the primary cause of skin cancer. A novel hypothesis by US scientists stated that cutaneous melanoma was mainly due to recurrent exposure to the sun, whereas keratinocyte cancer occurred due to progressive accumulation of sun exposure. Management of skin cancer is done via various approaches, including cryotherapy, radiotherapy, and photodynamic therapy. Post-discovery of X-rays, radiotherapy has proven to treat skin cancers to some extent, but the indications are uncertain since it depends upon the type of tumour and surgical treatment required for the patient. Due to various limitations of skin cancer treatment and increased severity, there is a requirement for cost-effective, novel, and efficient treatment. Various nanocarriers such as SLNs, magnetic nanoparticles, gold nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes, etc., are the potential carriers in the management and prognosis of both non-melanoma and melanoma skin cancer. Various research and review databases and patent reports have been studied, and information compiled to extract the results. The review also discusses the role of various nanocarriers in treating and diagnosing skin cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehak Jindal
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Chandigarh-Patiala National Highway, Rajpura, India
| | - Malkiet Kaur
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Chandigarh-Patiala National Highway, Rajpura, India
| | - Manju Nagpal
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University
| | - Manjinder Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Chandigarh-Patiala National Highway, Rajpura, India
| | - Geeta Aggarwal
- Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, Pushp Vihar, Sector-3 MB Road, New Delhi 110017, India
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Theranostic Properties of Crystalline Aluminum Phthalocyanine Nanoparticles as a Photosensitizer. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14102122. [PMID: 36297557 PMCID: PMC9611939 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14102122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The study of phthalocyanines, known photosensitizers, for biomedical applications has been of high research interest for several decades. Of specific interest, nanophotosensitizers are crystalline aluminum phthalocyanine nanoparticles (AlPc NPs). In crystalline form, they are water-insoluble and atoxic, but upon contact with tumors, immune cells, or pathogenic microflora, they change their spectroscopic properties (acquire the ability to fluoresce and become phototoxic), which makes them upcoming agents for selective phototheranostics. Aqueous colloids of crystalline AlPc NPs with a hydrodynamic size of 104 ± 54 nm were obtained using ultrasonic dispersal and centrifugation. Intracellular accumulation and localization of AlPc were studied on HeLa and THP-1 cell cultures and macrophages (M0, M1, M2) by fluorescence microscopy. Crystallinity was assessed by XRD spectroscopy. Time-resolved spectroscopy was used to obtain characteristic fluorescence kinetics of AlPc NPs upon interaction with cell cultures. The photodynamic efficiency and fluorescence quantum yield of AlPc NPs in HeLa and THP-1 cells were evaluated. After entering the cells, AlPc NPs localized in lysosomes and fluorescence corresponding to individual AlPc molecules were observed, as well as destruction of lysosomes and a rapid decrease in fluorescence intensity during photodynamic action. The photodynamic efficiency of AlPc NPs in THP-1 cells was almost 1.8-fold that of the molecular form of AlPc (Photosens). A new mechanism for the occurrence of fluorescence and phototoxicity of AlPc NPs in interaction with cells is proposed.
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12
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Almeida EDP, Santos Silva LA, de Araujo GRS, Montalvão MM, Matos SS, da Cunha Gonsalves JKM, de Souza Nunes R, de Meneses CT, Oliveira Araujo RG, Sarmento VHV, De Lucca W, Correa CB, Rodrigues JJ, Lira AAM. Chitosan-functionalized nanostructured lipid carriers containing chloroaluminum phthalocyanine for photodynamic therapy of skin cancer. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2022; 179:221-231. [PMID: 36122783 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2022.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to obtain optimized nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) functionalized with chitosan containing chloroaluminum phthalocyanine (ClAlPc) as a photosensitizer. Initially, the optimization of the preparation method of the NLC was performed, where the influence of different surfactants such as PVA and Tween 80, as well as different solid lipids such as stearic acid and Glycerol Monostearate (GM) was evaluated. The formulation containing GM and PVA (NLC10) was considered promising. Following, by the adsorption method (NLC10q), the formulation was functionalized with chitosan and characterized. NLC10 and NLC10q presented sizes of 131.5 and 231.5 nm, and ZP of -24.30 and + 19.96 mV, respectively. The encapsulation efficiency of NLC10q was 96 %, higher than NLC10 (79 %). The formulations were able to promote significant cutaneous retention of ClAlPc, after 2 h and 4 h of the study, and showed to be non-toxic to fibroblasts (biocompatible). PDT in BF16-F10 melanoma resulted in reduced cell viability to 70 % and 50 % for NLC10 and NLCq, respectively. In view of the results obtained, NLC showed to be promising in the treatment of skin cancer through PDT. NLC10q showed higher encapsulation efficiency and stability than NLC10, but, contrary to what was expected, it presented lower photodynamic efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luiz André Santos Silva
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe 49100-00, Brazil
| | | | | | - Saulo Santos Matos
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe 49100-00, Brazil
| | | | - Rogéria de Souza Nunes
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe 49100-00, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Waldecy De Lucca
- Department of Morphology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe 49100-000, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Bani Correa
- Department of Morphology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe 49100-000, Brazil
| | - José Joatan Rodrigues
- Department of Physics, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe 49100-000, Brazil
| | - Ana Amélia Moreira Lira
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe 49100-00, Brazil.
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Lopes J, Rodrigues CMP, Gaspar MM, Reis CP. Melanoma Management: From Epidemiology to Treatment and Latest Advances. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:4652. [PMID: 36230575 PMCID: PMC9562203 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14194652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is the deadliest skin cancer, whose morbidity and mortality indicators show an increasing trend worldwide. In addition to its great heterogeneity, melanoma has a high metastatic potential, resulting in very limited response to therapies currently available, which were restricted to surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy for many years. Advances in knowledge about the pathophysiological mechanisms of the disease have allowed the development of new therapeutic classes, such as immune checkpoint and small molecule kinase inhibitors. However, despite the incontestable progress in the quality of life and survival rates of the patients, effectiveness is still far from desired. Some adverse side effects and resistance mechanisms are the main barriers. Thus, the search for better options has resulted in many clinical trials that are now investigating new drugs and/or combinations. The low water solubility of drugs, low stability and rapid metabolism limit the clinical potential and therapeutic use of some compounds. Thus, the research of nanotechnology-based strategies is being explored as the basis for the broad application of different types of nanosystems in the treatment of melanoma. Future development focus on challenges understanding the mechanisms that make these nanosystems more effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Lopes
- Research Institute for Medicines, iMed.ULisboa—Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Professor Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Cecília M. P. Rodrigues
- Research Institute for Medicines, iMed.ULisboa—Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Professor Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Maria Manuela Gaspar
- Research Institute for Medicines, iMed.ULisboa—Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Professor Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Catarina Pinto Reis
- Research Institute for Medicines, iMed.ULisboa—Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Professor Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
- Instituto de Biofísica e Engenharia Biomédica, IBEB, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
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14
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Makuch S, Dróżdż M, Makarec A, Ziółkowski P, Woźniak M. An Update on Photodynamic Therapy of Psoriasis—Current Strategies and Nanotechnology as a Future Perspective. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179845. [PMID: 36077239 PMCID: PMC9456335 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis (PS) is an immune-mediated skin disease with substantial negative effects on patient quality of life. Despite significant progress in the development of novel treatment options over the past few decades, a high percentage of patients with psoriasis remain undertreated and require new medications with superior long-term efficacy and safety. One of the most promising treatment options against psoriatic lesions is a form of phototherapy known as photodynamic therapy (PDT), which involves either the systemic or local application of a cell-targeting photosensitizing compound, followed by selective illumination of the lesion with visible light. However, the effectiveness of clinically incorporated photosensitizers in psoriasis treatment is limited, and adverse effects such as pain or burning sensations are frequently reported. In this study, we performed a literature review and attempted to provide a pooled estimate of the efficacy and short-term safety of targeted PDT in the treatment of psoriasis. Despite some encouraging results, PDT remains clinically underutilized. This highlights the need for further studies that will aim to evaluate the efficacy of a wider spectrum of photosensitizers and the potential of nanotechnology in psoriasis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Makuch
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Mateusz Dróżdż
- Laboratory of RNA Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Alicja Makarec
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Ziółkowski
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Marta Woźniak
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland
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15
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How to Treat Melanoma? The Current Status of Innovative Nanotechnological Strategies and the Role of Minimally Invasive Approaches like PTT and PDT. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14091817. [PMID: 36145569 PMCID: PMC9504126 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14091817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is the most aggressive type of skin cancer, the incidence and mortality of which are increasing worldwide. Its extensive degree of heterogeneity has limited its response to existing therapies. For many years the therapeutic strategies were limited to surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. Fortunately, advances in knowledge have allowed the development of new therapeutic strategies. Despite the undoubted progress, alternative therapies are still under research. In this context, nanotechnology is also positioned as a strong and promising tool to develop nanosystems that act as drug carriers and/or light absorbents to potentially improve photothermal and photodynamic therapies outcomes. This review describes the latest advances in nanotechnology field in the treatment of melanoma from 2011 to 2022. The challenges in the translation of nanotechnology-based therapies to clinical applications are also discussed. To sum up, great progress has been made in the field of nanotechnology-based therapies, and our understanding in this field has greatly improved. Although few therapies based on nanoparticulate systems have advanced to clinical trials, it is expected that a large number will come into clinical use in the near future. With its high sensitivity, specificity, and multiplexed measurement capacity, it provides great opportunities to improve melanoma treatment, which will ultimately lead to enhanced patient survival rates.
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Kumari S, Choudhary PK, Shukla R, Sahebkar A, Kesharwani P. Recent advances in nanotechnology based combination drug therapy for skin cancer. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE. POLYMER EDITION 2022; 33:1435-1468. [PMID: 35294334 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2022.2054399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Skin-cancer (SC) is more common than all other cancers affecting large percentage of the population in the world and is increasing in terms of morbidity and mortality. In the United States, 3million people are affected by SC annually whereas millions of people are affected globally. Melanoma is fifth most common cancer in the United States. SC is commonly occurred in white people as per WHO. SC is divided into two groups, i.e. melanoma and non-melanoma. In the previous two decades, management of cancer remains to be a tough and a challenging task for many scholars. Presently, the treatment protocols are mostly based on surgery and chemo-radiation therapy, which sooner or later harm the unaffected cells too. To reduce these limitations, nano scaled materials and its extensive range may be recognized as the probable carriers for the selective drug delivery in response to cancerous cells. Recently, the nanocarriers based drugs and their combinations were found to be a new and interesting approach of study for the management of skin carcinoma to enhance the effectiveness, to lessen the dose-dependent side effects and to avoid the drug resistance. This review may emphasize on the wide-range of information on nanotechnology-based drugs and their combination with physical techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Kumari
- Department of Biochemical Engineering & Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Rahul Shukla
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Raebareli, Lucknow, U.P., India
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Prashant Kesharwani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
- University Institute of Pharma Sciences, Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab, India
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17
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Malik Z, Parveen R, Abass S, Irfan Dar M, Husain SA, Ahmad S. Receptor-Mediated Targeting in Breast Cancer through Solid Lipid Nanoparticles and Its Mechanism. Curr Drug Metab 2022; 23:800-817. [PMID: 35430962 DOI: 10.2174/1389200223666220416213639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles have gained prominence in many areas and domains worldwide, such as metallic NP, carbon dots, quantum dots, polymeric NP, nano-suspension, nanocrystals, solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN), etc. and have been applied in the field of medicine as nanomedicine with promising results. Rise in cancer mortality rate has been an issue for a long time with female breast cancer as one of the most detected cancers. No permanent treatment has been developed till date could combat breast cancer with minimum side effects that are not long-lasting as there is no proper technique through which the anticancer drugs can recognize benign or malignant or normal cells that causes systematic toxicity. Advancement in technology has led to the discovery of many biological pathways and mechanisms. Tumor cells or cancer cells overexpress some high-affinity receptors that can be targeted to deliver the anticancer drugs at specific site using these pathways and mechanisms. Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) are among some of the excellent drug delivery systems, especially stealth SLN (sSLN). SLN, when conjugated with a ligand (called as sSLN), has affinity and specificity towards a specific receptor, and can deliver the drug in breast cancer cells overexpressing the receptors. Using this technique, various investigations have reported better anti-breast cancer activity than simple SLN (non-conjugated to ligand or no receptor targeting). This review includes the investigations and data on receptor-mediated targeting in breast cancer from 2010 to 2021 by searching different databases. Overall, information on SLN in different cancers is reviewed. In vivo investigations, pharmacokinetics, biodistribution, and stability are discussed to describe the efficacy of sSLN. Investigations included in this review demonstrate that sSLN delivers the drug by overcoming the biological barriers and shows enhanced and better activity than non-conjugated SLN which also verifies that a lesser concentration of drug can show anti-breast cancer activity. The efficacy of medicines could be increased with lower cancer deaths through stealth-SLN. Due to the low cost of synthesis, biocompatibility and easy to formulate, more study is needed in vitro and in vivo so that this novel technique could be utilized in the treatment of human breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoya Malik
- Human Genetics Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi-110025, India.,Bioactive Natural Product Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi-110062, India
| | - Rabea Parveen
- Human Genetics Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi-110025, India.,Bioactive Natural Product Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi-110062, India
| | - Sageer Abass
- Human Genetics Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi-110025, India.,Bioactive Natural Product Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi-110062, India
| | - Mohammad Irfan Dar
- Bioactive Natural Product Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi-110062, India.,Proteomics and Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi-110025, India
| | - Syed Akhtar Husain
- Human Genetics Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi-110025, India
| | - Sayeed Ahmad
- Bioactive Natural Product Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi-110062, India
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18
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Ratkaj I, Mušković M, Malatesti N. Targeting Microenvironment of Melanoma and Head and Neck Cancers
in Photodynamic Therapy. Curr Med Chem 2022; 29:3261-3299. [DOI: 10.2174/0929867328666210709113032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Photodynamic therapy (PDT), in comparison to other skin cancers,
is still far less effective for melanoma, due to the strong absorbance and the role of
melanin in cytoprotection. The tumour microenvironment (TME) has a significant role in
tumour progression, and the hypoxic TME is one of the main reasons for melanoma progression
to metastasis and its resistance to PDT. Hypoxia is also a feature of solid tumours
in the head and neck region that indicates negative prognosis.
Objective:
The aim of this study was to individuate and describe systematically the main
strategies in targeting the TME, especially hypoxia, in PDT against melanoma and head
and neck cancers (HNC), and assess the current success in their application.
Methods:
PubMed was used for searching, in MEDLINE and other databases, for the
most recent publications on PDT against melanoma and HNC in combination with the
TME targeting and hypoxia.
Results:
In PDT for melanoma and HNC, it is very important to control hypoxia levels,
and amongst the different approaches, oxygen self-supply systems are often applied. Vascular
targeting is promising, but to improve it, optimal drug-light interval, and formulation
to increase the accumulation of the photosensitiser in the tumour vasculature, have to
be established. On the other side, the use of angiogenesis inhibitors, such as those interfering
with VEGF signalling, is somewhat less successful than expected and needs to be
further investigated.
Conclusion:
The combination of PDT with immunotherapy by using multifunctional nanoparticles
continues to develop and seems to be the most promising for achieving a
complete and lasting antitumour effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Ratkaj
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Martina Mušković
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Nela Malatesti
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
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19
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Castro KADF, Prandini JA, Biazzotto JC, Tomé JPC, da Silva RS, Lourenço LMO. The Surprisingly Positive Effect of Zinc-Phthalocyanines With High Photodynamic Therapy Efficacy of Melanoma Cancer. Front Chem 2022; 10:825716. [PMID: 35360535 PMCID: PMC8964275 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.825716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Phthalocyanine (Pc) dyes are photoactive molecules that can absorb and emit light in the visible spectrum, especially in the red region of the spectrum, with great potential for biological scopes. For this target, it is important to guarantee a high Pc solubility, and the use of suitable pyridinium units on their structure can be a good strategy to use effective photosensitizers (PSs) for photodynamic therapy (PDT) against cancer cells. Zn(II) phthalocyanines (ZnPcs) conjugated with thiopyridinium units (1–3) were evaluated as PS drugs against B16F10 melanoma cells, and their photophysical, photochemical, and in vitro photobiological properties were determined. The photodynamic efficiency of the tetra- and octa-cationic ZnPcs 1–3 was studied and compared at 1, 2, 5, 10, and 20 µM. The different number of charge units, and the presence/absence of a-F atoms on the Pc structure, contributes for their PDT efficacy. The 3-(4′,5′-dimethylthiazol-2′-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assays on B16F10 melanoma cells show a moderate to high capacity to be photoinactivated by ZnPcs 1–3 (ZnPc 1 > ZnPc 2 > ZnPc 3). The best PDT conditions were found at a Pc concentration of 20 μM, under red light (λ = 660 ± 20 nm) at an irradiance of 4.5 mW/cm2 for 667 s (light dose of 3 J/cm2). In these conditions, it is noteworthy that the cationic ZnPc 1 shows a promising photoinactivation ratio, reaching the detection limit of the MTT method. Moreover, these results are comparable to the better ones in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly A. D. F. Castro
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Juliana A. Prandini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Juliana Cristina Biazzotto
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - João P. C. Tomé
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences & Departamento de Engenharia Química, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Roberto S. da Silva
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Roberto S. da Silva, ; Leandro M. O. Lourenço,
| | - Leandro M. O. Lourenço
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Chemistry Department, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
- *Correspondence: Roberto S. da Silva, ; Leandro M. O. Lourenço,
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Nkune NW, Abrahamse H. Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery Systems for Photodynamic Therapy of Metastatic Melanoma: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12549. [PMID: 34830431 PMCID: PMC8620728 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastatic melanoma (MM) is a skin malignancy arising from melanocytes, the incidence of which has been rising in recent years. It poses therapeutic challenges due to its resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs and radiation therapy. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an alternative non-invasive modality that requires a photosensitizer (PS), specific wavelength of light, and molecular oxygen. Several studies using conventional PSs have highlighted the need for improved PSs for PDT applications to achieve desired therapeutic outcomes. The incorporation of nanoparticles (NPs) and targeting moieties in PDT have appeared as a promising strategy to circumvent various drawbacks associated with non-specific toxicity, poor water solubility, and low bioavailability of the PSs at targeted tissues. Currently, most studies investigating new developments rely on two-dimensional (2-D) monocultures, which fail to accurately mimic tissue complexity. Therefore, three-dimensional (3-D) cell cultures are ideal models to resemble tumor tissue in terms of architectural and functional properties. This review examines various PS drugs, as well as passive and active targeted PS nanoparticle-mediated platforms for PDT treatment of MM on 2-D and 3-D models. The overall findings of this review concluded that very few PDT studies have been conducted within 3-D models using active PS nanoparticle-mediated platforms, and so require further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Heidi Abrahamse
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa;
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21
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Pivetta TP, Botteon CEA, Ribeiro PA, Marcato PD, Raposo M. Nanoparticle Systems for Cancer Phototherapy: An Overview. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11113132. [PMID: 34835896 PMCID: PMC8625970 DOI: 10.3390/nano11113132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photothermal therapy (PTT) are photo-mediated treatments with different mechanisms of action that can be addressed for cancer treatment. Both phototherapies are highly successful and barely or non-invasive types of treatment that have gained attention in the past few years. The death of cancer cells because of the application of these therapies is caused by the formation of reactive oxygen species, that leads to oxidative stress for the case of photodynamic therapy and the generation of heat for the case of photothermal therapies. The advancement of nanotechnology allowed significant benefit to these therapies using nanoparticles, allowing both tuning of the process and an increase of effectiveness. The encapsulation of drugs, development of the most different organic and inorganic nanoparticles as well as the possibility of surfaces' functionalization are some strategies used to combine phototherapy and nanotechnology, with the aim of an effective treatment with minimal side effects. This article presents an overview on the use of nanostructures in association with phototherapy, in the view of cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thais P. Pivetta
- CEFITEC, Department of Physics, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal;
- Laboratory of Instrumentation, Biomedical Engineering and Radiation Physics (LIBPhys-UNL), Department of Physics, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal;
| | - Caroline E. A. Botteon
- GNanoBio, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-900, Brazil; (C.E.A.B.); (P.D.M.)
| | - Paulo A. Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Instrumentation, Biomedical Engineering and Radiation Physics (LIBPhys-UNL), Department of Physics, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal;
| | - Priscyla D. Marcato
- GNanoBio, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-900, Brazil; (C.E.A.B.); (P.D.M.)
| | - Maria Raposo
- Laboratory of Instrumentation, Biomedical Engineering and Radiation Physics (LIBPhys-UNL), Department of Physics, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal;
- Correspondence: ; Fax: +351-21-294-85-49
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22
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Trindade AC, de Castro PARR, Pinto BCDS, Ambrósio JAR, de Oliveira Junior BM, Beltrame Junior M, Gonçalves EP, Pinto JG, Ferreira-Strixino J, Simioni AR. Gelatin nanoparticles via template polymerization for drug delivery system to photoprocess application in cells. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2021; 33:551-568. [PMID: 34705614 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2021.1998819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a clinical treatment based on the activation of light-absorbing photosensitizers (PS) to generate reactive oxygen species, which are toxic to the targeted disease cells. Because most PS are hydrophobic with poor water solubility, it is necessary to encapsulate and solubilize PS in aqueous conditions to improve the photodynamic action for this compound. In this work, gelatin-poly(acrylic acid) nanoparticles (PAA/gelatin nanoparticles) via template polymerization for incorporation aluminum chloride phthalocyanine (ClAlPc) as a model drug for PDT application were developed. Biocompatible core-shell polymeric nanoparticles were fabricated via template polymerization using gelatin and acrylic acid as a reaction system. The nanoparticulate system was studied by scanning electron microscopy, steady-state, and their biological activity was evaluated using in vitro cancer cell lines by classical MTT assay. The obtained nanoparticles had a spherical shape and DLS particle size were determined further and was found to be around 170 nm. The phthalocyanine-loaded-nanoparticles maintained their photophysical behaviour after encapsulation. It is found that ClAlPc can be released from the nanoparticles in a sustained manner with a small initial burst release. In vitro cytotoxicity revealed that ClAlPc-loaded nanoparticles had similar cytotoxicity to free ClAlPc with mouse melanoma cancer cell line (B16-F10). In vitro photoeffects assay indicated that the nanoparticle formulation was superior in anticancer effect to free ClAlPc on mouse melanoma cancer cell line B16-F10. The results indicate that ClAlPc encapsulated in gelatin-poly(acrylic acid) nanoparticles are a successful delivery system for improving photodynamic activity in the target tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnes Cecheto Trindade
- Organic Synthesis Laboratory, Research and Development Institute - IPD, Vale do Paraíba University, São José dos Campos, Brazil
| | | | - Bruna Cristina Dos Santos Pinto
- Organic Synthesis Laboratory, Research and Development Institute - IPD, Vale do Paraíba University, São José dos Campos, Brazil
| | | | | | - Milton Beltrame Junior
- Organic Synthesis Laboratory, Research and Development Institute - IPD, Vale do Paraíba University, São José dos Campos, Brazil
| | - Erika Peterson Gonçalves
- Organic Synthesis Laboratory, Research and Development Institute - IPD, Vale do Paraíba University, São José dos Campos, Brazil
| | - Juliana Guerra Pinto
- Laboratory of Photobiology Applied to Health, Institute of Research and Development, University of Vale do Paraíba, São José dos Campos, Brazil
| | - Juliana Ferreira-Strixino
- Laboratory of Photobiology Applied to Health, Institute of Research and Development, University of Vale do Paraíba, São José dos Campos, Brazil
| | - Andreza Ribeiro Simioni
- Organic Synthesis Laboratory, Research and Development Institute - IPD, Vale do Paraíba University, São José dos Campos, Brazil
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Lalan M, Shah P, Barve K, Parekh K, Mehta T, Patel P. Skin cancer therapeutics: nano-drug delivery vectors—present and beyond. FUTURE JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s43094-021-00326-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Skin cancers are among the widely prevalent forms of cancer worldwide. The increasing industrialization and accompanied environmental changes have further worsened the skin cancer statistics. The stern topical barrier although difficult to breach is a little compromised in pathologies like skin cancer. The therapeutic management of skin cancers has moved beyond chemotherapy and surgery.
Main body of the abstract
The quest for a magic bullet still prevails, but topical drug delivery has emerged as a perfect modality for localized self-application with minimal systemic ingress for the management of skin cancers. Advances in topical drug delivery as evidenced by the exploration of nanocarriers and newer technologies like microneedle-assisted/mediated therapeutics have revolutionized the paradigms of topical treatment. The engineered nanovectors have not only been given the liberty to experiment with a wide-array of drug carriers with very distinguishing characteristics but also endowed them with target specificity. The biologicals like nucleic acid-based approaches or skin penetrating peptide vectors are another promising area of skin cancer therapeutics which has demonstrated potential in research studies. In this review, a panoramic view is presented on the etiology, therapeutic options, and emerging drug delivery modalities for skin cancer.
Short conclusion
Nanocarriers have presented innumerable opportunities for interventions in skin cancer therapeutics. Challenge persists for the bench to bedside translation of these highly potential upcoming therapeutic strategies.
Graphic abstract
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Pierre MBR. Nanocarriers for Photodynamic Therapy Intended to Cutaneous Tumors. Curr Drug Targets 2021; 22:1090-1107. [PMID: 33397257 DOI: 10.2174/1389450122999210101230743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) is a therapeutic modality used for several malignant and premalignant skin disorders, including Bowen's disease skin cancers and Superficial Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC). Several photosensitizers (PSs) have been explored for tumor destruction of skin cancers, after their activation by a light source of appropriate wavelength. Topical release of PSs avoids prolonged photosensitization reactions associated with systemic administration; however, its clinical usefulness is influenced by its poor tissue penetration and the stability of the active agent. Nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems are promising tool to enhance the efficiency for PDT of cancer. This review focuses on PSs encapsulated in nanocarriers explored for PDT of skin tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria B R Pierre
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ)- Faculdade de Farmacia- Av, Brigadeiro Trompowsky, s/n. CEP Rio de Janeiro - RJ, 21941-901, Brazil
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Cineole-containing nanoemulsion: Development, stability, and antibacterial activity. Chem Phys Lipids 2021; 239:105113. [PMID: 34216586 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2021.105113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
1,8-cineole is a monoterpene commonly used by the food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries owing to its flavor and fragrances properties. In addition, this bioactive monoterpene has demonstrated bactericidal and fungicidal activities. However, such activities are limited due to its low aqueous solubility and stability. This study aimed to develop nanoemulsion containing cineole and assess its stability and antibacterial activity in this context. The spontaneous emulsification method was used to prepare nanoemulsion (NE) formulations (F1, F2, F3, F4, and F5). Following the development of NE formulations, we chose the F1 formulation that presented an average droplet size (in diameter) of about 100 nm with narrow size distribution (PdI <0.2) and negative zeta potential (∼ - 35 mV). According to the analytical centrifugation method with photometric detection, F1 and F5 formulations were considered the most stable NE with lower droplet migration velocities. In addition, F1 formulation showed high incorporation efficiency (> 80 %) and TEM analyses demonstrated nanosized oil droplets with irregular spherical shapes and without any aggregation tendency. Antibacterial activity assessment showed that F1 NE was able to enhance the cineole action against Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, and Streptococcus pyogenes. Therefore, using a simple and reproducible method of low energy emulsification we designed a stable nanoemulsion containing 1,8-cineole with improved antibacterial activity against Gram-positive strains.
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da Silva DB, da Silva CL, Davanzo NN, da Silva Souza R, Correa RJ, Tedesco AC, Riemma Pierre MB. Protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) loaded PLGA nanoparticles for topical Photodynamic Therapy of melanoma cells. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2021; 35:102317. [PMID: 33940210 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2021.102317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Nanoparticles (Np) can increase drug efficacy and overcome problems associated with solubility and aggregation in a solution of PpIX. PURPOSE Evaluate if Np interferes in the photophysical and photobiological capacity of the PpIX comparing with free PpIX intended for topical PDT of melanoma. METHODS In vitro photophysical evaluation of Np-PpIX was carried out through singlet oxygen (1O2) quantum yield. In vitro cytotoxicity and phototoxicity assays have used murine melanoma cell culture. RESULTS The quantum yield of singlet oxygen has shown that Np did not influence the formation capacity of this reactive species. In the dark, all PpIX-Nps concentrations were less cytotoxic compared to free drugs. At a higher light dose (1500 mJ.cm2) 3.91 μg / mL PpIX had similar % viable cells for free and Np (∼34 %) meaning Nps did not interfere in the photodynamic effect of PpIX. However, at 7.91 μg / mL the phototoxicity increased for both (5.8 % viable cells for free versus 21.7 % for Nps). Despite the higher phototoxicity of free PpIX at this concentration, greater cytotoxicity in the dark was obtained (∼49 % viable cells for free versus ∼90.6 % Np) which means Nps protect the tumor tissue from the photodynamic action of PpIX. CONCLUSIONS Np is a potential delivery system for melanoma skin cancer, since it maintained the photophysical properties of PpIX and excellent in vitro phototoxicity effect against melanoma cells, reducing cell viability ∼80 % (7.91 μg / mL PpIX in Nps) and provides safe PDT (due to lower cytotoxicity in the dark).
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Affiliation(s)
- Darlan Barbosa da Silva
- School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho 373, 21.941.902, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Carolina Loureiro da Silva
- School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho 373, 21.941.902, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Nathalia Nossi Davanzo
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering -Photobiology and Photomedicine Research Group, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters of Ribeirão Preto, Av. dos Bandeirantes 3900, 14040-901, Vila Monte Alegre, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Antonio Claudio Tedesco
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering -Photobiology and Photomedicine Research Group, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters of Ribeirão Preto, Av. dos Bandeirantes 3900, 14040-901, Vila Monte Alegre, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Bernadete Riemma Pierre
- School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho 373, 21.941.902, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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Dias LM, Sharifi F, de Keijzer MJ, Mesquita B, Desclos E, Kochan JA, de Klerk DJ, Ernst D, de Haan LR, Franchi LP, van Wijk AC, Scutigliani EM, Cavaco JEB, Tedesco AC, Huang X, Pan W, Ding B, Krawczyk PM, Heger M. Attritional evaluation of lipophilic and hydrophilic metallated phthalocyanines for oncological photodynamic therapy. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2021; 216:112146. [PMID: 33601256 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2021.112146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Oncological photodynamic therapy (PDT) relies on photosensitizers (PSs) to photo-oxidatively destroy tumor cells. Currently approved PSs yield satisfactory results in superficial and easy-to-access tumors but are less suited for solid cancers in internal organs such as the biliary system and the pancreas. For these malignancies, second-generation PSs such as metallated phthalocyanines are more appropriate. Presently it is not known which of the commonly employed metallated phtahlocyanines, namely aluminum phthalocyanine (AlPC) and zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPC) as well as their tetrasulfonated derivatives AlPCS4 and ZnPCS4, is most cytotoxic to tumor cells. This study therefore employed an attritional approach to ascertain the best metallated phthalocyanine for oncological PDT in a head-to-head comparative analysis and standardized experimental design. METHODS ZnPC and AlPC were encapsulated in PEGylated liposomes. Analyses were performed in cultured A431 cells as a template for tumor cells with a dysfunctional P53 tumor suppressor gene and EGFR overexpression. First, dark toxicity was assessed as a function of PS concentration using the WST-1 and sulforhodamine B assay. Second, time-dependent uptake and intracellular distribution were determined by flow cytometry and confocal microscopy, respectively, using the intrinsic fluorescence of the PSs. Third, the LC50 values were established for each PS at 671 nm and a radiant exposure of 15 J/cm2 following 1-h PS exposure. Finally, the mode of cell death as a function of post-PDT time and cell cycle arrest at 24 h after PDT were analyzed. RESULTS In the absence of illumination, AlPC and ZnPC were not toxic to cells up to a 1.5-μM PS concentration and exposure for up to 72 h. Dark toxicity was noted for AlPCS4 at 5 μM and ZnPCS4 at 2.5 μM. Uptake of all PSs was observed as early as 1 min after PS addition to cells and increased in amplitude during a 2-h incubation period. After 60 min, the entire non-nuclear space of the cell was photosensitized, with PS accumulation in multiple subcellular structures, especially in case of AlPC and AlPCS4. PDT of cells photosensitized with ZnPC, AlPC, and AlPCS4 yielded LC50 values of 0.13 μM, 0.04 μM, and 0.81 μM, respectively, 24 h post-PDT (based on sulforhodamine B assay). ZnPCS4 did not induce notable phototoxicity, which was echoed in the mode of cell death and cell cycle arrest data. At 4 h post-PDT, the mode of cell death comprised mainly apoptosis for ZnPC and AlPC, the extent of which was gradually exacerbated in AlPC-photosensitized cells during 8 h. ZnPC-treated cells seemed to recover at 8 h post-PDT compared to 4 h post-PDT, which had been observed before in another cell line. AlPCS4 induced considerable necrosis in addition to apoptosis, whereby most of the cell death had already manifested at 2 h after PDT. During the course of 8 h, necrotic cell death transitioned into mainly late apoptotic cell death. Cell death signaling coincided with a reduction in cells in the G0/G1 phase (ZnPC, AlPC, AlPCS4) and cell cycle arrest in the S-phase (ZnPC, AlPC, AlPCS4) and G2 phase (ZnPC and AlPC). Cell cycle arrest was most profound in cells that had been photosensitized with AlPC and subjected to PDT. CONCLUSIONS Liposomal AlPC is the most potent PS for oncological PDT, whereas ZnPCS4 was photodynamically inert in A431 cells. AlPC did not induce dark toxicity at PS concentrations of up to 1.5 μM, i.e., > 37 times the LC50 value, which is favorable in terms of clinical phototoxicity issues. AlPC photosensitized multiple intracellular loci, which was associated with extensive, irreversible cell death signaling that is expected to benefit treatment efficacy and possibly immunological long-term tumor control, granted that sufficient AlPC will reach the tumor in vivo. Given the differential pharmacokinetics, intracellular distribution, and cell death dynamics, liposomal AlPC may be combined with AlPCS4 in a PS cocktail to further improve PDT efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lionel Mendes Dias
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Jiaxing Key Laboratory for Photonanomedicine and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, PR China; CICS-UBI, Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal; Department of Medical Biology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Farangis Sharifi
- Department of Medical Biology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Laboratory of Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology (LEXOR), Cancer Center Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mark J de Keijzer
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Jiaxing Key Laboratory for Photonanomedicine and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, PR China; Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Barbara Mesquita
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Emilie Desclos
- Department of Medical Biology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Laboratory of Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology (LEXOR), Cancer Center Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jakub A Kochan
- Department of Medical Biology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Laboratory of Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology (LEXOR), Cancer Center Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel J de Klerk
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Jiaxing Key Laboratory for Photonanomedicine and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Daniël Ernst
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Jiaxing Key Laboratory for Photonanomedicine and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Lianne R de Haan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Jiaxing Key Laboratory for Photonanomedicine and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Leonardo P Franchi
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB) 2, Campus Samambaia, Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, GO, Brazil; Department of Chemistry, Center of Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering - Photobiology and Photomedicine Research Group, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences, and Letters of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Albert C van Wijk
- Department of Medical Biology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Enzo M Scutigliani
- Department of Medical Biology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Laboratory of Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology (LEXOR), Cancer Center Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - José E B Cavaco
- CICS-UBI, Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Antonio C Tedesco
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering - Photobiology and Photomedicine Research Group, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences, and Letters of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Xuan Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Jiaxing Key Laboratory for Photonanomedicine and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Weiwei Pan
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, PR China
| | - Baoyue Ding
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Jiaxing Key Laboratory for Photonanomedicine and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Przemek M Krawczyk
- Department of Medical Biology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Laboratory of Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology (LEXOR), Cancer Center Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Michal Heger
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Jiaxing Key Laboratory for Photonanomedicine and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, PR China; Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Dasari S, Yedjou CG, Brodell RT, Cruse AR, Tchounwou PB. Therapeutic strategies and potential implications of silver nanoparticles in the management of skin cancer. NANOTECHNOLOGY REVIEWS 2020; 9:1500-1521. [PMID: 33912377 PMCID: PMC8078871 DOI: 10.1515/ntrev-2020-0117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Skin cancer (SC) is the most common carcinoma affecting 3 million people annually in the United States and millions of people worldwide. It is classified as melanoma SC (MSC) and non-melanoma SC (NMSC). NMSC represents approximately 80% of SC and includes squamous cell carcinoma and basal cell carcinoma. MSC, however, has a higher mortality rate than SC because of its ability to metastasize. SC is a major health problem in the United States with significant morbidity and mortality in the Caucasian population. Treatment options for SC include cryotherapy, excisional surgery, Mohs surgery, curettage and electrodessication, radiation therapy, photodynamic therapy, immunotherapy, and chemotherapy. Treatment is chosen based on the type of SC and the potential for side effects. Novel targeted therapies are being used with increased frequency for large tumors and for metastatic disease. A scoping literature search on PubMed, Google Scholar, and Cancer Registry websites revealed that traditional chemotherapeutic drugs have little effect against SC after the cancer has metastasized. Following an overview of SC biology, epidemiology, and treatment options, this review focuses on the mechanisms of advanced technologies that use silver nanoparticles in SC treatment regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaloam Dasari
- Department of Biology, Environmental Toxicology Research Laboratory, NIH-RCMI Center for Environmental Health, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS 39217, United States of America
| | - Clement G. Yedjou
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science and Technology, Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University, 1610 S. Martin Luther King Blvd, Tallahassee, FL 32307, United States of America
| | - Robert T. Brodell
- Department of Dermatology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500N. State Street, Jackson, MS 39216, United States of America
| | - Allison R. Cruse
- Department of Dermatology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500N. State Street, Jackson, MS 39216, United States of America
| | - Paul B. Tchounwou
- Department of Biology, Environmental Toxicology Research Laboratory, NIH-RCMI Center for Environmental Health, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS 39217, United States of America
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Santos KLM, Barros RM, da Silva Lima DP, Nunes AMA, Sato MR, Faccio R, de Lima Damasceno BPG, Oshiro-Junior JA. Prospective application of phthalocyanines in the photodynamic therapy against microorganisms and tumor cells: A mini-review. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2020; 32:102032. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2020.102032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Revised: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Tokarska K, Lamch Ł, Piechota B, Żukowski K, Chudy M, Wilk KA, Brzózka Z. Co-delivery of IR-768 and daunorubicin using mPEG-b-PLGA micelles for synergistic enhancement of combination therapy of melanoma. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2020; 211:111981. [PMID: 32862088 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2020.111981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Malignant melanoma is an emerging problem worldwide due to the high degree of lethalness. Its aggressiveness and the ability to metastasize along with the heterogeneity at the molecular and cellular levels, limit the overall therapeutic efficacy. Despite significant advances in melanoma treatment over the last decade, there is still a need for improved therapeutic modalities. Thus, we demonstrate here a combinatorial approach that targets multiple independent therapeutic pathways, in which polymeric micelles (PMs) were used as efficacious colloidal nanocarriers loaded with both daunorubicin (DRB) as a cytotoxic drug and IR-768 as a photosensitizer. This afforded the dual drug loaded delivery system IR-768 + DRB in PMs. The fabricated mPEG-b-PLGA micelles (hydrodynamic diameters ≈ 25 nm) had a relatively narrow size distribution (PdI > ca. 0.3) with uniform spherical shapes. CLSM study showed that mPEG-b-PLGA micelles were uptaken by mitochondria, which further contributed to excellent singlet oxygen generation capacity for PDT in A375 melanoma cells. Furthermore, the PMs were efficiently internalized by tested cells through endocytosis, resulting in much higher cellular uptake comparing to the free drug. As a result of these properties, IR-768 + DRB in PMs exhibited very potent and synergistically enhanced anticancer activity against A375 cells. Additionally, this combination approach allowed to reduce drug doses and provided low side effects towards normal HaCaT. This study indicates excellent properties of mPEG-b-PLGA micelles resulting in great therapeutic potential possessed by the developed nanoscale drug delivery system for combined chemo-photodynamic therapy of melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Tokarska
- Chair of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, POLAND; Centre for Advanced Materials and Technologies CEZAMAT, Warsaw University of Technology, POLAND
| | - Łukasz Lamch
- Department of Organic and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, POLAND
| | - Beata Piechota
- Chair of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, POLAND
| | - Kamil Żukowski
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Technologies CEZAMAT, Warsaw University of Technology, POLAND
| | - Michał Chudy
- Chair of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, POLAND
| | - Kazimiera A Wilk
- Department of Organic and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, POLAND.
| | - Zbigniew Brzózka
- Chair of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, POLAND.
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Preparation and cytotoxicity of lipid nanocarriers containing a hydrophobic flavanone. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2020.124982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Parvez S, Yadagiri G, Gedda MR, Singh A, Singh OP, Verma A, Sundar S, Mudavath SL. Modified solid lipid nanoparticles encapsulated with Amphotericin B and Paromomycin: an effective oral combination against experimental murine visceral leishmaniasis. Sci Rep 2020; 10:12243. [PMID: 32699361 PMCID: PMC7376178 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-69276-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of an effective oral therapeutics is an immediate need for the control and elimination of visceral leishmaniasis (VL). We exemplify the preparation and optimization of 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPCD) modified solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) based oral combinational cargo system of Amphotericin B (AmB) and Paromomycin (PM) against murine VL. The emulsion solvent evaporation method was employed to prepare HPCD modified dual drug-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (m-DDSLNs). The optimized formulations have a mean particle size of 141 ± 3.2 nm, a polydispersity index of 0.248 ± 0.11 and entrapment efficiency for AmB and PM was found to be 96% and 90% respectively. The morphology of m-DDSLNs was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The developed formulations revealed a sustained drug release profile upto 57% (AmB) and 21.5% (PM) within 72 h and were stable at both 4 °C and 25 °C during short term stability studies performed for 2 months. Confocal laser scanning microscopy confirmed complete cellular internalization of SLNs within 24 h of incubation. In vitro cytotoxicity study against J774A.1 macrophage cells confirmed the safety and biocompatibility of the developed formulations. Further, m-DDSLNs did not induce any hepatic/renal toxicities in Swiss albino mice. The in vitro simulated study was performed to check the stability in simulated gastric fluids and simulated intestinal fluids and the release was found almost negligible. The in vitro anti-leishmanial activity of m-DDSLNs (1 µg/ml) has shown a maximum percentage of inhibition (96.22%) on intra-cellular amastigote growth of L. donovani. m-DDSLNs (20 mg/kg × 5 days, p.o.) has significantly (P < 0.01) reduced the liver parasite burden as compared to miltefosine (3 mg/kg × 5 days, p.o.) in L. donovani-infected BALB/c mice. This work suggests that the superiority of as-prepared m-DDSLNs as a promising approach towards the oral delivery of anti-leishmanial drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabi Parvez
- Infectious Disease Biology Laboratory, Chemical Biology Unit, Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Habitat Centre, Phase 10, Sector 64, Mohali, Punjab, 160062, India
| | - Ganesh Yadagiri
- Infectious Disease Biology Laboratory, Chemical Biology Unit, Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Habitat Centre, Phase 10, Sector 64, Mohali, Punjab, 160062, India
| | - Mallikarjuna Rao Gedda
- Infectious Disease Research Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India
| | - Aakriti Singh
- Infectious Disease Biology Laboratory, Chemical Biology Unit, Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Habitat Centre, Phase 10, Sector 64, Mohali, Punjab, 160062, India
| | - Om Prakash Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India
| | - Anurag Verma
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, IFTM University, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, 244001, India
| | - Shyam Sundar
- Infectious Disease Research Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India
| | - Shyam Lal Mudavath
- Infectious Disease Biology Laboratory, Chemical Biology Unit, Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Habitat Centre, Phase 10, Sector 64, Mohali, Punjab, 160062, India.
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Wang Y, Wang H, Zhou L, Lu J, Jiang B, Liu C, Guo J. Photodynamic therapy of pancreatic cancer: Where have we come from and where are we going? Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2020; 31:101876. [PMID: 32534246 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2020.101876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a potential adjuvant therapy in pancreatic cancer with several advantages. Mechanistically, pancreatic cancer PDT can induce apoptosis and necrosis of pancreatic cancer cells and lead to vascular damage and enhance anti-tumor immune response in tumor tissues. However, limitations of current photosensitizers such as limited penetration depth, poor targeted therapy and inadequate reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation still exist. Recently, several novel photosensitizers have been reported to break through limits in pancreatic cancer PDT. Methods combined with biomedical engineering, materialogy and chemical engineering have been employed to overcome the difficulties and to realize targeted therapy. Preclinical and clinical trials also preliminarily confirmed the technical feasibility and safety of pancreatic cancer PDT. Therefore, PDT may be potential to be used as an effective adjuvant therapy in pancreatic cancer multimodality therapy. This review will give an overview about pancreatic cancer PDT from basic experimental studies, preclinical and clinical application to future direction of pancreatic cancer PDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhi Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Hongwei Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Li Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Jun Lu
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Bolun Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Chengxi Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Junchao Guo
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China.
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Li XY, Tan LC, Dong LW, Zhang WQ, Shen XX, Lu X, Zheng H, Lu YG. Susceptibility and Resistance Mechanisms During Photodynamic Therapy of Melanoma. Front Oncol 2020; 10:597. [PMID: 32528867 PMCID: PMC7247862 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is the most aggressive malignant skin tumor and arises from melanocytes. The resistance of melanoma cells to various treatments results in rapid tumor growth and high mortality. As a local therapeutic modality, photodynamic therapy has been successfully applied for clinical treatment of skin diseases. Photodynamic therapy is a relatively new treatment method for various types of malignant tumors in humans and, compared to conventional treatment methods, has fewer side effects, and is more accurate and non-invasive. Although several in vivo and in vitro studies have shown encouraging results regarding the potential benefits of photodynamic therapy as an adjuvant treatment for melanoma, its clinical application remains limited owing to its relative inefficiency. This review article discusses the use of photodynamic therapy in melanoma treatment as well as the latest progress made in deciphering the mechanism of tolerance. Lastly, potential targets are identified that may improve photodynamic therapy against melanoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Ying Li
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Liu-Chang Tan
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Li-Wen Dong
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wan-Qi Zhang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiao-Xiao Shen
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiao Lu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hong Zheng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuan-Gang Lu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Amantino CF, de Baptista-Neto Á, Badino AC, Siqueira-Moura MP, Tedesco AC, Primo FL. Anthraquinone encapsulation into polymeric nanocapsules as a new drug from biotechnological origin designed for photodynamic therapy. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2020; 31:101815. [PMID: 32407889 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2020.101815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy has been applied for the treatment of many diseases, especially skin diseases. However, poor aqueous solubility and toxicity of some photosensitizer drugs are the main disadvantages for their direct clinical applications. Thus, biotechnology and nanotechnology are important tools in the development of new ways of obtaining photoactive compounds that are biocompatible. We investigated the potential of a new nanostructured photosensitizer, an anthraquinone derivative produced by biotechnological process; then we associated nanotechnology to obtain a nanostructured anthraquinone active molecule. For this, it was prepared a classical nanocapsule formulations containing poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) coating for encapsulation of anthraquinone derivative. These formulations were characterized by their physicochemical, morphological, photophysical properties, and stability. We performed in vitro biocompatibility and photodynamic activity assays of free and nanostructured anthraquinone. Nanocapsule formulations containing anthraquinone derivative showed a nanometric profile with particle size around 250 nm, negative zeta potential around -30 mV, and partially monodisperse. Besides that, characteristic spherical morphology of nanocapsules and homogeneous particle surface were observed by AFM analyses. The in vitro biocompatibility assay showed absence of cytotoxicity for all tested RD/NC concentrations and also for unloaded/NC in NIH3T3 cells. In vitro photoactivation assay using NIH3T3 cells showed that nanocapsules promoted greater drug uptake by NIH3T3 cells, around of 87%, of cell death compared to free drug showed around 48% of cell death. The anthraquinone derivative showed potential for use in PDT. Besides the association with nanocapsules improved cell uptake of photosensitizer resulting in increased cell death compared to free anthraquinone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila F Amantino
- Department of Engineering of Bioprocess and Biotechnology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Araraquara, 14800-903, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Álvaro de Baptista-Neto
- Department of Engineering of Bioprocess and Biotechnology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Araraquara, 14800-903, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alberto C Badino
- Graduate Program of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, 13565-905, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marigilson P Siqueira-Moura
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Sao Francisco Valley - UNIVASF, Petrolina, 56304-917, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Antonio C Tedesco
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering - Photobiology and Photomedicine Research Group, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo - USP, Ribeirão Preto, 14010-100, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernando L Primo
- Department of Engineering of Bioprocess and Biotechnology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Araraquara, 14800-903, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Zhang X, Huang Y, Li X, Wang Y, Yuan Y, Li M. Preparation of a new combination nanoemulsion-encapsulated MAGE1-MAGE3-MAGEn/HSP70 vaccine and study of its immunotherapeutic effect. Pathol Res Pract 2020; 216:152954. [PMID: 32321658 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2020.152954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND MAGE family genes have been studied as targets for tumor immunotherapy for a long time. Here, we combined MAGE1-, MAGE3- and MAGEn-derived peptides as a cancer vaccine and tested whether a new combination nanoemulsion-encapsulated vaccine could be used to inhibit the growth of tumor cells in humanized SCID mice. METHODS The nanoemulsion-encapsulated complex protein vaccine (MAGE1, MAGE3, and MAGEn/HSP70 fusion protein; M1M3MnH) was prepared using a magnetic ultrasonic technique. After screening, human PBMCs were injected into SCID mice to mimic the human immune system. Then, the humanized SCID mice were challenged with M3-HHCC cells and immunized with nanoemulsion-encapsulated MAGE1-MAGE3-MAGEn/HSP70 [NE(M1M3MnH)] or M1M3MnH. The cellular immune responses were detected by IFN-γ ELISPOT and cytotoxicity assays. Therapeutic and tumor challenge experiments were also performed. RESULTS The results showed that the immune responses elicited by NE(M1M3MnH) were apparently stronger than those elicited by M1M3MnH, NE(-) or PBS, suggesting that this novel nanoemulsion carrier induces potent antitumor immunity against the encapsulated antigens. The results of the therapeutic and tumor challenge experiments also indicated that the new vaccine had a definite effect on SCID mice bearing human hepatic cancer. CONCLUSION Our study indicated that the combination of several tumor antigen-derived peptides may be a relatively good strategy for peptide-based cancer immunotherapy. These results suggest that the complex nanoemulsion vaccine could have broader applications for both therapy and prevention mediated by antitumor effects in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiumin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Pathology, Xijing Hospital and School of Basic Medicine, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Yang Huang
- Department of Emergency, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Xia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Pathology, Xijing Hospital and School of Basic Medicine, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Yanxia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Pathology, Xijing Hospital and School of Basic Medicine, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Pathology, Xijing Hospital and School of Basic Medicine, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Mingyang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Pathology, Xijing Hospital and School of Basic Medicine, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.
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de Melo MT, Piva HL, Tedesco AC. Design of new protein drug delivery system (PDDS) with photoactive compounds as a potential application in the treatment of glioblastoma brain cancer. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 110:110638. [PMID: 32204072 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.110638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is an extremely aggressive malignant brain tumor. Despite advances in treatment modalities, it remains largely incurable. This unfavorable prognosis for GBM is at least partly due to the lack of a successful drug delivery system across the blood-brain barrier (BBB). The delivery of drugs through nanomedicines combined with less invasive alternative therapies represents an important hope for the future of these incurable brain tumors. Whey protein nanocarriers represent promising strategy for targeted drug delivery to tumor cells by enhancing the drug's bioavailability and distribution, and reducing the body's response towards drug resistance. They have been extensively studied to find new alternatives for capacity to encapsulate different drugs and no need for cross-linkers. In this study, we report for the first time the incorporation and administration of Aluminum phthalocyanine chloride (AlClPc)-loaded whey protein drug delivery system (AlClPc-PDDS) for the treatment of glioblastoma brain cancer. This system was designed and optimized (with the use of the spray drying technique) to obtain the required particle size (in the range of 100 to 300 nm), zeta potential and drug loading. Our results suggest that we have developed a drug delivery system from a low-cost raw material and preparation method that is capable of incorporating hydrophobic drugs which, in combination with irradiation, cause photodamage to neoplasic cells, working as an effective adjuvant treatment for malignant glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryanne Trafani de Melo
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering -Photobiology and Photomedicine Research Group, Faculty of Philosophy, Science and Letters of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), 14040-901 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Henrique Luis Piva
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering -Photobiology and Photomedicine Research Group, Faculty of Philosophy, Science and Letters of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), 14040-901 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Antonio Claudio Tedesco
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering -Photobiology and Photomedicine Research Group, Faculty of Philosophy, Science and Letters of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), 14040-901 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
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Borgheti-Cardoso LN, Viegas JSR, Silvestrini AVP, Caron AL, Praça FG, Kravicz M, Bentley MVLB. Nanotechnology approaches in the current therapy of skin cancer. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2020; 153:109-136. [PMID: 32113956 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Skin cancer is a high burden disease with a high impact on global health. Conventional therapies have several drawbacks; thus, the development of effective therapies is required. In this context, nanotechnology approaches are an attractive strategy for cancer therapy because they enable the efficient delivery of drugs and other bioactive molecules to target tissues with low toxic effects. In this review, nanotechnological tools for skin cancer will be summarized and discussed. First, pathology and conventional therapies will be presented, followed by the challenges of skin cancer therapy. Then, the main features of developing efficient nanosystems will be discussed, and next, the most commonly used nanoparticles (NPs) described in the literature for skin cancer therapy will be presented. Subsequently, the use of NPs to deliver chemotherapeutics, immune and vaccine molecules and nucleic acids will be reviewed and discussed as will the combination of physical methods and NPs. Finally, multifunctional delivery systems to codeliver anticancer therapeutic agents containing or not surface functionalization will be summarized.
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Bidram E, Esmaeili Y, Ranji-Burachaloo H, Al-Zaubai N, Zarrabi A, Stewart A, Dunstan DE. A concise review on cancer treatment methods and delivery systems. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2019.101350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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40
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Yang M, Gu Y, Tang X, Wang T, Liu J. Advancement of Lipid-Based Nanocarriers and Combination Application with Physical Penetration Technique. Curr Drug Deliv 2019; 16:312-324. [PMID: 30657039 DOI: 10.2174/1567201816666190118125427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 09/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
On account of the advantages of transdermal delivery and the application situation of transcutaneous technology in transdermal delivery, the article critically comments on nanosystems as permeation enhancement model. Nanosystems possess great potential for transcutaneous drug delivery. This review focuses on recent advances in lipid-based nanocarriers, including liposome, transfersomes, ethosomes, nanoemulsions, solid lipid nanoparticles, nanostructured lipid carriers and combination application of the lipid-based nanocarriers with microneedle, iontophoresis, electroporation and sonophoresis in the field for the development of the transdermal drug delivery system. We attempted to give an overview of lipid-based nanocarriers with the aim to improve transdermal and dermal drug delivery. A special focus is given to the nanocarrier composition, characteristic and interaction mechanisms through the skin. Recent combination applications of lipid-based nanocarriers with the physical penetration technology demonstrate the superiority of the combined use of nanocarriers and physical methods in drug penetration enhancement compared to their single use. In the future, lipidbased nanocarriers will play a greater role in the field of transdermal and dermal drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Ninth People Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Yongwei Gu
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, 250355, China
| | - Xiaomeng Tang
- Department of Pharmacy, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Ting Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, 250355, China
| | - Jiyong Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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Banerjee I, De M, Dey G, Bharti R, Chattopadhyay S, Ali N, Chakrabarti P, Reis RL, Kundu SC, Mandal M. A peptide-modified solid lipid nanoparticle formulation of paclitaxel modulates immunity and outperforms dacarbazine in a murine melanoma model. Biomater Sci 2019; 7:1161-1178. [PMID: 30652182 DOI: 10.1039/c8bm01403e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Melanoma is a highly aggressive skin cancer. A paclitaxel formulation of solid lipid nanoparticles modified with Tyr-3-octreotide (PSM) is employed to treat melanoma that highly expresses somatostatin receptors (SSTRs). PSM exerts more apoptotic and anti-invasive effects in B16F10 mice melanoma cells as compared to dacarbazine (DTIC), an approved chemotherapeutic drug for treating aggressive melanoma. Besides, PSM induces one of the biomarkers of immunogenic cell death in vitro and in vivo as confirmed by calreticulin exposure on the B16F10 cell surface. We observed a significant number of CD8 positive T cells in the tumor bed of the PSM treated group. As a result, PSM effectively reduces tumor volume in vivo as compared to DTIC. PSM also induces a favorable systemic immune response as determined in the spleen and sera of the treated animals. Importantly, PSM can reduce the number of nodule formations in the experimental lung metastasis model. Our experimentations indicate that the metronomic PSM exhibits remarkable anti-melanoma activities without any observable toxicity. This immune modulation behavior of PSM can be exploited for the therapy of melanoma and probably for other malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indranil Banerjee
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology (CSIR-IICB), 4 Raja S C Mullick Road, Kolkata - 700032, West Bengal, India.
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Formulation of chloroaluminum phthalocyanine incorporated into PS-b-PAA diblock copolymer nanomicelles. J Mol Liq 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2018.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Trigo-Gutierrez JK, Sanitá PV, Tedesco AC, Pavarina AC, Mima EGDO. Effect of Chloroaluminium phthalocyanine in cationic nanoemulsion on photoinactivation of multispecies biofilm. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2018; 24:212-219. [PMID: 30308310 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2018.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Photosensitizers in nanocarriers have been investigated for antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy (aPDT). However, most studies are focused against microorganisms in planktonic or monospecies biofilm. Thus, this in vitro study evaluated the effect of aPDT using Chloroaluminium phthalocyanine (ClAlPc) in cationic nanoemulsion (NE) against Candida albicans, Candida glabrata and Streptococcus mutans grown as multispecies biofilm. METHODS Standard suspensions of each microorganism were added into wells of a microtiter plate for biofilm growth for 48 h in a candle jar. The biofilms were incubated with ClAlPc in cationic NE at 31.8 μM for 30 min and illuminated with red light fluence of 39.3 J/cm2 (P+L+ group). Additional samples were treated only with photosensitizer (P+L-) or red light (P-L+) or neither (P-L-, control group). aPDT efficacy was assessed by colony quantification, biofilm's metabolic activity, total biomass, and confocal microscopy. Data were analyzed by ANOVA/Welch and post-hoc Tukey/Games-Howell tests (α = 0.05). RESULTS aPDT (P+L+) reduced the colony count in 1.30 to 2.24 lg10 and the metabolic activity in 53.7% compared with the control group (P-L-). The total biomass showed no statistical difference among the groups. The confocal microscopy analyzes showed uptake of the PS in the biofilm, and dead cells were observed in the biofilm treated with aPDT. CONCLUSION aPDT mediated by ClAlPc in cationic NE promoted photoinactivation of the multispecies biofilm, which was confirmed by colony quantification, metabolic activity, and confocal microscopy. However, the total biomass of the biofilm was not affected by the treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffersson Krishan Trigo-Gutierrez
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paula Volpato Sanitá
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Antonio Claudio Tedesco
- Center of Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineers, Photobiology and Photomedicine Research Group, FFCLRP-São Paulo University, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Cláudia Pavarina
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ewerton Garcia de Oliveira Mima
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Pound-Lana GEN, Garcia GM, Trindade IC, Capelari-Oliveira P, Pontifice TG, Vilela JMC, Andrade MS, Nottelet B, Postacchini BB, Mosqueira VCF. Phthalocyanine photosensitizer in polyethylene glycol-block-poly(lactide-co-benzyl glycidyl ether) nanocarriers: Probing the contribution of aromatic donor-acceptor interactions in polymeric nanospheres. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2018; 94:220-233. [PMID: 30423704 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2018.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
For best photosensitizer activity phthalocyanine dyes used in photodynamic therapy should be molecularly dispersed. Polyethylene glycol-block-polylactide derivatives presenting benzyl side-groups were synthesized to encapsulate a highly lipophilic phthalocyanine dye (AlClPc) and evaluate the effect of π-π interactions on the nanocarrier colloidal stability and dye dispersion. Copolymers with 0, 1, 2 and 6 mol% of benzyl glycidyl ether (BGE) were obtained via polyethylene glycol initiated ring-opening copolymerization of D,l-lactide with BGE. The block copolymers formed stable, monodisperse nanospheres with low in vitro cytotoxicity. AlClPc loading increased the nanosphere size and affected their colloidal stability. The photo-physical properties of the encapsulated dye, studied in batch and after separation by field flow fractionation, demonstrated the superiority of plain PEG-PLA over BGE-containing copolymers in maintaining the dye in its monomeric (non-aggregated) form in aqueous suspension. High dye encapsulation and sustained dye release suggest that these nanocarriers are good candidates for photodynamic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwenaelle E N Pound-Lana
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Development and Nanobiotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Giani M Garcia
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Development and Nanobiotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Izabel C Trindade
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Development and Nanobiotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Capelari-Oliveira
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Development and Nanobiotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Thais Godinho Pontifice
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Development and Nanobiotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - José Mário C Vilela
- CIT - Centro de Inovação e Tecnologia Senai-Fiemg, Avenida José Cândido da Silveira, 2000, Horto, Belo Horizonte 31035-536, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Margareth S Andrade
- CIT - Centro de Inovação e Tecnologia Senai-Fiemg, Avenida José Cândido da Silveira, 2000, Horto, Belo Horizonte 31035-536, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Benjamin Nottelet
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM) UMR 5247, Université Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
| | - Bruna B Postacchini
- Laboratory of Molecular Photophysics, Physics Department, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - Vanessa C F Mosqueira
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Development and Nanobiotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Hovan A, Datta S, Kruglik SG, Jancura D, Miskovsky P, Bánó G. Phosphorescence Kinetics of Singlet Oxygen Produced by Photosensitization in Spherical Nanoparticles. Part I. Theory. J Phys Chem B 2018; 122:5147-5153. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.8b00658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sergei G. Kruglik
- Laboratoire Jean Perrin, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ. Paris 6, CNRS UMR 8237, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
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Carvalho JA, Abreu AS, Ferreira VTP, Gonçalves EP, Tedesco AC, Pinto JG, Ferreira-Strixino J, Beltrame Junior M, Simioni AR. Preparation of gelatin nanoparticles by two step desolvation method for application in photodynamic therapy. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2018; 29:1287-1301. [PMID: 29561222 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2018.1456027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Gelatin nanoparticles have recently been receiving considerable attention because they offer a good option as release systems due to their low cost, biocompatibility, biodegradability and its application in several types of formulations. This study aim was to evaluate the potential application of gelatin nanoparticles entrapping a photosensitizer in Photodynamic Therapy. Gelatin nanoparticles were studied by steady-state techniques and the biological activity evaluated by in vitro MTT assay. The particles were spherical in shape exhibiting a 273 nm diameter with a low tendency to aggregate. The loading efficiency was 76%. Photosensitizer photophysical properties were shown to be preserved after GN encapsulation. The cells viability obtaining 85% cells death compared with control. The results demonstrate that gelatin nanoparticles can be successfully applied for photosensitizers encapsulation or other active drugs and be used as an optimal medium for a variety of bioactive materials, which can also be encapsulated by the proposed method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janicy Arantes Carvalho
- a Organic Synthesis Laboratory, Research and Development Institute - IPD, Vale do Paraíba University , São José dos Campos , Brazil
| | - Alexandro Silva Abreu
- a Organic Synthesis Laboratory, Research and Development Institute - IPD, Vale do Paraíba University , São José dos Campos , Brazil
| | | | - Erika Peterson Gonçalves
- a Organic Synthesis Laboratory, Research and Development Institute - IPD, Vale do Paraíba University , São José dos Campos , Brazil
| | - Antonio Claudio Tedesco
- c Chemistry Department, Photobiology and Photomedicine Group , University of São Paulo , Ribeirão Preto , Brazil
| | - Juliana Guerra Pinto
- d Photodynamic Therapy Laboratory, Research and Development Institute - IPD , Vale do Paraíba University , São José dos Campos , Brazil
| | - Juliana Ferreira-Strixino
- d Photodynamic Therapy Laboratory, Research and Development Institute - IPD , Vale do Paraíba University , São José dos Campos , Brazil
| | - Milton Beltrame Junior
- a Organic Synthesis Laboratory, Research and Development Institute - IPD, Vale do Paraíba University , São José dos Campos , Brazil
| | - Andreza Ribeiro Simioni
- a Organic Synthesis Laboratory, Research and Development Institute - IPD, Vale do Paraíba University , São José dos Campos , Brazil
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Martinkova P, Brtnicky M, Kynicky J, Pohanka M. Iron Oxide Nanoparticles: Innovative Tool in Cancer Diagnosis and Therapy. Adv Healthc Mater 2018; 7. [PMID: 29205944 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201700932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 09/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Although cancer is one of the most dangerous and the second most lethal disease in the world, current therapy including surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, etc., is highly insufficient not in the view of therapy success rate or the amount of side effects. Accordingly, procedures with better outcomes are highly desirable. Iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) present an innovative tool-ideal for innovation and implementation into practice. This review is focused on summarizing some well-known facts about pharmacokinetics, toxicity, and the types of IONPs, and furthermore, provides a survey of their use in cancer diagnosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavla Martinkova
- Faculty of Military Health Science; University of Defense; Trebesska 1575 50011 Hradec Kralove Czech Republic
- Central European Institute of Technology; Brno University of Technology; Purkynova 656/123 612 00 Brno Czech Republic
| | - Martin Brtnicky
- Central European Institute of Technology; Brno University of Technology; Purkynova 656/123 612 00 Brno Czech Republic
- Department of Geology and Pedology; Mendel University; Zemedelska 1 613 00 Brno Czech Republic
| | - Jindrich Kynicky
- Central European Institute of Technology; Brno University of Technology; Purkynova 656/123 612 00 Brno Czech Republic
- Department of Geology and Pedology; Mendel University; Zemedelska 1 613 00 Brno Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Pohanka
- Faculty of Military Health Science; University of Defense; Trebesska 1575 50011 Hradec Kralove Czech Republic
- Department of Geology and Pedology; Mendel University; Zemedelska 1 613 00 Brno Czech Republic
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Naidoo C, Kruger CA, Abrahamse H. Photodynamic Therapy for Metastatic Melanoma Treatment: A Review. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2018; 17:1533033818791795. [PMID: 30099929 PMCID: PMC6090489 DOI: 10.1177/1533033818791795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
This review article is based on specifically targeted nanoparticles that have been used in the treatment of melanoma. According to the Skin Cancer Foundation, within 2017 an estimated 9730 people will die due to invasive melanoma. Conventional treatments for nonmalignant melanoma include surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation. For the treatment of metastatic melanoma, 3 therapeutic agents have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration: dacarbazine, recombinant interferon α-2b, and high-dose interleukin 2. Photodynamic therapy is an alternative therapy that activates a photosensitizer at a specific wavelength forming reactive oxygen species which in turn induces cell death; it is noninvasive with far less side effects when compared to conventional treatments. Nanoparticles are generally conjugated to photosynthetic drugs, since they are biocompatible, stabile, and durable, as well as have a high loading capacity, which improve either passive or active photosensitizer drug delivery to targeted cells. Therefore, various photosynthetic drugs and nanoparticle drug delivery systems specifically targeted for melanoma were analyzed in this review article in relation to either their passive or their active cellular uptake mechanisms in order to deduce the efficacy of photodynamic therapy treatment for metastatic melanoma which currently remains ongoing. The overall findings from this review concluded that no current photodynamic therapy studies have been performed in relation to active nanoparticle platform photosensitizer drug carrier systems for the treatment of metastatic melanoma, and so this type of research requires further investigation into developing a more efficient active nano-photosensitizer carrier smart drug that can be conjugated to specific cell surface receptors and combinative monoclonal antibodies so that a further enhanced and more efficient form of targeted photodynamic therapy for the treatment of metastatic melanoma can be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Channay Naidoo
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of
Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Cherie Ann Kruger
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of
Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Heidi Abrahamse
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of
Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Enhanced photodyamic therapy via photosensitizer-loaded nanoparticles for cancer treatment. JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL INVESTIGATION 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s40005-017-0363-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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