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Zhang HJ, Chiang CW, Maschmeyer-Tombs T, Conklin B, Napolitano JG, Lubach JW, Nagapudi K, Mao C, Chen Y. Generality of Enhancing the Dissolution Rates of Free Acid Amorphous Solid Dispersions by the Incorporation of Sodium Hydroxide. Mol Pharm 2024; 21:3395-3406. [PMID: 38836777 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.4c00118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
The incorporation of a counterion into an amorphous solid dispersion (ASD) has been proven to be an attractive strategy to improve the drug dissolution rate. In this work, the generality of enhancing the dissolution rates of free acid ASDs by incorporating sodium hydroxide (NaOH) was studied by surface-area-normalized dissolution. A set of diverse drug molecules, two common polymer carriers (copovidone or PVPVA and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate or HPMCAS), and two sample preparation methods (rotary evaporation and spray drying) were investigated. When PVPVA was used as the polymer carrier for the drugs in this study, enhancements of dissolution rates from 7 to 78 times were observed by the incorporation of NaOH into the ASDs at a 1:1 molar ratio with respect to the drug. The drugs having lower amorphous solubilities showed greater enhancement ratios, providing a promising path to improve the drug release performance from their ASDs. Samples generated by rotary evaporation and spray drying demonstrated comparable dissolution rates and enhancements when NaOH was added, establishing a theoretical foundation to bridge the ASD dissolution performance for samples prepared by different solvent-removal processes. In the comparison of polymer carriers, when HPMCAS was applied in the selected system (indomethacin ASD), a dissolution rate enhancement of 2.7 times by the incorporated NaOH was observed, significantly lower than the enhancement of 53 times from the PVPVA-based ASD. This was attributed to the combination of a lower dissolution rate of HPMCAS and the competition for NaOH between IMC and HPMCAS. By studying the generality of enhancing ASD dissolution rates by the incorporation of counterions, this study provides valuable insights into further improving drug release from ASD formulations of poorly water-soluble drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen J Zhang
- Small Molecule Pharmaceutical Sciences, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, 142 Weill Hall #3200, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Cheng W Chiang
- Small Molecule Pharmaceutical Sciences, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Tristan Maschmeyer-Tombs
- Small Molecule Pharmaceutical Sciences, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Breanna Conklin
- Small Molecule Pharmaceutical Sciences, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Jose G Napolitano
- Small Molecule Pharmaceutical Sciences, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Joseph W Lubach
- Small Molecule Pharmaceutical Sciences, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Karthik Nagapudi
- Small Molecule Pharmaceutical Sciences, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Chen Mao
- Small Molecule Pharmaceutical Sciences, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Yinshan Chen
- Small Molecule Pharmaceutical Sciences, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
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2
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Kawakami K, Ishitsuka T, Fukiage M, Nishida Y, Shirai T, Hirai Y, Hideshima T, Tanabe F, Shinoda K, Tamate R, Fujita T. Long-Term Physical Stability of Amorphous Solid Dispersions: Comparison of Detection Powers of Common Evaluation Methods for Spray-Dried and Hot-Melt Extruded Formulations. J Pharm Sci 2024:S0022-3549(24)00241-7. [PMID: 38950881 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2024.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
Although physical stability can be a critical issue during the development of amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs), there are no established protocols to predict/detect their physical stability. In this study, we have prepared fenofibrate ASDs using two representative manufacturing methods, hot-melt extrusion and spray-drying, to investigate their physical stability for one year. Intentionally unstable ASDs were designed to compare the detection power of each evaluation method, including X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and dissolution study. Each method did not provide the same judgment results on physical stability in some cases because of their different evaluation principles and sensitivity, which has been well-comprehended only for one-component glass. This study revealed that the detection powers of each evaluation method significantly depended on the manufacturing methods. DSC was an effective method to detect a small amount of crystals for both types of ASDs in a quantitative manner. Although the sensitivity of XRPD was always lower compared to that of DSC, interpretation of the data was the easiest. SEM was very effective for observing the crystallization of the small amount of drug for hot-melt extruded products, as the drug crystal vividly appeared on the large grains. The dissolution performance of spray-dried products could change even without any indication of physical change including crystallization. The advantage/disadvantage and complemental roles of each evaluation method are discussed for deeper understanding on the physical stability data of ASDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohsaku Kawakami
- Research Center for Macromolecules and Biomaterials, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan; Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan.
| | - Taichi Ishitsuka
- Pharmaceutical R&D, Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 1-15-26, Kamiji, higashinari-ku, Osaka 537-0003, Japan
| | - Masafumi Fukiage
- Pharmaceutical R&D, Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 1-15-26, Kamiji, higashinari-ku, Osaka 537-0003, Japan
| | - Yohei Nishida
- Sumitomo Pharma America, Inc., 84 Waterford Drive, Marlborough, MA 01752, USA
| | - Tetsuo Shirai
- API and Pharmaceutical Development Department, Fuji Chemical Industries Co., Ltd., 1, Gohkakizawa, Kamiichi, Nakaniikawa, Toyama 930-0397, Japan
| | - Yosuke Hirai
- API and Pharmaceutical Development Department, Fuji Chemical Industries Co., Ltd., 1, Gohkakizawa, Kamiichi, Nakaniikawa, Toyama 930-0397, Japan
| | - Tetsu Hideshima
- API and Pharmaceutical Development Department, Fuji Chemical Industries Co., Ltd., 1, Gohkakizawa, Kamiichi, Nakaniikawa, Toyama 930-0397, Japan
| | - Fumiaki Tanabe
- Nara Machinery Co., Ltd., 2-5-7 Jonan-Jima, Ohta-ku, Tokyo 143-0002, Japan
| | - Koji Shinoda
- Nara Machinery Co., Ltd., 2-5-7 Jonan-Jima, Ohta-ku, Tokyo 143-0002, Japan
| | - Ryota Tamate
- Research Center for Macromolecules and Biomaterials, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Takuya Fujita
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Noji-Higashi, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
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3
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Weecharangsan W, Lee RJ. Enhanced dissolution rates of glibenclamide through solid dispersions on microcrystalline cellulose and mannitol, combined with phosphatidylcholine. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2024; 50:297-305. [PMID: 38385210 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2024.2321388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the impact of physical solid dispersions of spray-dried glibenclamide (SG) on the surface of microcrystalline cellulose (MC) and mannitol (M) surfaces, as well as their combination with phosphatidylcholine (P), on enhancing the dissolution rate of glibenclamide (G). METHODS Solid dispersions were prepared using varying proportions of 1:1, 1:4, and 1:10 for SG on the surface of MC (SGA) and M (SGM), and then combined with P, in a proportion of 1:4:0.02 using spray drying. The particle size, specific surface area, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and dissolution rate of SGA and SGM were characterized. RESULTS SEM analysis revealed successful adhesion of SG onto the surface of the carrier surfaces. XRD showed reduced crystalline characteristic peaks for SGA, while SGM exhibited a sharp peaks pattern. Both SGA and SGM demonstrated higher dissolution rates compared to SG and G alone. Furthermore, the dissolution rates of the solid dispersions of SG, MC and P (SGAP), and SG, M, and P (SGMP) were sequentially higher than that of SGA and SGM. CONCLUSIONS The study suggests that physical solid dispersions of SG on MC and M, along with their combination with P, can effectively enhance the dissolution rate of G. These findings may be valuable in developing of oral solid drug dosage forms utilizing SGA, SGM, SGAP, and SGMP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanlop Weecharangsan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Srinakharinwirot University, Nakhon Nayok, Thailand
| | - Robert J Lee
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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Pluntze A, Beecher S, Anderson M, Wright D, Mudie D. Material-Sparing Feasibility Screening for Hot Melt Extrusion. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:76. [PMID: 38258087 PMCID: PMC10819182 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16010076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Hot melt extrusion (HME) offers a high-throughput process to manufacture amorphous solid dispersions. A variety of experimental and model-based approaches exist to predict API solubility in polymer melts, but these methods are typically aimed at determining the thermodynamic solubility and do not take into account kinetics of dissolution or the associated degradation of the API during thermal processing, both of which are critical considerations in generating a successful amorphous solid dispersion by HME. This work aims to develop a material-sparing approach for screening manufacturability of a given pharmaceutical API by HME using physically relevant time, temperature, and shear. Piroxicam, ritonavir, and phenytoin were used as model APIs with PVP VA64 as the dispersion polymer. We present a screening flowchart, aided by a simple custom device, that allows rapid formulation screening to predict both achievable API loadings and expected degradation from an HME process. This method has good correlation to processing with a micro compounder, a common HME screening industry standard, but only requires 200 mg of API or less.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Pluntze
- Global Research and Development, Small Molecules, Lonza, 64550 Research Road, Bend, OR 97703, USA (D.M.)
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Chiang CW, Tang S, Mao C, Chen Y. Effect of Buffer pH and Concentration on the Dissolution Rates of Sodium Indomethacin-Copovidone and Indomethacin-Copovidone Amorphous Solid Dispersions. Mol Pharm 2023; 20:6451-6462. [PMID: 37917181 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c00827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
The incorporation of counterions into amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) has been proven to be effective for improving the dissolution rates of ionizable drugs in ASDs. In this work, the effect of dissolution buffer pH and concentration on the dissolution rate of indomethacin-copovidone 40:60 (IMC-PVPVA, w/w) ASD with or without incorporated sodium hydroxide (NaOH) was studied by surface area-normalized dissolution to provide further mechanistic understanding of this phenomenon. Buffer pH from 4.7 to 7.2 and concentration from 20 to 100 mM at pH 5.5 were investigated. As the buffer pH decreased, the IMC dissolution rate from both ASDs decreased. Compared to IMC-PVPVA ASD, the dissolution rate decrease from IMCNa-PVPVA ASD was more resistant to the decrease of buffer pH. In contrast, while buffer concentration had a negligible impact on the IMC dissolution rate from IMC-PVPVA ASD, the increase of buffer concentration significantly reduced the IMC dissolution rate from IMCNa-PVPVA ASD. Surrogate evaluation of microenvironment pH modification by the dissolution of IMCNa-PVPVA ASD demonstrated the successful elevation of buffer microenvironment pH and the suppression of such pH elevation by the increase of buffer concentration. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that the dissolution rate enhancement by the incorporation of counterions originates from the enhanced drug solubility by ionization and the modification of diffusion layer pH in favor of drug dissolution. At the studied drug loading (∼40%), relatively congruent release between IMC and PVPVA was observed when IMC was ionized in ASD or in solution, highlighting the importance of studying the ionization effect on the congruent release of ASDs, especially when drug ionization is expected in vivo. Overall, this work further supports the application of incorporating counterions into ASDs for improving the dissolution rates of ionizable drugs when enabling formulation development is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng W Chiang
- Small Molecule Pharmaceutical Sciences, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Shijia Tang
- Small Molecule Pharmaceutical Sciences, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Chen Mao
- Small Molecule Pharmaceutical Sciences, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Yinshan Chen
- Small Molecule Pharmaceutical Sciences, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
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6
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Becelaere J, Frateur O, Schoolaert E, Vanhoorne V, D'hooge DR, Vervaet C, Hoogenboom R, De Clerck K. Solvent electrospinning amorphous solid dispersions with high itraconazole, celecoxib, mebendazole and fenofibrate drug loading and release potential. J Control Release 2023; 362:268-277. [PMID: 37648083 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.08.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the feasibility of ultra-high drug loaded amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) for the poorly soluble itraconazole, mebendazole and celecoxib via solvent electrospinning in combination with poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) and fenofibrate in combination with polyvinylpyrrolidone is demonstrated. By lowering the polymer concentration in the electrospinning solution below its individual spinnable limit, ASDs with a drug content of up to 80 wt% are obtained. This is attributed to drug-polymer interactions not being limited by default to hydrogen bonds, as also Van der Waals interactions can result in high drug loadings. The theoretically predicted miscibility by the Flory-Huggins theory is corroborated by the experimental findings based on (modulated) differential scanning calorimetry and x-ray diffraction. Globally, the maximally obtained amorphous drug loadings are higher compared to the loadings found in literature. Additionally, non-sink dissolution tests demonstrate an increase in solubility of up to 50 times compared to their crystalline counterparts. Moreover, due to the lack of precipitation biocompatible PEtOx succeeds in stabilizing the dissolved drug and inhibiting its instant precipitation. The current work thus demonstrates the broader applicability of the electrospinning technique for the production of physically stable ASDs with ultra-high drug loadings, a result which has been validated for several Biopharmaceutics Classification System class II drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Becelaere
- Ghent University, Department of Materials, Textiles and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Technologiepark 70A, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Olmo Frateur
- Ghent University, Department of Materials, Textiles and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Technologiepark 70A, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ella Schoolaert
- Ghent University, Department of Materials, Textiles and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Technologiepark 70A, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Valérie Vanhoorne
- Ghent University, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dagmar R D'hooge
- Ghent University, Department of Materials, Textiles and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Technologiepark 70A, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Chris Vervaet
- Ghent University, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Richard Hoogenboom
- Ghent University, Supramolecular Chemistry Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Krijgslaan 281 - S4, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Karen De Clerck
- Ghent University, Department of Materials, Textiles and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Technologiepark 70A, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium.
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7
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Budiman A, Handini AL, Muslimah MN, Nurani NV, Laelasari E, Kurniawansyah IS, Aulifa DL. Amorphous Solid Dispersion as Drug Delivery Vehicles in Cancer. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3380. [PMID: 37631436 PMCID: PMC10457821 DOI: 10.3390/polym15163380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer treatment has improved over the past decades, but a major challenge lies in drug formulation, specifically for oral administration. Most anticancer drugs have poor water solubility which can affect their bioavailability. This causes suboptimal pharmacokinetic performance, resulting in limited efficacy and safety when administered orally. As a result, it is essential to develop a strategy to modify the solubility of anticancer drugs in oral formulations to improve their efficacy and safety. A promising approach that can be implemented is amorphous solid dispersion (ASD) which can enhance the aqueous solubility and bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs. The addition of a polymer can cause stability in the formulations and maintain a high supersaturation in bulk medium. Therefore, this study aimed to summarize and elucidate the mechanisms and impact of an amorphous solid dispersion system on cancer therapy. To gather relevant information, a comprehensive search was conducted using keywords such as "anticancer drug" and "amorphous solid dispersion" in the PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases. The review provides an overview and discussion of the issues related to the ASD system used to improve the bioavailability of anticancer drugs based on molecular pharmaceutics. A thorough understanding of anticancer drugs in this system at a molecular level is imperative for the rational design of the products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arif Budiman
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl. Raya Bandung-Sumedang Km. 21, Bandung 45363, Indonesia; (A.L.H.); (M.N.M.); (N.V.N.); (E.L.); (I.S.K.)
| | - Annisa Luthfiyah Handini
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl. Raya Bandung-Sumedang Km. 21, Bandung 45363, Indonesia; (A.L.H.); (M.N.M.); (N.V.N.); (E.L.); (I.S.K.)
| | - Mutia Nur Muslimah
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl. Raya Bandung-Sumedang Km. 21, Bandung 45363, Indonesia; (A.L.H.); (M.N.M.); (N.V.N.); (E.L.); (I.S.K.)
| | - Neng Vera Nurani
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl. Raya Bandung-Sumedang Km. 21, Bandung 45363, Indonesia; (A.L.H.); (M.N.M.); (N.V.N.); (E.L.); (I.S.K.)
| | - Eli Laelasari
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl. Raya Bandung-Sumedang Km. 21, Bandung 45363, Indonesia; (A.L.H.); (M.N.M.); (N.V.N.); (E.L.); (I.S.K.)
| | - Insan Sunan Kurniawansyah
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl. Raya Bandung-Sumedang Km. 21, Bandung 45363, Indonesia; (A.L.H.); (M.N.M.); (N.V.N.); (E.L.); (I.S.K.)
| | - Diah Lia Aulifa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl. Raya Bandung-Sumedang Km. 21, Bandung 45363, Indonesia;
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Zhao P, Han W, Shu Y, Li M, Sun Y, Sui X, Liu B, Tian B, Liu Y, Fu Q. Liquid-liquid phase separation drug aggregate: Merit for oral delivery of amorphous solid dispersions. J Control Release 2023; 353:42-50. [PMID: 36414193 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
As a promising strategy, amorphous solid dispersion has been extensively employed in improving the oral bioavailability of insoluble drugs. Despite the numerous advantages, the problems associated with supersaturation stability limit its further application. Recently, the formation and stability of the liquid-liquid phase separation drug aggregate (LLPS-DA) have been found to be vital for supersaturation maintenance. An in-depth review of LLPS-DA was required to further explore the supersaturation maintenance mechanism in vivo. Hence, this study aimed to present a short review to introduce the LLPS-DA, highlight the in vivo advantages for oral administration, and discuss the prospects to help understand the in vivo behavior of LLPS-DA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peixu Zhao
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Wen Han
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yecheng Shu
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Mo Li
- Liaoning Institute for Drug Control, No. 7 Chongshan West Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yichi Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Xiaofan Sui
- Liaoning Institute for Drug Control, No. 7 Chongshan West Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Bingyang Liu
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Baocheng Tian
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, No. 346, Guanhai Road, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Yanhua Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Qiang Fu
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China.
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9
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Hiew TN, Saboo S, Zemlyanov DY, Punia A, Wang M, Smith D, Lowinger M, Solomos MA, Schenck L, Taylor LS. Improving Dissolution Performance and Drug Loading of Amorphous Dispersions Through a Hierarchical Particle Approach. J Pharm Sci 2022:S0022-3549(22)00583-4. [PMID: 36574837 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2022.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Co-precipitation is an emerging manufacturing strategy for amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs). Herein, the interplay between processing conditions, surface composition, and release performance was evaluated using grazoprevir and hypromellose acetate succinate as the model drug and polymer, respectively. Co-precipitated amorphous dispersion (cPAD) particles were produced in the presence and absence of an additional polymer that was either dissolved or dispersed in the anti-solvent. This additional polymer in the anti-solvent was deposited on the surfaces of the cPAD particles during isolation and drying to create hierarchical particles, which we define here as a core ASD particle with an additional water soluble component that is coating the particle surfaces. The resultant hierarchical particles were characterized using X-ray powder diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Release performance was evaluated using a two-stage dissolution test. XPS analysis revealed a trend whereby cPAD particles with a lower surface drug concentration showed improved release relative to particles with a higher surface drug concentration, for nominally similar drug loadings. This surface drug concentration could be impacted by whether the secondary polymer was dissolved in the anti-solvent or dispersed in the anti-solvent prior to isolating final dried hierarchical cPAD powders. Grazoprevir exposure in dogs was higher when the hierarchical cPAD was dosed, with ∼1.8 fold increase in AUC compared to the binary cPAD. These observations highlight the important interplay between processing conditions and ASD performance in the context of cPAD particles and illustrate a hierarchical particle design as a successful approach to alter ASD surface chemistry to improve dissolution performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tze Ning Hiew
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States
| | - Sugandha Saboo
- Oral Formulation Sciences, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Dmitry Y Zemlyanov
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States
| | - Ashish Punia
- Analytical Research & Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Michael Wang
- Biopharmaceutics, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Daniel Smith
- Analytical Research & Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Michael Lowinger
- Oral Formulation Sciences, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Marina A Solomos
- Process Research & Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Luke Schenck
- Process Research & Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Lynne S Taylor
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States.
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10
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Lumefantrine solid dispersions with piperine for the enhancement of solubility, bioavailability and anti-parasite activity. Int J Pharm 2022; 628:122354. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.122354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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11
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Patel K, Shah S, Patel J. Solid dispersion technology as a formulation strategy for the fabrication of modified release dosage forms: A comprehensive review. Daru 2022; 30:165-189. [PMID: 35437630 PMCID: PMC9114203 DOI: 10.1007/s40199-022-00440-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Solubility limited bioavailability is one of the crucial parameters that affect the formulation development of the new chemical entities. Thus the major constraint in the pharmaceutical product development is the suitable solubility enhancement technique for Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient. Solid dispersion (SD) is an established and preferred method for improving the solubility which ultimately may be helpful to enhance bioavailability. For long period of time Amorphous solid dispersion (ASD) have been preferred for improving solubility, but since last two decades, ASD approach have been combined with different modified release approaches to improvise the stability and site specificity of SD to grasp a hold over the specific advantages associated with such dosage forms. It is an established fact now that the SD technique not only improves solubility limited bioavailability, but it may be combined with other approaches to modify the drug release profile from the formulation as per the requirement based on the apt selection of SD carriers and suitable technology. This review covers the comprehensive overview of all such formulations where SD technology is used to serve dual purpose rather than only the sole purpose of solubility enhancement. The SD approach has been successfully implemented for some of the poorly soluble herbal drugs and still there is a vast scope of advancement in that area. The current review will provide a broad outcome in the area of SD technology for modified release formulations along with the description of current status and future prospective of SD. The SD formed by dispersing drug within the conventional carrier to form ASD increases solubility, dissolution rate and bioavailability; whereas fourth generation hydrophobic carriers provide added advantage of controlled release (CR) or sustained release (SR) profile along with enhanced stability of SD. On the other frontier, pH dependant carriers enable the SD to achieve site specificity or delayed release (DR) profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaushika Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, L. J. Institute of Pharmacy, L J University, Ahmedabad, 382 210, India.
- Gujarat Technological University, Ahmedabad, 382424, India.
| | - Shreeraj Shah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, L. J. Institute of Pharmacy, L J University, Ahmedabad, 382 210, India
| | - Jaymin Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, L. J. Institute of Pharmacy, L J University, Ahmedabad, 382 210, India
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12
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Gottschalk T, Grönniger B, Ludwig E, Wolbert F, Feuerbach T, Sadowski G, Thobmmes M. Influence of Process Temperature and Residence Time on the Manufacturing of Amorphous Solid Dispersions in Hot Melt Extrusion. Pharm Dev Technol 2022; 27:313-318. [PMID: 35272581 DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2022.2051549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The manufacturing of amorphous solid dispersions via hot melt extrusion is a topic of high interest in pharmaceutical development. By this technique, the drug is dissolved in the molten polymer above solubility temperature within the process time. In this study an experimental framework is proposed determining the minimum required process temperature and the residence time using particularly low quantities of material. Drug/polymer mixtures in different ratios were processed in a micro scale extruder while the process temperature and residence time were varied systematically. The phase situation was assessed by the turbidity of the final extrudate. Four different drug/polymer mixtures were investigated in three drug/polymer ratios. The minimum required process temperature was close to solubility temperature for each specific formulation. Moreover, an influence of residence time on the phase situation was found. About 3 minutes were required in order to dissolve the drug in the polymer at these process conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Gottschalk
- Laboratory of Solids Process Engineering, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany.,INVITE GmbH, Drug Delivery Innovation Center, Leverkusen, Germany
| | - B Grönniger
- Laboratory of Solids Process Engineering, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany.,Laboratory of Thermodynamics, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany
| | - E Ludwig
- Laboratory of Solids Process Engineering, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany
| | - F Wolbert
- Laboratory of Thermodynamics, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany.,INVITE GmbH, Drug Delivery Innovation Center, Leverkusen, Germany
| | - T Feuerbach
- Laboratory of Solids Process Engineering, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany
| | - G Sadowski
- Laboratory of Thermodynamics, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany
| | - M Thobmmes
- Laboratory of Solids Process Engineering, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany
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13
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Indulkar AS, Lou X, Zhang GGZ, Taylor LS. Role of Surfactants on Release Performance of Amorphous Solid Dispersions of Ritonavir and Copovidone. Pharm Res 2022; 39:381-397. [PMID: 35169959 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-022-03183-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To understand the role of different surfactants, incorporated into amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) of ritonavir and copovidone, in terms of their impact on release, phase behavior and stabilization of amorphous precipitates formed following drug release. METHODS Ternary ASDs with ritonavir, copovidone and surfactants (30:70:5 w/w/w) were prepared by rotary evaporation. ASD release performance was tested using Wood's intrinsic dissolution rate apparatus and compared to the binary drug-polymer ASD with 30% drug loading. Size measurement of amorphous droplets was performed using dynamic light scattering. Solid state characterization was performed using attenuated total reflectance-infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry and scanning electron microscopy. RESULTS All surfactant-containing ASDs showed improvement over the binary ASD. Span 85 and D-α-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol succinate (TPGS) showed complete release with no evidence of AAPS or crystallization whereas Span 20 and Tween 80 showed < 50% release with amorphous amorphous phase separation (AAPS). Span 20 also induced solution crystallization. Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) showed very rapid, albeit incomplete (~ 80%) release. AAPS was not observed with SDS. However, crystallization on the dissolving solid surface was noted. Span 20 and TPGS formed the smallest and most size-stable droplets with ~ 1 µm size whereas coalescence was noted with other surfactants. CONCLUSIONS Surfactants improved the release performance relative to the binary ASD. Different surfactant types impacted overall performance to varying extents and affected different attributes. Overall, Span 85 showed best performance (complete release, no crystallization/AAPS and small droplet size). Correlation between physicochemical properties and surfactant performance was not observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anura S Indulkar
- Drug Product Development, Research and Development, AbbVie Inc., N Waukegan Road, North Chicago, IL, 60064, USA
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Xiaochun Lou
- Drug Product Development, Research and Development, AbbVie Inc., N Waukegan Road, North Chicago, IL, 60064, USA
| | - Geoff G Z Zhang
- Drug Product Development, Research and Development, AbbVie Inc., N Waukegan Road, North Chicago, IL, 60064, USA.
| | - Lynne S Taylor
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
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14
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Zhang S, Zeng Q, Zhao G, Dong W, Ou L, Cai P, Liao Z, Liang X. Effect of carrier materials on the properties of the andrographolide solid dispersion. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/s2175-97902022e191023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shoude Zhang
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Qingyun Zeng
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Guowei Zhao
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Wei Dong
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Liquan Ou
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Ping Cai
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Zhenggen Liao
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Xinli Liang
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
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15
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Hiew TN, Zemlyanov DY, Taylor LS. Balancing Solid-State Stability and Dissolution Performance of Lumefantrine Amorphous Solid Dispersions: The Role of Polymer Choice and Drug-Polymer Interactions. Mol Pharm 2021; 19:392-413. [PMID: 34494842 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.1c00481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) are of great interest due to their ability to enhance the delivery of poorly soluble drugs. Recent studies have shown that, in addition to acting as a crystallization inhibitor, the polymer in an ASD plays a role in controlling the rate of drug release, notably in congruently releasing formulations, where both the drug and polymer have similar normalized release rates. The aim of this study was to compare the solid-state stability and release performance of ASDs when formulated with neutral and enteric polymers. One neutral (polyvinylpyrrolidone-vinyl acetate copolymer, PVPVA) and four enteric polymers (hypromellose acetate succinate; hypromellose phthalate; cellulose acetate phthalate, CAP; methacrylic acid-methyl methacrylate copolymer, Eudragit L 100) were used to formulate binary ASDs with lumefantrine, a hydrophobic and weakly basic antimalarial drug. The normalized drug and polymer release rates of lumefantrine-PVPVA ASDs up to 35% drug loading (DL) were similar and rapid. No drug release from PVPVA systems was detected when the DL was increased to 40%. In contrast, ASDs formulated with enteric polymers showed a DL-dependent decrease in the release rates of both the drug and polymer, whereby release was slower than for PVPVA ASDs for DLs < 40% DL. Drug release from CAP and Eudragit L 100 systems was the slowest and drug amorphous solubility was not achieved even at 5% DL. Although lumefantrine-PVPVA ASDs showed fast release, they also showed rapid drug crystallization under accelerated stability conditions, while the ASDs with enteric polymers showed much greater resistance to crystallization. This study highlights the importance of polymer selection in the formulation of ASDs, where a balance between physical stability and dissolution release must be achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tze Ning Hiew
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Dmitry Y Zemlyanov
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Lynne S Taylor
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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16
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Chen Y, Lubach JW, Tang S, Narang AS. Effect of Counterions on Dissolution of Amorphous Solid Dispersions Studied by Surface Area Normalized Dissolution. Mol Pharm 2021; 18:3429-3438. [PMID: 34338529 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.1c00325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Solubility enhancement has become a common requirement for formulation development to deliver poorly water soluble drugs. Amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) and salt formation have been two successful strategies, yet there are opportunities for further development. For ASDs, drug-polymer phase separation may occur at high drug loadings during dissolution, limiting the increase of drug loadings in ASD formulations. For salt formation, a salt form with high crystallinity and sufficient solid-state stability is required for solid dosage form development. This work studied the effect of counterions on the dissolution performance of ASDs. Surface area normalized dissolution or intrinsic dissolution methodology was employed to eliminate the effect of particle size and provide a quantitative comparison of the counterion effect on the intrinsic dissolution rate. Using indomethacin (IMC)-poly(vinylpyrrolidone-co-vinyl acetate) ASD as a model system, the effect of different bases incorporated into the ASD during preparation, the molar ratios between the base and IMC, and the drug loadings in the ASD were systematically studied. Strong bases capable of ionizing IMC significantly enhanced drug dissolution, while a weak base did not. A physical mixture of a strong base and the ASD also enhanced the dissolution rate, but the effect was less pronounced. At different base to IMC molar ratios, dissolution enhancement increased with the base to IMC ratio. At different drug loadings, without a base, the IMC dissolution rate decreased with the increase of drug loading. After incorporating a strong base, it increased with the increase of drug loading. The observations from this study were thought to be related to both the ionization of IMC in ASDs and the increase of microenvironment pH by the incorporated bases. With the significant enhancement of the drug dissolution rate, our work provides a promising approach of overcoming the dissolution limitation of ASD formulations at high drug loadings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinshan Chen
- Small Molecule Pharmaceutical Sciences, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Joseph W Lubach
- Small Molecule Pharmaceutical Sciences, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Shijia Tang
- Small Molecule Pharmaceutical Sciences, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Ajit S Narang
- Small Molecule Pharmaceutical Sciences, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
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17
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Bhujbal SV, Mitra B, Jain U, Gong Y, Agrawal A, Karki S, Taylor LS, Kumar S, (Tony) Zhou Q. Pharmaceutical amorphous solid dispersion: A review of manufacturing strategies. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:2505-2536. [PMID: 34522596 PMCID: PMC8424289 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) are popular for enhancing the solubility and bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs. Various approaches have been employed to produce ASDs and novel techniques are emerging. This review provides an updated overview of manufacturing techniques for preparing ASDs. As physical stability is a critical quality attribute for ASD, the impact of formulation, equipment, and process variables, together with the downstream processing on physical stability of ASDs have been discussed. Selection strategies are proposed to identify suitable manufacturing methods, which may aid in the development of ASDs with satisfactory physical stability.
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Key Words
- 3DP, three-dimensional printing
- ASDs, amorphous solid dispersions
- ASES, aerosol solvent extraction system
- Amorphous solid dispersions
- CAP, cellulose acetate phthalate
- CO2, carbon dioxide
- CSG, continuous-spray granulation
- Co-precipitation
- Downstream processing
- Drug delivery
- EPAS, evaporative aqueous solution precipitation
- Eudragit®, polymethacrylates derivatives
- FDM, fused deposition modeling
- GAS, gas antisolvent
- HME, hot-melt extrusion
- HPC, hydroxypropyl cellulose
- HPMC, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose
- HPMCAS, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate
- HPMCP, hypromellose phthalate
- Manufacturing
- Melting process
- PCA, precipitation with compressed fluid antisolvent
- PGSS, precipitation from gas-saturated solutions
- PLGA, poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid
- PVP, polyvinylpyrrolidone
- PVPVA, polyvinylpyrrolidone/vinyl acetate
- RESS, rapid expansion of a supercritical solution
- SAS, supercritical antisolvent
- SCFs, supercritical fluids
- SEDS, solution-enhanced dispersion by SCF
- SLS, selective laser sintering
- Selection criteria
- Soluplus®, polyvinyl caprolactam-polyvinyl acetate-polyethylene glycol graft copolymer
- Solvent evaporation
- Stability
- Tg, glass transition temperature
- USC, ultrasound compaction
- scCO2, supercritical CO2
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonal V. Bhujbal
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Biplob Mitra
- Oral Product Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, Summit, NJ 07901, USA
| | - Uday Jain
- Material Science and Engineering, Bristol Myers Squibb, Summit, NJ 07901, USA
| | - Yuchuan Gong
- Oral Product Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, Summit, NJ 07901, USA
| | - Anjali Agrawal
- Oral Product Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, Summit, NJ 07901, USA
| | - Shyam Karki
- Oral Product Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, Summit, NJ 07901, USA
| | - Lynne S. Taylor
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Sumit Kumar
- Oral Product Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, Summit, NJ 07901, USA
| | - Qi (Tony) Zhou
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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18
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Solvent influence on manufacturability, phase behavior and morphology of amorphous solid dispersions prepared via bead coating. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2021; 167:175-188. [PMID: 34325003 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2021.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Bead coating or fluid-bed coating serves as an auspicious solvent-based amorphous solid dispersion (ASD) manufacturing technique in respect of minimization of potential physical stability issues. However, the impact of solvent selection on the bead coating process and its resulting pellet formulation is, to the best of our knowledge, never investigated before. This study therefore aims to investigate the influence of the solvent on the bead coating process itself (i.e. manufacturability) and on solid-state characteristics of the resulting ASDs coated onto beads. For this purpose, the drug-polymer system felodipine (FEL)-poly(vinylpyrrolidone-co-vinyl acetate) (PVP-VA) was coated onto microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) beads from acetonitrile (ACN), methanol (MeOH), ethanol (EtOH), acetone (Ac), 2-propanol (PrOH), dichloromethane (DCM) and ethyl acetate (EthAc). A drug loading screening approach with bead coating revealed analogous ability to manufacture high drug-loaded ASDs from the different organic solvents. The results show no correlation with crystallization tendency or with equilibrium solubility of the drug in the different solvents, nor with the solvent-dependent drug-polymer miscibility obtained from film casting experiments. Distinct coating morphologies were however observed for PVP-VA and FEL-PVP-VA ASDs deposited onto beads from the various solvents, which is attributed to differences in solvent evaporation kinetics.
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19
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Saboo S, Bapat P, Moseson DE, Kestur US, Taylor LS. Exploring the Role of Surfactants in Enhancing Drug Release from Amorphous Solid Dispersions at Higher Drug Loadings. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13050735. [PMID: 34067666 PMCID: PMC8156319 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13050735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
To reduce the dosage size of amorphous solid dispersion (ASD)-based formulations, it is of interest to devise formulation strategies that allow increased drug loading (DL) without compromising dissolution performance. The aim of this study was to explore how surfactant addition impacts drug release as a function of drug loading from a ternary ASD, using felodipine as a model poorly soluble compound. The addition of 5% TPGS (d-α-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate, a surfactant) to felodipine-polyvinylpyrrolidone/vinyl acetate ASDs was found to facilitate rapid and congruent (i.e., simultaneous) release of drug and polymer at higher DLs relative to binary ASDs (drug and polymer only). For binary ASDs, good release was observed for DLs up to <20% DL; this increased to 35% DL with surfactant. Microstructure evolution in ASD films following exposure to 100% relative humidity was studied using atomic force microscopy coupled with nanoscale infrared imaging. The formation of discrete, spherical drug-rich domains in the presence of surfactant appeared to be linked to systems showing congruent and rapid release of drug and polymer. In contrast, a contiguous drug-rich phase was formed for systems without surfactant at higher DLs. This study supports the addition of surfactant to ASD formulations as a strategy to increase DL without compromising release. Furthermore, insights into the potential role of surfactant in altering ASD release mechanisms are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sugandha Saboo
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; (S.S.); (P.B.); (D.E.M.)
- Oral Formulation Sciences and Technology, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Pradnya Bapat
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; (S.S.); (P.B.); (D.E.M.)
| | - Dana E. Moseson
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; (S.S.); (P.B.); (D.E.M.)
| | - Umesh S. Kestur
- Drug Product Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, One Squib Drive, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA;
| | - Lynne S. Taylor
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; (S.S.); (P.B.); (D.E.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-765-496-6614
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20
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Tran PHL, Lee BJ, Tran TTD. Recent studies on the processes and formulation impacts in the development of solid dispersions by hot-melt extrusion. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2021; 164:13-19. [PMID: 33887388 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2021.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Industrial-scale pharmaceutical applications still face many challenges in overcoming the low absorption and bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs. Hot-melt extrusion has emerged as a promising approach with continuous processing on an industrial scale for the preparation of drug delivery systems. Many reviews have mentioned the potential applications, processes, principles and advantages and disadvantages of hot-melt extrusion in the pharmaceutical industry. However, a focus on the recent progress of hot-melt extrusion, which investigates the impacts of processes and formulations of solid dispersions of poorly water-soluble drugs, is missing. In this review, various factors, including polymers, drug properties, additives and surfactants, in solid dispersion SD formulations by hot-melt extrusion will be discussed. Moreover, the effects of the hot-melt extrusion process on the physicochemical properties of solid dispersions will be mentioned. The utilization of molecular interactions in hot-melt extrusion to improve drug stability will also be described. Overall, this summary of recent studies on solid dispersion by hot-melt extrusion will provide perspectives and effectiveness for the development of formulations containing poorly water-soluble drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phuong H L Tran
- Deakin University, School of Medicine, IMPACT, Institute for Innovation in Physical and Mental Health and Clinical Translation, Geelong, Australia
| | - Beom-Jin Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Ajou University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Thao T D Tran
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Danang 550000, Vietnam; The Faculty of Pharmacy, Duy Tan University, Danang 550000, Vietnam.
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21
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Bochmann ES, Steidel A, Rosenblatt KM, Gessner D, Liepold B. Assessment of the amorphous solid dispersion erosion behavior following a novel small-scale predictive approach. Eur J Pharm Sci 2021; 158:105682. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2020.105682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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22
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Patterns of drug release as a function of drug loading from amorphous solid dispersions: A comparison of five different polymers. Eur J Pharm Sci 2020; 155:105514. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2020.105514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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23
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Li N, Cape JL, Mankani BR, Zemlyanov DY, Shepard KB, Morgen MM, Taylor LS. Water-Induced Phase Separation of Spray-Dried Amorphous Solid Dispersions. Mol Pharm 2020; 17:4004-4017. [PMID: 32931293 PMCID: PMC7539301 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.0c00798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Spray
drying is widely used in the manufacturing of amorphous solid
dispersion (ASD) systems due to its fast drying rate, enabling kinetic
trapping of the drug in amorphous form. Spray-drying conditions, such
as solvent composition, can have a profound impact on the properties
of spray-dried dispersions. In this study, the phase behavior of spray-dried
dispersions from methanol and methanol–water mixtures was assessed
using ritonavir and copovidone [poly(vinylpyrrolidone-co-vinyl acetate)
(PVPVA)] as dispersion components. The resultant ASDs were characterized
using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), fluorescence spectroscopy,
X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), as well as surface-normalized
dissolution rate (SNDR) measurements. Quaternary phase diagrams were
calculated using a four-component Flory–Huggins model. It was
found that the addition of water to the solvent system can lead to
phase separation during the spray-drying process. A 10:90 H2O/MeOH solvent system caused a minor extent of phase separation.
Phase heterogeneity in the 50 and 75% drug loading ASDs prepared from
this spray solvent can be detected using DSC but not with other techniques
used. The 25% drug loading system did not show phase heterogeneity
in solid-state characterization but exhibited a compromised dissolution
rate compared to that of the miscible ASD prepared from H2O-free solvent. This is possibly due to the formation of slow-releasing
drug-rich phases upon phase separation. ASDs prepared with a 60:40
H2O/MeOH solvent mixture showed phase heterogeneity with
all analytical methods used. The surface composition of dispersion
particles as measured by fluorescence spectroscopy and XPS showed
good agreement, suggesting surface drug enrichment of the spray-dried
ASD particles prepared from this solvent system. Calculated phase
diagrams and drying trajectories were consistent with experimental
observations, suggesting that small variations in solvent composition
may cause significant changes in ASD phase behavior during drying.
These findings should aid in spray-drying process development for
ASD manufacturing and can be applied broadly to assess the risk of
phase separation for spray-drying systems using mixed organic solvents
or other solvent-based processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Li
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, 69 North Eagleville Road Unit 3092, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Jonathan L Cape
- Research & Development, Lonza Pharma and Biotech, 1201 NW Wall Street, Suite 200, Bend, Oregon 97703, United States
| | - Bharat R Mankani
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States.,MarqMetrix Inc., Emerald Landing, 2157 N Northlake Way #240, Seattle, Washington 98103, United States
| | - Dmitry Y Zemlyanov
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Kimberly B Shepard
- Research & Development, Lonza Pharma and Biotech, 1201 NW Wall Street, Suite 200, Bend, Oregon 97703, United States
| | - Michael M Morgen
- Research & Development, Lonza Pharma and Biotech, 1201 NW Wall Street, Suite 200, Bend, Oregon 97703, United States
| | - Lynne S Taylor
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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Matić J, Paudel A, Bauer H, Garcia RAL, Biedrzycka K, Khinast JG. Developing HME-Based Drug Products Using Emerging Science: a Fast-Track Roadmap from Concept to Clinical Batch. AAPS PharmSciTech 2020; 21:176. [PMID: 32572701 PMCID: PMC7308264 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-020-01713-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper presents a rational workflow for developing enabling formulations, such as amorphous solid dispersions, via hot-melt extrusion in less than a year. First, our approach to an integrated product and process development framework is described, including state-of-the-art theoretical concepts, modeling, and experimental characterization described in the literature and developed by us. Next, lab-scale extruder setups are designed (processing conditions and screw design) based on a rational, model-based framework that takes into account the thermal load required, the mixing capabilities, and the thermo-mechanical degradation. The predicted optimal process setup can be validated quickly in the pilot plant. Lastly, a transfer of the process to any GMP-certified manufacturing site can be performed in silico for any extruder based on our validated computational framework. In summary, the proposed workflow massively reduces the risk in product and process development and shortens the drug-to-market time for enabling formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josip Matić
- Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH, Graz, Austria
| | - Amrit Paudel
- Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH, Graz, Austria.
- Institute for Process and Particle Engineering, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria.
| | - Hannes Bauer
- Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH, Graz, Austria
| | | | | | - Johannes G Khinast
- Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH, Graz, Austria.
- Institute for Process and Particle Engineering, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria.
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Saboo S, Kestur US, Flaherty DP, Taylor LS. Congruent Release of Drug and Polymer from Amorphous Solid Dispersions: Insights into the Role of Drug-Polymer Hydrogen Bonding, Surface Crystallization, and Glass Transition. Mol Pharm 2020; 17:1261-1275. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.9b01272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sugandha Saboo
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Umesh S. Kestur
- Drug Product Science and Technology, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, One Squib Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Daniel P. Flaherty
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Lynne S. Taylor
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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Shi X, Fan N, Zhang G, Sun J, He Z, Li J. Quercetin amorphous solid dispersions prepared by hot melt extrusion with enhanced solubility and intestinal absorption. Pharm Dev Technol 2020; 25:472-481. [DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2019.1709502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xianbao Shi
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China
| | - Na Fan
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Gang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Function of Natural Medicine, Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jin Sun
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Zhonggui He
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Jing Li
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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Ziaee A, O'Dea S, Howard-Hildige A, Padrela L, Potter C, Iqbal J, Albadarin AB, Walker G, O'Reilly EJ. Amorphous solid dispersion of ibuprofen: A comparative study on the effect of solution based techniques. Int J Pharm 2019; 572:118816. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.118816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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28
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Boel E, Smeets A, Vergaelen M, De la Rosa VR, Hoogenboom R, Van den Mooter G. Comparative study of the potential of poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) as carrier in the formulation of amorphous solid dispersions of poorly soluble drugs. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2019; 144:79-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2019.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Han YR, Ma Y, Lee PI. Impact of phase separation morphology on release mechanism of amorphous solid dispersions. Eur J Pharm Sci 2019; 136:104955. [PMID: 31199980 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2019.104955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 06/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) can phase separate in the gel phase during dissolution, lowering the chemical potential and thus the driving force for drug release. The purpose of this study is to explore the connection between amorphous phase separation in the hydrated ASD and its resulting release rate. Poorly soluble model compounds - indomethacin (IND) and ritonavir (RTV) - were formulated as ASDs using PVP as carrier. Rotating disk dissolution studies with varying drug loading levels of IND-PVP and RTV-PVP showed that the drug release was fastest at an intermediate drug loading level. This was in part due to faster erosion of the ASD at lower drug loading levels. More interestingly, at low drug loading levels, PVP and the drug co-eroded, while at high drug loading levels, PVP was released preferentially. In the case of RTV-PVP, the loading level corresponding to this transition was correlated with the change in phase separation morphology as probed by confocal fluorescence imaging studies. At low drug loading levels, the hydrophobic domains were discrete domains while at high drug loading levels, hydrophobic domains were continuous. Our results suggest that at low drug loadings, release is mediated by erosion of the polymer along with embedded drug rich droplets, whereas at high drug loadings, formation of a drug-rich domain continuous morphology leads to preferential release of the polymer-rich domains. The transition from hydrophobic discrete to hydrophobic continuous morphology occurs at the percolation threshold. We discuss the two mechanisms of phase separation and its impact on the drug release from ASDs in the context of the ternary phase diagram.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Rang Han
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Yingshan Ma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Ping I Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3M2, Canada.
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30
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Low dose scanning transmission electron microscopy of organic crystals by scanning moiré fringes. Micron 2019; 120:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2019.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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31
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Sardana K, Khurana A, Gupta A. Parameters that determine dissolution and efficacy of itraconazole and its relevance to recalcitrant dermatophytoses. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2019; 12:443-452. [PMID: 30952196 DOI: 10.1080/17512433.2019.1604218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Recalcitrant dermatophytoses is on the rise. Though myriad factors contribute to recalcitrance including terbinafine resistance, itraconazole largely remains sensitive. However, there are increasing instances of patients not responding adequately to itraconazole despite low MICs, probably due to issues plaguing the pelletization process, resulting in suboptimal quality. Data on this topic was searched on pubmed using the search items: itraconazole, MIC, MFC, quality, assay, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, dermatophytoses, and recalcitrance. Areas covered: A detailed analysis of the manufacturing process of itraconazole with emphasis on pelletization and parameters affecting the dissolution and bioavailability is presented. Important formulation factors including drug-polymer ratio, polymer type, coating thickness, bead size, and number are discussed. Also covered is the rationale of dosimetry of itraconazole in dermatophytoses based on the skin pharmacokinetics and MIC of the organism. Expert opinion: The process of pelletization has multiple components aiming to achieve maximum dissolution of the drug. Variations in the process, pellet quality, number, and polymer determine absorption. Morphometric analysis of pellets is a simple method to quantify quality of the drug. Once the process has been standardized, dosimetry depends on the route of secretion and site of infection, accounting for the variation of doses from 100 mg to 400 mg/day.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kabir Sardana
- a Department of Dermatology , Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital , New Delhi , India
| | - Ananta Khurana
- a Department of Dermatology , Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital , New Delhi , India
| | - Aastha Gupta
- a Department of Dermatology , Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital , New Delhi , India
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Biorelevant intrinsic dissolution profiling in early drug development: Fundamental, methodological, and industrial aspects. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2019; 139:101-114. [PMID: 30862481 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2019.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2018] [Revised: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Intrinsic dissolution rate (IDR) is the surface specific dissolution rate of a drug. In early drug development, this property (among other parameters) is measured in order to compare different polymorphs and salt forms, guide formulation decisions, and to provide a quality marker of the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) during production. In this review, an update on different methods and small-scale techniques that have recently evolved for determination of IDR is provided. The importance of biorelevant media and the hydrodynamic conditions of dissolution are also discussed. Different preparation techniques for samples are presented with a focus on disc, particle- and crystal-based methods. A number of small-scale techniques are then described in detail, and their applicability domains are identified. Finally, an updated industrial perspective is provided about IDR's place in the early drug development process.
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33
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Saboo S, Mugheirbi NA, Zemlyanov DY, Kestur US, Taylor LS. Congruent release of drug and polymer: A “sweet spot” in the dissolution of amorphous solid dispersions. J Control Release 2019; 298:68-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2019.01.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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34
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Microstructure Formation for Improved Dissolution Performance of Lopinavir Amorphous Solid Dispersions. Mol Pharm 2019; 16:1751-1765. [PMID: 30811205 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.9b00117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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35
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Effect of Carrier Lipophilicity and Preparation Method on the Properties of Andrographolide⁻Solid Dispersion. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:pharmaceutics11020074. [PMID: 30744157 PMCID: PMC6409804 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11020074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Solid dispersion (SD) is a useful approach to improve the dissolution rate and bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs. This work investigated the effects of carrier material lipophilicity and preparation method on the properties of andrographolide (AG)–SD. The SDs of AG and the carrier materials, polyethylene glycol (PEG) and PEG grafted with carbon chains of different length (grafted PEG), have been prepared by spray-drying and vacuum-drying methods. In AG–SDs prepared by the different preparation methods with the same polymer as carrier material, the intermolecular interaction, 5% weight-loss temperature, the melting temperature (Tm), surface morphology, crystallinity, and dissolution behavior have significant differences. In the AG–SDs prepared by the same spray-drying method with different grafted PEG as carrier material, Tm, surface morphology, crystallinity, and dissolution behavior had little difference. In the AG–SDs prepared by the same vacuum-drying method with different grafted PEG as carrier material, the crystallinity and Tm decreased, and the dissolution rate of AG increased with the increase of grafted PEG lipophilicity. The preparation method has an important effect on the properties of SD. The increase of carrier material lipophilicity is beneficial to the thermal stability of SD, the decrease of crystallinity and the increase of dissolution rate of a poorly water-soluble drug in the SD.
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36
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Yang B, Wu L, Ke J, Zhou L, Chen M, Li S, Feng X. Effects of Polymer/Surfactant as Carriers on the Solubility and Dissolution of Fenofibrate Solid Dispersion. AAPS PharmSciTech 2019; 20:102. [PMID: 30723877 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-018-1273-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this work is to investigate the effects of polymer/surfactant as carriers on the solubility and dissolution of fenofibrate solid dispersions (FF SDs) with the aid of systematic research on the physicochemical properties of the polymer/surfactant system and further highlight the importance of studying polymer/surfactant interaction in the preformulation. The critical micelle concentration (CMC) of sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) and critical aggregation concentration (CAC) of polymer/SLS solutions were obtained through conductivity measurement. Meanwhile, surface tension, viscosity, morphology, and wettability of polymer/SLS with different weight ratios of SLS were analyzed to screen out the suitable content of SLS (weight%, 5% in carriers) incorporated in SDs. Polymer/SLS coprecipitate and FF SDs were prepared by the solvent evaporation method. The results from differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis showed that FF was molecularly dispersed in SDs. Compared to the solubility of FF in povidone/SLS (PVP/SLS) solutions, the increment of FF solubility in copovidone/SLS (VA64/SLS) solutions was due to the formation of free SLS micelles, which have been confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Particularly, the wettability of FF SDs and physical mixtures (PMs) was also determined by the sessile drop technique. A linear relationship between the wettability of carriers and that of FF SDs was found, which revealed the significant role of carriers on the surface composition of FF SDs. As the molecular weight of PVP increased, the wettability of carriers decreased, thus leading to the reduction of the dissolution rate of SDs. Although the presence of SLS did not enhance the dissolution of FF SDs, it increased the amount of drug released at the initial stage. All these results indicated that the polymer/SLS interaction would affect the performance of SDs; hence, it was necessary to study their properties in the preformulation.
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37
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Indulkar AS, Lou X, Zhang GGZ, Taylor LS. Insights into the Dissolution Mechanism of Ritonavir-Copovidone Amorphous Solid Dispersions: Importance of Congruent Release for Enhanced Performance. Mol Pharm 2019; 16:1327-1339. [PMID: 30669846 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.8b01261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to probe the dissolution mechanisms of amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) of a poorly water-soluble drug formulated with a hydrophilic polymer. Ritonavir (RTV) and polyvinylpyrrolidone/vinyl acetate (PVPVA) were used as the model drug and polymer, respectively. ASDs with drug loadings (DLs) from 10 to 50 wt % were prepared by solvent evaporation. Surface-normalized dissolution experiments were carried out using Wood's intrinsic dissolution apparatus, and both drug and polymer release were quantified. ASDs at or below 25% DL showed rapid, complete, and congruent (i.e., simultaneous) release of the drug and polymer with dissolution rates similar to that of the polymer alone. The highest drug loading at which congruent release was observed is termed the limit of congruency (LoC) and occurred at 25% DL for RTV-PVPVA. The ASD with 30% DL showed an initial lag time, followed by a period of congruent release. At later times, the release of drug and polymer became incongruent with polymer releasing faster than drug. Higher DL ASDs (40 and 50%) showed slow release of both drug and polymer, whereby the drug release rate was similar to that of the neat amorphous drug. In cases where the release of the ASD components was congruent or close to congruent, the drug concentration exceeded the amorphous solubility, and liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) occurred with the formation of colloidal, drug-rich species. Solid state analyses of the ASD tablet surface by infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy revealed that the partially dissolved tablet surface remains smooth, and drug-polymer miscibility is retained at low DLs; whereas, at a very high DL, the surface is porous and enriched with amorphous drug. In concert, these observations suggest that ASD dissolution and drug release at low DLs is governed primarily by hydrophilic polymer; whereas, at high DLs, amorphous drug controls dissolution. Fluorescence microscopy images of thin ASD films suggested that ASDs at or below the LoC remain homogeneous even after exposure to water. In contrast ASDs with DL above LoC undergo, to various extents, water-induced amorphous-amorphous phase separation (AAPS) leading to demixing of the drug and polymer. Correlating the observations of the dissolution study with the solid state data suggest that the ASDs with DLs higher than the LoC undergo AAPS in the hydrating matrix on the surface of the dissolving solid during dissolution, leading to separation of drug and polymer, the formation of a drug-rich interface, and hence, incongruent and/or slow release of the components. In contrast, low DL ASDs dissolve before AAPS occurs. The competition between these two parallel and competing processes on the surface of ASD solids, i.e., dissolution and AAPS, thus dictates the overall release characteristics of the ASD formulations, which is one of the most important considerations in designing formulations with superior dissolution and absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anura S Indulkar
- Drug Product Development, Research and Development , AbbVie Inc. , North Chicago , Illinois 60064 , United States.,Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy , Purdue University , West Lafayette , Indiana 47907 , United States
| | - Xiaochun Lou
- Drug Product Development, Research and Development , AbbVie Inc. , North Chicago , Illinois 60064 , United States
| | - Geoff G Z Zhang
- Drug Product Development, Research and Development , AbbVie Inc. , North Chicago , Illinois 60064 , United States
| | - Lynne S Taylor
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy , Purdue University , West Lafayette , Indiana 47907 , United States
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38
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Melt-based screening method with improved predictability regarding polymer selection for amorphous solid dispersions. Eur J Pharm Sci 2018; 124:339-348. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2018.08.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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39
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Wang S, Liu C, Chen Y, Zhang Z, Zhu A, Qian F. A high-sensitivity HPLC-ELSD method for HPMC-AS quantification and its application in elucidating the release mechanism of HPMC-AS based amorphous solid dispersions. Eur J Pharm Sci 2018; 122:303-310. [PMID: 30006181 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2018.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate (HPMC-AS) is one of the most widely used polymers used in amorphous solid dispersions (ASD) for solubility and bioavailability enhancement of poorly water-soluble drugs. Once released from ASDs, HPMC-AS was often found to be highly effective in maintaining drug supersaturation, and this capability is dependent on the concentration and substitution types of this pH-dependent polymer. Therefore, accurate quantification of different grades of HPMC-AS allows us to better understand the release and supersaturation mechanisms of HPMC-AS based ASDs. Since previously reported analytical methods were unable to quantify HPMC-AS in a complex medium with enough sensitivity, we hereby developed a high-sensitivity HPLC-ELSD (evaporative light scattering detector) method with satisfactory specificity, linearity, accuracy and precision, to quantify HPMC-AS down to 20 μg/mL in dissolution media, with the presence of various commonly used pharmaceutical excipients. With the assistance of this method, we compared the intrinsic dissolution rates (IDR) of both the drug and the polymer of posaconazole ASDs based on different types of HPMC-AS. We observed that: 1) For ASDs that were spray dried and uniformly mixed, drug and polymer released simultaneously into the medium with practically identical IDRs slower than the IDR of pure HPMC-AS; 2) For ASDs that were heterogeneously mixed, IDRs of the drug and polymer were significantly slower or faster than the IDRs of the drug and polymer of the uniform ASDs, respectively. In summary, the high sensitivity HPLC-ELSD method established here can be readily applied to quantify HPMC-AS in various dissolution media, thus helps to reveal the release kinetics and mechanisms of different HPMC-AS based ASDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, and Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Chengyu Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, and Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuejie Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, and Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Pharmaceutical Development and Manufacture Science, Janssen Research & Development, Johnson & Johnson, Shanghai, China
| | - Alan Zhu
- Pharmaceutical Development and Manufacture Science, Janssen Research & Development, Johnson & Johnson, Shanghai, China.
| | - Feng Qian
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, and Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
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40
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Bhujbal SV, Zemlyanov DY, Cavallaro A, Mangal S, Taylor LS, Zhou QT. Qualitative and Quantitative Characterization of Composition Heterogeneity on the Surface of Spray Dried Amorphous Solid Dispersion Particles by an Advanced Surface Analysis Platform with High Surface Sensitivity and Superior Spatial Resolution. Mol Pharm 2018; 15:2045-2053. [PMID: 29641898 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.8b00122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Surface composition critically impacts stability (e.g., crystallization) and performance (e.g., dissolution) of spray dried amorphous solid dispersion (ASD) formulations; however, traditional characterization techniques such as Raman and infrared spectroscopies may not provide useful information on surface composition on the spray dried ASD particles due to low spatial resolution, high probing depth, and lack of quantitative information. This study presents an advanced surface characterization platform consisting of two complementary techniques: X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS). Such a platform enables qualitative and quantitative measurements of surface composition for the fine spray dried ASD particles with ultrasurface-sensitivity (less than 10 nm from the surface) and superior spatial resolution (approximately 250 nm for ToF-SIMS). Both XPS and ToF-SIMS demonstrated that the polymer (PVPVA) was dominantly enriched on the surface of our spray dried naproxen-PVPVA ASD particles. Of a particular note was that XPS could differentiate two batches of spray dried ASD particles with a subtle difference in surface composition produced by varying feed solution solvents. This advanced surface characterization platform will provide essential surface information to understand the mechanisms underlying the impact of surface composition on stability (e.g., crystallization) and functionality (e.g., dissolution) in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonal V Bhujbal
- Department of Industrial, Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy , Purdue University , 575 Stadium Mall Drive , West Lafayette , Indiana 47907 , United States
| | - Dmitry Y Zemlyanov
- Birck Nanotechnology Center , Purdue University , 1205 West State Street , West Lafayette , Indiana 47907 , United States
| | - Alex Cavallaro
- Future Industries Institute , University of South Australia , Mawson Lakes , South Australia 5095 , Australia
| | - Sharad Mangal
- Department of Industrial, Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy , Purdue University , 575 Stadium Mall Drive , West Lafayette , Indiana 47907 , United States
| | - Lynne S Taylor
- Department of Industrial, Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy , Purdue University , 575 Stadium Mall Drive , West Lafayette , Indiana 47907 , United States
| | - Qi Tony Zhou
- Department of Industrial, Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy , Purdue University , 575 Stadium Mall Drive , West Lafayette , Indiana 47907 , United States
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41
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Mosquera-Giraldo LI, Li N, Wilson VR, Nichols BLB, Edgar KJ, Taylor LS. Influence of Polymer and Drug Loading on the Release Profile and Membrane Transport of Telaprevir. Mol Pharm 2018. [PMID: 29513538 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.8b00104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
During the dissolution of amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs), various phase transformations can occur, which will ultimately impact the degree of supersaturation. This study employed dissolution and diffusion measurements to compare the performance of various ASD formulations based on the maximum amount of free drug in the solution that was able to permeate through a cellulose-based membrane. Telaprevir (TPV) was used as the model drug compound, and ASDs were prepared with different drug loadings and with four different polymers. Four possible scenarios that can influence TPV mass flow rates upon ASD dissolution were described and supported with experimental data: (1) a system dissolves readily and completely undergoes phase separation via glass-liquid phase separation (GLPS), forming drug-rich aggregates, and reaches the maximum anticipated mass flow rate; (2) where the maximum mass flow rate decreases due to substantial mixing of the polymer into the drug-rich phase, and/or due to the formation of soluble polymer-drug complexes; (3) a system does not undergo GLPS due to slow drug release and/or matrix crystallization; and (4) a system does not undergo GLPS due to rapid crystallization from the supersaturated solution generated during dissolution. The results described herein support the importance of the combined use of the dissolution-diffusion measurements to determine the maximum level of supersaturation achievable for diverse drug formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura I Mosquera-Giraldo
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy , Purdue University , West Lafayette , Indiana 47907 , United States
| | - Na Li
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy , Purdue University , West Lafayette , Indiana 47907 , United States
| | - Venecia R Wilson
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy , Purdue University , West Lafayette , Indiana 47907 , United States
| | - Brittany L B Nichols
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science , Virginia Tech , Blacksburg , Virginia 24061 , United States.,Department of Sustainable Biomaterials, College of Natural Resources and Environment , Virginia Tech , Blacksburg , Virginia 24061 , United States
| | - Kevin J Edgar
- Department of Sustainable Biomaterials, College of Natural Resources and Environment , Virginia Tech , Blacksburg , Virginia 24061 , United States
| | - Lynne S Taylor
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy , Purdue University , West Lafayette , Indiana 47907 , United States
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