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Molecular Mapping of Antifungal Mechanisms Accessing Biomaterials and New Agents to Target Oral Candidiasis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147520. [PMID: 35886869 PMCID: PMC9320712 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral candidiasis has a high rate of development, especially in immunocompromised patients. Immunosuppressive and cytotoxic therapies in hospitalized HIV and cancer patients are known to induce the poor management of adverse reactions, where local and systemic candidiasis become highly resistant to conventional antifungal therapy. The development of oral candidiasis is triggered by several mechanisms that determine oral epithelium imbalances, resulting in poor local defense and a delayed immune system response. As a result, pathogenic fungi colonies disseminate and form resistant biofilms, promoting serious challenges in initiating a proper therapeutic protocol. Hence, this study of the literature aimed to discuss possibilities and new trends through antifungal therapy for buccal drug administration. A large number of studies explored the antifungal activity of new agents or synergic components that may enhance the effect of classic drugs. It was of significant interest to find connections between smart biomaterials and their activity, to find molecular responses and mechanisms that can conquer the multidrug resistance of fungi strains, and to transpose them into a molecular map. Overall, attention is focused on the nanocolloids domain, nanoparticles, nanocomposite synthesis, and the design of polymeric platforms to satisfy sustained antifungal activity and high biocompatibility with the oral mucosa.
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Huang J, Jacobsen J, Genina N, Larsen SW, Nielsen HM, Müllertz A, Mu H. Investigating the effect of graphene oxide in chitosan/alginate-based foams on the release and antifungal activity of clotrimazole in vitro. Eur J Pharm Sci 2022; 174:106204. [PMID: 35550171 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2022.106204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Polyelectrolyte complexes (PECs) have been used as the matrix of solid foams for drug delivery. This study aimed at investigating the effect of graphene oxide (GO) and the composition of excipients in chitosan/alginate-based buccal foams on the clotrimazole release and antifungal activities. The investigation has been focused on the interactions of the drug with excipients in the foams, and the changes of ionization degree upon exposure to various media are discussed. The solid foams were prepared by mixing the excipients and clotrimazole via probe sonication, followed by a freeze-drying method. The pH values of the formulations were measured during the foam preparation process to estimate the ionization degree of clotrimazole and the other excipients. The foam matrix was the PECs between the cationic chitosan and anionic alginate. The mechanical strength of clotrimazole-loaded foams was lower than that of drug-free foams due to the positively charged clotrimazole interacting with the anionic alginate and interfering the PECs between chitosan and alginate. Addition of GO in the clotrimazole-loaded matrix made the foams mechanically stronger and contributed to a faster release of clotrimazole from the buccal foams by disrupting the electrostatic interactions between alginate and clotrimazole. However, addition of 1 wt% GO in the formulations didn't affect the antifungal activity of clotrimazole-loaded foams significantly. A lower amount GO in the formulation may be required for enhancing the antifungal effect, which should be further investigated in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - J Jacobsen
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - N Genina
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - S W Larsen
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - H M Nielsen
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - A Müllertz
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - H Mu
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark.
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Graphene-Based Functional Hybrid Membranes for Antimicrobial Applications: A Review. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12104834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Graphene-based nanomaterials have shown wide applications in antimicrobial fields due to their accelerated rate of pathogen resistance and good antimicrobial properties. To apply graphene materials in the antimicrobial test, the graphene materials are usually fabricated as two-dimensional (2D) membranes. In addition, to improve the antimicrobial efficiency, graphene membranes are modified with various functional nanomaterials, such as nanoparticles, biomolecules, polymers, etc. In this review, we present recent advances in the fabrication, functional tailoring, and antimicrobial applications of graphene-based membranes. To implement this goal, we first introduce the synthesis of graphene materials and then the fabrication of 2D graphene-based membranes with potential techniques such as chemical vapor deposition, vacuum filtration, spin-coating, casting, and layer-by-layer self-assembly. Then, we present the functional tailoring of graphene membranes by adding metal and metal oxide nanoparticles, polymers, biopolymers, metal–organic frameworks, etc., with graphene. Finally, we focus on the antimicrobial mechanisms of graphene membranes, and demonstrate typical studies on the use of graphene membranes for antibacterial, antiviral, and antifungal applications. It is expected that this work will help readers to understand the antimicrobial mechanism of various graphene-based membranes and, further, to inspire the design and fabrication of functional graphene membranes/films for biomedical applications.
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Chitosan film containing antifungal agent-loaded SLNs for the treatment of candidiasis using a Box-Behnken design. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 283:119178. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Pilicheva B, Uzunova Y, Marudova M. Polyelectrolyte Multilayer Films as a Potential Buccal Platform for Drug Delivery. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14040734. [PMID: 35215645 PMCID: PMC8879725 DOI: 10.3390/polym14040734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The goal of this research was to study the potential of polyelectrolyte multilayers as buccal dosage forms for drug delivery and to investigate how the properties of the drugs impact the overall performance of the delivery system. Multilayer films based on the polyelectrolyte interaction between casein and chitosan were developed using benzydamine, tolfenamic acid and betahistine as model drugs. The samples were characterized for surface pH, moisture content and moisture absorption, swelling behavior and mucoadhesion. Additionally, surface morphology was investigated, as well as the drugs' physical state after incorporation in the multilayer films. The samples proved to be non-irritant (pH was within the physiological range), physically stable (moisture content and moisture absorption below 5%) and mucoadhesive, adsorbing from 60 to 70% mucin. The release behavior corelated to the swelling index profiles of the samples and was strongly dependent on the drug solubility. The developed multilayer films appeared to be an optimum delivery system for sparingly soluble drugs due to the high drug loading achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bissera Pilicheva
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Plovdiv, 15A Vassil Aprilov Blvd, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
- Research Institute, Medical University of Plovdiv, 15A Vassil Aprilov Blvd, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria;
- Correspondence:
| | - Yordanka Uzunova
- Research Institute, Medical University of Plovdiv, 15A Vassil Aprilov Blvd, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria;
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Plovdiv, 15A Vassil Aprilov Blvd, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Maria Marudova
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Physics and Technology, University of Plovdiv “Paisii Hilendarski”, 24 Tzar Asen Str., 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria;
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Benkő E, Ilič IG, Kristó K, Regdon G, Csóka I, Pintye-Hódi K, Srčič S, Sovány T. Predicting Drug Release Rate of Implantable Matrices and Better Understanding of the Underlying Mechanisms through Experimental Design and Artificial Neural Network-Based Modelling. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:228. [PMID: 35213961 PMCID: PMC8879093 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14020228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a growing interest in implantable drug delivery systems (DDS) in pharmaceutical science. The aim of the present study is to investigate whether it is possible to customize drug release from implantable DDSs through drug-carrier interactions. Therefore, a series of chemically similar active ingredients (APIs) was mixed with different matrix-forming materials and was then compressed directly. Compression and dissolution interactions were examined by FT-IR spectroscopy. Regarding the effect of the interactions on drug release kinetics, a custom-made dissolution device designed for implantable systems was used. The data obtained were used to construct models based on artificial neural networks (ANNs) to predict drug dissolution. FT-IR studies confirmed the presence of H-bond-based solid-state interactions that intensified during dissolution. These results confirmed our hypothesis that interactions could significantly affect both the release rate and the amount of the released drug. The efficiencies of the kinetic parameter-based and point-to-point ANN models were also compared, where the results showed that the point-to-point models better handled predictive inaccuracies and provided better overall predictive efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernő Benkő
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (E.B.); (K.K.); (G.R.J.); (I.C.); (K.P.-H.)
| | - Ilija German Ilič
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva cesta 7, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (I.G.I.); (S.S.)
| | - Katalin Kristó
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (E.B.); (K.K.); (G.R.J.); (I.C.); (K.P.-H.)
| | - Géza Regdon
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (E.B.); (K.K.); (G.R.J.); (I.C.); (K.P.-H.)
| | - Ildikó Csóka
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (E.B.); (K.K.); (G.R.J.); (I.C.); (K.P.-H.)
| | - Klára Pintye-Hódi
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (E.B.); (K.K.); (G.R.J.); (I.C.); (K.P.-H.)
| | - Stane Srčič
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva cesta 7, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (I.G.I.); (S.S.)
| | - Tamás Sovány
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (E.B.); (K.K.); (G.R.J.); (I.C.); (K.P.-H.)
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Hyaluronic-benzydamine oromucosal films outperform conventional mouth rinse in ulcer healing. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.102690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Ikram R, Mohamed Jan B, Abdul Qadir M, Sidek A, Stylianakis MM, Kenanakis G. Recent Advances in Chitin and Chitosan/Graphene-Based Bio-Nanocomposites for Energetic Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:3266. [PMID: 34641082 PMCID: PMC8512808 DOI: 10.3390/polym13193266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Herein, we report recent developments in order to explore chitin and chitosan derivatives for energy-related applications. This review summarizes an introduction to common polysaccharides such as cellulose, chitin or chitosan, and their connection with carbon nanomaterials (CNMs), such as bio-nanocomposites. Furthermore, we present their structural analysis followed by the fabrication of graphene-based nanocomposites. In addition, we demonstrate the role of these chitin- and chitosan-derived nanocomposites for energetic applications, including biosensors, batteries, fuel cells, supercapacitors and solar cell systems. Finally, current limitations and future application perspectives are entailed as well. This study establishes the impact of chitin- and chitosan-generated nanomaterials for potential, unexplored industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabia Ikram
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Badrul Mohamed Jan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | | | - Akhmal Sidek
- Petroleum Engineering Department, School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Malaysia;
| | - Minas M. Stylianakis
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, N. Plastira 100, Vasilika Vouton, GR-700 13 Heraklion, Greece;
| | - George Kenanakis
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, N. Plastira 100, Vasilika Vouton, GR-700 13 Heraklion, Greece;
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A Review on Recent Advancements of Graphene and Graphene-Related Materials in Biological Applications. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11020614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Graphene is the most outstanding material among the new nanostructured carbonaceous species discovered and produced. Graphene’s astonishing properties (i.e., electronic conductivity, mechanical robustness, large surface area) have led to a deep change in the material science field. In this review, after a brief overview of the main characteristics of graphene and related materials, we present an extensive overview of the most recent achievements in biological uses of graphene and related materials.
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Seifi T, Kamali AR. Anti-pathogenic activity of graphene nanomaterials: A review. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2020; 199:111509. [PMID: 33340933 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2020.111509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Graphene and its derivatives are promising candidates for a variety of biological applications, among which, their anti-pathogenic properties are highly attractive due to the outstanding physicochemical characteristics of these novel nanomaterials. The antibacterial, antiviral and antifungal performances of graphene are increasingly becoming more important due to the pathogen's resistance to existing drugs. Despite this, the factors influencing the antibacterial activity of graphene nanomaterials, and consequently, the mechanisms involved are still controversial. This review aims to systematically summarize the literature, discussing various factors that affect the antibacterial performance of graphene materials, including the shape, size, functional group and the electrical conductivity of graphene flakes, as well as the concentration, contact time and the pH value of the graphene suspensions used in related microbial tests. We discuss the possible surface and edge interactions between bacterial cells and graphene nanomaterials, which cause antibacterial effects such as membrane/oxidative/photothermal stresses, charge transfer, entrapment and self-killing phenomena. This article reviews the anti-pathogenic activity of graphene nanomaterials, comprising their antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal and biofilm-forming performance, with an emphasis on the antibacterial mechanisms involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahereh Seifi
- Energy and Environmental Materials Research Centre (E(2)MC), School of Metallurgy, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China
| | - Ali Reza Kamali
- Energy and Environmental Materials Research Centre (E(2)MC), School of Metallurgy, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China.
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