1
|
Syed MI, Kandagatla HP, Avdeef A, Serajuddin ATM. Supersolubilization and Amorphization of a Weakly Acidic Drug, Flurbiprofen, by applying Acid-Base supersolubilization (ABS) principle. Int J Pharm 2024; 663:124548. [PMID: 39098746 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2024] [Revised: 07/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
Improvement in drug solubility is a major challenge for developing pharmaceutical products. It was demonstrated earlier that aqueous solubilities of weakly basic drugs could be increased greatly by interaction with weak acids that would not form salts with the drugs, and the highly concentrated solutions thus produced converted to amorphous solids upon drying. The technique was called acid-base supersolubilization (ABS). The current investigation explored whether the ABS principle could also be applied to weakly acidic drugs. By taking flurbiprofen (pKa 4.09; free acid solubility 0.011 mg/mL) as the model weakly acidic drug and tromethamine, lysine, meglumine, and NaOH as bases, it was studied which of the bases would result in ABS. While in the presence of NaOH and tromethamine, flurbiprofen converted to salts having aqueous solubility of 11-19 mg/mL, the solubility increased to > 399 mg/mL with lysine and > 358 mg/mL with meglumine, producing supersolubilization. However, crystallization of lysine salt was observed with time, followed by some decrease in solubility after reaching maximum solubility with lysine. In contrast, the supersolubilization was maintained with meglumine, and no crystallization of meglumine salt was observed. Upon drying, flurbiprofen-meglumine solutions produced amorphous materials that dissolved rapidly and produced high drug concentrations in aqueous media. Thus, the ABS principle also applies to acidic drugs depending on the weak base used.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed I Syed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, 8000 Utopia Parkway, Queens, NY 11439, USA
| | - Hari P Kandagatla
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, 8000 Utopia Parkway, Queens, NY 11439, USA
| | - Alex Avdeef
- in-ADME Research, 1732 First Avenue #102, New York, NY 10128, USA
| | - Abu T M Serajuddin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, 8000 Utopia Parkway, Queens, NY 11439, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Poudel I, Mita N, Babu RJ. 3D printed dosage forms, where are we headed? Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2024:1-20. [PMID: 38993098 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2024.2379943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION 3D Printing (3DP) is an innovative fabrication technology that has gained enormous popularity through its paradigm shifts in manufacturing in several disciplines, including healthcare. In this past decade, we have witnessed the impact of 3DP in drug product development. Almost 8 years after the first USFDA approval of the 3D printed tablet Levetiracetam (Spritam), the interest in 3DP for drug products is high. However, regulatory agencies have often questioned its large-scale industrial practicability, and 3DP drug approval/guidelines are yet to be streamlined. AREAS COVERED In this review, major technologies involved with the fabrication of drug products are introduced along with the prospects of upcoming technologies, including AI (Artificial Intelligence). We have touched upon regulatory updates and discussed the burning limitations, which require immediate focus, illuminating status, and future perspectives on the near future of 3DP in the pharmaceutical field. EXPERT OPINION 3DP offers significant advantages in rapid prototyping for drug products, which could be beneficial for personalizing patient-based pharmaceutical dispensing. It seems inevitable that the coming decades will be marked by exponential growth in personalization, and 3DP could be a paradigm-shifting asset for pharmaceutical professionals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ishwor Poudel
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Nur Mita
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Mulawarman University, Samarinda, Kalimantan Timur, Indonesia
| | - R Jayachandra Babu
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Peng H, Han B, Tong T, Jin X, Peng Y, Guo M, Li B, Ding J, Kong Q, Wang Q. 3D printing processes in precise drug delivery for personalized medicine. Biofabrication 2024; 16:10.1088/1758-5090/ad3a14. [PMID: 38569493 PMCID: PMC11164598 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ad3a14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
With the advent of personalized medicine, the drug delivery system will be changed significantly. The development of personalized medicine needs the support of many technologies, among which three-dimensional printing (3DP) technology is a novel formulation-preparing process that creates 3D objects by depositing printing materials layer-by-layer based on the computer-aided design method. Compared with traditional pharmaceutical processes, 3DP produces complex drug combinations, personalized dosage, and flexible shape and structure of dosage forms (DFs) on demand. In the future, personalized 3DP drugs may supplement and even replace their traditional counterpart. We systematically introduce the applications of 3DP technologies in the pharmaceutical industry and summarize the virtues and shortcomings of each technique. The release behaviors and control mechanisms of the pharmaceutical DFs with desired structures are also analyzed. Finally, the benefits, challenges, and prospects of 3DP technology to the pharmaceutical industry are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haisheng Peng
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical College, University of Shaoxing, Shaoxing, People’s Republic of China
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Bo Han
- Department of Pharmacy, Daqing Branch, Harbin Medical University, Daqing, People’s Republic of China
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Tianjian Tong
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, United States of America
| | - Xin Jin
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical College, University of Shaoxing, Shaoxing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanbo Peng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Rd, Nanjing 211198, People’s Republic of China
| | - Meitong Guo
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical College, University of Shaoxing, Shaoxing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bian Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical College, University of Shaoxing, Shaoxing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiaxin Ding
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical College, University of Shaoxing, Shaoxing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qingfei Kong
- Department of Neurobiology, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qun Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Hess F, Kipping T, Weitschies W, Krause J. Understanding the Interaction of Thermal, Rheological, and Mechanical Parameters Critical for the Processability of Polyvinyl Alcohol-Based Systems during Hot Melt Extrusion. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:472. [PMID: 38675133 PMCID: PMC11055164 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16040472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Hot melt extrusion (HME) is a common manufacturing process used in the pharmaceutical industry to improve the solubility of poorly soluble active pharmaceutical ingredients (API). The goal is to create an amorphous solid dispersion (ASD) where the amorphous form of the API is stabilized within a polymer matrix. Traditionally, the development of pharmaceutically approved polymers has focused on requirements such as thermal properties, solubility, drug-polymer interactions, and biocompatibility. The mechanical properties of the material have often been neglected in the design of new polymers. However, new downstream methods require more flexible polymers or suitable plasticizer polymer combinations. In this study, two grades of the polymer polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), which is already established for HME, are investigated in terms of their mechanical, rheological, and thermal properties. The mechanical properties of the extruded filaments were tested by the three-point bending test. The rheological behavior was analyzed by oscillating plate measurements. Thermal analysis was performed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). In addition, the solid and liquid plasticizers mannitol, sorbitol, triacetin, triethyl citrate, polyethylene glycol, and glycerol were evaluated for use with PVA and their impact on the polymer properties was elaborated. Finally, the effects of the plasticizers are compared to each other, and the correlations are analyzed statistically using principal component analysis (PCA). Thereby, a clear ranking of the plasticizer effects was established, and a deeper understanding of the polymer-plasticizer interactions was created.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Florian Hess
- Merck Life Science KGaA, Frankfurter Straße 250, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany
- Department of Biopharmaceutic and Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Straße 3, 17487 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Thomas Kipping
- Merck Life Science KGaA, Frankfurter Straße 250, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Werner Weitschies
- Department of Biopharmaceutic and Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Straße 3, 17487 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Julius Krause
- Department of Biopharmaceutic and Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Straße 3, 17487 Greifswald, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Milliken RL, Quinten T, Andersen SK, Lamprou DA. Application of 3D printing in early phase development of pharmaceutical solid dosage forms. Int J Pharm 2024; 653:123902. [PMID: 38360287 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.123902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Three-dimensional printing (3DP) is an emerging technology, offering the possibility for the development of dose-customized, effective, and safe solid oral dosage forms (SODFs). Although 3DP has great potential, it does come with certain limitations, and the traditional drug manufacturing platforms remain the industry standard. The consensus appears to be that 3DP technology is expected to benefit personalized medicine the most, but that it is unlikely to replace conventional manufacturing for mass production. The 3DP method, on the other hand, could prove well-suited for producing small batches as an adaptive manufacturing technique for enabling adaptive clinical trial design for early clinical studies. The purpose of this review is to discuss recent advancements in 3DP technologies for SODFs and to focus on the applications for SODFs in the early clinical development stages, including a discussion of current regulatory challenges and quality controls.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel L Milliken
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Thomas Quinten
- Janssen Pharmaceutica, Research & Development, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Sune K Andersen
- Janssen Pharmaceutica, Research & Development, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Dimitrios A Lamprou
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kyser AJ, Fotouh B, Mahmoud MY, Frieboes HB. Rising role of 3D-printing in delivery of therapeutics for infectious disease. J Control Release 2024; 366:349-365. [PMID: 38182058 PMCID: PMC10923108 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.12.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
Modern drug delivery to tackle infectious disease has drawn close to personalizing medicine for specific patient populations. Challenges include antibiotic-resistant infections, healthcare associated infections, and customizing treatments for local patient populations. Recently, 3D-printing has become a facilitator for the development of personalized pharmaceutic drug delivery systems. With a variety of manufacturing techniques, 3D-printing offers advantages in drug delivery development for controlled, fine-tuned release and platforms for different routes of administration. This review summarizes 3D-printing techniques in pharmaceutics and drug delivery focusing on treating infectious diseases, and discusses the influence of 3D-printing design considerations on drug delivery platforms targeting these diseases. Additionally, applications of 3D-printing in infectious diseases are summarized, with the goal to provide insight into how future delivery innovations may benefit from 3D-printing to address the global challenges in infectious disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony J Kyser
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Louisville Speed School of Engineering, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.
| | - Bassam Fotouh
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Louisville Speed School of Engineering, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.
| | - Mohamed Y Mahmoud
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Louisville Speed School of Engineering, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; Department of Toxicology and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt.
| | - Hermann B Frieboes
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Louisville Speed School of Engineering, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; Center for Predictive Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; UofL Health - Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, KY 40202, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Larsen BS, Kissi E, Nogueira LP, Genina N, Tho I. Impact of drug load and polymer molecular weight on the 3D microstructure of printed tablets. Eur J Pharm Sci 2024; 192:106619. [PMID: 37866675 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2023.106619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates the influence of drug load and polymer molecular weight on the structure of tablets three-dimensionally (3D) printed from the binary mixture of prednisolone and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC). Three different HPMC grades, (AFFINISOLTM HPMC HME 15LV, 90 Da (HPMC 15LV); 100LV, 180 Da (HPMC 100LV); 4M, 500 Da (HPMC 4M)), which are suitable for hot-melt extrusion (HME), were used in this study. HME was used to fabricate feedstock material, i.e., filaments, at the lowest possible extrusion temperature. Filaments of the three HPMC grades were prepared to contain 2.5, 5, 10 and 20 % (w/w) prednisolone. The thermal degradation of the filaments was studied with thermogravimetric analysis, while solid-state properties of the drug-loaded filaments were assessed with the use of X-ray powder diffraction. Prednisolone in the freshly extruded filaments was determined to be amorphous for drug loads up to 10%. It remained physically stable for at least 6 months of storage, except for the filament containing 10% drug with HPMC 15LV, where recrystallization of prednisolone was detected. Fused deposition modeling was utilized to print honeycomb-shaped tablets from the HME filaments of HPMC 15LV and 100LV. The structural characteristics of the tablets were evaluated using X-ray microcomputed tomography, specifically porosity and size of structural elements were investigated. The tablets printed from HPMC 15LV possessed in general lower total porosity and pores of smaller size than tablets printed from the HPMC 100LV. The studied drug loads were shown to have minor effect on the total porosity of the tablets, though the lower the drug load was, the higher the variance of porosity along the height of the tablet was observed. It was found that tablets printed with HPMC 15LV showed higher structural similarity with the virtually designed model than tablets printed from HPMC 100LV. These findings highlight the relevance of the drug load and polymer molecular weight on the microstructure and structural properties of 3D printed tablets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bjarke Strøm Larsen
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Sem Sælands vei 3, 0371 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Eric Kissi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Sem Sælands vei 3, 0371 Oslo, Norway; Nanoform Finland PLC, Viikinkaari 4, 00790 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Liebert Parreiras Nogueira
- Oral Research Laboratory, Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, Geitmyrsveien 71, 0455 Oslo, Norway
| | - Natalja Genina
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ingunn Tho
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Sem Sælands vei 3, 0371 Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Agarwal P, Arora G, Panwar A, Mathur V, Srinivasan V, Pandita D, Vasanthan KS. Diverse Applications of Three-Dimensional Printing in Biomedical Engineering: A Review. 3D PRINTING AND ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING 2023; 10:1140-1163. [PMID: 37886418 PMCID: PMC10599440 DOI: 10.1089/3dp.2022.0281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
A three-dimensional (3D) printing is a robotically controlled state-of-the-art technology that is promising for all branches of engineering with a meritorious emphasis to biomedical engineering. The purpose of 3D printing (3DP) is to create exact superstructures without any framework in a brief period with high reproducibility to create intricate and complex patient-tailored structures for organ regeneration, drug delivery, imaging processes, designing personalized dose-specific tablets, developing 3D models of organs to plan surgery and to understand the pathology of disease, manufacturing cost-effective surgical tools, and fabricating implants and organ substitute devices for prolonging the lives of patients, etc. The formulation of bioinks and programmed G codes help to obtain precise 3D structures, which determines the stability and functioning of the 3D-printed structures. Three-dimensional printing for medical applications is ambitious and challenging but made possible with the culmination of research expertise from various fields. Exploring and expanding 3DP for biomedical and clinical applications can be life-saving solutions. The 3D printers are cost-effective and eco-friendly, as they do not release any toxic pollutants or waste materials that pollute the environment. The sampling requirements and processing parameters are amenable, which further eases the production. This review highlights the role of 3D printers in the health care sector, focusing on their roles in tablet development, imaging techniques, disease model development, and tissue regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prachi Agarwal
- Manipal Centre for Biotherapeutics Research, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Gargi Arora
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Delhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Delhi Pharmaceutical Science and Research University, Government of NCT of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Amit Panwar
- Institute of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Vidhi Mathur
- Manipal Centre for Biotherapeutics Research, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Deepti Pandita
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Delhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Delhi Pharmaceutical Science and Research University, Government of NCT of Delhi, New Delhi, India
- Centre for Advanced Formulation and Technology (CAFT), Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, PushpVihar, Government of NCT of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Kirthanashri S. Vasanthan
- Manipal Centre for Biotherapeutics Research, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Svoboda R, Nevyhoštěná M, Macháčková J, Vaculík J, Knotková K, Chromčíková M, Komersová A. Thermal degradation of Affinisol HPMC: Optimum Processing Temperatures for Hot Melt Extrusion and 3D Printing. Pharm Res 2023; 40:2253-2268. [PMID: 37610622 PMCID: PMC10547629 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-023-03592-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Affinisol HPMC HME is a new popular form of hypromellose specifically designed for the hot melt extrusion and 3D printing of pharmaceutical products. However, reports of its thermal stability include only data obtained under inert N2 atmosphere, which is not consistent with the common pharmaceutical practice. Therefore, detailed investigation of its real-life thermal stability in air is paramount for identification of potential risks and limitations during its high-temperature processing. METHODS In this work, the Affinisol HPMC HME 15LV powder as well as extruded filaments will be investigated by means of thermogravimetry, differential scanning calorimetry and infrared spectroscopy with respect to its thermal stability. RESULTS The decomposition in N2 was proceeded in accordance with the literature data and manufacturer's specifications: onset at ~260°C at 0.5°C·min-1, single-step mass loss of 90-95%. However, in laboratory or industrial practice, high-temperature processing is performed in the air, where oxidation-induced degradation drastically changes. The thermogravimetric mass loss in air proceeded in three stages: ~ 5% mass loss with onset at 150°C, ~ 70% mass loss at 200°C, and ~ 15% mass loss at 380°C. Diffusion of O2 into the Affinisol material was identified as the rate-determining step. CONCLUSION For extrusion temperatures ≥170°C, Affinisol exhibits a significant degree of degradation within the 5 min extruder retention time. Hot melt extrusion of pure Affinisol can be comfortably performed below this temperature. Utilization of plasticizers may be necessary for safe 3D printing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roman Svoboda
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, 532 10, Pardubice, Czech Republic.
| | - Marie Nevyhoštěná
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, 532 10, Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Macháčková
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, 532 10, Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Vaculík
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, 532 10, Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Knotková
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, 532 10, Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Maria Chromčíková
- VILA - Joined Glass Centre of the IIC SAS, TnUAD, FChPT STU, Študentská 2, SK-911 50, Trenčín, Slovakia
- FunGlass, Alexander Dubček University of Trenčín, Študentská 2, SK-911 50, Trenčín, Slovakia
| | - Alena Komersová
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, 532 10, Pardubice, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Patel NG, Serajuddin ATM. Improving drug release rate, drug-polymer miscibility, printability and processability of FDM 3D-printed tablets by weak acid-base interaction. Int J Pharm 2023; 632:122542. [PMID: 36566823 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.122542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Slow drug release, low drug-polymer miscibility, poor printability of polymers used, and high processing temperature are major challenges in developing FDM 3D-printed tablets. These challenges were addressed in this investigation by having a model basic drug, haloperidol (mp: 151.5 °C), interact with a weak acid, malic acid (mp: 130 °C), during the melt extrusion of formulations into filaments used for 3D-printing. Malic acid was selected as it was previously reported that it did not form any crystalline salt with haloperidol but its addition to aqueous media could greatly increase the solubility of haloperidol from ∼ 1 µg/mL to > 1 g per mL of water by acid-base supersolubilization. Concentrated solutions of haloperidol-malic acid mixtures produced amorphous materials upon drying. It has been observed in the present investigation that similar interaction between haloperidol and malic acid may also occur in the absence of water. Upon heating, haloperidol-malic acid mixtures at 1:1 and 1:2 molar ratios turned amorphous starting at ∼ 50 °C, which is much below the melting point of either component. When Kollidon® VA64, a brittle and non-printable polymer, was used as the polymeric carrier, the acid-base interaction greatly reduced the melt viscosity of haloperidol-malic acid-Kollidon® VA64 ternary mixtures. Consequently, melt extrusion of filaments and printing of tablets using such mixtures could be performed at much lower temperatures than those with haloperidol-Kollidon® VA64 binary mixtures. The filaments containing 15 % and 30 % haloperidol along with malic acid and Kollidon® VA64 could be printed into tablets at relatively low temperatures of 125 and 100 °C, respectively, thus making Kollidon® VA64 not only printable but also doing so at low temperatures. Up to 50 % w/w drug load in filaments was achieved without any crystallization of haloperidol or malic acid. Drug release at pH 2 and 6.8 from printed tablets with 100 % infill was 80 % in < 30 min. Thus, the acid-base interaction can successfully resolve multiple development challenges encountered with FDM 3D-printed tablets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nirali G Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, 8000 Utopia Parkway, Queens, NY 11439, USA
| | - Abu T M Serajuddin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, 8000 Utopia Parkway, Queens, NY 11439, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Krueger L, Miles JA, Popat A. 3D printing hybrid materials using fused deposition modelling for solid oral dosage forms. J Control Release 2022; 351:444-455. [PMID: 36184971 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
3D printing in the pharmaceutical and healthcare settings is expanding rapidly, such as the rapid prototyping of orthotics, dental retainers, drug-loaded implants, and pharmaceutical solid oral dosage forms. Through 3D printing, we have the capability to precisely control dose, release kinetics, and several aesthetic features of dosage forms such as colour, shape, and texture. Additionally, polypills can be created with combinations of medications in one solid dosage form at completely customisable strengths that would be extremely difficult to obtain commercially. As the technology and formulations developed through 3D printing are expanding, the development of new hybrid materials to obtain superior formulations are also gaining momentum. In this review we collate data on the importance of developing hybrid formulations of polymers, drugs and excipients necessary to produce reliable and high-quality 3D printed dosage forms with a special emphasis on fused deposition modelling (FDM). FDM technology is one of the most widely used forms of 3D printing and has demonstrated compatibility with unique polymer-based hybrids to allow for enhanced drug delivery, protection of thermolabile drugs, modifiable release kinetics, and more. The data collated covers different categories of hybrids as well as the methods used to fabricate them, and their respective effects on the properties of 3D printed solid oral dosage forms. Therefore, this review will provide an overview of upcoming and emerging trends in pharmaceutical 3D printing formulation compositions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liam Krueger
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba 4102, Australia
| | - Jared A Miles
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba 4102, Australia.
| | - Amirali Popat
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba 4102, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Funk NL, Fantaus S, Beck RCR. Immediate release 3D printed oral dosage forms: How different polymers have been explored to reach suitable drug release behaviour. Int J Pharm 2022; 625:122066. [PMID: 35926751 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.122066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) printing has been gaining attention as a new technological approach to obtain immediate release (IR) dosage forms. The versatility conferred by 3D printing techniques arises from the suitability of using different polymeric materials in the production of solids with different porosities, geometries, sizes, and infill patterns. The appropriate choice of polymer can facilitate in reaching IR specifications and afford other specific properties to 3D printed solid dosage forms. This review aims to provide an overview of the polymers that have been employed in the development of IR 3D printed dosage forms, mainly considering their in vitro drug release behaviour. The physicochemical and mechanical properties of the IR 3D printed dosage forms will also be discussed, together with the manufacturing process strategies. Up to now, methacrylic polymers, cellulosic polymers, vinyl derivatives, glycols and different polymeric blends have been explored to produce IR 3D printed dosage forms. Their effects on drug release profiles are critically discussed here, giving a complete overview to drive formulators towards a rational choice of polymeric material and thus contributing to future studies in 3D printing of pharmaceuticals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Lysyk Funk
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Laboratório de Nanocarreadores e Impressão 3D em Tecnologia Farmacêutica (Nano3D), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Stephani Fantaus
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Ruy Carlos Ruver Beck
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Laboratório de Nanocarreadores e Impressão 3D em Tecnologia Farmacêutica (Nano3D), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Fabrication of three dimensional printed tablets in flexible doses: A comprehensive study from design to evaluation. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
|
14
|
Alzahrani A, Nyavanandi D, Mandati P, Adel Ali Youssef A, Narala S, Bandari S, Repka M. A systematic and robust assessment of hot-melt extrusion-based amorphous solid dispersions: Theoretical prediction to practical implementation. Int J Pharm 2022; 624:121951. [PMID: 35753536 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.121951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) have gained attention as a formulation strategy in recent years, with the potential to improve the apparent solubility and, hence, the oral bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs. The process of formulating ASDs is commonly faced with challenges owing to the intrinsic physical and chemical instability of the initial amorphous form and the long-term physical stability of drug formulations. Numerous research publications on hot-melt extrusion (HME) technology have demonstrated that it is the most efficient approach for manufacturing reasonably stable ASDs. The HME technique has been established as a faster scale-up production strategy for formulation evaluation and has the potential to minimize the time to market. Thermodynamic evaluation and theoretical predictions of drug-polymer solubility and miscibility may assist to reduce the product development cost by HME. This review article highlights robust and established prediction theories and experimental approaches for the selection of polymeric carriers for the development of hot melt extrusion based stable amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs). In addition, this review makes a significant contribution to the literature as a pilot guide for ASD assessment, as well as to confirm the drug-polymer compatibility and physical stability of HME-based formulations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Alzahrani
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677; Department of Pharmacy, East Jeddah Hospital, Ministry of Health, Jeddah 22253, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dinesh Nyavanandi
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677
| | - Preethi Mandati
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677
| | - Ahmed Adel Ali Youssef
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677; Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt
| | - Sagar Narala
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677
| | - Suresh Bandari
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677
| | - Michael Repka
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677; Pii Center for Pharmaceutical Technology, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Palekar S, Kumar Nukala P, Patel K. Aversion liquid-filled drug releasing capsule (3D-RECAL): A novel technology for the development of immediate release abuse deterrent formulations using a fused deposition modelling (FDM) 3D printer. Int J Pharm 2022; 621:121804. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.121804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|
16
|
Thompson SA, Davis DA, Moon C, Williams RO. Increasing Drug Loading of Weakly Acidic Telmisartan in Amorphous Solid Dispersions through pH Modification during Hot-Melt Extrusion. Mol Pharm 2022; 19:318-331. [PMID: 34846902 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.1c00805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Oral drug therapy requiring large quantities of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) can cause a substantial pill burden, which can increase nonadherence and worsen healthcare outcomes. Maximizing the drug loading of APIs in oral dosage forms is essential to reduce pill burden. This can be challenging for poorly water-soluble APIs without compromising performance. We show a promising strategy for maximizing the drug loading of pH-dependent APIs in amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) produced by hot-melt extrusion (HME) without compromising their dissolution performance. We examine potential increases in the drug loading (w/w) of telmisartan in ASDs by incorporating bases to modify pH during HME. Telmisartan is a weakly acidic, poorly water-soluble API with pH-dependent solubility. It is practically insoluble at physiological pH, but its solubility increases exponentially at pH values above 10. Telmisartan was extruded with the polymer Soluplus and various bases. With no base, the maximum drug loading achieved by extrusion was only 5% before crystalline telmisartan was detected. Including a strong, water-soluble base (NaOH or KOH) increased the maximum amorphous drug loading to 50%. These results indicate that telmisartan has pH-dependent solubility in a molten polymer, similar to that in an aqueous solution. We also examine the stability of Soluplus when extruded with a strong base, using solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (ssNMR) to determine that NaOH (but not KOH) causes degradation by hydrolysis. Supersaturation was maintained for at least 20 h during dissolution testing of a 50% telmisartan ASD in biorelevant media.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen A Thompson
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, The University of Texas at Austin College of Pharmacy, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Daniel A Davis
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, The University of Texas at Austin College of Pharmacy, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Chaeho Moon
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, The University of Texas at Austin College of Pharmacy, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Robert O Williams
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, The University of Texas at Austin College of Pharmacy, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Gabriela Crisan A, Iurian S, Porfire A, Maria Rus L, Bogdan C, Casian T, Ciceo Lucacel R, Turza A, Porav S, Tomuta I. QbD guided development of immediate release FDM-3D printed tablets with customizable API doses. Int J Pharm 2021; 613:121411. [PMID: 34954001 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.121411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this work was to develop a fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printed immediate release (IR) tablet with flexibility in adjusting the dose of the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) by scaling the size of the dosage form and appropriate drug release profile steadiness to the variation of dimensions or thickness of the deposited layers throughout the printing process. Polyvinyl alcohol-based filaments with elevated API content (50% w/w) were prepared by hot melt extrusion (HME), through systematic screening of polymeric formulations with different drug loadings, and their printability was evaluated by means of mechanical characterization. For the tablet fabrication step by 3D printing (3DP), the Quality by Design (QbD) approach was implemented by employing risk management strategies and Design of Experiments (DoE). The effects of the tablet design, tablet size and the layer height settings on the drug release and the API content were investigated. Between the two proposed original tablet architectures, the honeycomb configuration was found to be a suitable candidate for the preparation of IR dosage forms with readily customizable API doses. Also, a predictive model was obtained, which assists the optimization of variables involved in the printing phase and thereby facilitates the tailoring process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Gabriela Crisan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 41 Victor Babeș Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Sonia Iurian
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 41 Victor Babeș Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Alina Porfire
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 41 Victor Babeș Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Lucia Maria Rus
- Department of Drug Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Louis Pasteur Street, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Catalina Bogdan
- Department of Dermopharmacy and Cosmetics, "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 12 I. Creangă Street, 400010 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Tibor Casian
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 41 Victor Babeș Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Raluca Ciceo Lucacel
- Faculty of Physics, Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania; Interdisciplinary Research Institute on Bio-Nano-Science, Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Alexandru Turza
- National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, 67-103 Donath Street, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Sebastian Porav
- National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, 67-103 Donath Street, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Ioan Tomuta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 41 Victor Babeș Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Filippov SK, Khusnutdinov RR, Inham W, Liu C, Nikitin DO, Semina II, Garvey CJ, Nasibullin SF, Khutoryanskiy VV, Zhang H, Moustafine RI. Hybrid Nanoparticles for Haloperidol Encapsulation: Quid Est Optimum? Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:4189. [PMID: 34883693 PMCID: PMC8659838 DOI: 10.3390/polym13234189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The choice of drug delivery carrier is of paramount importance for the fate of a drug in a human body. In this study, we have prepared the hybrid nanoparticles composed of FDA-approved Eudragit L100-55 copolymer and polymeric surfactant Brij98 to load haloperidol-an antipsychotic hydrophobic drug used to treat schizophrenia and many other disorders. This platform shows good drug-loading efficiency and stability in comparison to the widely applied platforms of mesoporous silica (MSN) and a metal-organic framework (MOF). ZIF8, a biocompatible MOF, failed to encapsulate haloperidol, whereas MSN only showed limited encapsulation ability. Isothermal titration calorimetry showed that haloperidol has low binding with the surface of ZIF8 and MSN in comparison to Eudragit L100-55/Brij98, thus elucidating the striking difference in haloperidol loading. With further optimization, the haloperidol loading efficiency could reach up to 40% in the hybrid Eudragit L100-55/Brij98 nanoparticles with high stability over several months. Differential scanning calorimetry studies indicate that the encapsulated haloperidol stays in an amorphous state inside the Eudragit L100-55/Brij98 nanoparticles. Using a catalepsy and open field animal tests, we proved the prolongation of haloperidol release in vivo, resulting in later onset of action compared to the free drug.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sergey K. Filippov
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory and Turku Bioscience Center, Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland; (W.I.); (C.L.); (H.Z.)
- Turku Bioscience Center, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
- School of Pharmacy, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AD, UK;
| | - Ramil R. Khusnutdinov
- Institute of Pharmacy, Kazan State Medical University, 16 Fatykh Amirkhan, 420126 Kazan, Russia; (R.R.K.); (S.F.N.)
| | - Wali Inham
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory and Turku Bioscience Center, Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland; (W.I.); (C.L.); (H.Z.)
- Turku Bioscience Center, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Chang Liu
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory and Turku Bioscience Center, Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland; (W.I.); (C.L.); (H.Z.)
- Turku Bioscience Center, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Dmitry O. Nikitin
- Department of Pharmacology, Kazan State Medical University, 49 Butlerov str., 420012 Kazan, Russia; (D.O.N.); (I.I.S.)
| | - Irina I. Semina
- Department of Pharmacology, Kazan State Medical University, 49 Butlerov str., 420012 Kazan, Russia; (D.O.N.); (I.I.S.)
| | - Christopher J. Garvey
- Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum (MLZ), Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany;
| | - Shamil F. Nasibullin
- Institute of Pharmacy, Kazan State Medical University, 16 Fatykh Amirkhan, 420126 Kazan, Russia; (R.R.K.); (S.F.N.)
| | | | - Hongbo Zhang
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory and Turku Bioscience Center, Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland; (W.I.); (C.L.); (H.Z.)
- Turku Bioscience Center, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Rouslan I. Moustafine
- Institute of Pharmacy, Kazan State Medical University, 16 Fatykh Amirkhan, 420126 Kazan, Russia; (R.R.K.); (S.F.N.)
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
3D Printing of Thermo-Sensitive Drugs. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13091524. [PMID: 34575600 PMCID: PMC8468559 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13091524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) printing is among the rapidly evolving technologies with applications in many sectors. The pharmaceutical industry is no exception, and the approval of the first 3D-printed tablet (Spiratam®) marked a revolution in the field. Several studies reported the fabrication of different dosage forms using a range of 3D printing techniques. Thermosensitive drugs compose a considerable segment of available medications in the market requiring strict temperature control during processing to ensure their efficacy and safety. Heating involved in some of the 3D printing technologies raises concerns regarding the feasibility of the techniques for printing thermolabile drugs. Studies reported that semi-solid extrusion (SSE) is the commonly used printing technique to fabricate thermosensitive drugs. Digital light processing (DLP), binder jetting (BJ), and stereolithography (SLA) can also be used for the fabrication of thermosensitive drugs as they do not involve heating elements. Nonetheless, degradation of some drugs by light source used in the techniques was reported. Interestingly, fused deposition modelling (FDM) coupled with filling techniques offered protection against thermal degradation. Concepts such as selection of low melting point polymers, adjustment of printing parameters, and coupling of more than one printing technique were exploited in printing thermosensitive drugs. This systematic review presents challenges, 3DP procedures, and future directions of 3D printing of thermo-sensitive formulations.
Collapse
|
20
|
Statistical design of experiment-based formulation development and optimization of 3D printed oral controlled release drug delivery with multi target product profile. JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL INVESTIGATION 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s40005-021-00542-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
21
|
|