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Pagkou D, Kogias E, Foroglou N, Kotzampassi K. Probiotics in Traumatic Brain Injury: New Insights into Mechanisms and Future Perspectives. J Clin Med 2024; 13:4546. [PMID: 39124812 PMCID: PMC11313054 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13154546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2024] [Revised: 07/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a serious global public health issue, recognized as a chronic and progressive disease that can affect multiple organs, including the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Research shows that there is a specific link between the GI tract and the central nervous system, termed the gut-brain axis, which consists of bidirectional exchange between these two. Several preclinical and clinical studies have demonstrated intestinal barrier dysfunction, intestinal inflammation and gut dysbiosis in patients with TBI. It is proven that probiotics can modulate the inflammatory process and modify gut microbiota. Numerous animal studies and human clinical trials have proven the effectiveness of selected bacterial strains as an adjuvant treatment in reducing inflammation, infection rates and time spent in intensive care of hospitalized patients suffering from brain injury. Thus, this review summarizes the current evidence regarding the beneficial effects of probiotic administration in patients suffering from TBI-related complications. This review will help identify novel therapeutic strategies in the future as probiotics have an extensive history of apparently safe use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diamantoula Pagkou
- Department of Neurosurgery, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Kiriakidi 1, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece; (E.K.); (N.F.)
| | - Evangelos Kogias
- Department of Neurosurgery, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Kiriakidi 1, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece; (E.K.); (N.F.)
| | - Nikolaos Foroglou
- Department of Neurosurgery, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Kiriakidi 1, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece; (E.K.); (N.F.)
| | - Katerina Kotzampassi
- Department of Surgery, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Kiriakidi 1, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece;
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Zhang W, Jia Q, Han M, Zhang X, Guo L, Sun S, Yin W, Bo C, Han R, Sai L. Bifidobacteria in disease: from head to toe. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2024; 69:1-15. [PMID: 37644256 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-023-01087-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Bifidobacteria as a strictly anaerobic gram-positive bacteria, is widely distributed in the intestine, vagina and oral cavity, and is one of the first gut flora to colonize the early stages of life. Intestinal flora is closely related to health, and dysbiosis of intestinal flora, especially Bifidobacteria, has been found in a variety of diseases. Numerous studies have shown that in addition to maintaining intestinal homeostasis, Bifidobacteria may be involved in diseases covering all parts of the body, including the nervous system, respiratory system, genitourinary system and so on. This review collects evidence for the variation of Bifidobacteria in typical diseases among various systems, provides mild and effective therapeutic options for those diseases that are difficult to cure, and moves Bifidobacteria from basic research to further clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiliang Zhang
- Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Qiang Jia
- Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Mingming Han
- Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Limin Guo
- Rongcheng Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Rongcheng, Shandong, China
| | - Shichao Sun
- Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Doctoral candidate Class of 2022, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Wenhui Yin
- Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Cunxiang Bo
- Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Ru Han
- Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China.
| | - Linlin Sai
- Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China.
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Guha L, Agnihotri TG, Jain A, Kumar H. Gut microbiota and traumatic central nervous system injuries: Insights into pathophysiology and therapeutic approaches. Life Sci 2023; 334:122193. [PMID: 37865177 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury and spinal cord injury are two distinct but fundamentally similar types of acute insults to the central nervous system (CNS) that often culminate in death or cognitive and motor impairment. Over the past decade, researchers have tapped into research to discover the potential role being played by gut bacteria in CNS. After an acute CNS injury, the altered composition of the gut microbiota disturbs the balance of the bidirectional gut-brain axis, aggravating secondary CNS injury, motor dysfunctions, and cognitive deficits, which worsens the patient's prognosis. Some of the well-known therapeutic interventions which can also be used as adjuvant therapy for alleviating CNS injuries include, the use of pro and prebiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation, and microbial engineering. In this review, we aim to discuss the importance of gut microbes in our nervous system, anatomy, and signaling pathways involved in regulating the gut-brain axis, the alteration of the gut microbiome in CNS injuries, and the therapeutic strategies to target gut microbiomes in traumatic CNS injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lahanya Guha
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382355, India
| | - Tejas Girish Agnihotri
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382355, India
| | - Aakanchha Jain
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382355, India
| | - Hemant Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382355, India.
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Poblete RA, Yaceczko S, Aliakbar R, Saini P, Hazany S, Breit H, Louie SG, Lyden PD, Partikian A. Optimization of Nutrition after Brain Injury: Mechanistic and Therapeutic Considerations. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2551. [PMID: 37760993 PMCID: PMC10526443 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11092551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging science continues to establish the detrimental effects of malnutrition in acute neurological diseases such as traumatic brain injury, stroke, status epilepticus and anoxic brain injury. The primary pathological pathways responsible for secondary brain injury include neuroinflammation, catabolism, immune suppression and metabolic failure, and these are exacerbated by malnutrition. Given this, there is growing interest in novel nutritional interventions to promote neurological recovery after acute brain injury. In this review, we will describe how malnutrition impacts the biomolecular mechanisms of secondary brain injury in acute neurological disorders, and how nutritional status can be optimized in both pediatric and adult populations. We will further highlight emerging therapeutic approaches, including specialized diets that aim to resolve neuroinflammation, immunodeficiency and metabolic crisis, by providing pre-clinical and clinical evidence that their use promotes neurologic recovery. Using nutrition as a targeted treatment is appealing for several reasons that will be discussed. Given the high mortality and both short- and long-term morbidity associated with acute brain injuries, novel translational and clinical approaches are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roy A. Poblete
- Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine, The University of Southern California, 1540 Alcazar Street, Suite 215, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; (R.A.); (P.S.); (H.B.)
| | - Shelby Yaceczko
- UCLA Health, University of California, 100 Medical Plaza, Suite 345, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA;
| | - Raya Aliakbar
- Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine, The University of Southern California, 1540 Alcazar Street, Suite 215, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; (R.A.); (P.S.); (H.B.)
| | - Pravesh Saini
- Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine, The University of Southern California, 1540 Alcazar Street, Suite 215, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; (R.A.); (P.S.); (H.B.)
| | - Saman Hazany
- Department of Radiology, Keck School of Medicine, The University of Southern California, 1500 San Pablo Street, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA;
| | - Hannah Breit
- Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine, The University of Southern California, 1540 Alcazar Street, Suite 215, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; (R.A.); (P.S.); (H.B.)
| | - Stan G. Louie
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, The University of Southern California, 1985 Zonal Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA;
| | - Patrick D. Lyden
- Department of Neurology, Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, The University of Southern California, 1540 Alcazar Street, Suite 215, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA;
| | - Arthur Partikian
- Department of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Keck School of Medicine, The University of Southern California, 2010 Zonal Avenue, Building B, 3P61, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA;
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Ciarambino T, Crispino P, Minervini G, Giordano M. Vitamin D: Can Gender Medicine Have a Role? Biomedicines 2023; 11:1762. [PMID: 37371857 PMCID: PMC10296422 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11061762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This narrative review aims to shed light on the role of gender differences, on the biological and molecular functions in the main pathological mechanisms that recognize the role of vitamin D. Vitamin D deficiency is widespread worldwide, but it is still very controversial whether the amount of vitamin D taken daily is actually the only problem related to its biological functions. Currently, the plasma concentration of 25-hydroxyvitamin D represents the only indicator of the circulating blood quota. The concept is that the biological function of vitamin D is not only linked to its circulating levels, but it is hypothesized that its biological functions depend, above all, on its total bioavailability. In particular, vitamin D circulates for the most part linked to albumin and vitamin D binding protein (DBP), which depend on various pathological conditions and physiologically, above all, the function of the latter is regulated by estrogens, glucocorticoids, and inflammatory cytokines. During her life, women undergo various changes in the hormonal and sexual sphere concerning menarche, possible pregnancies, and breastfeeding but also the use of contraceptives and, finally, the transition from the period of fertility to menopause. Each of these phases presents specific needs and, consequently, sometimes also specific criticalities. Studies on young women have shown that vitamin D deficiency is present in 58 to 91% of cases. Obesity, metabolic disorders, and variation in estrogen contraction may affect vitamin D deficiency due to the decreased bioavailability from dietary sources due to deposition in body fat compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Ciarambino
- Internal Medicine Department, Hospital of Marcianise, ASL Caserta, 81037 Caserta, Italy
| | - Pietro Crispino
- Internal Medicine Department, Hospital of Latina, ASL Latina, 04100 Latina, Italy
| | - Giovanni Minervini
- Emergency Department, Hospital of Lagonegro, AOR San Carlo, 85042 Lagonegro, Italy
| | - Mauro Giordano
- Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences Department, University of Campania, L. Vanvitelli, 81100 Naples, Italy;
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Alipoor E, Jazayeri S, Dahmardehei M, Salehi S, Yaseri M, Emami MR, Rezayat SM, Hosseinzadeh-Attar MJ. Effect of a collagen-enriched beverage with or without omega-3 fatty acids on wound healing, metabolic biomarkers, and adipokines in patients with major burns. Clin Nutr 2023; 42:298-308. [PMID: 36724726 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2022.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS This study investigated the effects of collagen hydrolysate and omega-3 fatty acids (FAs) on the rate and quality of wound healing, metabolic disorders, and adipose-derived peptides in patients with major burns. METHODS In this randomized clinical trial, 66 patients with 20-45% deep partial or full-thickness burns were randomly assigned to three groups to receive either a beverage containing collagen (40 gr/d), collagen (40 gr/d) plus 3 gr/d omega-3 (ω-3) FAs, or placebo for four weeks. Wound healing rate, Vancouver scar scale (VSS), as well as baseline, weeks two and three serum concentrations of adiponectin, fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), neuregulin 4 (NRG4), transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, and pre-albumin/hs-CRP ratio were assessed. RESULTS The wound healing rate during the weeks post-burn (p = 0.006 and p = 0.01), and days of 95% (21.3 ± 6.8 and 22.9 ± 8.7 vs. 34.3 ± 14.8 days, p = 0.003 and p = 0.03) and complete (26 ± 7.7 and 27.4 ± 9.4 vs. 41.1 ± 16.6 days, p = 0.003 and p = 0.01) wound healing were significantly better with Collagen and Collagen. ω-3 compared to the placebo group. The VSS was significantly lower, indicated better scar status, in the both intervention groups compared to the placebo (p = 0.02 and p = 0.01). Wound healing outcomes were not statistically different between the Collagen and Collagen. ω-3 groups. Hs-CRP/pre-albumin ratio was significantly lower in the Collagen. ω-3 than the placebo group at week three (1.2 ± 1.9 vs. 4.8 ± 7.7 dl/l, p = 0.03). The significant decrease in serum adiponectin seen during the trial course within the placebo (10 ± 8.8 to 5.8 ± 4.9 mg/l, p = 0.03) and Collagen (11.8 ± 14 to 8.6 ± 11.7 mg/l, p = 0.03) groups was prevented in the Collagen. ω-3 group (p = 0.4). Circulating FGF21 decreased significantly within the Collagen (p = 0.005) and Collagen. ω-3 (p = 0.02) groups at the end of week three compared to the baseline. CONCLUSIONS Adding collagen hydrolysate as part of adjunctive therapy improved wound healing rate and quality. These findings as well as the efficacy of omega-3 FAs need to be further confirmed in larger populations. This study was registered with the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT20090901002394N42).
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Alipoor
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shima Jazayeri
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Research Center for Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mostafa Dahmardehei
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Burn Research Center, Motahari Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shiva Salehi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Yaseri
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Emami
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Mahdi Rezayat
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Nanomedicine, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Javad Hosseinzadeh-Attar
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Cardiac Primary Prevention Research Center, Cardiovascular Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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The Brain–Gut Axis in Traumatic Brain Injury: Implications for Nutrition Support. CURRENT SURGERY REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s40137-022-00325-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Purpose of Review
Early enteral nutrition improves outcomes following traumatic brain injury (TBI). This can prove difficult due to TBI-induced feeding intolerance secondary to disruption of the brain-gut axis, a network composed of central nervous system (CNS) input, autonomic signaling, and immunologic regulation that controls gut and CNS homeostasis. Here, we discuss the pathophysiology of brain–gut axis dysregulation and outline nutrition strategies in patients with TBI.
Recent Findings
Feeding intolerance following TBI is multifactorial; complex signaling between the CNS, sympathetic nervous system, parasympathetic nervous system, and enteric nervous system that controls gut homeostasis is disrupted within hours post-injury. This has profound effects on the immune system and gut microbiome, further complicating post-TBI recovery. Despite this disruption, calorie and protein requirements increase considerably following TBI, and early nutritional supplementation improves survival following TBI. Enteral nutrition has proven more efficacious than parenteral nutrition in TBI patients and should be initiated within 48 hours following admission. Immune-fortified nutrition reduces CNS and gut inflammation and may improve outcomes in TBI patients.
Summary
Although autonomic dysregulation of the brain–gut axis results in feeding intolerance following TBI, early enteral nutrition is of paramount importance. Enteral nutrition reduces post-TBI inflammation and enhances immunologic and gut function. When feasible, enteral nutrition should be initiated within 48 hours following injury.
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Panther EJ, Dodd W, Clark A, Lucke-Wold B. Gastrointestinal Microbiome and Neurologic Injury. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10020500. [PMID: 35203709 PMCID: PMC8962360 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10020500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Communication between the enteric nervous system (ENS) of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and the central nervous system (CNS) is vital for maintaining systemic homeostasis. Intrinsic and extrinsic neurological inputs of the gut regulate blood flow, peristalsis, hormone release, and immunological function. The health of the gut microbiome plays a vital role in regulating the overall function and well-being of the individual. Microbes release short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) that regulate G-protein-coupled receptors to mediate hormone release, neurotransmitter release (i.e., serotonin, dopamine, noradrenaline, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), acetylcholine, and histamine), and regulate inflammation and mood. Further gaseous factors (i.e., nitric oxide) are important in regulating inflammation and have a response in injury. Neurologic injuries such as ischemic stroke, spinal cord injury, traumatic brain injury, and hemorrhagic cerebrovascular lesions can all lead to gut dysbiosis. Additionally, unfavorable alterations in the composition of the microbiota may be associated with increased risk for these neurologic injuries due to increased proinflammatory molecules and clotting factors. Interventions such as probiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation, and oral SCFAs have been shown to stabilize and improve the composition of the microbiome. However, the effect this has on neurologic injury prevention and recovery has not been studied extensively. The purpose of this review is to elaborate on the complex relationship between the nervous system and the microbiome and to report how neurologic injury modulates the status of the microbiome. Finally, we will propose various interventions that may be beneficial in the recovery from neurologic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric J. Panther
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32601, USA;
- Correspondence:
| | - William Dodd
- College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA; (W.D.); (A.C.)
| | - Alec Clark
- College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA; (W.D.); (A.C.)
| | - Brandon Lucke-Wold
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32601, USA;
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Aghakhani N. Relationship between mild traumatic brain injury and the gut microbiome: A scoping review. J Neurosci Res 2021; 100:827-834. [PMID: 34964504 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.25004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
There is increasing evidence for the important role of gut microbiota (GMB) in the development and progression of neurologic pathologies. Some studies have shown that modifying the microbiome profile can confer benefits to patients. Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is a common occurrence in the general population. Although most patients recover, in a minority, disabling symptoms can persist for several months. We carried out a review of the literature to assess the effect of mTBI on GMB and to determine whether alleviating dysbiosis can improve clinical outcomes in mTBI patients. We performed searches in Medline/PubMed and Embase using the keywords "MTBI" AND "microbiome" OR "microbiota". Additional articles were identified by manual searches and using the Google search engine. In animal models, a clear perturbation of GMB was reported following TBI and probiotic supplementation (Lactobacillus acidophilus or Clostridium butyricum) improved neurologic function. There were no studies on changes in GMB after mTBI in humans; however, pre- or probiotic supplementation reduced the infection rate in patients with severe TBI and shortened the time spent in the intensive care unit without conferring any neurologic benefits. Thus, although the findings from animal models are promising, clinical studies are needed to determine whether therapeutic strategies that restore gut microbiome profile can improve long-term outcomes of patients with mTBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nozar Aghakhani
- Department of Neurosurgery, Center for Evaluation and Multidisciplinary Care of the Mild Traumatic Brain Injury, Bicêtre University Hospital, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
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The Efficacy of Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation for Improving Health Outcomes in Patients With Neurological Injuries and Traumas. TOP CLIN NUTR 2021. [DOI: 10.1097/tin.0000000000000258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Chao K, Wang D, Yang H, Ma N, Liu Q, Sun X, Sun R. Beneficial Effect of Immune-Enhanced Enteral Nutrition on Immune Function in Patients With Severe Neurological Diseases: A Single-Center Randomized Controlled Trial. Front Nutr 2021; 8:685422. [PMID: 34497819 PMCID: PMC8419436 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.685422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Undernutrition is the main reason for the use of artificial nutrition in patients with severe neurological diseases. However, the clinical and immunological outcomes of enteral nutrition supplemented with immunomodulatory nutrients in these patients remain unclear. Methods: In this single-center, randomized controlled study, 57 patients with severe neurological diseases were randomly divided into the following two groups according to the type of enteral nutrition they would receive: immune-enhancing (IE) (n = 27) and non-IE (NIE) (n = 30). The IE and NIE groups received enteral nutrition supplemented with immunomodulatory nutrients and standard enteral nutrition, respectively. We compared the nutritional status and the state of cellular immunity between the patients of the two groups. Clinical and immunological variables were evaluated following nutritional treatment. Results: Feeding intolerance was lower in the IE than that in the NIE group (P = 0.04). However, there were no significant differences between the results of the two groups in terms of length of stay in the intensive care unit or hospital, extubation time, or body mass index (P > 0.05). The CD4+ T-lymphocyte count and CD4+/CD8+ ratio in the peripheral blood increased significantly in the IE group. The expression of CD28 activated cell surface markers was higher in the IE than in the NIE group. In addition, increased plasma interferon-γ levels were recorded in the IE group, whereas the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, and IL-10 decreased. Conclusions: Immune-enhanced enteral nutrition could improve the immune status and feeding tolerance in patients with severe neurological diseases. Trial Registration:www.chictr.org.cn/index.aspx, identifier: ChiCTR-IPR-17013909.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Chao
- Extracardiac Care Unit, Henan Provincial Chest Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hongfu Yang
- Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ning Ma
- Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qilong Liu
- Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaoge Sun
- Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Rongqing Sun
- Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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Acosta JA, Fernández Ortega JF, Pérez Quesada S. Recommendations for specialized nutritional-metabolic treatment of the critical patient: Neurocritical patients. Metabolism and Nutrition Working Group of the Spanish Society of Intensive and Critical Care Medicine and Coronary Units. Med Intensiva 2021; 44 Suppl 1:69-72. [PMID: 32532415 DOI: 10.1016/j.medin.2020.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J A Acosta
- Hospital General Universitario de Alicante, Alicante, España.
| | | | - S Pérez Quesada
- Hospital General Universitario de Alicante, Alicante, España
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13
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Postolache TT, Wadhawan A, Can A, Lowry CA, Woodbury M, Makkar H, Hoisington AJ, Scott AJ, Potocki E, Benros ME, Stiller JW. Inflammation in Traumatic Brain Injury. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 74:1-28. [PMID: 32176646 DOI: 10.3233/jad-191150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
There is an increasing evidence that inflammation contributes to clinical and functional outcomes in traumatic brain injury (TBI). Many successful target-engaging, lesion-reducing, symptom-alleviating, and function-improving interventions in animal models of TBI have failed to show efficacy in clinical trials. Timing and immunological context are paramount for the direction, quality, and intensity of immune responses to TBI and the resulting neuroanatomical, clinical, and functional course. We present components of the immune system implicated in TBI, potential immune targets, and target-engaging interventions. The main objective of our article is to point toward modifiable molecular and cellular mechanisms that may modify the outcomes in TBI, and contribute to increasing the translational value of interventions that have been identified in animal models of TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teodor T Postolache
- Mood and Anxiety Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Veterans Health Administration, Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Veterans Integrated Service Network (VISN) 19, Aurora, CO, USA.,Military and Veteran Microbiome: Consortium for Research and Education (MVM-CoRE), Aurora, CO, USA.,Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Veterans Integrated Service Network (VISN) 5, VA Capitol Health Care Network, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Abhishek Wadhawan
- Mood and Anxiety Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Saint Elizabeths Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Adem Can
- School of Medicine, University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Christopher A Lowry
- Veterans Health Administration, Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Veterans Integrated Service Network (VISN) 19, Aurora, CO, USA.,Military and Veteran Microbiome: Consortium for Research and Education (MVM-CoRE), Aurora, CO, USA.,Department of Integrative Physiology and Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA.,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation and Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Margaret Woodbury
- Mood and Anxiety Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,VA Maryland Healthcare System, Baltimore VA Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Hina Makkar
- Mood and Anxiety Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Andrew J Hoisington
- Veterans Health Administration, Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Veterans Integrated Service Network (VISN) 19, Aurora, CO, USA.,Systems Engineering and Management, Air Force Institute of Technology, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH, USA
| | - Alison J Scott
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Eileen Potocki
- VA Maryland Healthcare System, Baltimore VA Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michael E Benros
- Copenhagen Research Center for Mental Health-CORE, Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - John W Stiller
- Mood and Anxiety Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Maryland State Athletic Commission, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Saint Elizabeths Hospital, Neurology Consultation Services, Washington, DC, USA
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14
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Sharma P, Agrawal A. Does modern research validate the ancient wisdom of gut flora and brain connection? A literature review of gut dysbiosis in neurological and neurosurgical disorders over the last decade. Neurosurg Rev 2021; 45:27-48. [PMID: 33904013 DOI: 10.1007/s10143-021-01516-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The connection between gastrointestinal microbiota and the brain has been described in ancient medical texts and is now well established by research. It is a bidirectional communication which plays a critical role in regulating not only the gastrointestinal homeostasis but has also been linked to higher emotional and cognitive functions. Recent studies have sought to expand on this concept by providing concrete evidence of the influence of gut microbiome on a wide array of diseases and disorders of the central nervous system. This article reviews the most recent literature published on this subject, over the previous decade and aims to establish the role of a healthy gut microbiome and probiotics as an effective adjunct in health and management of diseases of the nervous system. A literature search on PubMed database was conducted using keywords including "gut brain-axis," "gut dysbiosis," "neuropsychiatric disorders," "neurodegenerative disorders," "probiotic," and "traumatic brain injury." The search was performed without any publication date restrictions. Both animal and human studies evaluating the role of gut dysbiosis on various neurological and neurosurgical diseases, published in peer-reviewed journals, were reviewed. Current studies do not provide conclusive evidence of a direct origin of CNS disorders from gut dysbiosis, but a possible modulatory role of gut microbiota in certain neurological disorders has been implicated. An understanding of this connection can aid in finding novel therapeutic strategies for the management of neurological disorders associated with memory dysfunctions and brain and spinal cord injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranati Sharma
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sri Aurobindo Institute of Medical Sciences, Indore, India.,Department of Surgical Gastroenterology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, 249203, India
| | - Abhishek Agrawal
- Department of Surgical Gastroenterology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, 249203, India.
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15
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Zhu C, Zhang Y, Li W, Li Q. Clinical observation of individualized nutritional formula on inflammation index, immune status and gastrointestinal tolerance in patients with severe head injury. Pak J Med Sci 2021; 37:952-958. [PMID: 34290765 PMCID: PMC8281155 DOI: 10.12669/pjms.37.4.3987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To evaluate the clinical significance of individualized nutritional formulas on inflammatory factors, immune status and gastrointestinal tolerance in patients with severe head injury. Methods: A total of 80 patients with severe head injury who were hospitalized in Baoding No.1 Central Hospital from March 2017 to March 2020 were randomly divided into two groups with 40 cases in each group. Patients in both groups were given enteral nutrition (EN), the control group was given conventional enteral nutrition formula through nasointestinal tube, and the experimental group was given individualized nutrition formula. All patients were tested for tumor necrosis factor(TNF-α), C-reactive protein(CRP), interleukin 6(IL-6), IgA, IgM, IgG, serum intestinal fatty acid binding protein(I-FABP) and D-lactic acid concentration before and after enteral nutrition treatment. The incidence of adverse reactions such as abdominal distension, diarrhea, constipation, and gastric retention within seven days after treatment of two groups were compared and analyzed. Results: There was no significant difference in inflammatory factors such as TNF-a, CRP, IL-6, immunoglobulin levels, I-FABP and D-lactic acid concentration between the two groups before treatment (p>0.05). After treatment, the above indicators of the two groups of patients were better than before treatment, the difference was statistically significant (p<0.05), and the experimental group was significantly better than the control group (p<0.05). The experimental group had a gastrointestinal adverse reaction rate of 10%, and the control group had 27.5%, the difference was statistically significant (p=0.04). Conclusions: Individualized nutritional formula has more significant advantages than conventional nutritional formula for patients with severe head injury, which can reduce inflammatory response, increase the patient’s immune level, improve the intestinal mucosal barrier function, have good gastrointestinal tolerance, and have a low incidence of adverse reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunying Zhu
- Chunying Zhu, Department of Neuroscience Critical Care Unit, Baoding No.1 Central Hospital, Baoding, 071000, Hebei, China
| | - Yingfu Zhang
- Yingfu Zhang, Endoscopic Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Baoding No.1 Central Hospital, Baoding, 071000, Hebei, China
| | - Wei Li
- Wei Li, Department of Neuroscience Critical Care Unit, Baoding No.1 Central Hospital, Baoding, 071000, Hebei, China
| | - Qianqian Li
- Qianqian Li, Department of Neuroscience Critical Care Unit, Baoding No.1 Central Hospital, Baoding, 071000, Hebei, China
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16
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Peng R, Li H, Yang L, Chen X, Zeng L, Bo Z, Zhang L. Immunonutrition for traumatic brain injury in children and adolescents: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e037014. [PMID: 32883725 PMCID: PMC7473625 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-037014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the leading cause of paediatric trauma death and disability worldwide. The 'Guidelines for the Management of Severe Traumatic Brain Injury (Fourth Edition)' recommend that nutritional goals should be achieved within 5-7 days of injury. Immune-enhancing nutrition or immunonutrition, referring to the addition of specialised nutrients, including glutamine, alanine, omega-3 fatty acids and nucleotides, to standard nutrition formulas, may improve surgical outcomes in the perioperative period. However, the role of immune-enhancing nutritional supplements for patients with paediatric TBI remains unclear. We will conduct a systematic review to determine the efficacy and safety of immunonutrition for patients with paediatric TBI and provide evidence for clinical decision-making. METHODS AND ANALYSIS Studies reporting immune-enhancing nutrition treatments for patients with paediatric TBI will be included. Outcomes of interest include the length of hospital stay, wound infections, all-cause mortality, non-wound infection, including pneumonia, urinary tract infection and bacteraemia, and the reports adverse events. Duration of follow-up has no restriction. Primary studies consisting of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and non-RCTs will be eligible for this review, and only studies published in English will be included. We will search the Medline, Embase and Cochrane Library databases from their inception dates to January 2020. We will also search clinicaltrials.gov and the WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform for additional information. Two reviewers will independently select studies and extract data. Risk-of-bias will be assessed with tools based on the Cochrane risk-of-bias criteria and Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale. A meta-analysis will be used to pool data when there are sufficient studies with homogeneity. Heterogeneity of the estimates across studies will be assessed; if necessary, a subgroup analysis will be performed to explore the source of heterogeneity. The Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development and Evaluation method will be applied to assess the level of evidence obtained from this systematic review. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The proposed systematic review and meta-analysis will be based on published data, and thus ethical approval is not required. The results of this review will be published. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42020154814.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Peng
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Evidence-Based Pharmacy Center, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hailong Li
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Evidence-Based Pharmacy Center, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lijun Yang
- Department of General Practice Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinwei Chen
- Department of Critical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Linan Zeng
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Evidence-Based Pharmacy Center, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhenyan Bo
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Evidence-Based Pharmacy Center, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lingli Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Evidence-Based Pharmacy Center, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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17
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Kurtz P, Rocha EEM. Nutrition Therapy, Glucose Control, and Brain Metabolism in Traumatic Brain Injury: A Multimodal Monitoring Approach. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:190. [PMID: 32265626 PMCID: PMC7105880 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The goal of neurocritical care in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) is to prevent secondary brain damage. Pathophysiological mechanisms lead to loss of body mass, negative nitrogen balance, dysglycemia, and cerebral metabolic dysfunction. All of these complications have been shown to impact outcomes. Therapeutic options are available that prevent or mitigate their negative impact. Nutrition therapy, glucose control, and multimodality monitoring with cerebral microdialysis (CMD) can be applied as an integrated approach to optimize systemic immune and organ function as well as adequate substrate delivery to the brain. CMD allows real-time bedside monitoring of aspects of brain energy metabolism, by measuring specific metabolites in the extracellular fluid of brain tissue. Sequential monitoring of brain glucose and lactate/pyruvate ratio may reveal pathologic processes that lead to imbalances in supply and demand. Early recognition of these patterns may help individualize cerebral perfusion targets and systemic glucose control following TBI. In this direction, recent consensus statements have provided guidelines and recommendations for CMD applications in neurocritical care. In this review, we summarize data from clinical research on patients with severe TBI focused on a multimodal approach to evaluate aspects of nutrition therapy, such as timing and route; aspects of systemic glucose management, such as intensive vs. moderate control; and finally, aspects of cerebral metabolism. Research and clinical applications of CMD to better understand the interplay between substrate supply, glycemic variations, insulin therapy, and their effects on the brain metabolic profile were also reviewed. Novel mechanistic hypotheses in the interpretation of brain biomarkers were also discussed. Finally, we offer an integrated approach that includes nutritional and brain metabolic monitoring to manage severe TBI patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Kurtz
- Department of Neurointensive Care, Instituto Estadual do Cérebro Paulo Niemeyer, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Hospital Copa Star, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Eduardo E M Rocha
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Hospital Copa Star, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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18
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Cox LM, Abou-El-Hassan H, Maghzi AH, Vincentini J, Weiner HL. The sex-specific interaction of the microbiome in neurodegenerative diseases. Brain Res 2019; 1724:146385. [PMID: 31419428 PMCID: PMC6886714 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2019.146385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Several neurologic diseases exhibit different prevalence and severity in males and females, highlighting the importance of understanding the influence of biologic sex and gender. Beyond host-intrinsic differences in neurologic development and homeostasis, evidence is now emerging that the microbiota is an important environmental factor that may account for differences between men and women in neurologic disease. The gut microbiota is composed of trillions of bacteria, archaea, viruses, and fungi, that can confer benefits to the host or promote disease. There is bidirectional communication between the intestinal microbiota and the brain that is mediated via immunologic, endocrine, and neural signaling pathways. While there is substantial interindividual variation within the microbiota, differences between males and females can be detected. In animal models, sex-specific microbiota differences can affect susceptibility to chronic diseases. In this review, we discuss the ways in which neurologic diseases may be regulated by the microbiota in a sex-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M Cox
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Hadi Abou-El-Hassan
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Amir Hadi Maghzi
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Julia Vincentini
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States; Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Howard L Weiner
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States.
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19
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Cassol G, Godinho DB, de Zorzi VN, Farinha JB, Della-Pace ID, de Carvalho Gonçalves M, Oliveira MS, Furian AF, Fighera MR, Royes LFF. Potential therapeutic implications of ergogenic compounds on pathophysiology induced by traumatic brain injury: A narrative review. Life Sci 2019; 233:116684. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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20
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Jeong HB, Park SH, Ryu HG. Nutritional Support for Neurocritically Ill Patients. JOURNAL OF NEUROCRITICAL CARE 2018. [DOI: 10.18700/jnc.180070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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21
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Brenner LA, Stearns-Yoder KA, Hoffberg AS, Penzenik ME, Starosta AJ, Hernández TD, Hadidi DA, Lowry CA. Growing literature but limited evidence: A systematic review regarding prebiotic and probiotic interventions for those with traumatic brain injury and/or posttraumatic stress disorder. Brain Behav Immun 2017; 65:57-67. [PMID: 28606462 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2017.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Revised: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is highly prevalent among a wide range of populations, including civilians, military personnel, and Veterans. TBI sequelae may be further exacerbated by symptoms associated with frequently occurring comorbid psychiatric conditions, including posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This is particularly true among the population of military personnel from recent conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan, with a history of mild TBI (mTBI) and PTSD. The need for efficacious treatments for TBI and comorbid PTSD is significant, and evidence-based interventions for these frequently co-occurring conditions are limited. Based on findings suggesting that inflammation may be an underlying mechanism of both conditions, anti-inflammatory/immunoregulatory agents, including probiotics, may represent a novel strategy to treat TBI and/or PTSD-related symptoms. The focus of this systematic review was to identify and evaluate existing research regarding prebiotic and probiotic interventions for the populations of individuals with a history of TBI and/or PTSD. Only 4 studies were identified (3 severe TBI, 1 PTSD, 0 co-occurring TBI and PTSD). Although findings suggested some promise, work in this area is nascent and results to date do not support some claims within the extensive coverage of probiotics in the popular press.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa A Brenner
- Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Denver, CO, United States; Departments of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Psychiatry and Neurology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States; Military and Veteran Microbiome Consortium for Research and Education (MVM-CoRE), Denver, CO, United States.
| | - Kelly A Stearns-Yoder
- Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Denver, CO, United States; Military and Veteran Microbiome Consortium for Research and Education (MVM-CoRE), Denver, CO, United States
| | - Adam S Hoffberg
- Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Denver, CO, United States
| | - Molly E Penzenik
- Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Denver, CO, United States
| | - Amy J Starosta
- Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Denver, CO, United States
| | - Theresa D Hernández
- Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Denver, CO, United States; Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation and Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Daniel A Hadidi
- Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Denver, CO, United States; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation and Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Christopher A Lowry
- Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Denver, CO, United States; Military and Veteran Microbiome Consortium for Research and Education (MVM-CoRE), Denver, CO, United States; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation and Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States; Department of Integrative Physiology and Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
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22
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Rai VRH, Phang LF, Sia SF, Amir A, Veerakumaran JS, Kassim MKA, Othman R, Tah PC, Loh PS, Jailani MIO, Ong G. Effects of immunonutrition on biomarkers in traumatic brain injury patients in Malaysia: a prospective randomized controlled trial. BMC Anesthesiol 2017; 17:81. [PMID: 28619005 PMCID: PMC5472912 DOI: 10.1186/s12871-017-0369-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Head injury is one of the top three diagnosis leading to intensive care unit (ICU) admission in Malaysia. There has been growing interest in using immunonutrition as a mode of modulating the inflammatory response to injury or infection with the aim of improving clinical outcome. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of an immunonutrition on biomarkers (IL-6, glutathione, CRP, total protein and albumin) in traumatic brain injury patients. Methods Thirty six patients with head injury admitted to neurosurgical ICU in University Malaya Medical Centre were recruited for this study, over a 6-month period from July 2014 to January 2015. Patients were randomized to receive either an immunonutrition (Group A) or a standard (Group B) enteral feed. Levels of biomarkers were measured at day 1, 5 and 7 of enteral feeding. Results Patients in Group A showed significant reduction of IL-6 at day 5 (p < 0.001) with concurrent rise in glutathione levels (p = 0.049). Patients in Group A also demonstrated a significant increase of total protein level at the end of the study (day 7). Conclusion These findings indicate the potential of immunonutrition reducing cytokines and increasing antioxidant indices in patients with TBI. However, further studies incorporating patient outcomes are needed to determine its overall clinical benefits. Trial registration National Medical Research Register (NMRR) ID: 14–1430-23,171. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03166449.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vineya Rai Hakumat Rai
- School of Medicine, Taylor's University, Lakeside Campus, 47500, Subang Jaya, Malaysia.,KPJ Tawakkal Specialist Hospital, Jalan Pahang Barat, 53000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Lee Fern Phang
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Hospital Umum Sarawak, Jalan Hospital, 93586, Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Sheau Fung Sia
- Division of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Amirah Amir
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Jeyaganesh S Veerakumaran
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Rafidah Othman
- Department of Dietetics, University Malaya Medical Centre, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Pei Chien Tah
- Department of Dietetics, University Malaya Medical Centre, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Pui San Loh
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Gracie Ong
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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23
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Morris CR, Hamilton-Reeves J, Martindale RG, Sarav M, Ochoa Gautier JB. Acquired Amino Acid Deficiencies: A Focus on Arginine and Glutamine. Nutr Clin Pract 2017; 32:30S-47S. [PMID: 28388380 DOI: 10.1177/0884533617691250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonessential amino acids are synthesized de novo and therefore not diet dependent. In contrast, essential amino acids must be obtained through nutrition since they cannot be synthesized internally. Several nonessential amino acids may become essential under conditions of stress and catabolic states when the capacity of endogenous amino acid synthesis is exceeded. Arginine and glutamine are 2 such conditionally essential amino acids and are the focus of this review. Low arginine bioavailability plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of a growing number of varied diseases, including sickle cell disease, thalassemia, malaria, acute asthma, cystic fibrosis, pulmonary hypertension, cardiovascular disease, certain cancers, and trauma, among others. Catabolism of arginine by arginase enzymes is the most common cause of an acquired arginine deficiency syndrome, frequently contributing to endothelial dysfunction and/or T-cell dysfunction, depending on the clinical scenario and disease state. Glutamine, an arginine precursor, is one of the most abundant amino acids in the body and, like arginine, becomes deficient in several conditions of stress, including critical illness, trauma, infection, cancer, and gastrointestinal disorders. At-risk populations are discussed together with therapeutic options that target these specific acquired amino acid deficiencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia R Morris
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Emory-Children's Center for Cystic Fibrosis and Airways Disease Research, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Jill Hamilton-Reeves
- 2 Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, University of Kansas, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Robert G Martindale
- 3 Department of Surgery, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Menaka Sarav
- 4 Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Northshore University Health System, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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24
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Affiliation(s)
- Arlene A. Escuro
- Center for Human Nutrition, Digestive Disease and Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - A. Christine Hummell
- Center for Human Nutrition, Digestive Disease and Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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25
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Nutrition Therapy in the Organ Donor: Theoretical Benefits and Barriers to Implementation. Curr Nutr Rep 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s13668-016-0170-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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26
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Vonder Haar C, Peterson TC, Martens KM, Hoane MR. Vitamins and nutrients as primary treatments in experimental brain injury: Clinical implications for nutraceutical therapies. Brain Res 2016; 1640:114-129. [PMID: 26723564 PMCID: PMC4870112 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2015.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Revised: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
With the numerous failures of pharmaceuticals to treat traumatic brain injury in humans, more researchers have become interested in combination therapies. This is largely due to the multimodal nature of damage from injury, which causes excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, edema, neuroinflammation and cell death. Polydrug treatments have the potential to target multiple aspects of the secondary injury cascade, while many previous therapies focused on one particular aspect. Of specific note are vitamins, minerals and nutrients that can be utilized to supplement other therapies. Many of these have low toxicity, are already FDA approved and have minimal interactions with other drugs, making them attractive targets for therapeutics. Over the past 20 years, interest in supplementation and supraphysiologic dosing of nutrients for brain injury has increased and indeed many vitamins and nutrients now have a considerable body of the literature backing their use. Here, we review several of the prominent therapies in the category of nutraceutical treatment for brain injury in experimental models, including vitamins (B2, B3, B6, B9, C, D, E), herbs and traditional medicines (ginseng, Gingko biloba), flavonoids, and other nutrients (magnesium, zinc, carnitine, omega-3 fatty acids). While there is still much work to be done, several of these have strong potential for clinical therapies, particularly with regard to polydrug regimens. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled SI:Brain injury and recovery.
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