1
|
Walter S, Murrell DF. Gender equity in academic dermatology: Problems aplenty, yet paths ahead. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2024; 38:1504-1513. [PMID: 38606617 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.20027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Efforts to achieve gender equity of health professionals should be a priority in all fields of medicine, including academic dermatology. This review aimed, first, to summarize available evidence about the status of gender equity in various domains of academic dermatology-headship positions, salary, editor and editorial board appointments, publications, conference presentations, receipt of research grants and academic prizes-second, to identify challenges to achieving gender equity and, third, to articulate the components of a multifaceted strategy for gender parity. A variety of databases were searched. Manual searching of reference lists and searching of grey literature were also undertaken. It was found that, despite improvements in some domains, the gender inequity persists in all of the above-mentioned areas of academic dermatology. Challenges to achieve gender parity include time in pregnancy, disproportionate participation in childrearing and domestic tasks compared with men, suboptimal legislation in many jurisdictions for parenting and childcare leave, and unconscious biases about women. Elements of a multipronged approach include strengthening women's dermatology societies that advocate for women in academia; celebrating the careers of distinguished female academic dermatologists; mentoring; promoting leadership courses; striving for a greater representation of women among editors-in-chief, authors, and conference presenters, among others; seeking better pay, leave conditions and other work entitlements; conducting high-quality research about gender inequity in academic dermatology; imposing sanctions for violations of gender equity; supporting dermatologists' health; and learning from the experience of other fields of academic medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Walter
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Dermatology, St George Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Dedee F Murrell
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Dermatology, St George Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- The George Institute of Global Health, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Manjunath J, Snee I, Gabra J, Ching L, Yamamoto RK, Larson AR. Examining gender trends of conference speakers at major dermatology conferences, 2018-2023. Int J Womens Dermatol 2024; 10:e150. [PMID: 38756623 PMCID: PMC11098200 DOI: 10.1097/jw9.0000000000000150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jaya Manjunath
- Department of Dermatology, George Washington School of Medicine, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Isabel Snee
- Department of Dermatology, Georgetown School of Medicine, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Jessica Gabra
- Department of Dermatology, Georgetown School of Medicine, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Lauren Ching
- Department of Dermatology, Georgetown School of Medicine, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Rebecca K. Yamamoto
- Department of Dermatology, Georgetown School of Medicine, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Allison R. Larson
- Department of Dermatology, Georgetown University Medical Center and MedStar Health, Washington, District of Columbia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Szeto MD, Sivesind TE, Kim LS, O'Connell KA, Sprague KA, Nong Y, Strock DM, Cao AL, Wu J, Toledo LM, Wolfe SM, Boothby-Shoemaker W, Dellavalle RP. Gender Parity Analysis of the Editorial Boards of Influential Dermatology Journals: Cross-Sectional Study. JMIR DERMATOLOGY 2024; 7:e40819. [PMID: 38772024 DOI: 10.2196/40819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
This study underscores the persistent underrepresentation of women in academic dermatology leadership positions by examining the gender composition of editorial boards across top dermatology journals, emphasizing the urgent need for proactive strategies to promote diversity, equity, and inclusion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mindy D Szeto
- Department of Dermatology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Torunn E Sivesind
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Lori S Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Katie A O'Connell
- Department of Dermatology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Kathryn A Sprague
- Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine, Downers Grove, IL, United States
| | - Yvonne Nong
- Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, Flint, MI, United States
| | | | - Annie L Cao
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Jieying Wu
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Rocky Vista University, Parker, CO, United States
| | - Lauren M Toledo
- Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL, United States
| | - Sophia M Wolfe
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | | | - Robert P Dellavalle
- Department of Dermatology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Nguyen MA, Yousef S, Gupta R, McKenzie C. Gender distribution in surgical pathology journal publications and editorial boards. J Clin Pathol 2024; 77:219-224. [PMID: 37258250 DOI: 10.1136/jcp-2023-208915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate trends in representation of women among authors and editorial boards of surgical pathology journals over the last two decades.Secondary aims: to identify barriers and potential solutions. METHODS The names and gender of first, middle, last authors and editorial board members were obtained from original articles from seven pathology journals from various geopolitical regions in 2002, 2011 and 2021. The proportion of women first, middle, last authors and editorial board members were compared over time. RESULTS 1097 publications and 8012 individual authors were extracted. In 2002, 2011 and 2021, respectively, the percentage of women first authors were 28.3% (257 of 907), 31.9% (566 of 1773) and 41.1% (1421 of 3457); women middle authorship rates were 30.0% (159 of 530), 32.8% (375 of 1145) and 40.9% (1067 of 2609) and women last authors were 18.0% (34 of 188), 26.0% (82 of 315) and 36.0% (152 of 422). Women representation on editorial boards has increased (11.3%, 15.8%, 26.5%), but of the chief editors, there was only one woman in 2021, while all were men in 2002 and 2011. CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge, this study is the first to document under-representation of women among authors and editorial boards of surgical pathology journals. While women representation has increased over time, predominance of men remains relative to workforce proportions. Our findings are comparable to those from other medical fields and prompt the need to investigate the underlying causes for this imbalance and implement strategies to promote diversity, equity and inclusion in academic surgical pathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minh Anh Nguyen
- Department of Tissue Pathology and Diagnostic Oncology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
- New South Wales Health Pathology, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Samer Yousef
- Department of Anatomical Pathology and Cytopathology, Royal Brisbane and Woman's Hospital Health Service District, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ruta Gupta
- Department of Tissue Pathology and Diagnostic Oncology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
- New South Wales Health Pathology, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Catriona McKenzie
- Department of Tissue Pathology and Diagnostic Oncology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
- New South Wales Health Pathology, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Hancı V, Yakar MN, Shermatov N, Kara F, İbişoğlu E, Oltulu M, Köşker RK, Bilge D, Geylani B. The gender composition of the members of the editorial board of toxicology journals: Assessment of gender equality. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2024; 134:413-423. [PMID: 38030412 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.13968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
In many areas of medicine, gender equality has not yet been fully adopted despite recent developments. The inequality of gender in various areas of medicine is still debated. In this study, we analysed the gender composition of the editorial boards of toxicology journals in the Science Citation Index-Expanded (SCI-E) databases and the factors affecting this composition. The genders of the participants were determined by the data obtained from the official websites of the journals in September 2023. We analysed the journal metrics and publisher properties using Mann-Whitney U, Fisher's exact, Chi-square tests and Spearman's correlation coefficient. We used logistic regression analysis to reveal the independent factors related to gender parity. The representation rates of women were 28.62% on all editorial boards and 23.33% in editor-in-chief positions. The 'Neuroscience' (OR, 2.46 95%CI, 1.68-3.60, p < 0.001), 'Reproductive Biology'(OR, 2.05 95%CI, 1.22-3.42, p = 0.006) and 'Public, Environmental & Occupational Health'(OR, 1.49 95%CI, 1.18-1.88, p = 0.001) as a coverage category, the United States as a journal country (OR, 1.21, 95%CI, 1.04-1.40, p = 0.001), 5-year-IF≥3.6(OR, 1.54, 95%CI, 1.27-1.86, p < 0.001), 5-year H index≥29 (OR, 1.23, 95%CI, 1.01-1.49, p = 0.037) were the independent factors for gender parity. However, 'Oncology' (OR, 0.08 95%CI, 0.01-0.55, p = 0.011), 'Biochemistry, Molecular Biology' (OR, 0.62 95%CI, 0.44-0.86, p = 0.005) and 'Pharmacology & Pharmacy' (OR, 0.69 95%CI, 0.59-0.82, p < 0.001) as a coverage category, Japan as a publisher country (OR, 0.52 95%CI, 0.35-0.77, p = 0.001), and Switzerland as a journal country (OR, 0.61, 95%CI, 0.46-0.81, p = 0.001) were related to gender disparity. Greater endeavours are needed to reduce gender discrimination in toxicology. Toxicology authorities should continuously improve existing policies by optimising the analysis of objective information to eliminate barriers for toxicologists in terms of gender equality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Volkan Hancı
- Division of Intensive Care, Department of Anaesthesiology and Reanimation, Dokuz Eylül University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Nuri Yakar
- Division of Intensive Care, Department of Anaesthesiology and Reanimation, Hamidiye Etfal Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Nurgazy Shermatov
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Reanimation, Dokuz Eylül University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Fevzi Kara
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Reanimation, Dokuz Eylül University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Emel İbişoğlu
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Reanimation, Dokuz Eylül University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Merve Oltulu
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Reanimation, Dokuz Eylül University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Rıza Kaan Köşker
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Reanimation, Dokuz Eylül University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Duygu Bilge
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Reanimation, Dokuz Eylül University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Batuhan Geylani
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Reanimation, Dokuz Eylül University, İzmir, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Labbouz S, Khan S, Gohara M, Lucas J, Sarkar R, Murrell DF, Dodiuk-Gad RP. Meeting report: Women's Dermatology Society Forum at the 25th World Congress of Dermatology, Singapore, 2023. Int J Womens Dermatol 2024; 10:e125. [PMID: 38240008 PMCID: PMC10796140 DOI: 10.1097/jw9.0000000000000125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Labbouz
- Department of Dermatology, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
| | - Sidra Khan
- Department of Dermatology, Manchester University Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
- Department of Clinical Sciences and International Public Health, The Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - Mona Gohara
- Department of Dermatology, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Jennifer Lucas
- Department of Dermatology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Rashmi Sarkar
- Department of Dermatology, Lady Hardinge Medical College and Associated Hospitals, New Delhi, India
| | - Dedee F. Murrell
- Department of Dermatology, St George Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Roni P. Dodiuk-Gad
- Department of Dermatology, Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel
- Department of Dermatology, Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Dhami RK, Ng JW, Foster EL, Latour E, Keller JJ. Career advancement for female academic dermatologists: how the COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated inequities, and the path forward. Br J Dermatol 2024; 190:429-430. [PMID: 37890091 DOI: 10.1093/bjd/ljad422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Justin W Ng
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific-Northwest, Lebanon, OR
| | | | - Emile Latour
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Chen C, Pulavarty A, Lopez A. Characterizing Gender and Leadership Trends Among Mohs Micrographic Surgery Fellowship Directors. Dermatol Surg 2024; 50:149-154. [PMID: 38048171 DOI: 10.1097/dss.0000000000004036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fellowship directors (FDs) play a key role in shaping Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS). Studies characterizing director trends are lacking and may provide a framework for improving gender diversity. OBJECTIVE To explore characteristics of FDs and trends in gender of both fellows and FDs over time. MATERIALS AND METHODS The authors compiled a comprehensive list of FDs and fellows for all Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education-accredited Micrographic Surgery & Dermatologic Oncology programs from 1996 to 2023. Publicly available data from various internet sources from February 1, 2023 to May 30, 2023 were used to assess characteristics of MMS FDs. RESULTS The percentage of female FDs increased from 6% to 25% from 1996 to 2023. Female directors were more likely to select female fellows than male directors ( p = .0002) and had fewer years between fellowship completion and FD appointment (9.1 ± 4.7 years) compared with male directors (13.6 ± 8.8 years; p = .036). H-index, program type, and academic rank were similar between male and female directors. CONCLUSION Although gender parity among MMS trainees has been achieved, discrepancies remain in the gender composition of FDs. Further studies are required to determine why women are underrepresented as FDs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Chen
- Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York
| | - Akshay Pulavarty
- New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Adriana Lopez
- Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Manan MR, Nawaz I, Rahman S, Manan H. Diversity, equity, and inclusion in medical education journals: An evaluation of editorial board composition. MEDICAL TEACHER 2024; 46:280-288. [PMID: 37634062 DOI: 10.1080/0142159x.2023.2249212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE ARTICLE As editorial boards (EBs) of medical education journals (MEJs) hold substantial control over framing current medical education scholarship, we aimed to evaluate representation of women as well as geographic and socioeconomic diversity on EBs of these journals. MATERIALS AND METHODS In our cross-sectional study, Composite Editorial Board Diversity Score (CEBDS) was used to evaluate diversity at gender, geographic region, and country income level. Websites of MEJs were screened for relevant information. Job titles were categorized into 3 editorial roles and data were analyzed using SPSS version 26. RESULTS Out of 42 MEJs, 19 journals (45.2%) were published from the Global South. Among 1219 editors, 57.5% were men. Out of 46 editors in chief (EICs), 34.7% were women, and 60.9% were based in high income countries. No EIC belonged to low-income country. The proportion of female advisory board members was found to be positively correlated with the presence of a female EIC. Moreover, 2 journals achieved the maximum CEBDS. All editors belonged to the same World Bank income group and geographic region for 12 and 8 journals respectively. CONCLUSIONS In order to allow a truly global perspective in medical education to prevail, diversity and inclusivity on these journals become important parameters to address. Thus, promoting policies centered on improving diversity in all aspects should become a top priority.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Iqra Nawaz
- Faculty of Medicine, Quaid-e-Azam Medical College, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Sara Rahman
- Faculty of Medicine, Services Institute of Medical Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Hamna Manan
- Department of Medicine, Jinnah Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Jacobs JW, Fleming T, Verduzco-Gutierrez M, Spector ND, Booth GS, Armijo PR, Silver JK. Gender Representation of Editors at Journals Affiliated with Major U.S. Medical Societies. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2023; 32:1308-1319. [PMID: 37851989 DOI: 10.1089/jwh.2023.0376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To assess the gender composition of upper-level specialty-specific editor positions among United States (U.S.) medical society-affiliated journals and to evaluate the equitable inclusion of women and women physicians. Materials and Methods: The gender composition of upper-level (e.g., editor-in-chief, deputy) specialty-specific editor positions among 39 U.S. medical society-affiliated journals as of January 5, 2023, was analyzed. Editor positions below the level of associate editor were excluded. Parity (50:50 representation) and equity (compared with the proportion of practicing physicians in each medical specialty) benchmarks were utilized to determine if women are underrepresented in editor positions. Results: A total of 862 editor positions among 39 journals were assessed. Women held 32.9% (284/862) of positions (95% confidence interval [CI]: 29.9%-36.2%), significantly less than expected based on the U.S. population (p < 0.001). Physicians comprised 90.8% (783/862) of positions, of whom 30.4% (238/783) were women physicians (95% CI: 27.3%-33.7%), significantly less than expected (p < 0.001). Thirty-three (84.6%, 95% CI: 70.3%-92.8%) journals were below parity for women overall, whereas 34 (87.2%, 95% CI: 73.3%-94.4%) were below parity for women physicians. Fourteen (35.9%, 95% CI: 22.7%-51.6%) journals were below equity for women physicians. Notably, 13 (33.3%, 95% CI: 20.6%-49.0%) journals were below both parity and equity for women overall and women physicians. Conclusions: This study reveals mixed results in the equitable inclusion of women in editor positions of journals affiliated with U.S. medical societies. Despite the equitable inclusion of women in editorial roles being a remediable issue, approximately one third of journals affiliated with major U.S. medical societies remain inequitable.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy W Jacobs
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Talya Fleming
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, JFK Johnson Rehabilitation Institute at Hackensack Meridian Health, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Edison, New Jersey, USA
| | - Monica Verduzco-Gutierrez
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Nancy D Spector
- Department of Pediatrics, Executive Leadership in Academic Medicine® (ELAM), Drexel University College of Medicine, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Garrett S Booth
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Priscila Rodrigues Armijo
- Academic Affairs, Department of Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Julie K Silver
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Minion S, Kiene J, Dellavalle R. Dermatology Journals' Editorial Boards Require Improved Gender Equity: JMIR Dermatology's Future Directions. JMIR DERMATOLOGY 2023; 6:e43256. [PMID: 37632917 PMCID: PMC10335117 DOI: 10.2196/43256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Gender disparities exist across all facets of academic medicine including within the editorial boards of dermatology journals. Only 22% of these editorial boards comprised women, even though 51% of full-time, faculty dermatologists are female. When inviting academic dermatologists to our editorial board at JMIR Dermatology, we invited 50% women to represent the gender distribution of academic dermatologists; however, we have not sufficiently reached gender equity among accepted editorial board members. We will continue to strive toward the goal of gender equity on our editorial board and invite other dermatology journals to do the same.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Minion
- Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Julianne Kiene
- Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Robert Dellavalle
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Cowan SM, Kemp JL, Ardern CL, Thornton JS, Rio EK, Bruder AM, Mosler AB, Patterson B, Haberfield M, Roughead EA, Hart H, To L, Neufeld S, Mazahir N, Crossley KM. Sport and exercise medicine/physiotherapy publishing has a gender/sex equity problem: we need action now! Br J Sports Med 2023; 57:401-407. [PMID: 36631242 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2022-106055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We aimed to determine (1) the proportion of women authors overall, in first (lead) and last (senior) author positions, (2) the proportion of women research participants and (3) the association between women in first and/or last author positions and the proportion of women research participants in original research articles and editorials/opinion pieces in four sport and exercise medicine/physiotherapy journals. METHODS The journals evaluated were the British Journal of Sports Medicine, Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy, Physical Therapy in Sport and International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy.We reviewed all original research articles and editorials/opinion pieces published in 2008, 2009, 2018 and 2019. For each, we aimed to determine the gender/sex of all authors (through gender pronouns, Google Scholar, ResearchGate, institutional profiles, personal websites, photographs and/or social media), and the gender/sex of study participants reported as 'female' or 'male' or 'women' or 'men' or 'girls' or 'boys'. RESULTS We included 952 original studies and 219 editorials/opinion pieces. There were 5146 authors of original studies and 706 authors of editorials/opinion pieces. Compared with 2008/2009, the proportion of women as first and last authors was 3.6% (33.0% compared with 29.4%) and 4.8% (33.2% compared with 27.4%) higher respectively in 2018/2019. On average, the proportion of women participants in original studies remained largely unchanged over the 10-year period, only 10% of all participants were women in studies. CONCLUSION Women are strikingly under-represented in first and last author positions, as are women participants in sports and exercise medicine/physiotherapy journals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sallie M Cowan
- La Trobe Sport and Exercise Medicine Research Centre, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
- Australian IOC Research Centre, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
- Clifton Hill Physiotherapy, Clifton Hill, Victoria, Australia
| | - Joanne L Kemp
- La Trobe Sport and Exercise Medicine Research Centre, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
- Australian IOC Research Centre, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Clare L Ardern
- La Trobe Sport and Exercise Medicine Research Centre, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
- Australian IOC Research Centre, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Family Practice, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jane S Thornton
- Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Western Ontario Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ebonie Kendra Rio
- La Trobe Sport and Exercise Medicine Research Centre, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
- Australian IOC Research Centre, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
- Physiotherapy Department, Victorian Institute of Sport, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrea M Bruder
- La Trobe Sport and Exercise Medicine Research Centre, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
- Australian IOC Research Centre, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrea Britt Mosler
- La Trobe Sport and Exercise Medicine Research Centre, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
- Australian IOC Research Centre, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Brooke Patterson
- La Trobe Sport and Exercise Medicine Research Centre, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
- Australian IOC Research Centre, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Melissa Haberfield
- La Trobe Sport and Exercise Medicine Research Centre, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
- Australian IOC Research Centre, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Eliza A Roughead
- La Trobe Sport and Exercise Medicine Research Centre, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
- Australian IOC Research Centre, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Harvi Hart
- La Trobe Sport and Exercise Medicine Research Centre, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
- Australian IOC Research Centre, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Physical Therapy, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Laura To
- La Trobe Sport and Exercise Medicine Research Centre, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
- Australian IOC Research Centre, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sydney Neufeld
- Return to Health and Performance Lab, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nada Mazahir
- Return to Health and Performance Lab, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kay M Crossley
- La Trobe Sport and Exercise Medicine Research Centre, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
- Australian IOC Research Centre, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Tully JM, Murase JE, Grant-Kels JM, Murrell DF. Gender Equity in Medicine and Dermatology in the United States: The Long Road Traveled and the Journey ahead. Dermatol Clin 2023; 41:265-278. [PMID: 36933915 DOI: 10.1016/j.det.2022.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Over the past 50 years there has been an increase in the representation of women in medicine with similar rates of men and women graduating from medical training today. Nevertheless, gender gaps in leadership, research publications, and compensation persist. Herein, we review trends in gender differences among leadership positions in academic medicine with a particular focus on dermatology, evaluate the roles of mentorship, motherhood, and gender bias on gender equity, and discuss constructive solutions for addressing gender inequities that persist in academic medicine today.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Janell M Tully
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, 1701 Divisadero Street, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA; University of Arizona College of Medicine - Phoenix, 475 N 5th St, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
| | - Jenny E Murase
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, 1701 Divisadero Street, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA; Department of Dermatology, Palo Alto Foundation Medical Group, 701 East El Camino Real, Mountain View, CA 94040, USA
| | - Jane M Grant-Kels
- Department of Dermatology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, UCONN Health, 21 South Road, Farmington, CT 06032, USA; Department of Dermatology, University of Florida College of Medicine, 4037 NW 86th Terrace, 4th Floor, Gainesville, FL 32606, USA
| | - Dedee F Murrell
- Department of Dermatology, St. George Hospital, University of New South Wales, 27 Belgrave St, Kogarah, NSW 2217, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Gender Differences in Clinical Practice and Medicare Reimbursement Among Mohs Surgeons. Dermatol Surg 2023; 49:462-465. [PMID: 36877102 DOI: 10.1097/dss.0000000000003743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate Medicare reimbursement and clinical activity between male and female dermatologic surgeons. MATERIALS AND METHODS A retrospective review of the Medicare Provider Utilization and Payment data from 2018 was performed for all dermatologists performing MMS. Provider gender, place of service, number of services, and average payment per service was recorded for all relevant procedure codes. RESULTS Women represented 31.5% of the 2,581 surgeons who performed MMS in 2018. Women were paid significantly less than men (mean difference, -$73,033). On average, women performed 123 fewer cases than their male counterparts. When surgeons were stratified by productivity, remuneration was the same. CONCLUSION Remuneration from CMS was disparate between male and female dermatologic surgeons, which may be attributed to submission of fewer charges by women. Further efforts are necessary to better evaluate and address causes for this discrepancy, because greater parity of opportunity and pay would greatly benefit this subspecialty of dermatology.
Collapse
|
15
|
Mendoza-Holgado C, Cantero-Garlito PA, Barrios-Fernandez S. Gender Composition in Occupational Therapy Journals' Editorial Boards. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:3458. [PMID: 36834154 PMCID: PMC9966705 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20043458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
This paper analyses the Editorial Board (EB) distribution of Occupational Therapy journals from a gender perspective. The "Occupational Therapy" field in the Scimago Journal and Country Rank (SJR) and the "Occupational Therapy" term in the title search of the Journal Citation Report (JCR) were used to find the Occupational Therapy-specific journals. The following indicators were calculated: Editorial Board Member (EBM) gender distribution by journal, publisher, subject speciality, country, and journal quartile. Thirty-seven journals were located, including 667 individuals, 206 males (31%) and 461 females (69%). Referring to the EB positions, most members (557) were EB members, 70 were listed as Associate Editors, and 20 as Editorial Leaders. The results show that the proportion of women in the EB's of Occupational Therapy journals represents a majority. Regarding the distribution by gender of the EBMs, six journals had a female proportion below the cut-off point revealed in this study (69%). Four did not reach parity, with female representation below 50%. Additionally, the balance among the EBMs is significantly underrepresented compared to the percentage of female Occupational Therapy practitioners.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Mendoza-Holgado
- Health and Social Services Department, Government of Extremadura, 10004 Cáceres, Spain
- Occupation, Participation, Sustainability and Quality of Life (Ability Research Group), Nursing and Occupational Therapy College, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain
| | | | - Sabina Barrios-Fernandez
- Occupation, Participation, Sustainability and Quality of Life (Ability Research Group), Nursing and Occupational Therapy College, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Starchl C, Shah V, Zollner-Schwetz I, Knezevic J, Geiger S, Amrein K. A Comparison of the Representation of Women in Editor Positions at Major Medical Journals in 2021 vs 2011. ACADEMIC MEDICINE : JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION OF AMERICAN MEDICAL COLLEGES 2023; 98:75-79. [PMID: 36576769 PMCID: PMC9780051 DOI: 10.1097/acm.0000000000004964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE There continues to be a disparity in the representation of women across medicine, including in editor positions at major medical journals. The authors repeated a study they had conducted in 2011 to compare the representation of women in editor-in-chief and editorial board member positions in 2011 and 2021. METHOD The authors included in their analysis the 60 journals from their original 2011 study and the top 5 ranked journals by Journal Impact Factor in each of 12 disciplines in 2021. This led to the inclusion of 86 journals. The authors collected the names and genders of the editors-in-chief and editorial board members at these journals, using information provided by the journals and a Google search for the photos and/or pronouns of the remaining editors. They compared results across years (2021 vs 2011), editor positions, disciplines, Journal Impact Factors, and ranks. RESULTS Twenty-two of the 90 editors-in-chief (24.4%) were women in 2021 compared with 10 of 63 (15.9%) in 2011, an increase of 8.5%. Of the 6,285 editorial board members, 1,756 were women (27.9%) in 2021 compared with 719 of 4,112 (17.5%) in 2011, an increase of 10.4%. Journals with women editors-in-chief gained 3.5 ranks and 9.1 points in Journal Impact Factor on average over this 10-year period, compared with no gain in rank and an increase of 4.7 points in Journal Impact Factor for journals with men editors-in-chief; both are statistically significant differences (P = .045 and P = .016, respectively). CONCLUSIONS In almost all evaluated disciplines and editor positions, there was an increase in the percentage of women at top-ranked medical journals over a 10-year period. Despite this increase, improvements are still needed to accelerate the currently slow rate of change in these positions to enhance diversity, equity, and inclusion for women in medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christina Starchl
- C. Starchl is a medical doctor, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Vianca Shah
- V. Shah is a medical student, Robinson College, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Ines Zollner-Schwetz
- I. Zollner-Schwetz is associate professor, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Jovana Knezevic
- J. Knezevic is a medical doctor, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Simon Geiger
- S. Geiger is a medical student, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Karin Amrein
- K. Amrein is consultant, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Participación femenina en los comités editoriales de revistas médicas en Latinoamérica. BIOMÉDICA 2022; 42:355-363. [PMID: 35867927 PMCID: PMC9451002 DOI: 10.7705/biomedica.6120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Introducción. La participación femenina en el campo de la medicina y la investigación se ha incrementado en los últimos años; sin embargo, aún existen inequidades en la proporción de hombres y mujeres, especialmente en los cargos directivos y la participación en los comités editoriales de revistas científicas. Objetivo. Establecer la participación femenina en los comités editoriales de revistas médicas en Latinoamérica, y explorar su asociación con los cargos editoriales y los indicadores de impacto. Materiales y métodos. Se hizo un estudio descriptivo de tipo bibliométrico de revistas médicas de Latinoamérica indizadas en Scopus, actualizadas y vigentes en el 2020, las cuales se seleccionaron del portal de Scimago Journal & Country Rank. Los equipos editoriales se categorizaron en tres grupos según sus funciones y, posteriormente, se registró el sexo de sus miembros a partir de sus nombres. Resultados. Se incluyeron 113 revistas. En cuanto al liderazgo editorial, entre los 264 directores de comités editoriales, las mujeres representaban el 12,9 %. En lo concerniente a las diferentes funciones, de 1.449 miembros, las mujeres eran el 28,9 %, en tanto que, de los 4.575 miembros de comités consultivos, el 19,0 % correspondía a mujeres. Se observó una mayor presencia de mujeres en los comités editoriales de revistas de Chile, Brasil y Venezuela, y en las especialidades de salud pública, pediatría y anestesiología. Conclusiones. La participación femenina en los comités editoriales de revistas médicas de Latinoamérica es escasa.
Collapse
|
18
|
Brown ER, Smith JL, Rossmann D. "Broad" Impact: Perceptions of Sex/Gender-Related Psychology Journals. Front Psychol 2022; 13:796069. [PMID: 35310216 PMCID: PMC8928197 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.796069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Because men are overrepresented within positions of power, men are perceived as the default in academia (androcentrism). Androcentric bias emerges whereby research by men and/or dominated by men is perceived as higher quality and gains more attention. We examined if these androcentric biases materialize within fields that study bias (psychology). How do individuals in close contact with psychology view psychology research outlets (i.e., journals) with titles including the words women, gender, sex, or feminism (sex/gender-related) or contain the words men or masculinity (men-related; Study 1) versus psychology journals that publish other-specialized research, and do these perceptions differ in the general public? While the men-related journal was less meritorious than its other-specialty journal, evidence emerged supporting androcentric bias such that the men-related journal was more favorable than the other sex/gender-related journals (Study 1). Further, undergraduate men taking psychology classes rated sex/gender-related versus other-specialty journals as less favorable, were less likely to recommend subscription (Studies 1–2), and rated the journals as lower quality (Study 2 only). Low endorsement of feminist ideology was associated with less support for sex/gender-related journals versus matched other-specialty journals (Studies 1–2). Decreased subscription recommendations for sex/gender-related journals (and the men-related journal) were mediated by decreased favorability and quality beliefs, especially for men (for the sex/gender-related journals) and those low in feminist ideology (Studies 1–2). However, we found possible androcentric-interest within the public sphere. The public reach of articles (as determined by Altmetrics) published in sex/gender-related was greater than other-specialty journals (Study 3). The consequences of these differential perceptions for students versus the public and the impact on women’s advancement in social science and psychological science are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth R Brown
- Department of Psychology, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, FL, United States
| | - Jessi L Smith
- Department of Psychology, University of Colorado, Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, CO, United States
| | - Doralyn Rossmann
- Montana State University Library, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, United States
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Memon AR, Ahmed I, Ghaffar N, Ahmed K, Sadiq I. Where are female editors from low-income and middle-income countries? A comprehensive assessment of gender, geographical distribution and country’s income group of editorial boards of top-ranked rehabilitation and sports science journals. Br J Sports Med 2022; 56:458-468. [DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2021-105042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
ObjectiveWe aimed to examine the gender, geographical region and income group of the country of affiliation for editorial leadership (eg, editor-in-chief, section editor, associate editor) and advisors (eg, editorial board members) in top-ranked rehabilitation and sports science journals.MethodsA list of Scopus indexed, Q1 (25% top) rehabilitation and sports science journals, available under four different journal categories, was prepared based on the data from the Scientific Journal Rankings (SJR) website. The information for editorial leadership and advisors for these journals was obtained and their gender was determined through a multistep process. The country of affiliation of editorial leadership and advisors was used to categorise them to World Bank’s different geographical regions and income groups (for countries).ResultsThere were 7248 editors (35.7% leadership and 64.3% advisors) across 113 rehabilitation and sports science journals. Of all editors, 1792 (24.7%) were women. Women represented 24.5% of editorial leadership positions, 24.8% of advisory roles and 10.4% of editors-in-chief. Editors from South Asia (0.5%) and sub-Saharan Africa (0.6%) had the least representation, while those affiliated with institutions from high-income countries represented 93.5% of leadership roles and 93.1% of advisory positions. Moreover, editors affiliated with institutions from North America occupied almost half of all editorial roles.ConclusionsWomen and researchers affiliated with institutions from low-income and middle-income countries are under-represented on the editorial boards of top-ranked rehabilitation and sports science journals indexed in the Scopus database. Editors are responsible for promoting research in their specific field, and therefore, the current leadership in rehabilitation and sports science journals should consider diversifying their editorial boards by providing equitable opportunities to women and researchers from a broader geographical distribution.
Collapse
|
20
|
Thompson AM, Atluri S, Hsiao JL, Shi VY. Editorial board members of the top four dermatology journals. Int J Dermatol 2021; 61:e434-e436. [PMID: 34530486 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.15911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Swetha Atluri
- College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Jennifer L Hsiao
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Vivian Y Shi
- Department of Dermatology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Murase JE, Murrell DF. Embracing diversity in dermatology: Creation of a culture of inclusion in dermatologic publishing. Int J Womens Dermatol 2021; 7:371-377. [PMID: 34621947 PMCID: PMC8484944 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijwd.2021.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jenny E Murase
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, California
- Department of Dermatology, Palo Alto Foundation Medical Group, Mountain View, California
| | - Dedee F Murrell
- Department of Dermatology, St. George Hospital, UNSW Faculty of Medicine, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Awad NI. Disparities in gender distribution within editorial boards of pharmacy journals. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CLINICAL PHARMACY 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/jac5.1391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nadia I. Awad
- Department of Pharmacy Robert Wood Johnson University Hospital New Brunswick New Jersey USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Ellinas EH, Best JA, Kowalski AM, Sharkey KM, Shillcutt SK, Al-Assi K, Silver JK. Representation of Women on Journal Editorial Boards Affiliated with the Association of American Medical College's Council of Faculty and Academic Societies. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2021; 30:1095-1106. [PMID: 33497583 DOI: 10.1089/jwh.2020.8676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The Council of Faculty and Academic Societies (CFAS) comprises representatives from medical schools and professional societies who guide the Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC). Given the AAMC's stated mission to improve diversity and inclusion, we used gender-related representation on journal editorial boards as a proxy for evaluating CFAS member societies' commitments to equity. Methods: From screenshots of journal mastheads (n = 44) collected June 3-6, 2019, individuals were categorized by editorial position. Outcome measures included numbers of men and women among faculty, deans, department chairs, physicians, and nonphysicians on editorial boards. Outcomes were compared with 2018 AAMC and US Bureau of Labor Statistics workforce data. Results: Overall, the proportion of women among journal editors was 29.0% (364 of 1,255), range 0%-53.3%. This proportion was significantly less than the proportion of women among US medical school faculty and medical scientists. The lowest percentages of women were found among journals' section or topic editors (19.2%) and editors-in-chief (20.4%). Men were significantly more likely to be a professor or department chair and women were significantly more likely to be an associate professor or assistant professor, suggesting a bidirectional process between rank and editorial position that may inhibit the advancement of academic women, particularly women physicians. Conclusions: This study revealed disparities in the equitable representation of women among CFAS member-affiliated journal editors. Because CFAS member societies participate in a mutually beneficial relationship with the AAMC, they should strive to attain the equity goals set forth by the AAMC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth H Ellinas
- Department of Anesthesiology, MCW Center for the Advancement of Women in Science and Medicine (AWSM), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Jennifer A Best
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Alicia M Kowalski
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Katherine M Sharkey
- Departments of Medicine and Psychiatry and Human Behavior, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Sasha K Shillcutt
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Kenda Al-Assi
- Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland-Bahrain, Busaiteen, Bahrain
| | - Julie K Silver
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Candal-Pedreira C, Fernández-Villar A, López-Campos JL, Ruano-Ravina A. Presence of SEPAR Members on the Editorial Committees of Journals Indexed in the "Respiratory System" Category of Journal Citation Reports. Arch Bronconeumol 2020; 57:374-375. [PMID: 33067028 DOI: 10.1016/j.arbres.2020.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Candal-Pedreira
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, España
| | - Alberto Fernández-Villar
- Grupo NeumoVigo I+i, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Galicia Sur (IISGS), Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Álvaro Cunqueiro, Vigo, Pontevedra, España
| | - José Luis López-Campos
- Unidad Médico-Quirúrgica de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, España
| | - Alberto Ruano-Ravina
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, España; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBER en Epidemiología and Salud Pública/CIBERESP), Madrid, España.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Do MH, Lipner SR. Contribution of gender on compensation of Veterans Affairs-affiliated dermatologists: A cross-sectional study. Int J Womens Dermatol 2020; 6:414-418. [PMID: 33898710 PMCID: PMC8060668 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijwd.2020.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gender disparity in research funding, leadership, authorship, and compensation in medicine is well documented, with most parameters favoring men over women. Gender differences in salary in dermatology have not been well studied. Objective This study aimed to investigate the contribution of gender to dermatologists’ compensation in the Veterans Affairs (VA) health care system. Methods A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted by identifying VA-affiliated dermatologists from the U.S. Department of VA website. The contributions of gender, years since graduation, h-index, academic appointment, race, and region on the publicly available salaries were analyzed using a linear-regression model to isolate the effects of gender and interaction with other variables. Results This study included 247 VA dermatologists with publicly available salaries (114 women and 133 men). On univariate analyses, male dermatologists had significantly higher compensation than female dermatologists (p = .0333). However, male dermatologists also had significantly more years since graduation (p < .0001) and higher h-indices (p < .0001). Multivariate analysis showed that gender was not a significant contributor to salary. Instead, years since graduation (p < .0001), h-index (p = .0066), and academic appointment (p < .0001) contributed significantly to VA dermatologists’ salaries. Region and race were not determinants of salary. Gender did not contribute to salary overall, but there was an interactive effect between gender and region (p = .0099). Compared with women, male dermatologists had significantly higher salaries in the Midwest (p < .0018). Conclusion Our study revealed that VA hospitals have maintained gender equality in dermatologist compensation nationally, which could serve as a model to close salary gender gaps in other health care systems. Further research should focus on inclusion of VA physicians from different specialties, as well as across multiple years, to further characterize this observation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mytrang H Do
- Weill Cornell Medical College, Tri-Institutional MD-PhD program, New York, NY, United States
| | - Shari R Lipner
- Weill Cornell Medical College, Department of Dermatology, New York, NY, United States
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Gender and race trends in academic rank of dermatologists at top U.S. institutions: A cross-sectional study. Int J Womens Dermatol 2020; 6:283-285. [PMID: 33015287 PMCID: PMC7522810 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijwd.2020.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Despite growth in the proportion of women and underrepresented minorities in the dermatology workforce, gender and racial differences persist. Objective This study sought to analyze the differences in academic rank between genders and races while controlling for achievement indicators. Methods Data from 15 institutions, selected based on residency program rankings, were analyzed. Results Women were well-represented as assistant professors (60.7% vs. 37.6% of men; p < .001) and underrepresented as full professors (17.0% vs. 37.6%; p < .001). However, in a multivariable analysis controlling for career duration, publications per year, National Institutes of Health funding, and PhD degrees, neither gender (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 1.01; confidence interval [CI], 0.55-2.73) nor race (aOR: 1.24; CI, 0.53-2.92) was associated with a higher academic rank. Career duration (aOR: 1.24; CI, 1.18-1.30), publications per year (aOR: 1.48; CI, 1.28-1.74), and National Institutes of Health research funding (aOR: 4.29; CI, 1.53-12.88) were predictive of higher academic rank. Conclusion Our findings confirm that for equal levels of achievement, men and women are promoted similarly in dermatology, yet reasons for disparity in research output and funding for women and minority dermatologists need further study.
Collapse
|
27
|
Masic I, Jankovic SM, Kurjak A, Donev DM, Zildzic M, Sinanovic O, Hozo I, Milicevic S, Hasukic S, Mujanovic E, Arnautovic K, Trnacevic S, Mesic E, Biscevic M, Sefic M, Gerc V, Kucukalic A, Hrgovic Z, Bergsland J, Grujic M. Guidelines for Editing Biomedical Journals: Recommended by Academy of Medical Sciences of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Acta Inform Med 2020; 28:232-236. [PMID: 33627922 PMCID: PMC7879445 DOI: 10.5455/aim.2020.28.232-236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Enormous number of medical journals published around the globe requires standardization of editing practice. Objective: The aim of this article was to enlist main principles of editing biomedical scientific journals adopted at annual meeting of Academy of Medical Sciences of Bosnia & Herzegovina (AMSB&H). Methods: The evidence for writing this Guideline was systematically searched for during September 2020 in the PUBMED and GOOGLE SCHOLAR databases. The inclusion criteria were: original studies, systematic reviews, invited expert opinions, guidelines and editorials. The exclusion criteria were narrative reviews and uninvited opinion articles. The retrieved evidence was analyzed by members of the AMSB&H, then discussed at 2020 annual meeting of the AMSB&H and adopted by nominal group technique. Results: In total 14 recommendations were made, based on A to C class of evidence. The editors should educate potential authors and instruct them how to structure their manuscript, how to write every segment of the manuscript, and take care about correct use of statistical tests. Plagiarism detection softwares should be used regularly, and statistical and technical editing should be rigorous and thorough. International standards of reporting specific types of studies should be followed, and principles of ethical and responsible behavior of editors, reviewers and authors should be published on the journal’s web site. The editors should insist on registration of clinical studies before submission, and check whether non-essential personal information is removed from the articles; when essential personal information has to be included, an article should not be published without signed informed consent by the patient to whom these information relate. Conclusions: Principles of editing biomedical scientific journals recommended in this guideline should serve as one of the means of improving medical journals’ quality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Izet Masic
- Academy of Medical Sciences of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina.,World Academy of Art and Science, Washington, USA.,International Academy of Health Science Informatics, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Slobodan M Jankovic
- Academy of Medical Sciences of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina.,Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Asim Kurjak
- Academy of Medical Sciences of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina.,World Academy of Art and Science, Washington, USA.,European Academy of Sciences and Arts, Salzburg, Austria.,International Academy of Perinatal medicine, Zagreb, Croatia.,Sarajevo School of Science and Technology, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Doncho M Donev
- Academy of Medical Sciences of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina.,European Academy of Sciences and Arts, Salzburg, Austria.,Faculty of Medicine, Ss Cyril and Methodius University, Skopje, R.N. Macedonia
| | - Muharem Zildzic
- Academy of Medical Sciences of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Osman Sinanovic
- Academy of Medical Sciences of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina.,Sarajevo School of Science and Technology, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Izet Hozo
- Academy of Medical Sciences of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Split, Split, Croatia
| | - Snjezana Milicevic
- Academy of Medical Sciences of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Banja Luka, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Sefik Hasukic
- Academy of Medical Sciences of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina.,Department of Surgery, University Clinical Center Tuzla, Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Emir Mujanovic
- Academy of Medical Sciences of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina.,Medical center Bayer, Tuzla, Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Kenan Arnautovic
- Academy of Medical Sciences of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina.,Semmes Murphey Leaders in Brain and Spine Care, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Senaid Trnacevic
- Academy of Medical Sciences of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina.,University Clinical Center Tuzla, Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Enisa Mesic
- Academy of Medical Sciences of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina.,University Clinical Center Tuzla, Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Mirza Biscevic
- Academy of Medical Sciences of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina.,General Hospital "Prim. Dr. Abdulah Nakas", Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Mustafa Sefic
- Academy of Medical Sciences of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Vjekoslav Gerc
- Academy of Medical Sciences of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Abdulah Kucukalic
- Academy of Medical Sciences of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Zlatko Hrgovic
- Academy of Medical Sciences of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Jacob Bergsland
- Academy of Medical Sciences of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina.,University Hospital Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mirko Grujic
- Academy of Medical Sciences of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| |
Collapse
|