1
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Brychka D, Ayala-Nunez NV, Dupas A, Bare Y, Partiot E, Mittelheisser V, Lucansky V, Goetz JG, Osmani N, Gaudin R. Targeting monocytic Occludin impairs transendothelial migration and HIV neuroinvasion. EMBO Rep 2024; 25:3276-3299. [PMID: 39039298 PMCID: PMC11315906 DOI: 10.1038/s44319-024-00190-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Transmigration of circulating monocytes from the bloodstream to tissues represents an early hallmark of inflammation. This process plays a pivotal role during viral neuroinvasion, encephalitis, and HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders. How monocytes locally unzip endothelial tight junction-associated proteins (TJAPs), without perturbing impermeability, to reach the central nervous system remains poorly understood. Here, we show that human circulating monocytes express the TJAP Occludin (OCLN) to promote transmigration through endothelial cells. We found that human monocytic OCLN (hmOCLN) clusters at monocyte-endothelium interface, while modulation of hmOCLN expression significantly impacts monocyte transmigration. Furthermore, we designed OCLN-derived peptides targeting its extracellular loops (EL) and show that transmigration of treated monocytes is inhibited in vitro and in zebrafish embryos, while preserving vascular integrity. Monocyte transmigration toward the brain is an important process for HIV neuroinvasion and we found that the OCLN-derived peptides significantly inhibit HIV dissemination to cerebral organoids. In conclusion, our study identifies an important role for monocytic OCLN during transmigration and provides a proof-of-concept for the development of mitigation strategies to prevent monocyte infiltration and viral neuroinvasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Brychka
- CNRS, Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier (IRIM), Montpellier, France
- Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Nilda Vanesa Ayala-Nunez
- CNRS, Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier (IRIM), Montpellier, France
- Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Empa - Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, 9014, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Amandine Dupas
- Tumor Biomechanics, INSERM UMR_S1109, Strasbourg, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Strasbourg, France
| | - Yonis Bare
- CNRS, Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier (IRIM), Montpellier, France
- Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Emma Partiot
- CNRS, Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier (IRIM), Montpellier, France
- Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Vincent Mittelheisser
- Tumor Biomechanics, INSERM UMR_S1109, Strasbourg, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Strasbourg, France
| | - Vincent Lucansky
- CNRS, Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier (IRIM), Montpellier, France
- Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin (JFMED CU), Department of Pathophysiology, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Jacky G Goetz
- Tumor Biomechanics, INSERM UMR_S1109, Strasbourg, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Strasbourg, France
| | - Naël Osmani
- Tumor Biomechanics, INSERM UMR_S1109, Strasbourg, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Strasbourg, France
| | - Raphael Gaudin
- CNRS, Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier (IRIM), Montpellier, France.
- Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
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2
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Voges L, Weiß F, Branco AT, Fromm M, Krug SM. Expression and Localization Profiles of Tight Junction Proteins in Immune Cells Depend on Their Activation Status. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4861. [PMID: 38732086 PMCID: PMC11084252 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The ability of the immune system to combat pathogens relies on processes like antigen sampling by dendritic cells and macrophages migrating through endo- and epithelia or penetrating them with their dendrites. In addition, other immune cell subtypes also migrate through the epithelium after activation. For paracellular migration, interactions with tight junctions (TJs) are necessary, and previous studies reported TJ protein expression in several immune cells. Our investigation aimed to characterize, in more detail, the expression profiles of TJ proteins in different immune cells in both naïve and activated states. The mRNA expression analysis revealed distinct expression patterns for TJ proteins, with notable changes, mainly increases, upon activation. At the protein level, LSR appeared predominant, being constitutively present in naïve cell membranes, suggesting roles as a crucial interaction partner. Binding experiments suggested the presence of claudins in the membrane only after stimulation, and claudin-8 translocation to the membrane occurred after stimulation. Our findings suggest a dynamic TJ protein expression in immune cells, implicating diverse functions in response to stimulation, like interaction with TJ proteins or regulatory roles. While further analysis is needed to elucidate the precise roles of TJ proteins, our findings indicate important non-canonical functions of TJ proteins in immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Voges
- Clinical Physiology/Nutritional Medicine, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 12203 Berlin, Germany
| | - Franziska Weiß
- Clinical Physiology/Nutritional Medicine, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 12203 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ana-Teresa Branco
- Institute of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 12203 Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Fromm
- Clinical Physiology/Nutritional Medicine, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 12203 Berlin, Germany
| | - Susanne M. Krug
- Clinical Physiology/Nutritional Medicine, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 12203 Berlin, Germany
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3
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Leiba J, Sipka T, Begon-Pescia C, Bernardello M, Tairi S, Bossi L, Gonzalez AA, Mialhe X, Gualda EJ, Loza-Alvarez P, Blanc-Potard A, Lutfalla G, Nguyen-Chi ME. Dynamics of macrophage polarization support Salmonella persistence in a whole living organism. eLife 2024; 13:e89828. [PMID: 38224094 PMCID: PMC10830131 DOI: 10.7554/elife.89828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Numerous intracellular bacterial pathogens interfere with macrophage function, including macrophage polarization, to establish a niche and persist. However, the spatiotemporal dynamics of macrophage polarization during infection within host remain to be investigated. Here, we implement a model of persistent Salmonella Typhimurium infection in zebrafish, which allows visualization of polarized macrophages and bacteria in real time at high resolution. While macrophages polarize toward M1-like phenotype to control early infection, during later stages, Salmonella persists inside non-inflammatory clustered macrophages. Transcriptomic profiling of macrophages showed a highly dynamic signature during infection characterized by a switch from pro-inflammatory to anti-inflammatory/pro-regenerative status and revealed a shift in adhesion program. In agreement with this specific adhesion signature, macrophage trajectory tracking identifies motionless macrophages as a permissive niche for persistent Salmonella. Our results demonstrate that zebrafish model provides a unique platform to explore, in a whole organism, the versatile nature of macrophage functional programs during bacterial acute and persistent infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jade Leiba
- LPHI, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERMMontpellierFrance
| | - Tamara Sipka
- LPHI, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERMMontpellierFrance
| | | | - Matteo Bernardello
- ICFO - Institute of Photonic Sciences, The Barcelona Institute of Science and TechnologyCastelldefels, BarcelonaSpain
| | - Sofiane Tairi
- LPHI, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERMMontpellierFrance
| | - Lionello Bossi
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell-I2BC, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRSGif-sur-YvetteFrance
| | - Anne-Alicia Gonzalez
- MGX-Montpellier GenomiX, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERMMontpellierFrance
| | - Xavier Mialhe
- MGX-Montpellier GenomiX, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERMMontpellierFrance
| | - Emilio J Gualda
- ICFO - Institute of Photonic Sciences, The Barcelona Institute of Science and TechnologyCastelldefels, BarcelonaSpain
| | - Pablo Loza-Alvarez
- ICFO - Institute of Photonic Sciences, The Barcelona Institute of Science and TechnologyCastelldefels, BarcelonaSpain
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4
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Nguyen HO, Tiberio L, Facchinetti F, Ripari G, Violi V, Villetti G, Salvi V, Bosisio D. Modulation of Human Dendritic Cell Functions by Phosphodiesterase-4 Inhibitors: Potential Relevance for the Treatment of Respiratory Diseases. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2254. [PMID: 37765223 PMCID: PMC10535230 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15092254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhibitors of phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE4) are small-molecule drugs that, by increasing the intracellular levels of cAMP in immune cells, elicit a broad spectrum of anti-inflammatory effects. As such, PDE4 inhibitors are actively studied as therapeutic options in a variety of human diseases characterized by an underlying inflammatory pathogenesis. Dendritic cells (DCs) are checkpoints of the inflammatory and immune responses, being responsible for both activation and dampening depending on their activation status. This review shows evidence that PDE4 inhibitors modulate inflammatory DC activation by decreasing the secretion of inflammatory and Th1/Th17-polarizing cytokines, although preserving the expression of costimulatory molecules and the CD4+ T cell-activating potential. In addition, DCs activated in the presence of PDE4 inhibitors induce a preferential Th2 skewing of effector T cells, retain the secretion of Th2-attracting chemokines and increase the production of T cell regulatory mediators, such as IDO1, TSP-1, VEGF-A and Amphiregulin. Finally, PDE4 inhibitors selectively induce the expression of the surface molecule CD141/Thrombomodulin/BDCA-3. The result of such fine-tuning is immunomodulatory DCs that are distinct from those induced by classical anti-inflammatory drugs, such as corticosteroids. The possible implications for the treatment of respiratory disorders (such as COPD, asthma and COVID-19) by PDE4 inhibitors will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoang Oanh Nguyen
- ImmunoConcEpT, CNRS UMR 5164, University of Bordeaux, 33000 Bordeaux, France;
| | - Laura Tiberio
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (L.T.); (G.R.); (V.V.)
| | - Fabrizio Facchinetti
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Translational Science, Corporate Pre-Clinical R&D, Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A., 43122 Parma, Italy; (F.F.); (G.V.)
| | - Giulia Ripari
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (L.T.); (G.R.); (V.V.)
| | - Valentina Violi
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (L.T.); (G.R.); (V.V.)
| | - Gino Villetti
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Translational Science, Corporate Pre-Clinical R&D, Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A., 43122 Parma, Italy; (F.F.); (G.V.)
| | - Valentina Salvi
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (L.T.); (G.R.); (V.V.)
| | - Daniela Bosisio
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (L.T.); (G.R.); (V.V.)
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5
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Gibb M, Sayes CM. An In Vitro Alveolar Model Allows for the Rapid Assessment of Particles for Respiratory Sensitization Potential. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10104. [PMID: 37373252 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Dust, both industrial and household, contains particulates that can reach the most distal aspects of the lung. Silica and nickel compounds are two such particulates and have known profiles of poor health outcomes. While silica is well-characterized, nickel compounds still need to be fully understood for their potential to cause long-term immune responses in the lungs. To assess these hazards and decrease animal numbers used in testing, investigations that lead to verifiable in vitro methods are needed. To understand the implications of these two compounds reaching the distal aspect of the lungs, the alveoli, an architecturally relevant alveolar model consisting of epithelial cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells in a maintained submerged system, was utilized for high throughput testing. Exposures include crystalline silica (SiO2) and nickel oxide (NiO). The endpoints measured included mitochondrial reactive oxygen species and cytostructural changes assessed via confocal laser scanning microscopy; cell morphology evaluated via scanning electron microscopy; biochemical reactions assessed via protein arrays; transcriptome assessed via gene arrays, and cell surface activation markers evaluated via flow cytometry. The results showed that, compared to untreated cultures, NiO increased markers for dendritic cell activation, trafficking, and antigen presentation; oxidative stress and cytoskeletal changes, and gene and cytokine expression of neutrophil and other leukocyte chemoattractants. The chemokines and cytokines CCL3, CCL7, CXCL5, IL-6, and IL-8 were identified as potential biomarkers of respiratory sensitization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Gibb
- Institute of Biomedical Studies, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA
| | - Christie M Sayes
- Institute of Biomedical Studies, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA
- Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA
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6
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Lu F, Leach LL, Gross JM. A CRISPR-Cas9-mediated F0 screen to identify pro-regenerative genes in the zebrafish retinal pigment epithelium. Sci Rep 2023; 13:3142. [PMID: 36823429 PMCID: PMC9950062 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-29046-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Ocular diseases resulting in death of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) lead to vision loss and blindness. There are currently no FDA-approved strategies to restore damaged RPE cells. Stimulating intrinsic regenerative responses within damaged tissues has gained traction as a possible mechanism for tissue repair. Zebrafish possess remarkable regenerative abilities, including within the RPE; however, our understanding of the underlying mechanisms remains limited. Here, we conducted an F0 in vivo CRISPR-Cas9-mediated screen of 27 candidate RPE regeneration genes. The screen involved injection of a ribonucleoprotein complex containing three highly mutagenic guide RNAs per target gene followed by PCR-based genotyping to identify large intragenic deletions and MATLAB-based automated quantification of RPE regeneration. Through this F0 screening pipeline, eight positive and seven negative regulators of RPE regeneration were identified. Further characterization of one candidate, cldn7b, revealed novel roles in regulating macrophage/microglia infiltration after RPE injury and in clearing RPE/pigment debris during late-phase RPE regeneration. Taken together, these data support the utility of targeted F0 screens for validating pro-regenerative factors and reveal novel factors that could regulate regenerative responses within the zebrafish RPE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Lu
- grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA ,grid.452708.c0000 0004 1803 0208Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011 Hunan China
| | - Lyndsay L. Leach
- grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA ,grid.89336.370000 0004 1936 9924Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA
| | - Jeffrey M. Gross
- grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA ,grid.89336.370000 0004 1936 9924Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA
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7
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Menezes dos Reis L, Berçot MR, Castelucci BG, Martins AJE, Castro G, Moraes-Vieira PM. Immunometabolic Signature during Respiratory Viral Infection: A Potential Target for Host-Directed Therapies. Viruses 2023; 15:v15020525. [PMID: 36851739 PMCID: PMC9965666 DOI: 10.3390/v15020525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
RNA viruses are known to induce a wide variety of respiratory tract illnesses, from simple colds to the latest coronavirus pandemic, causing effects on public health and the economy worldwide. Influenza virus (IV), parainfluenza virus (PIV), metapneumovirus (MPV), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), rhinovirus (RhV), and coronavirus (CoV) are some of the most notable RNA viruses. Despite efforts, due to the high mutation rate, there are still no effective and scalable treatments that accompany the rapid emergence of new diseases associated with respiratory RNA viruses. Host-directed therapies have been applied to combat RNA virus infections by interfering with host cell factors that enhance the ability of immune cells to respond against those pathogens. The reprogramming of immune cell metabolism has recently emerged as a central mechanism in orchestrated immunity against respiratory viruses. Therefore, understanding the metabolic signature of immune cells during virus infection may be a promising tool for developing host-directed therapies. In this review, we revisit recent findings on the immunometabolic modulation in response to infection and discuss how these metabolic pathways may be used as targets for new therapies to combat illnesses caused by respiratory RNA viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Menezes dos Reis
- Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-862, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Rodrigues Berçot
- Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-862, SP, Brazil
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-270, SP, Brazil
| | - Bianca Gazieri Castelucci
- Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-862, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Julia Estumano Martins
- Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-862, SP, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-970, SP, Brazil
| | - Gisele Castro
- Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-862, SP, Brazil
| | - Pedro M. Moraes-Vieira
- Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-862, SP, Brazil
- Experimental Medicine Research Cluster (EMRC), University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-872, SP, Brazil
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center (OCRC), University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-872, SP, Brazil
- Correspondence:
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8
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An in vitro alveolar model allows for the rapid assessment of chemical respiratory sensitization with modifiable biomarker endpoints. Chem Biol Interact 2022; 368:110232. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2022.110232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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9
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Single-Cell Transcriptome Analysis of Radiation Pneumonitis Mice. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11081457. [PMID: 35892659 PMCID: PMC9331247 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11081457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation-induced lung injury (RILI), especially radiation pneumonitis (RP), is a common clinical complication associated with thoracic radiotherapy for malignant tumors. However, the specific contributions of each cell subtype to this process are unknown. Here, we provide the single-cell pathology landscape of the RP in a mouse model by unbiased single-cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq). We found a decline of type 2 alveolar cells in the RP lung tissue, with an expansion of macrophages, especially the Fabp4low and Spp1high subgroup, while Fabp4high macrophages were almost depleted. We observed an elevated expression of multiple mitochondrial genes in the RP group, indicating a type 2 alveolar cell (AT2) response to oxidative stress. We also calculated the enrichment of a cGAS-STING signaling pathway, which may be involved in regulating inflammatory responses and cancer progression in AT2 cells of PR mice. We delineate markers and transcriptional states, identify a type 2 alveolar cell, and uncover fundamental determinants of lung fibrosis and inflammatory response in RP lung tissue of mice.
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10
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Tang J, Cai L, Xu C, Sun S, Liu Y, Rosenecker J, Guan S. Nanotechnologies in Delivery of DNA and mRNA Vaccines to the Nasal and Pulmonary Mucosa. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12020226. [PMID: 35055244 PMCID: PMC8777913 DOI: 10.3390/nano12020226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Recent advancements in the field of in vitro transcribed mRNA (IVT-mRNA) vaccination have attracted considerable attention to such vaccination as a cutting-edge technique against infectious diseases including COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2. While numerous pathogens infect the host through the respiratory mucosa, conventional parenterally administered vaccines are unable to induce protective immunity at mucosal surfaces. Mucosal immunization enables the induction of both mucosal and systemic immunity, efficiently removing pathogens from the mucosa before an infection occurs. Although respiratory mucosal vaccination is highly appealing, successful nasal or pulmonary delivery of nucleic acid-based vaccines is challenging because of several physical and biological barriers at the airway mucosal site, such as a variety of protective enzymes and mucociliary clearance, which remove exogenously inhaled substances. Hence, advanced nanotechnologies enabling delivery of DNA and IVT-mRNA to the nasal and pulmonary mucosa are urgently needed. Ideal nanocarriers for nucleic acid vaccines should be able to efficiently load and protect genetic payloads, overcome physical and biological barriers at the airway mucosal site, facilitate transfection in targeted epithelial or antigen-presenting cells, and incorporate adjuvants. In this review, we discuss recent developments in nucleic acid delivery systems that target airway mucosa for vaccination purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Tang
- Department of Pediatrics, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, 80337 Munich, Germany;
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia;
| | - Larry Cai
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia;
| | - Chuanfei Xu
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China; (C.X.); (S.S.); (Y.L.)
| | - Si Sun
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China; (C.X.); (S.S.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yuheng Liu
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China; (C.X.); (S.S.); (Y.L.)
| | - Joseph Rosenecker
- Department of Pediatrics, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, 80337 Munich, Germany;
- Correspondence: (J.R.); (S.G.); Tel.: +49-89-440057713 (J.R.); +86-23-68771645 (S.G.)
| | - Shan Guan
- Department of Pediatrics, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, 80337 Munich, Germany;
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China; (C.X.); (S.S.); (Y.L.)
- Correspondence: (J.R.); (S.G.); Tel.: +49-89-440057713 (J.R.); +86-23-68771645 (S.G.)
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11
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Macrophages and Epithelial Cells Mutually Interact through NLRP3 to Clear Infection and Enhance the Gastrointestinal Barrier. IMMUNO 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/immuno2010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of the nod-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) leads to the release of the proinflammatory cytokine IL-1β, which then facilitates pathogen control by macrophages. The role of NLRPs in controlling infection of epithelial cells is not well understood. Our hypothesis was that activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome in colonic epithelial cells would promote macrophage-mediated epithelial recovery after infection with the pathogen Citrobacter rodentium. We devised a co-culture model using mouse colonic epithelial cells (CMT-93) and macrophages (J774A.1) during infection with C. rodentium. Inflammasome was activated using LPS and ATP and inhibited by YVAD. We assessed cytokine secretion (ELISA), macrophage recruitment and pathogen penetration (immunofluorescence), and epithelial barrier integrity (transepithelial electrical resistance). Macrophages were recruited to the apical membrane of epithelial cells, associated with tight junctions, promoted epithelial barrier recovery, and displaced C. rodentium. While NLRP3 was expressed in infected epithelial cells, IL-18 or IL-1β secretion remained unchanged. Supernatants from infected epithelial cells promoted infection clearance by macrophage; while this was inflammasome-independent, ATP significantly improved epithelial barrier recovery. The inflammasome appears to promote epithelial barrier function, independent of IL-18 and IL-1β secretion. Inflammasome activation in macrophages plays a dual role of promoting pathogen clearance and improving epithelial barrier integrity.
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12
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Krajewski D, Paul D, Ge S, Jellison E, Pachter JS. Appearance of claudin-5 + leukocyte subtypes in the blood and CNS during progression of EAE. J Neuroinflammation 2021; 18:296. [PMID: 34933669 PMCID: PMC8691042 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-021-02328-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tight junctions (TJs) are membrane specializations characteristic of barrier-forming membranes, which function to seal the aqueous pathway between endothelial cells or epithelial cells and, thereby, obstruct intercellular solute and cellular movement. However, previous work from our laboratory found that claudin-5 (CLN-5), a TJ protein prominent at the blood–brain barrier (BBB), was also detected, ectopically, on leukocytes (CLN-5+) in the blood and central nervous system (CNS) of mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a neuroinflammatory, demyelinating disease that is a model for multiple sclerosis. CLN-5 was further shown to be transferred from endothelial cells to circulating leukocytes during disease, prompting consideration this action is coupled to leukocyte transendothelial migration (TEM) into the CNS by fostering transient interactions between corresponding leukocyte and endothelial junctional proteins at the BBB. Methods To begin clarifying the significance of CLN-5+ leukocytes, flow cytometry was used to determine their appearance in the blood and CNS during EAE. Results Flow cytometric analysis revealed CLN-5+ populations among CD4 and CD8 T cells, B cells, monocytes and neutrophils, and these appeared with varying kinetics and to different extents in both blood and CNS. CLN-5 levels on circulating T cells further correlated highly with activation state. And, the percentage of CLN-5+ cells among each of the subtypes analyzed was considerably higher in CNS tissue than in blood, consistent with the interpretation that CLN-5+ leukocytes gain preferred access to the CNS. Conclusion Several leukocyte subtypes variably acquire CLN-5 in blood before they enter the CNS, an event that may represent a novel mechanism to guide leukocytes to sites for paracellular diapedesis across the BBB. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12974-021-02328-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan Krajewski
- Blood-Brain Barrier Laboratory, UConn Health, 263 Farmington Ave., Farmington, CT, 06030, USA.,Department of Immunology, UConn Health, 263 Farmington Ave., Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Debayon Paul
- Blood-Brain Barrier Laboratory, UConn Health, 263 Farmington Ave., Farmington, CT, 06030, USA.,Department of Immunology, UConn Health, 263 Farmington Ave., Farmington, CT, 06030, USA.,PureTech Health, 6 Tide Street, Boston, MA, 02210, USA
| | - Shujun Ge
- Blood-Brain Barrier Laboratory, UConn Health, 263 Farmington Ave., Farmington, CT, 06030, USA.,Department of Immunology, UConn Health, 263 Farmington Ave., Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Evan Jellison
- Department of Immunology, UConn Health, 263 Farmington Ave., Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Joel S Pachter
- Blood-Brain Barrier Laboratory, UConn Health, 263 Farmington Ave., Farmington, CT, 06030, USA. .,Department of Immunology, UConn Health, 263 Farmington Ave., Farmington, CT, 06030, USA.
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13
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Dondulkar A, Akojwar N, Katta C, Khatri DK, Mehra NK, Singh SB, Madan J. Inhalable polymeric micro and nano-immunoadjuvants for developing therapeutic vaccines in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 28:395-409. [PMID: 34736378 DOI: 10.2174/1381612827666211104155604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a leading cause of death in millions of cancer patients. Lack of diagnosis at an early stage in addition to no specific guidelines for its treatment, and a higher rate of treatment-related toxicity further deteriorate the conditions. Current therapies encompass surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and immunotherapy according to the pattern and the stage of lung cancer. Among all, with a longlasting therapeutic action, reduced side-effects, and a higher rate of survival, therapeutic cancer vaccine is a new, improved strategy for treating NSCLC. Immunoadjuvants are usually incorporated into the therapeutic vaccines to shield the antigen against environmental and physiological harsh conditions in addition to boosting the immune potential. Conventional immunoadjuvants are often associated with an inadequate cellular response, poor target specificity, and low antigen load. Recently, inhalable polymeric nano/micro immunoadjuvants have exhibited immense potential in the development of therapeutic vaccines for the treatment of NSCLC with improved mucosal immunization. The development of polymeric micro/nano immunoadjuvants brought a new era for vaccines with increased strength and efficiency. Therefore, in the present review, we explained the potential application of micro/nano immunoadjuvants for augmenting the stability and efficacy of inhalable vaccines in the treatment of NSCLC. In addition, the role of biodegradable, biocompatible, and non-toxic polymers has also been discussed with case studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayusha Dondulkar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, Telangana. India
| | - Natasha Akojwar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, Telangana. India
| | - Chanti Katta
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, Telangana. India
| | - Dharmendra K Khatri
- Department of Pharmacology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, Telangana. India
| | - Neelesh K Mehra
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, Telangana. India
| | - Shashi B Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, Telangana. India
| | - Jitender Madan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, Telangana. India
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14
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Ghosh R, Causey K, Burkart K, Wozniak S, Cohen A, Brauer M. Ambient and household PM2.5 pollution and adverse perinatal outcomes: A meta-regression and analysis of attributable global burden for 204 countries and territories. PLoS Med 2021; 18:e1003718. [PMID: 34582444 PMCID: PMC8478226 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1003718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Particulate matter <2.5 micrometer (PM2.5) is associated with adverse perinatal outcomes, but the impact on disease burden mediated by this pathway has not previously been included in the Global Burden of Disease (GBD), Mortality, Injuries, and Risk Factors studies. We estimated the global burden of low birth weight (LBW) and preterm birth (PTB) and impacts on reduced birth weight and gestational age (GA), attributable to ambient and household PM2.5 pollution in 2019. METHODS AND FINDINGS We searched PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science for peer-reviewed articles in English. Study quality was assessed using 2 tools: (1) Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality checklist; and (2) National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) risk of bias questions. We conducted a meta-regression (MR) to quantify the risk of PM2.5 on birth weight and GA. The MR, based on a systematic review (SR) of articles published through April 4, 2021, and resulting uncertainty intervals (UIs) accounted for unexplained between-study heterogeneity. Separate nonlinear relationships relating exposure to risk were generated for each outcome and applied in the burden estimation. The MR included 44, 40, and 40 birth weight, LBW, and PTB studies, respectively. Majority of the studies were of retrospective cohort design and primarily from North America, Europe, and Australia. A few recent studies were from China, India, sub-Saharan Africa, and South America. Pooled estimates indicated 22 grams (95% UI: 12, 32) lower birth weight, 11% greater risk of LBW (1.11, 95% UI: 1.07, 1.16), and 12% greater risk of PTB (1.12, 95% UI: 1.06, 1.19), per 10 μg/m3 increment in ambient PM2.5. We estimated a global population-weighted mean lowering of 89 grams (95% UI: 88, 89) of birth weight and 3.4 weeks (95% UI: 3.4, 3.4) of GA in 2019, attributable to total PM2.5. Globally, an estimated 15.6% (95% UI: 15.6, 15.7) of all LBW and 35.7% (95% UI: 35.6, 35.9) of all PTB infants were attributable to total PM2.5, equivalent to 2,761,720 (95% UI: 2,746,713 to 2,776,722) and 5,870,103 (95% UI: 5,848,046 to 5,892,166) infants in 2019, respectively. About one-third of the total PM2.5 burden for LBW and PTB could be attributable to ambient exposure, with household air pollution (HAP) dominating in low-income countries. The findings should be viewed in light of some limitations such as heterogeneity between studies including size, exposure levels, exposure assessment method, and adjustment for confounding. Furthermore, studies did not separate the direct effect of PM2.5 on birth weight from that mediated through GA. As a consequence, the pooled risk estimates in the MR and likewise the global burden may have been underestimated. CONCLUSIONS Ambient and household PM2.5 were associated with reduced birth weight and GA, which are, in turn, associated with neonatal and infant mortality, particularly in low- and middle-income countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Ghosh
- Institute for Global Health Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Kate Causey
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Katrin Burkart
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Sara Wozniak
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Aaron Cohen
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Health Effects Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Michael Brauer
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- School of Population and Public Health, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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15
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Ogi K, Ramezanpour M, Liu S, Ferdoush Tuli J, Bennett C, Suzuki M, Fujieda S, Psaltis AJ, Wormald PJ, Vreugde S. Der p 1 Disrupts the Epithelial Barrier and Induces IL-6 Production in Patients With House Dust Mite Allergic Rhinitis. FRONTIERS IN ALLERGY 2021; 2:692049. [PMID: 35387029 PMCID: PMC8974687 DOI: 10.3389/falgy.2021.692049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background:Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus 1/2 (Der p 1/Der p 2) are regarded as important allergens of house dust mite (HDM). However, the effect of both products on the epithelial barrier and immune response of patients with and without HDM allergic rhinitis (AR) remains unclear. Methods: Air–liquid interface (ALI) cultured human nasal epithelial cells (HNECs) derived from control subjects (non-AR) (n = 9) and HDM-AR patients (n = 9) were treated with Der P 1 and Der P 2, followed by testing the transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER), paracellular permeability of fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-dextrans and immunofluorescence of claudin-1 and ZO-1. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) production was evaluated by ELISA. Results: Der p 1 reduced TEER significantly in a transient and dose-dependent manner in HNEC-ALI cultures from HDM-AR and non-AR patients, whilst the paracellular permeability was not affected. TEER was significantly reduced by Der p 1 at the 10-min time point in HDM-AR patients compared to non-AR patients (p = 0.0259). Compared to no-treatment control, in HNECs derived from HDM-AR patients, Der p 1 significantly cleaved claudin-1 after 30 min exposure (72.7 ± 9.5 % in non-AR group, 39.9 ± 7.1 % in HDM-AR group, p = 0.0286) and induced IL-6 secretion (p = 0.0271). Conclusions: Our results suggest that patients with HDM-AR are more sensitive to Der p 1 than non-AR patients with increased effects of Der p1 on the mucosal barrier and induction of inflammation, indicating an important role for Der p1 in sensitization and HDM-AR development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Ogi
- Department of Surgery–Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Central Adelaide Local Health Network, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Woodville South, SA, Australia
- Division of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Sensory and Locomotor Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Mahnaz Ramezanpour
- Department of Surgery–Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Central Adelaide Local Health Network, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Woodville South, SA, Australia
| | - Sha Liu
- Department of Surgery–Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Central Adelaide Local Health Network, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Woodville South, SA, Australia
| | - Jannatul Ferdoush Tuli
- Department of Surgery–Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Central Adelaide Local Health Network, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Woodville South, SA, Australia
| | - Catherine Bennett
- Department of Surgery–Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Central Adelaide Local Health Network, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Woodville South, SA, Australia
| | - Masanobu Suzuki
- Department of Surgery–Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Central Adelaide Local Health Network, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Woodville South, SA, Australia
| | - Shigeharu Fujieda
- Division of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Sensory and Locomotor Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Alkis James Psaltis
- Department of Surgery–Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Central Adelaide Local Health Network, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Woodville South, SA, Australia
| | - Peter-John Wormald
- Department of Surgery–Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Central Adelaide Local Health Network, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Woodville South, SA, Australia
| | - Sarah Vreugde
- Department of Surgery–Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Central Adelaide Local Health Network, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Woodville South, SA, Australia
- *Correspondence: Sarah Vreugde
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16
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Alizadeh-Tabrizi N, Hall S, Lehmann C. Intravital Imaging of Pulmonary Immune Response in Inflammation and Infection. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 8:620471. [PMID: 33520993 PMCID: PMC7843704 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.620471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Intravital microscopy (IVM) is a unique imaging method providing insights in cellular functions and interactions in real-time, without the need for tissue extraction from the body. IVM of the lungs has specific challenges such as restricted organ accessibility, respiratory movements, and limited penetration depth. Various surgical approaches and microscopic setups have been adapted in order to overcome these challenges. Among others, these include the development of suction stabilized lung windows and the use of more advanced optical techniques. Consequently, lung IVM has uncovered mechanisms of leukocyte recruitment and function in several models of pulmonary inflammation and infection. This review focuses on bacterial pneumonia, aspiration pneumonia, sepsis-induced acute lung Injury, and cystic fibrosis, as examples of lung inflammation and infection. In addition, critical details of intravital imaging techniques of the lungs are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stefan Hall
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Christian Lehmann
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.,Department of Anesthesia, Pain Management and Perioperative Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
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17
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Noh S, Kim H. In-air EIS sensor for in situ and real-time monitoring of in vitro epithelial cells under air-exposure. LAB ON A CHIP 2020; 20:1751-1761. [PMID: 32347229 DOI: 10.1039/c9lc01064e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports in-air monitoring of in vitro monolayer cells under air-exposure utilizing electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). In-air impedance measurement was performed by placing integrated electrodes laterally, instead of vertically, to a cell membrane, avoiding electrical disconnection, unlike conventional transepithelial-electrical-resistance (TEER). The in-air EIS sensor platform mainly consisted of two chambers, separated by a porous membrane where cells were cultured, that enabled cell exposure to both air (apical side) and liquid (basal side) for long-term measurement. On top of the membrane, EIS interdigitated electrodes were patterned and lung epithelial cells (A549 type II) were cultured with air exposure on one side. The fabricated in-air EIS sensor successfully demonstrated in situ real-time measurement of cell populations in confluency in the range of 7.8 × 104 and 9.6 × 105 cells per cm2 at a sensitivity of 3.0 × 10-2 Ω per cell in impedance and in the range of 1.0 × 104 and 9.6 × 105 cells per cm2 at a sensitivity of 0.17 × 10-15 F per cell in capacitance under AC frequencies of 100 kHz and 1 MHz, respectively. It also successfully monitored transient modulation of tight-junctions that collectively began to open in 30 minutes after the injection of 100 ng ml-1 TNF-α (a relaxation agent), reached maximum relaxation with a 12.6% increase in impedance value and a 12% decrease in capacitance in 60 minutes, and recovered back to its original junction status after 720 minutes, which confirmed the observation in animal models in the literature. Note that the opposite trends in impedance and capacitance allowed the in-air EIS sensor to distinguish cell population changes from tight junction modulation. It was concluded that the developed in-air EIS sensor in an in vitro platform can enable in situ and real-time monitoring of the population of the 'air-exposed' cells as well as the modulation of tight-junctions, which has not been demonstrated yet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungbeom Noh
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Utah, SMBB-3100, 50 S. Central Campus Drive, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
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18
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Hayashi Y, Suzuki H, Nakajima W, Uehara I, Tanimura A, Himeda T, Koike S, Katsuno T, Kitajiri SI, Koyanagi N, Kawaguchi Y, Onomoto K, Kato H, Yoneyama M, Fujita T, Tanaka N. Cochlear supporting cells function as macrophage-like cells and protect audiosensory receptor hair cells from pathogens. Sci Rep 2020; 10:6740. [PMID: 32317718 PMCID: PMC7174420 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-63654-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
To protect the audiosensory organ from tissue damage from the immune system, the inner ear is separated from the circulating immune system by the blood-labyrinth barrier, which was previously considered an immune-privileged site. Recent studies have shown that macrophages are distributed in the cochlea, especially in the spiral ligament, spiral ganglion, and stria vascularis; however, the direct pathogen defence mechanism used by audiosensory receptor hair cells (HCs) has remained obscure. Here, we show that HCs are protected from pathogens by surrounding accessory supporting cells (SCs) and greater epithelial ridge (GER or Kölliker’s organ) cells (GERCs). In isolated murine cochlear sensory epithelium, we established Theiler’s murine encephalomyelitis virus, which infected the SCs and GERCs, but very few HCs. The virus-infected SCs produced interferon (IFN)-α/β, and the viruses efficiently infected the HCs in the IFN-α/β receptor-null sensory epithelium. Interestingly, the virus-infected SCs and GERCs expressed macrophage marker proteins and were eliminated from the cell layer by cell detachment. Moreover, lipopolysaccharide induced phagocytosis of the SCs without cell detachment, and the SCs phagocytosed the bacteria. These results reveal that SCs function as macrophage-like cells, protect adjacent HCs from pathogens, and provide a novel anti-infection inner ear immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yushi Hayashi
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Advanced Medical Sciences, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidenori Suzuki
- Division of Morphological and Biomolecular Research, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Wataru Nakajima
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Advanced Medical Sciences, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ikuno Uehara
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Advanced Medical Sciences, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsuko Tanimura
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Advanced Medical Sciences, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiki Himeda
- Department of Microbiology, Kanazawa Medical University School of Medicine, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Satoshi Koike
- Neurovirology Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Katsuno
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichiro Kitajiri
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Naoto Koyanagi
- Division of Molecular Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasushi Kawaguchi
- Division of Molecular Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koji Onomoto
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Medical Mycology Research Center, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kato
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Mitsutoshi Yoneyama
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Medical Mycology Research Center, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takashi Fujita
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Tanaka
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Advanced Medical Sciences, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan.
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19
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Sugita K, Kabashima K. Tight junctions in the development of asthma, chronic rhinosinusitis, atopic dermatitis, eosinophilic esophagitis, and inflammatory bowel diseases. J Leukoc Biol 2020; 107:749-762. [PMID: 32108379 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.5mr0120-230r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This review focuses on recent developments related to asthma, chronic rhinosinusitis, atopic dermatitis (AD), eosinophilic esophagitis, and inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), with a particular focus on tight junctions (TJs) and their role in the pathogenetic mechanisms of these diseases. Lung, skin, and intestinal surfaces are lined by epithelial cells that interact with environmental factors and immune cells. Therefore, together with the cellular immune system, the epithelium performs a pivotal role as the first line physical barrier against external antigens. Paracellular space is almost exclusively sealed by TJs and is maintained by complex protein-protein interactions. Thus, TJ dysfunction increases paracellular permeability, resulting in enhanced flux across TJs. Epithelial TJ dysfunction also causes immune cell activation and contributes to the pathogenesis of chronic lung, skin, and intestinal inflammation. Characterization of TJ protein alteration is one of the key factors for enhancing our understanding of allergic diseases as well as IBDs. Furthermore, TJ-based epithelial disturbance can promote immune cell behaviors, such as those in dendritic cells, Th2 cells, Th17 cells, and innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), thereby offering new insights into TJ-based targets. The purpose of this review is to illustrate how TJ dysfunction can lead to the disruption of the immune homeostasis in barrier tissues and subsequent inflammation. This review also highlights the various TJ barrier dysfunctions across different organ sites, which would help to develop future drugs to target allergic diseases and IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazunari Sugita
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine of Sensory and Motor Organs, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago, Japan
| | - Kenji Kabashima
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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20
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Kloc M, Uosef A, Elshawwaf M, Abdelshafy AAA, Elsaid KMK, Kubiak JZ, Ghobrial RM. The Macrophages and Intestinal Symbiosis. Results Probl Cell Differ 2020; 69:605-616. [PMID: 33263889 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-51849-3_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The human intestinal tract is inhabited by trillions of microorganisms and houses the largest pool of macrophages in the human body. Being a part of the innate immune system, the macrophages, the professional phagocytes, vigorously respond to the microbial and dietary antigens present in the intestine. Because such a robust immune response poses the danger to the survival of the non-harmful and beneficial gut microbiota, the macrophages developed mechanisms of recognition and hyposensitivity toward the non-harmful/beneficial inhabitants of the gut. We will discuss the evolution and identity of some of these mechanisms in the following chapter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malgorzata Kloc
- The Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA. .,Department of Surgery, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA. .,Department of Genetics, The University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Ahmed Uosef
- The Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Surgery, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mahmoud Elshawwaf
- The Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Surgery, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ahmed Adel Abbas Abdelshafy
- The Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Surgery, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Ain-Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Kamal Mamdoh Kamal Elsaid
- The Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Surgery, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Ain-Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Jacek Z Kubiak
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology (WIHE), Warszawa, Poland.,Faculty of Medicine, Cell Cycle Group, Institute of Genetics and Development of Rennes, (IGDR) UnivRennes, CNRS, UMR 6290, Rennes, France
| | - Rafik Mark Ghobrial
- The Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Surgery, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
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21
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Karra N, Swindle E, Morgan H. Drug delivery for traditional and emerging airway models. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ooc.2020.100002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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22
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Mucosal Vaccination via the Respiratory Tract. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:pharmaceutics11080375. [PMID: 31374959 PMCID: PMC6723941 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11080375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccine delivery via mucosal surfaces is an interesting alternative to parenteral vaccine administration, as it avoids the use of a needle and syringe. Mucosal vaccine administration also targets the mucosal immune system, which is the largest lymphoid tissue in the human body. The mucosal immune response involves systemic, antigen-specific humoral and cellular immune response in addition to a local response which is characterised by a predominantly cytotoxic T cell response in combination with secreted IgA. This antibody facilitates pathogen recognition and deletion prior to entrance into the body. Hence, administration via the respiratory mucosa can be favoured for all pathogens which use the respiratory tract as entry to the body, such as influenza and for all diseases directly affecting the respiratory tract such as pneumonia. Additionally, the different mucosal tissues of the human body are interconnected via the so-called “common mucosal immune system”, which allows induction of an antigen-specific immune response in distant mucosal sites. Finally, mucosal administration is also interesting in the area of therapeutic vaccination, in which a predominant cellular immune response is required, as this can efficiently be induced by this route of delivery. The review gives an introduction to respiratory vaccination, formulation approaches and application strategies.
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Abstract
Cancer-initiating cells (CIC) are the driving force in tumor progression. There is strong evidence that CIC fulfill this task via exosomes (TEX), which modulate and reprogram stroma, nontransformed cells, and non-CIC. Characterization of CIC, besides others, builds on expression of CIC markers, many of which are known as metastasis-associated molecules. We here discuss that the linkage between CIC/CIC-TEX and metastasis-associated molecules is not fortuitously, but relies on the contribution of these markers to TEX biogenesis including loading and TEX target interactions. In addition, CIC markers contribute to TEX binding- and uptake-promoted activation of signaling cascades, transcription initiation, and translational control. Our point of view will be outlined for pancreas and colon CIC highly expressing CD44v6, Tspan8, EPCAM, claudin7, and LGR5, which distinctly but coordinately contribute to tumor progression. Despite overwhelming progress in unraveling the metastatic cascade and the multiple tasks taken over by CIC-TEX, there remains a considerable gap in linking CIC biomarkers, TEX, and TEX-initiated target modulation with metastasis. We will try to outline possible bridges, which could allow depicting pathways for new and expectedly powerful therapeutic interference with tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Wang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Margot Zöller
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China.
- Pancreas Section, University Hospital of Surgery, Heidelberg, Germany.
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24
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Rahmatpanah F, Agrawal S, Jaiswal N, Nguyen HM, McClelland M, Agrawal A. Airway epithelial cells prime plasmacytoid dendritic cells to respond to pathogens via secretion of growth factors. Mucosal Immunol 2019; 12:77-84. [PMID: 30279511 PMCID: PMC6301110 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-018-0097-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (PDCs) are critical for defense against respiratory viruses because of their propensity to secrete high levels of type I interferons (IFN). The functions of PDCs in the lung can be influenced by airway epithelial cells. We examined the effect of human primary bronchial epithelial cells (PBECs) on PDC functions by performing RNA-sequencing of PDCs after co-culture with air liquid interface differentiated PBECs. Functional analysis revealed that PDCs co-cultured with PBECs displayed upregulation of type I IFN production and response genes. Upregulated transcripts included those encoding cytosolic sensors of DNA, ZBP-1,IRF-3, and NFkB as well as genes involved in amplification of the IFN response, such as IFNAR1, JAK/STAT, ISG15. In keeping with the RNA-seq data, we observe increased secretion of type I IFN and other cytokines in response to influenza in PDCs co-cultured with PBECs. The PDCs also primed Th1 responses in T cells. The enhanced response of PDCs co-cultured with PBECs was due to the action of growth factors, GMCSF, GCSF, and VEGF, which were secreted by PBECs on differentiation. These data highlight possible mechanisms to enhance the production of type-I IFN in the airways, which is critical for host defense against respiratory infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farah Rahmatpanah
- 0000 0001 0668 7243grid.266093.8Department of pathology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
| | - Sudhanshu Agrawal
- 0000 0001 0668 7243grid.266093.8Division of Basic and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
| | - Natasha Jaiswal
- 0000 0001 0668 7243grid.266093.8Division of Basic and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
| | - Hannah M. Nguyen
- 0000 0001 0668 7243grid.266093.8Division of Basic and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
| | - Michael McClelland
- 0000 0001 0668 7243grid.266093.8Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
| | - Anshu Agrawal
- 0000 0001 0668 7243grid.266093.8Division of Basic and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
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25
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Tenenbaum-Katan J, Artzy-Schnirman A, Fishler R, Korin N, Sznitman J. Biomimetics of the pulmonary environment in vitro: A microfluidics perspective. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2018; 12:042209. [PMID: 29887933 PMCID: PMC5973897 DOI: 10.1063/1.5023034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The entire luminal surface of the lungs is populated with a complex yet confluent, uninterrupted airway epithelium in conjunction with an extracellular liquid lining layer that creates the air-liquid interface (ALI), a critical feature of healthy lungs. Motivated by lung disease modelling, cytotoxicity studies, and drug delivery assessments amongst other, in vitro setups have been traditionally conducted using macroscopic cultures of isolated airway cells under submerged conditions or instead using transwell inserts with permeable membranes to model the ALI architecture. Yet, such strategies continue to fall short of delivering a sufficiently realistic physiological in vitro airway environment that cohesively integrates at true-scale three essential pillars: morphological constraints (i.e., airway anatomy), physiological conditions (e.g., respiratory airflows), and biological functionality (e.g., cellular makeup). With the advent of microfluidic lung-on-chips, there have been tremendous efforts towards designing biomimetic airway models of the epithelial barrier, including the ALI, and leveraging such in vitro scaffolds as a gateway for pulmonary disease modelling and drug screening assays. Here, we review in vitro platforms mimicking the pulmonary environment and identify ongoing challenges in reconstituting accurate biological airway barriers that still widely prevent microfluidic systems from delivering mainstream assays for the end-user, as compared to macroscale in vitro cell cultures. We further discuss existing hurdles in scaling up current lung-on-chip designs, from single airway models to more physiologically realistic airway environments that are anticipated to deliver increasingly meaningful whole-organ functions, with an outlook on translational and precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janna Tenenbaum-Katan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technion–Israel Institute of Technology, 32000 Haifa, Israel
| | - Arbel Artzy-Schnirman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technion–Israel Institute of Technology, 32000 Haifa, Israel
| | - Rami Fishler
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technion–Israel Institute of Technology, 32000 Haifa, Israel
| | - Netanel Korin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technion–Israel Institute of Technology, 32000 Haifa, Israel
| | - Josué Sznitman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technion–Israel Institute of Technology, 32000 Haifa, Israel
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26
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Septiadi D, Bourquin J, Durantie E, Petri-Fink A, Rothen-Rutishauser B. A novel sample holder for 4D live cell imaging to study cellular dynamics in complex 3D tissue cultures. Sci Rep 2018; 8:9861. [PMID: 29959370 PMCID: PMC6026119 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-28206-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Three dimensional (3D) co-cultures to mimic cellular dynamics have brought significant impacts in tissue engineering approaches for biomedical research. Herein, we present a novel sample holder combined with time-lapse fluorescence imaging technique, referred as 4D live cell imaging, allowing direct visualization of various cells up to 24 hours. We further extended our approach to monitor kinetics and dynamics of particle uptake by cells and translocation across tissue membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Septiadi
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700, Fribourg, Switzerland.
| | - J Bourquin
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - E Durantie
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - A Petri-Fink
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700, Fribourg, Switzerland.,Department of Chemistry, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 9, 1700, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - B Rothen-Rutishauser
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700, Fribourg, Switzerland.
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27
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28
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Loxham M, Davies DE. Phenotypic and genetic aspects of epithelial barrier function in asthmatic patients. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2017; 139:1736-1751. [PMID: 28583446 PMCID: PMC5457128 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2017.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Revised: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The bronchial epithelium is continuously exposed to a multitude of noxious challenges in inhaled air. Cellular contact with most damaging agents is reduced by the action of the mucociliary apparatus and by formation of a physical barrier that controls passage of ions and macromolecules. In conjunction with these defensive barrier functions, immunomodulatory cross-talk between the bronchial epithelium and tissue-resident immune cells controls the tissue microenvironment and barrier homeostasis. This is achieved by expression of an array of sensors that detect a wide variety of viral, bacterial, and nonmicrobial (toxins and irritants) agents, resulting in production of many different soluble and cell-surface molecules that signal to cells of the immune system. The ability of the bronchial epithelium to control the balance of inhibitory and activating signals is essential for orchestrating appropriate inflammatory and immune responses and for temporally modulating these responses to limit tissue injury and control the resolution of inflammation during tissue repair. In asthmatic patients abnormalities in many aspects of epithelial barrier function have been identified. We postulate that such abnormalities play a causal role in immune dysregulation in the airways by translating gene-environment interactions that underpin disease pathogenesis and exacerbation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Loxham
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences and the Southampton NIHR Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Sir Henry Wellcome Laboratories, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Donna E Davies
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences and the Southampton NIHR Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Sir Henry Wellcome Laboratories, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom.
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29
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Agrawal A. Dendritic Cell-Airway Epithelial Cell Cross-Talk Changes with Age and Contributes to Chronic Lung Inflammatory Diseases in the Elderly. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18061206. [PMID: 28587289 PMCID: PMC5486029 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18061206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Revised: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-associated dysregulated immune and inflammatory responses are one of the major factors responsible for the prevalence of chronic respiratory diseases in the older population. Pulmonary dendritic cells (DCs) are present below the airway epithelial cells (AECs) and are critical in initiating effective immune responses to harmful pathogens while maintaining tolerance against harmless antigens. The interaction between DCs and AECs plays a crucial role in lung immunity at homeostasis and during infections. The functions of both DCs and AECs are impacted with age. The present report reviews how the potential crosstalk between pulmonary DCs and AECs is dysregulated in the elderly impairing the capacity to maintain tolerance at the respiratory surfaces, which results in severe and chronic respiratory inflammatory diseases. We also discuss how such DC-AECs crosstalk will provide insight into the mechanisms underlying the increased susceptibility of the elderly to pulmonary inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anshu Agrawal
- Division of Basic and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
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30
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Agrawal S, Srivastava R, Rahmatpanah F, Madiraju C, BenMohamed L, Agrawal A. Airway epithelial cells enhance the immunogenicity of human myeloid dendritic cells under steady state. Clin Exp Immunol 2017; 189:279-289. [PMID: 28470729 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) and airway epithelial cells (AECs) are in close proximity, and AECs secrete factors such as retinoic acid which induce tolerance in DCs at homeostasis. However, the question remains as to how DCs in the lung are able to respond to pathogens in the immunosuppressive environment. Using an in vitro human myeloid DC (mDC)-AEC co-culture system, we demonstrate that AECs induced several gene changes in the mDCs cultured with AECs compared to the mDCs not cultured with AECs. Analysis revealed that several chemokine genes were altered. These chemokine genes could serve to attract neutrophils, natural killer (NK) T as well as T helper type 1 (Th1)/Th2 cells to the airways. Genes priming lipid and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II antigen presentation were also up-regulated, along with certain anti-microbial protein genes. In addition, the expression and function of pathogen-sensing Toll-like receptors (TLRs) as well as Nod-like receptors (NLRs) and their downstream signalling molecules were up-regulated in mDCs cultured with AECs. Moreover, murine mucosal DCs from the lung expressed significantly higher levels of TLRs and NLRs compared to peripheral DCs from the spleen. These results indicate that AECs prime mDCs to enhance their immunogenicity, which could be one of the mechanisms that compensates for the immunosuppressive mucosal environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Agrawal
- Division of Basic and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - R Srivastava
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - F Rahmatpanah
- Department of pathology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - C Madiraju
- Division of Basic and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - L BenMohamed
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - A Agrawal
- Division of Basic and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Irvine, CA, USA
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31
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Zyuzin MV, Díez P, Goldsmith M, Carregal-Romero S, Teodosio C, Rejman J, Feliu N, Escudero A, Almendral MJ, Linne U, Peer D, Fuentes M, Parak WJ. Comprehensive and Systematic Analysis of the Immunocompatibility of Polyelectrolyte Capsules. Bioconjug Chem 2017; 28:556-564. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.6b00657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Meir Goldsmith
- Laboratory
of PrecisonNanoMedicine, Department of Cell Research and Immunology,
George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Department of Materials Science
and Engineering, The Iby and Aladar Fleischman Faculty of Engineering,
Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | | | | | | | | | - Alberto Escudero
- Instituto
de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla, CSIC − Universidad de Sevilla, C. Américo Vespucio 49, E-41092, Seville, Spain
| | - María Jesús Almendral
- Department
of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Salamanca, 37008 Salamanca, Spain
| | | | - Dan Peer
- Laboratory
of PrecisonNanoMedicine, Department of Cell Research and Immunology,
George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Department of Materials Science
and Engineering, The Iby and Aladar Fleischman Faculty of Engineering,
Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | | | - Wolfgang J. Parak
- CIC biomaGUNE, Paseo de Miramón
182, 20014 Donostia
− San Sebastián, Spain
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32
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Salvo Romero E, Alonso Cotoner C, Pardo Camacho C, Casado Bedmar M, Vicario M. The intestinal barrier function and its involvement in digestive disease. REVISTA ESPANOLA DE ENFERMEDADES DIGESTIVAS 2017; 107:686-96. [PMID: 26541659 DOI: 10.17235/reed.2015.3846/2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The gastrointestinal mucosal surface is lined with epithelial cells representing an effective barrier made up with intercellular junctions that separate the inner and the outer environments, and block the passage of potentially harmful substances. However, epithelial cells are also responsible for the absorption of nutrients and electrolytes, hence a semipermeable barrier is required that selectively allows a number of substances in while keeping others out. To this end, the intestine developed the "intestinal barrier function", a defensive system involving various elements, both intra- and extracellular, that work in a coordinated way to impede the passage of antigens, toxins, and microbial byproducts, and simultaneously preserves the correct development of the epithelial barrier, the immune system, and the acquisition of tolerance against dietary antigens and the intestinal microbiota. Disturbances in the mechanisms of the barrier function favor the development of exaggerated immune responses; while exact implications remain unknown, changes in intestinal barrier function have been associated with the development of inflammatory conditions in the gastrointestinal tract. This review details de various elements of the intestinal barrier function, and the key molecular and cellular changes described for gastrointestinal diseases associated with dysfunction in this defensive mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - María Vicario
- Gastroenteroogia, Vall d'Hebron Institut de REcerca, España
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33
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Blank F, Fytianos K, Seydoux E, Rodriguez-Lorenzo L, Petri-Fink A, von Garnier C, Rothen-Rutishauser B. Interaction of biomedical nanoparticles with the pulmonary immune system. J Nanobiotechnology 2017; 15:6. [PMID: 28069025 PMCID: PMC5223535 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-016-0242-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Engineered nanoparticles (NPs) offer site-specific delivery, deposition and cellular uptake due to their unique physicochemical properties and were shown to modulate immune responses. The respiratory tract with its vast surface area is an attractive target organ for innovative immunomodulatory therapeutic applications by pulmonary administration of such NPs, enabling interactions with resident antigen-presenting cells (APCs), such as dendritic cells and macrophages. Depending on the respiratory tract compartment, e.g. conducting airways, lung parenchyma, or lung draining lymph nodes, APCs extensively vary in their number, morphology, phenotype, and function. Unique characteristics and plasticity render APC populations ideal targets for inhaled specific immunomodulators. Modulation of immune responses may operate in different steps of the immune cell-antigen interaction, i.e. antigen uptake, trafficking, processing, and presentation to T cells. Meticulous analysis of the immunomodulatory potential, as well as pharmacologic and biocompatibility testing of inhalable NPs is required to develop novel strategies for the treatment of respiratory disorders such as allergic asthma. The safe-by-design and characterization of such NPs requires well coordinated interdisciplinary research uniting engineers, chemists biologists and respiratory physicians. In this review we will focus on in vivo data available to facilitate the design of nanocarrier-based strategies using NPs to modulate pulmonary immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Blank
- Respiratory Medicine, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Murtenstrasse 50, 3008, Bern, Switzerland.
| | | | - Emilie Seydoux
- Respiratory Medicine, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Murtenstrasse 50, 3008, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Alke Petri-Fink
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland.,Chemistry Department, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Christophe von Garnier
- Respiratory Medicine, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Murtenstrasse 50, 3008, Bern, Switzerland
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Paul D, Baena V, Ge S, Jiang X, Jellison ER, Kiprono T, Agalliu D, Pachter JS. Appearance of claudin-5 + leukocytes in the central nervous system during neuroinflammation: a novel role for endothelial-derived extracellular vesicles. J Neuroinflammation 2016; 13:292. [PMID: 27852330 PMCID: PMC5112695 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-016-0755-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mechanism of leukocyte transendothelial migration (TEM) across the highly restrictive blood-brain barrier (BBB) remains enigmatic, with paracellular TEM thought to require leukocytes to somehow navigate the obstructive endothelial tight junctions (TJs). Transient interactions between TJ proteins on the respective leukocyte and endothelial surfaces have been proposed as one mechanism for TEM. Given the expanding role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in intercellular communication, we investigated whether EVs derived from brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMEC) of the BBB may play a role in transferring a major TJ protein, claudin-5 (CLN-5), to leukocytes as a possible basis for such a mechanism during neuroinflammation. METHODS High-resolution 3D confocal imaging was used to highlight CLN-5 immunoreactivity in the central nervous system (CNS) and on leukocytes of mice with the neuroinflammatory condition experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Both Western blotting of circulating leukocytes from wild-type mice and fluorescence imaging of leukocyte-associated eGFP-CLN-5 in the blood and CNS of endothelial-targeted, Tie-2-eGFP-CLN-5 transgenic mice were used to confirm the presence of CLN-5 protein on these cells. EVs were isolated from TNF-α-stimulated BMEC cultures and blood plasma of Tie-2-eGFP-CLN-5 mice with EAE and evaluated for CLN-5 protein by Western blotting and fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS), respectively. Confocal imaging and FACS were used to detect binding of endothelial-derived EVs from these two sources to leukocytes in vitro. Serial electron microscopy (serial EM) and 3D contour-based surface reconstruction were employed to view EV-like structures at the leukocyte:BBB interface in situ in inflamed CNS microvessels. RESULTS A subpopulation of leukocytes immunoreactive for CLN-5 on their surface was seen to infiltrate the CNS of mice with EAE and reside in close apposition to inflamed vessels. Confocal imaging of immunostained samples and Western blotting established the presence of CLN-5+ leukocytes in blood as well, implying these cells are present prior to TEM. Moreover, imaging of inflamed CNS vessels and the associated perivascular cell infiltrates from Tie-2-eGFP-CLN-5 mice with EAE revealed leukocytes bearing the eGFP label, further supporting the hypothesis CLN-5 is transferred from endothelial cells to circulating leukocytes in vivo. Western blotting of BMEC-derived EVs, corresponding in size to both exosomes and microvesicles, and FACS analysis of plasma-derived EVs from Tie-2-eGFP-CLN-5 mice with EAE validated expression of CLN-5 by EVs of endothelial origin. Confocal imaging and FACS further revealed both PKH-67-labeled EVs from cultured BMECs and eGFP-CLN-5+ EVs from plasma of Tie-2-eGFP-CLN-5 mice with EAE can bind to leukocytes. Lastly, serial EM and 3D contour-based surface reconstruction revealed a close association of EV-like structures between the marginating leukocytes and BMECs in situ during EAE. CONCLUSIONS During neuroinflammation, CLN-5+ leukocytes appear in the CNS, and both CLN-5+ leukocytes and CLN-5+ EVs are detected in the blood. As endothelial cells transfer CLN-5+ to leukocytes in vivo, and EVs released from BMEC bind to leukocytes in vitro, EVs may serve as the vehicles to transfer CLN-5 protein at sites of leukocyte:endothelial contact along the BBB. This action may be a prelude to facilitate TEM through the formation of temporary TJ protein bridges between these two cell types.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cells, Cultured
- Central Nervous System/diagnostic imaging
- Central Nervous System/pathology
- Cytokines/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/blood
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/immunology
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/pathology
- Endothelial Cells/pathology
- Endothelial Cells/ultrastructure
- Endothelium, Vascular/metabolism
- Endothelium, Vascular/ultrastructure
- Extracellular Vesicles/metabolism
- Extracellular Vesicles/ultrastructure
- Female
- Leukocytes/metabolism
- Lysosomal Membrane Proteins
- Membrane Glycoproteins/genetics
- Membrane Glycoproteins/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Transgenic
- Myelin-Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein/immunology
- Myelin-Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein/toxicity
- Peptide Fragments/immunology
- Peptide Fragments/toxicity
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Affiliation(s)
- Debayon Paul
- Blood-Brain Barrier Laboratory, University of Connecticut Health Center, 263 Farmington Ave., Farmington, CT 06070 USA
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, 263 Farmington Ave., Farmington, CT 06070 USA
| | - Valentina Baena
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, 263 Farmington Ave., Farmington, CT 06070 USA
| | - Shujun Ge
- Blood-Brain Barrier Laboratory, University of Connecticut Health Center, 263 Farmington Ave., Farmington, CT 06070 USA
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, 263 Farmington Ave., Farmington, CT 06070 USA
| | - Xi Jiang
- Blood-Brain Barrier Laboratory, University of Connecticut Health Center, 263 Farmington Ave., Farmington, CT 06070 USA
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, 263 Farmington Ave., Farmington, CT 06070 USA
| | - Evan R. Jellison
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut Health Center, 263 Farmington Ave., Farmington, CT 06070 USA
| | - Timothy Kiprono
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut Health Center, 263 Farmington Ave., Farmington, CT 06070 USA
| | - Dritan Agalliu
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University School of Medicine, 630 W 168th St, New York, NY 10032 USA
| | - Joel S. Pachter
- Blood-Brain Barrier Laboratory, University of Connecticut Health Center, 263 Farmington Ave., Farmington, CT 06070 USA
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, 263 Farmington Ave., Farmington, CT 06070 USA
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35
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Dendritic cell and epithelial cell interactions at the origin of murine asthma. Ann Am Thorac Soc 2015; 11 Suppl 5:S236-43. [PMID: 25525726 DOI: 10.1513/annalsats.201405-218aw] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are ideally placed in the airways and lungs to capture inhaled allergens. Different subsets of DCs perform different tasks. Migratory conventional DCs (cDCs) expressing CD11b mediate Th2 priming to respiratory allergens, whereas cDCs expressing CD103 mediate tolerance to them. Monocyte-derived DCs are poorly migratory antigen-presenting cells that mainly produce proinflammatory chemokines and are necessary for maintaining allergic airway inflammation once initiated. The function of the airway DC network is closely controlled by cytokines released from airway epithelial cells. Airway epithelial cells react to pathogen-associated molecular patterns and damage-associated molecular patterns released on allergen inhalation by producing pro-Th2 polarizing cytokines and chemokines that attract and activate DCs. This conceptual framework of epithelial and DC collaboration is very helpful in explaining the process of allergic sensitization and how this is influenced by genetics and environment.
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36
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Abstract
The bronchial epithelium is constantly exposed to a wide range of environmental materials present in inhaled air, including noxious gases and anthropogenic and natural particulates, such as gas and particles from car emissions, tobacco smoke, pollens, animal dander, and pathogens. As a fully differentiated, pseudostratified mucociliary epithelium, the bronchial epithelium protects the internal milieu of the lung from these agents by forming a physical barrier involving adhesive complexes and a chemical barrier involving secretion of mucus, which traps inhaled particles that can be cleared by the mucociliary escalator. It is a testament to the effectiveness of these two barriers that most environmental challenges are largely overcome without the need to develop an inflammatory response. However, as the initial cell of contact with the environment, the bronchial epithelium also plays a pivotal role in immune surveillance and appropriate activation of immune effector cells and antigen presenting cells in the presence of pathogens or other danger signals. Thus, the bronchial epithelium plays a central role in controlling tissue homeostasis and innate immunity. This review will discuss these barrier properties and how dysregulation of these homeostatic mechanisms can contribute to disease pathologies such as asthma.
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Kuhn DA, Hartmann R, Fytianos K, Petri-Fink A, Rothen-Rutishauser B, Parak WJ. Cellular uptake and cell-to-cell transfer of polyelectrolyte microcapsules within a triple co-culture system representing parts of the respiratory tract. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF ADVANCED MATERIALS 2015; 16:034608. [PMID: 27877795 PMCID: PMC5099832 DOI: 10.1088/1468-6996/16/3/034608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Revised: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Polyelectrolyte multilayer microcapsules around 3.4 micrometers in diameter were added to epithelial cells, monocyte-derived macrophages, and dendritic cells in vitro and their uptake kinetics were quantified. All three cell types were combined in a triple co-culture model, mimicking the human epithelial alveolar barrier. Hereby, macrophages were separated in a three-dimensional model from dendritic cells by a monolayer of epithelial cells. While passing of small nanoparticles has been demonstrated from macrophages to dendritic cells across the epithelial barrier in previous studies, for the micrometer-sized capsules, this process could not be observed in a significant amount. Thus, this barrier is a limiting factor for cell-to-cell transfer of micrometer-sized particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dagmar A Kuhn
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, Université de Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Raimo Hartmann
- Department of Physics, Philipps Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | | | - Alke Petri-Fink
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, Université de Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | | | - Wolfgang J Parak
- Department of Physics, Philipps Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- CIC Biomagune, San Sebastian, Spain
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Hittinger M, Juntke J, Kletting S, Schneider-Daum N, de Souza Carvalho C, Lehr CM. Preclinical safety and efficacy models for pulmonary drug delivery of antimicrobials with focus on in vitro models. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2015; 85:44-56. [PMID: 25453270 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2014.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Revised: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
New pharmaceutical formulations must be proven as safe and effective before entering clinical trials. Also in the context of pulmonary drug delivery, preclinical models allow testing of novel antimicrobials, reducing risks and costs during their development. Such models allow reducing the complexity of the human lung, but still need to reflect relevant (patho-) physiological features. This review focuses on preclinical pulmonary models, mainly in vitro models, to assess drug safety and efficacy of antimicrobials. Furthermore, approaches to investigate common infectious diseases of the respiratory tract, are emphasized. Pneumonia, tuberculosis and infections occurring due to cystic fibrosis are in focus of this review. We conclude that especially in vitro models offer the chance of an efficient and detailed analysis of new antimicrobials, but also draw attention to the advantages and limitations of such currently available models and critically discuss the necessary steps for their future development.
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Theodorou IG, Ryan MP, Tetley TD, Porter AE. Inhalation of silver nanomaterials--seeing the risks. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:23936-74. [PMID: 25535082 PMCID: PMC4284799 DOI: 10.3390/ijms151223936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Revised: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Demand for silver engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) is increasing rapidly in optoelectronic and in health and medical applications due to their antibacterial, thermal, electrical conductive, and other properties. The continued commercial up-scaling of ENM production and application needs to be accompanied by an understanding of the occupational health, public safety and environmental implications of these materials. There have been numerous in vitro studies and some in vivo studies of ENM toxicity but their results are frequently inconclusive. Some of the variability between studies has arisen due to a lack of consistency between experimental models, since small differences between test materials can markedly alter their behaviour. In addition, the propensity for the physicochemistry of silver ENMs to alter, sometimes quite radically, depending on the environment they encounter, can profoundly alter their bioreactivity. Consequently, it is important to accurately characterise the materials before use, at the point of exposure and at the nanomaterial-tissue, or "nanobio", interface, to be able to appreciate their environmental impact. This paper reviews current literature on the pulmonary effects of silver nanomaterials. We focus our review on describing whether, and by which mechanisms, the chemistry and structure of these materials can be linked to their bioreactivity in the respiratory system. In particular, the mechanisms by which the physicochemical properties (e.g., aggregation state, morphology and chemistry) of silver nanomaterials change in various biological milieu (i.e., relevant proteins, lipids and other molecules, and biofluids, such as lung surfactant) and affect subsequent interactions with and within cells will be discussed, in the context not only of what is measured but also of what can be visualized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis G Theodorou
- Department of Materials and London Centre for Nanotechnology, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK.
| | - Mary P Ryan
- Department of Materials and London Centre for Nanotechnology, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK.
| | - Teresa D Tetley
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Cale Street, London SW3 6LY, UK.
| | - Alexandra E Porter
- Department of Materials and London Centre for Nanotechnology, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK.
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Nazarenus M, Zhang Q, Soliman MG, del Pino P, Pelaz B, Carregal-Romero S, Rejman J, Rothen-Rutishauser B, Clift MJD, Zellner R, Nienhaus GU, Delehanty JB, Medintz IL, Parak WJ. In vitro interaction of colloidal nanoparticles with mammalian cells: What have we learned thus far? BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2014; 5:1477-90. [PMID: 25247131 PMCID: PMC4168913 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.5.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2014] [Accepted: 08/12/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The interfacing of colloidal nanoparticles with mammalian cells is now well into its second decade. In this review our goal is to highlight the more generally accepted concepts that we have gleaned from nearly twenty years of research. While details of these complex interactions strongly depend, amongst others, upon the specific properties of the nanoparticles used, the cell type, and their environmental conditions, a number of fundamental principles exist, which are outlined in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Nazarenus
- Fachbereich Physik, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Renthof 7, 35037 Marburg, Germany
| | - Qian Zhang
- Fachbereich Physik, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Renthof 7, 35037 Marburg, Germany
| | - Mahmoud G Soliman
- Fachbereich Physik, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Renthof 7, 35037 Marburg, Germany
| | - Pablo del Pino
- CIC Biomagune, Paseo Miramón 182, 20009 San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Beatriz Pelaz
- Fachbereich Physik, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Renthof 7, 35037 Marburg, Germany
| | | | - Joanna Rejman
- Fachbereich Physik, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Renthof 7, 35037 Marburg, Germany
| | - Barbara Rothen-Rutishauser
- BioNanomaterials, Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Route de L’ancienne Papeterie CP 209, Marly 1, 1723, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Martin J D Clift
- BioNanomaterials, Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Route de L’ancienne Papeterie CP 209, Marly 1, 1723, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Reinhard Zellner
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 5, 45141 Essen, Germany
| | - G Ulrich Nienhaus
- Institute of Applied Physics and Institute of Toxicology and Genetics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Wolfgang-Gaede-Straße 1, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1110 West Green Street, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - James B Delehanty
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science & Engineering, Code 6900, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, 4555 Overlook Avenue Southwest, Washington D.C., 20375, USA
| | - Igor L Medintz
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science & Engineering, Code 6900, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, 4555 Overlook Avenue Southwest, Washington D.C., 20375, USA
| | - Wolfgang J Parak
- Fachbereich Physik, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Renthof 7, 35037 Marburg, Germany
- CIC Biomagune, Paseo Miramón 182, 20009 San Sebastian, Spain
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Carrier interactions with the biological barriers of the lung: advanced in vitro models and challenges for pulmonary drug delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2014; 75:129-40. [PMID: 24880145 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2014.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2014] [Revised: 05/15/2014] [Accepted: 05/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In recent years significant progress has been made to improve particle deposition in the lung. However, the development of strategies to overcome the air-blood lung barrier is still needed. The combination of complex in vitro models and sophisticated particulate carriers is promising as a strategy by which that goal could be achieved. In this review we discuss currently available in vitro lung models, including some recent tissue-engineering approaches, as well as the challenges associated to implement such complex in vitro systems. Furthermore, we discuss available carrier technologies, often based on nanotechnology, to target specific regions of the lungs and to overcome the respective biological barriers, ideally resulting in safe and effective delivery to the desired pulmonary destination.
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Abstract
The lungs are constantly exposed to antigens, most of which are non-pathogenic and do not require the induction of an immune response. Dendritic cells (DCs) are situated at the basolateral site of the lungs and continuously scan the environment to detect the presence of pathogens and subsequently initiate an immune response. They are a heterogeneous population of antigen-presenting cells that exert specific functions. Compelling evidence is now provided that DCs are both sufficient and necessary to induce allergic responses against several inhaled harmless allergens. How various DC subsets exactly contribute to the induction of allergic asthma is currently a subject of intense investigation. We here review the current progress in this field.
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Ugonna K, Bingle CD, Plant K, Wilson K, Everard ML. Macrophages are required for dendritic cell uptake of respiratory syncytial virus from an infected epithelium. PLoS One 2014; 9:e91855. [PMID: 24651119 PMCID: PMC3961264 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0091855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2013] [Accepted: 02/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
We have previously shown that the respiratory syncytial virus [RSV] can productively infect monocyte derived dendritic cells [MoDC] and remain dormant within the same cells for prolonged periods. It is therefore possible that infected dendritic cells act as a reservoir within the airways of individuals between annual epidemics. In the present study we explored the possibility that sub-epithelial DCs can be infected with RSV from differentiated bronchial epithelium and that in turn RSV from DCs can infect the epithelium. A dual co-culture model was established in which a differentiated primary airway epithelium on an Air Liquid Interface (ALI) was cultured on a transwell insert and MoDCs were subsequently added to the basolateral membrane of the insert. Further experiments were undertaken using a triple co-culture model in which in which macrophages were added to the apical surface of the differentiated epithelium. A modified RSV [rr-RSV] expressing a red fluorescent protein marker of replication was used to infect either the MoDCs or the differentiated epithelium and infection of the reciprocal cell type was assessed using confocal microscopy. Our data shows that primary epithelium became infected when rr-RSV infected MoDCs were introduced onto the basal surface of the transwell insert. MoDCs located beneath the epithelium did not become infected with virus from infected epithelial cells in the dual co-culture model. However when macrophages were present on the apical surface of the primary epithelium infection of the basal MoDCs occurred. Our data suggests that RSV infected dendritic cells readily transmit infection to epithelial cells even when they are located beneath the basal layer. However macrophages appear to be necessary for the transmission of infection from epithelial cells to basal dendritic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelechi Ugonna
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Sheffield Children’s Hospital, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Colin D. Bingle
- Academic Unit of Respiratory Medicine, Dept. of Infection and Immunity University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Karen Plant
- Academic Unit of Respiratory Medicine, Dept. of Infection and Immunity University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Kirsty Wilson
- Academic Unit of Respiratory Medicine, Dept. of Infection and Immunity University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Mark L. Everard
- School Of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Western Australia, Princess Margaret Hospital, Subiaco, Western Australia
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Fiole D, Deman P, Trescos Y, Mayol JF, Mathieu J, Vial JC, Douady J, Tournier JN. Two-photon intravital imaging of lungs during anthrax infection reveals long-lasting macrophage-dendritic cell contacts. Infect Immun 2014; 82:864-72. [PMID: 24478099 PMCID: PMC3911401 DOI: 10.1128/iai.01184-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The dynamics of the lung immune system at the microscopic level are largely unknown because of inefficient methods of restraining chest motion during image acquisition. In this study, we developed an improved intravital method for two-photon lung imaging uniquely based on a posteriori parenchymal tissue motion correction. We took advantage of the alveolar collagen pattern given by the second harmonic generation signal as a reference for frame registration. We describe here for the first time a detailed dynamic account of two major lung immune cell populations, alveolar macrophages and CD11b-positive dendritic cells, during homeostasis and infection by spores of Bacillus anthracis, the agent of anthrax. We show that after alveolar macrophages capture spores, CD11b-positive dendritic cells come in prolonged contact with infected macrophages. Dendritic cells are known to carry spores to the draining lymph nodes and elicit the immune response in pulmonary anthrax. The intimate and long-lasting contacts between these two lines of defense may therefore coordinate immune responses in the lung through an immunological synapse-like process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Fiole
- Unité Interactions Hôte-Agents Pathogènes, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Brétigny-sur-Orge, France
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire de Physique, UMR 5588 CNRS/Université Joseph Fourier Grenoble 1, St-Martin-d'Hères, France
| | - Pierre Deman
- Unité Interactions Hôte-Agents Pathogènes, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Brétigny-sur-Orge, France
| | - Yannick Trescos
- Unité Interactions Hôte-Agents Pathogènes, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Brétigny-sur-Orge, France
- Ecole du Val-de-Grâce, Paris, France
| | - Jean-François Mayol
- Unité de Radiobiologie Tissulaire, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Brétigny-sur-Orge, France
| | - Jacques Mathieu
- Unité Interactions Hôte-Agents Pathogènes, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Brétigny-sur-Orge, France
- Laboratoire Pathogénie des Toxi-Infections Bactériennes, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Claude Vial
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire de Physique, UMR 5588 CNRS/Université Joseph Fourier Grenoble 1, St-Martin-d'Hères, France
| | - Julien Douady
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire de Physique, UMR 5588 CNRS/Université Joseph Fourier Grenoble 1, St-Martin-d'Hères, France
| | - Jean-Nicolas Tournier
- Unité Interactions Hôte-Agents Pathogènes, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Brétigny-sur-Orge, France
- Ecole du Val-de-Grâce, Paris, France
- Laboratoire Pathogénie des Toxi-Infections Bactériennes, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
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Kudo M, Ishigatsubo Y, Aoki I. Pathology of asthma. Front Microbiol 2013; 4:263. [PMID: 24032029 PMCID: PMC3768124 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2013.00263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2013] [Accepted: 08/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a serious health and socioeconomic issue all over the world, affecting more than 300 million individuals. The disease is considered as an inflammatory disease in the airway, leading to airway hyperresponsiveness, obstruction, mucus hyper-production and airway wall remodeling. The presence of airway inflammation in asthmatic patients has been found in the nineteenth century. As the information in patients with asthma increase, paradigm change in immunology and molecular biology have resulted in an extensive evaluation of inflammatory cells and mediators involved in the pathophysiology of asthma. Moreover, it is recognized that airway remodeling into detail, characterized by thickening of the airway wall, can be profound consequences on the mechanics of airway narrowing and contribute to the chronic progression of the disease. Epithelial to mesenchymal transition plays an important role in airway remodeling. These epithelial and mesenchymal cells cause persistence of the inflammatory infiltration and induce histological changes in the airway wall, increasing thickness of the basement membrane, collagen deposition and smooth muscle hypertrophy and hyperplasia. Resulting of airway inflammation, airway remodeling leads to the airway wall thickening and induces increased airway smooth muscle mass, which generate asthmatic symptoms. Asthma is classically recognized as the typical Th2 disease, with increased IgE levels and eosinophilic inflammation in the airway. Emerging Th2 cytokines modulates the airway inflammation, which induces airway remodeling. Biological agents, which have specific molecular targets for these Th2 cytokines, are available and clinical trials for asthma are ongoing. However, the relatively simple paradigm has been doubted because of the realization that strategies designed to suppress Th2 function are not effective enough for all patients in the clinical trials. In the future, it is required to understand more details for phenotypes of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Kudo
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Internal medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University Yokohama, Japan
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47
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Heuking S, Rothen-Rutishauser B, Raemy DO, Gehr P, Borchard G. Fate of TLR-1/TLR-2 agonist functionalised pDNA nanoparticles upon deposition at the human bronchial epithelium in vitro. J Nanobiotechnology 2013; 11:29. [PMID: 23964697 PMCID: PMC3765319 DOI: 10.1186/1477-3155-11-29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2013] [Accepted: 08/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plasmid DNA vaccination is a promising approach, but studies in non-human primates and humans failed to achieve protective immunity. To optimise this technology further with focus on pulmonary administration, we developed and evaluated an adjuvant-equipped DNA carrier system based on the biopolymer chitosan. In more detail, the uptake and accompanying immune response of adjuvant Pam3Cys (Toll-like receptor-1/2 agonist) decorated chitosan DNA nanoparticles (NP) were explored by using a three-dimensional (3D) cell culture model of the human epithelial barrier. Pam3Cys functionalised and non-functionalised chitosan DNA NP were sprayed by a microsprayer onto the surface of 3D cell cultures and uptake of NP by epithelial and immune cells (blood monocyte-derived dendritic cells (MDDC) and macrophages (MDM)) was visualised by confocal laser scanning microscopy. In addition, immune activation by TLR pathway was monitored by analysis of interleukin-8 and tumor necrosis factor-α secretions (ELISA). RESULTS At first, a high uptake rate into antigen-presenting cells (MDDC: 16-17%; MDM: 68-75%) was obtained. Although no significant difference in uptake patterns was observed for Pam3Cys adjuvant functionalised and non-functionalised DNA NP, ELISA of interleukin-8 and tumor necrosis factor-α demonstrated clearly that Pam3Cys functionalisation elicited an overall higher immune response with the ranking of Pam3Cys chitosan DNA NP>chitosan DNA NP=DNA unloaded chitosan NP>control (culture medium). CONCLUSIONS Chitosan-based DNA delivery enables uptake into abluminal MDDC, which are the most immune competent cells in the human lung for the induction of antigen-specific immunity. In addition, Pam3Cys adjuvant functionalisation of chitosan DNA NP enhances significantly an environment favoring recruitment of immune cells together with a Th1 associated (cellular) immune response due to elevated IL-8 and TNF-α levels. The latter renders this DNA delivery approach attractive for potential DNA vaccination against intracellular pathogens in the lung (e.g., Mycobacterium tuberculosis or influenza virus).
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Heuking
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Geneva-Lausanne (EPGL), University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland
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Kumar Y, Bhatia A. Immunopathogenesis of allergic disorders: current concepts. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2013; 9:211-26. [PMID: 23445196 DOI: 10.1586/eci.12.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Allergic disorders are a group of immune-mediated disorders that are associated with considerable morbidity and ill health. There has been significant rise in the prevalence of allergy in the last few years. This has heightened interest in uncovering the novel mechanisms involved in etiopathogenesis of allergic disorders. Understanding the pathways underlying allergy will help in developing effective modalities for its prevention and treatment. This review focuses primarily on common IgE-mediated allergic conditions and recent developments in their immunopathogenesis, especially those involving respiratory mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yashwant Kumar
- Department of Immunopathology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh 160012, India.
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Halamoda Kenzaoui B, Angeloni S, Overstolz T, Niedermann P, Chapuis Bernasconi C, Liley M, Juillerat-Jeanneret L. Transfer of ultrasmall iron oxide nanoparticles from human brain-derived endothelial cells to human glioblastoma cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2013; 5:3581-3586. [PMID: 23578059 DOI: 10.1021/am401310s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles (NPs) are being used or explored for the development of biomedical applications in diagnosis and therapy, including imaging and drug delivery. Therefore, reliable tools are needed to study the behavior of NPs in biological environment, in particular the transport of NPs across biological barriers, including the blood-brain tumor barrier (BBTB), a challenging question. Previous studies have addressed the translocation of NPs of various compositions across cell layers, mostly using only one type of cells. Using a coculture model of the human BBTB, consisting in human cerebral endothelial cells preloaded with ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (USPIO NPs) and unloaded human glioblastoma cells grown on each side of newly developed ultrathin permeable silicon nitride supports as a model of the human BBTB, we demonstrate for the first time the transfer of USPIO NPs from human brain-derived endothelial cells to glioblastoma cells. The reduced thickness of the permeable mechanical support compares better than commercially available polymeric supports to the thickness of the basement membrane of the cerebral vascular system. These results are the first report supporting the possibility that USPIO NPs could be directly transferred from endothelial cells to glioblastoma cells across a BBTB. Thus, the use of such ultrathin porous supports provides a new in vitro approach to study the delivery of nanotherapeutics to brain cancers. Our results also suggest a novel possibility for nanoparticles to deliver therapeutics to the brain using endothelial to neural cells transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blanka Halamoda Kenzaoui
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
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50
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Mori M, Andersson CK, Svedberg KA, Glader P, Bergqvist A, Shikhagaie M, Löfdahl CG, Erjefält JS. Appearance of remodelled and dendritic cell-rich alveolar-lymphoid interfaces provides a structural basis for increased alveolar antigen uptake in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Thorax 2013; 68:521-31. [PMID: 23412435 DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2012-202879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE The alveolar pathology in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) involves antigen-driven immune events. However, the induction sites of alveolar adaptive immune responses have remained poorly investigated. OBJECTIVES To explore the hypothesis that interfaces between the alveolar lumen and lymphoid aggregates (LAs) provide a structural basis for increased alveolar antigen uptake in COPD lungs. METHODS Lung samples from patients with mild (Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) stage I), moderate-severe (GOLD II-III), and very severe (GOLD IV) COPD were subjected to detailed histological assessments of adaptive immune system components. Never smokers and smokers without COPD served as controls. RESULTS Quantitative histology, involving computerised three-dimensional reconstructions, confirmed a rich occurrence of alveolar-restricted LAs and revealed, for the first time, that the vast majority of vascular or bronchiolar associated LAs had alveolar interfaces but also an intricate network of lymphatic vessels. Uniquely to COPD lungs, the interface epithelium had transformed into a columnar phenotype. Accumulation of langerin (CD207)(+) dendritic cells occurred in the interface epithelium in patients with COPD but not controls. The antigen-capturing capacity of langerin(+) dendritic cells was confirmed by increased alveolar protrusions and physical T cell contact. Several of these immune remodelling parameters correlated with lung function parameters. CONCLUSIONS Severe stages of COPD are associated with an emergence of remodelled and dendritic cell-rich alveolar-lymphoid interfaces. This novel type of immune remodelling, which predicts an increased capacity to respond to alveolar antigens, is suggested to contribute to aggravated inflammation in COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiko Mori
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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