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Xu K, Wang W, Liu D, Wang C, Zhu J, Yan B, Gao H, Hu G. Characterization of a crustin-like peptide involved in shrimp immune response to bacteria and Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei (EHP) infection in Palaemon carinicauda. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023:108871. [PMID: 37295736 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.108871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Crustins represent one type of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) that are key components of the innate immune process of crustaceans. This study successfully identified a novel crustin-like peptide, EcCrustin2, in ridgetail white prawn, Palaemon carinicauda (formerly Exopalaemon carinicauda). EcCrustin2 was found to be 1082 bp in length, with a 378 bp open reading frame (ORF) encoding 125 amino acids. The deduced amino acid sequence of EcCrustin2 exhibited characteristics of crustins in crustacean, including a Cys-rich region at the N-terminus as well as a whey acidic protein domain at the C-terminus. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the EcCrustin2 was first clustered with Type I crustins, then with other crustins. Expression of EcCrustin2 was mainly detected in immune tissues, including hemocytes, gill and stomach. The expression level of EcCrustin2 was also significantly up-regulated after being exposed to lipopolysaccharide (LPS), lipoteichoic acid (LTA), Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Staphylococcus aureus. EHP infection could also induce EcCrustin2 expression in P. carinicauda. Knockdown of EcCrustin2 with siRNA increased the mortality of V. parahaemolyticus challenged shrimp. Finally, the recombinant EcCrustin2 protein was obtained and demonstrated a wide spectrum of antibacterial activity in vitro. These results indicated that EcCrustin2 takes part in the immune response against bacteria and EHP infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 22005, China
| | - Weili Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 22005, China
| | - Dong Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 22005, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 22005, China
| | - Jun Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 22005, China
| | - Binlun Yan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 22005, China; Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, China
| | - Huan Gao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 22005, China; Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, China
| | - Guangwei Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 22005, China; Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, China.
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2
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Maurus G, Ho TH, Lee PT. Effects of dietary Scutellaria baicalensis extract on growth performance, immune-related genes expression, and resistance against Vibrio parahaemolyticus in white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). Res Vet Sci 2023; 159:160-170. [PMID: 37148735 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2023.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study dietary Scutellaria baicalensis extract (SBE) was used to improve the shrimps' immune response and its resistance to Vibrio parahaemolyticus. SBE obtained by solid-liquid extraction (SLE) has shown stronger antibacterial activity against V. parahaemolyticus compared to extracts obtained through the pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) method. A stronger immune response, such as the production of reactive oxygen species and the induction of expression of immune genes in hemocytes was seen in the SBE (SLE) treated group in vitro. SBE (SLE) had better immune stimulation effects and bactericidal activity than SBE (PLE) and therefore was chosen for in vivo feeding trial. The group fed with 1% SBE showed a better growth performance after 2 weeks of the feeding trial, but the growth-promoting effects did not last until the end of the trial at week four. Higher SBE intake reduced shrimp resistance to V. parahaemolyticus on week two but showed better resistance than the control group on the fourth week. Gene expression assays were used to investigate contradictory responses of the SBE-fed groups to V. parahaemolyticus at different times. Most of the genes examined in the selected tissues were not significantly changed, suggesting that the higher mortality of shrimp fed with high dose of SBE was not due to suppression of immune-related genes at earlier time point. Collectively, the bioactivity of SBE is influenced by the extraction conditions. Higher dietary doses of SBE (1% and 5%) improved the resistance of the white shrimp to V. parahaemolyticus after a longer feeding period (week four), but caution should be taken when applying SBE in the feed since a vulnerable status (week two) was seen during the feeding trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Germain Maurus
- Department of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung City, Taiwan
| | - Thi Hang Ho
- Department of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung City, Taiwan
| | - Po-Tsang Lee
- Department of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung City, Taiwan.
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3
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Miyasaka H, Koga A, Maki TA. Recent progress in the use of purple non-sulfur bacteria as probiotics in aquaculture. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 39:145. [PMID: 37014486 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-023-03592-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
The use of probiotics in aquaculture is widely recognized as an ecological and cost-effective approach to raising healthy, pathogen-tolerant aquatic animals, including fish and shrimp. In particular for shrimp, probiotics are viewed as a promising countermeasure to the recent severe damage to the shrimp industry by bacterial and viral pathogens. Purple non-sulfur bacteria (PNSB) are Gram-negative, non-pathogenic bacteria with wide application potential in agriculture, wastewater treatment, and bioenergy/biomaterials production. In aquaculture, lactic bacteria and Bacillus are the major probiotic bacteria used, but PNSB, like Rhodopseudomonas and Rhodobacter, are also used. In this review, we summarize the previous work on the use of PNSB in aquaculture, overview the previous studies on the stimulation of innate immunity of shrimp by various probiotic microorganisms, and also share our results in the probiotic performance of Rhodovulum sulfidophilum KKMI01, a marine PNSB, which showed a superior effect in promotion of growth and stimulation of immunity in shrimp at a quite low concentration of 1 × 103 cfu (colony forming unit)/ml in rearing water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Miyasaka
- Department of Applied Life Science, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Nishiku, Kumamoto, 860-0082, Japan.
- Ciamo Co. Ltd., G-2F Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Nishiku, Kumamoto, 860-0082, Japan.
- Matsumoto Institute of Microorganisms Co. Ltd, 2904 Niimura, Matsumoto, Nagano, 390-1241, Japan.
| | - Aoi Koga
- Department of Applied Life Science, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Nishiku, Kumamoto, 860-0082, Japan
- Ciamo Co. Ltd., G-2F Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Nishiku, Kumamoto, 860-0082, Japan
- Matsumoto Institute of Microorganisms Co. Ltd, 2904 Niimura, Matsumoto, Nagano, 390-1241, Japan
| | - Taka-Aki Maki
- Department of Applied Life Science, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Nishiku, Kumamoto, 860-0082, Japan
- Ciamo Co. Ltd., G-2F Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Nishiku, Kumamoto, 860-0082, Japan
- Matsumoto Institute of Microorganisms Co. Ltd, 2904 Niimura, Matsumoto, Nagano, 390-1241, Japan
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4
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Akinbobola AB, Kean R, Hanifi SMA, Quilliam RS. Environmental reservoirs of the drug-resistant pathogenic yeast Candida auris. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011268. [PMID: 37053164 PMCID: PMC10101498 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Candia auris is an emerging human pathogenic yeast; yet, despite phenotypic attributes and genomic evidence suggesting that it probably emerged from a natural reservoir, we know nothing about the environmental phase of its life cycle and the transmission pathways associated with it. The thermotolerant characteristics of C. auris have been hypothesised to be an environmental adaptation to increasing temperatures due to global warming (which may have facilitated its ability to tolerate the mammalian thermal barrier that is considered a protective strategy for humans against colonisation by environmental fungi with pathogenic potential). Thus, C. auris may be the first human pathogenic fungus to have emerged as a result of climate change. In addition, the release of antifungal chemicals, such as azoles, into the environment (from both pharmaceutical and agricultural sources) is likely to be responsible for the environmental enrichment of resistant strains of C. auris; however, the survival and dissemination of C. auris in the natural environment is poorly understood. In this paper, we critically review the possible pathways through which C. auris can be introduced into the environment and evaluate the environmental characteristics that can influence its persistence and transmission in natural environments. Identifying potential environmental niches and reservoirs of C. auris and understanding its emergence against a backdrop of climate change and environmental pollution will be crucial for the development of effective epidemiological and environmental management responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayorinde B Akinbobola
- Biological and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, United Kingdom
| | - Ryan Kean
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, School of Health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Syed Manzoor Ahmed Hanifi
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Health System and Population Studies Division, Shaheed Tajuddin Ahmed Sarani, Mohakhali, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Richard S Quilliam
- Biological and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, United Kingdom
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Chen X, Jia X, Bing J, Zhang H, Hong N, Liu Y, Xi H, Wang W, Liu Z, Zhang Q, Li L, Kang M, Xiao Y, Yang B, Lin Y, Xu H, Fan X, Huang J, Gong J, Xu J, Xie X, Yang W, Zhang G, Zhang J, Kang W, Wang H, Hou X, Xiao M, Xu Y. Clonal Dissemination of Antifungal-Resistant Candida haemulonii, China. Emerg Infect Dis 2023; 29:576-584. [PMID: 36823029 PMCID: PMC9973686 DOI: 10.3201/eid2903.221082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Candida haemulonii, a relative of C. auris, frequently shows antifungal resistance and is transmissible. However, molecular tools for genotyping and investigating outbreaks are not yet established. We performed genome-based population analysis on 94 C. haemulonii strains, including 58 isolates from China and 36 other published strains. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that C. haemulonii can be divided into 4 clades. Clade 1 comprised strains from China and other global strains; clades 2-4 contained only isolates from China, were more recently evolved, and showed higher antifungal resistance. Four regional epidemic clusters (A, B, C, and D) were identified in China, each comprising ≥5 cases (largest intracluster pairwise single-nucleotide polymorphism differences <50 bp). Cluster A was identified in 2 hospitals located in the same city, suggesting potential intracity transmissions. Cluster D was resistant to 3 classes of antifungals. The emergence of more resistant phylogenetic clades and regional dissemination of antifungal-resistant C. haemulonii warrants further monitoring.
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Characterisation of a novel crustin isoform from mud crab, Scylla serrata (Forsskål, 1775) and its functional analysis in silico. In Silico Pharmacol 2022; 11:2. [PMID: 36582926 PMCID: PMC9795441 DOI: 10.1007/s40203-022-00138-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A 336-base pair (bp) sized mRNA sequence encoding 111 amino acid size crustin isoform (MC-crustin) was obtained from the gill sample of the green mud crab, Scylla serrata. MC-crustin possessed an N-terminal signal peptide region comprising of 21 amino acid residues, followed by a 90 amino acid mature peptide region having a molecular weight of 10.164 kDa, charge + 4.25 and theoretical pI of 8.27. Sequence alignment and phylogenetic tree analyses revealed the peptide to be a Type I crustin, with four conserved cysteine residues forming the cysteine rich region, followed by WAP domain. MC-crustin was cationic with cysteine/proline rich structure and was predicted with antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anti-angiogenic and anti-hypertensive property making it a potential molecule for possible therapeutic applications.
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Boonyakida J, Nakanishi T, Satoh J, Shimahara Y, Mekata T, Park EY. Immunostimulation of shrimp through oral administration of silkworm pupae expressing VP15 against WSSV. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 128:157-167. [PMID: 35917887 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.07.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) is one of the most concerning pathogens in penaeid shrimp and can cause severe loss in shrimp aquaculture worldwide. Among the WSSV structural proteins, VP15, a DNA-binding protein located in the WSSV nucleocapsid, is an antiviral protein candidate to protect kuruma shrimp (Marsupenaeus japonicus) from WSSV infection. We identified that the truncated VP15, VP15(26-57), is responsible for the protective effect against the WSSV. This study attempts to develop an immunizing agent against WSSV using silkworm pupa as a delivery vector through oral administration. The VP15, VP15(26-57), and SR11 peptide derived from VP15(26-57) were expressed in silkworm pupae. Oral administration of feed mixed with the powdered pupae that expressed VP15-derived constructs enhanced the survivability of kuruma shrimp with an overall relative percent survival (RPS) higher than 70%. There is no death for the group receiving pupa/VP15(26-57), and the RPS is 100%. In addition, we also investigated the relative mRNA expression levels of immune-related genes by qPCR at different time points. Our results indicate that the oral administration of pupa/VP15-derived products could provide a high protective effect against WSSV and be a practical approach for controlling WSSV in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jirayu Boonyakida
- Department of Bioscience, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ward, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan.
| | - Takafumi Nakanishi
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Integrated Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ward, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan.
| | - Jun Satoh
- Fisheries Technology Institute of National Research and Development Agency, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, Tamaki Field Station, Mie, 519-0423, Japan.
| | - Yoshiko Shimahara
- Fisheries Technology Institute of National Research and Development Agency, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, Kamiura Field Station, Oita, 879-2602, Japan.
| | - Tohru Mekata
- Fisheries Technology Institute of National Research and Development Agency, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, Namsei Field Station, Mie, 516-0193, Japan.
| | - Enoch Y Park
- Department of Bioscience, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ward, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan; Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Integrated Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ward, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan; Research Institute of Green Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ward, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan.
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8
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Ramírez M, Debut A. Control of vibriosis in shrimp through the management of the microbiota and the immune system. BIONATURA 2022. [DOI: 10.21931/rb/2022.07.02.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Shrimp aquaculture is constantly threatened by recurrent outbreaks of diseases caused by pathogenic bacteria of the genus Vibrio. Acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND) is one of the most aggressive vibriosis reported to date in the shrimp industry. AHPND provokes massive mortalities, causing economic losses with strong social impacts. Control of vibriosis requires the application of multifactorial strategies. This includes vibrio exclusion, shrimp microbiota, particularly in the digestive tract, and shrimp health management through immune stimulation. This paper reviews these two strategies for the prophylactic control of vibriosis. First, we describe the devastating effects of AHPND and the cellular and humoral effectors of the shrimp immune system to cope with this pathology. Secondly, the mechanisms of action of probiotics and their positive impacts are highlighted, including their immunostimulant effects and their role in the balance of the shrimp microbiota. Finally, we reviewed immunostimulants and prebiotics polysaccharides that together with probiotics act benefiting growth, feed efficiency and the microbiota of the digestive tract of farmed shrimp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mery Ramírez
- Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Marinas (CENAIM), Campus Gustavo Galindo Km. 30.5 Vía Perimetral, P.O. Box 09-01-5863, Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | - Alexis Debut
- Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas ESPE, Centro de Nanociencia y Nanotecnología, Avenida General Rumiñahui S/N y Ambato, P.O. Box 171-5-231B, Sangolquí, Ecuador
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Koga A, Goto M, Hayashi S, Yamamoto S, Miyasaka H. Probiotic Effects of a Marine Purple Non-Sulfur Bacterium, Rhodovulum sulfidophilum KKMI01, on Kuruma Shrimp (Marsupenaeus japonicus). Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10020244. [PMID: 35208699 PMCID: PMC8876596 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10020244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Purple non-sulfur bacteria (PNSB) are used as probiotics in shrimp aquaculture; however, no studies have examined the probiotic effects of PNSB in shrimp at the gene expression level. In this study, we examined the effects of a marine PNSB, Rhodovulum sulfidophilum KKMI01, on the gene expression of kuruma shrimp (Marsupenaeus japonicus). Short-term (3 days) effects of R. sulfidophilum KKMI01 on the gene expression in shrimp were examined using small-scale laboratory aquaria experiments, while long-term (145 days) effects of R. sulfidophilum KKMI01 on the growth performance and gene expression were examined using 200-ton outdoor aquaria experiments. Gene expression levels were examined using qRT-PCR. Results of the short-term experiments showed the upregulation of several molting-related genes, including cuticle proteins, calcification proteins, and cuticle pigment protein, suggesting that PNSB stimulated the growth of shrimp. The upregulation of several immune genes, such as prophenoloxidase, antimicrobial peptides, and superoxide dismutase, was also observed. In the 145-day outdoor experiments, the average body weight at harvest time, survival rate, and feed conversion ratio were significantly improved in PNSB-treated shrimp, and upregulation of molting and immune-related genes were also observed. When PNSB cells were added to the rearing water, the effective dosage of PNSB was as low as 103 cfu/mL, which was more than a million times dilution of the original PNSB culture (2–3 × 109 cfu/mL), indicating that R. sulfidophilum KKMI01 provides a feasible and cost-effective application as a probiotic candidate in shrimp aquaculture.
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Dai X, Wang K, Zhang R, Zhang C, Cao X, Huang X, Zhang Y, Ren Q. Identification of two carcinin isoforms (MnCarc1 and MnCarc2) and their function in the antimicrobial immunity of Macrobrachium nipponense. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 106:205-217. [PMID: 32750545 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.07.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Carcinin, a member of the crustin family, plays important roles in crustacean innate immunity. In this study, we identified two carcinin isoforms (MnCarc1 and MnCarc2) produced by alternative splicing from Macrobrachium nipponense. The full length of MnCarc1 and MnCarc2 cDNA are 1554 and 1495 bp with 687 and 609 bp open reading frame-encoding proteins that contain 228 and 202 amino acids, respectively. The genome of carcinin has nine exons and eight introns. MnCarc1 transcript contains all nine exons, whereas MnCarc2 only contains eight exons and lacks exon 4. MnCarc1 and MnCarc2 proteins contain a signal peptide, cysteine-rich regions, and a whey acidic protein domain. The phylogenetic tree shows that MnCarc1 and MnCarc2 are not grouped with other crustins and carcinins. MnCarc1 and MnCarc2 form a subgroup. MnCarc1 and MnCarc2 are widely distributed in various tissues. The expression of MnCarc1 and MnCarc2 were evidently upregulated at multiple time points in hemocytes and the intestine of M. nipponense after white spot syndrome virus, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, and Staphylococcus aureus challenges. Further studies showed that knockdown of MnDorsal or MnStat transcription factor could remarkably inhibit the upregulated expression of MnCarc1 and MnCarc2 caused by viral or bacterial challenges. In addition, recombinant MnCarc1 and MnCarc2 proteins could bind to various bacteria and polysaccharides and inhibit the growth of S. aureus and V. parahaemolyticus in vitro. This study indicated that carcinins from M. nipponense were involved in prawns innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Dai
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animals Breeding and Green Efficient Aquacultural Technology, College of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Kaiqiang Wang
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animals Breeding and Green Efficient Aquacultural Technology, College of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ruidong Zhang
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animals Breeding and Green Efficient Aquacultural Technology, College of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animals Breeding and Green Efficient Aquacultural Technology, College of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xueying Cao
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animals Breeding and Green Efficient Aquacultural Technology, College of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xin Huang
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animals Breeding and Green Efficient Aquacultural Technology, College of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Yufei Zhang
- Agriculture Ministry Key Laboratory of Healthy Freshwater Aquaculture, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquaculture Genetic and Breeding of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Institute of Freshwater Fisheries, Huzhou, 313001, China.
| | - Qian Ren
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animals Breeding and Green Efficient Aquacultural Technology, College of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China; Agriculture Ministry Key Laboratory of Healthy Freshwater Aquaculture, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquaculture Genetic and Breeding of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Institute of Freshwater Fisheries, Huzhou, 313001, China; Co-Innovation Center for Marine Bio-Industry Technology of Jiangsu Province, Lianyungang, Jiangsu Province, 222005, China.
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11
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Bowden TJ, Kraev I, Lange S. Extracellular vesicles and post-translational protein deimination signatures in haemolymph of the American lobster (Homarus americanus). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 106:79-102. [PMID: 32731012 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.06.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The American lobster (Homarus americanus) is a commercially important crustacean with an unusual long life span up to 100 years and a comparative animal model of longevity. Therefore, research into its immune system and physiology is of considerable importance both for industry and comparative immunology studies. Peptidylarginine deiminases (PADs) are a phylogenetically conserved enzyme family that catalyses post-translational protein deimination via the conversion of arginine to citrulline. This can lead to structural and functional protein changes, sometimes contributing to protein moonlighting, in health and disease. PADs also regulate the cellular release of extracellular vesicles (EVs), which is an important part of cellular communication, both in normal physiology and in immune responses. Hitherto, studies on EVs in Crustacea are limited and neither PADs nor associated protein deimination have been studied in a Crustacean species. The current study assessed EV and deimination signatures in haemolymph of the American lobster. Lobster EVs were found to be a poly-dispersed population in the 10-500 nm size range, with the majority of smaller EVs, which fell within 22-115 nm. In lobster haemolymph, 9 key immune and metabolic proteins were identified to be post-translationally deiminated, while further 41 deiminated protein hits were identified when searching against a Crustacean database. KEGG (Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes) and GO (gene ontology) enrichment analysis of these deiminated proteins revealed KEGG and GO pathways relating to a number of immune, including anti-pathogenic (viral, bacterial, fungal) and host-pathogen interactions, as well as metabolic pathways, regulation of vesicle and exosome release, mitochondrial function, ATP generation, gene regulation, telomerase homeostasis and developmental processes. The characterisation of EVs, and post-translational deimination signatures, reported in lobster in the current study, and the first time in Crustacea, provides insights into protein moonlighting functions of both species-specific and phylogenetically conserved proteins and EV-mediated communication in this long-lived crustacean. The current study furthermore lays foundation for novel biomarker discovery for lobster aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J Bowden
- Aquaculture Research Institute, School of Food & Agriculture, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA.
| | - Igor Kraev
- Electron Microscopy Suite, Faculty of Science,Technology, Engineering and Mathematics, Open University, Milton Keynes, MK7 6AA, UK.
| | - Sigrun Lange
- Tissue Architecture and Regeneration Research Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London, W1W 6UW, UK.
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12
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Angulo M, Reyes-Becerril M, Medina-Córdova N, Tovar-Ramírez D, Angulo C. Probiotic and nutritional effects of Debaryomyces hansenii on animals. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:7689-7699. [PMID: 32686006 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10780-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Debaryomyces hansenii comes of age as a new potential probiotic for terrestrial and aquatic animals. Probiotic properties, including inmunostimulatory effects, gut microbiota modulation, enhanced cell proliferation and differentiation, and digestive function improvements have been related to the oral delivery of D. hansenii. Its functional compounds, such as cell wall components and polyamines, have been identified and implicated in its immunomodulatory activity. In addition, in vitro studies using immune cells have shown standpoints on the possible recognition, regulation, and effector immune mechanisms stimulated by this yeast. This review describes historic, cutting-edge research findings, implications, and perspectives on the use of D. hansenii as a promising probiotic for animals. KEY POINTS: • Debaryomyces hansenii has probiotic effects in terrestrial and aquatic animals. • Nutritional effects could be associated to probiotic D. hansenii strains. • β-D-Glucan and polyamines from D. hansenii are associated to probiotic properties. • Adoption by the industry is expected in the next years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Angulo
- Immunology & Vaccinology Group, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, SC, Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, La Paz, B.C.S., C.P. 23096, Mexico
| | - Martha Reyes-Becerril
- Immunology & Vaccinology Group, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, SC, Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, La Paz, B.C.S., C.P. 23096, Mexico
| | - Noe Medina-Córdova
- Immunology & Vaccinology Group, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, SC, Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, La Paz, B.C.S., C.P. 23096, Mexico
- Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias, Campo Experimental Todos Santos, Agricultura s/n entre México y Durango, Emiliano Zapata, La Paz, B.C.S., C.P: 23070, Mexico
| | - Dariel Tovar-Ramírez
- Immunology & Vaccinology Group, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, SC, Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, La Paz, B.C.S., C.P. 23096, Mexico
| | - Carlos Angulo
- Immunology & Vaccinology Group, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, SC, Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, La Paz, B.C.S., C.P. 23096, Mexico.
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13
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Hernández-Pérez A, Noonin C, Söderhäll K, Söderhäll I. Environmental concentrations of sulfamethoxazole increase crayfish Pacifastacus leniusculus susceptibility to White Spot Syndrome Virus. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 102:177-184. [PMID: 32311459 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotics used for humans and livestock are emerging as pollutants in aquatic environments. However, little is known about their effect on aquatic organisms, especially in crustaceans. In the present study, the freshwater crayfish Pacifastacus leniusculus was exposed during 21 days to environmental concentrations of sulfamethoxazole (SMX) (100 ng/L and 1 μg/L). Subsequently, the crayfish susceptibility to infection was evaluated by using White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV) challenge, a well-known crustacean pathogen. The median survival time of the infected crayfish exposed to 100 ng/L SMX was one day, whereas the control and the group exposed to 1 μg/L SMX survived for two and three days, respectively. In order to elucidate the effect of SMX upon the crayfish immune response, new sets of crayfish were exposed to the same SMX treatments to evaluate mRNA levels of immune-related genes which are expressed and present in hemocytes and intestine, and to perform total and differential hemocyte counts. These results show a significant down-regulation of the antimicrobial peptide (AMP) Crustin 3 in hemocytes from the 100 ng/L SMX group, as well as a significant up-regulation of the AMP Crustin 1 in intestines from the 1 μg/L SMX group. Semigranular and total hemocyte cell number were observed to be significantly lower after exposure to 100 ng/L SMX in comparison with the control group. The present study demonstrates that environmentally relevant SMX concentrations in the water at 100 ng/L led to an increased WSSV susceptibility, that may have been caused by a reduction of circulating hemocytes. Nevertheless, SMX concentrations of 1 μg/L could marginally and for a few days have an immunostimulatory effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariadne Hernández-Pérez
- Department of Comparative Physiology, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18A, 752 36, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Chadanat Noonin
- Department of Comparative Physiology, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18A, 752 36, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Kenneth Söderhäll
- SciLife Laboratory, Department of Comparative Physiology, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18A, 752 36, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Irene Söderhäll
- SciLife Laboratory, Department of Comparative Physiology, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18A, 752 36, Uppsala, Sweden.
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López-Carvallo JA, Mazón-Suástegui JM, Hernández-Oñate MÁ, Tovar-Ramírez D, Abasolo-Pacheco F, Morelos-Castro RM, Arcos-Ortega GF. Transcriptome analysis of Catarina scallop (Argopecten ventricosus) juveniles treated with highly-diluted immunomodulatory compounds reveals activation of non-self-recognition system. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0233064. [PMID: 32407349 PMCID: PMC7224555 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0233064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine bivalve hatchery productivity is continuously challenged by apparition and propagation of new diseases, mainly those related to vibriosis. Disinfectants and antibiotics are frequently overused to prevent pathogen presence, generating a potential negative impact on the environment. Recently, the use of highly diluted compounds with immunostimulant properties in marine organisms has been trailed successfully to activate the self-protection mechanisms of marine bivalves. Despite their potential as immunostimulants, little is known about their way of action. To understand their effect, a comparative transcriptomic analysis was performed with Argopecten ventricosus juveniles. The experimental design consisted of four treatments formulated from pathogenic Vibrio lysates at two dilutions: [(T1) Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio alginolyticus 1D; (T2) V. parahaemolyticus and V. alginolyticus 7C]; minerals [(T3) PhA+SiT 7C], scorpion venom [(T4) ViT 31C]; and one control (C1) hydro-alcoholic solution (ethanol 1%). The RNA sequencing (RNAseq) analysis showed a higher modulation of differentially expressed genes (DEG) in mantle tissue compared to gill tissue. The scallops that showed a higher number of DEG related to immune response in mantle tissue corresponded to T1 (V. parahaemolyticus and V. alginolyticus lysate) and T3 (Silicea terra® - Phosphoric acid®). The transcriptome analysis allowed understanding some interactions between A. ventricosus juveniles and highly-diluted treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Antonio López-Carvallo
- Laboratorio Experimental de Cultivo de Moluscos, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, La Paz, México
| | - José Manuel Mazón-Suástegui
- Laboratorio Experimental de Cultivo de Moluscos, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, La Paz, México
| | - Miguel Ángel Hernández-Oñate
- CONACyT, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A.C, Hermosillo, Sonora, México
- * E-mail: (GFAO); (MAHO)
| | - Dariel Tovar-Ramírez
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Comparada y Genómica Funcional, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, La Paz, México
| | - Fernando Abasolo-Pacheco
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Técnica Estatal de Quevedo, Quevedo, Los Ríos, Ecuador
| | - Rosa María Morelos-Castro
- Laboratorio de Imunogenómica Marina, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, La Paz, México
| | - Guadalupe Fabiola Arcos-Ortega
- Laboratorio de Imunogenómica Marina, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, La Paz, México
- * E-mail: (GFAO); (MAHO)
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15
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El Menif E, Offret C, Labrie S, Beaulieu L. Identification of Peptides Implicated in Antibacterial Activity of Snow Crab Hepatopancreas Hydrolysates by a Bioassay-Guided Fractionation Approach Combined with Mass Spectrometry. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2020; 11:1023-1033. [PMID: 30443874 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-018-9484-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Snow crab (Chionoecetes opilio) by-products are a rich source of biomolecules, such as lipids, proteins, and chitin, which have not been extensively investigated. This study aims to identify antibacterial peptides to enhance the value of C. opilio by-products. After hydrolysis of different component parts using Protamex®, and concentration by solid-phase extraction, the resulting fractions were tested for antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Listeria innocua, and Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Hepatopancreas was the only tissue to display antibacterial activity detected using this protocol. Four fractions obtained with and without enzymatic hydrolysis of hepatopancreas followed by SPE C18 fractionation and elution with 50 and 80% acetonitrile demonstrated bacteriostatic activity against L. innocua HPB13, from concentrations of 0.30 to 43.05 mg/mL of peptides/proteins. Eleven peptides sharing at least 80% amino acid homology with four antimicrobial peptides were identified by mass spectrometry. Two peptides had homology to crustin-like and yellowfin tuna GAPDH antimicrobial peptides belonging to the marine organisms Penaeus monodon and Thunnus albacares, respectively. Other peptide sequence homologies were also identified: Odorranain-C7 from the frog Odorrana grahami and a predicted antibacterial peptide in the Asian ladybeetle Harmonia axyridis. These active peptides may represent a novel group of bioactive peptides deserving further investigation as food preservatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emna El Menif
- Institut sur la nutrition et les aliments fonctionnels (INAF), Département des Sciences des aliments, Université Laval, 2425 rue de l'Agriculture, Québec, G1V 0A6, Canada.,Collectif de Recherche Appliquée aux Bioprocédés et à la chimie de l'Environnement CRABE, Université du Québec à Rimouski, 300 allée des Ursulines, Rimouski, QC, G5L 3A1, Canada
| | - Clément Offret
- Institut sur la nutrition et les aliments fonctionnels (INAF), Département des Sciences des aliments, Université Laval, 2425 rue de l'Agriculture, Québec, G1V 0A6, Canada.,Collectif de Recherche Appliquée aux Bioprocédés et à la chimie de l'Environnement CRABE, Université du Québec à Rimouski, 300 allée des Ursulines, Rimouski, QC, G5L 3A1, Canada
| | - Steve Labrie
- Institut sur la nutrition et les aliments fonctionnels (INAF), Département des Sciences des aliments, Université Laval, 2425 rue de l'Agriculture, Québec, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Lucie Beaulieu
- Institut sur la nutrition et les aliments fonctionnels (INAF), Département des Sciences des aliments, Université Laval, 2425 rue de l'Agriculture, Québec, G1V 0A6, Canada. .,Collectif de Recherche Appliquée aux Bioprocédés et à la chimie de l'Environnement CRABE, Université du Québec à Rimouski, 300 allée des Ursulines, Rimouski, QC, G5L 3A1, Canada.
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16
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Du ZQ, Li B, Shen XL, Wang K, Du J, Yu XD, Yuan JJ. A new antimicrobial peptide isoform, Pc-crustin 4 involved in antibacterial innate immune response in fresh water crayfish, Procambarus clarkii. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 94:861-870. [PMID: 31585246 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The main advantage of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) used as the effectors in the innate immunity system of invertebrates is that the high specificity is not indispensable. And they play important roles in the systemic defenses against microbial invasion. In this study, a new full-length cDNA of the crustins molecule was identified in red swamp crayfish, P. clarkii (named Pc-crustin 4). The ORF of Pc-crustin 4 contained 369 bp which encoded a protein of 122 amino acids, with a 20-amino-acid signal peptide sequence. On the base of the classification method established by Smith et al., Pc-crustin 4 belonged to Type Ⅰ crustin molecule. The Pc-crustin 4 transcripts were expressed in hemocytes at relatively high level, and relatively low level in hepatopancreas, gills, and intestine in normal crayfish. After respectively challenged with S. aureus or E. ictaluri, the expression levels of Pc-crustin 4 showed up-regulation trends at different degrees in the hemocytes, hepatopancreas, gills, and intestine tissues. Besides, the results of liquid antibacterial assay showed that rPc-crustin 4 inhibited obviously the growth of S. aureus and E. ictaluri. The results of bacteria binding assay showed that rPc-crustin 4 could bind strongly to S. aureus and E. ictaluri. Finally, RNAi assay was performed to study the immunity roles of Pc-crustin 4 in crayfish in vivo. Taken together, Pc-crustin 4 is an important immunity effector molecule, which plays crucial roles in defending against bacterial infection in crayfish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Qiang Du
- Key Laboratory of Inshore Resources Biotechnology (Quanzhou Normal University) Fujian Province University, Quanzhou, 362000, China; School of Life Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, 014010, China
| | - Bo Li
- School of Life Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, 014010, China
| | - Xiu-Li Shen
- Library, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, 014010, China
| | - Kai Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, 014010, China
| | - Jie Du
- School of Life Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, 014010, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Yu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, 014010, China
| | - Jian-Jun Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Inshore Resources Biotechnology (Quanzhou Normal University) Fujian Province University, Quanzhou, 362000, China; College of Marine and Food Sciences, Quanzhou Normal University, Quanzhou, 362000, China.
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17
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Forsberg K, Woodworth K, Walters M, Berkow EL, Jackson B, Chiller T, Vallabhaneni S. Candida auris: The recent emergence of a multidrug-resistant fungal pathogen. Med Mycol 2019; 57:1-12. [PMID: 30085270 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myy054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Candida auris is an emerging multidrug-resistant yeast that causes serious invasive infections with high mortality. It was first discovered in 2009, and since then, individual cases or outbreaks have been reported from over 20 countries on five continents. Controlling C. auris is challenging for several reasons: (1) it is resistant to multiple classes of antifungals, (2) it can be misidentified as other yeasts by commonly available identification methods, and (3) because of its ability to colonize patients perhaps indefinitely and persist in the healthcare environment, it can spread between patients in healthcare settings. The transmissibility and high levels of antifungal resistance that are characteristic of C. auris set it apart from most other Candida species. A robust response that involves the laboratory, clinicians, and public health agencies is needed to identify and treat infections and prevent transmission. We review the global emergence, biology, challenges with laboratory identification, drug resistance, clinical manifestations, treatment, risk factors for infection, transmission, and control of C. auris.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlin Forsberg
- Mycotic Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.,IHRC, Inc., Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Kate Woodworth
- Division of Healthcare Quality and Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Maroya Walters
- Division of Healthcare Quality and Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Elizabeth L Berkow
- Mycotic Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Brendan Jackson
- Mycotic Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Tom Chiller
- Mycotic Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Snigdha Vallabhaneni
- Mycotic Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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18
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Jackson BR, Chow N, Forsberg K, Litvintseva AP, Lockhart SR, Welsh R, Vallabhaneni S, Chiller T. On the Origins of a Species: What Might Explain the Rise of Candida auris? J Fungi (Basel) 2019; 5:E58. [PMID: 31284576 PMCID: PMC6787658 DOI: 10.3390/jof5030058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Candida auris is an emerging multidrug-resistant yeast first described in 2009 that has since caused healthcare-associated outbreaks of severe human infections around the world. In some hospitals, it has become a leading cause of invasive candidiasis. C. auris is markedly different from most other pathogenic Candida species in its genetics, antifungal resistance, and ability to spread between patients. The reasons why this fungus began spreading widely in the last decade remain a mystery. We examine available data on C. auris and related species, including genomic epidemiology, phenotypic characteristics, and sites of detection, to put forth hypotheses on its possible origins. C. auris has not been detected in the natural environment; related species have been detected in in plants, insects, and aquatic environments, as well as from human body sites. It can tolerate hypersaline environments and higher temperatures than most Candida species. We explore hypotheses about the pre-emergence niche of C. auris, whether in the environmental or human microbiome, and speculate on factors that might have led to its spread, including the possible roles of healthcare, antifungal use, and environmental changes, including human activities that might have expanded its presence in the environment or caused increased human contact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendan R Jackson
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, Mycotic Diseases Branch, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA.
| | - Nancy Chow
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, Mycotic Diseases Branch, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Kaitlin Forsberg
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, Mycotic Diseases Branch, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
- IHRC, Inc., Atlanta, GA 30346, USA
| | - Anastasia P Litvintseva
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, Mycotic Diseases Branch, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Shawn R Lockhart
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, Mycotic Diseases Branch, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Rory Welsh
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, Mycotic Diseases Branch, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Snigdha Vallabhaneni
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, Prevention and Response Branch, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Tom Chiller
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, Mycotic Diseases Branch, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
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19
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Anbuchezian R, Ravichandran S, Karthick Rajan D, Tilivi S, Prabha Devi S. Identification and functional characterization of antimicrobial peptide from the marine crab Dromia dehaani. Microb Pathog 2018; 125:60-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2018.08.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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20
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Vu GH, Do D, Rivera CD, Dickinson PS, Christie AE, Stemmler EA. Characterization of the mature form of a β-defensin-like peptide, Hoa-D1, in the lobster Homarus americanus. Mol Immunol 2018; 101:329-343. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2018.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 06/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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21
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Rekha R, Vaseeharan B, Ishwarya R, Anjugam M, S. Alharbi N, Kadaikunnan S, Khaled JM, Al-anbr MN, Govindarajan M. Searching for crab-borne antimicrobial peptides: Crustin from Portunus pelagicus triggers biofilm inhibition and immune responses of Artemia salina against GFP tagged Vibrio parahaemolyticus Dahv2. Mol Immunol 2018; 101:396-408. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2018.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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22
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Li M, Ma C, Li H, Peng J, Zeng D, Chen X, Li C. Molecular cloning, expression, promoter analysis and functional characterization of a new Crustin from Litopenaeus vannamei. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 73:42-49. [PMID: 29208497 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are the most important players in the innate immune system, providing a principal first-line of defense against the invading pathogens. Crustin, a type of whey acidic protein (WAP) domain-containing and cationic cysteine-rich AMP, can function in a protease inhibition or an effector molecule manner. In the present study, a new Crustin was cloned and identified from Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei and designated as LvCrustinA. The full-length cDNA of LvCrustinA was 687 bp, with a 519 bp open reading frame (ORF) that encoded a peptide of 172 amino acids. Domain analysis indicated that LvCrustinA contained a Glycine-rich region in the N-terminal and a single WAP domain within eight cysteines in the C-terminal. The 5' upstream regulatory sequence of 1249 bp (promoter) was obtained using a genome walking method, and it contained several conserved transcription factors binding motifs including NF-κB, AP-1 and STAT (Signal transducers and activators of transcription). Dual-reporter assay showed that NF-κB transcription factors LvDorsal and LvRelish, and AP-1 transcription factor Lvc-Jun could up-regulate the promoter activity of LvCrustinA, suggesting that NF-κB and JNK-c-Jun pathways could be involved in regulating the expression of LvCrustinA. Moreover, LvCrustinA was abundantly expressed in immune related tissues such as gill, hemocyte and epithelium, and its expression was up-regulated in response to Vibrio parahaemolyticus and White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) challenges in gill tissue, suggesting that LvCrustinA could be involved in the host defense against bacterial and viral infection. Additionally, RNAi mediated knockdown of LvCrustinA resulted in shrimps with the higher cumulative mortality during V. parahaemolyticus and WSSV infection. Taken together, these results provided some insight into the expression and transcriptional regulatory role of LvCrustinA, and its defensive role against pathogenic infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genetic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Guangxi Institute of Fisheries, Nanning, PR China
| | - Chunxia Ma
- Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, PR China
| | - Haoyang Li
- Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Jinxia Peng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genetic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Guangxi Institute of Fisheries, Nanning, PR China
| | - Digang Zeng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genetic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Guangxi Institute of Fisheries, Nanning, PR China
| | - Xiaohan Chen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genetic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Guangxi Institute of Fisheries, Nanning, PR China.
| | - Chaozheng Li
- Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China.
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23
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Suleiman S, Smith VJ, Dyrynda EA. Unusual tissue distribution of carcinin, an antibacterial crustin, in the crab, Carcinus maenas, reveals its multi-functionality. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 76:274-284. [PMID: 28655578 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2017.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Crustins are whey acidic four-disulphide core (WFDSC) domain-containing proteins in decapods that are widely regarded as antimicrobial agents that contribute to host defence. Whilst there have been many analyses of crustin gene expression in tissues, few studies have been made of the distribution of the natural proteins. Here we report an immunostaining investigation of carcinin, a native crustin from Carcinus maenas, in the body organs. The results show that the protein is largely confined to the haemocytes with only a weak signal detected in the heart, hepatopancreas and midgut caecum where it is restricted to the outer surfaces. Importantly, carcinin was seen to be deposited by the haemocytes on these surfaces. Higher levels of staining were detected in the gonads with carcinin particularly abundant in the capsule of ovary as well as some oocytes. Conspicuous staining was further evident in the cuticle of the eyestalk peduncles. Ablation of the eyestalks resulted in a reduction of carcinin in the maturing ovary with the mature eggs rarely displaying a strong signal for the protein. Interestingly, the degree of carcinin also strongly increased in the healing peduncle, indicating that the protein may be associated with wounding, cell damage and/or tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne Suleiman
- Centre for Marine Biodiversity and Biotechnology, Institute of Life and Earth Sciences, Heriot Watt University, Edinburgh, Scotland EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
| | - Valerie J Smith
- Scottish Oceans Institute, School of Biology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife, Scotland KY16 8LB, United Kingdom.
| | - Elisabeth A Dyrynda
- Centre for Marine Biodiversity and Biotechnology, Institute of Life and Earth Sciences, Heriot Watt University, Edinburgh, Scotland EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
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Vargas-Albores F, Martínez-Porchas M. Crustins are distinctive members of the WAP-containing protein superfamily: An improved classification approach. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 76:9-17. [PMID: 28512012 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2017.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Revised: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Crustins are considered effector molecules of innate immunity in arthropods, and classification schemes have been proposed over the last 10 years. However, classification problems have emerged: for example, proteins that have been well identified as members of a particular category have also been classified as crustins. Therefore, the objective of this manuscript was to analyze and, based on solid arguments, improve the original proposed nomenclature to make crustins a distinctive group of antibacterial proteins. The presence of WAP or 4DSC domain has been considered a distinctive feature of crustins; however, several antibacterial proteins containing WAP domains have been detected in diverse taxonomic groups (including mammals). Here, we present evidence supporting the idea that the Cys-rich region and the 4DSC domain can be considered a signature of crustins and, together with some distance arrangements occurring within this 12-Cys region, yield enough information for the classification of these proteins. Herein, the core characteristics to be considered for classification purposes are the length of the Gly-rich region and the repetitive tetrapeptides occurring within this region; these characteristics are then hierarchically followed by the F and A distances located within the 4DSC domain. Finally, the proposed system considers the crustin signature as the common structure in all members, which is a differentiator from other proteins containing WAP domains, separating crustins as a well-distinguished member of the superfamily of WAP-domain containing proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Vargas-Albores
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A. C. Km 0.6 Carretera a La Victoria, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico.
| | - Marcel Martínez-Porchas
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A. C. Km 0.6 Carretera a La Victoria, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico
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Sun B, Wang Z, Zhu F. The crustin-like peptide plays opposite role in shrimp immune response to Vibrio alginolyticus and white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) infection. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 66:487-496. [PMID: 28546026 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.05.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Revised: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Crustin is an antimicrobial peptide (AMP) that plays a key role in innate immunity of crustaceans. In this study, we cloned the entire 660 bp crustin-like sequence with a 507 bp open reading frame encoding a 168 amino acid from Marsupenaeus japonicus. The crustin-like gene was primarily expressed in gills and over-expressed in shrimp hemocytes after challenge with WSSV or Vibrio alginolyticus. After knockdown crustin-like gene using specific double-stranded RNA (CRU-dsRNA), IMD, Rab7, L-lectin, mitogen-activated protein kinase, p53, prophenoloxidase and Rho were down-regulated and nitric oxide synthase, myosin and tumor necrosis factor-α were up-regulated in hemocytes at 24 h post dsRNA treatment. After WSSV challenge, The mortality, WSSV copy number and expressions of WSSV immediate early genes (IE1, IE2, DNA polymerase, VP28) were both decreased but the apoptosis rate was increased in CRU-dsRNA-treated shrimps, indicating that WSSV may take advantage of crustin-like to benefit its replication. After silenced the crustin-like, the results of phagocytosis showed that the phagocytic rate of shrimp hemocytes on WSSV decreased significantly. In contrast, the absence of crustin-like in shrimps increased the mortality following V. alginolyticus challenge, indicating that crustin-like may play a positive role in the antibacterial process. The phagocytosis experiment showed there was a higher phagocytosis rate of hemocytes after CRU-dsRNA treatment. The result indicated that V. alginolyticus may be able to use crustin-like to avoid phagocytosis of shrimp hemocytes. These results further added to our understanding of the function of crustin-like peptide and also provided its potential role in innate immunity in shrimp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baozhen Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Zhi Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Fei Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China.
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Hauton C. Recent progress toward the identification of anti-viral immune mechanisms in decapod crustaceans. J Invertebr Pathol 2017; 147:111-117. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2017.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Revised: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Huang Y, Han K, Wang W, Ren Q. Host MicroRNA-217 Promotes White Spot Syndrome Virus Infection by Targeting Tube in the Chinese Mitten Crab ( Eriocheir sinensis). Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2017; 7:164. [PMID: 28523250 PMCID: PMC5415573 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2017.00164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs), a group of small molecule non-encoding RNAs, are key post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression that are implicated in many biological processes. In the current study, miR-217 from Eriocheir sinensis was selected for studying its roles during host-virus interaction. Overexpression or silencing of miR-217 led to considerable effects on white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) replication, implying that miR-217 played a positive role in WSSV infection. In insect High Five cells, miR-217 significantly inhibited Tube gene expression by binding to the 3'-untranslated region of the Tube. Overexpression of miR-217 in crab led to downregulation of tube expression. Knockdown of Tube in vivo led to significant enhancement of WSSV infection and inhibited the expression of five antimicrobial peptide (AMP) genes (Anti-lipopolysaccharide factor ALF1, ALF2, ALF3; Crustin Crus1, Crus2) in WSSV-challenged crabs. Overexpression of miR-217 also led to downregulation of these AMP genes in WSSV-challenged crabs. Our results showed that host miRNA played positive roles in virus infection by regulation of host tube gene, which is the key component of Toll signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Huang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Aquatic Crustacean Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Keke Han
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Aquatic Crustacean Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Wen Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Aquatic Crustacean Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Qian Ren
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Aquatic Crustacean Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal UniversityNanjing, China.,Co-Innovation Center for Marine Bio-Industry Technology of Jiangsu ProvinceLianyungang, China
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Feng J, Zhao L, Jin M, Li T, Wu L, Chen Y, Ren Q. Toll receptor response to white spot syndrome virus challenge in giant freshwater prawns (Macrobrachium rosenbergii). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 57:148-159. [PMID: 27542619 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2016.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Revised: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/07/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Toll receptors are evolutionary ancient families of pattern recognition receptors with crucial roles in invertebrate innate immune response. In this study, we identified a Toll receptor (MrToll) from giant freshwater prawns (Macrobrachium rosenbergii). The full-length cDNA of MrToll is 4257 bp, which encodes a putative protein of 1367 amino acids. MrToll contains 17 LRR domains, a transmembrane domain, and a TIR domain. Phylogenetic analysis showed that MrToll was grouped with Drosophila Toll7 and other arthropod Tolls. The transcripts of MrToll are mainly distributed in the heart, hepatopancreas, gills, stomach, and intestine. A low level of MrToll expression can be detected in hemocytes and the lymphoid organ. MrToll expression in gills was gradually upregulated to the highest level from 24 h to 48 h during the white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) challenge. The expression levels of the crustin (Cru) genes Cru3 and Cru7 in gills were relatively lower than those of Cru2 and Cru4. The expression levels of Cru3 and Cru7 were inhibited after the RNA interference of MrToll in gills during the WSSV challenge. The anti-lipopolysaccharide factor (ALF) genes ALF2, ALF3, ALF4, and ALF5 were also regulated by MrToll in gills during the virus challenge. These findings suggest that MrToll may contribute to the innate immune defense of M. rosenbergii against WSSV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinling Feng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity & Biotechnology and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Aquatic Crustacean Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Lingling Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity & Biotechnology and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Aquatic Crustacean Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Min Jin
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Marine Genetic Resource, Third Institute of Oceanography, SOA, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Tingting Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity & Biotechnology and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Aquatic Crustacean Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Lei Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity & Biotechnology and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Aquatic Crustacean Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Yihong Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Safety/State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Qian Ren
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity & Biotechnology and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Aquatic Crustacean Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210046, China.
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Thomas A, Sudheer NS, Kiron V, Bright Singh IS, Narayanan RB. Expression profile of key immune-related genes in Penaeus monodon juveniles after oral administration of recombinant envelope protein VP28 of white spot syndrome virus. Microb Pathog 2016; 96:72-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2016.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Revised: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Rao R, Bhassu S, Bing RZY, Alinejad T, Hassan SS, Wang J. A transcriptome study on Macrobrachium rosenbergii hepatopancreas experimentally challenged with white spot syndrome virus (WSSV). J Invertebr Pathol 2016; 136:10-22. [PMID: 26880158 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2016.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Revised: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The world production of shrimp such as the Malaysian giant freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii is seriously affected by the white spot syndrome virus (WSSV). There is an urgent need to understand the host pathogen interaction between M. rosenbergii and WSSV which will be able to provide a solution in controlling the spread of this infectious disease and lastly save the aquaculture industry. Now, using Next Generation Sequencing (NGS), we will be able to capture the response of the M. rosenbergii to the pathogen and have a better understanding of the host defence mechanism. Two cDNA libraries, one of WSSV-challenged M. rosenbergii and a normal control one, were sequenced using the Illumina HiSeq™ 2000 platform. After de novo assembly and clustering of the unigenes from both libraries, 63,584 standard unigenes were generated with a mean size of 698bp and an N50 of 1137bp. We successfully annotated 35.31% of all unigenes by using BLASTX program (E-value <10-5) against NCBI non-redundant (Nr), Swiss-Prot, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genome pathway (KEGG) and Orthologous Groups of proteins (COG) databases. Gene Ontology (GO) assessment was conducted using BLAST2GO software. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) by using the FPKM method showed 8443 host genes were significantly up-regulated whereas 5973 genes were significantly down-regulated. The differentially expressed immune related genes were grouped into 15 animal immune functions. The present study showed that WSSV infection has a significant impact on the transcriptome profile of M. rosenbergii's hepatopancreas, and further enhanced the knowledge of this host-virus interaction. Furthermore, the high number of transcripts generated in this study will provide a platform for future genomic research on freshwater prawns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rama Rao
- Animal Genetics and Evolutionary Biology Laboratory and Terra-Aqua Lab, Centre for Research in Biotechnology for Agriculture (CEBAR), Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Subha Bhassu
- Animal Genetics and Evolutionary Biology Laboratory and Terra-Aqua Lab, Centre for Research in Biotechnology for Agriculture (CEBAR), Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Robin Zhu Ya Bing
- Beijing Genomics Institute, Shenzhen, 11th Floor, Main Building, Beishan, Industrial Zone, Yantian District, Shenzhen 518083, China.
| | - Tahereh Alinejad
- Animal Genetics and Evolutionary Biology Laboratory and Terra-Aqua Lab, Centre for Research in Biotechnology for Agriculture (CEBAR), Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Sharifah Syed Hassan
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Building 3, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
| | - Jun Wang
- Animal Genetics and Evolutionary Biology Laboratory and Terra-Aqua Lab, Centre for Research in Biotechnology for Agriculture (CEBAR), Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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31
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Yu AQ, Shi YH, Wang Q. Characterisation of a novel Type I crustin involved in antibacterial and antifungal responses in the red claw crayfish, Cherax quadricarinatus. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 48:30-38. [PMID: 26584757 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2015.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Revised: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/08/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides are important immune effectors involved in mediating innate immune responses against intruding pathogens. Here, we successfully isolated and characterized a novel Type I crustin from the red claw crayfish Cherax quadricarinatus. The full-length cDNA encoded by this gene, designated CqCrs, comprised 608 bp, containing a 5'-untranslated region (UTR) of 55 bp, a 3'-UTR of 229 bp with a poly (A) tail, and an open reading frame (ORF) of 324 bp encoding a polypeptide of 107 amino acids. The deduced amino acid sequence of CqCrs exhibited a configuration typical of other crustacean Type I crustin orthologs, including one signal peptide region at the N-terminus between residues 1 and 16 and a long whey acidic protein (WAP) domain at the C-terminus between residues 60 and 107, along with a WAP-type "four-disulfide core" motif. Phylogenetic analysis showed that CqCrs was clustered first with other crustacean Type I crustins, then with other crustacean Type II crustins, and finally with other crustacean Type III crustins. Transcription of CqCrs was detected in all tissues, especially in immune tissues and was differentially induced in hemocytes post-stimulation with β-1, 3-glucan, lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and peptidoglycans (PG) at selected time-points. To clarify the biological activity of CqCrs, the recombinant CqCrs protein (rCqCrs) was constructed and expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3). Purified rCqCrs bound to diverse bacteria and inhibited the growth of different microbes to varying degrees. These findings suggest that CqCrs is involved in a specific innate immune recognition and defense mechanisms against bacterial and fungal in C. quadricarinatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai-Qing Yu
- Shanghai Fisheries Research Institute, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yong-Hai Shi
- Shanghai Fisheries Research Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Qun Wang
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.
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Molecular Characterization and Antibacterial Activity Analysis of Two Novel Penaeidin Isoforms from Pacific White Shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2015; 177:1607-20. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-015-1840-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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33
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Wilson W, Lowman D, Antony SP, Puthumana J, Bright Singh IS, Philip R. Immune gene expression profile of Penaeus monodon in response to marine yeast glucan application and white spot syndrome virus challenge. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 43:346-356. [PMID: 25555812 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2014.12.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2014] [Revised: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Immunostimulant potential of eight marine yeast glucans (YG) from Candida parapsilosis R20, Hortaea werneckii R23, Candida spencermartinsiae R28, Candida haemulonii R63, Candida oceani R89, Debaryomyces fabryi R100, Debaryomyces nepalensis R305 and Meyerozyma guilliermondii R340 were tested against WSSV challenge in Penaeus monodon post larvae (PL). Structural characterization of these marine yeast glucans by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) indicated structures containing (1-6)-branched (1-3)-β-D-glucan. PL were fed 0.2% glucan incorporated diet once in seven days for a period of 45 days and the animals were challenged with white spot syndrome virus (WSSV). The immunostimulatory activity of yeast glucans were assessed pre- and post-challenge WSSV by analysing the expression profile of six antimicrobial peptide (AMP) genes viz., anti-lipopolysaccharide factor (ALF), crustin-1, crustin-2, crustin-3, penaeidin-3 and penaeidin-5 and 13 immune genes viz., alpha-2-macroglobulin (α-2-M), astakine, caspase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione-s-transferase, haemocyanin, peroxinectin, pmCathepsinC, prophenol oxidase (proPO), Rab-7, superoxide dismutase and transglutaminase. Expression of seven WSSV genes viz., DNA polymerase, endonuclease, protein kinase, immediate early gene, latency related gene, thymidine kinase and VP28 were also analysed to detect the presence and intensity of viral infection in the experimental animals post-challenge. The study revealed that yeast glucans (YG) do possess immunostimulatory activity against WSSV and also supported higher survival (40-70 %) post-challenge WSSV. Among the various glucans tested, YG23 showed maximum survival (70.27%), followed by YG20 (66.66%), YG28 (60.97%), YG89 (58.53%), YG100 (54.05%), YG63 (48.64%), YG305 (45.7%) and YG340 (43.24%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilsy Wilson
- Department of Marine Biology, Microbiology and Biochemistry, School of Marine Sciences, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Fine Arts Avenue, Kochi-16, Kerala, India
| | - Douglas Lowman
- AppRidge International, LLC, 1328 Barkley Road, Telford, TN, 37690-2235, USA
| | - Swapna P Antony
- Department of Marine Biology, Microbiology and Biochemistry, School of Marine Sciences, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Fine Arts Avenue, Kochi-16, Kerala, India; National Center for Aquatic Animal Health, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Fine Arts Avenue, Kochi-16, Kerala, India
| | - Jayesh Puthumana
- Department of Marine Biology, Microbiology and Biochemistry, School of Marine Sciences, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Fine Arts Avenue, Kochi-16, Kerala, India
| | - I S Bright Singh
- National Center for Aquatic Animal Health, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Fine Arts Avenue, Kochi-16, Kerala, India
| | - Rosamma Philip
- Department of Marine Biology, Microbiology and Biochemistry, School of Marine Sciences, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Fine Arts Avenue, Kochi-16, Kerala, India.
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Syed Musthaq SK, Kwang J. Reprint of "evolution of specific immunity in shrimp - a vaccination perspective against white spot syndrome virus". DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 48:342-353. [PMID: 25083808 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2014.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2014] [Revised: 04/11/2014] [Accepted: 04/21/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Invertebrates lack true adaptive immunity and it solely depends on the primitive immunity called innate immunity. However, various innate immune molecules and mechanisms are identified in shrimp that plays potential role against invading bacterial, fungal and viral pathogens. Perceiving the shrimp innate immune mechanisms will contribute in developing effective vaccine strategies against major shrimp pathogens. Hence this review intends to explore the innate immune molecules of shrimp with suitable experimental evidences together with the evolution of "specific immune priming" of invertebrates. In addition, we have emphasized on the development of an effective vaccine strategy against major shrimp pathogen, white spot syndrome virus (WSSV). The baculovirus displayed rVP28 (Bac-VP28), a major envelope protein of WSSV was utilized to study its vaccine efficacy by oral route. A significant advantage of this baculovirus expression cassette is the use of WSSV-immediate early 1 (ie1) promoter that derived the abundant expression of rVP28 protein at the early stage of the infection in insect cell. The orally vaccinated shrimp with Bac-VP28 transduced successfully in the shrimp cells as well as provided highest survival rate. In support to our vaccine efficacy we analysed Pattern Recognition Proteins (PRPs) β-1,3 glucan lipopolysaccharides (LGBP) and STAT gene profiles in the experimental shrimp. Indeed, the vaccination of shrimp with Bac-VP28 demonstrated some degree of specificity with enhanced survival rate when compared to control vaccination with Bac-wt. Hence it is presumed that the concept of "specific immune priming" in relevant to shrimp immunity is possible but may not be common to all shrimp pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Khader Syed Musthaq
- Animal Health Biotechnology, Temasek Lifesciences Laboratory, 1 Research Link, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117604, Singapore
| | - Jimmy Kwang
- Animal Health Biotechnology, Temasek Lifesciences Laboratory, 1 Research Link, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117604, Singapore; Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
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35
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Tassanakajon A, Somboonwiwat K, Amparyup P. Sequence diversity and evolution of antimicrobial peptides in invertebrates. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 48:324-341. [PMID: 24950415 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2014.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Revised: 05/29/2014] [Accepted: 05/31/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are evolutionarily ancient molecules that act as the key components in the invertebrate innate immunity against invading pathogens. Several AMPs have been identified and characterized in invertebrates, and found to display considerable diversity in their amino acid sequence, structure and biological activity. AMP genes appear to have rapidly evolved, which might have arisen from the co-evolutionary arms race between host and pathogens, and enabled organisms to survive in different microbial environments. Here, the sequence diversity of invertebrate AMPs (defensins, cecropins, crustins and anti-lipopolysaccharide factors) are presented to provide a better understanding of the evolution pattern of these peptides that play a major role in host defense mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anchalee Tassanakajon
- Center of Excellence for Molecular Biology and Genomics of Shrimp, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
| | - Kunlaya Somboonwiwat
- Center of Excellence for Molecular Biology and Genomics of Shrimp, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Piti Amparyup
- Center of Excellence for Molecular Biology and Genomics of Shrimp, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), 113 Paholyothin Road, Klong 1, Klong Luang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
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Syed Musthaq SK, Kwang J. Evolution of specific immunity in shrimp - a vaccination perspective against white spot syndrome virus. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 46:279-290. [PMID: 24780624 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2014.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2014] [Revised: 04/11/2014] [Accepted: 04/21/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Invertebrates lack true adaptive immunity and it solely depends on the primitive immunity called innate immunity. However, various innate immune molecules and mechanisms are identified in shrimp that plays potential role against invading bacterial, fungal and viral pathogens. Perceiving the shrimp innate immune mechanisms will contribute in developing effective vaccine strategies against major shrimp pathogens. Hence this review intends to explore the innate immune molecules of shrimp with suitable experimental evidences together with the evolution of "specific immune priming" of invertebrates. In addition, we have emphasized on the development of an effective vaccine strategy against major shrimp pathogen, white spot syndrome virus (WSSV). The baculovirus displayed rVP28 (Bac-VP28), a major envelope protein of WSSV was utilized to study its vaccine efficacy by oral route. A significant advantage of this baculovirus expression cassette is the use of WSSV-immediate early 1 (ie1) promoter that derived the abundant expression of rVP28 protein at the early stage of the infection in insect cell. The orally vaccinated shrimp with Bac-VP28 transduced successfully in the shrimp cells as well as provided highest survival rate. In support to our vaccine efficacy we analysed Pattern Recognition Proteins (PRPs) β-1,3 glucan lipopolysaccharides (LGBP) and STAT gene profiles in the experimental shrimp. Indeed, the vaccination of shrimp with Bac-VP28 demonstrated some degree of specificity with enhanced survival rate when compared to control vaccination with Bac-wt. Hence it is presumed that the concept of "specific immune priming" in relevant to shrimp immunity is possible but may not be common to all shrimp pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Khader Syed Musthaq
- Animal Health Biotechnology, Temasek Lifesciences Laboratory, 1 Research Link, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117604, Singapore
| | - Jimmy Kwang
- Animal Health Biotechnology, Temasek Lifesciences Laboratory, 1 Research Link, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117604, Singapore; Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
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Hipolito SG, Shitara A, Kondo H, Hirono I. Role of Marsupenaeus japonicus crustin-like peptide against Vibrio penaeicida and white spot syndrome virus infection. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 46:461-469. [PMID: 24929027 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2014.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Revised: 06/03/2014] [Accepted: 06/04/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Crustins are important AMP that has been identified in crustaceans. In this study, the role of Marsupenaeus japonicus crustin-like peptide (MjCRS) was examined in vivo by RNA interference (RNAi) using double-stranded RNA (dsRNA). Tissue expression analysis revealed that MjCRS transcripts are expressed in different tissues tested with the highest expression observed in hemocytes. Treatment with double-stranded RNA specific to MjCRS led to a significant reduction of MjCRS transcripts within the hemocytes. When MjCRS was silenced and subsequently infected with Vibrio penaeicida final mortality was significantly higher compared with PBS and dsGFP treated groups. On the other hand, final mortalities of MjCRS silenced and PBS injected groups were not significantly different after infection with white spot virus, however, both are significantly higher compared with dsGFP treated group. V. penaeicida infection significantly decreased MjCRS expression at 3, 6, 12 and 24h followed by significant increase at 48 h post-infection. On the contrary, white spot infection significantly increased MjCRS expression at 6 and 12h and decreased at 48 h post-infection. dsRNA treatment alone decreased total hemocyte counts (THCs) and subsequent V. penaeicida or white spot virus infection further decreased THCs. VP28 gene expression was both similarly increased in PBS injected group and MjCRS silenced group at 24 and 48 h-post infection. Results suggest that MjCRS is involved in antibacterial defense and might not have critical function against viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheryll Grospe Hipolito
- Graduate School of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Konan 4-5-7, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8477, Japan
| | - Aiko Shitara
- Graduate School of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Konan 4-5-7, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8477, Japan
| | - Hidehiro Kondo
- Graduate School of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Konan 4-5-7, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8477, Japan
| | - Ikuo Hirono
- Graduate School of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Konan 4-5-7, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8477, Japan.
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Maeda M, Shibata A, Biswas G, Korenaga H, Kono T, Itami T, Sakai M. Isolation of lactic acid bacteria from kuruma shrimp (Marsupenaeus japonicus) intestine and assessment of immunomodulatory role of a selected strain as probiotic. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2014; 16:181-192. [PMID: 24045901 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-013-9532-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2012] [Accepted: 09/03/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Fifty-one lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains were isolated and identified based on 16S ribosomal DNA sequence from the intestinal tracts of 142 kuruma shrimps (Marsupenaeus japonicus) collected from Kanmon Strait, Fukuoka and Tachibana Bay, Nagasaki, Japan. Cellular immunomodulatory function of 51 isolated LAB strains was assessed by measuring the level of interferon (IFN)-γ induction in mouse spleen cell culture. The strain Lactococcus lactis D1813 exhibited the highest amount of IFN-γ production and also bactericidal activity and was selected for testing its immunomodulatory role as a probiotic in kuruma shrimp. We also assessed the effect of dietary incorporation of this probiotic on resistance to Vibrio penaeicida infection in the kuruma shrimp. Our results demonstrate that probiotic L. lactis D1813-containing diet-fed (10⁵ cfu g⁻¹) shrimps displayed a significant up-regulation of lysozyme gene expressions in the intestine and hepatopancreas. However, insignificantly higher expression of anti-lipopolysaccharide factor, super oxide dismutase, prophenoloxidase, and toll-like receptor 1 was recorded in the intestine of shrimps fed the probiotic diet. Moreover, significantly increased (P < 0.01) resistance to the bacterial pathogen in term of better post-infection survival (61.7 %) was observed in the shrimps fed with the probiotic-incorporated diet compared with the control diet-fed group (28.3 %). The present study indicates the immunomodulatory role of the LAB L. lactis D1813 on the kuruma shrimp immune system and supports its potential use as an effective probiotic in shrimp aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Maeda
- Kyushu Medical Co., Ltd., 13-4 Ohte-machi, Kokurakita-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, 803-0814, Japan
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Sun Y, Li F, Sun Z, Zhang X, Li S, Zhang C, Xiang J. Transcriptome analysis of the initial stage of acute WSSV infection caused by temperature change. PLoS One 2014; 9:e90732. [PMID: 24595043 PMCID: PMC3942461 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0090732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2013] [Accepted: 02/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) is the most devastating virosis threatening the shrimp culture industry worldwide. Variations of environmental factors in shrimp culture ponds usually lead to the outbreak of white spot syndrome (WSS). In order to know the molecular mechanisms of WSS outbreak induced by temperature variation and the biological changes of the host at the initial stage of WSSV acute infection, RNA-Seq technology was used to analyze the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in shrimp with a certain amount of WSSV cultured at 18°C and shrimp whose culture temperature were raised to 25°C. To analyze whether the expression changes of the DEGs were due to temperature rising or WSSV proliferation, the expression of selected DEGs was analyzed by real-time PCR with another shrimp group, namely Group T, as control. Group T didn't suffer WSSV infection but was subjected to temperature rising in parallel. At the initial stage of WSSV acute infection, DEGs related to energy production were up-regulated, whereas most DEGs related to cell cycle and positive regulation of cell death and were down-regulated. Triose phosphate isomerase, enolase and alcohol dehydrogenase involved in glycosis were up-regulated, while pyruvate dehydrogenase, citrate synthase and isocitrate dehydrogenase with NAD as the coenzyme involved in TCA pathway were down-regulated. Also genes involved in host DNA replication, including DNA primase, DNA topoisomerase and DNA polymerase showed down-regulated expression. Several interesting genes including crustin genes, acting binding or inhibiting protein genes, a disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 9 (ADAM9) gene and a GRP 78 gene were also analyzed. Understanding the interactions between hosts and WSSV at the initial stage of acute infection will not only help to get a deep insight into the pathogenesis of WSSV but also provide clues for therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumiao Sun
- Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Fuhua Li
- Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Zheng Sun
- Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaojun Zhang
- Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Shihao Li
- Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Chengsong Zhang
- Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Jianhai Xiang
- Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
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40
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Shekhar MS, Kiruthika J, Ponniah AG. Identification and expression analysis of differentially expressed genes from shrimp (Penaeus monodon) in response to low salinity stress. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 35:1957-1968. [PMID: 24436977 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2013.09.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Four suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) cDNA libraries were constructed to identify differentially expressed salinity stress responsive genes of black tiger shrimp, Penaeus monodon exposed to low (3 ppt) salinity conditions. Forward and reverse SSH cDNA libraries were developed from the gill and gut tissues of shrimp and clones having inserts larger than 300 bp were unidirectionally sequenced. Based on the sequence homology search, the identified genes were categorized for their putative functions related to a wide range of biological roles, such as nucleic acid regulation and replication, immune response, energy and metabolism, cell signaling, cellular process, cytoskeleton and membrane structure, stress and osmoregulation. Gene expression levels in response to low salinity conditions at 2 weeks post salinity stress of thirteen selected differentially expressed genes identified from SSH cDNA libraries (14-3-3 like protein, crust in, lysozyme, arginine kinase, Naþ/Kþ-ATPase a-subunit, intracellular fatty acid binding protein, cathepsin B, anti-lipopolysaccharide factor, ferritin, ubiquitin conjugating enzyme E2, calreticulin, innexin 2 and heat shock protein 21) were analyzed by RT-PCR. The highest gene expression levels were observed for Naþ/Kþ-ATPase a-subunit (34.28-folds) in gill tissues, intracellular fatty acid binding protein (13.30-folds) in gut tissues and innexin 2 (14.43-folds) in muscle tissues respectively. The differential and significant levels of gene expression indicate the functional role of these genes in shrimp salinity stress adaptive mechanisms.
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Rungrassamee W, Maibunkaew S, Karoonuthaisiri N, Jiravanichpaisal P. Application of bacterial lipopolysaccharide to improve survival of the black tiger shrimp after Vibrio harveyi exposure. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 41:257-62. [PMID: 23751331 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2013.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2013] [Revised: 05/29/2013] [Accepted: 05/30/2013] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates an effect of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) as feed supplement to improve immunity of the black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon). LPS was coated to commercial feed pellets and given to the shrimp once or twice a day for 10 days before an exposure with shrimp pathogenic bacterium Vibrio harveyi. The growth rates, percent weight gains, total hemocyte and granulocyte counts and survival rates of shrimp between the LPS-coated pellet fed groups and a control group where shrimp fed with commercial feed pellets were compared. After 10 days of the feeding trials, growth rates were not significantly different in all groups, suggesting no toxicity from LPS supplement. To determine beneficial effect of LPS diets, each group was subsequently exposed to V. harveyi by immersion method and the survival rates were recorded for seven days after the immersion. Regardless of the dosages of LPS, the shrimp groups fed with LPS-coated pellets showed higher survival rates than the control group. There was no significant difference in survival rates between the two LPS dosages groups. In addition to survival under pathogen challenge, we also determine effect of LPS on immune-related genes after 10-day feeding trial. Gene expression analysis in the P. monodon intestines revealed that antilipopolysaccharide factor isoform 3 (ALF3), C-type lectin, and mucine-like peritrophin (mucin-like PM) were expressed significantly higher in a group fed with LPS supplemental diet once or twice a day than in a control group. The transcript levels of C-type lectin and mucin-like PM had increased significantly when LPS was given once a day, while significant induction of ALF3 transcripts was observed when shrimp were fed with LPS twice a day. The up-regulation of the immune gene levels in intestines and higher resistance to V. harveyi of the shrimp fed with LPS provide the evidence for potential application of LPS as an immunostimulant in P. monodon farming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanilada Rungrassamee
- Microarray Laboratory, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, 113 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand.
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42
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Zeng Y. Procambarin: a glycine-rich peptide found in the haemocytes of red swamp crayfish Procambarus clarkii and its response to white spot syndrome virus challenge. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 35:407-412. [PMID: 23685011 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2013.04.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2013] [Revised: 03/30/2013] [Accepted: 04/29/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We cloned a novel glycine-rich peptide, procambarin, from the haemocytes of unchallenged crayfish Procambarus clarkii. The mature peptide (155 residues) has a13.44 KDa molecular mass with a theoretical pI about 12.12. It is characterized by a high level of glycine (57.42%) and a threefold repeated motif GLKPNVGGGGGFGGG. Generally, it belongs to cationic glycine-rich peptide. The transcripts of this peptide were detected in many tissues. The haemocytes showed the highest expression of glycine-rich peptide mRNA, followed by the ovaries, antennal gland and intestine. The gill, hepatopancreas and heart showed little expression of this peptide and no expression was detected in the musculature. There is no intron in the ORF of it. The fluctuation of mRNA expression level of procambarin after WSSV challenge indicates that this peptide participates in the antiviral immune reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zeng
- College of Life Science, Yantai University, 32 Qingquan Road, Shandong 264005, PR China.
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43
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Andriantahina F, Liu X, Feng T, Xiang J. Current status of genetics and genomics of reared penaeid shrimp: information relevant to access and benefit sharing. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2013; 15:399-412. [PMID: 23529408 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-013-9500-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2012] [Accepted: 01/16/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
At present, research and progress in shrimp genomics and genetics show significant developments. Shrimp genetics and genomics also show immense potential for an increased production in a way that meets shrimp culture progress goals for the third millennium. This review article aims to provide an overview of its current status and future direction, discusses questions that need focused research to address them, and summarizes areas where genetics and genomics knowledge can make a positive difference to shrimp culture sustainability. Sustainable progress of penaeid shrimps will depend upon feasible solutions for environmental, research, economic, consumer problems, proper development, and planning policy enforcement. It is recommended that increased funding for biotechnology research and progress be directed to expand worldwide commercial shrimp culture and address environmental and public health issues. For any researcher or shrimp company member who has attempted to or whom would like to thoroughly search the literature to gain a complete understanding of the current state of shrimp genetics and genomics, this publication will be an invaluable source of reference materials, some of which is reported here for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farafidy Andriantahina
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, Yangling Shaanxi 712100, China
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44
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Babu DT, Antony SP, Joseph SP, Bright AR, Philip R. Marine yeast Candida aquaetextoris S527 as a potential immunostimulant in black tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon. J Invertebr Pathol 2013; 112:243-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2012.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2012] [Revised: 12/05/2012] [Accepted: 12/07/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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45
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Leelatanawit R, Klanchui A, Uawisetwathana U, Karoonuthaisiri N. Validation of reference genes for real-time PCR of reproductive system in the black tiger shrimp. PLoS One 2012; 7:e52677. [PMID: 23285145 PMCID: PMC3532477 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0052677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2012] [Accepted: 11/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene expression of reproductive system of the black tiger shrimp (Peneaus monodon) has been widely studied to address poor maturation problem in captivity. However, a systematic evaluation of reference genes in quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) for P. monodon reproductive organs is lacking. In this study, the stability of four potential reference genes (18s rRNA, GAPDH, β-actin, and EF1-α) was examined in the reproductive tissues in various conditions using bioinformatic tools: NormFinder and geNorm. For NormFinder, EF1-α and GAPDH ranked first and second as the most stable genes in testis groups whereas GAPDH and EF1-α were for ovaries from wild-caught broodstock and domesticated groups. EF1-α and β-actin ranked first and second for the eyestalk ablated ovaries. For geNorm, EF1-α and GAPDH had the best stability in all testis and ovaries from domesticated groups whereas EF1-α and β-actin were the best for ovaries from wild-caught and eyestalk ablated groups. Moreover, the expression levels of two well-known reproductive genes, Dmc1 and Vitellogenin, were used to validate these reference genes. When normalized to EF1-α, the expected expression patterns were obtained in all cases. Therefore, this work suggests that EF1-α is more versatile as reference genes in qPCR analysis for reproductive system in P. monodon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rungnapa Leelatanawit
- Microarray Laboratory, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Klong Luang, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Amornpan Klanchui
- Microarray Laboratory, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Klong Luang, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Umaporn Uawisetwathana
- Microarray Laboratory, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Klong Luang, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Nitsara Karoonuthaisiri
- Microarray Laboratory, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Klong Luang, Pathumthani, Thailand
- * E-mail:
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46
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Adaptive evolution of crustin antimicrobial peptides in decapods. Genetica 2012; 140:197-203. [DOI: 10.1007/s10709-012-9671-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2012] [Accepted: 08/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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47
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The scope of the crustacean immune system for disease control. J Invertebr Pathol 2012; 110:251-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2012.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2011] [Accepted: 12/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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48
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Ren Q, Li M, Zhang CY, Chen KP. Six defensins from the triangle-shell pearl mussel Hyriopsis cumingii. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2011; 31:1232-1238. [PMID: 21839173 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2011.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2011] [Revised: 07/10/2011] [Accepted: 07/14/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are the first line of defense of invertebrates against invading pathogens. Defensins, unique AMPs, have a cysteine-stabilized α-helix and β-sheet (CSαβ) motif. In invertebrates, defensins have been reported in arthropods and mussels. Recently, six defensins were identified from Hyriopsis cumingii for the first time, and were designated as HcDef1, HcDef2, HcDef3, HcDef4, HcDef5, and HcDef6. HcDef1 and HcDef2 encode a protein containing 61 and 60 amino acids, respectively. HcDef3, HcDef4, and HcDef6 have 65 amino acids each. HcDef5 is longer than the other five defensins, comprising 83 amino acids. HcDef3 and HcDef4 have three pairs of disulfide bonds. HcDef1, HcDef5, and HcDef6 are exceptions; each has four pairs of disulfide bonds. Evolutionary analysis revealed that only purifying selection and no positive selection could be detected in defensin genes; purifying selection might be the major evolutionary driving force in the evolution of defensin genes. The present study reveals for the first time that the defensins from H. cumingii are diverse and phylogenetic analysis showed that these 6 defensins from H. cumingii were clustered into one group. Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis showed that HcDef1-HcDef4 could be detected in the hepatopancreas and gills whereas HcDef5-HcDef6 could only be detected in gills. In addition, the expression levels of HcDef2, HcDef3, and HcDef5 in H. cumingii with pearls were higher than that in H. cumingii without pearls. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis showed that HcDef1, HcDef2, HcDef3, and HcDef5 were downregulated by Vibrio anguillarum challenge whereas HcDef4 and HcDef6 were upregulated under Vibrio challenge. Our results suggest the roles of defensins in the innate immunity of H. cumingii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Ren
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, 27 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China.
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49
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Peng H, Liu HP, Chen B, Hao H, Wang KJ. Optimized production of scygonadin in Pichia pastoris and analysis of its antimicrobial and antiviral activities. Protein Expr Purif 2011; 82:37-44. [PMID: 22108619 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2011.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2011] [Revised: 11/07/2011] [Accepted: 11/07/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The crab antimicrobial peptide scygonadin is confirmed to have antimicrobial activity against bacteria and it is probably associated with the reproductive immunity in Scylla paramamosain. To obtain large quantity of scygonadin for further biological assays, a 306 bp cDNA sequence encoding the mature peptide of scygonadin was cloned into a secretion vector of pPIC9K, and a high-level of the recombinant scygonadin was achieved in Pichia pastoris. The optimal expression condition was determined as incubation with 0.5% methanol for 48 h at 28 °C under pH 6.0, and a total of 70 mg scygonadin was expressed in 1L culture medium. The recombinant product was purified and 97% pure scygonadin was obtained using immobilized metal affinity chromatography with a yield of 46 mg/L. The recombinant scygonadin was confirmed using SDS-PAGE analysis and MS-fingerprinting. P. pastoris-derived scygonadin exhibited relatively higher antimicrobial activities against bacteria than Escherichia coli-derived scygonadin. The antimicrobial activity of the recombinant scygonadin against pathogenic Aeromonas hydrophila showed salt resistant and the killing kinetics of A. hydrophila was time dependent. Besides, the antiviral assay demonstrated that scygonadin could interfere with white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) replication in vitro-cultured crayfish haematopoietic (Hpt) cells. Taken together, this is the first report on the heterologous expression of scygonadin in P. pastoris, and P. pastoris is an effective expression system for producing large quantities of biological active scygonadin for both research and agricultural application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Oceanography and Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, PR China
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50
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Phylogeny of whey acidic protein (WAP) four-disulfide core proteins and their role in lower vertebrates and invertebrates. Biochem Soc Trans 2011; 39:1403-8. [DOI: 10.1042/bst0391403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Proteins containing WAP (whey acidic protein) domains with a characteristic WFDC (WAP four-disulfide core) occur not only in mammals (including marsupials and monotremes) but also in birds, reptiles, amphibians and fish. In addition, they are present in numerous invertebrates, from cnidarians to urochordates. Many of those from non-mammalian groups are poorly understood with respect to function or phylogeny. Those well characterized so far are waprins from snakes, perlwapins from bivalves and crustins from decapod crustaceans. Waprins are venom proteins with a single WAP domain at the C-terminus. They display antimicrobial, rather than proteinase inhibitory, activities. Perlwapins, in contrast, possess three WAP domains at the C-terminus and are expressed in the shell nacre of abalones. They participate in shell formation by inhibiting the growth of calcium crystals in the shell. The crustin group is the largest of all WFDC-containing proteins in invertebrates with the vast majority being highly expressed in the haemocytes. Most have a single WAP domain at the C-terminus. The presence and type of the domains between the signal sequence and the C-terminus WAP domain separate the different crustin types. Most of the Type I and II crustins are antimicrobial towards Gram-positive bacteria, whereas the Type III crustins tend to display protease inhibition. Expression studies show that at least some crustins have other important biological effects, as levels change with physiological stress, wound repair, tissue regeneration or ecdysis. Thus WAP domains are widely distributed and highly conserved, serving in diverse physiological processes (proteinase inhibition, bacterial killing or inhibition of calcium transport).
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