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Zhang Q, Zhu X, Xiao Y. The critical role of endothelial cell in the toxicity associated with chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy and intervention strategies. Ann Hematol 2024; 103:2197-2206. [PMID: 38329486 PMCID: PMC11224091 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-024-05640-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy has shown promising results in patients with hematological malignancies. However, many patients still have poor prognoses or even fatal outcomes due to the life-threatening toxicities associated with the therapy. Moreover, even after improving the known influencing factors (such as number or type of CAR-T infusion) related to CAR-T cell infusion, the results remain unsatisfactory. In recent years, it has been found that endothelial cells (ECs), which are key components of the organization, play a crucial role in various aspects of immune system activation and inflammatory response. The levels of typical markers of endothelial activation positively correlated with the severity of cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and immune effector cell-associated neurotoxic syndrome (ICANS), suggesting that ECs are important targets for intervention and toxicity prevention. This review focuses on the critical role of ECs in CRS and ICANS and the intervention strategies adopted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaojian Zhu
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
| | - Yi Xiao
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
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2
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Lyubenov L, Shi C, Zhao D, Yang L, Lei Y, Mammadova-Bach E, de Chiara L, Semeraro R, Landini S, Romagnani P, Vörg E, Devarapu SK, Welz R, Kiessig ST, Anders HJ. Intravenous Glu-plasminogen attenuates cholesterol crystal embolism-induced thrombotic angiopathy, acute kidney injury and kidney infarction. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2023; 38:93-105. [PMID: 36102665 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfac273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cholesterol crystal (CC) embolism causes acute kidney injury (AKI) and ischaemic cortical necrosis associated with high mortality. We speculated that sustaining the fibrinolytic system with Glu-plasminogen (Glu-Plg) could be a safe way to attenuate AKI and prevent ischaemic infarction upon CC embolism. METHODS We induced CC embolism by injecting CC into the left kidney artery of C57BL/6J mice. The primary endpoint was glomerular filtration rate (GFR). RESULTS Starting as early as 2 h after CC embolism, thrombotic angiopathy progressed gradually in the interlobular, arcuate and interlobar arteries. This was associated with a decrease of GFR reaching a peak at 18 h, i.e. AKI, and progressive ischaemic kidney necrosis developing between 12-48 h after CC injection. Human plasma Glu-Plg extracts injected intravenously 4 h after CC embolism attenuated thrombotic angiopathy, GFR loss as well as ischaemic necrosis in a dose-dependent manner. No bleeding complications occurred after Glu-Plg injection. Injection of an intermediate dose (0.6 mg/kg) had only a transient protective effect on microvascular occlusions lasting for a few hours without a sustained protective effect on AKI at 18-48 h or cortical necrosis, while 1.5 mg/kg were fully protective. Importantly, no bleeding complications occurred. CONCLUSIONS These results provide the first experimental evidence that Glu-Plg could be an innovative therapeutic strategy to attenuate thrombotic angiopathy, AKI, kidney necrosis and potentially other clinical manifestations of CC embolism syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyuben Lyubenov
- Department of Medicine IV, Hospital of Ludwig-Maximilian-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Chongxu Shi
- Department of Medicine IV, Hospital of Ludwig-Maximilian-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Danyang Zhao
- Department of Medicine IV, Hospital of Ludwig-Maximilian-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Luying Yang
- Department of Medicine IV, Hospital of Ludwig-Maximilian-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Yutian Lei
- Department of Medicine IV, Hospital of Ludwig-Maximilian-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Elmina Mammadova-Bach
- Department of Medicine IV, Hospital of Ludwig-Maximilian-University, Munich, Germany.,Walther-Straub-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilian-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Letizia de Chiara
- Department of Experimental and Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Roberto Semeraro
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Samuela Landini
- Medical Genetics Unit, Meyer Children's University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Paola Romagnani
- Department of Experimental and Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence, Italy.,Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Meyer Children's University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Elena Vörg
- PreviPharma Consulting GmbH, Mannheim, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Hans-Joachim Anders
- Department of Medicine IV, Hospital of Ludwig-Maximilian-University, Munich, Germany
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3
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Shi C, Zhao D, Lyubenov L, Motrapu M, Li N, Steiger S, Mammadova-Bach E, Yang L, Liu D, Anders HJ. Neutrophil circadian rhythm is associated with different outcomes of acute kidney injury due to cholesterol crystal embolism. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:974759. [PMID: 35966530 PMCID: PMC9366331 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.974759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol crystal (CC) embolism can cause acute tissue infarction and ischemic necrosis via triggering diffuse thrombotic angiopathy occluding arterioles and arteries. Neutrophils contribute to crystal-induced immunothrombosis as well as to ischemic necrosis-related necroinflammation. We speculated that CC embolism-induced acute kidney injury (AKI) would be circadian rhythm-dependent and associated with cyclic differences in neutrophil function. Injection of CC into the left kidney induced thrombotic angiopathy progressing starting as early as 3 h after CC injection followed by a progressive ischemic cortical necrosis and AKI at 24 h. In C57BL/6J mice, circulating CD11b+Ly6G+ neutrophils were higher during the day phase [Zeitgeber time (ZT) 0–12] compared to the dark phase (ZT12-24). In the time frame of thrombus formation at ZT13, more neutrophils were recruited into the injured kidney 24 h later compared to CC embolism at ZT5. This effect was associated with an increased circulating number of CXCR2+ neutrophils as well as an upregulated kidney adhesion molecule and chemokine expression. These findings were associated with a significant increase in kidney necrosis, and endothelial injury at ZT13. Thus, the time of day has an effect also on CC embolism-related AKI in association with the circadian rhythm of neutrophil recruitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongxu Shi
- Nantong Laboratory of Development and Diseases, School of Life Sciences, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, China
- Renal Division, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Danyang Zhao
- Renal Division, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Lyuben Lyubenov
- Renal Division, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Manga Motrapu
- Renal Division, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Na Li
- Renal Division, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Nephrology, Center of Kidney and Urology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Stefanie Steiger
- Renal Division, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Elmina Mammadova-Bach
- Renal Division, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Luying Yang
- Renal Division, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Dong Liu
- Nantong Laboratory of Development and Diseases, School of Life Sciences, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, China
- Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Hans-Joachim Anders
- Renal Division, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany
- *Correspondence: Hans-Joachim Anders
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Johnson C, Quach HQ, Lau C, Ekholt K, Espevik T, Woodruff TM, Pischke SE, Mollnes TE, Nilsson PH. Thrombin Differentially Modulates the Acute Inflammatory Response to Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus in Human Whole Blood. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2022; 208:2771-2778. [PMID: 35675954 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2101033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Thrombin plays a central role in thromboinflammatory responses, but its activity is blocked in the common ex vivo human whole blood models, making an ex vivo study of thrombin effects on thromboinflammatory responses unfeasible. In this study, we exploited the anticoagulant peptide Gly-Pro-Arg-Pro (GPRP) that blocks fibrin polymerization to study the effects of thrombin on acute inflammation in response to Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus Human blood was anticoagulated with either GPRP or the thrombin inhibitor lepirudin and incubated with either E. coli or S. aureus for up to 4 h at 37°C. In GPRP-anticoagulated blood, there were spontaneous elevations in thrombin levels and platelet activation, which further increased in the presence of bacteria. Complement activation and the expression of activation markers on monocytes and granulocytes increased to the same extent in both blood models in response to bacteria. Most cytokines were not elevated in response to thrombin alone, but thrombin presence substantially and heterogeneously modulated several cytokines that increased in response to bacterial incubations. Bacterial-induced releases of IL-8, MIP-1α, and MIP-1β were potentiated in the thrombin-active GPRP model, whereas the levels of IP-10, TNF, IL-6, and IL-1β were elevated in the thrombin-inactive lepirudin model. Complement C5-blockade, combined with CD14 inhibition, reduced the overall cytokine release significantly, both in thrombin-active and thrombin-inactive models. Our data support that thrombin itself marginally induces leukocyte-dependent cytokine release in this isolated human whole blood but is a significant modulator of bacteria-induced inflammation by a differential effect on cytokine patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Johnson
- Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Huy Quang Quach
- Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Corinna Lau
- Research Laboratory, Nordland Hospital, Bodø, Norway
| | - Karin Ekholt
- Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Terje Espevik
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Trent M Woodruff
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Søren Erik Pischke
- Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Clinic for Emergencies and Critical Care, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tom Eirik Mollnes
- Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Research Laboratory, Nordland Hospital, Bodø, Norway
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- K.G. Jebsen Thrombosis Research and Expertise Center, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway; and
| | - Per H Nilsson
- Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway;
- Department of Chemistry and Biomedicine, Linnaeus Centre for Biomaterials Chemistry Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
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Jenkins AJ, Grant MB, Busik JV. Lipids, hyperreflective crystalline deposits and diabetic retinopathy: potential systemic and retinal-specific effect of lipid-lowering therapies. Diabetologia 2022; 65:587-603. [PMID: 35149880 PMCID: PMC9377536 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-022-05655-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The metabolically active retina obtains essential lipids by endogenous biosynthesis and from the systemic circulation. Clinical studies provide limited and sometimes conflicting evidence as to the relationships between circulating lipid levels and the development and progression of diabetic retinopathy in people with diabetes. Cardiovascular-system-focused clinical trials that also evaluated some retinal outcomes demonstrate the potential protective power of lipid-lowering therapies in diabetic retinopathy and some trials with ocular primary endpoints are in progress. Although triacylglycerol-lowering therapies with fibrates afforded some protection against diabetic retinopathy, the effect was independent of changes in traditional blood lipid classes. While systemic LDL-cholesterol lowering with statins did not afford protection against diabetic retinopathy in most clinical trials, and none of the trials focused on retinopathy as the main outcome, data from very large database studies suggest the possible effectiveness of statins. Potential challenges in these studies are discussed, including lipid-independent effects of fibrates and statins, modified lipoproteins and retinal-specific effects of lipid-lowering drugs. Dysregulation of retinal-specific cholesterol metabolism leading to retinal cholesterol accumulation and potential formation of cholesterol crystals are also addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia J Jenkins
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Maria B Grant
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Julia V Busik
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
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6
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Mollnes TE, Storm BS, Brekke OL, Nilsson PH, Lambris JD. Application of the C3 inhibitor compstatin in a human whole blood model designed for complement research - 20 years of experience and future perspectives. Semin Immunol 2022; 59:101604. [PMID: 35570131 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2022.101604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The complex molecular and cellular biological systems that maintain host homeostasis undergo continuous crosstalk. Complement, a component of innate immunity, is one such system. Initially regarded as a system to protect the host from infection, complement has more recently been shown to have numerous other functions, including involvement in embryonic development, tissue modeling, and repair. Furthermore, the complement system plays a major role in the pathophysiology of many diseases. Through interactions with other plasma cascades, including hemostasis, complement activation leads to the broad host-protective response known as thromboinflammation. Most complement research has been limited to reductionistic models of purified components and cells and their interactions in vitro. However, to study the pathophysiology of complement-driven diseases, including the interaction between the complement system and other inflammatory systems, holistic models demonstrating only minimal interference with complement activity are needed. Here we describe two such models; whole blood anticoagulated with either the thrombin inhibitor lepirudin or the fibrin polymerization peptide blocker GPRP, both of which retain complement activity and preserve the ability of complement to be mutually reactive with other inflammatory systems. For instance, to examine the relative roles of C3 and C5 in complement activation, it is possible to compare the effects of the C3 inhibitor compstatin effects to those of inhibitors of C5 and C5aR1. We also discuss how complement is activated by both pathogen-associated molecular patterns, inducing infectious inflammation caused by organisms such as Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, and by sterile damage-associated molecular patterns, including cholesterol crystals and artificial materials used in clinical medicine. When C3 is inhibited, it is important to determine the mechanism by which inflammation is attenuated, i.e., whether the attenuation derives directly from C3 activation products or via downstream activation of C5, since the mechanism involved may determine the appropriate choice of inhibitor under various conditions. With some exceptions, most inflammatory responses are dependent on C5 and C5aR1; one exception is venous air embolism, in which air bubbles enter the blood circulation and trigger a mainly C3-dependent thromboembolism, with the formation of an active C3 convertase, without a corresponding C5 activation. Under such conditions, an inhibitor of C3 is needed to attenuate the inflammation. Our holistic blood models will be useful for further studies of the inhibition of any complement target, not just C3 or C5. The focus here will be on targeting the critical complement component, activation product, or receptor that is important for the pathophysiology in a variety of disease conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom E Mollnes
- Research Laboratory, Nordland Hospital, Bodø, Norway; Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Norway; Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Benjamin S Storm
- Research Laboratory, Nordland Hospital, Bodø, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway; Faculty of Nursing and Health Sciences, Nord University, Bodø, Norway
| | - Ole L Brekke
- Research Laboratory, Nordland Hospital, Bodø, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nordland Hospital, Bodø, Norway
| | - Per H Nilsson
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Norway; Linnaeus Centre for Biomaterials Chemistry, Linnaeus University, 39182 Kalmar, Sweden; Department of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Linnaeus University, 39182 Kalmar, Sweden
| | - John D Lambris
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Luo Y, Guo Y, Wang H, Yu M, Hong K, Li D, Li R, Wen B, Hu D, Chang L, Zhang J, Yang B, Sun D, Schwendeman AS, Eugene Chen Y. Phospholipid nanoparticles: Therapeutic potentials against atherosclerosis via reducing cholesterol crystals and inhibiting inflammation. EBioMedicine 2021; 74:103725. [PMID: 34879325 PMCID: PMC8654800 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2021.103725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Atherosclerosis-related cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of mortality worldwide. Cholesterol crystals (CCs) induce inflammation in atherosclerosis and are associated with unstable plaques and poor prognosis, but no drug can remove CCs in the clinic currently. Methods We generated a phospholipid-based and high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-like nanoparticle, miNano, and determined CC-dissolving capacity, cholesterol efflux property, and anti-inflammation effects of miNano in vitro. Both normal C57BL/6J and Apoe-deficient mice were used to explore the accumulation of miNano in atherosclerotic plaques. The efficacy and safety of miNano administration to treat atherosclerosis were evaluated in the Ldlr-deficient atherosclerosis model. The CC-dissolving capacity of miNano was also detected using human atherosclerotic plaques ex vivo. Findings We found that miNano bound to and dissolved CCs efficiently in vitro, and miNano accumulated in atherosclerotic plaques, co-localized with CCs and macrophages in vivo. Administration of miNano inhibited atherosclerosis and improved plaque stability by reducing CCs and macrophages in Ldlr-deficient mice with favorable safety profiles. In macrophages, miNano prevented foam cell formation by enhancing cholesterol efflux and suppressed inflammatory responses via inhibiting TLR4-NF-κB pathway. Finally, in an ex vivo experiment, miNano effectively dissolved CCs in human aortic atherosclerotic plaques. Interpretation Together, our work finds that phospholipid-based and HDL-like nanoparticle, miNano, has the potential to treat atherosclerosis by targeting CCs and stabilizing plaques. Funding This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health HL134569, HL109916, HL136231, and HL137214 to Y.E.C, HL138139 to J.Z., R21NS111191 to A.S., by the American Heart Association 15SDG24470155, Grant Awards (U068144 from Bio-interfaces and G024404 from M-BRISC) at the University of Michigan to Y.G., by the American Heart Association 19PRE34400017 and Rackham Helen Wu award to M.Y., NIH T32 GM07767 to K. H., Barbour Fellowship to D.L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghong Luo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Province, China
| | - Yanhong Guo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Huilun Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Minzhi Yu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Kristen Hong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Ruiting Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Bo Wen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Die Hu
- Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Province, China
| | - Lin Chang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Jifeng Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Bo Yang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Duxin Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Anna S Schwendeman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Y Eugene Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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Iwa N, Yutani C, Komatsu S, Takahashi S, Takewa M, Ohara T, Kodama K. Novel Methods for Detecting Human Cholesterol Crystals from Sampled Blood. Lab Med 2021; 53:255-261. [PMID: 34755193 DOI: 10.1093/labmed/lmab078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Nonobstructive general angiography (NOGA) is a novel modality to detect and sample spontaneous ruptured aortic plaques (SRAPs). We aimed to establish novel methods to detect cholesterol crystals (CCs) in sampled SRAPs. METHODS Blood specimens containing SRAPs were obtained from patients using NOGA. Blood was instantly frozen on a glass slide and subsequently thawed for quantitative analysis and spread onto a filter paper that was rinsed using distilled water. Qualitative analysis was performed for the rinsed water using polarized light microscopy, and the filter paper was embedded in paraffin for histologic analysis. RESULTS The CCs were clearly observed after hemolysis using the instant freeze-thaw method. The filter paper rinse method indicated free CCs of varying shapes under polarized light microscopy without erythrocytes. On the filter paper, sampled SRAPs showed Lamé-like small particles. Histopathology revealed various atheromatous components. CONCLUSION A set of novel methods for detecting CCs from sampled blood was established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuzo Iwa
- Division of Pathology, Cardiovascular Center, Osaka Gyoumeikan Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Chikao Yutani
- Division of Pathology, Cardiovascular Center, Osaka Gyoumeikan Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Sei Komatsu
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, Osaka Gyoumeikan Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Satoru Takahashi
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, Osaka Gyoumeikan Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiko Takewa
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, Osaka Gyoumeikan Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomoki Ohara
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, Osaka Gyoumeikan Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Kodama
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, Osaka Gyoumeikan Hospital, Osaka, Japan
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9
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Emerging Anti-Atherosclerotic Therapies. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212109. [PMID: 34829992 PMCID: PMC8624828 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CAD) is the main cause of morbidity and deaths in the western world. The development of atherosclerosis underlying CAD development begins early in human life. There are numerous genetic and environmental risk factors accelerating its progression which then leads to the occurrence of acute events. Despite considerable progress in determining risk factors, there is still a lot of work ahead since identified determinants are responsible only for a part of overall CAD risk. Current therapies are insufficient to successfully reduce the risk of atherosclerosis development. Therefore, there is a need for effective preventive measures of clinical manifestations of atherosclerosis since the currently available drugs cannot prevent the occurrence of even 70% of clinical events. The shift of the target from lipid metabolism has opened the door to many new therapeutic targets. Currently, the majority of known targets for anti-atherosclerotic drugs focus also on inflammation (a common mediator of many risk factors), mechanisms of innate and adaptive immunity in atherosclerosis, molecule scavengers, etc. The therapeutic potential of cyclodextrins, protein kinase inhibitors, colchicine, inhibitors of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), lipid dicarbonyl scavengers, a monoclonal antibody targeting interleukin-1β, and P-selectin inhibitors is still not fully confirmed and requires confirmation in large clinical trials. The preliminary results look promising.
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10
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Henes JK, Groga-Bada P, Schaeffeler E, Winter S, Hack L, Zdanyte M, Mueller K, Droppa M, Stimpfle F, Gawaz M, Langer H, Schwab M, Geisler T, Rath D. C5 Variant rs10985126 is Associated with Mortality in Patients with Symptomatic Coronary Artery Disease. Pharmgenomics Pers Med 2021; 14:893-903. [PMID: 34321906 PMCID: PMC8312322 DOI: 10.2147/pgpm.s307827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Complement component 5a (C5a) is a highly potent anaphylatoxin with a variety of pro-inflammatory effects. C5a contributes to progression of atherosclerosis and inhibition of the receptor (C5aR) might offer a therapeutic strategy in this regard. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the C5 gene may modify protein expression levels and therefore function of C5a and C5aR. This study aimed to examine associations between clinically relevant C5a SNPs and the prognosis of patients with symptomatic coronary artery disease (CAD). Furthermore, we sought to investigate the influence of C5 SNPs on C5aR platelet surface expression and circulating C5a levels. METHODS C5 variants (rs25681, rs17611, rs17216529, rs12237774, rs41258306, and rs10985126) were analyzed in a consecutive cohort of 833 patients suffering from symptomatic coronary artery disease (CAD). Circulating C5a levels were determined in 116 patients whereas C5aR platelet surface expression was measured in 473 CAD patients. Endpoints included all-cause mortality, myocardial infarction (MI), and ischemic stroke (IS). Homozygous carriers (HC) of the minor allele (rs10985126) showed significantly higher all-cause mortality than major allele carriers. While we could not find significant associations between rs10985126 allele frequency and C5aR platelet surfazl ce expression, significantly elevated levels of circulating C5a were found in HC of the minor allele of the respective genotype. rs17216529 allele frequency correlated with the composite combined endpoint and bleeding events. However, since the number of HC of the minor allele of this genotype was low, we cannot draw a robust conclusion about the observed associations. CONCLUSION In this study, we provide evidence for the prognostic relevance of rs10985126 in CAD patients. C5 rs10985126 may serve as a prognostic biomarker for risk stratification in high-risk CAD patients and consequently promote tailored therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Patrick Groga-Bada
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Elke Schaeffeler
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany
- University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Winter
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany
- University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Luis Hack
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Monika Zdanyte
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Karin Mueller
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Michal Droppa
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Fabian Stimpfle
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Meinrad Gawaz
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Harald Langer
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care, University Hospital Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Matthias Schwab
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany
- University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
- Department of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Tobias Geisler
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Dominik Rath
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
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11
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Acadesine suppresses TNF-α induced complement component 3 (C3), in retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0244307. [PMID: 33362238 PMCID: PMC7757886 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0244307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the most prevalent form of irreversible blindness in the developed world. Aging, inflammation and complement dysregulation affecting the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), are considered significant contributors in its pathogenesis and several evidences have linked tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and complement component 3 (C3) with AMD. Acadesine, an analog of AMP and an AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activator, has been shown to have cytoprotective effects in human clinical trials as well as having anti-inflammatory and anti-vascular exudative effects in animals. The purpose of this study was to evaluate if acadesine is able to suppress TNF-α induced C3 in RPE cells. Methods ARPE-19 and human primary RPE cells were cultured and allowed to grow to confluence. TNF-α was used for C3 induction in the presence or absence of acadesine. Small molecule inhibitors and siRNA were used to determine if acadesine exerts its effect via the extracellular or intracellular pathway and to evaluate the importance of AMPK for these effects. The expression level of C3 was determined by immunoblot analysis. Results Acadesine suppresses TNF-α induced C3 in a dose dependent manner. When we utilized the adenosine receptor inhibitor dipyridamole (DPY) along with acadesine, acadesine’s effects were abolished, indicating the necessity of acadesine to enter the cell in order to exert it’s action. However, pretreatment with 5-iodotubericidin (5-Iodo), an adenosine kinase (AK) inhibitor, didn’t prevent acadesine from decreasing TNF-α induced C3 expression suggesting that acadesine does not exert its effect through AMP conversion and subsequent activation of AMPK. Consistent with this, knockdown of AMPK α catalytic subunit did not affect the inhibitory effect of acadesine on TNF-α upregulation of C3. Conclusions Our results suggest that acadesine suppresses TNF-α induced C3, likely through an AMPK-independent pathway, and could have potential use in complement over activation diseases.
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12
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Hammad NM, Abdelhadi AA, Fawzy MM, Marei A. Complement component 3c and tumor necrosis factor-α systemic assessment after Candida antigen immunotherapy in cutaneous warts. Braz J Microbiol 2020; 51:1673-1681. [PMID: 32594377 PMCID: PMC7688774 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-020-00322-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cutaneous warts are the commonest benign lesion produced by human papillomavirus. Lesions often regress spontaneously yet have a high rate of recurrence. They impair patients' quality of life and carry the potential risk of cancer. Nowadays, Candida antigen immunotherapy has become an encouraging therapeutic modality for warts. We tried to assess the role of the complement pathway and T helper 1 immune response in clinical response to Candida antigen immunotherapy via complement component 3c (C3c) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, respectively. METHODS A total of 44 patients with cutaneous warts were enrolled in the study. Patients were injected with Candida antigen at 2-week interval until complete clearance of the lesion or for a maximum of 5 sessions. Blood samples were collected before initiation and after completion of immunotherapy. C3 and C4 were measured using an automated turbidimetric method. Mannose-binding lectin (MBL), C3c, and TNF-α were measured using enzyme-linked immune sorbent assay. RESULTS A total of 56.4%, 17.9%, and 25.7% of the patients showed complete, partial, and no response to immunotherapy, respectively. Lesions on the dorsum of the foot and sole showed significant clearance (p value = 0.037). All patients had no deficient C3, C4, and MBL serum levels. C3c and TNF-α serum levels were significantly higher in non-responder group (p value < 0.001 and < 0.001, respectively). C3c and TNF-α serum levels were strongly correlated in all the studied patients (r = 0.8, p value < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Candida antigen immunotherapy is an effective therapeutic modality for cutaneous warts. C3c and TNF-α serum levels were higher in patients who failed to respond to immunotherapy. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRY NUMBER NCT04399577 , May 2020 "retrospectively registered".
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Affiliation(s)
- Noha M Hammad
- Medical Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
| | - Amina A Abdelhadi
- Medical Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Manal M Fawzy
- Dermatology and Andrology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Ayman Marei
- Medical Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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13
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Niyonzima N, Bakke SS, Gregersen I, Holm S, Sandanger Ø, Orrem HL, Sporsheim B, Ryan L, Kong XY, Dahl TB, Skjelland M, Sørensen KK, Rokstad AM, Yndestad A, Latz E, Gullestad L, Andersen GØ, Damås JK, Aukrust P, Mollnes TE, Halvorsen B, Espevik T. Cholesterol crystals use complement to increase NLRP3 signaling pathways in coronary and carotid atherosclerosis. EBioMedicine 2020; 60:102985. [PMID: 32927275 PMCID: PMC7494683 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2020.102985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND During atherogenesis, cholesterol precipitates into cholesterol crystals (CC) in the vessel wall, which trigger plaque inflammation by activating the NACHT, LRR and PYD domains-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome. We investigated the relationship between CC, complement and NLRP3 in patients with cardiovascular disease. METHODS We analysed plasma, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and carotid plaques from patients with advanced atherosclerosis applying ELISAs, multiplex cytokine assay, qPCR, immunohistochemistry, and gene profiling. FINDINGS Transcripts of interleukin (IL)-1beta(β) and NLRP3 were increased and correlated in PBMC from patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Priming of these cells with complement factor 5a (C5a) and tumour necrosis factor (TNF) before incubation with CC resulted in increased IL-1β protein when compared to healthy controls. As opposed to healthy controls, systemic complement was significantly increased in patients with stable angina pectoris or ACS. In carotid plaques, complement C1q and C5b-9 complex accumulated around CC-clefts, and complement receptors C5aR1, C5aR2 and C3aR1 were higher in carotid plaques compared to control arteries. Priming human carotid plaques with C5a followed by CC incubation resulted in pronounced release of IL-1β, IL-18 and IL-1α. Additionally, mRNA profiling demonstrated that C5a and TNF priming followed by CC incubation upregulated plaque expression of NLRP3 inflammasome components. INTERPRETATION We demonstrate that CC are important local- and systemic complement activators, and we reveal that the interaction between CC and complement could exert its effect by activating the NLRP3 inflammasome, thus promoting the progression of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Niyonzima
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, and Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Olav Kyrres gate 17, Trondheim 7030, Norway
| | - Siril S Bakke
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, and Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Olav Kyrres gate 17, Trondheim 7030, Norway
| | - Ida Gregersen
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Sverre Holm
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Norway
| | - Øystein Sandanger
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Hilde L Orrem
- Division of Emergencies and Critical Care, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Bjørnar Sporsheim
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, and Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Olav Kyrres gate 17, Trondheim 7030, Norway
| | - Liv Ryan
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, and Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Olav Kyrres gate 17, Trondheim 7030, Norway
| | - Xiang Yi Kong
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Norway
| | | | - Mona Skjelland
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway; Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Norway
| | - Kirsten Krohg Sørensen
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Anne Mari Rokstad
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, and Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Olav Kyrres gate 17, Trondheim 7030, Norway
| | - Arne Yndestad
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Eicke Latz
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, and Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Olav Kyrres gate 17, Trondheim 7030, Norway; Institute of Innate Immunity, Biomedical Center, University of Bonn, Germany
| | - Lars Gullestad
- Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Norway; KG Jebsen Center for Cardiac Research, and Center for Heart Failure Research, Oslo University Hospital, Norway
| | | | - Jan Kristian Damås
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, and Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Olav Kyrres gate 17, Trondheim 7030, Norway
| | - Pål Aukrust
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway; Section of Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital, Norway
| | - Tom E Mollnes
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, and Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Olav Kyrres gate 17, Trondheim 7030, Norway; Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Norway; KG Jebsen TREC, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø, Norway; Research Laboratory, Norland Hospital, Norway
| | - Bente Halvorsen
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Terje Espevik
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, and Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Olav Kyrres gate 17, Trondheim 7030, Norway; The Central Norway Regional Health Authority, St. Olavs Hospital HF, Norway.
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Zhang H, Ma Y, Cao R, Wang G, Li S, Cao Y, Zhang H, Liu M, Liu G, Zhang J, Li S, Wang Y, Ma Y. Soluble uric acid induces myocardial damage through activating the NLRP3 inflammasome. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:8849-8861. [PMID: 32558367 PMCID: PMC7412683 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Uric acid crystal is known to activate the NLRP3 inflammasome and to cause tissue damages, which can result in many diseases, such as gout, chronic renal injury and myocardial damage. Meanwhile, soluble uric acid (sUA), before forming crystals, is also related to these diseases. This study was carried out to investigate whether sUA could also activate NLRP3 inflammasome in cardiomyocytes and to analyse the mechanisms. The cardiomyocyte activity was monitored, along with the levels of mature IL-1β and caspase-1 from H9c2 cells following sUA stimulus. We found that sUA was able to activate NLRP3 inflammasome, which was responsible for H9c2 cell apoptosis induced by sUA. By elevating TLR6 levels and then activating NF-κB/p65 signal pathway, sUA promoted NLRP3, pro-caspase 1 and pro-IL-1β production and provided the first signal of NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Meanwhile, ROS production regulated by UCP2 levels also contributed to NLRP3 inflammasome assembly and subsequent caspase 1 activation and mature IL-1β secretion. In addition, the tlr6 knockdown rats suffering from hyperuricemia showed the lower level of IL-1β and an ameliorative cardiac function. These findings suggest that sUA activates NLRP3 inflammasome in cardiomyocytes and they may provide one therapeutic strategy for myocardial damage induced by sUA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailong Zhang
- Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug EngineeringKey Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology of Henan ProvinceSchool of Basic MedicineHenan UniversityKaifengChina
| | - Yuting Ma
- Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug EngineeringKey Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology of Henan ProvinceSchool of Basic MedicineHenan UniversityKaifengChina
| | - Run Cao
- Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug EngineeringKey Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology of Henan ProvinceSchool of Basic MedicineHenan UniversityKaifengChina
| | - Guanli Wang
- Clinical LaboratoryHuaihe HospitalHenan UniversityKaifengChina
| | - Shaowei Li
- Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug EngineeringKey Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology of Henan ProvinceSchool of Basic MedicineHenan UniversityKaifengChina
| | - Yue Cao
- Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug EngineeringKey Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology of Henan ProvinceSchool of Basic MedicineHenan UniversityKaifengChina
| | - Hao Zhang
- Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug EngineeringKey Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology of Henan ProvinceSchool of Basic MedicineHenan UniversityKaifengChina
| | - Meichen Liu
- Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug EngineeringKey Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology of Henan ProvinceSchool of Basic MedicineHenan UniversityKaifengChina
| | - Guangchao Liu
- Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug EngineeringKey Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology of Henan ProvinceSchool of Basic MedicineHenan UniversityKaifengChina
| | - Jun Zhang
- Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug EngineeringKey Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology of Henan ProvinceSchool of Basic MedicineHenan UniversityKaifengChina
| | - Shulian Li
- Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug EngineeringKey Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology of Henan ProvinceSchool of Basic MedicineHenan UniversityKaifengChina
| | - Yaohui Wang
- Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug EngineeringKey Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology of Henan ProvinceSchool of Basic MedicineHenan UniversityKaifengChina
| | - Yuanfang Ma
- Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug EngineeringKey Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology of Henan ProvinceSchool of Basic MedicineHenan UniversityKaifengChina
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Mourouzis K, Oikonomou E, Siasos G, Tsalamadris S, Vogiatzi G, Antonopoulos A, Fountoulakis P, Goliopoulou A, Papaioannou S, Tousoulis D. Pro-inflammatory Cytokines in Acute Coronary Syndromes. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:4624-4647. [PMID: 32282296 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200413082353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Over the last decades, the role of inflammation and immune system activation in the initiation and progression of coronary artery disease (CAD) has been established. OBJECTIVES The study aimed to present the interplay between cytokines and their actions preceding and shortly after ACS. METHODS We searched in a systemic manner the most relevant articles to the topic of inflammation, cytokines, vulnerable plaque and myocardial infarction in MEDLINE, COCHRANE and EMBASE databases. RESULTS Different classes of cytokines (intereleukin [IL]-1 family, Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) family, chemokines, adipokines, interferons) are implicated in the entire process leading to destabilization of the atherosclerotic plaque, and consequently, to the incidence of myocardial infarction. Especially IL-1 and TNF-α family are involved in inflammatory cell accumulation, vulnerable plaque formation, platelet aggregation, cardiomyocyte apoptosis and adverse remodeling following the myocardial infarction. Several cytokines such as IL-6, adiponectin, interferon-γ, appear with significant prognostic value in ACS patients. Thus, research interest focuses on the modulation of inflammation in ACS to improve clinical outcomes. CONCLUSION Understanding the unique characteristics that accompany each cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction could illuminate the signaling pathways involved in plaque destabilization and indicate future treatment strategies to improve cardiovascular prognosis in ACS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Mourouzis
- 1st Department of Cardiology, 'Hippokration' Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelos Oikonomou
- 1st Department of Cardiology, 'Hippokration' Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Gerasimos Siasos
- 1st Department of Cardiology, 'Hippokration' Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Sotiris Tsalamadris
- 1st Department of Cardiology, 'Hippokration' Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Georgia Vogiatzi
- 1st Department of Cardiology, 'Hippokration' Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Alexios Antonopoulos
- 1st Department of Cardiology, 'Hippokration' Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Petros Fountoulakis
- 1st Department of Cardiology, 'Hippokration' Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Athina Goliopoulou
- 1st Department of Cardiology, 'Hippokration' Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Spyridon Papaioannou
- 1st Department of Cardiology, 'Hippokration' Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitris Tousoulis
- 1st Department of Cardiology, 'Hippokration' Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
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16
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Shi C, Kim T, Steiger S, Mulay SR, Klinkhammer BM, Bäuerle T, Melica ME, Romagnani P, Möckel D, Baues M, Yang L, Brouns SLN, Heemskerk JWM, Braun A, Lammers T, Boor P, Anders HJ. Crystal Clots as Therapeutic Target in Cholesterol Crystal Embolism. Circ Res 2020; 126:e37-e52. [PMID: 32089086 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.119.315625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Cholesterol crystal embolism can be a life-threatening complication of advanced atherosclerosis. Pathophysiology and molecular targets for treatment are largely unknown. OBJECTIVE We aimed to develop a new animal model of cholesterol crystal embolism to dissect the molecular mechanisms of cholesterol crystal (CC)-driven arterial occlusion, tissue infarction, and organ failure. METHODS AND RESULTS C57BL/6J mice were injected with CC into the left kidney artery. Primary end point was glomerular filtration rate (GFR). CC caused crystal clots occluding intrarenal arteries and a dose-dependent drop in GFR, followed by GFR recovery within 4 weeks, that is, acute kidney disease. In contrast, the extent of kidney infarction was more variable. Blocking necroptosis using mixed lineage kinase domain-like deficient mice or necrostatin-1s treatment protected from kidney infarction but not from GFR loss because arterial obstructions persisted, identifying crystal clots as a primary target to prevent organ failure. CC involved platelets, neutrophils, fibrin, and extracellular DNA. Neutrophil depletion or inhibition of the release of neutrophil extracellular traps had little effects, but platelet P2Y12 receptor antagonism with clopidogrel, fibrinolysis with urokinase, or DNA digestion with recombinant DNase I all prevented arterial occlusions, GFR loss, and kidney infarction. The window-of-opportunity was <3 hours after CC injection. However, combining Nec-1s (necrostatin-1s) prophylaxis given 1 hour before and DNase I 3 hours after CC injection completely prevented kidney failure and infarcts. In vitro, CC did not directly induce plasmatic coagulation but induced neutrophil extracellular trap formation and DNA release mainly from kidney endothelial cells, neutrophils, and few from platelets. CC induced ATP release from aggregating platelets, which increased fibrin formation in a DNase-dependent manner. CONCLUSIONS CC embolism causes arterial obstructions and organ failure via the formation of crystal clots with fibrin, platelets, and extracellular DNA as critical components. Therefore, our model enables to unravel the pathogenesis of the CC embolism syndrome as a basis for both prophylaxis and targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongxu Shi
- From the Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität, LMU München, Germany (C.S., T.K., S.S., S.R.M., L.Y., H.-J.A.)
| | - Tehyung Kim
- From the Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität, LMU München, Germany (C.S., T.K., S.S., S.R.M., L.Y., H.-J.A.)
| | - Stefanie Steiger
- From the Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität, LMU München, Germany (C.S., T.K., S.S., S.R.M., L.Y., H.-J.A.)
| | - Shrikant R Mulay
- From the Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität, LMU München, Germany (C.S., T.K., S.S., S.R.M., L.Y., H.-J.A.)
| | - Barbara M Klinkhammer
- Department of Nephrology, Institute of Pathology (B.M.K, P.B.), RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Germany
| | - Tobias Bäuerle
- Preclinical Imaging Platform Erlangen, Institute of Radiology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany (T.B.)
| | - Maria Elena Melica
- Excellence Centre for Research, Transfer and High Education for the development of DE NOVO Therapies (M.E.M., P.R.), University of Florence, Italy.,Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio" (M.E.M., P.R.), University of Florence, Italy
| | - Paola Romagnani
- Excellence Centre for Research, Transfer and High Education for the development of DE NOVO Therapies (M.E.M., P.R.), University of Florence, Italy.,Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio" (M.E.M., P.R.), University of Florence, Italy.,Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Meyer Children's University Hospital, Florence, Italy (P.R.)
| | - Diana Möckel
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging (D.M., M.B., T.L.), RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Germany
| | - Maike Baues
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging (D.M., M.B., T.L.), RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Germany
| | - Luying Yang
- From the Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität, LMU München, Germany (C.S., T.K., S.S., S.R.M., L.Y., H.-J.A.)
| | - Sanne L N Brouns
- Department of Biochemistry, CARIM, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (S.L.N.B., J.W.M.H.)
| | - Johan W M Heemskerk
- Department of Biochemistry, CARIM, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (S.L.N.B., J.W.M.H.)
| | - Attila Braun
- Walther-Straub-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, German Center for Lung Research, Germany (A.B.)
| | - Twan Lammers
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging (D.M., M.B., T.L.), RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Germany
| | - Peter Boor
- Department of Nephrology, Institute of Pathology (B.M.K, P.B.), RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Germany
| | - Hans-Joachim Anders
- From the Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität, LMU München, Germany (C.S., T.K., S.S., S.R.M., L.Y., H.-J.A.)
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17
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Mulay SR, Steiger S, Shi C, Anders HJ. A guide to crystal-related and nano- or microparticle-related tissue responses. FEBS J 2020; 287:818-832. [PMID: 31829497 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Crystals and nano- and microparticles form inside the human body from intrinsic proteins, minerals, or metabolites or enter the body as particulate matter from occupational and environmental sources. Associated tissue injuries and diseases mostly develop from cellular responses to such crystal deposits and include inflammation, cell necrosis, granuloma formation, tissue fibrosis, and stone-related obstruction of excretory organs. But how do crystals and nano- and microparticles trigger these biological processes? Which pathomechanisms are identical across different particle types, sizes, and shapes? In addition, which mechanisms are specific to the atomic or molecular structure of crystals or to specific sizes or shapes? Do specific cellular or molecular mechanisms qualify as target for therapeutic interventions? Here, we provide a guide to approach this diverse and multidisciplinary research domain. We give an overview about the clinical spectrum of crystallopathies, about shared and specific pathomechanisms as a conceptual overview before digging deeper into the specialty field of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shrikant R Mulay
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Stefanie Steiger
- Renal Division, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, LMU Munich, Germany
| | - Chongxu Shi
- Renal Division, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, LMU Munich, Germany
| | - Hans-Joachim Anders
- Renal Division, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, LMU Munich, Germany
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18
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Page MJ, Bester J, Pretorius E. The inflammatory effects of TNF-α and complement component 3 on coagulation. Sci Rep 2018; 8:1812. [PMID: 29379088 PMCID: PMC5789054 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-20220-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and complement component 3 (C3) are two well-known pro-inflammatory molecules. When TNF-α is upregulated, it contributes to changes in coagulation and causes C3 induction. They both interact with receptors on platelets and erythrocytes (RBCs). Here, we look at the individual effects of C3 and TNF-α, by adding low levels of the molecules to whole blood and platelet poor plasma. We used thromboelastography, wide-field microscopy and scanning electron microscopy to study blood clot formation, as well as structural changes to RBCs and platelets. Clot formation was significantly different from the naïve sample for both the molecules. Furthermore, TNF-α exposure to whole blood resulted in platelet clumping and activation and we noted spontaneous plasma protein dense matted deposits. C3 exposure did not cause platelet aggregation, and only slight pseudopodia formation was noted. Therefore, although C3 presence has an important function to cause TNF-α release, it does not necessarily by itself cause platelet activation or RBC damage at these low concentrations. We conclude by suggesting that our laboratory results can be translated into clinical practice by incorporating C3 and TNF-α measurements into broad spectrum analysis assays, like multiplex technology, as a step closer to a patient-orientated, precision medicine approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin J Page
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, MATIELAND, 7602, South Africa
| | - Janette Bester
- Department of Physiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0007, South Africa
| | - Etheresia Pretorius
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, MATIELAND, 7602, South Africa.
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Network pharmacology exploration reveals endothelial inflammation as a common mechanism for stroke and coronary artery disease treatment of Danhong injection. Sci Rep 2017; 7:15427. [PMID: 29133791 PMCID: PMC5684234 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14692-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Although Danhong injection (DHI) is the most widely prescribed Chinese medicine for both stroke and coronary artery disease (CAD), its underlying common molecular mechanisms remain unclear. An integrated network pharmacology and experimental verification approach was used to decipher common pharmacological mechanisms of DHI on stroke and CAD treatment. A compound-target-disease & function-pathway network was constructed and analyzed, indicating that 37 ingredients derived from DH (Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge., Flos Carthami tinctorii and DHI) modulated 68 common targets shared by stroke and CAD. In-depth network analysis results of the top diseases, functions, pathways and upstream regulators implied that a common underlying mechanism linking DHI’s role in stroke and CAD treatment was inflammatory response in the process of atherosclerosis. Experimentally, DHI exerted comprehensive anti-inflammatory effects on LPS, ox-LDL or cholesterol crystal-induced NF-κB, c-jun and p38 activation, as well as IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-10 secretion in vascular endothelial cells. Ten of 14 predicted ingredients were verified to have significant anti-inflammatory activities on LPS-induced endothelial inflammation. DHI exerts pharmacological efficacies on both stroke and CAD through multi-ingredient, multi-target, multi-function and multi-pathway mode. Anti-endothelial inflammation therapy serves as a common underlying mechanism. This study provides a new understanding of DHI in clinical application on cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.
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20
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Li X, Bayliss G, Zhuang S. Cholesterol Crystal Embolism and Chronic Kidney Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E1120. [PMID: 28538699 PMCID: PMC5485944 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18061120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2017] [Revised: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal disease caused by cholesterol crystal embolism (CCE) occurs when cholesterol crystals become lodged in small renal arteries after small pieces of atheromatous plaques break off from the aorta or renal arteries and shower the downstream vascular bed. CCE is a multisystemic disease but kidneys are particularly vulnerable to atheroembolic disease, which can cause an acute, subacute, or chronic decline in renal function. This life-threatening disease may be underdiagnosed and overlooked as a cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD) among patients with advanced atherosclerosis. CCE can result from vascular surgery, angiography, or administration of anticoagulants. Atheroembolic renal disease has various clinical features that resemble those found in other kidney disorders and systemic diseases. It is commonly misdiagnosed in clinic, but confirmed by characteristic renal biopsy findings. Therapeutic options are limited, and prognosis is considered to be poor. Expanding knowledge of atheroembolic renal disease due to CCE opens perspectives for recognition, diagnosis, and treatment of this cause of progressive renal insufficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuezhu Li
- Division of Nephrology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China.
| | - George Bayliss
- Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA.
| | - Shougang Zhuang
- Division of Nephrology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China.
- Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA.
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21
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Zimmer S, Grebe A, Bakke SS, Bode N, Halvorsen B, Ulas T, Skjelland M, De Nardo D, Labzin LI, Kerksiek A, Hempel C, Heneka MT, Hawxhurst V, Fitzgerald ML, Trebicka J, Björkhem I, Gustafsson JÅ, Westerterp M, Tall AR, Wright SD, Espevik T, Schultze JL, Nickenig G, Lütjohann D, Latz E. Cyclodextrin promotes atherosclerosis regression via macrophage reprogramming. Sci Transl Med 2016; 8:333ra50. [PMID: 27053774 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aad6100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 247] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory disease linked to elevated blood cholesterol concentrations. Despite ongoing advances in the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis, cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of death worldwide. Continuous retention of apolipoprotein B-containing lipoproteins in the subendothelial space causes a local overabundance of free cholesterol. Because cholesterol accumulation and deposition of cholesterol crystals (CCs) trigger a complex inflammatory response, we tested the efficacy of the cyclic oligosaccharide 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (CD), a compound that increases cholesterol solubility in preventing and reversing atherosclerosis. We showed that CD treatment of murine atherosclerosis reduced atherosclerotic plaque size and CC load and promoted plaque regression even with a continued cholesterol-rich diet. Mechanistically, CD increased oxysterol production in both macrophages and human atherosclerotic plaques and promoted liver X receptor (LXR)-mediated transcriptional reprogramming to improve cholesterol efflux and exert anti-inflammatory effects. In vivo, this CD-mediated LXR agonism was required for the antiatherosclerotic and anti-inflammatory effects of CD as well as for augmented reverse cholesterol transport. Because CD treatment in humans is safe and CD beneficially affects key mechanisms of atherogenesis, it may therefore be used clinically to prevent or treat human atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Zimmer
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik II, University Hospital Bonn, 53105 Bonn, Germany
| | - Alena Grebe
- Institute of Innate Immunity, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Siril S Bakke
- Institute of Innate Immunity, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany. German Center of Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 53127 Bonn, Germany. Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7489 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Niklas Bode
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik II, University Hospital Bonn, 53105 Bonn, Germany
| | - Bente Halvorsen
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Thomas Ulas
- Genomics and Immunoregulation, Life and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Mona Skjelland
- Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Dominic De Nardo
- Institute of Innate Immunity, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany. Inflammation Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia. Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Larisa I Labzin
- Institute of Innate Immunity, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Anja Kerksiek
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry und Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, 53105 Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Michael T Heneka
- Clinic and Polyclinic for Neurology, University Hospital Bonn, 53105 Bonn, Germany
| | - Victoria Hawxhurst
- Lipid Metabolism Unit, Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Michael L Fitzgerald
- Lipid Metabolism Unit, Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Jonel Trebicka
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, University Hospital Bonn, 53105 Bonn, Germany. Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Ingemar Björkhem
- Division of Clinical Chemistry, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge University Hospital, 141 86 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Jan-Åke Gustafsson
- Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77004, USA
| | - Marit Westerterp
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Alan R Tall
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | | | - Terje Espevik
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7489 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Joachim L Schultze
- German Center of Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 53127 Bonn, Germany. Genomics and Immunoregulation, Life and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Georg Nickenig
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik II, University Hospital Bonn, 53105 Bonn, Germany
| | - Dieter Lütjohann
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry und Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, 53105 Bonn, Germany
| | - Eicke Latz
- Institute of Innate Immunity, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany. German Center of Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 53127 Bonn, Germany. Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7489 Trondheim, Norway. Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA.
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22
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Lappegård KT, Enebakk T, Thunhaug H, Ludviksen JK, Mollnes TE, Hovland A. LDL apheresis activates the complement system and the cytokine network, whereas PCSK9 inhibition with evolocumab induces no inflammatory response. J Clin Lipidol 2016; 10:1481-1487. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacl.2016.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2016] [Revised: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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23
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Niyonzima N, Halvorsen B, Sporsheim B, Garred P, Aukrust P, Mollnes TE, Espevik T. Complement activation by cholesterol crystals triggers a subsequent cytokine response. Mol Immunol 2016; 84:43-50. [PMID: 27692470 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2016.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In the host a diverse collection of endogenous danger signals is constantly generated consisting of waste material as protein aggregates or crystalline materials that are recognized and handled by soluble pattern recognition receptors and phagocytic cells of the innate immune system. These signals may under certain circumstances drive processes leading to adverse inflammation. One example is cholesterol crystals (CC) that accumulate in the vessel wall during early phases of atherogenesis and represent an important endogenous danger signal promoting inflammation. CC is recognized by the lectin- and classical pathways of the complement system resulting in activation of C3 and C5 with release of inflammatory mediators like the potent C5a fragment. Complement activation by CC leads to crosstalk with the NLRP3 inflammasome-caspase-1 pathway and production of IL-1β. Neutralization of IL-1β may have beneficial effects on atherosclerosis and a large clinical trial with an IL-1β inhibitor is currently in progress (the CANTOS study). However, upstream inhibition of CC-induced inflammation by using a complement inhibitor may be more efficient in treating atherosclerosis since this will block initiation of inflammation processes before downstream release of cytokines including IL-1β. Another therapeutic candidate can be broad-acting 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin, a compound that targets several mechanisms such as cholesterol efflux, complement gene expression, and the NLRP3 pathway. In summary, emerging evidence show that complement is a key upstream player in the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis and that therapy aiming at inhibiting complement could be effective in controlling atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Niyonzima
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway; MRC Centre for Transplantation, Division of Transplant Immunology and Mucosal Biology, King's College London, SE1 9RT London, UK
| | - Bente Halvorsen
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Rikshospitalet, 0424 Oslo, Norway; K.J. Jebsen Inflammation Research Centre, University of Oslo, 0318 Oslo, Norway
| | - Bjørnar Sporsheim
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Peter Garred
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Pål Aukrust
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Rikshospitalet, 0424 Oslo, Norway; K.J. Jebsen Inflammation Research Centre, University of Oslo, 0318 Oslo, Norway; Section of Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, 0424 Oslo, Norway; Institute of clinical medicine, University of Oslo, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Tom Eirik Mollnes
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway; K.J. Jebsen Inflammation Research Centre, University of Oslo, 0318 Oslo, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine and K.J. Jebsen TREC University of Tromsø, 9037 Tromsø, Norway; Research Laboratory, Nordland Hospital, 8092 Bodø, Norway; Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, 0027 Oslo, Norway
| | - Terje Espevik
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway.
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24
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Bode N, Grebe A, Kerksiek A, Lütjohann D, Werner N, Nickenig G, Latz E, Zimmer S. Ursodeoxycholic acid impairs atherogenesis and promotes plaque regression by cholesterol crystal dissolution in mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 478:356-362. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.07.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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25
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernardo S. Franklin
- Institute of Innate Immunity, University Hospitals, University of Bonn, Bonn 53127, Germany; , ,
| | - Matthew S. Mangan
- Institute of Innate Immunity, University Hospitals, University of Bonn, Bonn 53127, Germany; , ,
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn 53175, Germany
| | - Eicke Latz
- Institute of Innate Immunity, University Hospitals, University of Bonn, Bonn 53127, Germany; , ,
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn 53175, Germany
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim 7491, Norway
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26
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Huang Z, Chen C, Li S, Kong F, Shan P, Huang W. Serum Markers of Endothelial Dysfunction and Inflammation Increase in Hypertension with Prediabetes Mellitus. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2016; 20:322-7. [PMID: 27167462 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2015.0255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS The aim of this study was to examine endothelial dysfunction and inflammation in hypertension and prediabetes by studying adhesion molecules and inflammatory factors. METHODS AND RESULTS This study included 133 outpatients. Participants were categorized into three groups based on the presence or absence of hypertension and prediabetes: control subjects without prediabetes and hypertension (N group, n = 39); patients with hypertension only (H group, n = 34); and patients with hypertension and prediabetes (HD group, n = 60). Hypertension was diagnosed according to JNC7 criteria. Prediabetes was defined according to 2010 American Diabetes Association criteria. Plasma was isolated from overnight fasting blood samples for enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) analysis of concentrations of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), P-selectin, and interleukin-6 (IL-6) as indicators of endothelial function and inflammation. We found that the H and HD groups showed significantly higher levels of all four biomarkers compared with the N group (all p < 0.01). The HD group also showed significantly higher levels of ICAM-1 (p = 0.042) and TNF-α (p < 0.01) compared with the H group; no significant differences in P-selectin (p = 0.59) and IL-6 (p = 0.70) levels were observed among these groups. CONCLUSIONS Prediabetes and hypertension induce endothelial dysfunction and inflammation by elevating levels of soluble adhesion molecules and inflammatory cytokines. The comorbidity of these diseases may exacerbate inflammation and endothelial dysfunction by enhancing the expression of ICAM-1 and TNF-α.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhouqing Huang
- Department of Cardiology, The Key Lab of Cardiovascular Disease of Wenzhou, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou, P.R. China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The Key Lab of Cardiovascular Disease of Wenzhou, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou, P.R. China
| | - Sheng Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Key Lab of Cardiovascular Disease of Wenzhou, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou, P.R. China
| | - Fanqi Kong
- Department of Cardiology, The Key Lab of Cardiovascular Disease of Wenzhou, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou, P.R. China
| | - Peiren Shan
- Department of Cardiology, The Key Lab of Cardiovascular Disease of Wenzhou, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou, P.R. China
| | - Weijian Huang
- Department of Cardiology, The Key Lab of Cardiovascular Disease of Wenzhou, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou, P.R. China
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Nymo S, Gustavsen A, Nilsson PH, Lau C, Espevik T, Mollnes TE. Human Endothelial Cell Activation by Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus Is Mediated by TNF and IL-1β Secondarily to Activation of C5 and CD14 in Whole Blood. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 196:2293-9. [PMID: 26800874 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1502220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial cells (EC) play a central role in inflammation. E-selectin and ICAM-1 expression are essential for leukocyte recruitment and are good markers of EC activation. Most studies of EC activation are done in vitro using isolated mediators. The aim of the present study was to examine the relative importance of pattern recognition systems and downstream mediators in bacteria-induced EC activation in a physiological relevant human model, using EC incubated with whole blood. HUVEC were incubated with human whole blood. Escherichia coli- and Staphylococcus aureus-induced EC activation was measured by E-selectin and ICAM-1 expression using flow cytometry. The mAb 18D11 was used to neutralize CD14, and the lipid A analog eritoran was used to block TLR4/MD2. C5 cleavage was inhibited using eculizumab, and C5aR1 was blocked by an antagonist. Infliximab and canakinumab were used to neutralize TNF and IL-1β. The EC were minimally activated when bacteria were incubated in serum, whereas a substantial EC activation was seen when the bacteria were incubated in whole blood. E. coli-induced activation was largely CD14-dependent, whereas S. aureus mainly caused a C5aR1-mediated response. Combined CD14 and C5 inhibition reduced E-selectin and ICAM-1 expression by 96 and 98% for E. coli and by 70 and 75% for S. aureus. Finally, the EC activation by both bacteria was completely abolished by combined inhibition of TNF and IL-1β. E. coli and S. aureus activated EC in a CD14- and C5-dependent manner with subsequent leukocyte secretion of TNF and IL-1β mediating the effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stig Nymo
- Research Laboratory, Nordland Hospital, 8092 Bodø, Norway; Faculty of Health Sciences, K. G. Jebsen Thrombosis Research and Expertise Center, University of Tromsø, 9037 Tromsø, Norway; Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, University of Oslo, 0424 Oslo, Norway; K. G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Center, University of Oslo, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Alice Gustavsen
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, University of Oslo, 0424 Oslo, Norway; K. G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Center, University of Oslo, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Per H Nilsson
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, University of Oslo, 0424 Oslo, Norway; K. G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Center, University of Oslo, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Corinna Lau
- Research Laboratory, Nordland Hospital, 8092 Bodø, Norway; Faculty of Health Sciences, K. G. Jebsen Thrombosis Research and Expertise Center, University of Tromsø, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Terje Espevik
- Center of Molecular Inflammation Research, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway; and Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Tom Eirik Mollnes
- Research Laboratory, Nordland Hospital, 8092 Bodø, Norway; Faculty of Health Sciences, K. G. Jebsen Thrombosis Research and Expertise Center, University of Tromsø, 9037 Tromsø, Norway; Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, University of Oslo, 0424 Oslo, Norway; K. G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Center, University of Oslo, 0424 Oslo, Norway; Center of Molecular Inflammation Research, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway; and
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Hovland A, Jonasson L, Garred P, Yndestad A, Aukrust P, Lappegård KT, Espevik T, Mollnes TE. The complement system and toll-like receptors as integrated players in the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis 2015; 241:480-94. [PMID: 26086357 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2015.05.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Revised: 05/08/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Despite recent medical advances, atherosclerosis is a global burden accounting for numerous deaths and hospital admissions. Immune-mediated inflammation is a major component of the atherosclerotic process, but earlier research focus on adaptive immunity has gradually switched towards the role of innate immunity. The complement system and toll-like receptors (TLRs), and the crosstalk between them, may be of particular interest both with respect to pathogenesis and as therapeutic targets in atherosclerosis. Animal studies indicate that inhibition of C3a and C5a reduces atherosclerosis. In humans modified LDL-cholesterol activate complement and TLRs leading to downstream inflammation, and histopathological studies indicate that the innate immune system is present in atherosclerotic lesions. Moreover, clinical studies have demonstrated that both complement and TLRs are upregulated in atherosclerotic diseases, although interventional trials have this far been disappointing. However, based on recent research showing an intimate interplay between complement and TLRs we propose a model in which combined inhibition of both complement and TLRs may represent a potent anti-inflammatory therapeutic approach to reduce atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders Hovland
- Coronary Care Unit, Division of Internal Medicine, Nordland Hospital, 8092 Bodø, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø, 9019 Tromsø, Norway.
| | - Lena Jonasson
- Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, 581 83 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Peter Garred
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631 Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Arne Yndestad
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine and Section of Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, 0372 Oslo, Norway; K.G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Centre, University of Oslo, 0318 Oslo, Norway
| | - Pål Aukrust
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine and Section of Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, 0372 Oslo, Norway; K.G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Centre, University of Oslo, 0318 Oslo, Norway
| | - Knut T Lappegård
- Coronary Care Unit, Division of Internal Medicine, Nordland Hospital, 8092 Bodø, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø, 9019 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Terje Espevik
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, and Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Tom E Mollnes
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø, 9019 Tromsø, Norway; K.G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Centre, University of Oslo, 0318 Oslo, Norway; Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, and Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, 7491 Trondheim, Norway; Research Laboratory, Nordland Hospital, 8092 Bodø, Norway; Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet and University of Oslo, 0372 Oslo, Norway; K.G. Jebsen Thrombosis Research and Expertise Center, University of Tromsø, 9019 Tromsø, Norway
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29
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Niyonzima N, Samstad EO, Aune MH, Ryan L, Bakke SS, Rokstad AM, Wright SD, Damås JK, Mollnes TE, Latz E, Espevik T. Reconstituted High-Density Lipoprotein Attenuates Cholesterol Crystal-Induced Inflammatory Responses by Reducing Complement Activation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 195:257-64. [PMID: 26026058 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1403044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation of the arterial wall is a key element in the development of atherosclerosis, and cholesterol crystals (CC) that accumulate in plaques are associated with initiation and progression of the disease. We recently revealed a link between the complement system and CC-induced inflammasome caspase-1 activation, showing that the complement system is a key trigger in CC-induced inflammation. HDL exhibits cardioprotective and anti-inflammatory properties thought to explain its inverse correlation to cardiovascular risk. In this study, we sought to determine the effect of reconstituted HDL (rHDL) on CC-induced inflammation in a human whole blood model. rHDL bound to CC and inhibited the CC-induced complement activation as measured by soluble terminal C5b-9 formation and C3c deposition on the CC surface. rHDL attenuated the amount of CC-induced complement receptor 3 (CD11b/CD18) expression on monocytes and granulocytes, as well as reactive oxygen species generation. Moreover, addition of CC to whole blood resulted in release of proinflammatory cytokines that were inhibited by rHDL. Our results support and extend the notion that CC are potent triggers of inflammation, and that rHDL may have a beneficial role in controlling the CC-induced inflammatory responses by inhibiting complement deposition on the crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Niyonzima
- Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Eivind O Samstad
- Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway; Department of Medicine, Ålesund Hospital, Ålesund 6026, Norway
| | - Marie H Aune
- Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Liv Ryan
- Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Siril S Bakke
- Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Anne Mari Rokstad
- Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway; Central Norway Regional Health Authority, Trondheim N-7501, Norway
| | - Samuel D Wright
- Cardiovascular Therapeutics, CSL Behring, King of Prussia, PA 19406
| | - Jan K Damås
- Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Tom E Mollnes
- Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway; Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo N-0027, Norway; K.G. Jebsen Inflammatory Research Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo N-0027, Norway; Research Laboratory, Nordland Hospital, Bodø N-8092, Norway; K.G. Jebsen Thrombosis Research and Expertise Center, University of Tromsø, Tromsø N-9037, Norway; and
| | - Eicke Latz
- Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway; Biomedical Center, Institute of Innate Immunity, University of Bonn, Bonn 53127, Germany
| | - Terje Espevik
- Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway;
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Lilledahl MB, Gustafsson H, Ellingsen PG, Zachrisson H, Hallbeck M, Hagen VS, Kildemo M, Lindgren M. Combined imaging of oxidative stress and microscopic structure reveals new features in human atherosclerotic plaques. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2015; 20:20503. [PMID: 25714991 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.20.2.020503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Human atherosclerotic samples collected by carotid endarterectomy were investigated using electronic paramagnetic resonance imaging (EPRI) for visualization of reactive oxygen species, and nonlinear optical microscopy (NLOM) to study structural features. Regions of strong EPRI signal, indicating a higher concentration of reactive oxygen species and increased inflammation, were found to colocalize with regions dense in cholesterol crystals as revealed by NLOM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magnus B Lilledahl
- Norwegian University of Science and Technoogy, Department of Physics, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Håkan Gustafsson
- Linköping University, Department of Clinical Engineering, Radiation Physics, SE-581 83 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Pål Gunnar Ellingsen
- Norwegian University of Science and Technoogy, Department of Physics, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Helene Zachrisson
- Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, SE-581 83 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Martin Hallbeck
- Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, SE-581 83 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Vegard Stenhjem Hagen
- Norwegian University of Science and Technoogy, Department of Physics, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Morten Kildemo
- Norwegian University of Science and Technoogy, Department of Physics, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Mikael Lindgren
- Norwegian University of Science and Technoogy, Department of Physics, 7491 Trondheim, NorwayeLinköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, SE-581 83 Linköping, Sweden
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31
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Xing EM, Wu S, Ponder KP. The effect of Tlr4 and/or C3 deficiency and of neonatal gene therapy on skeletal disease in mucopolysaccharidosis VII mice. Mol Genet Metab 2015; 114:209-16. [PMID: 25559179 PMCID: PMC4381425 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2014.12.305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2014] [Revised: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) VII is a lysosomal storage disorder caused by the deficiency of the enzyme β-glucuronidase (Gusb(-/-)) and results in glycosaminoglycan (GAG) accumulation. Skeletal abnormalities include stunted long bones and bone degeneration. GAGs have been hypothesized to activate toll-like receptor 4 (Tlr4) signaling and the complement pathway, resulting in upregulation of inflammatory cytokines that suppress growth and cause degeneration of the bone. Gusb(-/-) mice were bred with Tlr4- and complement component 3 (C3)-deficient mice, and the skeletal manifestations of the doubly- and triply-deficient mice were compared to those of purebred Gusb(-/-) mice. Radiographs showed that purebred Gusb(-/-) mice had shorter tibias and femurs, and wider femurs, compared to normal mice. No improvement was seen in Tlr4, C3, or Tlr4/C3-deficient Gusb(-/-) mice. The glenoid cavity and humerus were scored on a scale from 0 (normal) to +3 (severely abnormal) for dysplasia and bone irregularities, and the joint space was measured. No improvement was seen in Tlr4, C3, or Tlr4/C3-deficient Gusb(-/-) mice, and their joint space remained abnormally wide. Gusb(-/-) mice treated neonatally with an intravenous retroviral vector (RV) had thinner femurs, longer legs, and a narrowed joint space compared with untreated purebred Gusb(-/-) mice, but no improvement in glenohumeral degeneration. We conclude that Tlr4- and/or C3-deficiency fail to ameliorate skeletal abnormalities, and other pathways may be involved. RV treatment improves some but not all aspects of bone disease. Radiographs may be an efficient method for future evaluation, as they readily show glenohumeral joint abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth M Xing
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Susan Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Katherine P Ponder
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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Li J, Zhang K, Wu J, Liao Y, Yang P, Huang N. Co-culture of endothelial cells and patterned smooth muscle cells on titanium: Construction with high density of endothelial cells and low density of smooth muscle cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 456:555-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.10.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 10/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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