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Jin X, You L, Qiao J, Han W, Pan H. Autophagy in colitis-associated colon cancer: exploring its potential role in reducing initiation and preventing IBD-Related CAC development. Autophagy 2024; 20:242-258. [PMID: 37723664 PMCID: PMC10813649 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2023.2259214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023] Open
Abstract
ABBREVIATIONS A. muciniphila: Akkermansia muciniphila; AIEC: adherent invasive Escherichia coli; AOM/DSS: azoxymethane-dextran sodium sulfate; ATG: autophagy related; BECN1: beclin1, autophagy related; CAC: colitis-associated colon cancer; CCDC50: coiled-coil domain containing 50; CLDN2: claudin 2; CoPEC: colibactin-producing Escherichia coli; CRC: colorectal cancer; DAMPs: danger/damage-associated molecular patterns; DC: dendritic cell; DSS: dextran sulfate sodium; DTP: drug-resistant persistent; ER: endoplasmic reticulum; ERN1/IRE1α: endoplasmic reticulum to nucleus signaling 1; IBD: inflammatory bowel disease; IECs: intestinal epithelial cells; IKK: IkappaB kinase; IL: interleukin; IRGM1: immunity-related GTPase family M member 1; ISC: intestinal stem cell; LPS: lipopolysaccharide; MAP1LC3/LC3: microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3; MAPK: mitogen-activated protein kinase; MDP: muramyl dipeptide; MELK: maternal embryonic leucine zipper kinase; MHC: major histocompatibility complex; miRNA: microRNA; MTOR: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase; NLRP3: NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3; NOD2: nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 2; NRBF2: nuclear receptor binding factor 2; PAMPs: pathogen-associated molecular patterns; PI3K: class I phosphoinositide 3-kinase; PtdIns3K: class III phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; PYCARD/ASC: PYD and CARD domain containing; RALGAPA2/RalGAPα2: Ral GTPase activating protein protein, alpha subunit 2 (catalytic); RIPK2/CARD3: receptor (TNFRSF)-interacting serine-threonine kinase 2; RIPK3: receptor-interacting serine-threonine kinase 3; ROS: reactive oxygen species; sCRC: sporadic colorectal cancer; SMARCA4/BRG1: SWI/SNF related, matrix associated, actin dependent regulator of chromatin, subfamily a, member 4; SQSTM1: sequestosome 1; STAT3: signal transducer and activator of transcription 3; TNF/TNFA: tumor necrosis factor; ULK1: unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1; UPR: unfolded protein response; WT: wild-type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanhong Jin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Liangkun You
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jincheng Qiao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weidong Han
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hongming Pan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Wang W, Yang W, Sun J, Yao H, Wang L, Song L. A autophagy related-like protein 16-1 promotes the formation of autophagosomes and autolysosomes in antibacterial immune response of Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 147:104748. [PMID: 37276929 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2023.104748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy related 16-like (ATG16L) protein is a core autophagy protein, which promotes the extension of autophagosome membrane through microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 (LC3). In the present study, an ATG16L was identified from oyster Crassostrea gigas (defined as CgATG16L1). The full-length cDNA of CgATG16L1 was of 3184 bp with an open reading frame of 1650 bp that encoded a polypeptide of 549 amino acids. There was an ATG5-interacting motif (AFIM) domain, a coiled-coil (CC) domain and seven tryptophan-aspartic acid 40 (WD40) repeats in CgATG16L1. ATG16L1 mRNA was expressed in all the examined tissues with the highest expression in haemolymph (11.22-fold of that in hepatopancreas, p < 0.05). The mRNA expressions of CgATG16L1 in haemocytes increased significantly at 3, 6, 12, 24 and 72 h after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation, which were 81.15-fold, 24.95-fold, 6.02-fold, 3.90-fold and 5.97-fold (p < 0.05) of that in control group, respectively. The green positive signals of CgATG16L1 protein and the red positive signals of CgLC3 protein were dotted in the cytoplasm of agranulocytes, semi-granulocytes and granulocytes. The co-localization of CgATG16L1 and CgLC3 was observed in haemocytes after Vibrio splendidus stimulation. In CgATG16L1-RNAi oysters, the number of autophagosomes and autolysosomes in haemocytes was reduced. All these results suggested that CgATG16L1 participated in the bacteria-induced autophagy process in the haemocytes of oyster response to bacteria invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Wenwen Yang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Jiejie Sun
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Hongsheng Yao
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Lingling Wang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Southern Laboratory of Ocean Science and Engineering (Guangdong, Zhuhai), Zhuhai, 519000, China; Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266235, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology & Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Linsheng Song
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Southern Laboratory of Ocean Science and Engineering (Guangdong, Zhuhai), Zhuhai, 519000, China; Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266235, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology & Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China.
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Rapamycin Alleviates 2,4,6-Trinitrobenzene Sulfonic Acid-Induced Colitis through Autophagy Induction and NF-κB Pathway Inhibition in Mice. Mediators Inflamm 2022; 2022:2923216. [PMID: 36032781 PMCID: PMC9410967 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2923216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recent genetic studies indicated that variants of autophagy genes were associated with the predisposition of Crohn's disease (CD). The autophagy deficiency may affect the innate and adaptive immunity, which is related to persistent and excessive inflammation of the bowel. However, it remains unclear how autophagy modulates the expression of immune response regulator NF-κB and proinflammatory cytokine TNF-α in CD. Aim We aimed to investigate the role of rapamycin on the expression of NF-κB p65 and TNF-α in 2, 4, 6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced mouse colitis and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced HT-29 cells. Methods TNBS-induced colitis mice were treated with saline or rapamycin, and the disease activity index (DAI) and histological scores of colonic mucosa were evaluated. The expressions of p65, ATG16L1 and LC3 were detected by western blot and immunohistochemistry staining. The monodansylcadaverine (MDC) staining and transmission electron microscopy were developed to study the autophagy in LPS-induced HT-29 cells. Expression of TNF-α from colon tissue and HT-29 cells were detected by ELISA. The expressions of p65, ATG16L1 and LC3 in active CD patients were also investigated. Results Significantly more autophagosomes were observed in rapamycin-treated cells than in controls. Rapamycin remarkably upregulated the expression of ATG16L1 and LC3II, inhibited p65 nucleus translocation and secretion of TNF-α both in vivo and in vitro. The expression of both ATG16L1 and LC3II increased in mild to moderate CD specimens, while no significant difference was noted between severe CD and normal controls. The expression of p65 increased notably in severe CD compared to those in mild to moderate patients. Conclusions In LPS-treated HT-29 cells and TNBS-induced colitis, p65 is overexpressed, which results in exaggerated secretion of TNF-α and induce or worsen the inflammation in the bowel. Rapamycin protects against colitis through induction of autophagy, thus inhibiting the activation of NF-κB pathway and secretion of TNF-α.
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Zhang T, Zhang R, Zhao G, Liu W, Pan L, Tong Y, Jiang M, Zhang H, Xiao Z, Pandol SJ, Fu X, Han YP, Zheng X. Plant green pigment of chlorophyllin attenuates inflammatory bowel diseases by suppressing autophagy activation in mice. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2022; 323:G102-G113. [PMID: 35638642 PMCID: PMC9291423 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00291.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), including Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), are intestinal complications characterized by chronic inflammation, autophagy abnormality, and lysosomal stress, which are derived from genetic predisposition and environmental risk factors. It is generally precepted that dietary green vegetable is beneficial for physiological homeostasis. In this study, we found that dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis and altered intestinal epithelia in mice were attenuated by oral administration of chlorophyllin (CHL), a water-soluble derivate of chlorophyll. In DSS-treated mice, autophagy was persistently activated in intestinal tissues and associated with bowel disorders. Conversely, supplement of CHL in diet or gavage suppressed intestinal inflammation, downregulated autophagy flux in intestinal tissue, and relieved endoplasmic reticulum stress. In vitro studies show that CHL could activate Akt and mTOR pathways, leading to downregulation of autophagic and lysosomal flux. Thus, consumption of green vegetables and chlorophyllin may be beneficial for IBD recovery in part through alleviation of inflammation and autolysosomal flux.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic and recurrent gastrointestinal disease, while the etiology remains poorly understood. Dietary composition and lifestyle are crucial for pathogenesis and progression of IBD. In this study, we observed that autophagy in the intestinal tissue was persistently activated in IBD mice. Chlorophyllin (CHL), a water-soluble derivate of chlorophyll, can attenuate colitis by regulating autophagy and inflammation. Thus, consumption of green vegetables and chlorophyllin may be beneficial for IBD recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianci Zhang
- 1The Center for Growth, Metabolism and Aging, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ruofei Zhang
- 1The Center for Growth, Metabolism and Aging, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Guangfu Zhao
- 1The Center for Growth, Metabolism and Aging, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Liu
- 1The Center for Growth, Metabolism and Aging, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Liwei Pan
- 1The Center for Growth, Metabolism and Aging, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ying Tong
- 1The Center for Growth, Metabolism and Aging, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mingshan Jiang
- 2Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hu Zhang
- 2Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhixiong Xiao
- 1The Center for Growth, Metabolism and Aging, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Stephen J. Pandol
- 3Department of Medicine, Cedar-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Xiansheng Fu
- 4The Division of Gastroenterology, The First Associated Hospital of the Chengdu Medical Collage, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuan-Ping Han
- 1The Center for Growth, Metabolism and Aging, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaofeng Zheng
- 5Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Center for Diabetes and
Metabolism Research, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Tai SL, Mortha A. Macrophage control of Crohn's disease. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 367:29-64. [PMID: 35461659 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2022.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The intestinal tract is the body's largest mucosal surface and permanently exposed to microbial and environmental signals. Maintaining a healthy intestine requires the presence of sentinel grounds keeper cells, capable of controlling immunity and tissue homeostasis through specialized functions. Intestinal macrophages are such cells and important players in steady-state functions and during acute and chronic inflammation. Crohn's disease, a chronic inflammatory condition of the intestinal tract is proposed to be the consequence of an altered immune system through microbial and environmental stimulation. This hypothesis suggests an involvement of macrophages in the regulation of this pathology. Within this chapter, we will discuss intestinal macrophage development and highlight data suggesting their implication in chronic intestinal pathologies like Crohn's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siu Ling Tai
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Arthur Mortha
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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Zhang Y, Chen L, Luo Y, Wang K, Liu X, Xiao Z, Zhao G, Yao Y, Lu Z. Pink1/Parkin-Mediated Mitophagy Regulated the Apoptosis of Dendritic Cells in Sepsis. Inflammation 2022; 45:1374-1387. [PMID: 35129770 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-022-01628-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are vital antigen-presenting cells (APCs) in the immune system, whose apoptosis is closely related to the development of sepsis. Mitophagy is one of the necessary forms of selective autophagy that removes damaged or dysfunctional mitochondria to regulate immunity and inflammation. However, its effect on the apoptosis of DC in sepsis remains unknown. Here, we showed that sepsis activated the apoptosis and mitophagy of DC, and mitophagy had an anti-apoptotic effect on sepsis-induced DC apoptosis. In this study, we used cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) to simulate the pathophysiological state of sepsis. Apoptosis and mitophagy of DC were significantly enhanced in CPL mice compared with controls, and in the Pink1-KO (Pink1-knockout) mice CLP model, the level of apoptosis in DC was further increased while the level of mitophagy was decreased. In addition, more severe mitochondrial dysfunction was exhibited in DC of Pink1-KO mice CLP model compared to wild-type (WT) mice. The results suggest that Pink1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy is activated during sepsis and has an anti-apoptotic effect on DC, which regulates immune functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaolu Zhang
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Emergency & Disaster Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Longwang Chen
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Emergency & Disaster Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yinan Luo
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kang Wang
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Emergency & Disaster Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xinyong Liu
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Emergency & Disaster Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhong Xiao
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Emergency & Disaster Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guangju Zhao
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Emergency & Disaster Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yongming Yao
- Trauma Research Center, Fourth Medical of the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
| | - Zhongqiu Lu
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Key Laboratory of Emergency & Disaster Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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Honjo H, Watanabe T, Kamata K, Minaga K, Kudo M. RIPK2 as a New Therapeutic Target in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:650403. [PMID: 33935757 PMCID: PMC8079979 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.650403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are becoming more frequent worldwide. A significant fraction of patients with IBD are refractory to various types of therapeutic biologics and small molecules. Therefore, identification of novel therapeutic targets in IBD is required. Receptor-interacting serine/threonine kinase 2 (RIPK2), also known as receptor-interacting protein 2 (RIP2), is a downstream signaling molecule for nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 1 (NOD1), NOD2, and Toll-like receptors (TLRs). RIPK2 is expressed in antigen-presenting cells, such as dendritic cells and macrophages. Recognition of microbe-associated molecular patterns by NOD1, NOD2, and TLRs leads to the interaction between RIPK2 and these innate immune receptors, followed by the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-12/23p40 through the activation of nuclear factor kappa B and mitogen-activated protein kinases. Thus, activation of RIPK2 plays a critical role in host defense against microbial infections. Recent experimental and clinical studies have provided evidence that activation of RIPK2 is involved in the development of autoimmune diseases, especially IBDs. In addition, the colonic mucosa of patients with IBD exhibits enhanced expression of RIPK2 and associated signaling molecules. Furthermore, the blockage of RIPK2 activation ameliorates the development of experimental murine colitis. Thus, activation of RIPK2 underlies IBD immunopathogenesis. In this review, we attempt to clarify the roles played by RIPK2 in the development of IBD by focusing on its associated signaling pathways. We also discuss the possibility of using RIPK2 as a new therapeutic target in IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajime Honjo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Watanabe
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Japan
| | - Ken Kamata
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Japan
| | - Kosuke Minaga
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Kudo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Japan
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Zhang H, Wang D, Shihb DQ, Zhang XL. Atg16l1 in dendritic cells is required for antibacterial defense and autophagy in murine colitis. IUBMB Life 2020; 72:2686-2695. [PMID: 33159835 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy-related 16-like 1 (Atg16l1) contributes to the susceptibility to ulcerative colitis (UC). The functional consequences of Atg16l1 in UC pathogenesis are poorly understood. We aimed to confirm how Atg16l1 deficiency in dendritic cells (DCs) affects murine colitis development. Atg16l1f/f mice and mice with Atg16l1 deficiency in CD11c+ DCs (Atg16l1ΔDC ) were generated for colitis models induction. Disease activity index, weight loss, colon score/length, and histopathological analysis were assessed for colitis severity. Mononuclear cells from mesenteric lymph node (MLN) were extracted for CD44/CD69 measurement by flow cytometry. Bacterial cultures of MLN and stool homogenates were used to evaluate the bacterial translocation. Bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) were isolated and cultured for immunofluorescence of autophagy-related proteins. Atg16l1 knockout in CD11c+ DCs exacerbated intestinal inflammation of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in vivo. Atg16l1 deficiency in CD11c+ DCs had no effect on the expression of CD44 and CD69. Bacterial translocation showed that bacteria amount in MLN and stool of DSS-induced colitis with Atg16l1 deficiency significantly higher than that of control. Immunofluorescence revealed that Atg16l1 deficiency obviously inhibited co-expression of LC3 and Lamp1 with S. typhimurium, enhanced co-expression of rab5 and rab7 with S. typhimurium, while did not affect Beclin1. We confirmed that Atg16l1 deficiency in DCs exacerbated the intestinal inflammation of DSS-induced colitis. Atg16l1 deficiency in DCs promotes the bacterial translocation of DSS-induced colitis in vivo and regulates autophagy and phagocytosis in BMDCs. Findings provided a novel perspective to study UC pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - David Q Shihb
- Department of Gastroenterology, Cedars-Sinai, Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Xiao-Lan Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
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Honjo H, Watanabe T, Arai Y, Kamata K, Minaga K, Komeda Y, Yamashita K, Kudo M. ATG16L1 negatively regulates RICK/RIP2-mediated innate immune responses. Int Immunol 2020; 33:91-105. [PMID: 32909611 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxaa062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Polymorphisms in the autophagy-related protein 16 like 1 (ATG16L1) and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 2 (NOD2) genes are associated with Crohn's disease (CD). Impaired interaction between ATG16L1 and NOD2 underlies CD immunopathogenesis. Although activation of the receptor-interacting serine/threonine kinase (RICK, also known as RIP2), a downstream signaling molecule for NOD2 and multiple toll-like receptors (TLRs), plays a pathogenic role in the development of inflammatory bowel disease, the molecular interaction between ATG16L1 and RICK/RIP2 remains poorly understood. In this study, we examined the physical interaction between ATG16L1 and RICK/RIP2 in human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK293) cells and human monocyte-derived dendritic cells (DCs) expressing excessive and endogenous levels of these proteins, respectively. We established that ATG16L1 binds to RICK/RIP2 kinase domain and negatively regulates TLR2-mediated nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) activation and proinflammatory cytokine responses by inhibiting the interaction between TLR2 and RICK/RIP2. Binding of ATG16L1 to RICK/RIP2 suppressed NF-κB activation by downregulating RICK/RIP2 polyubiquitination. Notably, the percentage of colonic DCs expressing ATG16L1 inversely correlated with IL-6 and TNF-α expression levels in the colon of CD patients. These data suggest that the interaction between ATG16L1 and RICK/RIP2 maintains intestinal homeostasis via the downregulation of TLR-mediated proinflammatory cytokine responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajime Honjo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine
| | - Tomohiro Watanabe
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine
| | - Yasuyuki Arai
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Ken Kamata
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine
| | - Kosuke Minaga
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine
| | - Yoriaki Komeda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine
| | - Kouhei Yamashita
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Masatoshi Kudo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine
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Constantinovits M, Sipos F, L Kiss A, Műzes G. Preconditioning with cell-free DNA prevents DSS-colitis by promoting cell protective autophagy. J Investig Med 2020; 68:992-1001. [PMID: 32393477 DOI: 10.1136/jim-2020-001296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Presence of cell-free DNA (cfDNA) in sera of patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) is a long-known fact. The biological effect of cfDNA administration on cellular autophagy within normal and inflammatory circumstances remains unclear. In this study, the effects of intravenous cfDNA pretreatment on autophagy response were studied in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced acute experimental colitis. Selected proinflammatory cytokine and autophagy-related gene and protein expressions were compared with clinical and histological activity parameters, and with transmission electron microscopic evaluations. A single intravenous dose of cfDNA pretreatment with cfDNA from colitis exhibited beneficial response concerning the clinical and histological severity of DSS-colitis as compared with effects of normal cfDNA. Pretreatment with colitis-derived cfDNA substantially altered the gene and protein expression of several autophagy and inflammatory cytokine genes in a clinically favorable manner. Autophagy in splenocytes is also altered after colitis-derived cfDNA pretreatment. During the process of acute colitis, the subsequent inflammatory environment presumably results in changes of cfDNA with the potential to facilitate cell protective autophagy. Understanding the molecular mechanisms behind the impact of colitis-associated autophagy, and elucidating alterations of the interaction between autophagy and innate immunity caused by nucleic acids may provide further insight into the etiology of IBD. By targeting or modifying cfDNA, novel anti-inflammatory therapies may be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miklós Constantinovits
- Immunology Research Team, 2nd Department of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Sipos
- Immunology Research Team, 2nd Department of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anna L Kiss
- Department of Human Morphology and Developmental Biology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Györgyi Műzes
- Immunology Research Team, 2nd Department of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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Larabi A, Barnich N, Nguyen HTT. New insights into the interplay between autophagy, gut microbiota and inflammatory responses in IBD. Autophagy 2020; 16:38-51. [PMID: 31286804 PMCID: PMC6984609 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2019.1635384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 389] [Impact Index Per Article: 97.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the most significant challenges of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) research is to understand how alterations in the symbiotic relationship between the genetic composition of the host and the intestinal microbiota, under impact of specific environmental factors, lead to chronic intestinal inflammation. Genome-wide association studies, followed by functional studies, have identified a role for numerous autophagy genes in IBD, especially in Crohn disease. Studies using in vitro and in vivo models, in addition to human clinical studies have revealed that autophagy is pivotal for intestinal homeostasis maintenance, gut ecology regulation, appropriate intestinal immune responses and anti-microbial protection. This review describes the latest researches on the mechanisms by which dysfunctional autophagy leads to disrupted intestinal epithelial function, gut dysbiosis, defect in anti-microbial peptide secretion by Paneth cells, endoplasmic reticulum stress response and aberrant immune responses to pathogenic bacteria. A better understanding of the role of autophagy in IBD pathogenesis may provide better sub-classification of IBD phenotypes and novel approaches for disease management.Abbreviations: AIEC: adherent-invasive Escherichia coli; AMPK: AMP-activated protein kinase; ATF6: activating transcription factor 6; ATG: autophagy related; Atg16l1[ΔIEC] mice: mice with Atg16l1 depletion specifically in intestinal epithelial cells; Atg16l1[HM] mice: mice hypomorphic for Atg16l1 expression; BCL2: B cell leukemia/lymphoma 2; BECN1: beclin 1, autophagy related; CALCOCO2: calcium binding and coiled-coil domain 2; CASP: caspase; CD: Crohn disease; CGAS: cyclic GMP-AMP synthase; CHUK/IKKA: conserved helix-loop-helix ubiquitous kinase; CLDN2: claudin 2; DAPK1: death associated protein kinase 1; DCs: dendritic cells; DSS: dextran sulfate sodium; EIF2A: eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2A; EIF2AK: eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha kinase; ER: endoplasmic reticulum; ERBIN: Erbb2 interacting protein; ERN1/IRE1A: ER to nucleus signaling 1; FNBP1L: formin binding protein 1-like; FOXP3: forkhead box P3; GPR65: G-protein coupled receptor 65; GSK3B: glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta; IBD: inflammatory bowel disease; IECs: intestinal epithelial cells; IFN: interferon; IL: interleukin; IL10R: interleukin 10 receptor; IRGM: immunity related GTPase M; ISC: intestinal stem cell; LAMP1: lysosomal-associated membrane protein 1; LAP: LC3-associated phagocytosis; MAP1LC3B: microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta; LPS: lipopolysaccharide; LRRK2: leucine-rich repeat kinase 2; MAPK: mitogen-activated protein kinase; MHC: major histocompatibility complex; MIF: macrophage migration inhibitory factor; MIR/miRNA: microRNA; MTMR3: myotubularin related protein 3; MTOR: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase; MYD88: myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88; NLRP3: NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3; NOD2: nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 2; NPC: Niemann-Pick disease type C; NPC1: NPC intracellular cholesterol transporter 1; OMVs: outer membrane vesicles; OPTN: optineurin; PI3K: phosphoinositide 3-kinase; PRR: pattern-recognition receptor; PTPN2: protein tyrosine phosphatase, non-receptor type 2; PTPN22: protein tyrosine phosphatase, non-receptor type 22 (lymphoid); PYCARD/ASC: PYD and CARD domain containing; RAB2A: RAB2A, member RAS oncogene family; RELA: v-rel reticuloendotheliosis viral oncogene homolog A (avian); RIPK2: receptor (TNFRSF)-interacting serine-threonine kinase 2; ROS: reactive oxygen species; SNPs: single nucleotide polymorphisms; SQSTM1: sequestosome 1; TAX1BP1: Tax1 binding protein 1; Th: T helper 1; TIRAP/TRIF: toll-interleukin 1 receptor (TIR) domain-containing adaptor protein; TLR: toll-like receptor; TMEM173/STING: transmembrane protein 173; TMEM59: transmembrane protein 59; TNF/TNFA: tumor necrosis factor; Treg: regulatory T; TREM1: triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 1; UC: ulcerative colitis; ULK1: unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1; WT: wild-type; XBP1: X-box binding protein 1; XIAP: X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anaïs Larabi
- M2iSH, UMR 1071 Inserm, INRA USC 2018, CRNH, University of Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Nicolas Barnich
- M2iSH, UMR 1071 Inserm, INRA USC 2018, CRNH, University of Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Hang Thi Thu Nguyen
- M2iSH, UMR 1071 Inserm, INRA USC 2018, CRNH, University of Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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12
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Wang SL, Shao BZ, Zhao SB, Chang X, Wang P, Miao CY, Li ZS, Bai Y. Intestinal autophagy links psychosocial stress with gut microbiota to promote inflammatory bowel disease. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:391. [PMID: 31564717 PMCID: PMC6766473 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1634-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Revised: 04/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Psychosocial stress is a critical inducing factor of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), while autophagy is a novel central issue of IBD development. The present study investigated the potential role of autophagy in stress-related IBD in patients and animal model. The correlation between psychosocial stress and intestinal autophagy was determined in 23 patients with IBD. Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), a well-established inducer of psychosocial stress, was administrated in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced IBD mice and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM). In IBD patients, the autophagy markers beclin-1, LC3-II/I ratio, Atg16L1, and Atg4B were significantly enhanced. The psychosocial stress score was positively associated with the levels of beclin-1 and the LC3II/I ratio in intestinal biopsy specimens. In IBD mouse model, CRH significantly aggravated intestinal inflammation, increased Paneth cell metaplasia, and enhanced intestinal autophagy (beclin-1, Atg16L1, PIK3R4, and Atg4B upregulation; GAA, CTSD, and PPKAA1 downregulation). Additionally, the CRH-induced gut microbial dysbiosis was evidenced by a marked increase in the number of detrimental bacteria. In LPS-stimulated BMDM, CRH substantially increased M1/M2 polarization and thus promoted inflammation. In both IBD mice and LPS-treated BMDM, blockade of autophagy by chloroquine abrogated the unbeneficial effects of CRH, whereas autophagy inducer rapamycin resulted in a pronounced protective effect against IBD lesion. Our data demonstrate that psychosocial stress may link the enhanced intestinal autophagy by modulating gut microbiota and inflammation to aggravate IBD. These data indicate autophagy as a promising therapeutic target for psychosocial stress-related IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Ling Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University/Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo-Zong Shao
- General Hospital of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China
| | - Sheng-Bing Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University/Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Chang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University/Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Pei Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University/Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao-Yu Miao
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University/Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Zhao-Shen Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University/Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yu Bai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University/Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China.
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13
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Wu Y, Tang L, Wang B, Sun Q, Zhao P, Li W. The role of autophagy in maintaining intestinal mucosal barrier. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:19406-19419. [PMID: 31020664 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The intestinal mucosal barrier is the first line to defense against luminal content penetration and performs numerous biological functions. The intestinal epithelium contains a huge surface that is lined by a monolayer of intestinal epithelial cells (IECs). IECs are dominant mediators in maintaining intestinal homeostasis that drive diverse functions including nutrient absorption, physical segregation, secretion of antibacterial peptides, and modulation of immune responses. Autophagy is a cellular self-protection mechanism in response to various stresses, and accumulating studies have revealed its importance in participating physiological processes of IECs. The regulatory effects of autophagy depend on the specific IEC types. This review aims to elucidate the myriad roles of autophagy in regulating the functions of different IECs (stem cells, enterocytes, goblet cells, and Paneth cells), and present the progress of autophagy-targeting therapy in intestinal diseases. Understanding the involved mechanisms can provide new preventive and therapeutic strategies for gastrointestinal dysfunction and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Wu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li Tang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Baikui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiming Sun
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Pengwei Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weifen Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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14
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Haq S, Grondin J, Banskota S, Khan WI. Autophagy: roles in intestinal mucosal homeostasis and inflammation. J Biomed Sci 2019; 26:19. [PMID: 30764829 PMCID: PMC6375151 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-019-0512-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestinal mucosa is a site of multiple stressors and forms the barrier between the internal and external environment. In the intestine, a complex interplay between the microbiota, epithelial barrier and the local immune system maintains homeostasis and promotes a healthy gut. One of the major cellular catabolic processes that regulate this homeostasis is autophagy. Autophagy is required to maintain anti-microbial defense, epithelial barrier integrity and mucosal immune response. Dysregulation of the autophagy process causes disruption of several aspects of the intestinal epithelium and the immune system that can lead to an inappropriate immune response and subsequent inflammation. Genome-wide association studies have found an association between several risk loci in autophagy genes and inflammatory bowel disease. The aim of the current review is to provide an update on the role of autophagy in intestinal mucosal physiology and in the control of inappropriate inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabah Haq
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8N 3Z5, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Room 3N7, Hamilton, ON, L8N 3Z5, Canada
| | - Jensine Grondin
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8N 3Z5, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Room 3N7, Hamilton, ON, L8N 3Z5, Canada
| | - Suhrid Banskota
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8N 3Z5, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Room 3N7, Hamilton, ON, L8N 3Z5, Canada
| | - Waliul I Khan
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8N 3Z5, Canada. .,Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Room 3N7, Hamilton, ON, L8N 3Z5, Canada.
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15
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Iida T, Yokoyama Y, Wagatsuma K, Hirayama D, Nakase H. Impact of Autophagy of Innate Immune Cells on Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Cells 2018; 8:cells8010007. [PMID: 30583538 PMCID: PMC6356773 DOI: 10.3390/cells8010007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy, an intracellular degradation mechanism, has many immunological functions and is a constitutive process necessary for maintaining cellular homeostasis and organ structure. One of the functions of autophagy is to control the innate immune response. Many studies conducted in recent years have revealed the contribution of autophagy to the innate immune response, and relationships between this process and various diseases have been reported. Inflammatory bowel disease is an intractable disorder with unknown etiology; however, immunological abnormalities in the intestines are known to be involved in the pathology of inflammatory bowel disease, as is dysfunction of autophagy. In Crohn's disease, many associations with autophagy-related genes, such as ATG16L1, IRGM, NOD2, and others, have been reported. Abnormalities in the ATG16L1 gene, in particular, have been reported to cause autophagic dysfunction, resulting in enhanced production of inflammatory cytokines by macrophages as well as abnormal function of Paneth cells, which are important in intestinal innate immunity. In this review, we provide an overview of the autophagy mechanism in innate immune cells in inflammatory bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoya Iida
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8543, Japan.
| | - Yoshihiro Yokoyama
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8543, Japan.
| | - Kohei Wagatsuma
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8543, Japan.
| | - Daisuke Hirayama
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8543, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Nakase
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8543, Japan.
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16
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Merkley SD, Chock CJ, Yang XO, Harris J, Castillo EF. Modulating T Cell Responses via Autophagy: The Intrinsic Influence Controlling the Function of Both Antigen-Presenting Cells and T Cells. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2914. [PMID: 30619278 PMCID: PMC6302218 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a homeostatic and inducible process affecting multiple aspects of the immune system. This intrinsic cellular process is involved in MHC-antigen (Ag) presentation, inflammatory signaling, cytokine regulation, and cellular metabolism. In the context of T cell responses, autophagy has an influential hand in dictating responses to self and non-self by controlling extrinsic factors (e.g., MHC-Ag, cytokine production) in antigen-presenting cells (APC) and intrinsic factors (e.g., cell signaling, survival, cytokine production, and metabolism) in T cells. These attributes make autophagy an attractive therapeutic target to modulate T cell responses. In this review, we examine the impact autophagy has on T cell responses by modulating multiple aspects of APC function; the importance of autophagy in the activation, differentiation and homeostasis of T cells; and discuss how the modulation of autophagy could influence T cell responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seth D Merkley
- Clinical and Translational Science Center, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Cameron J Chock
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Xuexian O Yang
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Albuquerque, NM, United States.,Autophagy Inflammation and Metabolism Center of Biomedical Research Excellence, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - James Harris
- Rheumatology Group, Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Eliseo F Castillo
- Clinical and Translational Science Center, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Albuquerque, NM, United States.,Autophagy Inflammation and Metabolism Center of Biomedical Research Excellence, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Albuquerque, NM, United States.,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine Albuquerque, NM, United States
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17
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Xie X, Ni Q, Zhou D, Wan Y. Rab32-related antimicrobial pathway is involved in the progression of dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis. FEBS Open Bio 2018; 8:1658-1668. [PMID: 30338217 PMCID: PMC6168699 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a multifactorial disease involving defective immune responses against invasive microbiota. Genes associated with innate immune responses to microbes have been highlighted in the pathogenesis of IBD. To determine the role of Rab32 in the pathogenesis of IBD, we administered dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) to CD11c+ cell-specific Rab32 knockout (CD11c-Cre+Rab32f/f) mice to induce colitis. Rab32 deficiency in CD11c+ cells resulted in more severe disease progression and increased mortality. Histopathological analysis showed extensive damage to the colon mucosa in DSS-treated CD11c-Cre+Rab32f/f mice, including more severe damage to the epithelial layer and crypts, as well as more inflammatory cell infiltration. The pro-inflammatory cytokines IL1A, IL1B, IL6, and CSF3 and chemokines CXCL1 and CXCL2 were significantly increased, and the frequency of CD11b+Ly6G+ neutrophils was higher in CD11c-Cre+Rab32f/f colitis mice. Furthermore, CD11c+ cells deficient for Rab32 exhibited a significant increase in bacterial translocation in inflamed colon tissue. The present data demonstrate that Rab32 knockout in CD11c+ cells aggravates the development of DSS-induced colitis and suggest that the Rab32-related antimicrobial pathway is involved in the pathogenesis of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Xie
- Biomedical Analysis Center Army Medical University Chongqing China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Cytomics China
| | - Qingshan Ni
- Biomedical Analysis Center Army Medical University Chongqing China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Cytomics China
| | - Daxue Zhou
- Biomedical Analysis Center Army Medical University Chongqing China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Cytomics China
| | - Ying Wan
- Biomedical Analysis Center Army Medical University Chongqing China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Cytomics China
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18
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Abstract
The biological functions of 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 are regulated by nuclear receptor vitamin D receptor (VDR). The expression level of VDR is high in intestine. VDR is an essential regulator of intestinal cell proliferation, barrier function, and immunity. Vitamin D/VDR plays a protective role in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), both ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. Emerging evidence demonstrates low VDR expression and dysfunction of vitamin D/VDR signaling in patients with IBD. Here, we summarize the progress made in vitamin D/VDR signaling in genetic regulation, immunity, and the microbiome in IBD. We cover the mechanisms of intestinal VDR in regulating inflammation through inhibiting the NF-ĸB pathway and activating autophagy. Recent studies suggest that the association of VDR single nucleotide polymorphisms with immune and intestinal pathology may be sex dependent. We emphasize the tissue specificity of VDR and its sex- and time-dependent effects. Furthermore, we discuss potential clinical application and future direction of vitamin D/VDR in preventing and treating IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danika Bakke
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Jun Sun
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois,Address correspondence to: Jun Sun, PhD, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, 840 S. Wood Street, Room 704 CSB, MC716, Chicago, IL 60612 ()
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19
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Wang SL, Shao BZ, Zhao SB, Fang J, Gu L, Miao CY, Li ZS, Bai Y. Impact of Paneth Cell Autophagy on Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Front Immunol 2018; 9:693. [PMID: 29675025 PMCID: PMC5895641 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal mucosal barrier, mainly consisting of the mucus layer and epithelium, functions in absorbing nutrition as well as prevention of the invasion of pathogenic microorganisms. Paneth cell, an important component of mucosal barrier, plays a vital role in maintaining the intestinal homeostasis by producing antimicrobial materials and controlling the host-commensal balance. Current evidence shows that the dysfunction of intestinal mucosal barrier, especially Paneth cell, participates in the onset and progression of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Autophagy, a cellular stress response, involves various physiological processes, such as secretion of proteins, production of antimicrobial peptides, and degradation of aberrant organelles or proteins. In the recent years, the roles of autophagy in the pathogenesis of IBD have been increasingly studied. Here in this review, we mainly focus on describing the roles of Paneth cell autophagy in IBD as well as several popular autophagy-related genetic variants in Penath cell and the related therapeutic strategies against IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Ling Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University and Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo-Zong Shao
- Department of Pharmocology, Second Military Medical University and Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sheng-Bing Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University and Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Fang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lun Gu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University and Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao-Yu Miao
- Department of Pharmocology, Second Military Medical University and Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhao-Shen Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University and Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Bai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University and Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
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20
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Ren C, Zhang H, Wu TT, Yao YM. Autophagy: A Potential Therapeutic Target for Reversing Sepsis-Induced Immunosuppression. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1832. [PMID: 29326712 PMCID: PMC5741675 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis remains the leading cause of mortality in intensive care units and an intractable condition due to uncontrolled inflammation together with immune suppression. Dysfunction of immune cells is considered as a major cause for poor outcome of septic patients but with little specific treatments. Currently, autophagy that is recognized as an important self-protective mechanism for cellular survival exhibits great potential for maintaining immune homeostasis and alleviating multiple organ failure, which further improves survival of septic animals. The protective effect of autophagy on immune cells covers both innate and adaptive immune responses and refers to various cellular receptors and intracellular signaling. Multiple drugs and measures are reportedly beneficial for septic challenge by inducing autophagy process. Therefore, autophagy might be an effective target for reversing immunosuppression compromised by sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Ren
- Trauma Research Center, First Hospital Affiliated to the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.,School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Trauma Research Center, First Hospital Affiliated to the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Tian-Tian Wu
- Trauma Research Center, First Hospital Affiliated to the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yong-Ming Yao
- Trauma Research Center, First Hospital Affiliated to the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.,School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.,State Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease, The Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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21
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Műzes G, Kiss AL, Tulassay Z, Sipos F. Cell-free DNA-induced alteration of autophagy response and TLR9-signaling: Their relation to amelioration of DSS-colitis. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2017; 52:48-57. [PMID: 28673462 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2017.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Revised: 05/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The influence of cell-free DNA (fDNA) administration on the TLR9-autophagy regulatory crosstalk within inflammatory circumstances remains unclear. AIMS To examine the immunobiologic effects of iv. fDNA injection on the TLR9-mediated autophagy response in murine DSS-colitis. METHODS Different types of modified fDNAs were administered to DSS-colitic mice. Disease and histological activities, spleen index were measured. Changes of the TLR9-associated and autophagy-related gene expression profiles of lamina proprial cells and splenocytes were assayed by quantitative real-time PCR, and validated by immunohistochemistries. Ultrastructural changes of the colon were examined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). RESULTS A single intravenous injection of colitic fDNA (C-DNA) exhibited beneficial clinical and histological effects on DSS-colitis, compared to normal (N-DNA). C-DNA administration displayed a more prominent impact on the outcome of the TLR9-autophagy response than N-DNA. C-DNA resulted in a decreased spleen index in DSS-colitic mice. C-DNA treatment of normal mice resulted in a downregulation of Beclin1 and ATG16L1 mRNA and protein expression in the colon. These as well as LC3B were downregulated in the spleen. In contrast, the Beclin1, ATG16L1 and LC3B gene and protein expressions were upregulated in both the colon and the spleen by C-DNA injection. Moreover, C-DNA administration to DSS-colitic mice resulted in a remarkable increase of epithelial autophagic vacuoles representing an intensified macroautophagy. CONCLUSIONS The effect of intravenously administered fDNA on the TLR9-mediated autophagy response is expressly dependent on the origin of fDNA (i.e. inflammatory or not) and on the characteristics of the local immunobiologic milieu (i.e. inflammatory or not, as well).
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Affiliation(s)
- Györgyi Műzes
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1088 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Anna L Kiss
- Department of Human Morphology and Developmental Biology, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Tulassay
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1088 Budapest, Hungary; Molecular Medicine Research Unit, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, 1051, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Sipos
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1088 Budapest, Hungary
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