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Aglan HA, Kotob SE, Mahmoud NS, Kishta MS, Ahmed HH. Bone marrow stem cell-derived β-cells: New issue for diabetes cell therapy. Tissue Cell 2024; 86:102280. [PMID: 38029457 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2023.102280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
This investigation aimed to establish the promising role of insulin-producing cells (IPCs) growing from bone marrow-mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) in relieving hyperglycemia induced in rats. BM-MSCs were differentiated into IPCs using three different protocols. The efficiency of BM-MSCs differentiation into IPCs in vitro was confirmed by detecting IPCs specific gene expression (Foxa-2, PDX-1 and Ngn-3) and insulin release assay. The in vivo study design included 3 groups of male Wistar rats; negative control group, diabetic group and IPCs-transfused group (5 ×106 cells of the most functional IPCs/rat). One month after IPCs infusion, serum glucose, insulin, c-peptide and visfatin levels as well as pancreatic glucagon level were quantified. Gene expression analysis of pancreatic Foxa-2 and Sox-17, IGF-1 and FGF-10 was done. Additionally, histological investigation of pancreatic tissue sections was performed. Our data clarified that, the most functional IPCs are those generated from BM-MSCs using differentiation protocol 3 as indicated by the significant up-regulation of Foxa-2, PDX-1 and Ngn-3 gene expression levels. These findings were further emphasized by releasing of a significant amount of insulin in response to glucose load. The transplantation of the IPCs in diabetic rats elicited significant decline in serum glucose, visfatin and pancreatic glucagon levels along with significant rise in serum insulin and c-peptide levels. Moreover, it triggered significant up-regulation in the expression levels of pancreatic Foxa-2, Sox-17, IGF-1 and FGF-10 genes versus the untreated diabetic counterpart. The histopathological examination of pancreatic tissue almost assisted the biochemical and molecular genetic analyses. These results disclose that the cell therapy holds potential to develop a new cure for DM based on the capability of BM-MSCs to generate β-cell phenotype using specific protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadeer A Aglan
- Hormones Department, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt; Stem Cell Lab., Center of Excellence for Advanced Sciences, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Soheir E Kotob
- Hormones Department, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Nadia S Mahmoud
- Hormones Department, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt; Stem Cell Lab., Center of Excellence for Advanced Sciences, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed S Kishta
- Hormones Department, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt; Stem Cell Lab., Center of Excellence for Advanced Sciences, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Hanaa H Ahmed
- Hormones Department, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt; Stem Cell Lab., Center of Excellence for Advanced Sciences, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
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2
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Mardomi A, Mohammadi N, Ahmadzadeh F, Abediankenari S. CTLA4-Ig alleviates the allogeneic immune responses against insulin-producing cells in a murine model of cell transplantation. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 396:3195-3206. [PMID: 37231171 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02527-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The adoptive transfer of insulin-producing cells (IPCs) is one of the promising treatments for insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. While the use of allogeneic cell resources is inevitable in the case of a series of patients, alloimmune responses are a major barrier ahead of the successful implementation of allogeneic therapeutic cells. This study is aimed at evaluating the potential of CTLA4-Ig, as an approved immunomodulatory biologic, in protecting the IPCs against allogeneic immune responses. The C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice were used to establish a murine model of allogeneic cell transplantation. The mouse bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells were in vitro differentiated into IPCs, and the in vitro as well as the in vivo immune responses against IPCs were evaluated in the presence and absence of CTLA4-Ig. The allogeneic IPCs induced the in vitro activation of CD4+ T-cells, IFN-γ release, and the proliferation of lymphocytes, which all were controlled by CTLA4-Ig. Upon in vivo transfer of IPC into an allogeneic host, the splenic CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells exhibited a significant activation, and there was a significant donor-specific antibody response. Either of the mentioned cellular and humoral responses were modulated by a CTLA4-Ig regimen. This regimen also reduced the infiltration of CD3+ T-cells into the IPC injection site along with the improved overall survival of diabetic mice. CTLA4-Ig could be a complementary therapy for improving the efficacy of allogeneic IPC therapy through modulating the cellular and humoral responses that can lead to prolonged durability of IPCs within an allogeneic host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Mardomi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences and Microbiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tabriz Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Nabiallah Mohammadi
- Immunogenetics Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Ahmadzadeh
- Immunogenetics Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Saeid Abediankenari
- Immunogenetics Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
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3
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Lopez-Yus M, García-Sobreviela MP, Del Moral-Bergos R, Arbones-Mainar JM. Gene Therapy Based on Mesenchymal Stem Cells Derived from Adipose Tissue for the Treatment of Obesity and Its Metabolic Complications. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087468. [PMID: 37108631 PMCID: PMC10138576 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a highly prevalent condition often associated with dysfunctional adipose tissue. Stem cell-based therapies have become a promising tool for therapeutic intervention in the context of regenerative medicine. Among all stem cells, adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs) are the most easily obtained, have immunomodulatory properties, show great ex vivo expansion capacity and differentiation to other cell types, and release a wide variety of angiogenic factors and bioactive molecules, such as growth factors and adipokines. However, despite the positive results obtained in some pre-clinical studies, the actual clinical efficacy of ADMSCs still remains controversial. Transplanted ADMSCs present a meager rate of survival and proliferation, possibly because of the damaged microenvironment of the affected tissues. Therefore, there is a need for novel approaches to generate more functional ADMSCs with enhanced therapeutic potential. In this context, genetic manipulation has emerged as a promising strategy. In the current review, we aim to summarize several adipose-focused treatments of obesity, including cell therapy and gene therapy. Particular emphasis will be given to the continuum from obesity to metabolic syndrome, diabetes, and underlying non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Furthermore, we will provide insights into the potential shared adipocentric mechanisms involved in these pathophysiological processes and their remediation using ADMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Lopez-Yus
- Adipocyte and Fat Biology Laboratory (AdipoFat), Translational Research Unit, University Hospital Miguel Servet, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto Aragones de Ciencias de la Salud (IACS), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS) Aragon, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Maria Pilar García-Sobreviela
- Adipocyte and Fat Biology Laboratory (AdipoFat), Translational Research Unit, University Hospital Miguel Servet, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS) Aragon, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Raquel Del Moral-Bergos
- Adipocyte and Fat Biology Laboratory (AdipoFat), Translational Research Unit, University Hospital Miguel Servet, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto Aragones de Ciencias de la Salud (IACS), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS) Aragon, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Jose M Arbones-Mainar
- Adipocyte and Fat Biology Laboratory (AdipoFat), Translational Research Unit, University Hospital Miguel Servet, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto Aragones de Ciencias de la Salud (IACS), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS) Aragon, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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4
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Kia V, Eshaghi-Gorji R, Mansour RN, Hassannia H, Hasanzadeh E, Gheibi M, Mellati A, Enderami SE. Mesenchymal Stromal Cells and their EVs as Potential Leads for SARSCoV2 Treatment. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 18:35-53. [PMID: 35473518 DOI: 10.2174/1574888x17666220426115831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In December 2019, a betacoronavirus was isolated from pneumonia cases in China and rapidly turned into a pandemic of COVID-19. The virus is an enveloped positive-sense ssRNA and causes a severe respiratory syndrome along with a cytokine storm, which is the main cause of most complications. Therefore, treatments that can effectively control the inflammatory reactions are necessary. Mesenchymal Stromal Cells and their EVs are well-known for their immunomodulatory effects, inflammation reduction, and regenerative potentials. These effects are exerted through paracrine secretion of various factors. Their EVs also transport various molecules such as microRNAs to other cells and affect recipient cells' behavior. Scores of research and clinical trials have indicated the therapeutic potential of EVs in various diseases. EVs also seem to be a promising approach for severe COVID-19 treatment. EVs have also been used to develop vaccines since EVs are biocompatible nanoparticles that can be easily isolated and engineered. In this review, we have focused on the use of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells and their EVs for the treatment of COVID-19, their therapeutic capabilities, and vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahid Kia
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Reza Eshaghi-Gorji
- Student Research Committee, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | | | - Hadi Hassannia
- Immunogenetics Research Center, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.,Amol Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Elham Hasanzadeh
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Mobina Gheibi
- Student Research Committee, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Amir Mellati
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Seyed Ehsan Enderami
- Molecular and Cell Biology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.,Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
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5
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Khazaei M, Khazaei F, Niromand E, Ghanbari E. Tissue engineering approaches and generation of insulin-producing cells to treat type 1 diabetes. J Drug Target 2023; 31:14-31. [PMID: 35896313 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2022.2107653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Tissue engineering (TE) has become a new effective solution to a variety of medical problems, including diabetes. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which have the ability to differentiate into endodermal and mesodermal cells, appear to be appropriate for this function. The purpose of this review was to evaluate the outcomes of various researches on the insulin-producing cells (IPCs) generation from MSCs with TE approaches to increase efficacy of type 1 diabetes treatments. The search was performed in PubMed/Medline, Scopus and Embase databases until 2021. Studies revealed that MSCs could also differentiate into IPCs under certain conditions. Therefore, a wide range of protocols have been used for this differentiation, but their effectiveness is very different. Scaffolds can provide a microenvironment that enhances the MSCs to IPCs differentiation, improves their metabolic activity and up-regulate pancreatic-specific transcription factors. They also preserve IPCs architecture and enhance insulin production as well as protect against cell death. This systematic review offers a framework for prospective research based on data. In vitro and in vivo evidence suggests that scaffold-based TE can improve the viability and function of IPCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mozafar Khazaei
- Fertility and Infertility Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.,Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Khazaei
- Student Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Elham Niromand
- Fertility and Infertility Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Elham Ghanbari
- Fertility and Infertility Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.,Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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6
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Song H, Li B, Guo R, He S, Peng Z, Qu J, Zhao Y, Zhai X, Yin W, Yang K, Fan X, Zhang J, Tan J, Liu Y, Xie J, Xu J. Hypoxic preconditioned aged BMSCs accelerates MI injury repair by modulating inflammation, oxidative stress and apoptosis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 627:45-51. [PMID: 36007334 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.08.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The benefits of autologous cell therapy for cardiac repair are diminished in aged individuals due to the limited quality and poor tolerance of aged stem cells in the ischemic micro-environment. The safe and efficient methods to improve the therapeutic effect of aged stem cells are needed to treat the increasing number of aged patients with cardiac diseases. In the present study, we aimed to determine whether hypoxic preconditioning can improve the therapeutic effect of aged stem cells even if the responsiveness of aged MSCs is poor, and to seek the underlying mechanism. Using a murine model of MI, our results showed that hypoxic preconditioning promoted the therapeutic effect of aged BMSCs, which was expressed in improved cardiac function, decreased scar size and alleviated cardiac remodeling in vivo. This in vivo effect of hypoxic preconditioned aged BMSCs was associated with alleviated inflammation, oxidative stress and apoptosis in infarcted heart. In vitro studies confirmed that hypoxic preconditioned aged BMSCs exert cytoprotective impacts on H9C2 cells against lethal hypoxia injury via attenuating oxidative stress and apoptosis. Our data support the promise of hypoxic preconditioning as a potential strategy to improve autologous stem cell therapy for ischemic heart injury in aged individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huifang Song
- Department of Hepatological Surgery, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China; Department of Anatomy, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China; Shanxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defect and Cell Regeneration, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Anatomy, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Rui Guo
- Department of Pathology, Shanxi Province Cancer Hospital, Shanxi Hospital Affiliated to Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Sheng He
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defect and Cell Regeneration, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Zexu Peng
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defect and Cell Regeneration, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Junyuan Qu
- Department of Pathology, Shanxi Province Cancer Hospital, Shanxi Hospital Affiliated to Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yunhe Zhao
- Department of Anatomy, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhai
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defect and Cell Regeneration, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Wenjuan Yin
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defect and Cell Regeneration, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Kun Yang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defect and Cell Regeneration, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xuemei Fan
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defect and Cell Regeneration, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defect and Cell Regeneration, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jiayin Tan
- Department of Anatomy, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Anatomy, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jun Xie
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defect and Cell Regeneration, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.
| | - Jun Xu
- Department of Hepatological Surgery, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.
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7
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Ghoneim MA, Gabr MM, Refaie AF, El-Halawani SM, Al-Issawi MM, Elbassiouny BL, Kader MAAE, Ismail AM, Zidan MF, Karras MS, Magar RW, Khater SM, Ashamallah SA, Zakaria MM, Kloc M. Transplantation of insulin-producing cells derived from human mesenchymal stromal/stem cells into diabetic humanized mice. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:350. [PMID: 35883190 PMCID: PMC9327173 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-03048-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The purpose of this study was to investigate allogenic immune responses following the transplantation of insulin-producing cells (IPCs) differentiated from human adipose tissue-derived stem cells (hAT-MSCs) into humanized mice. Methods hAT-MSCs were isolated from liposuction aspirates obtained from HLA-A2-negative healthy donors. These cells were expanded and differentiated into IPCs. HLA-A2-positive humanized mice (NOG-EXL) were divided into 4 groups: diabetic mice transplanted with IPCs, diabetic but nontransplanted mice, nondiabetic mice transplanted with IPCs and normal untreated mice. Three million differentiated cells were transplanted under the renal capsule. Animals were followed-up to determine their weight, glucose levels (2-h postprandial), and human and mouse insulin levels. The mice were euthanized 6–8 weeks posttransplant. The kidneys were explanted for immunohistochemical studies. Blood, spleen and bone marrow samples were obtained to determine the proportion of immune cell subsets (CD4+, CD8+, CD16+, CD19+ and CD69+), and the expression levels of HLA-ABC and HLA-DR. Results Following STZ induction, blood glucose levels increased sharply and were then normalized within 2 weeks after cell transplantation. In these animals, human insulin levels were measurable while mouse insulin levels were negligible throughout the observation period. Immunostaining of cell-bearing kidneys revealed sparse CD45+ cells. Immunolabeling and flow cytometry of blood, bone marrow and splenic samples obtained from the 3 groups of animals did not reveal a significant difference in the proportions of immune cell subsets or in the expression levels of HLA-ABC and HLA-DR. Conclusion Transplantation of IPCs derived from allogenic hAT-MSCs into humanized mice was followed by a muted allogenic immune response that did not interfere with the functionality of the engrafted cells. Our findings suggest that such allogenic cells could offer an opportunity for cell therapy for insulin-dependent diabetes without immunosuppression, encapsulation or gene manipulations. Graphical Abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13287-022-03048-y.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mahmoud M Gabr
- Biotechnology Department, Urology and Nephrology Center, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Ayman F Refaie
- Nephrology Department, Urology and Nephrology Center, Mansoura, Egypt
| | | | - Mohga M Al-Issawi
- Biotechnology Department, Urology and Nephrology Center, Mansoura, Egypt
| | | | - Mai A Abd El Kader
- Biotechnology Department, Urology and Nephrology Center, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Amani M Ismail
- Immunology Department, Urology and Nephrology Center, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Mona F Zidan
- Microbiology and Immunology Research Program, Children's Hospital 57357, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mary S Karras
- Immunology Department, Urology and Nephrology Center, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Raghda W Magar
- Immunology Department, Urology and Nephrology Center, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Sherry M Khater
- Pathology Department, Urology and Nephrology Center, Mansoura, Egypt
| | | | - Mahmoud M Zakaria
- Biotechnology Department, Urology and Nephrology Center, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Malgorzata Kloc
- The Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA.,The Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA.,The University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston TX, USA
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8
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Refaie AF, Elbassiouny BL, Kloc M, Sabek OM, Khater SM, Ismail AM, Mohamed RH, Ghoneim MA. From Mesenchymal Stromal/Stem Cells to Insulin-Producing Cells: Immunological Considerations. Front Immunol 2021; 12:690623. [PMID: 34248981 PMCID: PMC8262452 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.690623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-based therapy for type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) has been the subject matter of many studies over the past few decades. The wide availability, negligible teratogenic risks and differentiation potential of MSCs promise a therapeutic alternative to traditional exogenous insulin injections or pancreatic transplantation. However, conflicting arguments have been reported regarding the immunological profile of MSCs. While some studies support their immune-privileged, immunomodulatory status and successful use in the treatment of several immune-mediated diseases, others maintain that allogeneic MSCs trigger immune responses, especially following differentiation or in vivo transplantation. In this review, the intricate mechanisms by which MSCs exert their immunomodulatory functions and the influencing variables are critically addressed. Furthermore, proposed avenues to enhance these effects, including cytokine pretreatment, coadministration of mTOR inhibitors, the use of Tregs and gene manipulation, are presented. As an alternative, the selection of high-benefit, low-risk donors based on HLA matching, PD-L1 expression and the absence of donor-specific antibodies (DSAs) are also discussed. Finally, the necessity for the transplantation of human MSC (hMSC)-derived insulin-producing cells (IPCs) into humanized mice is highlighted since this strategy may provide further insights into future clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayman F Refaie
- Nephrology Department, Urology and Nephrology Center, Mansoura, Egypt
| | | | - Malgorzata Kloc
- Department of Immunobiology, The Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States.,Department of Surgery, The Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, United States.,Department of Genetics, The University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Omaima M Sabek
- Department of Surgery, The Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, United States.,Department of Cell and Microbiology Biology, Weill Cornell Medical Biology, New York, NY, United States
| | - Sherry M Khater
- Pathology Department, Urology and Nephrology Center, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Amani M Ismail
- Immunology Department, Urology and Nephrology Center, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Rania H Mohamed
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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9
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Huang Q, Huang Y, Liu J. Mesenchymal Stem Cells: An Excellent Candidate for the Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus. Int J Endocrinol 2021; 2021:9938658. [PMID: 34135959 PMCID: PMC8178013 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9938658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are adult stem cells (ASCs) known for repairing damaged cells, exerting anti-inflammatory responses and producing immunoregulatory effects that can be significantly induced into insulin-producing cells (IPCs), providing an inexhaustible supply of functional β cells for cell replacement therapy and disease modeling for diabetes. MSC therapy may be the most promising strategy for diabetes mellitus because of these significant merits. In this paper, we focused on MSC therapy for diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiulan Huang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yanting Huang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jianping Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
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