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Villada-Troncoso SM, Arévalo-Romero JA, Hernández Rivera V, Pedraza-Escalona M, Pérez-Tapia SM, Espejo-Mojica AJ, Alméciga-Díaz CJ. Study of Potential Blocking Peptides Targeting the SARS-CoV-2 RBD/hACE2 Interaction. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:1240. [PMID: 39338402 PMCID: PMC11435355 DOI: 10.3390/ph17091240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2024] [Revised: 09/13/2024] [Accepted: 09/18/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of COVID-19, was declared a public health emergency in early 2020. The infection initiates when the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the viral spike protein binds to human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). Despite the success of vaccination efforts, the emergence of new variants highlights the ongoing need for treatments targeting these evolving strains. In silico methods previously identified peptides BP2, BP9, and BP11 as being capable of disrupting the RBD-ACE2 interaction, though their efficacy has not been experimentally validated until now. METHODS In this study, these peptides were recombinantly produced in the yeast Komagataella phaffii, and the activity was assessed in vitro using binding assays with multiple RBD variants and the inhibition of the RBD-ACE2 interaction. RESULTS The production yield for BP2, BP9, and BP11 was 14.34, 4.01, and 1.35 mg per culture liter, respectively. Noteworthy, the three BPs interacted with the RBD of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern, with BP2 showing higher recognition. Finally, the BPs showed an RBD/hACE2 interaction blocking capacity with IC50 values between 1.03 and 5.35 nM, with BP2 showing the lowest values among the evaluated peptides. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that BP2, specifically, is a promising candidate for the development of novel therapeutic interventions targeting SARS-CoV-2 and other coronaviruses that use hACE2 for cellular entry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara M. Villada-Troncoso
- Institute for the Study in Inborn Errors of Metabolism—IEIM, Faculty of Science, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá 110231, Colombia; (S.M.V.-T.); (J.A.A.-R.); (A.J.E.-M.)
| | - Jenny Andrea Arévalo-Romero
- Institute for the Study in Inborn Errors of Metabolism—IEIM, Faculty of Science, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá 110231, Colombia; (S.M.V.-T.); (J.A.A.-R.); (A.J.E.-M.)
- Instituto Distrital de Ciencia, Biotecnología e Innovación en Salud—IDCBIS, Bogotá 111611, Colombia
| | - Vanessa Hernández Rivera
- Unidad de Desarrollo e Investigación en Bioterapéuticos (UDIBI), Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala S/N, Colonia Santo Tomás, Alcaldía Miguel Hidalgo, Mexico City 11340, Mexico; (V.H.R.); (S.M.P.-T.)
| | - Martha Pedraza-Escalona
- CONAHCyT-Unidad de Desarrollo e Investigación en Bioterapéuticos (UDIBI), Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala S/N, Colonia Santo Tomás, Alcaldía Miguel Hidalgo, Mexico City 11340, Mexico;
| | - Sonia M. Pérez-Tapia
- Unidad de Desarrollo e Investigación en Bioterapéuticos (UDIBI), Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala S/N, Colonia Santo Tomás, Alcaldía Miguel Hidalgo, Mexico City 11340, Mexico; (V.H.R.); (S.M.P.-T.)
| | - Angela Johana Espejo-Mojica
- Institute for the Study in Inborn Errors of Metabolism—IEIM, Faculty of Science, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá 110231, Colombia; (S.M.V.-T.); (J.A.A.-R.); (A.J.E.-M.)
| | - Carlos Javier Alméciga-Díaz
- Institute for the Study in Inborn Errors of Metabolism—IEIM, Faculty of Science, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá 110231, Colombia; (S.M.V.-T.); (J.A.A.-R.); (A.J.E.-M.)
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Zheng H, Wu S, Chen W, Cai S, Zhan M, Chen C, Lin J, Xie Z, Ou J, Ye W. Meta-analysis of hybrid immunity to mitigate the risk of Omicron variant reinfection. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1457266. [PMID: 39253287 PMCID: PMC11381385 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1457266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Hybrid immunity (a combination of natural and vaccine-induced immunity) provides additional immune protection against the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) reinfection. Today, people are commonly infected and vaccinated; hence, hybrid immunity is the norm. However, the mitigation of the risk of Omicron variant reinfection by hybrid immunity and the durability of its protection remain uncertain. This meta-analysis aims to explore hybrid immunity to mitigate the risk of Omicron variant reinfection and its protective durability to provide a new evidence-based basis for the development and optimization of immunization strategies and improve the public's awareness and participation in COVID-19 vaccination, especially in vulnerable and at-risk populations. Methods Embase, PubMed, Web of Science, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, and Wanfang databases were searched for publicly available literature up to 10 June 2024. Two researchers independently completed the data extraction and risk of bias assessment and cross-checked each other. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale assessed the risk of bias in included cohort and case-control studies, while criteria recommended by the Agency for Health Care Research and Quality (AHRQ) evaluated cross-sectional studies. The extracted data were synthesized in an Excel spreadsheet according to the predefined items to be collected. The outcome was Omicron variant reinfection, reported as an Odds Ratio (OR) with its 95% confidence interval (CI) and Protective Effectiveness (PE) with 95% CI. The data were pooled using a random- or fixed-effects model based on the I2 test. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines were followed. Results Thirty-three articles were included. Compared with the natural immunity group, the hybrid immunity (booster vaccination) group had the highest level of mitigation in the risk of reinfection (OR = 0.43, 95% CI:0.34-0.56), followed by the complete vaccination group (OR = 0.58, 95% CI:0.45-0.74), and lastly the incomplete vaccination group (OR = 0.64, 95% CI:0.44-0.93). Compared with the complete vaccination-only group, the hybrid immunity (complete vaccination) group mitigated the risk of reinfection by 65% (OR = 0.35, 95% CI:0.27-0.46), and the hybrid immunity (booster vaccination) group mitigated the risk of reinfection by an additional 29% (OR = 0.71, 95% CI:0.61-0.84) compared with the hybrid immunity (complete vaccination) group. The effectiveness of hybrid immunity (incomplete vaccination) in mitigating the risk of reinfection was 37.88% (95% CI, 28.88-46.89%) within 270-364 days, and decreased to 33.23%% (95% CI, 23.80-42.66%) within 365-639 days; whereas, the effectiveness after complete vaccination was 54.36% (95% CI, 50.82-57.90%) within 270-364 days, and the effectiveness of booster vaccination was 73.49% (95% CI, 68.95-78.04%) within 90-119 days. Conclusion Hybrid immunity was significantly more protective than natural or vaccination-induced immunity, and booster doses were associated with enhanced protection against Omicron. Although its protective effects waned over time, vaccination remains a crucial measure for controlling COVID-19. Systematic review registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/, identifier, CRD42024539682.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiling Zheng
- Institute of Emergency Response and Epidemic Management, Fujian Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Fuzhou, China
- School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shenggen Wu
- Institute of Emergency Response and Epidemic Management, Fujian Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wu Chen
- Institute of Emergency Response and Epidemic Management, Fujian Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shaojian Cai
- Institute of Emergency Response and Epidemic Management, Fujian Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Fuzhou, China
| | - Meirong Zhan
- Institute of Emergency Response and Epidemic Management, Fujian Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Fuzhou, China
| | - Cailin Chen
- Institute of Emergency Response and Epidemic Management, Fujian Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jiawei Lin
- Institute of Emergency Response and Epidemic Management, Fujian Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhonghang Xie
- Institute of Emergency Response and Epidemic Management, Fujian Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jianming Ou
- Institute of Emergency Response and Epidemic Management, Fujian Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wenjing Ye
- Institute of Emergency Response and Epidemic Management, Fujian Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Fuzhou, China
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Ulzurrun E, Grande-Pérez A, del Hoyo D, Guevara C, Gil C, Sorzano CO, Campillo NE. Unlocking the puzzle: non-defining mutations in SARS-CoV-2 proteome may affect vaccine effectiveness. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1386596. [PMID: 39228849 PMCID: PMC11369981 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1386596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction SARS-CoV-2 variants are defined by specific genome-wide mutations compared to the Wuhan genome. However, non-clade-defining mutations may also impact protein structure and function, potentially leading to reduced vaccine effectiveness. Our objective is to identify mutations across the entire viral genome rather than focus on individual mutations that may be associated with vaccine failure and to examine the physicochemical properties of the resulting amino acid changes. Materials and methods Whole-genome consensus sequences of SARS-CoV-2 from COVID-19 patients were retrieved from the GISAID database. Analysis focused on Dataset_1 (7,154 genomes from Italy) and Dataset_2 (8,819 sequences from Spain). Bioinformatic tools identified amino acid changes resulting from codon mutations with frequencies of 10% or higher, and sequences were organized into sets based on identical amino acid combinations. Results Non-defining mutations in SARS-CoV-2 genomes belonging to clades 21 L (Omicron), 22B/22E (Omicron), 22F/23A (Omicron) and 21J (Delta) were associated with vaccine failure. Four sets of sequences from Dataset_1 were significantly linked to low vaccine coverage: one from clade 21L with mutations L3201F (ORF1a), A27- (S) and G30- (N); two sets shared by clades 22B and 22E with changes A27- (S), I68- (S), R346T (S) and G30- (N); and one set shared by clades 22F and 23A containing changes A27- (S), F486P (S) and G30- (N). Booster doses showed a slight improvement in protection against Omicron clades. Regarding 21J (Delta) two sets of sequences from Dataset_2 exhibited the combination of non-clade mutations P2046L (ORF1a), P2287S (ORF1a), L829I (ORF1b), T95I (S), Y145H (S), R158- (S) and Q9L (N), that was associated with vaccine failure. Discussion Vaccine coverage associations appear to be influenced by the mutations harbored by marketed vaccines. An analysis of the physicochemical properties of amino acid revealed that primarily hydrophobic and polar amino acid substitutions occurred. Our results suggest that non-defining mutations across the proteome of SARS-CoV-2 variants could affect the extent of protection of the COVID-19 vaccine. In addition, alteration of the physicochemical characteristics of viral amino acids could potentially disrupt protein structure or function or both.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenia Ulzurrun
- Center for Biological Research Margarita Salas, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- National Center for Biotechnology, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- Institute of Mathematical Sciences, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Grande-Pérez
- Department of Cellular Biology, Genetics, and Physiology, University of Malaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Daniel del Hoyo
- National Center for Biotechnology, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Cesar Guevara
- Mechatronics and Interactive Systems - MIST Research Center, Universidad Tecnológica Indoamérica, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Carmen Gil
- Center for Biological Research Margarita Salas, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Oscar Sorzano
- National Center for Biotechnology, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Nuria E. Campillo
- Center for Biological Research Margarita Salas, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
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Arbi M, Khedhiri M, Ayouni K, Souiai O, Dhouib S, Ghanmi N, Benkahla A, Triki H, Haddad-Boubaker S. Recombination Events Among SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Subvariants: Impact on Spike Interaction With ACE2 Receptor and Neutralizing Antibodies. Evol Bioinform Online 2024; 20:11769343241272415. [PMID: 39149136 PMCID: PMC11325312 DOI: 10.1177/11769343241272415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The recombination plays a key role in promoting evolution of RNA viruses and emergence of potentially epidemic variants. Some studies investigated the recombination occurrence among SARS-CoV-2, without exploring its impact on virus-host interaction. In the aim to investigate the burden of recombination in terms of frequency and distribution, the occurrence of recombination was first explored in 44 230 Omicron sequences among BQ subvariants and the under investigation "ML" (Multiple Lineages) denoted sequences, using 3seq software. Second, the recombination impact on interaction between the Spike protein and ACE2 receptor as well as neutralizing antibodies (nAbs), was analyzed using docking tools. Recombination was detected in 56.91% and 82.20% of BQ and ML strains, respectively. It took place mainly in spike and ORF1a genes. For BQ recombinant strains, the docking analysis showed that the spike interacted strongly with ACE2 and weakly with nAbs. The mutations S373P, S375F and T376A constitute a residue network that enhances the RBD interaction with ACE2. Thirteen mutations in RBD (S373P, S375F, T376A, D405N, R408S, K417N, N440K, S477N, P494S, Q498R, N501Y, and Y505H) and NTD (Y240H) seem to be implicated in immune evasion of recombinants by altering spike interaction with nAbs. In conclusion, this "in silico" study demonstrated that the recombination mechanism is frequent among Omicron BQ and ML variants. It highlights new key mutations, that potentially implicated in enhancement of spike binding to ACE2 (F376A) and escape from nAbs (RBD: F376A, D405N, R408S, N440K, S477N, P494S, and Y505H; NTD: Y240H). Our findings present considerable insights for the elaboration of effective prophylaxis and therapeutic strategies against future SARS-CoV-2 waves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Arbi
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Biomathematics and Biostatistics (BIMS), Pasteur Institute of Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Marwa Khedhiri
- Laboratory of Clinical Virology, WHO Regional Reference Laboratory for Poliomyelitis and Measles in the Eastern Mediterranean Region, Pasteur Institute of Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
- Research Laboratory: "Virus, Vector and Host" (LR20IPT02), Pasteur Institute of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
- Clinical Investigation Center (CIC), Pasteur Institute of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Kaouther Ayouni
- Laboratory of Clinical Virology, WHO Regional Reference Laboratory for Poliomyelitis and Measles in the Eastern Mediterranean Region, Pasteur Institute of Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
- Research Laboratory: "Virus, Vector and Host" (LR20IPT02), Pasteur Institute of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
- Clinical Investigation Center (CIC), Pasteur Institute of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Oussema Souiai
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Biomathematics and Biostatistics (BIMS), Pasteur Institute of Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
- Higher Institute of Medical Technologies of Tunis, Tunis Al Manar University, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Samar Dhouib
- High School of Statistics and Analysis of Information (ESSAI), University of Carthage, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Nidhal Ghanmi
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Biomathematics and Biostatistics (BIMS), Pasteur Institute of Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Alia Benkahla
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Biomathematics and Biostatistics (BIMS), Pasteur Institute of Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Henda Triki
- Laboratory of Clinical Virology, WHO Regional Reference Laboratory for Poliomyelitis and Measles in the Eastern Mediterranean Region, Pasteur Institute of Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
- Research Laboratory: "Virus, Vector and Host" (LR20IPT02), Pasteur Institute of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
- Clinical Investigation Center (CIC), Pasteur Institute of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Sondes Haddad-Boubaker
- Laboratory of Clinical Virology, WHO Regional Reference Laboratory for Poliomyelitis and Measles in the Eastern Mediterranean Region, Pasteur Institute of Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
- Research Laboratory: "Virus, Vector and Host" (LR20IPT02), Pasteur Institute of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
- Clinical Investigation Center (CIC), Pasteur Institute of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
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Suvvari TK, Mahal A, Kandi V, Alotaibi HF, Mishra S, Mohapatra RK. The urgency of Marburg therapeutics: preventing local outbreaks from the potential global spread. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1378314. [PMID: 39011143 PMCID: PMC11248717 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1378314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tarun Kumar Suvvari
- Department of Medicine, Rangaraya Medical College, Kakinada, India
- Department of Medicine, Dr. YSR University of Health Sciences, Vijayawada, India
- Department of Medicine, Squad Medicine and Research (SMR), Vizag, India
| | - Ahmed Mahal
- Department of Medical Biochemical Analysis, College of Health Technology, Cihan University-Erbil, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Venkataramana Kandi
- Department of Microbiology, Prathima Institute of Medical Sciences, Karimnagar, Telangana, India
| | - Hadil Faris Alotaibi
- College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Snehasish Mishra
- School of Biotechnology, Campus-11, KIIT Deemed-to-be-University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Ranjan K. Mohapatra
- Department of Chemistry, Government College of Engineering, Keonjhar, Odisha, India
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Akūlova L, Paegle L, Mārtiņsone I, Vanadziņš I, Knudsen LE, Matisāne L. COVID-19 pandemic influence on perceived exposure to chemical substances in Latvia: data from a focus group discussion and the HBM4EU citizen survey. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1382368. [PMID: 38846609 PMCID: PMC11155454 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1382368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The COVID-19 pandemic has globally influenced the exposure of populations to chemical substances through various channels. This study aims to evaluate the tendencies of the use of chemical products in Latvia amidst the pandemic. Answers from 597 respondents (26.6% male, 73.4% female, mean age 46.0 ± 12.2) which were gathered as part of the HBM4EU (Human Biomonitoring Initiative) citizen survey and 8 focus group participants were used. Methods The study utilized data from the HBM4EU citizen survey and conducted focus group discussions to understand the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on chemical product usage in Latvia. Survey responses were analyzed to identify changes in exposure to chemicals, particularly in relation to disinfection agents and household products. Results More than two-thirds of survey participants reported increased exposure to chemicals during the COVID-19 pandemic, mainly related to the use of disinfection agents and household products. About 2-in-5 (39.8%) of survey respondents considered that the COVID-19 pandemic has increased their interest in exposure to chemicals. The excessive use of disinfectant products is the main concern of citizens (mentioned by 66.7%, n = 389). Also, two focus group participants noted that the use of disinfectant products is too widespread and should be minimized. Discussion The findings suggest that the COVID-19 pandemic has not only increased the use of chemical products in Latvia but also promoted an interest in safe and healthy use of chemicals which could be useful to raise the awareness of the general public.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lāsma Akūlova
- Laboratory of Hygiene and Occupational Diseases, Institute of Occupational Safety and Environmental Health, Rīga Stradiņš University, Riga, Latvia
| | - Linda Paegle
- Laboratory of Hygiene and Occupational Diseases, Institute of Occupational Safety and Environmental Health, Rīga Stradiņš University, Riga, Latvia
| | - Inese Mārtiņsone
- Laboratory of Hygiene and Occupational Diseases, Institute of Occupational Safety and Environmental Health, Rīga Stradiņš University, Riga, Latvia
| | - Ivars Vanadziņš
- Institute of Occupational Safety and Environmental Health, Rīga Stradiņš University, Riga, Latvia
| | - Lisbeth E. Knudsen
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Linda Matisāne
- Institute of Occupational Safety and Environmental Health, Rīga Stradiņš University, Riga, Latvia
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Sun Y, Li Q, Luo Y, Zhu H, Xu F, Lu H, Yao P, Wang Z, Zhao W, Zhou Z. Development of an RBD-Fc fusion vaccine for COVID-19. Vaccine X 2024; 16:100444. [PMID: 38327768 PMCID: PMC10847155 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvacx.2024.100444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Although the global pandemic of SARS-CoV-2 has passed, there are still regional outbreaks that continue to jeopardize human health. Hence, there is still a great deal of interest in developing an efficient vaccine that can quickly and effectively prevent reemerging outbreaks of SARS-CoV-2. Delta variant was once a dominant strain in the world in 2021, and we first constructed a recombinant RBDdelta-Fc fusion vaccine by coupling the RBD of Delta variant with the human Fc fragment. This Fc fusion strategy increases the immunogenicity of the recombinant RBD vaccine, with a long-lasting high level of IgG antibodies and neutralizing antibodies induced by RBDdelta-Fc vaccine. This RBDdelta-Fc vaccine, as well as the RBD-Fc vaccine prepared in our previously study, could trigger a durable immune effect by the heterologous boosting immunity, and the RBD-Fc induced a quicker humoral immune response than the homologous immunization with inactivated vaccines. In conclusion, the Fc fusion strategy has a significant role in enhancing the immunogenicity of recombinant protein vaccines, thus promising the development of a safe and efficient vaccine for the heterologous boosting against SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yisheng Sun
- Innovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Key Lab of Vaccine, Prevention and Control of Infectious Disease of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou 310015, China
| | - Qiaomin Li
- Innovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yuanyuan Luo
- Innovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Hanping Zhu
- Key Lab of Vaccine, Prevention and Control of Infectious Disease of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou 310015, China
| | - Fang Xu
- Key Lab of Vaccine, Prevention and Control of Infectious Disease of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou 310015, China
| | - Hangjing Lu
- Key Lab of Vaccine, Prevention and Control of Infectious Disease of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou 310015, China
| | - Pingping Yao
- Key Lab of Vaccine, Prevention and Control of Infectious Disease of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou 310015, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Key Lab of Vaccine, Prevention and Control of Infectious Disease of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou 310015, China
| | - Wenbin Zhao
- Innovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zhan Zhou
- Innovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, 322000, China
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Li L, Xie Z, Li Y, Luo M, Zhang L, Feng C, Tang G, Huang H, Hou R, Xu Y, Jia S, Shi J, Fan Q, Gan Q, Yu N, Hu F, Li Y, Lan Y, Tang X, Li F, Deng X. Immune response and severity of Omicron BA.5 reinfection among individuals previously infected with different SARS-CoV-2 variants. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1277880. [PMID: 38188634 PMCID: PMC10766752 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1277880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction COVID-19 continues to spread worldwide, with an increasing number of individuals experiencing reinfection after recovering from their primary infection. However, the nature and progression of this infection remain poorly understood. We aimed to investigate the immune response, severity and outcomes of Omicron BA.5 reinfection among individuals previously infected with different SARS-CoV-2 variants. Methods We enrolled 432 COVID-19 cases who had experienced prior infection with the ancestral SARS-CoV-2 virus, Delta variant or Omicron BA.2 variant between January 2020 and May 2022 in Guangzhou, China. All cases underwent follow-up from March to April, 2023 through telephone questionnaires and clinical visits. Nasal lavage fluid and peripheral blood were collected to assess anti-RBD IgA, anti-RBD IgG and virus-specific IFN-γ secreting T cells. Results Our study shows that 73.1%, 56.7% and 12.5% of individuals with a prior infection of the ancestral virus, Delta or Omicron BA.2 variant experienced reinfection with the BA.5 variant, respectively. Fever, cough and sore throat were the most common symptoms of BA.5 reinfection, with most improving within one week and none progressing to a critical condition. Compared with individuals without reinfection, reinfected patients with a prior Delta infection exhibited elevated levels of nasal anti-RBD IgA, serum anti-RBD IgG and IFN-γ secreting T cells, whereas there was no noticeable change in reinfected individuals with a prior BA.2 infection. Conclusion These results suggest that BA.5 reinfection is common but severe outcomes are relatively rare. Reinfection with a novel SARS-CoV-2 variant different from the prior infection may induce a more robust immune protection, which should be taken into account during vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Li
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Guangzhou Eighth People’s Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiwei Xie
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Guangzhou Eighth People’s Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Youxia Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Guangzhou Eighth People’s Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Minhan Luo
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Guangzhou Eighth People’s Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lieguang Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Guangzhou Eighth People’s Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chengqian Feng
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Guangzhou Eighth People’s Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guofang Tang
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Guangzhou Eighth People’s Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huang Huang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Guangzhou Eighth People’s Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruitian Hou
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Guangzhou Eighth People’s Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yujuan Xu
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Guangzhou Eighth People’s Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shijie Jia
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou Eighth People’s Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingrong Shi
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Guangzhou Eighth People’s Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qinghong Fan
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Guangzhou Eighth People’s Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingxin Gan
- Department of Radiology, Guangzhou Eighth People’s Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Na Yu
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Guangzhou Eighth People’s Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fengyu Hu
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Guangzhou Eighth People’s Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangzhou Laboratory, Bio-Island, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yueping Li
- Department of Infectious Critical Care Medicine, Guangzhou Eighth People’s Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yun Lan
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Guangzhou Eighth People’s Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoping Tang
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Guangzhou Eighth People’s Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangzhou Laboratory, Bio-Island, Guangzhou, China
| | - Feng Li
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Guangzhou Eighth People’s Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangzhou Laboratory, Bio-Island, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xilong Deng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Guangzhou Eighth People’s Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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