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Porras N, Sánchez-Vizcaíno JM, Rodríguez-Bertos A, Kosowska A, Barasona JÁ. Tertiary lymphoid organs in wild boar exposed to a low-virulent isolate of African swine fever virus. Vet Q 2024; 44:1-13. [PMID: 38533618 DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2024.2331525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite the great interest in the development of a vaccine against African swine fever (ASF) in wild boar, the immunological mechanisms that induce animal protection are still unknown. For this purpose, tertiary lymphoid organs (TLOs) of wild boar were characterised and compared with mucosa-associated lymphoid tissues (MALTs) by histopathology, histomorphometry and immunohistochemistry (CD3, CD79, PAX5, LYVE1, fibronectin). In addition, real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and immunohistochemistry (p72) were used to evaluate the presence of ASF virus (ASFV) in blood and tissues samples, respectively. TLOs were observed in animals infected with a low-virulent ASFV isolate (LVI), animals co-infected with low and high-virulent ASFV isolates (LVI-HVI) and animals infected only with the high virulence isolate (HVI). TLOs in LVI and LVI-HVI groups were located adjacent to the mucosa and presented a similar structure to MALT. Immunoexpresion of p72 observed in the inflammatory cells adjacent to TLOs/MALTs confirmed its development and reactivity generated by ASF attenuated isolates. Immunohistochemical evaluation, based on cellular composition (T and B lymphocytes), and histomorphometrical study revealed a more pronounced maturation of TLOs/MALTs in the LVI-HVI group. It is currently unclear whether these formations play a protective role by contributing to local immunity in chronic inflammatory diseases. However, the structural similarities between TLOs and MALTs and the location of TLOs close to the mucosa suggest that they may perform a similar function, facilitating a local protective response. Nevertheless, further investigations are warranted to assess the cellular and humoral dynamics of these lymphoid organs induced by attenuated isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Néstor Porras
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - José M Sánchez-Vizcaíno
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Rodríguez-Bertos
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Internal Medicine and Animal Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Aleksandra Kosowska
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Á Barasona
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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2
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Cruz-Cureño GT, Rosales-Tarteaut MC, Arriaga-Pizano LA, Sánchez-Torres LE, Castro-Eguiluz D, Prieto-Chávez JL, Pastelin-Palacios R, Flisser A, Cérbulo-Vázquez A. Splenocytes and thymocytes migration patterns between lymphoid organs in pregnancy. Biochem Biophys Rep 2024; 39:101769. [PMID: 39050011 PMCID: PMC11268130 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2024.101769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Cell migration is essential for the immune system and is frequently analyzed in adult non-pregnant animals but poorly explored in pregnant animals. However, a physiologic increased size in the spleen and periaortic lymph nodes had been reported in pregnant mice. Methods Using a mouse model, we transferred PKH26-stained thymocytes and splenocytes from pregnant or non-pregnant animals to receptor mice in the presence or absence of pregnancy. Percentage of PKH-26 cells and Mean Fluorescence Intensity were calculated. Non-parametric ANOVA analysis was performed. Results We detected that the percentage of PKH26+ thymocytes in the spleen, lymph nodes, and peripheral blood is higher in females than in males (p = 0.039). Our results showed a similar frequency of thymocytes and splenocytes from pregnant and non-pregnant mice located in receptor lymphoid organs (p > 0.05). Also, the location of marked cells was similar during the perinatal period (p > 0.05). Conclusions The mobility of thymocytes and splenocytes in pregnant and non-pregnant mice is similar. Therefore, we suggest that the larger size of the spleen and periaortic lymph nodes noted previously in pregnant mice could result from the retention of leukocytes in the secondary lymphoid organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela T. Cruz-Cureño
- Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prolongación Carpio s/n esq, Plan de Ayala, Plutarco Elías Calles, CP 11340, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Marina Ch Rosales-Tarteaut
- Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prolongación Carpio s/n esq, Plan de Ayala, Plutarco Elías Calles, CP 11340, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Lourdes A. Arriaga-Pizano
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Inmunoquímica, Centro de Instrumentos, Hospital de Especialidades, CMN Siglo XXI, Av. Cuahutemoc 330, Doctores, CP 06725, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Luvia E. Sánchez-Torres
- Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prolongación Carpio s/n esq, Plan de Ayala, Plutarco Elías Calles, CP 11340, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Denisse Castro-Eguiluz
- Investigador por México, CONAHCyT-Departamento de Investigación Clínica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Jessica L. Prieto-Chávez
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Inmunoquímica, Centro de Instrumentos, Hospital de Especialidades, CMN Siglo XXI, Av. Cuahutemoc 330, Doctores, CP 06725, Ciudad de México, Mexico
- Centro de Instrumentos, Hospital de Especialidades, CMN Siglo XXI, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Rodolfo Pastelin-Palacios
- Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Circuito interior, Av. Universidad 3000, CP 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Ana Flisser
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Circuito interior, Av. Universidad 3000, CP 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Arturo Cérbulo-Vázquez
- Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prolongación Carpio s/n esq, Plan de Ayala, Plutarco Elías Calles, CP 11340, Ciudad de México, Mexico
- Hospital General de México “Dr. Eduardo Liceaga”. Medicina Genómica, Dr. Balmis 148. Doctores, Alcaldía Cuauhtémoc, CP 06726, Ciudad de México, Mexico
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Riedl R, Kühn A, Hupfer Y, Hebecker B, Peltner LK, Jordan PM, Werz O, Lorkowski S, Wiegand C, Wallert M. Characterization of Different Inflammatory Skin Conditions in a Mouse Model of DNCB-Induced Atopic Dermatitis. Inflammation 2024; 47:771-788. [PMID: 38150167 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-023-01943-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
The mouse model of 2,4-dinitrochlorbenzene (DNCB)-induced human-like atopic dermatitis (hlAD) has been widely used to test novel treatment strategies and compounds. However, the study designs and methods are highly diverse, presenting different hlAD disease patterns that occur after sensitization and repeated challenge with DNCB on dorsal skin. In addition, there is a lack of information about the progression of the disease during the experiment and the achieved pheno- and endotypes, especially at the timepoint when therapeutic treatment is initiated. We here examine hlAD in a DNCB-induced BALB/cJRj model at different timepoints: (i) before starting treatment with dexamethasone, representing a standard drug control (day 12) and (ii) at the end of the experiment (day 22). Both timepoints display typical AD-associated characteristics: skin thickening, spongiosis, hyper- and parakeratosis, altered cytokine and gene expression, increased lipid mediator formation, barrier protein and antimicrobial peptide abnormalities, as well as lymphoid organ hypertrophy. Increased mast cell infiltration into the skin and elevated immunoglobulin E plasma concentrations indicate a type I allergy response. The DNCB-treated skin showed an extrinsic moderate sub-acute hlAD lesion at day 12 and an extrinsic mild sub-acute to chronic pheno- and endotype at day 22 with a dominating Th2 response. A dependency of the filaggrin formation and expression in correlation to the disease severity in the DNCB-treated skin was found. In conclusion, our study reveals a detailed classification of a hlAD at two timepoints with different inflammatory skin conditions and pheno- and endotypes, thereby providing a better understanding of the DNCB-induced hlAD model in BALB/cJRj mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Riedl
- Department of Dermatology, Dermatological Research Laboratory, Jena University Hospital, 07747, Jena, Germany
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology of Nutrition, Institute of Nutritional Science, Friedrich Schiller University, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Annika Kühn
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology of Nutrition, Institute of Nutritional Science, Friedrich Schiller University, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Yvonne Hupfer
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology of Nutrition, Institute of Nutritional Science, Friedrich Schiller University, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Betty Hebecker
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology of Nutrition, Institute of Nutritional Science, Friedrich Schiller University, 07743, Jena, Germany
- Competence Cluster for Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health (nutriCARD) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Lukas K Peltner
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich Schiller University, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Paul M Jordan
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich Schiller University, 07743, Jena, Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Oliver Werz
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich Schiller University, 07743, Jena, Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Stefan Lorkowski
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology of Nutrition, Institute of Nutritional Science, Friedrich Schiller University, 07743, Jena, Germany
- Competence Cluster for Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health (nutriCARD) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Cornelia Wiegand
- Department of Dermatology, Dermatological Research Laboratory, Jena University Hospital, 07747, Jena, Germany
| | - Maria Wallert
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology of Nutrition, Institute of Nutritional Science, Friedrich Schiller University, 07743, Jena, Germany.
- Competence Cluster for Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health (nutriCARD) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, 07743, Jena, Germany.
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Riedl R, Kühn A, Rietz D, Hebecker B, Glowalla KG, Peltner LK, Jordan PM, Werz O, Lorkowski S, Wiegand C, Wallert M. Establishment and Characterization of Mild Atopic Dermatitis in the DNCB-Induced Mouse Model. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12325. [PMID: 37569701 PMCID: PMC10418750 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
In dermatological research, 2,4-dinitrochlorbenzene (DNCB)-induced atopic dermatitis (AD) is a standard model as it displays many disease-associated characteristics of human AD. However, the reproducibility of the model is challenging due to the lack of information regarding the methodology and the description of the phenotype and endotype of the mimicked disease. In this study, a DNCB-induced mouse model was established with a detailed procedure description and classification of the AD human-like skin type. The disease was induced with 1% DNCB in the sensitization phase and repeated applications of 0.3% and 0.5% DNCB in the challenging phase which led to a mild phenotype of AD eczema. Pathophysiological changes of the dorsal skin were measured: thickening of the epidermis and dermis, altered skin barrier proteins, increased TH1 and TH2 cytokine expression, a shift in polyunsaturated fatty acids, increased pro-resolving and inflammatory mediator formation, and dysregulated inflammation-associated gene expression. A link to type I allergy reactions was evaluated by increased mast cell infiltration into the skin accompanied by elevated IgE and histamine levels in plasma. As expected for mild AD, no systemic inflammation was observed. In conclusion, this experimental setup demonstrates many features of a mild human-like extrinsic AD in murine skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Riedl
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Jena, Dermatological Research Laboratory, 07747 Jena, Germany; (R.R.); (D.R.); (C.W.)
- Department of Nutritional Biochemistry and Physiology, Institute of Nutritional Science, Friedrich Schiller University, 07743 Jena, Germany; (A.K.); (B.H.); (S.L.)
| | - Annika Kühn
- Department of Nutritional Biochemistry and Physiology, Institute of Nutritional Science, Friedrich Schiller University, 07743 Jena, Germany; (A.K.); (B.H.); (S.L.)
| | - Denise Rietz
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Jena, Dermatological Research Laboratory, 07747 Jena, Germany; (R.R.); (D.R.); (C.W.)
| | - Betty Hebecker
- Department of Nutritional Biochemistry and Physiology, Institute of Nutritional Science, Friedrich Schiller University, 07743 Jena, Germany; (A.K.); (B.H.); (S.L.)
- Competence Cluster for Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health (nutriCARD) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Karl-Gunther Glowalla
- Service Unit Experimental Biomedicine, Friedrich Schiller University, 07745 Jena, Germany;
| | - Lukas K. Peltner
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich Schiller University, 07743 Jena, Germany; (L.K.P.); (P.M.J.); (O.W.)
| | - Paul M. Jordan
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich Schiller University, 07743 Jena, Germany; (L.K.P.); (P.M.J.); (O.W.)
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Oliver Werz
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich Schiller University, 07743 Jena, Germany; (L.K.P.); (P.M.J.); (O.W.)
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Stefan Lorkowski
- Department of Nutritional Biochemistry and Physiology, Institute of Nutritional Science, Friedrich Schiller University, 07743 Jena, Germany; (A.K.); (B.H.); (S.L.)
- Competence Cluster for Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health (nutriCARD) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Cornelia Wiegand
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Jena, Dermatological Research Laboratory, 07747 Jena, Germany; (R.R.); (D.R.); (C.W.)
| | - Maria Wallert
- Department of Nutritional Biochemistry and Physiology, Institute of Nutritional Science, Friedrich Schiller University, 07743 Jena, Germany; (A.K.); (B.H.); (S.L.)
- Competence Cluster for Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health (nutriCARD) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, 07743 Jena, Germany
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Prognostic Significance of the Post-Treatment Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio in Pharyngeal Cancers Treated with Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15041248. [PMID: 36831590 PMCID: PMC9954210 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15041248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Even though the pre-treatment neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) are well-established prognosticators in various cancers including head and neck cancers, there have been relatively few studies on the clinical significance of the post-treatment values. This study aimed to investigate the changes in NLR and PLR after concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) and to evaluate their prognostic significance in pharyngeal cancers. METHODS This study was retrospectively conducted on 461 consecutive patients with primary pharyngeal cancer who had received definitive CCRT. Blood test results before and after CCRT were obtained, and the pre- and post-treatment NLR and PLR were calculated. Patient prognosis was evaluated based on overall survival (OS) and relapse-free survival (RFS). RESULTS After CCRT, the NLR increased from 2.01 (interquartile range (IQR), 1.53-2.62) to 2.69 (IQR, 1.93-3.81), and the PLR increased from 118.84 (IQR, 92.61-151.63) to 193.19 (IQR, 146.28-262.46). Along with high pre-treatment NLR and high pre-treatment PLR, high post-treatment NLR was also significantly associated with worse OS and RFS (p = 0.013 and p = 0.026). In addition, patients with a high ΔNLR (i.e., the difference between pre- and post-treatment NLRs) had significantly worse OS and RFS (p = 0.013 and p = 0.026). However, only a high pre-treatment NLR (hazard ratio (HR), 2.19; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.17-4.08; p = 0.014), age (HR, 2.16; 95% CI, 1.14-4.08; p = 0.018), and stage IV (HR, 2.11; 95% CI, 1.15-3.89; p = 0.017) were independent prognostic factors for OS in the multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS In patients with pharyngeal cancers, following CCRT, the NLR and PLR increased significantly from pre-treatment values. Like the pre-treatment NLR and PLR, a high post-treatment NLR and a significant increase in NLR were also associated with poor prognosis. Further prospective studies are required to prove the independent significance of the post-treatment NLR and PLR.
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Liao H, Ye J, Gao Y, Lian C, Liu L, Xu X, Feng Y, Yang Y, Yang Y, Shen Q, Gao L, Liu Z, Liu Y. Baicalein self-microemulsion based on drug-phospholipid complex for the alleviation of cytokine storm. Bioeng Transl Med 2023; 8:e10357. [PMID: 36684101 PMCID: PMC9842031 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytokine storm is a phenomenon whereby the overreaction of the human immune system leads to the release of inflammatory cytokines, which can lead to multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. At present, the existing drugs for the treatment of cytokine storm have limited efficacy and severe adverse effects. Here, we report a lymphatic targeting self-microemulsifying drug delivery system containing baicalein to effectively inhibit cytokine storm. Baicalein self-microemulsion with phospholipid complex as an intermediate carrier (BAPC-SME) prepared in this study could be spontaneously emulsified to form 12-nm oil-in-water nanoemulsion after administration. And then BAPC-SME underwent uptake by enterocyte through endocytosis mediated by lipid valve and clathrin, and had obvious characteristics of mesenteric lymph node targeting distribution. Oral administration of BAPC-SME could significantly inhibit the increase in plasma levels of 14 cytokines: TNF-α, IL-6, IFN-γ, MCP-1, IL-17A, IL-27, IL-1α, GM-CSF, MIG, IFN-β, IL-12, MIP-3α, IL-23, and RANTES in mice experiencing systemic cytokine storm. BAPC-SME could also significantly improve the pathological injury and inflammatory cell infiltration of lung tissue in mice experiencing local cytokine storm. This study does not only provide a new lymphatic targeted drug delivery strategy for the treatment of cytokine storm but also has great practical significance for the clinical development of baicalein self-microemulsion therapies for cytokine storm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengfeng Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia MedicaChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia MedicaChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Jun Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia MedicaChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia MedicaChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Yue Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia MedicaChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia MedicaChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Chunfang Lian
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia MedicaChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia MedicaChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Lu Liu
- Research and Development DepartmentBeijing Wehand‐Bio Pharmaceutical Co. LtdBeijingChina
| | - Xiaoyan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia MedicaChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia MedicaChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Yu Feng
- Research and Development DepartmentBeijing Wehand‐Bio Pharmaceutical Co. LtdBeijingChina
| | - Yanfang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia MedicaChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia MedicaChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Yuqi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia MedicaChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia MedicaChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Qiqi Shen
- Research and Development DepartmentBeijing Wehand‐Bio Pharmaceutical Co. LtdBeijingChina
| | - Lili Gao
- Research and Development DepartmentBeijing Wehand‐Bio Pharmaceutical Co. LtdBeijingChina
| | - Zhihua Liu
- Research and Development DepartmentBeijing Wehand‐Bio Pharmaceutical Co. LtdBeijingChina
| | - Yuling Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia MedicaChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia MedicaChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
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Ozawa M, Nakajima S, Kobayashi D, Tomii K, Li NJ, Watarai T, Suzuki R, Watanabe S, Kanda Y, Takeuchi A, Katakai T. Micro- and Macro-Anatomical Frameworks of Lymph Nodes Indispensable for the Lymphatic System Filtering Function. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:902601. [PMID: 35794860 PMCID: PMC9251010 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.902601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In the lymphatic vascular system, lymph nodes (LNs) play a pivotal role in filtering and removing lymph-borne substances. The filtering function of LNs involves resident macrophages tightly associated with unique lymphatic sinus structures. Moreover, an intermittently arranged LN in the lymphatic pathway is considered to cooperatively prevent lymph-borne substances from entering blood circulation. However, the functional significance of tissue microarchitecture, cellular composition, and individual LNs in the “LN chain” system is not fully understood. To explore the mechanistic and histo-anatomical significance of LNs as lymph fluid filters, we subcutaneously injected fluorescent tracers into mice and examined the details of lymphatic transport to the LNs qualitatively and quantitatively. Lymph-borne tracers were selectively accumulated in the MARCO+ subcapsular-medullary sinus border (SMB) region of the LN, in which reticular lymphatic endothelial cells and CD169+F4/80+ medullary sinus macrophages construct a dense meshwork of the physical barrier, forming the main body to capture the tracers. We also demonstrated stepwise filtration via the LN chain in the lymphatic basin, which prevented tracer leakage into the blood. Furthermore, inflammatory responses that induce the remodeling of LN tissue as well as the lymphatic pathway reinforce the overall filtering capacity of the lymphatic basin. Taken together, specialized tissue infrastructure in the LNs and their systematic orchestration constitute an integrated filtering system for lymphatic recirculation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madoka Ozawa
- Department of Immunology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Shihori Nakajima
- Department of Immunology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Daichi Kobayashi
- Department of Immunology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Koichi Tomii
- Department of Immunology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Nan-Jun Li
- Department of Immunology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Tomoya Watarai
- Department of Immunology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Ryo Suzuki
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Satoshi Watanabe
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kanda
- Department of Immunology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Arata Takeuchi
- Department of Immunology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
- Department of Immunology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoya Katakai
- Department of Immunology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
- *Correspondence: Tomoya Katakai,
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Role of tertiary lymphoid organs in the regulation of immune responses in the periphery. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:359. [PMID: 35689679 PMCID: PMC9188279 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04388-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Tertiary lymphoid organs (TLOs) are collections of immune cells resembling secondary lymphoid organs (SLOs) that form in peripheral, non-lymphoid tissues in response to local chronic inflammation. While their formation mimics embryologic lymphoid organogenesis, TLOs form after birth at ectopic sites in response to local inflammation resulting in their ability to mount diverse immune responses. The structure of TLOs can vary from clusters of B and T lymphocytes to highly organized structures with B and T lymphocyte compartments, germinal centers, and lymphatic vessels (LVs) and high endothelial venules (HEVs), allowing them to generate robust immune responses at sites of tissue injury. Although our understanding of the formation and function of these structures has improved greatly over the last 30 years, their role as mediators of protective or pathologic immune responses in certain chronic inflammatory diseases remains enigmatic and may differ based on the local tissue microenvironment in which they form. In this review, we highlight the role of TLOs in the regulation of immune responses in chronic infection, chronic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, cancer, and solid organ transplantation.
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Photoperiodic Modulation in Immune and Reproductive Systems in Japanese Quails ( Coturnix japonica): A Morphometric Perspective. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9050248. [PMID: 35622776 PMCID: PMC9147197 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9050248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was designed to elucidate a relationship between lymphoid organs and reproductive activity in male Japanese quails (Coturnix japonica) bred in a temperate region of Pakistan (30.3753° N, 69.3451° E) in response to photoperiodic changes. The research focused primarily on the relative morphological changes in primary (thymus and bursa of Fabricius) and secondary (spleen) lymphoid organs with respect to seasonal variations in the histomorphometry of testicular tissue. For this purpose, a comparable number of clinically healthy Japanese quails were exsanguinated during active (April–May), regressive (September–October) and inactive (January–February) reproductive phases. Following an extensive gross measurement of lymphoid and reproductive organs, a histomorphometric analysis was performed on sampled tissues by employing ImageJ® software. Blood was collected for hormonal and leukocytic analysis. One-way ANOVA was used for statistical comparison. Testes had the highest parenchymal development in the active phase (80.66 ± 21.22 µm) and the lowest in the inactive phase (27.80 ± 7.22 µm). Conversely, a percentage change was evident in the sizes of primary (bursa: 61.5%, thymus: 46.9%) and secondary (spleen: 23.9%) lymphoid organs during inactive and active reproductive phases. This study demonstrated that a physiological trade-off is imperative between immune and reproductive systems for optimum survivability and reproductive performance.
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10
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Ichii O, Hosotani M, Masum MA, Horino T, Otani Y, Namba T, Nakamura T, Hosny Ali EY, Kon Y. Close Association between Altered Urine-Urothelium Barrier and Tertiary Lymphoid Structure Formation in the Renal Pelvis during Nephritis. J Am Soc Nephrol 2022; 33:88-107. [PMID: 34686544 PMCID: PMC8763173 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2021040575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kidneys with chronic inflammation develop tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs). Infectious pyelonephritis is characterized by renal pelvis (RP) inflammation. However, the pathologic features of TLSs, including their formation and association with non-infectious nephritis, are unclear. METHODS RPs from humans and mice that were healthy or had non-infectious chronic nephritis were analyzed for TLS development, and the mechanism of TLS formation investigated using urothelium or lymphoid structure cultures. RESULTS Regardless of infection, TLSs in the RP, termed urinary tract-associated lymphoid structures (UTALSs), formed in humans and mice with chronic nephritis. Moreover, urine played a unique role in UTALS formation. Specifically, we identified urinary IFN-γ as a candidate factor affecting urothelial barrier integrity because it alters occludin expression. In a nephritis mouse model, urine leaked from the lumen of the RP into the parenchyma. In addition, urine immunologically stimulated UTALS-forming cells via cytokine (IFN-γ, TNF-α) and chemokine (CXCL9, CXCL13) production. CXCL9 and CXCL13 were expressed in UTALS stromal cells and urine stimulation specifically induced CXCL13 in cultured fibroblasts. Characteristically, type XVII collagen (BP180), a candidate autoantigen of bullous pemphigoid, was ectopically localized in the urothelium covering UTALSs and associated with UTALS development by stimulating CXCL9 or IL-22 induction via the TNF-α/FOS/JUN pathway. Notably, UTALS development indices were positively correlated with chronic nephritis development. CONCLUSIONS TLS formation in the RP is possible and altered urine-urothelium barrier-based UTALS formation may represent a novel mechanism underlying the pathogenesis of chronic nephritis, regardless of urinary tract infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osamu Ichii
- Laboratory of Anatomy, Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan,Laboratory of Agrobiomedical Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Marina Hosotani
- Laboratory of Anatomy, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Japan
| | - Md. Abdul Masum
- Laboratory of Anatomy, Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan,Department of Anatomy, Histology and Physiology, Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Taro Horino
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nephrology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku, Japan
| | - Yuki Otani
- Laboratory of Anatomy, Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takashi Namba
- Laboratory of Anatomy, Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Teppei Nakamura
- Laboratory of Anatomy, Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan,Department of Biological Safety Research, Food Research Laboratories, Chitose, Japan
| | - Elewa Yaser Hosny Ali
- Laboratory of Anatomy, Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan,Department of Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Yasuhiro Kon
- Laboratory of Anatomy, Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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11
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Yamamoto S, Yanagita M. A Novel Pathological Mechanism of Tertiary Lymphoid Structure Formation in the Renal Pelvis. J Am Soc Nephrol 2022; 33:4-6. [PMID: 34903567 PMCID: PMC8763190 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2021111465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Yamamoto
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Motoko Yanagita
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan,Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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12
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Eftekhari Talab MH, Hamedi S, Paryani MR. Age-dependent changes of gut-associated lymphoid tissue in one to four-month-old turkeys: A histological study. BULGARIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.15547/bjvm.2020-0082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) has a pivotal role in the health of birds as the first line of defense against foodborne pathogens. On the other hand, this part of immune system is important for successful development of vaccines. Due to scarcity of knowledge on GALT of turkey as a major industrial species, this study aimed to evaluate histological features of GALT in this species. A total of 40 clinically healthy BUT6 turkeys from both sexes at the age of 1, 2, 3, and 4 months were included in the study. Samples were immediately removed after slaughter from different parts of the gut, including pharyngeal tonsil, cervical oesophagus, oesophageal tonsil, proventriculus, pyloric tonsil, ileum, Meckel’s diverticulum, caecal tonsil, the middle and apex of caecum, rectum, and cloaca. After fixation and routine procedures followed by hematoxylin-eosin staining, samples were studied histologically under light microscope. In addition, photomicrographs were taken from sections and were analysed for histomorphometric parameters using Zeiss Axio vision rel.4.8 software. According to the results, in one-month-old turkeys, lymphatic tissues in pharyngeal tonsil, pyloric tonsil, proventriculus, caecal tonsil, middle, and apex of caecum, Meckel’s diverticulum, and cloaca were completely developed, while in some other parts such as the cervical oesophagus and the rectum lymphatic structures were absent. In the ileum, the Peyer’s patch was observed as an aggregated structure, although the diffuse lymphatic tissue has properly evolved. In two months old turkeys, the dense lymphatic tissue including primary and secondary lymphatic follicles, was present in cervical oesophagus, Peyer’s patch, rectum, and cloaca. Many histomorphometric parameters of lymphoid tissue also developed age-dependently. In four months old birds the dense lymphatic tissue was obvious in all examined specimens. Moreover, no signs of tissue atrophy were seen at the age of four months (prepuberty) in the GALT specimens. In conclusion, the GALT of turkeys was histologically quite similar to those of other birds and these structures showed an age-dependent development from 1 to 4 months of age.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - S. Hamedi
- Department of Basic Sciences, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran
| | - M. R. Paryani
- Department of Basic Sciences, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran
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13
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Pabst R. The bronchus-associated-lymphoid tissue (BALT) an unique lymphoid organ in man and animals. Ann Anat 2021; 240:151833. [PMID: 34670121 DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2021.151833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The development structure and number of bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT) will be described in many different animals (like chicken, rabbit, mouse, rat, farm animals and particular the pig, monkey) and these data compared to healthy man and in human diseases. The term induced BALT should not be used because it is a tertiary lymphoid structure, which lacks the contact to a bronchus and does not consist of the important area (dome area) which is essential for antigen uptake of microbial stimuli, which are essential in the development of BALT. Mycoplasma seems to play a critical role as shown in pigs but there not been documented in other species like rabbits. More studies have to be performed in health and disease (e.g. in apes) to document the structural and functional basis to use BALT as an entry site for vaccination protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reinhard Pabst
- Immunomorphology, Centre of Anatomy, Medical School Hannover, Germany.
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14
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Bjørgen H, Koppang EO. Anatomy of teleost fish immune structures and organs. Immunogenetics 2021; 73:53-63. [PMID: 33426583 PMCID: PMC7862538 DOI: 10.1007/s00251-020-01196-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The function of a tissue is determined by its construction and cellular composition. The action of different genes can thus only be understood properly when seen in the context of the environment in which they are expressed and function. We now experience a renaissance in morphological research in fish, not only because, surprisingly enough, large structures have remained un-described until recently, but also because improved methods for studying morphological characteristics in combination with expression analysis are at hand. In this review, we address anatomical features of teleost immune tissues. There are approximately 30,000 known teleost fish species and only a minor portion of them have been studied. We aim our review at the Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and other salmonids, but when applicable, we also present information from other species. Our focus is the anatomy of the kidney, thymus, spleen, the interbranchial lymphoid tissue (ILT), the newly discovered salmonid cloacal bursa and the naso-pharynx associated lymphoid tissue (NALT).
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Affiliation(s)
- Håvard Bjørgen
- Section of Anatomy, The Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ullevålsveien 72, Oslo, Norway
| | - Erling Olaf Koppang
- Section of Anatomy, The Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ullevålsveien 72, Oslo, Norway.
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15
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Pabst R, Miller LA, Schelegle E, Hyde DM. Organized lymphatic tissue (BALT) in lungs of rhesus monkeys after air pollutant exposure. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2020; 303:2766-2773. [PMID: 32445535 PMCID: PMC8793891 DOI: 10.1002/ar.24456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The presence of bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT) and its size in humans largely depends upon age. It is detected in 35% of children less than 2 years of age, but absent in the healthy adult lung. Environmental gases or allergens may have an effect on the number of BALT. Lungs of rhesus macaque monkeys were screened by histology for the presence, size, and location of BALT after exposure to filtered air for 2, 6, 12, or 36 months or 12 and 36 months to ozone or 2, 12, or 36 months of house dust mite or a combination of ozone and house dust mite for 12 months. In the lungs of monkeys housed in filtered air for 2 months, no BALT was identified. After 6, 12, or 36 months, the number of BALT showed a significantly increased correlation with age in monkeys housed in filtered air. After 2 months of episodic house dust mite (HDM) exposure, no BALT was found. Monkeys exposed to HDM or HDM + ozone did not show a significant increase in BALT compared to monkeys housed in filtered air. However, monkeys exposed to ozone alone did show significant increases in BALT compared to all other groups. In particular, there were frequent accumulations of lymphocytes in the periarterial space of ozone exposed animals. In conclusion, BALT in rhesus monkeys housed under filtered air conditions is age-dependent. BALT significantly increased in monkeys exposed to ozone in comparison with monkeys exposed to HDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reinhard Pabst
- Institute of Immunomorphology, Centre of Anatomy, Medical School of Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Lisa A. Miller
- California National Primate Research Center, Davis, California, USA
| | - Edward Schelegle
- California National Primate Research Center, Davis, California, USA
| | - Dallas M. Hyde
- California National Primate Research Center, Davis, California, USA
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16
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Lymphoid Tissue in Teleost Gills: Variations on a Theme. BIOLOGY 2020; 9:biology9060127. [PMID: 32549335 PMCID: PMC7344468 DOI: 10.3390/biology9060127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In bony fish, the gill filaments are essential for gas exchanges, but also are vulnerable to infection by water-borne microorganisms. Omnipresent across fish, gill-associated lymphoid tissues (GIALT) regulate interactions with local microbiota and halt infection by pathogens. A special GIALT structure has recently been found in Salmonids, the interbranchial lymphoid tissue (ILT). However, the structural variation of GIALT across bony fish remains largely unknown. Here, we show how this critical zone of interaction evolved across fishes. By labeling a conserved T-cell epitope on tissue sections, we find that several basal groups of teleosts possess typical ILT, while modern teleosts have lymphoepithelium of different shape and size at the base of primary gill filaments. Within Cypriniformes, neither body size variation between two related species, zebrafish and common carp, nor morphotype variation, did have a drastic effect on the structure of ILT. Thereby this study is the first to describe the presence of ILT in zebrafish. The ILT variability across fish orders seems to represent different evolutionary solutions to balancing trade-offs between multiple adaptations of jaws and pharyngeal region, and immune responses. Our data point to a wide structural variation in gill immunity between basal groups and modern teleosts.
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17
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Willard-Mack CL, Elmore SA, Hall WC, Harleman J, Kuper CF, Losco P, Rehg JE, Rühl-Fehlert C, Ward JM, Weinstock D, Bradley A, Hosokawa S, Pearse G, Mahler BW, Herbert RA, Keenan CM. Nonproliferative and Proliferative Lesions of the Rat and Mouse Hematolymphoid System. Toxicol Pathol 2020; 47:665-783. [PMID: 31526133 DOI: 10.1177/0192623319867053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The INHAND Project (International Harmonization of Nomenclature and Diagnostic Criteria for Lesions in Rats and Mice) is a joint initiative of the Societies of Toxicologic Pathology from Europe (ESTP), Great Britain (BSTP), Japan (JSTP), and North America (STP) to develop an internationally accepted nomenclature for proliferative and nonproliferative changes in rats and mice. The purpose of this publication is to provide a standardized nomenclature for classifying changes observed in the hematolymphoid organs, including the bone marrow, thymus, spleen, lymph nodes, mucosa-associated lymphoid tissues, and other lymphoid tissues (serosa-associated lymphoid clusters and tertiary lymphoid structures) with color photomicrographs illustrating examples of the lesions. Sources of material included histopathology databases from government, academia, and industrial laboratories throughout the world. Content includes spontaneous lesions as well as lesions induced by exposure to test materials. The nomenclature for these organs is divided into 3 terminologies: descriptive, conventional, and enhanced. Three terms are listed for each diagnosis. The rationale for this approach and guidance for its application to toxicologic pathology are described in detail below.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Susan A Elmore
- Thymus subgroup lead.,National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | | | - Johannes Harleman
- Lymph node subgroup lead.,Neoplasm subgroup leads.,Independent Consultant, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - C Frieke Kuper
- Associated lymphoid organs subgroup lead.,Independent Consultant, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Patricia Losco
- General hematolymphoid subgroup lead.,Independent Consultant, West Chester, PA, USA
| | - Jerold E Rehg
- Spleen subgroup leads.,Neoplasm subgroup leads.,Saint Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | | | - Jerrold M Ward
- Spleen subgroup leads.,Neoplasm subgroup leads.,Global VetPathology, Montgomery Village, MD, USA
| | | | - Alys Bradley
- Charles River Laboratories, Tranent, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Satoru Hosokawa
- Eisai Co, Ltd, Drug Safety Research Laboratories, Ibaraki, Japan
| | | | - Beth W Mahler
- Experimental Pathology Laboratories, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Ronald A Herbert
- National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
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18
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Li K, Guo Q, Zhang X, Dong X, Liu W, Zhang A, Li Y, Yan J, Jia G, Zheng Z, Tang W, Pan L, An M, Zhang B, Liu S, Fu B. Oral cancer-associated tertiary lymphoid structures: gene expression profile and prognostic value. Clin Exp Immunol 2019; 199:172-181. [PMID: 31652350 DOI: 10.1111/cei.13389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tertiary lymphoid structure (TLS) provides a local and critical microenvironment for both cellular and humoral immunity and supports effective antigen presentation and lymphocyte activation. However, the gene expression profile and prognostic significance of TLS in oral cancer remain largely unrevealed. In this study, we found the presence of both intratumoral and peritumoral TLSs in a series of 65 patients with oral cancer treated by surgical resection, with positive detection rates of 33.8 and 75.4%, respectively. The presence of intratumoral TLSs, but not peritumoral TLSs, was significantly associated with decreased P53 and Ki67 scores (P = 0·027 and 0·047, respectively). The survival analyses revealed that oral cancer patients with higher grades of TLSs was associated with improved disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) (P = 0·037 and 0·031, respectively). Gene expression profiling analysis of the cytokines and chemokines responsible for lymph-node neogenesis identified a three-up-regulated-gene set, i.e. IL7, LTB and CXCL13, which was shown to be correlated with human oral cancer-associated TLSs. This study provides a framework for better understanding of oral cancer-associated TLSs and for delineating future innovative prognostic biomarkers and immune therapeutic strategies for oral cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Li
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, China.,Department of Stomatology, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, China.,Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Medicine, Liaocheng, China
| | - Q Guo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Yidu Central Hospital of Weifang, Weifang, China
| | - X Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, China
| | - X Dong
- Department of Pathology, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, China
| | - W Liu
- Department of Central Laboratory, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, China
| | - A Zhang
- Department of Central Laboratory, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, China
| | - Y Li
- Department of Pathology, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, China
| | - J Yan
- Department of Pathology, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, China
| | - G Jia
- Department of Pathology, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, China
| | - Z Zheng
- Department of Pathology, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, China
| | - W Tang
- Department of Central Laboratory, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, China
| | - L Pan
- Department of Central Laboratory, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, China
| | - M An
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, China
| | - B Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, China.,Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Medicine, Liaocheng, China
| | - S Liu
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - B Fu
- Department of Central Laboratory, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, China
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19
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Wang X, Yan X, Yang Y, Yang W, Zhang Y, Wang J, Ye D, Wu Y, Ma P, Yan B. Dibutyl phthalate-mediated oxidative stress induces splenic injury in mice and the attenuating effects of vitamin E and curcumin. Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 136:110955. [PMID: 31712109 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.110955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Dibutyl phthalate (DBP) is a ubiquitous environmental contaminant that at certain levels can be harmful to human health. Although DBP has been widely linked to immunotoxicity, any association between DBP exposure and splenic injury remains unknown. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether DBP exposure can induce splenic injury and the antagonistic effects of two antioxidants, vitamin E (VitE) and curcumin (Cur), on DBP-induced splenic injury. The levels of ROS, GSH, T-AOC, IL-1β, TNF-α, cytochrome C, caspase-8, caspase-9 and caspase-3 in the spleen homogenate of mice were measured. Any histopathological changes in the spleen were observed using H&E and toluidine blue staining. And the morphology of mitochondria was observed using Janus Green B staining. The results indicate that exposure to 50 mg/kg DBP could cause histopathological changes of the spleen and result in inflammation and apoptosis associated with oxidative stress, which may lead to splenic injury in mice. Moreover, both VitE and Cur could antagonize the oxidative stress induced by DBP to reduce splenic injury. These findings help to expand our understanding of DBP-mediated immunotoxicity, and to show that VitE and Cur can alleviate DBP-induced splenic injury and the possible DBP-associated decline in immune function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianliang Wang
- National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100021, China.
| | - Xu Yan
- National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100021, China.
| | - Yuyan Yang
- National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100021, China.
| | - Wenjing Yang
- National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100021, China.
| | - Yujing Zhang
- National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100021, China.
| | - Jiao Wang
- National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100021, China.
| | - Dan Ye
- National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100021, China.
| | - Yang Wu
- Laboratory of Environment-immunological and Neurological Diseases, Research Center of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, 437100, China.
| | - Ping Ma
- Laboratory of Environment-immunological and Neurological Diseases, Research Center of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, 437100, China.
| | - Biao Yan
- Laboratory of Environment-immunological and Neurological Diseases, Research Center of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, 437100, China.
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20
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Matsubara S, Seki M, Suzuki S, Komori T, Takamori M. Tertiary lymphoid organs in the inflammatory myopathy associated with PD-1 inhibitors. J Immunother Cancer 2019; 7:256. [PMID: 31533865 PMCID: PMC6751882 DOI: 10.1186/s40425-019-0736-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Programmed cell death 1 inhibitors have revolutionized therapy for cancer by their outstanding effectiveness. However, they may cause adverse effects, among which inflammatory myopathy is one of the most disabling. To elucidate its mechanism, we analysed muscle biopsies and compared them with other inflammatory myopathies. METHODS Muscle biopsies from three patients with inflammatory myopathy after treatment with PD-1 inhibitors for cancer were subjected to immunohistochemical and ultrastructural analyses to localize CD8+ cytotoxic cells and markers of lymphoid follicles. For comparison, two cases of polymyositis and one of juvenile dermatomyositis were examined. RESULTS Nearly identical pathological features were observed in the three cases. In the island-like foci of inflammation, muscle fibers were undergoing degeneration. CD8+ cytotoxic T cells, macrophages, CD4+ cells, and B cells were observed in the foci. CD8+ cells were seen outside and inside the basal lamina of non-necrotic muscle fibers. Lymphoid follicle-like structures with CD21+ follicular dendritic cells were present. The blood vessels in the foci showed features consistent with the high endothelial venules, on which their markers, PNAd and CCL21, were expressed. In polymyositis, blood vessels stained only faintly for PNAd and CCL21, while in juvenile dermatomyositis, in which tertiary lymphoid follicle-like structure was reported in the past, they stained positively. CONCLUSIONS In inflammatory myopathy associated with PD-1 inhibitors, CD8+ cells appear to predominantly destruct muscle fibers. The presence of lymphoid follicle-like structures and expression of PNAd and CCL21 on the endothelial cells suggest the tertiary lymphoid organs are formed, and involved in the leakage of lymphocytes. Thus, in the three cases examined, formation of the tertiary lymphoid organs is likely to play an important role in genesis of the PD-1 myopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiro Matsubara
- Department of Neurology, Tokyo Metropolitan Neurological Hospital, 2-6-1 Musashidai, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-0042 Japan
| | - Morinobu Seki
- Department of Neurology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582 Japan
| | - Shigeaki Suzuki
- Department of Neurology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582 Japan
| | - Takashi Komori
- Department of Neuropathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Neurological Hospital, 2-6-1 Musashidai, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-0042 Japan
| | - Mikio Takamori
- Respiratory / Medical Oncology Department, Tokyo Metropolitan Tama Medical Center, 2-8-29 Musashidai, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-0042 Japan
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Varga I, Gálfiová P, Blanková A, Konarik M, Báča V, Dvořákova V, Musil V, Turyna R, Klein M. Terminologia Histologica 10 years on: some disputable terms in need of discussion and recent developments. Ann Anat 2019; 226:16-22. [PMID: 31330306 DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2019.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
At first sight, the issue of morphological terminology may seem to be a "closed and unchanging chapter", as many of the structures within the human body have been known for decades or even centuries. However, the exact opposite is true. The initial knowledge of the microscopic structure of the human body has been continuously broadening thanks to the development of new specialized staining techniques, discovery of the electron microscope, or later application of histochemical and immunohistochemical methods into routine tissue examination. Contrary to popular belief, histology has a status of constantly developing scientific discipline, with continuous influx of new knowledge, resulting in an unavoidable necessity to revise the histological nomenclature at regular intervals. The team of experts of the Federative International Programme on Anatomical Terminology, a working group of the International Federation of Associations of Anatomists, published in 2008 the First Edition of Terminologia Histologica. Terminologia Histologica (TH) is the best and most extensive of all the histological nomenclatures ever issued. However, here we suggest that several terms of important histological structures are still missing while several other terms are disputable. First, we present some clinically important terms of cells and tissue structures for inclusion in the next TH and, in a second part, we refer to some new terms in the current edition of the TH which are not yet mentioned in current histology textbooks (e.g., fusocellular connective tissue, bundle bone as the third type of bone tissue, spongy layer of vagina or arteria vaginata from the splenic white pulp). With this article we hope to start a wide scientific discussion which will lead to an inambiguous definition and demonstration of typical examples of all terms in the TH, with the result that the new edition of the Terminologia Histologica will become an internationally accepted communication tool for all practitioners and teachers of histology alike.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Varga
- Institute of Histology and Embryology, Comenius University in Bratislava, Faculty of Medicine, Špitálska 24, SK-81372 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Paulína Gálfiová
- Institute of Histology and Embryology, Comenius University in Bratislava, Faculty of Medicine, Špitálska 24, SK-81372 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Alžbeta Blanková
- Department of Anatomy, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, U Nemocnice 3, 128 00 Praha, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Konarik
- Department of Anatomy, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, U Nemocnice 3, 128 00 Praha, Czech Republic
| | - Václav Báča
- Department of Health Care Studies, College of Polytechnics, Tolstého 16, 586 01 Jihlava, Czech Republic
| | - Vlasta Dvořákova
- Department of Health Care Studies, College of Polytechnics, Tolstého 16, 586 01 Jihlava, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Musil
- Centre of Scientific Information, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Ruská 87, 10000 Prague, Czech Republic; Institute of Information Studies and Librarianship, Faculty of Arts, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Radovan Turyna
- Department of Anatomy, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, U Nemocnice 3, 128 00 Praha, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Klein
- Institute of Histology and Embryology, Comenius University in Bratislava, Faculty of Medicine, Špitálska 24, SK-81372 Bratislava, Slovakia
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Subbannayya Y, Pinto SM, Bösl K, Prasad TSK, Kandasamy RK. Dynamics of Dual Specificity Phosphatases and Their Interplay with Protein Kinases in Immune Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20092086. [PMID: 31035605 PMCID: PMC6539644 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20092086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dual specificity phosphatases (DUSPs) have a well-known role as regulators of the immune response through the modulation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs). Yet the precise interplay between the various members of the DUSP family with protein kinases is not well understood. Recent multi-omics studies characterizing the transcriptomes and proteomes of immune cells have provided snapshots of molecular mechanisms underlying innate immune response in unprecedented detail. In this study, we focus on deciphering the interplay between members of the DUSP family with protein kinases in immune cells using publicly available omics datasets. Our analysis resulted in the identification of potential DUSP-mediated hub proteins including MAPK7, MAPK8, AURKA, and IGF1R. Furthermore, we analyzed the association of DUSP expression with TLR4 signaling and identified VEGF, FGFR, and SCF-KIT pathway modules to be regulated by the activation of TLR4 signaling. Finally, we identified several important kinases including LRRK2, MAPK8, and cyclin-dependent kinases as potential DUSP-mediated hubs in TLR4 signaling. The findings from this study have the potential to aid in the understanding of DUSP signaling in the context of innate immunity. Further, this will promote the development of therapeutic modalities for disorders with aberrant DUSP signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yashwanth Subbannayya
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research (CEMIR), Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (IKOM), Norwegian University of Science and Technology, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway.
- Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore 575018, India.
| | - Sneha M Pinto
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research (CEMIR), Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (IKOM), Norwegian University of Science and Technology, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway.
- Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore 575018, India.
| | - Korbinian Bösl
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research (CEMIR), Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (IKOM), Norwegian University of Science and Technology, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway.
| | - T S Keshava Prasad
- Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore 575018, India.
| | - Richard K Kandasamy
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research (CEMIR), Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (IKOM), Norwegian University of Science and Technology, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway.
- Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway (NCMM), Nordic EMBL Partnership, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, N-0349 Oslo, Norway.
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Sun J, Cui Y, Yu S, Xu Y, He J, Liu P, Huang Y, Li Q. Yak (Bos grunniens) Tonsils: Morphological Description and Expression of IgA and IgG. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2018; 302:999-1009. [DOI: 10.1002/ar.24001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Sun
- Laboratory of Animal Anatomy and Tissue Embryology, Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineGansu Agricultural University Lanzhou Gansu China
| | - Yan Cui
- Laboratory of Animal Anatomy and Tissue Embryology, Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineGansu Agricultural University Lanzhou Gansu China
- Gansu Province Livestock Embryo Engineering Research Center, Department of Clinical Veterinary MedicineFaculty of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University Lanzhou Gansu China
| | - Si‐Jiu Yu
- Gansu Province Livestock Embryo Engineering Research Center, Department of Clinical Veterinary MedicineFaculty of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University Lanzhou Gansu China
| | - Yuan‐Fang Xu
- Laboratory of Animal Anatomy and Tissue Embryology, Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineGansu Agricultural University Lanzhou Gansu China
| | - Jun‐Feng He
- Laboratory of Animal Anatomy and Tissue Embryology, Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineGansu Agricultural University Lanzhou Gansu China
| | - Peng‐Gang Liu
- Laboratory of Animal Anatomy and Tissue Embryology, Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineGansu Agricultural University Lanzhou Gansu China
| | - Yu‐Feng Huang
- Laboratory of Animal Anatomy and Tissue Embryology, Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineGansu Agricultural University Lanzhou Gansu China
| | - Qin Li
- Gansu Province Livestock Embryo Engineering Research Center, Department of Clinical Veterinary MedicineFaculty of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University Lanzhou Gansu China
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MyD88 signaling causes autoimmune sialadenitis through formation of high endothelial venules and upregulation of LTβ receptor-mediated signaling. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14272. [PMID: 30250175 PMCID: PMC6155371 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32690-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune sialadenitis (AS), chronic inflammation of the salivary glands (SGs) with focal lymphocyte infiltration, appears in autoimmune diseases such as Sjӧgren’s syndrome. The pathological role of MyD88-dependent innate immune signaling in autoimmune diseases including AS has been studied using mouse models, such as NOD mice. Although AS development in NOD mice was reported to be suppressed by Myd88 deficiency, its specific role remains unclear. Here, we determined the potent suppressive effects of Myd88 deficiency on AS development in lupus-prone B6/lpr mice, which have lymphoproliferation abnormalities, and also in NOD mice, which have no lymphoproliferation abnormalities. This indicates that MyD88 signaling triggers AS through both lymphoproliferation-dependent and -independent mechanisms. To address the MyD88-dependent lymphoproliferation-independent AS manifestation, SGs from C57BL/6 mice were analyzed. Remarkable upregulation of Glycam1 and high endothelial venule (HEV)-associated changes were unexpectedly found in Myd88+/+ mice, compared with Myd88−/− mice. MyD88-dependent HEV-associated changes were also observed in NOD mice. Additionally, Lta, Ltb, and Ltbr in SGs of NOD mice were lowered by Myd88 deficiency. Interestingly, LTβR-induced HEV-associated gene expression in cultured cells was impaired by Myd88 deficiency. Our findings highlight novel roles for MyD88 in AS development, which imply the existence of MyD88-dependent HEV formation in ectopic lymphoid neogenesis.
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Choi BK, Hwang SH, Kim YI, Singh R, Kwon BS. The hyaluronic acid-rich node and duct system is a structure organized for innate immunity and mediates the local inflammation. Cytokine 2018; 113:74-82. [PMID: 29907431 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2018.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The Hyaluronic Acid-rich Node and Duct System (HAR-NDS or NDS), Primo Vascular System (PVS) or Bonghan System (BHS), is thought to be a third circulatory system independent of the blood and lymphatic systems and a structure of connected nodes and ducts. Although it seems to be part of the immune system as it is enriched with cells of innate immunity, little is known about its immunological roles. We performed cellular profiling and secretome analysis of NDS in a steady state and under TLR2- or TLR4-mediated local inflammation, and found that the NDS is pre-dominantly enriched with the myeloid cells, selectively attracts the inflammatory macrophages and neutrophils, has a flexible structure just like the lymph node, and is structured with the fibroblastic reticular cells and reticular network. NDS dominantly harbored the myeloid cells in both steady and activated status, and secreted various types of inflammatory cytokines by proinflammatory stimuli. These results suggest that NDS is the lymphoid structure for the innate immunity and plays an intermediary role in the innate immune cell-mediated local inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beom K Choi
- Biomedicine Production Branch, National Cancer Center Institute, Goyang 10408, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun H Hwang
- Eutilex, Co., Ltd., Suite# 1401, Daeryung Technotown 17 Gasan digital 1-ro 25, Geumcheon-gu, Seoul 08594, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu I Kim
- Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center Institute, Goyang 10408, Republic of Korea
| | - Rohit Singh
- Immunotherapeutics Branch, Division of Convergence Technology, National Cancer Center Institute, Goyang 10408, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoung S Kwon
- Eutilex, Co., Ltd., Suite# 1401, Daeryung Technotown 17 Gasan digital 1-ro 25, Geumcheon-gu, Seoul 08594, Republic of Korea; Department of Medicine, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA.
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Wohlford EM, Baresel PC, Wilmore JR, Mortelliti AJ, Coleman CB, Rochford R. Changes in Tonsil B Cell Phenotypes and EBV Receptor Expression in Children Under 5-Years-Old. CYTOMETRY PART B-CLINICAL CYTOMETRY 2017; 94:291-301. [PMID: 28885784 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.b.21589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Revised: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Palatine tonsils are principally B cell organs that are the initial line of defense against many oral pathogens, as well as the site of infection for others. While the size of palatine tonsils changes greatly in the first five years of life, the cellular changes during this period are not well studied. Epstein Barr virus (EBV) is a common orally transmitted virus that infects tonsillar B cells. Naïve B cells are thought to be the target of primary infection with EBV in vivo, suggesting that they are targeted by the virus. EBV enters B cells through CD21, but studies of older children and adults have not shown differences in surface CD21 between naïve B cells and other tonsil B cell populations. METHODS In this study, we used an 11-color flow cytometry panel to detail the changes in B cell subpopulations in human tonsils over the first five years of life from 33 healthy US children. RESULTS We provide reference ranges for tonsil B cell subpopulations over this age range. We show that the frequency of naïve tonsil B cells decreases over the early years of life, and that naïve B cells expressed higher surface levels of CD21 relative to other tonsil B cell populations. CONCLUSIONS We show that young children have a higher frequency of naïve tonsil B cells, and importantly that these cells express increased surface EBV receptor, suggesting that young children have a larger pool of cells that can be infected by the virus. © 2017 International Clinical Cytometry Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric M Wohlford
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York
| | - Paul C Baresel
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York
| | - Joel R Wilmore
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York
| | - Anthony J Mortelliti
- Department of Otolaryngology and Communication Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York
| | - Carrie B Coleman
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado, Denver, Colorado, Aurora
| | - Rosemary Rochford
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York.,Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado, Denver, Colorado, Aurora
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Cho KA, Park M, Kim YH, Ryu KH, Woo SY. Mesenchymal stem cells inhibit RANK-RANKL interactions between osteoclasts and Th17 cells via osteoprotegerin activity. Oncotarget 2017; 8:83419-83431. [PMID: 29137353 PMCID: PMC5663525 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Th17 cells play a critical role in several autoimmune diseases, including psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis (PsA). Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease associated with systemic inflammation and comorbidities, such as PsA. PsA develops in nearly 70% of patients with psoriasis, and osteoclasts associated bone erosion is a hallmark of the disease. Thus far, the effect of Th17 cells on osteoclastogenesis via direct cell-to-cell interactions is less understood. In this study, we observed that Th17 cells directly promote osteoclast differentiation and maturation via expression of receptor activator of nuclear factor-κ β ligand (RANKL) in vitro. We investigated the impact of conditioned medium obtained from human palatine tonsil-derived mesenchymal stem cells (T-CM) on the interactions between osteoclasts and Th17 cells. T-CM effectively blunted the RANK-RANKL interaction between the osteoclast precursor cell line RAW 264.7 and Th17 cells via osteoprotegerin (OPG) activity. The frequency of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)-positive cells in the bone marrow of an imiquimod (IMQ)-induced psoriasis mouse model was decreased following T-CM injection. Therefore, our data provide novel insight into the therapeutic potential of tonsil-derived mesenchymal stem cell-mediated therapy (via OPG production) for the treatment of pathophysiologic processes induced by osteoclasts under chronic inflammatory conditions such as psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Ah Cho
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Minhwa Park
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Hee Kim
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Ha Ryu
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Youn Woo
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Kuper CF, Wijnands MVW, Zander SAL. Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissues. IMMUNOPATHOLOGY IN TOXICOLOGY AND DRUG DEVELOPMENT 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-47385-7_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Yadava K, Bollyky P, Lawson MA. The formation and function of tertiary lymphoid follicles in chronic pulmonary inflammation. Immunology 2016; 149:262-269. [PMID: 27441396 PMCID: PMC5046054 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2016] [Revised: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tertiary lymphoid follicles (TLFs) can develop in the respiratory tract in response to infections or chronic inflammation. However, their functional relevance remains unclear because they are implicated in both protective and pathological responses. In contrast to homeostatic conditions, external antigens and damage to the lung tissue may drive TLF formation in inflamed lungs, and once established, the presence of pulmonary TLFs may signal the progression of chronic lung disease. This novel concept will be discussed in light of recent work in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and how changes in the pulmonary microbiota may drive and direct TLF formation and function. We will also discuss the cellularity of TLFs at the pulmonary mucosa, with emphasis on the potential roles of lymphoid tissue inducer cells, and B- and T-cell aggregates, and will examine the function of key chemokines and cytokines including CXCL13 and interleukin-17, in the formation and maintenance of pulmonary TLFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koshika Yadava
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Paul Bollyky
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
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Quispel WT, Steenwijk EC, van Unen V, Santos SJ, Koens L, Mebius R, Egeler RM, van Halteren AGS. Tertiary lymphoid structures are confined to patients presenting with unifocal Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis. Oncoimmunology 2016; 5:e1164364. [PMID: 27622056 PMCID: PMC5007962 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2016.1164364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Revised: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a neoplastic myeloid disorder with a thus far poorly understood immune component. Tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) are lymph node-like entities which create an immune-promoting microenvironment at tumor sites. We analyzed the presence and clinical relevance of TLS in n = 104 H&E-stained, therapy-naive LCH lesions of non-lymphoid origin and applied immunohistochemistry to a smaller series. Lymphoid-follicular aggregates were detected in 34/104 (33%) lesions. In line with the lymphocyte recruitment capacity of MECA-79(+) high endothelial venules (HEVs), MECA-79(+)-expressing-LCH lesions (37/77, 48%) contained the most CD3(+) T-lymphocytes (p = 0.003). TLS were identified in 8/15 lesions and contained T-and B-lymphocytes, Follicular Dendritic Cells (FDC), HEVs and the chemokines CXCL13 and CCL21 representing key cellular components and TLS-inducing factors in conventional lymph nodes (LN). Lymphoid-follicular aggregates were most frequently detected in patients presenting with unifocal LCH (24/70, 34%) as compared to patients with poly-ostotic or multi-system LCH (7/30, 23%, p = 0.03). In addition, patients with lymphoid-follicular aggregates-containing lesions had the lowest risk to develop new LCH lesions (p = 0.04). The identification of various stages of TLS formation within LCH lesions may indicate a key role for the immune system in controlling aberrant histiocytes which arise in peripheral tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willemijn T Quispel
- Immunology Laboratory, Willem Alexander Children's Hospital, Leiden University Medical Center , Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Eline C Steenwijk
- Immunology Laboratory, Willem Alexander Children's Hospital, Leiden University Medical Center , Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Vincent van Unen
- Immunology Laboratory, Willem Alexander Children's Hospital, Leiden University Medical Center , Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Susy J Santos
- Immunology Laboratory, Willem Alexander Children's Hospital, Leiden University Medical Center , Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Lianne Koens
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center , Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Reina Mebius
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU University Medical Center , Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - R Maarten Egeler
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Toronto/Hospital for Sick Children , Toronto, Canada
| | - Astrid G S van Halteren
- Immunology Laboratory, Willem Alexander Children's Hospital, Leiden University Medical Center , Leiden, the Netherlands
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Mock JR, Kolb TM, Illei PB, Yang SC, Lederman HM, Merlo CA. Bronchus-associated Lymphoid Tissue in Kabuki Syndrome with Associated Hyper-IgM Syndrome/Common Variable Immunodeficiency. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2016; 194:514-5. [PMID: 27275756 PMCID: PMC5803647 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201511-2305im] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jason R Mock
- 1 Marsico Lung Institute, Division of Pulmonary Diseases and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; and
| | - Todd M Kolb
- 2 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine
| | | | | | - Howard M Lederman
- 5 Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
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33
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Bonnan M. [Meningeal tertiary lymphoid organs: Major actors in intrathecal autoimmunity]. Rev Neurol (Paris) 2014; 171:65-74. [PMID: 25555848 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurol.2014.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2014] [Revised: 07/24/2014] [Accepted: 08/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is characterized by an intrathecal synthesis of immunoglobulins synthesized by B-cell clones and by a brain infiltrate of clonal T-cells. The clonal maturation of these lymphocytes takes place in tertiary lymphoid organs (TLO) developed in the intrathecal compartment. TLO are acquired lymphoid organs able to develop in the vicinity of the inflammatory sites, where they mount a complete antigen-driven immune response. We here review TLO pathophysiology in animal models of MS and human MS. Several pieces of evidence suggest that intrathecal TLO may play a major role in the clinical impairment. Potential therapeutic applications are examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bonnan
- Service de neurologie, hôpital F.-Mitterrand, 4, boulevard Hauterive, 64000 Pau, France.
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Huang Y, Caputo CR, Noordmans GA, Yazdani S, Monteiro LH, van den Born J, van Goor H, Heeringa P, Korstanje R, Hillebrands JL. Identification of novel genes associated with renal tertiary lymphoid organ formation in aging mice. PLoS One 2014; 9:e91850. [PMID: 24637805 PMCID: PMC3956762 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0091850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2013] [Accepted: 02/17/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A hallmark of aging-related organ deterioration is a dysregulated immune response characterized by pathologic leukocyte infiltration of affected tissues. Mechanisms and genes involved are as yet unknown. To identify genes associated with aging-related renal infiltration, we analyzed kidneys from aged mice (≥20 strains) for infiltrating leukocytes followed by Haplotype Association Mapping (HAM) analysis. Immunohistochemistry revealed CD45+ cell clusters (predominantly T and B cells) in perivascular areas coinciding with PNAd+ high endothelial venules and podoplanin+ lymph vessels indicative of tertiary lymphoid organs. Cumulative cluster size increased with age (analyzed at 6, 12 and 20 months). Based on the presence or absence of clusters in male and female mice at 20 months, HAM analysis revealed significant associations with loci on Chr1, Chr2, Chr8 and Chr14 in male mice, and with loci on Chr4, Chr7, Chr13 and Chr14 in female mice. Wisp2 (Chr2) showed the strongest association (P = 5.00×10−137) in male mice; Ctnnbip1 (P = 6.42×10−267) and Tnfrsf8 (P = 5.42×10−245) (both on Chr4) showed the strongest association in female mice. Both Wisp2 and Ctnnbip1 are part of the Wnt-signaling pathway and the encoded proteins were expressed within the tertiary lymphoid organs. In conclusion, this study revealed differential lymphocytic infiltration and tertiary lymphoid organ formation in aged mouse kidneys across different inbred mouse strains. HAM analysis identified candidate genes involved in the Wnt-signaling pathway that may be causally linked to tertiary lymphoid organ formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Huang
- Department of Pathology & Medical Biology - Pathology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Gerda A. Noordmans
- Department of Pathology & Medical Biology - Pathology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Saleh Yazdani
- Department of Internal Medicine - Nephrology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Luiz Henrique Monteiro
- Department of Pathology & Medical Biology - Pathology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jaap van den Born
- Department of Internal Medicine - Nephrology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Harry van Goor
- Department of Pathology & Medical Biology - Pathology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Heeringa
- Department of Pathology & Medical Biology - Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ron Korstanje
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine, United States of America
| | - Jan-Luuk Hillebrands
- Department of Pathology & Medical Biology - Pathology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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Postmortem bone marrow analysis in forensic science: Study of 73 cases and review of the literature. Forensic Sci Int 2014; 234:72-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2013.10.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2012] [Revised: 06/01/2013] [Accepted: 10/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Jordan M, Haczku A. Autoreactive bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue in interstitial lung disease: friend or foe? Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2013; 48:397-8. [PMID: 23544886 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2013-0011ed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Buettner M, Bode U. Lymph node dissection--understanding the immunological function of lymph nodes. Clin Exp Immunol 2012; 169:205-12. [PMID: 22861359 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2012.04602.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Lymph nodes (LN) are one of the important sites in the body where immune responses to pathogenic antigens are initiated. This immunological function induced by cells within the LN is an extensive area of research. To clarify the general function of LN, to identify cell populations within the lymphatic system and to describe the regeneration of the lymph vessels, the experimental surgical technique of LN dissection has been established in various animal models. In this review different research areas in which LN dissection is used as an experimental tool will be highlighted. These include regeneration studies, immunological analysis and studies with clinical questions. LN were dissected in order to analyse the different cell subsets of the incoming lymph in detail. Furthermore, LN were identified as the place where the induction of an antigen-specific response occurs and, more significantly, where this immune response is regulated. During bacterial infection LN, as a filter of the lymph system, play a life-saving role. In addition, LN are essential for the induction of tolerance against harmless antigens, because tolerance could not be induced in LN-resected animals. Thus, the technique of LN dissection is an excellent and simple method to identify the important role of LN in immune responses, tolerance and infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Buettner
- Institute of Functional and Applied Anatomy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
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Aparicio-Domingo P, Cupedo T. Rorγt+ innate lymphoid cells in intestinal homeostasis and immunity. J Innate Immun 2011; 3:577-84. [PMID: 21893962 DOI: 10.1159/000330668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2011] [Accepted: 06/27/2011] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILC) combine innate and adaptive immune functions and are part of the first line of defense against mucosal infections. ILC are set apart from adaptive lymphocytes by their independence on RAG genes and the resulting absence of specific antigen receptors. In this review, we will discuss the biology and function of intestinal ILC that express the nuclear hormone receptor Rorγt (encoded by the Rorc gene) and highlight their role in intestinal homeostasis and immunity.
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The tonsils revisited: review of the anatomical localization and histological characteristics of the tonsils of domestic and laboratory animals. Clin Dev Immunol 2011; 2011:472460. [PMID: 21869895 PMCID: PMC3159307 DOI: 10.1155/2011/472460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2010] [Accepted: 06/09/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
This paper gives an overview of the anatomical localization and histological characteristics of the tonsils that are present in ten conventional domestic animal species, including the sheep, goat, ox, pig, horse, dog, cat, rabbit, rat, and pigeon. Anatomical macrographs and histological images of the tonsils are shown. Six tonsils can be present in domestic animals, that is, the lingual, palatine, paraepiglottic, pharyngeal, and tubal tonsils and the tonsil of the soft palate. Only in the sheep and goat, all six tonsils are present. Proper tonsils are absent in the rat, and pigeon. In the rabbit, only the palatine tonsils can be noticed, whereas the pig does not present palatine tonsils. The paraepiglottic tonsils lack in the ox, horse, and dog. In addition, the dog and cat are devoid of the tubal tonsil and the tonsil of the soft palate.
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Lymph node transplantation and its immunological significance in animal models. Clin Dev Immunol 2011; 2011:353510. [PMID: 21716726 PMCID: PMC3119421 DOI: 10.1155/2011/353510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2011] [Accepted: 03/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Lymph nodes (LNs) are distributed all over the body and whatever the site consists of the same cell populations. However, there are great differences between LN from different draining areas. For example, in mesenteric LN, homing molecules, for example, CCR9 and α4β7 integrin, were induced and cytokines, for example, IL-4, were produced on higher levels compared to peripheral LN. To study the immunological functions of LN, LN transplantation was performed in some specific areas using different animal models. Many groups investigated not only the regeneration of transplanted LN but also the induction of immune responses or tolerance after transplantation. Existing differences between LNs were still detectable after transplantation. Most important, stromal cells of the LN were identified as responsible for these differences. They survive during regeneration and were shown to reconstruct not only the structure of the new LN but also the microenvironment.
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Breugelmans S, Casteleyn C, Simoens P, Van den Broeck W. Distribution of the lingual lymphoid tissue in domestic ruminants. Anat Histol Embryol 2011; 40:426-32. [PMID: 21592193 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0264.2011.01088.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The distribution and organisation of the intralingual lymphoid tissue was studied in sheep, goat and cattle. For each species, the tongues of two animals were harvested and divided in sample blocks extending over the total surface of the tongue. With 2.5 mm intervals, ten serial histological sections were made for conventional histological staining (haematoxylin-eosin, Van Gieson, Masson's trichrome) and immunohistochemical staining of lymphoid cells (anti-CD3, anti-CD21, anti-CD45). Lymphocytes were scattered in the subepithelial propria-submucosa and in the connective tissue cores of the lingual papillae. The connective tissue cores of fungiform papillae, including those located on the lingual apex, and vallate papillae showed relatively more lymphocytes than the propria-submucosa. Lymphoid cell aggregations were even more abundant beneath the grooves surrounding the vallate papillae in small ruminants. In cattle, a well-organised lingual tonsil was additionally found at the root of the tongue. CD3-positive lymphocytes were observed in all species examined. CD21-positive lymphocytes were numerous in the lymphoid nodules of the bovine lingual tonsil but very scarce in the ovine and caprine tongues. Therefore, the lymphoid cell aggregations in the tongues of small ruminants should not be referred to by the term 'lingual tonsil'.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Breugelmans
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Morphology, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.
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Aung NY, Ohtake H, Iwaba A, Kato T, Ohe R, Tajima K, Nagase T, Yamakawa M. Angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma with dual genotype of TCR and IgH genes. Pathol Res Pract 2011; 207:317-21. [PMID: 21377809 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2011.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2010] [Revised: 12/12/2010] [Accepted: 01/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A 70-year-old man complained of fever and sore throat accompanied by hoarseness of voice. On physical examination, there was no systemic abnormality but a mild lymphadenopathy of cervical lymph nodes. With laryngoscopy, there was a marked outgrowth of the bilateral palatine tonsils proximal to the vocal cord. The histology of the resected tumor was compatible with angioimmunoblastic T cell lymphoma (AITL), revealing the effacement of normal tonsillar architecture and small to medium-sized neoplastic cell proliferation around marked vascular proliferation and atrophic lymphoid follicles. Tumor cells were positive for conventional T-cell antigens as well as for the follicular helper T-cell marker, PD-1, and CXCL13. Large hodgkinoid cells, but no tumor cells, were positive for latent membrane protein-1 and Epstein-Barr virus-encoded small RNA (EBER)-1 (in situ hybridization). Non-neoplastic, double positive cells for EBER-1 and CD20 were also scattered. Southern blot analysis revealed dual TCR-Cβ1 and IGH-JH gene rearrangements. Although the swelling of bilateral inguinal and perigastric lymph nodes developed later, the radical resection of tumor and chemotherapy appeared to be effective for the treatment of AITL with clinical stage IIIa. We here report a rare case of AITL involving palatine tonsil as primary site and give a review of the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naing Ye Aung
- Department of Pathological Diagnostics, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, 2-2-2 Iida-Nishi, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan
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Differences between the ovine tonsils based on an immunohistochemical quantification of the lymphocyte subpopulations. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2011; 34:217-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2010.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2010] [Accepted: 11/10/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Abstract
Bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT) is a constitutive mucosal lymphoid tissue adjacent to major airways in some mammalian species, including rats and rabbits, but not humans or mice. A related tissue, inducible BALT (iBALT), is an ectopic lymphoid tissue that is formed upon inflammation or infection in both mice and humans and can be found throughout the lung. Both BALT and iBALT acquire antigens from the airways and initiate local immune responses and maintain memory cells in the lungs. Here, we discuss the development and function of BALT and iBALT in the context of pulmonary immunity to infectious agents, tumors, and allergens as well as autoimmunity and inflammatory diseases of the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Troy D Randall
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
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Koppang EO, Fischer U, Moore L, Tranulis MA, Dijkstra JM, Köllner B, Aune L, Jirillo E, Hordvik I. Salmonid T cells assemble in the thymus, spleen and in novel interbranchial lymphoid tissue. J Anat 2010; 217:728-39. [PMID: 20880086 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-7580.2010.01305.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In modern bony fishes, or teleost fish, the general lack of leucocyte markers has greatly hampered investigations of the anatomy of the immune system and its reactions involved in inflammatory responses. We have previously reported the cloning and sequencing of the salmon CD3 complex, molecules that are specifically expressed in T cells. Here, we generate and validate sera recognizing a peptide sequence of the CD3ε chain. Flow cytometry analysis revealed high numbers of CD3ε(+) or T cells in the thymus, gill and intestine, whereas lower numbers were detected in the head kidney, spleen and peripheral blood leucocytes. Subsequent morphological analysis showed accumulations of T cells in the thymus and spleen and in the newly discovered gill-located interbranchial lymphoid tissue. In the latter, the T cells are embedded in a meshwork of epithelial cells and in the spleen, they cluster in the white pulp surrounding ellipsoids. The anatomical organization of the salmonid thymic cortex and medulla seems to be composed of three layers consisting of a sub-epithelial medulla-like zone, an intermediate cortex-like zone and finally another cortex-like basal zone. Our study in the salmonid thymus reports a previously non-described tissue organization. In the intestinal tract, abundant T cells were found embedded in the epithelium. In non-lymphoid organs, the presence of T cells was limited. The results show that the interbranchial lymphoid tissue is quantitatively a very important site of T cell aggregation, strategically located to facilitate antigen encounter. The interbranchial lymphoid tissue has no resemblance to previously described lymphoid tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erling O Koppang
- Section of Anatomy and Pathology, Institute of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, Norwegian School of Veterinary Science, Oslo, Norway.
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Bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT) and survival in a vaccine mouse model of tularemia. PLoS One 2010; 5:e11156. [PMID: 20585390 PMCID: PMC2886834 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0011156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2010] [Accepted: 05/27/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Francisella tularensis causes severe pulmonary disease, and nasal vaccination could be the ideal measure to effectively prevent it. Nevertheless, the efficacy of this type of vaccine is influenced by the lack of an effective mucosal adjuvant. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Mice were immunized via the nasal route with lipopolysaccharide isolated from F. tularensis and neisserial recombinant PorB as an adjuvant candidate. Then, mice were challenged via the same route with the F. tularensis attenuated live vaccine strain (LVS). Mouse survival and analysis of a number of immune parameters were conducted following intranasal challenge. Vaccination induced a systemic antibody response and 70% of mice were protected from challenge as showed by their improved survival and weight regain. Lungs from mice recovering from infection presented prominent lymphoid aggregates in peribronchial and perivascular areas, consistent with the location of bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT). BALT areas contained proliferating B and T cells, germinal centers, T cell infiltrates, dendritic cells (DCs). We also observed local production of antibody generating cells and homeostatic chemokines in BALT areas. CONCLUSIONS These data indicate that PorB might be an optimal adjuvant candidate for improving the protective effect of F. tularensis antigens. The presence of BALT induced after intranasal challenge in vaccinated mice might play a role in regulation of local immunity and long-term protection, but more work is needed to elucidate mechanisms that lead to its formation.
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Casteleyn C, Doom M, Lambrechts E, Van den Broeck W, Simoens P, Cornillie P. Locations of gut-associated lymphoid tissue in the 3-month-old chicken: a review. Avian Pathol 2010; 39:143-50. [DOI: 10.1080/03079451003786105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Penaranda C, Tang Q, Ruddle NH, Bluestone JA. Prevention of diabetes by FTY720-mediated stabilization of peri-islet tertiary lymphoid organs. Diabetes 2010; 59:1461-8. [PMID: 20299465 PMCID: PMC2874707 DOI: 10.2337/db09-1129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The nonobese diabetic (NOD) mouse is a well-established mouse model of spontaneous type 1 diabetes, which is characterized by an autoimmune destruction of the insulin-secreting pancreatic beta-cells. In this study, we address the role of tertiary lymphoid organs (TLOs) that form in the pancreas of NOD mice during disease progression. METHODS We developed a model designed to "lock" lymphocytes in the pancreatic lymph node (PLN) and pancreas by the use of FTY720, which blocks the exit of lymphocytes from lymph nodes. A combination of flow cytometry, immunofluorescence, and analysis of clinical scores was used to study the effects of long-term FTY720 treatment on TLO development and development of diabetes. RESULTS Continuous treatment of NOD mice with FTY720 prevented diabetes development even at a time of significant insulitis. Treatment withdrawal led to accelerated disease independent of the PLN. Interestingly, naive T-cells trafficked to and proliferated in the TLOs. In addition, morphological changes were observed that occurred during the development of the disease. Remarkably, although the infiltrates are not organized into T/B-cell compartments in 8-week-old mice, by 20 weeks of age, and in age-matched mice undergoing FTY720 treatment, the infiltrates showed a high degree of organization. However, in naturally and FTY720-induced diabetic mice, T/B-cell compartmentalization was lost. CONCLUSION Our data show that TLOs are established during diabetes development and suggest that islet destruction is due to a loss of TLO integrity, which may be prevented by FTY720 treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Penaranda
- Diabetes Center and Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Qizhi Tang
- Diabetes Center and Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California; and
| | - Nancy H. Ruddle
- Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health and Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Jeffrey A. Bluestone
- Diabetes Center and Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
- Corresponding author: Jeffrey A Bluestone,
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