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Bernardi S, Memè L, Belfioretti C, Bambini F, Gerardi D, Macchiarelli G, Bianchi S, Mummolo S. Psoriatic Arthritis Involving TMJ: A Review on Pathogenesis and Consideration on Eventual Gender Differences. Dent J (Basel) 2024; 12:31. [PMID: 38392235 PMCID: PMC10887631 DOI: 10.3390/dj12020031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Psoriatic arthritis is defined as chronic inflammatory arthritis associated with psoriasis. The current data regarding gender differences in clinical manifestation and therapeutic outcomes of psoriatic arthritis are limited. Generally, men show a peripheral disease manifestation, while women have an axial distribution of the lesions. If we look at temporomandibular joint (TMJ) involvement, epidemiological data on the involvement of the TMJ are hard to find. Few studies on therapeutic management and the related impact on the quality of life are reported in the literature. Given the morpho-functional peculiarities of the TMJ and the different pain burdens between male and female genders, when manifestation of psoriatic arthritis occurs, clinicians should face it using a multidisciplinary approach for a correct diagnosis and successful treatment. This review aims to examine the diagnostic signs of psoriatic arthritis in the TMJ, the eventual variations of this disease in male and female patients, and the therapeutical strategies. The coordination of different specialties is fundamental to the remission of clinical symptoms and lesion regression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Bernardi
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Lucia Memè
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Stomatology, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy
| | - Chiara Belfioretti
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Stomatology, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Bambini
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Stomatology, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy
| | - Davide Gerardi
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine & Dentistry, Dental School, 'G. D'Annunzio' University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Guido Macchiarelli
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Serena Bianchi
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Stefano Mummolo
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
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Effects of Prolonged Exposure to Hypobaric Hypoxia on Oxidative Stress: Overwintering in Antarctic Concordia Station. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:4430032. [PMID: 35535360 PMCID: PMC9078816 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4430032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Concordia Station is the permanent, research station on the Antarctic Plateau at 3230 m. During the eleventh winter-over campaign (DC11-2015; February 2015 to November 2015) at Antarctic Concordia Station, 13 healthy team members were studied and blood samples were collected at six different time points: baseline measurements (T0), performed at sea level before the departure, and during the campaign at 3, 7, 20, 90, and 300 days after arrival at Concordia Station. Reducing the partial pressure of O2 as barometric pressure falls, hypobaric hypoxia (HH) triggers several physiological adaptations. Among the others, increased oxidative stress and enhanced generation of reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (ROS/RNS), resulting in severe oxidative damage, were observed, which can share potential physiopathological mechanisms associated with many diseases. This study characterized the extent and time-course changes after acute and chronic HH exposure, elucidating possible fundamental mechanisms of adaptation. ROS, oxidative stress biomarkers, nitric oxide, and proinflammatory cytokines significantly increased (range 24-135%) during acute and chronic hypoxia exposure (peak 20th day) with a decrease in antioxidant capacity (peak 90th day: -52%). Results suggest that the adaptive response of oxidative stress balance to HH requires a relatively long time, more than 300th days, as all the observed variables do not return to the preexposition level. These findings may also be relevant to patients in whom oxygen availability is limited through disease (i.e., chronic heart and lung and/or kidney disease) and/or during long-duration space missions.
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Uzeloto JS, de Toledo-Arruda AC, Silva BSDA, Golim MDA, Braz AMM, de Lima FF, Grigoletto I, Ramos EMC. Systemic Cytokine Profiles of CD4+ T Lymphocytes Correlate with Clinical Features and Functional Status in Stable COPD. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2020; 15:2931-2940. [PMID: 33223825 PMCID: PMC7671532 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s268955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims To evaluate the expressions of intracellular cytokines in CD4+ T lymphocytes and to investigate the correlation between biomarker expressions and clinical and functional characteristics of stable COPD patients. Patients and Methods Peripheral blood was collected from 36 COPD patients, and the expression of cytokines (IL-8, IL-13, IL-17, IL-6, IL-2, IL-10, and TNF-α) in T lymphocytes CD4 + was investigated. In addition, lung function, dyspnea symptoms, quality of life, vital signs, body composition, level of physical activity, peripheral muscle strength, and functional capacity were assessed. Results Individuals with greater bronchial obstruction present a higher proportion of CD4 + IL-2 + lymphocytes compared to individuals with less severe bronchial obstruction. We found a positive correlation between the expression of the cytokines IL-13, IL-17, IL-6, IL-2, IL-10, and TNF-α in CD4+ T lymphocytes. In addition, we found a positive correlation between CD4+ IL-10+ T lymphocytes and lower limb muscle strength and a negative correlation between CD4+ IL-8+ T lymphocytes and peripheral oxygen saturation and steps per day. Conclusion Systemic CD4+IL-2+, IL-8+, and IL-10+ T lymphocytes presented a correlation with clinical characteristics and functional status in stable COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Souza Uzeloto
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Physiotherapy, Postgraduate Program in Physiotherapy, Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Bruna Spolador de Alencar Silva
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Physiotherapy, Postgraduate Program in Physiotherapy, Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marjorie de Assis Golim
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu Medical School, Postgraduate Program in Research & Development: Medical Biotechnology, Blood Center, Flow Cytometry Laboratory, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Aline Márcia Marques Braz
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu Medical School, Postgraduate Program in Research & Development: Medical Biotechnology, Blood Center, Flow Cytometry Laboratory, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fabiano Francisco de Lima
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Physiotherapy, Postgraduate Program in Physiotherapy, Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Isis Grigoletto
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Physiotherapy, Postgraduate Program in Physiotherapy, Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ercy Mara Cipulo Ramos
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Physiotherapy, Postgraduate Program in Physiotherapy, Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil
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Renner K, Bruss C, Schnell A, Koehl G, Becker HM, Fante M, Menevse AN, Kauer N, Blazquez R, Hacker L, Decking SM, Bohn T, Faerber S, Evert K, Aigle L, Amslinger S, Landa M, Krijgsman O, Rozeman EA, Brummer C, Siska PJ, Singer K, Pektor S, Miederer M, Peter K, Gottfried E, Herr W, Marchiq I, Pouyssegur J, Roush WR, Ong S, Warren S, Pukrop T, Beckhove P, Lang SA, Bopp T, Blank CU, Cleveland JL, Oefner PJ, Dettmer K, Selby M, Kreutz M. Restricting Glycolysis Preserves T Cell Effector Functions and Augments Checkpoint Therapy. Cell Rep 2020; 29:135-150.e9. [PMID: 31577944 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.08.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2018] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor-derived lactic acid inhibits T and natural killer (NK) cell function and, thereby, tumor immunosurveillance. Here, we report that melanoma patients with high expression of glycolysis-related genes show a worse progression free survival upon anti-PD1 treatment. The non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) diclofenac lowers lactate secretion of tumor cells and improves anti-PD1-induced T cell killing in vitro. Surprisingly, diclofenac, but not other NSAIDs, turns out to be a potent inhibitor of the lactate transporters monocarboxylate transporter 1 and 4 and diminishes lactate efflux. Notably, T cell activation, viability, and effector functions are preserved under diclofenac treatment and in a low glucose environment in vitro. Diclofenac, but not aspirin, delays tumor growth and improves the efficacy of checkpoint therapy in vivo. Moreover, genetic suppression of glycolysis in tumor cells strongly improves checkpoint therapy. These findings support the rationale for targeting glycolysis in patients with high glycolytic tumors together with checkpoint inhibitors in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Renner
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany; Regensburg Center for Interventional Immunology, Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Christina Bruss
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Annette Schnell
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Gudrun Koehl
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Holger M Becker
- Division of General Zoology, University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Matthias Fante
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Ayse-Nur Menevse
- Regensburg Center for Interventional Immunology, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Nathalie Kauer
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Raquel Blazquez
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Lisa Hacker
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Sonja-Maria Decking
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Toszka Bohn
- Institute for Immunology, University Medical Center Johannes Gutenberg University (UMC) Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Stephanie Faerber
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Katja Evert
- Institute of Pathology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Lisa Aigle
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Sabine Amslinger
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Maria Landa
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Oscar Krijgsman
- Department Medical Oncology and Division of Molecular Oncology and Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Elisa A Rozeman
- Department Medical Oncology and Division of Molecular Oncology and Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Christina Brummer
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Peter J Siska
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Katrin Singer
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Stefanie Pektor
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Matthias Miederer
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Katrin Peter
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Eva Gottfried
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Herr
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Ibtisam Marchiq
- Institute of Research on Cancer and Aging (IRCAN), CNRS-INSERM-UNS UMR 7284, Nice, France
| | - Jacques Pouyssegur
- Institute of Research on Cancer and Aging (IRCAN), CNRS-INSERM-UNS UMR 7284, Nice, France; Department of Medical Biology, Scientific Centre of Monaco (CSM), Monaco
| | - William R Roush
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, Scripps-Florida, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | - SuFey Ong
- NanoString Technologies, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Tobias Pukrop
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Philipp Beckhove
- Regensburg Center for Interventional Immunology, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Sven A Lang
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Bopp
- Institute for Immunology, University Medical Center Johannes Gutenberg University (UMC) Mainz, Mainz, Germany; Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI), UMC Mainz, Mainz, Germany; University Cancer Center Mainz, UMC Mainz, Mainz, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christian U Blank
- Department Medical Oncology and Division of Molecular Oncology and Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - John L Cleveland
- Department of Tumor Biology, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Peter J Oefner
- Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Katja Dettmer
- Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Mark Selby
- Bristol-Myers Squibb, Redwood City, CA, USA
| | - Marina Kreutz
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany; Regensburg Center for Interventional Immunology, Regensburg, Germany
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Siska PJ, Singer K, Evert K, Renner K, Kreutz M. The immunological Warburg effect: Can a metabolic-tumor-stroma score (MeTS) guide cancer immunotherapy? Immunol Rev 2020; 295:187-202. [PMID: 32157706 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The "glycolytic switch" also known as the "Warburg effect" is a key feature of tumor cells and leads to the accumulation of lactate and protons in the tumor environment. Intriguingly, non-malignant lymphocytes or stromal cells such as tumor-associated macrophages and cancer-associated fibroblasts contribute to the lactate accumulation in the tumor environment, a phenomenon described as the "Reverse Warburg effect." Localized lactic acidosis has a strong immunosuppressive effect and mediates an immune escape of tumors. However, some tumors do not display the Warburg phenotype and either rely on respiration or appear as a mosaic of cells with different metabolic properties. Based on these findings and on the knowledge that T cell infiltration is predictive for patient outcome, we suggest a metabolic-tumor-stroma score to determine the likelihood of a successful anti-tumor immune response: (a) a respiring tumor with high T cell infiltration ("hot"); (b) a reverse Warburg type with respiring tumor cells but glycolytic stromal cells; (c) a mixed type with glycolytic and respiring compartments; and (d) a glycolytic (Warburg) tumor with low T cell infiltration ("cold"). Here, we provide evidence that these types can be independent of the organ of origin, prognostically relevant and might help select the appropriate immunotherapy approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Siska
- Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Katrin Singer
- Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Katja Evert
- Institute of Pathology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Kathrin Renner
- Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.,Regensburg Center for Interventional Immunology (RCI), Regensburg, Germany
| | - Marina Kreutz
- Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.,Regensburg Center for Interventional Immunology (RCI), Regensburg, Germany
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The Effects of Hypoxia on the Immune-Modulatory Properties of Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells. Stem Cells Int 2019; 2019:2509606. [PMID: 31687031 PMCID: PMC6800910 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2509606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 08/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The therapeutic repertoire for life-threatening inflammatory conditions like sepsis, graft-versus-host reactions, or colitis is very limited in current clinical practice and, together with chronic ones, like the osteoarthritis, presents growing economic burden in developed countries. This urges the development of more efficient therapeutic modalities like the mesenchymal stem cell-based approaches. Despite the encouraging in vivo data, however, clinical trials delivered ambiguous results. Since one of the typical features of inflamed tissues is decreased oxygenation, the success of cellular therapy in inflammatory pathologies seems to be affected by the impact of oxygen depletion on transplanted cells. Here, we examine our current knowledge on the effect of hypoxia on the physiology of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells, one of the most popular tools of practical cellular therapy, in the context of their immune-modulatory capacity.
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Zhang W, Huang H, Cai H, Tan WS. Enhanced metabolic activities for ATP production and elevated metabolic flux via pentose phosphate pathway contribute for better CIK cells expansion. Cell Prolif 2019; 52:e12594. [PMID: 30847992 PMCID: PMC6536417 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 01/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Ex vivo expansion is an effective way to produce cytokine‐induced killer (CIK) cells needed for clinical trials. Here, ex vivo expansion and metabolism characters of CIK cells in static and dynamic cultures and the relationship between cell expansion and metabolism were investigated. Materials and methods Oxygen transfer efficiency was assessed by computational fluid dynamics technique. Cell phenotype, apoptosis and of transporter expression were determined by flow cytometry and Western blotting. Metabolites and enzyme activities were assessed by biochemical methods. Results Dynamic cultures favoured better CIK cell expansion without impairing their phenotype and cytotoxicity, enhanced oxygen transfer efficiency. The glucose metabolism flux of cells in dynamic cultures was enhanced by upregulating surface glucose transporter 1 expression and phosphofructokinase activity. Moreover, pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) metabolic flux was enhanced through upregulating glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase activity. Glutaminolysis was also accelerated via boosting glutamine transporters expression, glutaminase (GLS) and glutamate dehydrogenase activities. Together with higher oxygen consumption rate and extracellular acidification rate, it was suggested that cells in dynamic cultures were in a more vigorous metabolic state for ATP production. Conclusion Dynamic cultures accelerated glucose and glutamine metabolic flux to promote ATP production, elevated glucose metabolic flux through PPP to promote biosynthesis for better cell expansion. These findings may provide the basis for ex vivo CIK cell expansion process optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Huimin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Haibo Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen-Song Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
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Veale DJ, Fearon U. The pathogenesis of psoriatic arthritis. Lancet 2018; 391:2273-2284. [PMID: 29893226 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(18)30830-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 306] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Psoriatic arthritis is a chronic, immune-mediated, inflammatory arthropathy that presents with inflammation of the joints and entheses, including those of the axial skeleton, and is associated with increased mortality from cardiovascular disease. Diagnosis is primarily based on clinical phenotype because of the diversity of the associated features, which can include skin and nail disease, dactylitis, uveitis, and osteitis. Improved understanding of the pathogenesis of psoriatic arthritis has led to the development of effective biologics and small-molecular drugs targeting specific cytokines and signalling pathways, which can prevent disease progression and improve quality of life. However, at least 40% of patients with psoriatic arthritis have only a partial response or fail to respond to such treatments. Cytokine inhibitors, mainly those specific for tumour necrosis factor and, more recently, the interleukin 23-T-helper-17 cell pathway, have been highly successful in the treatment of disease manifestations in several different tissues, although targeting the interleukin 23-T-helper-17 cell pathway might be more effective in psoriasis than in arthritis. However, the precise mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of psoriatic arthritis-which include genetics, environmental factors, and immune-mediated inflammation-are complex, and the relationship between disease of the joint and that of other domains is poorly understood. Improving our understanding of psoriatic arthritis pathogenesis could help to establish validated biomarkers for diagnosis, predict therapeutic response and remission, develop precision medicines, and predict which patients will respond to which therapy. We discuss advances in pathogenetic translational research that could inform these issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas J Veale
- Rheumatology EULAR Centre of Excellence, St Vincent's University Hospital and University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Ursula Fearon
- Rheumatology EULAR Centre of Excellence, St Vincent's University Hospital and University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Department of Molecular Rheumatology, Trinity Biomedical Science Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Abstract
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is an autoimmune disease of unknown aetiology characterized by vascular lesions, immunological alterations and diffuse fibrosis of the skin and internal organs. Since recent evidence suggests that there is a link between metabolomics and immune mediated disease, serum metabolic profile of SSc patients and healthy controls was investigated by 1H-NMR and GC-MS techniques. The results indicated a lower level of aspartate, alanine, choline, glutamate, and glutarate in SSc patients compared with healthy controls. Moreover, comparing patients affected by limited SSc (lcSSc) and diffuse SSc (dcSSc), 6 discriminant metabolites were identified. The multivariate analysis performed using all the metabolites significantly different revealed glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, energetic pathways, glutamate metabolism, degradation of ketone bodies and pyruvate metabolism as the most important networks. Aspartate, alanine and citrate yielded a high area under receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curves (AUC of 0.81; CI 0.726–0.93) for discriminating SSc patients from controls, whereas ROC curve generated with acetate, fructose, glutamate, glutamine, glycerol and glutarate (AUC of 0.84; CI 0.7–0.98) discriminated between lcSSc and dcSSc. These results indicated that serum NMR-based metabolomics profiling method is sensitive and specific enough to distinguish SSc from healthy controls and provided a feasible diagnostic tool for the diagnosis and classification of the disease.
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Upregulation of Glucose Uptake and Hexokinase Activity of Primary Human CD4+ T Cells in Response to Infection with HIV-1. Viruses 2018. [PMID: 29518929 PMCID: PMC5869507 DOI: 10.3390/v10030114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Infection of primary CD4+ T cells with HIV-1 coincides with an increase in glycolysis. We investigated the expression of glucose transporters (GLUT) and glycolytic enzymes in human CD4+ T cells in response to infection with HIV-1. We demonstrate the co-expression of GLUT1, GLUT3, GLUT4, and GLUT6 in human CD4+ T cells after activation, and their concerted overexpression in HIV-1 infected cells. The investigation of glycolytic enzymes demonstrated activation-dependent expression of hexokinases HK1 and HK2 in human CD4+ T cells, and a highly significant increase in cellular hexokinase enzyme activity in response to infection with HIV-1. HIV-1 infected CD4+ T cells showed a marked increase in expression of HK1, as well as the functionally related voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC) protein, but not HK2. The elevation of GLUT, HK1, and VDAC expression in HIV-1 infected cells mirrored replication kinetics and was dependent on virus replication, as evidenced by the use of reverse transcription inhibitors. Finally, we demonstrated that the upregulation of HK1 in HIV-1 infected CD4+ T cells is independent of the viral accessory proteins Vpu, Vif, Nef, and Vpr. Though these data are consistent with HIV-1 dependency on CD4+ T cell glucose metabolism, a cellular response mechanism to infection cannot be ruled out.
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Merz TM, Pereira AJ, Schürch R, Schefold JC, Jakob SM, Takala J, Djafarzadeh S. Mitochondrial function of immune cells in septic shock: A prospective observational cohort study. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0178946. [PMID: 28591158 PMCID: PMC5462395 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Reduced cellular ATP synthesis due to impaired mitochondrial function of immune cells may be a factor influencing the immune response in septic shock. We investigate changes in mitochondrial function and bioenergetics of human monocytes and lymphocyte subsets. Methods Thirty patients with septic shock were studied at ICU admission, after 24 and 48 hours, and after resolution of shock. Enzymatic activities of citrate synthase and mitochondrial complexes I, IV, and ATP synthase and ATP content of monocytes, T-cells and B-cells and pro-inflammatory (IL-1β and IL-6) and anti-inflammatory (IL-10) cytokine plasma concentrations were compared to samples from 20 healthy volunteers. Results Large variations in mitochondrial enzymatic activities of immune cells of septic patients were detected. In monocytes, maximum levels of citrate synthase activity in sepsis were significantly lower when compared to controls (p = 0.021). Maximum relative enzymatic activity (ratio relative to citrate synthase activity) of complex I (p<0.001), complex IV (p = 0.017) and ATP synthase (p<0.001) were significantly higher. In T-cells, maximum levels of citrate synthase (p = 0.583) and relative complex IV (p = 0.602) activity did not differ between patients and controls, whereas levels of relative complex I (p = 0.006) and ATP synthase (p = 0.032) were significantly higher in septic patients. In B-cells of patients, maximum levels of citrate synthase activity (p = 0.004) and relative complex I (p<0.001) were significantly higher, and mean levels of relative complex IV (p = 0.042) lower than the control values, whereas relative ATP synthase activity did not differ (p = 1.0). No significant difference in cellular ATP content was detected in any cell line (p = 0.142–0.519). No significant correlations between specific cytokines and parameters of mitochondrial enzymatic activities or ATP content were observed. Conclusions Significant changes of mitochondrial enzymatic activities occur in human peripheral blood immune cells in septic shock when compared to healthy controls. Assessed sub-types of immune cells showed differing patterns of regulation. Total ATP-content of human immune cells did not differ between patients in septic shock and healthy volunteers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias M. Merz
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
| | - Adriano J. Pereira
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Roger Schürch
- Division of Statistics, Clinical Trials Unit, Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Joerg C. Schefold
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Stephan M. Jakob
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jukka Takala
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Siamak Djafarzadeh
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland
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Adefegha SA, Leal DBR, Doleski PH, Ledur PC, Ecker A. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from rat model of pleurisy: The effects of hesperidin on ectoenzymes activity, apoptosis, cell cycle and reactive oxygen species production. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 91:278-286. [PMID: 28460230 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.04.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2017] [Revised: 04/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study investigates the effect of hesperidin; a flavonone commonly found in citrus fruits, on the ectoenzymes (ectonucleotidase and ecto-adenosine deaminase) activity, cell viability, apoptosis, cell cycle arrest and reactive oxygen species production in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from rat model of pleurisy. Wistar rats were pretreated with either saline or hesperidin (80mg/kg) by oral gavage for 21days and injected intrapleurally with 2% carrageenan or saline on the 22nd day. PBMCs were subsequently prepared after 4h of carrageenan induction. The results revealed that hesperidin may exhibit its anti-inflammatory effects through possible modulation of ectonucleotidase (E-NTPDase) and ecto-adenosine deaminase (E-ADA) activities, reduction of intracellular reactive oxygen species, prevention of DNA damage and modulation of apoptosis as well as activation of cell cycle arrest. This study suggests some possible underlying anti-inflammatory mechanisms of hesperidin on PBMCs in acute inflammatory condition. Furthermore, hesperidin may minimize oxidative injury mediated pleurisy in rat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Adeniyi Adefegha
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Bioquímica Toxicológica, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
| | - Daniela Bitencourt Rosa Leal
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Bioquímica Toxicológica, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Pedro Henrique Doleski
- Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Pauline Christ Ledur
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologie, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Assis Ecker
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Bioquímica Toxicológica, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
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Abstract
One of the fundamental traits of immune cells in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is their ability to proliferate, a property shared with the joint-resident cells that form the synovial pannus. The building of biomass imposes high demands for energy and biosynthetic precursors, implicating metabolic control as a basic disease mechanism. During preclinical RA, when autoreactive T cells expand and immunological tolerance is broken, the main sites of disease are the secondary lymphoid tissues. Naive CD4+ T cells from patients with RA have a distinct metabolic signature, characterized by dampened glycolysis, low ATP levels and enhanced shunting of glucose into the pentose phosphate pathway. Equipped with high levels of NADPH and depleted of intracellular reactive oxygen species, such T cells hyperproliferate and acquire proinflammatory effector functions. During clinical RA, immune cells coexist with stromal cells in the acidic milieu of the inflamed joint. This microenvironment is rich in metabolic intermediates that are released into the extracellular space to shape cell-cell communication and the functional activity of tissue-resident cells. Increasing awareness of how metabolites regulate signalling pathways, guide post-translational modifications and condition the tissue microenvironment will help to connect environmental factors with the pathogenic behaviour of T cells in RA.
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Renner K, Singer K, Koehl GE, Geissler EK, Peter K, Siska PJ, Kreutz M. Metabolic Hallmarks of Tumor and Immune Cells in the Tumor Microenvironment. Front Immunol 2017; 8:248. [PMID: 28337200 PMCID: PMC5340776 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 244] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytotoxic T lymphocytes and NK cells play an important role in eliminating malignant tumor cells and the number and activity of tumor-infiltrating T cells represent a good marker for tumor prognosis. Based on these findings, immunotherapy, e.g., checkpoint blockade, has received considerable attention during the last couple of years. However, for the majority of patients, immune control of their tumors is gray theory as malignant cells use effective mechanisms to outsmart the immune system. Increasing evidence suggests that changes in tumor metabolism not only ensure an effective energy supply and generation of building blocks for tumor growth but also contribute to inhibition of the antitumor response. Immunosuppression in the tumor microenvironment is often based on the mutual metabolic requirements of immune cells and tumor cells. Cytotoxic T and NK cell activation leads to an increased demand for glucose and amino acids, a well-known feature shown by tumor cells. These close metabolic interdependencies result in metabolic competition, limiting the proliferation, and effector functions of tumor-specific immune cells. Moreover, not only nutrient restriction but also tumor-driven shifts in metabolite abundance and accumulation of metabolic waste products (e.g., lactate) lead to local immunosuppression, thereby facilitating tumor progression and metastasis. In this review, we describe the metabolic interplay between immune cells and tumor cells and discuss tumor cell metabolism as a target structure for cancer therapy. Metabolic (re)education of tumor cells is not only an approach to kill tumor cells directly but could overcome metabolic immunosuppression in the tumor microenvironment and thereby facilitate immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Renner
- Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany; Regensburg Center for Interventional Immunology, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Katrin Singer
- Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg , Regensburg , Germany
| | - Gudrun E Koehl
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg , Regensburg , Germany
| | - Edward K Geissler
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg , Regensburg , Germany
| | - Katrin Peter
- Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg , Regensburg , Germany
| | - Peter J Siska
- Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg , Regensburg , Germany
| | - Marina Kreutz
- Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany; Regensburg Center for Interventional Immunology, Regensburg, Germany
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15
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Vuillefroy de Silly R, Dietrich PY, Walker PR. Hypoxia and antitumor CD8 + T cells: An incompatible alliance? Oncoimmunology 2016; 5:e1232236. [PMID: 28123871 PMCID: PMC5214994 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2016.1232236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Revised: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
T Lymphocytes face pathologically low O2 tensions within the tumor bed at which they will have to function in order to impact on the malignancy. Recent studies highlighting the importance of O2 and hypoxia-inducible factors for CD8+ T-cell function and fate must now be integrated into tumor immunology concepts if immunotherapies are to progress. Here, we discuss, reinterpret, and reconcile the many apparent contradictions in these data and we propose that O2 is a master regulator of the CD8+ T-cell response. Certain T cell functions are enhanced, others suppressed, but on balance, hypoxia is globally detrimental to the antitumor response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Vuillefroy de Silly
- Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Ludwig Center for Cancer Research of the University of Lausanne, Biopôle III, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | | | - Paul R Walker
- Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva , Geneva, Switzerland
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16
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Klatt S, Stangl H, Kunath J, Lowin T, Pongratz G, Straub RH. Peripheral elimination of the sympathetic nervous system stimulates immunocyte retention in lymph nodes and ameliorates collagen type II arthritis. Brain Behav Immun 2016; 54:201-210. [PMID: 26872423 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2016.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Revised: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In collagen type II-induced arthritis (CIA), early activation of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) is proinflammatory. Here, we wanted to find new target organs contributing to proinflammatory SNS effects. In addition, we wanted to clarify the importance of SNS-modulated immunocyte migration. METHODS A new technique termed spatial energy expenditure configuration (SEEC) was developed to demonstrate bodily areas of high energy demand (to find new targets). We studied homing of labeled cells in vivo, lymphocyte expression of CCR7, supernatant concentration of CCL21, and serum levels of sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) in sympathectomized control/arthritic animals. RESULTS During the course of arthritis, SEEC identified an early marked increase of energy expenditure in draining lymph nodes and spleen (nowhere else!). Although early sympathectomy ameliorated later disease, early sympathectomy increased energy consumption, organ weight, and cell numbers in arthritic secondary lymphoid organs, possibly a sign of lymphocyte retention (also in controls). Elimination of the SNS retained lymph node cells, elevated expression of CCR7 on lymph node cells, and increased CCL21. Serum levels of S1P, an important factor for lymphocyte egress, were higher in arthritic than control animals. Sympathectomy decreased S1P levels in arthritic animals to control levels. Transfer of retained immune cells from draining lymph nodes of sympathectomized donors to sympathectomized recipients markedly increased arthritis severity over weeks. CONCLUSIONS By using the SEEC technique, we identified draining lymph nodes and spleen as major target organs of the SNS. The data show that the SNS increases egress of lymphocytes from draining lymph nodes to stimulate arthritic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Klatt
- Laboratory of Experimental Rheumatology and Neuroendocrine Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Regensburg, Germany
| | - Hubert Stangl
- Laboratory of Experimental Rheumatology and Neuroendocrine Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Regensburg, Germany
| | - Julia Kunath
- Laboratory of Experimental Rheumatology and Neuroendocrine Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Regensburg, Germany
| | - Torsten Lowin
- Laboratory of Experimental Rheumatology and Neuroendocrine Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Regensburg, Germany
| | - Georg Pongratz
- Laboratory of Experimental Rheumatology and Neuroendocrine Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Regensburg, Germany
| | - Rainer H Straub
- Laboratory of Experimental Rheumatology and Neuroendocrine Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Regensburg, Germany.
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Esen N, Katyshev V, Serkin Z, Katysheva S, Dore-Duffy P. Endogenous adaptation to low oxygen modulates T-cell regulatory pathways in EAE. J Neuroinflammation 2016; 13:13. [PMID: 26785841 PMCID: PMC4717549 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-015-0407-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In the brain, chronic inflammatory activity may lead to compromised delivery of oxygen and glucose suggesting that therapeutic approaches aimed at restoring metabolic balance may be useful. In vivo exposure to chronic mild normobaric hypoxia (10 % oxygen) leads to a number of endogenous adaptations that includes vascular remodeling (angioplasticity). Angioplasticity promotes tissue survival. We have previously shown that induction of adaptive angioplasticity modulates the disease pattern in myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)-induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). In the present study, we define mechanisms by which adaptation to low oxygen functionally ameliorates the signs and symptoms of EAE and for the first time show that tissue hypoxia may fundamentally alter neurodegenerative disease. Methods C57BL/6 mice were immunized with MOG, and some of them were kept in the hypoxia chambers (day 0) and exposed to 10 % oxygen for 3 weeks, while the others were kept at normoxic environment. Sham-immunized controls were included in both hypoxic and normoxic groups. Animals were sacrificed at pre-clinical and peak disease periods for tissue collection and analysis. Results Exposure to mild hypoxia decreased histological evidence of inflammation. Decreased numbers of cluster of differentiation (CD)4+ T cells were found in the hypoxic spinal cords associated with a delayed Th17-specific cytokine response. Hypoxia-induced changes did not alter the sensitization of peripheral T cells to the MOG peptide. Exposure to mild hypoxia induced significant increases in anti-inflammatory IL-10 levels and an increase in the number of spinal cord CD25+FoxP3+ T-regulatory cells. Conclusions Acclimatization to mild hypoxia incites a number of endogenous adaptations that induces an anti-inflammatory milieu. Further understanding of these mechanisms system may pinpoint possible new therapeutic targets to treat neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilufer Esen
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA.
| | - Vladimir Katyshev
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA.
| | - Zakhar Serkin
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA.
| | - Svetlana Katysheva
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA.
| | - Paula Dore-Duffy
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA.
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18
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Phelan JJ, Feighery R, Eldin OS, Meachair SÓ, Cannon A, Byrne R, MacCarthy F, O'Toole D, Reynolds JV, O'Sullivan J. Examining the connectivity between different cellular processes in the Barrett tissue microenvironment. Cancer Lett 2015; 371:334-46. [PMID: 26688097 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2015.11.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Revised: 11/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In Barrett associated tumorigenesis, oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis are reprogrammed early in the disease sequence and act mutually to promote disease progression. However, the link between energy metabolism and its connection with other central cellular processes within the Barrett microenvironment is unknown. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between metabolism (ATP5B/GAPDH), hypoxia (HIF1α), inflammation (IL1β/SERPINA3), p53 and obesity status using in-vivo and ex-vivo models of Barrett oesophagus. At the protein level, ATP5B (r = 0.71, P < 0.0001) and p53 (r = 0.455, P = 0.015) were found to be strongly associated with hypoxia. In addition, levels of ATP5B (r = 0.53, P = 0.0031) and GAPDH (r = -0.39, P = 0.0357) were positively associated with p53 expression. Moreover, we demonstrate that ATP5B (r = 0.8, P < 0.0001) and GAPDH (r = 0.43, P = 0.022) were positively associated with IL1β expression. Interestingly, obesity was negatively associated with oxidative phosphorylation (r = -0.6016, P = 0.0177) but positively associated with glycolysis (r = 0.743, P = 0.0015). Comparable correlations were exhibited in the ex-vivo explant tissue between metabolism, p53, hypoxia, inflammation and angiogenesis (P < 0.05). We have shown that metabolism is closely linked with many cellular processes in the Barrett tissue microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Phelan
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - R Feighery
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - O S Eldin
- Department of Histopathology, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - S Ó Meachair
- Centre for Health Decision Science (CHeDS), School of Computer Science and Statistics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - A Cannon
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - R Byrne
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - F MacCarthy
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - D O'Toole
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - J V Reynolds
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - J O'Sullivan
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
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19
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Hadjipanayi E, Kuhn PH, Moog P, Bauer AT, Kuekrek H, Mirzoyan L, Hummel A, Kirchhoff K, Salgin B, Isenburg S, Dornseifer U, Ninkovic M, Machens HG, Schilling AF. The Fibrin Matrix Regulates Angiogenic Responses within the Hemostatic Microenvironment through Biochemical Control. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0135618. [PMID: 26317771 PMCID: PMC4552838 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0135618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Conceptually, premature initiation of post-wound angiogenesis could interfere with hemostasis, as it relies on fibrinolysis. The mechanisms facilitating orchestration of these events remain poorly understood, however, likely due to limitations in discerning the individual contribution of cells and extracellular matrix. Here, we designed an in vitro Hemostatic-Components-Model (HCM) to investigate the role of the fibrin matrix as protein factor-carrier, independent of its cell-scaffold function. After characterizing the proteomic profile of HCM-harvested matrix releasates, we demonstrate that the key pro-/anti-angiogenic factors, VEGF and PF4, are differentially bound by the matrix. Changing matrix fibrin mass consequently alters the balance of releasate factor concentrations, with differential effects on basic endothelial cell (EC) behaviors. While increasing mass, and releasate VEGF levels, promoted EC chemotactic migration, it progressively inhibited tube formation, a response that was dependent on PF4. These results indicate that the clot’s matrix component initially serves as biochemical anti-angiogenic barrier, suggesting that post-hemostatic angiogenesis follows fibrinolysis-mediated angiogenic disinhibition. Beyond their significance towards understanding the spatiotemporal regulation of wound healing, our findings could inform the study of other pathophysiological processes in which coagulation and angiogenesis are prominent features, such as cardiovascular and malignant disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ektoras Hadjipanayi
- Department of Experimental Plastic Surgery, Clinic for Plastic and Hand Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, D-81675, Munich, Germany
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, Hand and Burn Surgery, Bogenhausen Hospital, 81925, Munich, Germany
| | - Peer-Hendrik Kuhn
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
- Neuroproteomics, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Philipp Moog
- Department of Experimental Plastic Surgery, Clinic for Plastic and Hand Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, D-81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Anna-Theresa Bauer
- Department of Experimental Plastic Surgery, Clinic for Plastic and Hand Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, D-81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Haydar Kuekrek
- Department of Experimental Plastic Surgery, Clinic for Plastic and Hand Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, D-81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Lilit Mirzoyan
- Department of Experimental Plastic Surgery, Clinic for Plastic and Hand Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, D-81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Anja Hummel
- Department of Experimental Plastic Surgery, Clinic for Plastic and Hand Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, D-81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Katharina Kirchhoff
- Department of Experimental Plastic Surgery, Clinic for Plastic and Hand Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, D-81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Burak Salgin
- Department of General Paediatrics, Neonatology and Paediatric Cardiology, University Children‘s Hospital Düsseldorf, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Cambridge University Department of Paediatrics, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Isenburg
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, Hand and Burn Surgery, Bogenhausen Hospital, 81925, Munich, Germany
| | - Ulf Dornseifer
- Department of Experimental Plastic Surgery, Clinic for Plastic and Hand Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, D-81675, Munich, Germany
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, Hand and Burn Surgery, Bogenhausen Hospital, 81925, Munich, Germany
| | - Milomir Ninkovic
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, Hand and Burn Surgery, Bogenhausen Hospital, 81925, Munich, Germany
| | - Hans-Günther Machens
- Department of Experimental Plastic Surgery, Clinic for Plastic and Hand Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, D-81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Arndt F. Schilling
- Department of Experimental Plastic Surgery, Clinic for Plastic and Hand Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, D-81675, Munich, Germany
- Center for Applied New Technologies in Engineering for Regenerative Medicine (Canter), Munich, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Renner K, Geiselhöringer AL, Fante M, Bruss C, Färber S, Schönhammer G, Peter K, Singer K, Andreesen R, Hoffmann P, Oefner P, Herr W, Kreutz M. Metabolic plasticity of human T cells: Preserved cytokine production under glucose deprivation or mitochondrial restriction, but 2-deoxy-glucose affects effector functions. Eur J Immunol 2015; 45:2504-16. [PMID: 26114249 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201545473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Revised: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The strong link between T-cell metabolism and effector functions is well characterized in the murine system but hardly investigated in human T cells. Therefore, we analyzed glycolytic and mitochondrial activity in correlation to function in activated human CD4 and CD8 T cells. Glycolysis was barely detectable upon stimulation but accelerated beyond 24 h, whereas mitochondrial activity was elevated immediately in both T-cell populations. Glucose deprivation or mitochondrial restriction reduced proliferation, had only a transient impact on "on-blast formation" and no impact on viability, IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-4, and IL-10 production, whereas TNF was reduced. Similar results were obtained in bulk T cells and T-cell subsets. Elevated respiration under glucose restriction demonstrated metabolic flexibility. Administration of the glycolytic inhibitor 2-deoxy-glucose suppressed both glycolysis and respiration and exerted a strong impact on cytokine production that persisted for IFN-γ after removal of 2-deoxy-glucose. Taken together, glycolytic or mitochondrial restriction alone compromised proliferation of human T cells, but barely affected their effector functions. In contrast, effector functions were severely affected by 2-deoxy-glucose treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Renner
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Regensburg Center for Interventional Immunology (RCI), Regensburg, Germany
| | - Anna-Lena Geiselhöringer
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Regensburg Center for Interventional Immunology (RCI), Regensburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Fante
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Christina Bruss
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Stephanie Färber
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Regensburg Center for Interventional Immunology (RCI), Regensburg, Germany
| | - Gabriele Schönhammer
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Regensburg Center for Interventional Immunology (RCI), Regensburg, Germany
| | - Katrin Peter
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Katrin Singer
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Reinhard Andreesen
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Regensburg Center for Interventional Immunology (RCI), Regensburg, Germany
| | - Petra Hoffmann
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Regensburg Center for Interventional Immunology (RCI), Regensburg, Germany
| | - Peter Oefner
- Institute of Functional Genomics, University Hospital of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Herr
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Regensburg Center for Interventional Immunology (RCI), Regensburg, Germany
| | - Marina Kreutz
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Regensburg Center for Interventional Immunology (RCI), Regensburg, Germany
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21
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Vuillefroy de Silly R, Ducimetière L, Yacoub Maroun C, Dietrich PY, Derouazi M, Walker PR. Phenotypic switch of CD8(+) T cells reactivated under hypoxia toward IL-10 secreting, poorly proliferative effector cells. Eur J Immunol 2015; 45:2263-75. [PMID: 25929785 PMCID: PMC7163737 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201445284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Revised: 04/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
CD8(+) T cells controlling pathogens or tumors must function at sites where oxygen tension is frequently low, and never as high as under atmospheric culture conditions. However, T-cell function in vivo is generally analyzed indirectly, or is extrapolated from in vitro studies under nonphysiologic oxygen tensions. In this study, we delineate the role of physiologic and pathologic oxygen tension in vitro during reactivation and differentiation of tumor-specific CD8(+) T cells. Using CD8(+) T cells from pmel-1 mice, we observed that the generation of CTLs under 5% O2, which corresponds to physioxia in lymph nodes, gave rise to a higher effector signature than those generated under atmospheric oxygen fractions (21% O2). Hypoxia (1% O2) did not modify cytotoxicity, but decreasing O2 tensions during CTL and CD8(+) tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte reactivation dose-dependently decreased proliferation, induced secretion of the immunosuppressive cytokine IL-10, and upregulated the expression of CD137 (4-1BB) and CD25. Overall, our data indicate that oxygen tension is a key regulator of CD8(+) T-cell function and fate and suggest that IL-10 release may be an unanticipated component of CD8(+) T cell-mediated immune responses in most in vivo microenvironments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura Ducimetière
- Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Madiha Derouazi
- Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Paul R Walker
- Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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22
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Byersdorfer CA. The role of Fatty Acid oxidation in the metabolic reprograming of activated t-cells. Front Immunol 2014; 5:641. [PMID: 25566254 PMCID: PMC4270246 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation represents a significant bioenergetic challenge for T-cells, which must undergo metabolic reprogramming to keep pace with increased energetic demands. This review focuses on the role of fatty acid metabolism, both in vitro and in vivo, following T-cell activation. Based upon previous studies in the literature, as well as accumulating evidence in allogeneic cells, I propose a multi-step model of in vivo metabolic reprogramming. In this model, a primary determinant of metabolic phenotype is the ubiquity and duration of antigen exposure. The implications of this model, as well as the future challenges and opportunities in studying T-cell metabolism, will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig Alan Byersdorfer
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapies, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, PA , USA
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Li P, Zheng SJ, Jiang CH, Zhou SM, Tian HJ, Zhang G, Gao YQ. Th2 lymphocytes migrating to the bone marrow under high-altitude hypoxia promote erythropoiesis via activin A and interleukin-9. Exp Hematol 2014; 42:804-15. [PMID: 24769210 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2014.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2013] [Revised: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The mechanism of accelerated erythropoiesis under the hypoxic conditions of high altitude (HA) remains largely obscure. Here, we investigated the potential role of bone marrow (BM) T cells in the increased production of erythrocytes at HA. We found that mice exposed to a simulated altitude of 6,000 m for 1-3 weeks exhibited a significant expansion of BM CD4+ cells, mainly caused by increasing T helper 2 (Th2) cells. Using a coculture model of BM T cells and hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells, we observed that BM CD4+ cells from hypoxic mice induced erythroid output more easily, in agreement with the erythroid-enhancing effect observed for Th2-condition-cultured BM CD4+ cells. It was further demonstrated that elevated secretion of activin A and interleukin-9 by BM Th2 cells of hypoxic mice promoted erythroid differentiation of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells and the growth of erythroblasts, respectively. Our study also provided evidence that the CXCL12-CXCR4 interaction played an important role in Th2 cell trafficking to the BM under HA conditions. These results collectively suggest that Th2 cells migrating to the BM during HA exposure have a regulatory role in erythropoiesis, which provides new insight into the mechanism of high altitude polycythemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Li
- Department of High Altitude Military Hygiene, College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China; Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China; The Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine, People's Liberation Army, Chongqing, China
| | - Shan-jun Zheng
- Department of High Altitude Military Hygiene, College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China; Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China; The Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine, People's Liberation Army, Chongqing, China
| | - Chun-hua Jiang
- Department of Pathophysiology and High Altitude Physiology, College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China; Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China; The Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine, People's Liberation Army, Chongqing, China
| | - Si-min Zhou
- Department of High Altitude Military Hygiene, College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China; Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China; The Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine, People's Liberation Army, Chongqing, China
| | - Huai-jun Tian
- Department of High Altitude Military Hygiene, College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China; Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China; The Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine, People's Liberation Army, Chongqing, China
| | - Gang Zhang
- Department of High Altitude Military Hygiene, College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China; Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China; The Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine, People's Liberation Army, Chongqing, China
| | - Yu-qi Gao
- Department of Pathophysiology and High Altitude Physiology, College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China; Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China; The Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine, People's Liberation Army, Chongqing, China.
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24
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Rapid effector function of memory CD8+ T cells requires an immediate-early glycolytic switch. Nat Immunol 2013; 14:1064-72. [PMID: 23955661 DOI: 10.1038/ni.2687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 373] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2013] [Accepted: 07/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Antigen-experienced memory T cells acquire effector function with innate-like kinetics; however, the metabolic requirements of these cells are unknown. Here we show that rapid interferon-γ (IFN-γ) production of effector memory (EM) CD8(+) T cells, activated through stimulation mediated by the T cell antigen receptor (TCR) and the costimulatory receptor CD28 or through cognate interactions, was linked to increased glycolytic flux. EM CD8(+) T cells exhibited more glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) activity at early time points, before proliferation commenced, than did naive cells activated under similar conditions. CD28 signaling via the serine-threonine kinase Akt and the metabolic-checkpoint kinase mTORC2 was needed to sustain TCR-mediated immediate-early glycolysis. Unlike glycolysis in proliferating cells, immediate-early glycolysis in memory CD8(+) T cells was rapamycin insensitive. Thus, CD8(+) memory T cells have an Akt-dependent 'imprinted' glycolytic potential that is required for efficient immediate-early IFN-γ recall responses.
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Gaber T, Tran CL, Schellmann S, Hahne M, Strehl C, Hoff P, Radbruch A, Burmester GR, Buttgereit F. Pathophysiological hypoxia affects the redox state and IL-2 signalling of human CD4+T cells and concomitantly impairs survival and proliferation. Eur J Immunol 2013; 43:1588-97. [DOI: 10.1002/eji.201242754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2012] [Revised: 01/23/2013] [Accepted: 03/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Gerd-Rüdiger Burmester
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology; Charité University Hospital; Berlin; Germany
| | - Frank Buttgereit
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology; Charité University Hospital; Berlin; Germany
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Human immune cells' behavior and survival under bioenergetically restricted conditions in an in vitro fracture hematoma model. Cell Mol Immunol 2013; 10:151-8. [PMID: 23396474 DOI: 10.1038/cmi.2012.56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The initial inflammatory phase of bone fracture healing represents a critical step for the outcome of the healing process. However, both the mechanisms initiating this inflammatory phase and the function of immune cells present at the fracture site are poorly understood. In order to study the early events within a fracture hematoma, we established an in vitro fracture hematoma model: we cultured hematomas forming during an osteotomy (artificial bone fracture) of the femur during total hip arthroplasty (THA) in vitro under bioenergetically controlled conditions. This model allowed us to monitor immune cell populations, cell survival and cytokine expression during the early phase following a fracture. Moreover, this model enabled us to change the bioenergetical conditions in order to mimic the in vivo situation, which is assumed to be characterized by hypoxia and restricted amounts of nutrients. Using this model, we found that immune cells adapt to hypoxia via the expression of angiogenic factors, chemoattractants and pro-inflammatory molecules. In addition, combined restriction of oxygen and nutrient supply enhanced the selective survival of lymphocytes in comparison with that of myeloid derived cells (i.e., neutrophils). Of note, non-restricted bioenergetical conditions did not show any similar effects regarding cytokine expression and/or different survival rates of immune cell subsets. In conclusion, we found that the bioenergetical conditions are among the crucial factors inducing the initial inflammatory phase of fracture healing and are thus a critical step for influencing survival and function of immune cells in the early fracture hematoma.
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Coomes SM, Pelly VS, Wilson MS. Plasticity within the αβ⁺CD4⁺ T-cell lineage: when, how and what for? Open Biol 2013; 3:120157. [PMID: 23345540 PMCID: PMC3603458 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.120157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Following thymic output, αβ⁺CD4⁺ T cells become activated in the periphery when they encounter peptide-major histocompatibility complex. A combination of cytokine and co-stimulatory signals instructs the differentiation of T cells into various lineages and subsequent expansion and contraction during an appropriate and protective immune response. Our understanding of the events leading to T-cell lineage commitment has been dominated by a single fate model describing the commitment of T cells to one of several helper (T(H)), follicular helper (T(FH)) or regulatory (T(REG)) phenotypes. Although a single lineage-committed and dedicated T cell may best execute a single function, the view of a single fate for T cells has recently been challenged. A relatively new paradigm in αβ⁺CD4⁺ T-cell biology indicates that T cells are much more flexible than previously appreciated, with the ability to change between helper phenotypes, between helper and follicular helper, or, most extremely, between helper and regulatory functions. In this review, we comprehensively summarize the recent literature identifying when T(H) or T(REG) cell plasticity occurs, provide potential mechanisms of plasticity and ask if T-cell plasticity is beneficial or detrimental to immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie M Coomes
- Division of Molecular Immunology, National Institute for Medical Research, MRC, London NW7 1AA, UK
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28
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Fangradt M, Hahne M, Gaber T, Strehl C, Rauch R, Hoff P, Löhning M, Burmester GR, Buttgereit F. Human monocytes and macrophages differ in their mechanisms of adaptation to hypoxia. Arthritis Res Ther 2012; 14:R181. [PMID: 22870988 PMCID: PMC3580576 DOI: 10.1186/ar4011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2012] [Accepted: 08/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Inflammatory arthritis is a progressive disease with chronic inflammation of joints, which is mainly characterized by the infiltration of immune cells and synovial hyperproliferation. Monocytes migrate towards inflamed areas and differentiate into macrophages. In inflamed tissues, much lower oxygen levels (hypoxia) are present in comparison to the peripheral blood. Hence, a metabolic adaptation process must take place. Other studies suggest that Hypoxia Inducible Factor 1-alpha (HIF-1α) may regulate this process, but the mechanism involved for human monocytes is not yet clear. To address this issue, we analyzed the expression and function of HIF-1α in monocytes and macrophages, but also considered alternative pathways involving nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells (NFκB). Methods Isolated human CD14+ monocytes were incubated under normoxia and hypoxia conditions with or without phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) stimulation, respectively. Nuclear and cytosolic fractions were prepared in order to detect HIF-1α and NFκB by immunoblot. For the experiments with macrophages, primary human monocytes were differentiated into human monocyte derived macrophages (hMDM) using human macrophage colony-stimulating factor (hM-CSF). The effects of normoxia and hypoxia on gene expression were compared between monocytes and hMDMs using quantitative PCR (quantitative polymerase chain reaction). Results We demonstrate, using primary human monocytes and hMDM, that the localization of transcription factor HIF-1α during the differentiation process is shifted from the cytosol (in monocytes) into the nucleus (in macrophages), apparently as an adaptation to a low oxygen environment. For this localization change, protein kinase C alpha/beta 1 (PKC-α/β1 ) plays an important role. In monocytes, it is NFκB1, and not HIF-1α, which is of central importance for the expression of hypoxia-adjusted genes. Conclusions These data demonstrate that during differentiation of monocytes into macrophages, crucial cellular adaptation mechanisms are decisively changed.
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Spies CM, Straub RH, Buttgereit F. Energy metabolism and rheumatic diseases: from cell to organism. Arthritis Res Ther 2012; 14:216. [PMID: 22747923 PMCID: PMC3446535 DOI: 10.1186/ar3885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In rheumatic and other chronic inflammatory diseases, high amounts of energy for the activated immune system have to be provided and allocated by energy metabolism. In recent time many new insights have been gained into the control of the immune response through metabolic signals. Activation of immune cells as well as reduced nutrient supply and hypoxia in inflamed tissues cause stimulation of glycolysis and other cellular metabolic pathways. However, persistent cellular metabolic signals can promote ongoing chronic inflammation and loss of immune tolerance. On the organism level, the neuroendocrine immune response of the hypothalamic-pituitary adrenal axis and sympathetic nervous system, which is meant to overcome a transient inflammatory episode, can lead to metabolic disease sequelae if chronically activated. We conclude that, on cellular and organism levels, a prolonged energy appeal reaction is an important factor of chronic inflammatory disease etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia M Spies
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
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30
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Sabat R, Chanwangpong A, Schneider-Burrus S, Metternich D, Kokolakis G, Kurek A, Philipp S, Uribe D, Wolk K, Sterry W. Increased prevalence of metabolic syndrome in patients with acne inversa. PLoS One 2012; 7:e31810. [PMID: 22359634 PMCID: PMC3281019 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0031810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2011] [Accepted: 01/16/2012] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Acne inversa (AI; also designated as Hidradenitis suppurativa) is a common chronic inflammatory skin disease, localized in the axillary, inguinal and perianal skin areas that causes painful, fistulating sinuses with malodorous purulence and scars. Several chronic inflammatory diseases are associated with the metabolic syndrome and its consequences including arteriosclerosis, coronary heart disease, myocardial infraction, and stroke. So far, the association of AI with systemic metabolic alterations is largely unexplored. Methods and Findings A hospital-based case-control study in 80 AI patients and 100 age- and sex-matched control participants was carried out. The prevalence of central obesity (odds ratio 5.88), hypertriglyceridemia (odds ratio 2.24), hypo-HDL-cholesterolemia (odds ratio 4.56), and hyperglycemia (odds ratio 4.09) in AI patients was significantly higher than in controls. Furthermore, the metabolic syndrome, previously defined as the presence of at least three of the five alterations listed above, was more common in those patients compared to controls (40.0% versus 13.0%; odds ratio 4.46, 95% confidence interval 2.02 to 9.96; P<0.001). AI patients with metabolic syndrome also had more pronounced metabolic alterations than controls with metabolic syndrome. Interestingly, there was no correlation between the severity or duration of the disease and the levels of respective parameters or the number of criteria defining the metabolic syndrome. Rather, the metabolic syndrome was observed in a disproportionately high percentage of young AI patients. Conclusions This study shows for the first time that AI patients have a high prevalence of the metabolic syndrome and all of its criteria. It further suggests that the inflammation present in AI patients does not have a major impact on the development of metabolic alterations. Instead, evidence is given for a role of metabolic alterations in the development of AI. We recommend monitoring of AI patients in order to correct their modifiable cardiovascular risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Sabat
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital Charité, Berlin, Germany.
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Impact of short-term systemic hypoxia on phagocytosis, cytokine production, and transcription factor activation in peripheral blood cells. Mediators Inflamm 2011; 2011:429501. [PMID: 21765619 PMCID: PMC3134261 DOI: 10.1155/2011/429501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2011] [Accepted: 04/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia frequently associated with certain physiologic and pathologic conditions influences numerous cellular functions. Because the effects of short-term hypoxia are incompletely understood, we examined phagocytosis and cytokine production as well as the activation of the transcription factors HIF-1 and NFκB in peripheral blood cells of healthy volunteers exposed to an oxygen concentration equivalent to that found at a height of 5500 m. Furthermore, we analysed plasma HIF-1 and serum concentrations of various HIF-1-dependent genes. Results showed that short-term hypoxia increased phagocytosis in neutrophils without affecting monocyte phagocytosis. Hypoxia decreased basal TNFα concentration in monocytes and basal interferon γ concentration in CD4(+) T lymphocytes. In contrast, plasma HIF and serum VEGF concentrations were not affected by hypoxia, although serum EPO concentration was raised. In PBMC, hypoxia increased cytosolic HIF-1 concentration without affecting nuclear HIF-1 concentration and led to a rise in the nuclear NFκB in PBMC. Our results show that short-term hypoxia affects immune functions in healthy individuals. Furthermore, we speculate that the effects of hypoxia are not due to HIF-1, but are caused by the activation of NFκB .
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