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Tutunea-Fatan E, Arumugarajah S, Suri RS, Edgar CR, Hon I, Dikeakos JD, Gunaratnam L. Sensing Dying Cells in Health and Disease: The Importance of Kidney Injury Molecule-1. J Am Soc Nephrol 2024; 35:795-808. [PMID: 38353655 PMCID: PMC11164124 DOI: 10.1681/asn.0000000000000334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), also known as T-cell Ig and mucin domain-1 (TIM-1), is a widely recognized biomarker for AKI, but its biological function is less appreciated. KIM-1/TIM-1 belongs to the T-cell Ig and mucin domain family of conserved transmembrane proteins, which bear the characteristic six-cysteine Ig-like variable domain. The latter enables binding of KIM-1/TIM-1 to its natural ligand, phosphatidylserine, expressed on the surface of apoptotic cells and necrotic cells. KIM-1/TIM-1 is expressed in a variety of tissues and plays fundamental roles in regulating sterile inflammation and adaptive immune responses. In the kidney, KIM-1 is upregulated on injured renal proximal tubule cells, which transforms them into phagocytes for clearance of dying cells and helps to dampen sterile inflammation. TIM-1, expressed in T cells, B cells, and natural killer T cells, is essential for cell activation and immune regulatory functions in the host. Functional polymorphisms in the gene for KIM-1/TIM-1, HAVCR1 , have been associated with susceptibility to immunoinflammatory conditions and hepatitis A virus-induced liver failure, which is thought to be due to a differential ability of KIM-1/TIM-1 variants to bind phosphatidylserine. This review will summarize the role of KIM-1/TIM-1 in health and disease and its potential clinical applications as a biomarker and therapeutic target in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Tutunea-Fatan
- Matthew Mailing Centre for Translational Transplant Studies, Lawson Health Research Institute, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shabitha Arumugarajah
- Matthew Mailing Centre for Translational Transplant Studies, Lawson Health Research Institute, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rita S. Suri
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Cassandra R. Edgar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ingrid Hon
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jimmy D. Dikeakos
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lakshman Gunaratnam
- Matthew Mailing Centre for Translational Transplant Studies, Lawson Health Research Institute, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
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Hattori T, Saito T, Miyamoto H, Kajihara M, Igarashi M, Takada A. Single Nucleotide Variants of the Human TIM-1 IgV Domain with Reduced Ability to Promote Viral Entry into Cells. Viruses 2022; 14:v14102124. [PMID: 36298679 PMCID: PMC9611583 DOI: 10.3390/v14102124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Human T-cell immunoglobulin mucin 1 (hTIM-1) is known to promote cellular entry of enveloped viruses. Previous studies suggested that the polymorphisms of hTIM-1 affected its function. Here, we analyzed single nucleotide variants (SNVs) of hTIM-1 to determine their ability to promote cellular entry of viruses using pseudotyped vesicular stomatitis Indiana virus (VSIV). We obtained hTIM-1 sequences from a public database (Ensembl genome browser) and identified 35 missense SNVs in 3 loops of the hTIM-1 immunoglobulin variable (IgV) domain, which had been reported to interact with the Ebola virus glycoprotein (GP) and phosphatidylserine (PS) in the viral envelope. HEK293T cells transiently expressing wildtype hTIM-1 or its SNV mutants were infected with VSIVs pseudotyped with filovirus or arenavirus GPs, and their infectivities were compared. Eleven of the thirty-five SNV substitutions reduced the efficiency of hTIM-1-mediated entry of pseudotyped VSIVs. These SNV substitutions were found not only around the PS-binding pocket but also in other regions of the molecule. Taken together, our findings suggest that some SNVs of the hTIM-1 IgV domain have impaired ability to interact with PS and/or viral GPs in the viral envelope, which may affect the hTIM-1 function to promote viral entry into cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takanari Hattori
- Division of Global Epidemiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
| | - Takeshi Saito
- Division of Global Epidemiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
| | - Hiroko Miyamoto
- Division of Global Epidemiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kajihara
- Division of Global Epidemiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
| | - Manabu Igarashi
- Division of Global Epidemiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
- International Collaboration Unit, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
| | - Ayato Takada
- Division of Global Epidemiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
- International Collaboration Unit, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
- Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka 10101, Zambia
- One Health Research Center, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-11-706-9502; Fax: +81-11-706-7310
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The Most Promising Biomarkers of Allogeneic Kidney Transplant Rejection. J Immunol Res 2022; 2022:6572338. [PMID: 35669103 PMCID: PMC9167141 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6572338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical transplantology is a constantly evolving field of medicine. Kidney transplantation has become standard clinical practice, and it has a significant impact on reducing mortality and improving the quality of life of patients. Allogenic transplantation induces an immune response, which may lead to the rejection of the transplanted organ. The gold standard for evaluating rejection of the transplanted kidney by the recipient's organism is a biopsy of this organ. However, due to the high invasiveness of this procedure, alternative diagnostic methods are being sought. Therefore, the biomarkers may play an essential predictive role in transplant rejection. A review of the most promising biomarkers for early diagnosis and prognosis prediction of allogenic kidney transplant rejection summarizes novel data on neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), C-X-C motif chemokine 10 (CXCL-10), cystatin C (CysC), osteopontin (OPN), and clusterin (CLU) and analyses the dynamics of changes of the biomarkers mentioned above in kidney diseases and the mechanism of rejection of the transplanted kidney.
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4
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Tim-1 mucin domain-mutant mice display exacerbated atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis 2022; 352:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2022.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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5
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George J, Zhang Y, Sloan J, Sims JM, Imig JD, Zhao X. Tim-1 Deficiency Aggravates High-Fat Diet-Induced Steatohepatitis in Mice. Front Immunol 2021; 12:747794. [PMID: 34675931 PMCID: PMC8523998 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.747794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)/non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is commonly associated with obesity and characterized by excessive lipid accumulation and liver inflammation. The T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain 1 (Tim-1), also known as hepatitis A virus cellular receptor 1 (Havcr-1) and kidney injury molecule 1 (Kim-1), has been shown to affect innate immunity-driven proinflammatory cascade in liver ischemia-reperfusion injury. However, its contribution to obesity-related NAFLD/NASH remains unknown. Thus, this study was designed to evaluate the role of Tim-1 in obesity-related liver inflammation and injury in wild-type (WT) and Tim-1-deficient (Tim-1-/-) C57BL/6J mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 5-6 months. HFD feeding induced steatosis and upregulated Tim-1 gene expression in the liver of WT mice. Surprisingly, Tim-1-/- mice on HFD diet exhibited an exacerbation of hepatic steatosis, accompanied with an elevation of protein levels of fatty acid translocase CD36 and sterol regulatory element binding protein 1 (SREBP1). Tim-1 deficiency also enhanced HFD-induced liver inflammation and injury, as evidenced by augmented increase in hepatic expression of pro-inflammatory factor lipocalin 2 and elevated serum alanine transaminase (ALT). In addition, gene expression of type I, III and IV collagens and liver fibrosis were greatly enhanced in HFD Tim-1-/- mice compared with HFD WT mice. HFD-induced hepatic expression of YM-1, a specific mouse M2 macrophage marker, was further upregulated by deletion of Tim-1. Together, these results show that Tim-1 deficiency aggravates the effects of HFD diet on lipid accumulation and liver fibrosis, most likely through enhanced infiltration and activation of inflammatory cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine George
- Department of Physiology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Jacob Sloan
- Department of Physiology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Joya M Sims
- Department of Physiology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - John D Imig
- Drug Discovery Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Xueying Zhao
- Department of Physiology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
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Karmakova ТА, Sergeeva NS, Kanukoev КY, Alekseev BY, Kaprin АD. Kidney Injury Molecule 1 (KIM-1): a Multifunctional Glycoprotein and Biological Marker (Review). Sovrem Tekhnologii Med 2021; 13:64-78. [PMID: 34603757 PMCID: PMC8482821 DOI: 10.17691/stm2021.13.3.08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
KIM-1 (kidney injury molecule 1) is a transmembrane glycoprotein also known as HAVcr-1 and TIM-1 belongs to the T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain family (TIM) of proteins. TIM glycoproteins are presented on the immune cells and participate in the regulation of immune reactions. KIM-1 differs from other members of its family in that it is expressed not only by immunocompetent cells but epithelial cells as well. Cellular and humoral effects mediated by KIM-1 are involved in a variety of physiological and pathophysiological processes. Current understanding of the mechanisms determining the participation of KIM-1 in viral invasion, the immune response regulation, adaptive reactions of the kidney epithelium to acute ischemic or toxic injury, in progression of chronic renal diseases, and kidney cancer development have been presented in this review. Data of clinical researches demonstrating the association of KIM-1 with viral diseases and immune disorders have also been analyzed. Potential application of KIM-1 as urinary or serological marker in renal and cardiovascular diseases has been considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Т А Karmakova
- Leading Researcher, Department of Predicting the Effectiveness of Conservative Therapy; P. Hertsen Moscow Oncology Research Institute - Branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Centre of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 3, 2 Botkinsky Proezd, Moscow, 125284, Russia
| | - N S Sergeeva
- Professor, Head of the Department of Predicting the Effectiveness of Conservative Therapy; P. Hertsen Moscow Oncology Research Institute - Branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Centre of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 3, 2 Botkinsky Proezd, Moscow, 125284, Russia; Professor, Department of Biology; Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 1 Ostrovitianova St., Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - К Yu Kanukoev
- Urologist, Department of Urology with Chemotherapy; P. Hertsen Moscow Oncology Research Institute - Branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Centre of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 3, 2 Botkinsky Proezd, Moscow, 125284, Russia
| | - B Ya Alekseev
- Professor, Deputy General Director for Science; National Medical Research Radiological Centre of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 4 Koroleva St., Obninsk, 249036, Russia
| | - А D Kaprin
- Professor, Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, General Director; National Medical Research Radiological Centre of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 4 Koroleva St., Obninsk, 249036, Russia
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7
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Lu X. Structure and functions of T-cell immunoglobulin-domain and mucin- domain protein 3 in cancer. Curr Med Chem 2021; 29:1851-1865. [PMID: 34365943 DOI: 10.2174/0929867328666210806120904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND T-cell immunoglobulin (Ig)-domain and mucin-domain (TIM) proteins represent a family of receptors expressed on T-cells that play essential cellular immunity roles. The TIM proteins span across the membrane belonging to type I transmembrane proteins. The N terminus contains an Ig-like V-type domain and a Ser/Thr-rich mucin stalk as a co-inhibitory receptor. The C-terminal tail oriented toward the cytosol predominantly mediates intracellular signaling. METHODS This review discusses the structural features and functions of TIM-3, specifically on its role in mediating immune responses in different cell types, and the rationale for TIM-3-targeted cancer immunotherapy. RESULTS TIM-3 has gained significant importance to be a potential biomarker in cancer immunotherapy. It has been shown that blockade with checkpoint inhibitors promotes anti-tumor immunity and inhibits tumor growth in several preclinical tumor models. CONCLUSION TIM-3 is an immune regulating molecule expressed on several cell types, including IFNγ-producing T-cells, FoxP3+ Treg cells, and innate immune cells. The roles of TIM-3 in immunosuppression support its merit as a target for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinjie Lu
- The Mary and Garry Weston Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Thrombosis Research Institute, London, SW3 6LR. United Kingdom
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Qin J, Xu Z, Deng K, Qin F, Wei J, Yuan L, Sun Y, Zheng T, Li S. Development of a gene signature associated with iron metabolism in lung adenocarcinoma. Bioengineered 2021; 12:4556-4568. [PMID: 34323652 PMCID: PMC8806683 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1954840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
There are few studies on the role of iron metabolism genes in predicting the prognosis of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). Therefore, our research aims to screen key genes and to establish a prognostic signature that can predict the overall survival rate of lung adenocarcinoma patients. RNA-Seq data and corresponding clinical materials of 594 adenocarcinoma patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA) were downloaded. GSE42127 of Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database was further verified. The multi-gene prognostic signature was constructed by the Cox regression model of the Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO). We constructed a prediction signature with 12 genes (HAVCR1, SPN, GAPDH, ANGPTL4, PRSS3, KRT8, LDHA, HMMR, SLC2A1, CYP24A1, LOXL2, TIMP1), and patients were split into high and low-risk groups. The survival graph results revealed that the survival prognosis between the high and low-risk groups was significantly different (TCGA: P < 0.001, GEO: P = 0.001). Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis confirmed that the risk value is a predictor of patient OS (P < 0.001). The area under the time-dependent ROC curve (AUC) indicated that our signature had a relatively high true positive rate when predicting the 1-year, 3-year, and 5-year OS of the TCGA cohort, which was 0.735, 0.711, and 0.601, respectively. In addition, immune-related pathways were highlighted in the functional enrichment analysis. In conclusion, we developed and verified a 12-gene prognostic signature, which may be help predict the prognosis of lung adenocarcinoma and offer a variety of targeted options for the precise treatment of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junqi Qin
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, P. R. China
| | - Zhanyu Xu
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, P. R. China
| | - Kun Deng
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, P. R. China
| | - Fanglu Qin
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, P. R. China.,School of Information and Management, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, P. R. China
| | - Jiangbo Wei
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, P. R. China
| | - Liqiang Yuan
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, P. R. China
| | - Yu Sun
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, P. R. China
| | - Tiaozhan Zheng
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, P. R. China
| | - Shikang Li
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, P. R. China
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9
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Long W, Zhang H, Yuan W, Lan G, Lin Z, Peng L, Dai H. The Role of Regulatory B cells in Kidney Diseases. Front Immunol 2021; 12:683926. [PMID: 34108975 PMCID: PMC8183681 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.683926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
B cells, commonly regarded as proinflammatory antibody-producing cells, are detrimental to individuals with autoimmune diseases. However, in recent years, several studies have shown that regulatory B (Breg) cells, an immunosuppressive subset of B cells, may exert protective effects against autoimmune diseases by secretion of inhibitory cytokines such as IL-10. In practice, Breg cells are identified by their production of immune-regulatory cytokines, such as IL-10, TGF-β, and IL-35, however, no specific marker or Breg cell-specific transcription factor has been identified. Multiple phenotypes of Breg cells have been found, whose functions vary according to their phenotype. This review summarizes the discovery, phenotypes, development, and function of Breg cells and highlights their potential therapeutic value in kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Long
- Department of Kidney Transplantation, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Department of Pathological Cell Biology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hedong Zhang
- Department of Kidney Transplantation, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Clinical Research Center for Organ Transplantation in Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Wenjia Yuan
- Department of Kidney Transplantation, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Clinical Research Center for Organ Transplantation in Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Gongbin Lan
- Department of Kidney Transplantation, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Clinical Research Center for Organ Transplantation in Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Zhi Lin
- Department of Kidney Transplantation, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Clinical Research Center for Organ Transplantation in Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Longkai Peng
- Department of Kidney Transplantation, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Clinical Research Center for Organ Transplantation in Hunan Province, Changsha, China.,Clinical Immunology Center, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Helong Dai
- Department of Kidney Transplantation, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Clinical Research Center for Organ Transplantation in Hunan Province, Changsha, China.,Clinical Immunology Center, Central South University, Changsha, China
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10
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Xiao S, Bod L, Pochet N, Kota SB, Hu D, Madi A, Kilpatrick J, Shi J, Ho A, Zhang H, Sobel R, Weiner HL, Strom TB, Quintana FJ, Joller N, Kuchroo VK. Checkpoint Receptor TIGIT Expressed on Tim-1 + B Cells Regulates Tissue Inflammation. Cell Rep 2021; 32:107892. [PMID: 32668241 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tim-1, a phosphatidylserine receptor expressed on B cells, induces interleukin 10 (IL-10) production by sensing apoptotic cells. Here we show that mice with B cell-specific Tim-1 deletion develop tissue inflammation in multiple organs including spontaneous paralysis with inflammation in the central nervous system (CNS). Transcriptomic analysis demonstrates that besides IL-10, Tim-1+ B cells also differentially express a number of co-inhibitory checkpoint receptors including TIGIT. Mice with B cell-specific TIGIT deletion develop spontaneous paralysis with CNS inflammation, but with limited inflammation in other organs. Our findings suggest that Tim-1+ B cells are essential for maintaining self-tolerance and restraining tissue inflammation, and that Tim-1 signaling-dependent TIGIT expression on B cells is essential for maintaining CNS-specific tolerance. A possible critical role of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) in regulating the B cell function is discussed, as we find that AhR is among the preferentially expressed transcription factors in Tim-1+ B cells and regulates their TIGIT and IL-10 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Xiao
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases and Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Lloyd Bod
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases and Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Nathalie Pochet
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases and Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Dan Hu
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases and Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Asaf Madi
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases and Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jessica Kilpatrick
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases and Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jingwen Shi
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases and Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Allen Ho
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases and Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Huiyuan Zhang
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases and Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Raymond Sobel
- Palo Alto Veteran's Administration Health Care System and Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Howard L Weiner
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases and Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Terry B Strom
- Transplant Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Francisco J Quintana
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases and Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Nicole Joller
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich 8057, Switzerland
| | - Vijay K Kuchroo
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases and Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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11
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Catalán D, Mansilla MA, Ferrier A, Soto L, Oleinika K, Aguillón JC, Aravena O. Immunosuppressive Mechanisms of Regulatory B Cells. Front Immunol 2021; 12:611795. [PMID: 33995344 PMCID: PMC8118522 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.611795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulatory B cells (Bregs) is a term that encompasses all B cells that act to suppress immune responses. Bregs contribute to the maintenance of tolerance, limiting ongoing immune responses and reestablishing immune homeostasis. The important role of Bregs in restraining the pathology associated with exacerbated inflammatory responses in autoimmunity and graft rejection has been consistently demonstrated, while more recent studies have suggested a role for this population in other immune-related conditions, such as infections, allergy, cancer, and chronic metabolic diseases. Initial studies identified IL-10 as the hallmark of Breg function; nevertheless, the past decade has seen the discovery of other molecules utilized by human and murine B cells to regulate immune responses. This new arsenal includes other anti-inflammatory cytokines such IL-35 and TGF-β, as well as cell surface proteins like CD1d and PD-L1. In this review, we examine the main suppressive mechanisms employed by these novel Breg populations. We also discuss recent evidence that helps to unravel previously unknown aspects of the phenotype, development, activation, and function of IL-10-producing Bregs, incorporating an overview on those questions that remain obscure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Catalán
- Programa Disciplinario de Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Instituto Milenio en Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Santiago, Chile
| | - Miguel Andrés Mansilla
- Programa Disciplinario de Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ashley Ferrier
- Programa Disciplinario de Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Instituto Milenio en Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Santiago, Chile
| | - Lilian Soto
- Programa Disciplinario de Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Unidad de Dolor, Hospital Clínico, Universidad de Chile (HCUCH), Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Juan Carlos Aguillón
- Programa Disciplinario de Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Octavio Aravena
- Programa Disciplinario de Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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12
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Obert LA, Elmore SA, Ennulat D, Frazier KS. A Review of Specific Biomarkers of Chronic Renal Injury and Their Potential Application in Nonclinical Safety Assessment Studies. Toxicol Pathol 2021; 49:996-1023. [PMID: 33576319 DOI: 10.1177/0192623320985045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A host of novel renal biomarkers have been developed over the past few decades which have enhanced monitoring of renal disease and drug-induced kidney injury in both preclinical studies and in humans. Since chronic kidney disease (CKD) and acute kidney injury (AKI) share similar underlying mechanisms and the tubulointerstitial compartment has a functional role in the progression of CKD, urinary biomarkers of AKI may provide predictive information in chronic renal disease. Numerous studies have explored whether the recent AKI biomarkers could improve upon the standard clinical biomarkers, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and urinary albumin to creatinine ratio, for predicting outcomes in CKD patients. This review is an introduction to alternative assays that can be utilized in chronic (>3 months duration) nonclinical safety studies to provide information on renal dysfunction and to demonstrate specific situations where these assays could be utilized in nonclinical drug development. Novel biomarkers such as symmetrical dimethyl arginine, dickkopf homolog 3, and cystatin C predict chronic renal injury in animals, act as surrogates for GFR, and may predict changes in GFR in patients over time, ultimately providing a bridge from preclinical to clinical renal monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie A Obert
- 549350GlaxoSmithKline (GSK), Nonclinical Safety, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - Susan A Elmore
- Cellular and Molecular Pathology Branch, National Toxicology Program (NTP), 6857National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Daniela Ennulat
- 549350GlaxoSmithKline (GSK), Nonclinical Safety, Collegeville, PA, USA
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13
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Blockade of TIM-1 on the donor graft ameliorates graft-versus-host disease following hematopoietic cell transplantation. Blood Adv 2020; 3:3419-3431. [PMID: 31714958 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2019000286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is a leading cause of mortality after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) mediated by dysregulated T-cell immune reconstitution. Given the role of the T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin 1 (TIM-1) surface protein in many immune processes, including organ transplantation tolerance, we asked if TIM-1 might drive post-transplant inflammation and acute GVHD. TIM-1 binds to phosphatidylserine (PtdSer), and agonism of TIM1 on immune cells is proinflammatory. HCT conditioning results in a significant supply of PtdSer from apoptosis and cellular debris. Using murine models, treatment with an antagonistic anti-TIM-1 monoclonal antibody (mAb) protects against acute GVHD while maintaining graft-versus-tumor effects. In contrast, the addition of exogenous free PtdSer worsened GVHD in a TIM-1-dependent manner. Importantly, TIM-1 blockade did not alter the expansion of donor T cells in vitro or in vivo. Instead, TIM-1 blockade reduces proinflammatory cytokines and promotes anti-inflammatory factors like carbonic anhydrase 1 and serum amyloid A1 in the gut tissue. This is mediated by TIM-1 on donor cells, as HCT of wild-type (WT) bone marrow (BM) and conventional T (Tcon) cells into TIM-1-/- knockout (KO) recipient mice showed little survival advantage compared with WT recipients, whereas WT recipients of TIM-1-/- KO Tcon cells or TIM1-/- KO BM had improved survival, in part due to the expression of TIM-1 on donor invariant natural killer T cells, which drives inflammation. Finally, in a humanized mouse xenograft GVHD model, treatment with anti-human TIM-1 antagonist mAb reduced GVHD disease burden and mortality. This supports TIM-1 as important for GVHD pathogenesis and as a target for the prevention of GVHD.
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Naeini MB, Bianconi V, Pirro M, Sahebkar A. The role of phosphatidylserine recognition receptors in multiple biological functions. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2020; 25:23. [PMID: 32226456 PMCID: PMC7098104 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-020-00214-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Apoptotic cells are rapidly engulfed and degraded by phagocytes through efferocytosis. Efferocytosis is a highly regulated process. It is triggered upon the activation of caspase-dependent apoptosis, which in turn promotes the expression of "eat me" signals on the surface of dying cells and the release of soluble "find me" signals for the recruitment of phagocytes. To date, many "eat me" signals have been recognized, including phosphatidylserine (PS), intercellular adhesion molecule-3, carbohydrates (e.g., amino sugars, mannose) and calreticulin. Among them, PS is the most studied one. PS recognition receptors are different functionally active receptors expressed by phagocytes. Various PS recognition receptors with different structure, cell type expression, and ability to bind to PS have been recognized. Although PS recognition receptors do not fall into a single classification or family of proteins due to their structural differences, they all share the common ability to activate downstream signaling pathways leading to the production of anti-inflammatory mediators. In this review, available evidence regarding molecular mechanisms underlying PS recognition receptor-regulated clearance of apoptotic cells is discussed. In addition, some efferocytosis-independent biological functions of PS recognition receptors are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehri Bemani Naeini
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Vanessa Bianconi
- Unit of Internal Medicine, Angiology and Arteriosclerosis Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Matteo Pirro
- Unit of Internal Medicine, Angiology and Arteriosclerosis Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Halal Research Center of IRI, FDA, Tehran, Iran
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 91779-48564, Mashhad, Iran
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15
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Zheng X, Xu K, Chen L, Zhou Y, Jiang J. Prognostic value of TIM-1 expression in human non-small-cell lung cancer. J Transl Med 2019; 17:178. [PMID: 31138322 PMCID: PMC6537328 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-019-1931-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain 1 (TIM-1) is an important co-stimulatory molecule which serves as a surface marker for T cell activation, especially for Th2 cells. Recently, many studies have also shown that TIM-1 can be abnormally expressed in human cancers and may have a potential role in promoting cancer progression. METHODS The immunohistochemistry was used to examine the TIM-1 expression in human non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) tissues. The cellular studies were performed to investigate the role of TIM-1 in the regulation of biological functions of human lung cancer cell lines. RESULTS We found that the TIM-1 expression was increased in human NSCLC tissues compared with the adjacent normal tissues, and the OS rate of NSCLC patients with higher TIM-1 expression was significantly lower compared with the ones with lower TIM-1 expression. The COX model showed that higher TIM-1 expression in lung cancer tissues could be used as an independent prognostic predictor for the patients. Furthermore, we depleted TIM-1 in NSCLC cell lines A549 and SK-MES-1, and the cellular functional studies also revealed that depletion of TIM-1 could significantly inhibit the cell viability as well as the abilities of migration and invasion. In addition, our microarray data showed that certain signaling pathways were altered and enriched after depletion of TIM-1. We subsequently verified that PI3K/Akt signaling pathway was involved in the TIM-1-mediated regulation of cellular functions in NSCLC cells. CONCLUSION Our findings supported the notion that TIM-1 could serve as a potential therapeutic target for NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Zheng
- Department of Tumor Biological Treatment, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, 213003, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Tumor Immunotherapy, Changzhou, Jiangsu, 213003, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Cell Therapy, Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, 213003, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Xu
- Department of Tumor Biological Treatment, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, 213003, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Tumor Immunotherapy, Changzhou, Jiangsu, 213003, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Cell Therapy, Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, 213003, People's Republic of China
| | - Lujun Chen
- Department of Tumor Biological Treatment, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, 213003, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Tumor Immunotherapy, Changzhou, Jiangsu, 213003, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Cell Therapy, Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, 213003, People's Republic of China
| | - You Zhou
- Department of Tumor Biological Treatment, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, 213003, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Tumor Immunotherapy, Changzhou, Jiangsu, 213003, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Cell Therapy, Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, 213003, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingting Jiang
- Department of Tumor Biological Treatment, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, 213003, People's Republic of China. .,Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Tumor Immunotherapy, Changzhou, Jiangsu, 213003, People's Republic of China. .,Institute of Cell Therapy, Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, 213003, People's Republic of China.
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16
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Razi B, Reykandeh SE, Alizadeh S, Amirzargar A, Saghazadeh A, Rezaei N. TIM family gene polymorphism and susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis: Systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0211146. [PMID: 30730912 PMCID: PMC6366744 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0211146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND TIM-family proteins are expressed on different immune cells such as dendritic cells, macrophages, type 1 and 2 T helper (Th) cells. Therefore, they have the ability to contribute to the various intracellular signals and immune responses, importantly the regulation of Th1 and Th17 cell differentiation, which plays a remarked role in fight against inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Association of TIM family gene polymorphisms with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has been frequently investigated. The findings however are not entirely consistent. Therefore, we carried out the present meta-analysis to examine the association between RA and the following TIM family gene polymorphisms: rs41297579, rs1036199, rs10515746, and rs7700944. METHODS A systematic search of Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science databases was conducted through December 2018. Combined odds ratios (OR) with their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated under different possible genetic models. RESULTS A total of eight case-control studies were included in the present meta-analysis. The results demonstrated significant association of RA with TIM-3 rs1036199 polymorphism under dominant (OR, 1.93, 95% CI, 1.43-2.61) and allelic models (OR, 1.74, 95% CI, 1.31-2.30). None of the other examined polymorphisms indicated significant association with RA. CONCLUSIONS The present meta-analysis revealed that the TIM-3 rs1036199 polymorphism might confer susceptibility to RA. Further studies are required to reassert our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahman Razi
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Shahab Alizadeh
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - AliAkbar Amirzargar
- Molecular Immunology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences(TUMS), Tehran, Iran
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Amene Saghazadeh
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children’s Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Expert Group (SRMEG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Nima Rezaei
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children’s Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
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17
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Feldreich T, Nowak C, Fall T, Carlsson AC, Carrero JJ, Ripsweden J, Qureshi AR, Heimbürger O, Barany P, Stenvinkel P, Vuilleumier N, Kalra PA, Green D, Ärnlöv J. Circulating proteins as predictors of cardiovascular mortality in end-stage renal disease. J Nephrol 2018; 32:111-119. [PMID: 30499038 PMCID: PMC6373380 DOI: 10.1007/s40620-018-0556-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Proteomic profiling of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients could lead to improved risk prediction and novel insights into cardiovascular disease mechanisms. Plasma levels of 92 cardiovascular disease-associated proteins were assessed by proximity extension assay (Proseek Multiplex CVD-1, Olink Bioscience, Uppsala, Sweden) in a discovery cohort of dialysis patients, the Mapping of Inflammatory Markers in Chronic Kidney disease cohort [MIMICK; n = 183, 55% women, mean age 63 years, 46 cardiovascular deaths during follow-up (mean 43 months)]. Significant results were replicated in the incident and prevalent hemodialysis arm of the Salford Kidney Study [SKS dialysis study, n = 186, 73% women, mean age 62 years, 45 cardiovascular deaths during follow-up (mean 12 months)], and in the CKD5-LD-RTxcohort with assessments of coronary artery calcium (CAC)-score by cardiac computed tomography (n = 89, 37% women, mean age 46 years). Results In age and sex-adjusted Cox regression in MIMICK, 11 plasma proteins were nominally associated with cardiovascular mortality (in order of significance: Kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), Matrix metalloproteinase-7, Tumour necrosis factor receptor 2, Interleukin-6, Matrix metalloproteinase-1, Brain-natriuretic peptide, ST2 protein, Hepatocyte growth factor, TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand receptor-2, Spondin-1, and Fibroblast growth factor 25). Only plasma KIM-1 was associated with cardiovascular mortality after correction for multiple testing, but also after adjustment for dialysis vintage, cardiovascular risk factors and inflammation (hazard ratio) per standard deviation (SD) increase 1.84, 95% CI 1.26–2.69, p = 0.002. Addition of KIM-1, or nine of the most informative proteins to an established risk-score (modified AROii CVM-score) improved discrimination of cardiovascular mortality risk from C = 0.777 to C = 0.799 and C = 0.823, respectively. In the SKS dialysis study, KIM-1 predicted cardiovascular mortality in age and sex adjusted models (hazard ratio per SD increase 1.45, 95% CI 1.03–2.05, p = 0.034) and higher KIM-1 was associated with higher CACscores in the CKD5-LD-RTx-cohort. Conclusions Our proteomics approach identified plasma KIM-1 as a risk marker for cardiovascular mortality and coronary artery calcification in three independent ESRD-cohorts. The improved risk prediction for cardiovascular mortality by plasma proteomics merit further studies. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s40620-018-0556-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Feldreich
- School of Health and Social Studies, Dalarna University, Falun, Sweden.,Division of Family Medicine, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden.,Department of Medical Sciences and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Christoph Nowak
- Division of Family Medicine, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Tove Fall
- Department of Medical Sciences and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Axel C Carlsson
- Division of Family Medicine, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden.,Department of Medical Sciences and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Juan-Jesus Carrero
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (MEB), Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Jonas Ripsweden
- Division of Medical Imaging and Technology, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Campus Flemingsberg, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Abdul Rashid Qureshi
- Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Olof Heimbürger
- Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter Barany
- Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter Stenvinkel
- Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nicolas Vuilleumier
- Department of Genetics, Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.,Department of Medical Specialties, Geneva Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Philip A Kalra
- Divison of Cardiovascular Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester, UK.,Department of Renal, Medicine, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Stott Lane, Salford, UK
| | - Darren Green
- Divison of Cardiovascular Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester, UK.,Department of Renal, Medicine, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Stott Lane, Salford, UK
| | - Johan Ärnlöv
- School of Health and Social Studies, Dalarna University, Falun, Sweden. .,Division of Family Medicine, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden.
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18
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Benjamin M, Agnihotry S, Srivastava A, Bolia R, Yachha SK, Aggarwal R. Relationship of Severity of Hepatitis A with Polymorphisms in Hepatitis A Virus Cellular Receptor 1 (HAVCR1) Gene. Ann Hepatol 2018; 17:561-568. [PMID: 29893695 DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0012.0917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND AIM HAVCR1 protein is the cellular receptor for hepatitis A virus (HAV). Genetic polymorphism in this gene may alter the outcome of HAV infection. In a previous study, a 6-amino acid insertion (157insMTTTVP) in HAVCR1 gene was associated with more severe disease. We decided to investigate this association further. MATERIAL AND METHODS We sequenced exon 4 of the HAVCR1 gene in patients with clinical hepatitis A attending our institution, and a group of healthy controls in a disease-endemic setting in India. Frequencies of different haplotypes of a genomic region with two overlapping insertion-deletion polymorphisms (indels; rs141023871 and rs139041445) were compared between patients and controls, as well as between patients with and without a severe form of disease (liver failure). RESULTS The gene had three haplotypes in the region of interest - a short form, an intermediate-form with a 5-amino acid 157insMTTVP insertion and a long-form with a 6-amino acid 157insMTTTVP insertion. The allele frequency (29/150 [19%] vs. 43/146 [29%]; p = ns) and haplotype frequency (29/75 [39%] vs. 39/73 [53%]; p = ns) of the 157insMTTTVP variant were similar in hepatitis A patients and healthy controls (30%). Further, the allele frequency (12/58 [21%] vs. 17/92 [18%]; p = ns) and haplotype frequency (12/29 [41%] vs.17/46 [37%]; p = ns) of the longest variant were also similar in patients with severe and mild disease. DISCUSSION In the study population, the 157insMTTTVP variant of HAVCR1 gene was not associated with more severe outcome of HAV infection. Further studies in other populations around the world are needed to assess the relation of this genetic variation with disease outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercilena Benjamin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, UP, India
| | - Shikha Agnihotry
- Biomedical Informatics Centre, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, UP, India
| | - Anshu Srivastava
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, UP, India
| | - Rishi Bolia
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, UP, India
| | - S K Yachha
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, UP, India
| | - Rakesh Aggarwal
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, UP, India Biomedical Informatics Centre, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, UP, India
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Schönrich G, Raftery MJ. CD1-Restricted T Cells During Persistent Virus Infections: "Sympathy for the Devil". Front Immunol 2018; 9:545. [PMID: 29616036 PMCID: PMC5868415 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Some of the clinically most important viruses persist in the human host after acute infection. In this situation, the host immune system and the viral pathogen attempt to establish an equilibrium. At best, overt disease is avoided. This attempt may fail, however, resulting in eventual loss of viral control or inadequate immune regulation. Consequently, direct virus-induced tissue damage or immunopathology may occur. The cluster of differentiation 1 (CD1) family of non-classical major histocompatibility complex class I molecules are known to present hydrophobic, primarily lipid antigens. There is ample evidence that both CD1-dependent and CD1-independent mechanisms activate CD1-restricted T cells during persistent virus infections. Sophisticated viral mechanisms subvert these immune responses and help the pathogens to avoid clearance from the host organism. CD1-restricted T cells are not only crucial for the antiviral host defense but may also contribute to tissue damage. This review highlights the two edged role of CD1-restricted T cells in persistent virus infections and summarizes the viral immune evasion mechanisms that target these fascinating immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Günther Schönrich
- Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin J Raftery
- Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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20
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Zhang X, Gu J, Zhou L, Mi QS. TIM-4 is expressed on invariant NKT cells but dispensable for their development and function. Oncotarget 2018; 7:71099-71111. [PMID: 27662666 PMCID: PMC5340118 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
T cell immunoglobulin and mucin-4 (TIM-4), mainly expressed on antigen presenting cells, plays a versatile role in immunoregulation. CD1d-restricted invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells are potent cells involved in the diverse immune responses. It was recently reported that recombinant TIM-4 (rTIM-4) alone enhanced cytokine production in NKT hybridoma, DN32.D3 cells. Hence, we hypothesized that TIM-4 might regulate iNKT cell biology, especially their function of cytokine secretion. For the first time, we identified that TIM-4 was expressed in thymus iNKT cells, and its expression increased upon iNKT cell migration to the secondary lymphoid organs, especially in lymph nodes. Using TIM-4-deficient mice, we found that lack of TIM-4 did not disturb iNKT cell development, maturation, peripheral homeostasis and cytokine secretion. Moreover, TIM-4 deficiency did not alter the polarization of iNKT sublineages, including NKT1, NKT2 and NKT17. Finally, the mixed bone marrow transfer experiments further confirmed normal iNKT cell development and function from TIM-4-deficient bone marrow. In conclusion, our data suggest that TIM-4 is expressed on iNKT cells but dispensable for their development and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xilin Zhang
- Henry Ford Immunology Program, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, United States of America.,Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, United States of America.,Department of Dermatology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Gu
- Department of Dermatology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Zhou
- Henry Ford Immunology Program, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, United States of America.,Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, United States of America.,Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, United States of America.,Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, MI, United States of America
| | - Qing-Sheng Mi
- Henry Ford Immunology Program, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, United States of America.,Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, United States of America.,Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, United States of America.,Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, MI, United States of America
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21
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Zhang X, Liu Q, Wang J, Li G, Weiland M, Yu FS, Mi QS, Gu J, Zhou L. TIM-4 is differentially expressed in the distinct subsets of dendritic cells in skin and skin-draining lymph nodes and controls skin Langerhans cell homeostasis. Oncotarget 2018; 7:37498-37512. [PMID: 27224924 PMCID: PMC5122327 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
T cell immunoglobulin and mucin-4 (TIM-4), mainly expressed on dendritic cells (DC) and macrophages, plays an essential role in regulating immune responses. Langerhans cells (LC), which are the sole DC subpopulation residing at the epidermis, are potent mediators of immune surveillance and tolerance. However, the significance of TIM-4 on epidermal LCs, along with other cutaneous DCs, remains totally unexplored. For the first time, we discovered that epidermal LCs expressed TIM-4 and displayed an increased level of TIM-4 expression upon migration. We also found that dermal CD207+ DCs and lymph node (LN) resident CD207−CD4+ DCs highly expressed TIM-4, while dermal CD207− DCs and LN CD207−CD4− DCs had limited TIM-4 expressions. Using TIM-4-deficient mice, we further demonstrated that loss of TIM-4 significantly upregulated the frequencies of epidermal LCs and LN resident CD207−CD4+ DCs. In spite of this, the epidermal LCs of TIM-4-deficient mice displayed normal phagocytic and migratory abilities, comparable maturation status upon the stimulation as well as normal repopulation under the inflamed state. Moreover, lack of TIM-4 did not affect dinitrofluorobenzene-induced contact hypersensitivity response. In conclusion, our results indicated that TIM-4 was differentially expressed in the distinct subsets of DCs in skin and skin-draining LNs, and specifically regulated epidermal LC and LN CD207−CD4+ DC homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xilin Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Second Military Medical University Changhai Hospital, Shanghai, China.,Henry Ford Immunology Program, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, United States of America.,Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, United States of America
| | - Queping Liu
- Henry Ford Immunology Program, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, United States of America.,Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, United States of America
| | - Jie Wang
- Henry Ford Immunology Program, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, United States of America.,Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, United States of America
| | - Guihua Li
- Henry Ford Immunology Program, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, United States of America.,Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, United States of America
| | - Matthew Weiland
- Henry Ford Immunology Program, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, United States of America.,Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, United States of America
| | - Fu-Shin Yu
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States of America
| | - Qing-Sheng Mi
- Henry Ford Immunology Program, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, United States of America.,Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, United States of America.,Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, United States of America
| | - Jun Gu
- Department of Dermatology, Second Military Medical University Changhai Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Zhou
- Henry Ford Immunology Program, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, United States of America.,Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, United States of America.,Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, United States of America
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22
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Ohno K, Kuno A, Murase H, Muratsubaki S, Miki T, Tanno M, Yano T, Ishikawa S, Yamashita T, Miura T. Diabetes increases the susceptibility to acute kidney injury after myocardial infarction through augmented activation of renal Toll-like receptors in rats. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2017; 313:H1130-H1142. [PMID: 28822965 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00205.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Revised: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) after acute myocardial infarction (MI) worsens the prognosis of MI patients. Although type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is a major risk factor of AKI after MI, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Here, we examined the roles of renal Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in the impact of DM on AKI after MI. MI was induced by coronary artery ligation in Otsuka-Long-Evans-Tokushima fatty (OLETF) rats, a rat DM model, and Long-Evans-Tokushima-Otsuka (LETO) rats, nondiabetic controls. Sham-operated rats served as no-MI controls. Renal mRNA levels of TLR2 and myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) were significantly higher in sham-operated OLETF rats than in sham-operated LETO rats, although levels of TLR1, TLR3, and TLR4 were similar. At 12 h after MI, protein levels of kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) in the kidney were elevated by 5.3- and 4.0-fold, respectively, and their mRNA levels were increased in OLETF but not LETO rats. The increased KIM-1 and NGAL expression levels after MI in the OLETF kidney were associated with upregulated expression of TLR1, TLR2, TLR4, MyD88, IL-6, TNF-α, chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2, and transforming growth factor-β1 and also with activation of p38 MAPK, JNK, and NF-κB. Cu-CPT22, a TLR1/TLR2 antagonist, administered before MI significantly suppressed MI-induced upregulation of KIM-1, TLR2, TLR4, MyD88, and chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 levels and activation of NF-κB, whereas NGAL levels and IL-6 and TNF-α expression levels were unchanged. The results suggest that DM increases the susceptibility to AKI after acute MI by augmented activation of renal TLRs and that TLR1/TLR2-mediated signaling mediates KIM-1 upregulation after MI.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This is the first report to demonstrate the involvement of Toll-like recpetors (TLRs) in diabetes-induced susceptibility to acute kidney injury after acute myocardial infarction. We propose that the TLR1/TLR2 heterodimer may be a new therapeutic target for the prevention of acute kidney injury in diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kouhei Ohno
- Department of Cardiovascular, Renal, and Metabolic Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan; and
| | - Atsushi Kuno
- Department of Cardiovascular, Renal, and Metabolic Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan; and.,Department of Pharmacology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hiromichi Murase
- Department of Cardiovascular, Renal, and Metabolic Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan; and
| | - Shingo Muratsubaki
- Department of Cardiovascular, Renal, and Metabolic Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan; and
| | - Takayuki Miki
- Department of Cardiovascular, Renal, and Metabolic Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan; and
| | - Masaya Tanno
- Department of Cardiovascular, Renal, and Metabolic Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan; and
| | - Toshiyuki Yano
- Department of Cardiovascular, Renal, and Metabolic Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan; and
| | - Satoko Ishikawa
- Department of Cardiovascular, Renal, and Metabolic Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan; and
| | - Tomohisa Yamashita
- Department of Cardiovascular, Renal, and Metabolic Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan; and
| | - Tetsuji Miura
- Department of Cardiovascular, Renal, and Metabolic Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan; and
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23
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Kishimoto W, Nishikori M, Arima H, Miyoshi H, Sasaki Y, Kitawaki T, Shirakawa K, Kato T, Imaizumi Y, Ishikawa T, Ohno H, Haga H, Ohshima K, Takaori-Kondo A. Expression of Tim-1 in primary CNS lymphoma. Cancer Med 2016; 5:3235-3245. [PMID: 27709813 PMCID: PMC5119979 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Revised: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) is a distinct subtype of extranodal lymphoma with aggressive clinical course and poor outcome. As increased IL‐10/IL‐6 ratio is recognized in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of PCNSL patients, we hypothesized that PCNSL might originate from a population of B cells with high IL‐10‐producing capacity, an equivalent of “regulatory B cells” in mice. We intended in this study to clarify whether Tim‐1, a molecule known as a marker for regulatory B cells in mice, is expressed in PCNSL. By immunohistochemical analysis, Tim‐1 was shown to be positive in as high as 54.2% of PCNSL (26 of 58 samples), while it was positive in 19.1% of systemic diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) samples (17 of 89 samples; P < 0.001). Tim‐1 expression positively correlated with IL‐10 expression in PCNSL (Cramer's V = 0.55, P < 0.001), and forced expression of Tim‐1 in a PCNSL cell line resulted in increased IL‐10 secretion, suggesting that Tim‐1 is functionally linked with IL‐10 production in PCNSL. Moreover, soluble Tim‐1 was detectable in the CSF of PCNSL patients, and was suggested to parallel disease activity. In summary, PCNSL is characterized by frequent Tim‐1 expression, and its soluble form in CSF may become a useful biomarker for PCNSL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wataru Kishimoto
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Momoko Nishikori
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Arima
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Miyoshi
- Department of Pathology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Asahimachi, Kurume, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yuya Sasaki
- Department of Pathology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Asahimachi, Kurume, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Toshio Kitawaki
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kotaro Shirakawa
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takeharu Kato
- Department of Hematology, Nagasaki University Hospital, Sakamoto, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Imaizumi
- Department of Hematology, Nagasaki University Hospital, Sakamoto, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Takayuki Ishikawa
- Department of Hematology, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Ohno
- Department of Hematology, Tenri Hospital, Mishima-cho, Tenri, Nara, Japan
| | - Hironori Haga
- Department of Pathology, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Koichi Ohshima
- Department of Pathology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Asahimachi, Kurume, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Akifumi Takaori-Kondo
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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24
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Yuan S, Cao L, Ling H, Dang M, Sun Y, Zhang X, Chen Y, Zhang L, Su D, Wang X, Rao Z. TIM-1 acts a dual-attachment receptor for Ebolavirus by interacting directly with viral GP and the PS on the viral envelope. Protein Cell 2016; 6:814-24. [PMID: 26487564 PMCID: PMC4624681 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-015-0220-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Ebolavirus can cause hemorrhagic fever in humans with a mortality rate of 50%–90%. Currently, no approved vaccines and antiviral therapies are available. Human TIM1 is considered as an attachment factor for EBOV, enhancing viral infection through interaction with PS located on the viral envelope. However, reasons underlying the preferable usage of hTIM-1, but not other PS binding receptors by filovirus, remain unknown. We firstly demonstrated a direct interaction between hTIM-1 and EBOV GP in vitro and determined the crystal structures of the Ig V domains of hTIM-1 and hTIM-4. The binding region in hTIM-1 to EBOV GP was mapped by chimeras and mutation assays, which were designed based on structural analysis. Pseudovirion infection assays performed using hTIM-1 and its homologs as well as point mutants verified the location of the GP binding site and the importance of EBOV GP-hTIM-1 interaction in EBOV cellular entry.
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25
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Expression profile of novel cell surface molecules on different subsets of human peripheral blood antigen-presenting cells. Clin Transl Immunology 2016; 5:e100. [PMID: 27766148 PMCID: PMC5050278 DOI: 10.1038/cti.2016.54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Revised: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Although major steps have been recently made in understanding the role of the distinct subsets of dendritic cells (DC)/antigen-presenting cells (APC), further studies are required to unravel their precise role, including in-depth immunophenotypic characterisation of these cells. Here, we used eight-colour flow cytometry to investigate the reactivity of a panel of 72 monoclonal antibodies (including those clustered in seven new Cluster of Differentiation, CD) on different subsets of APC in peripheral blood (PB) samples from five healthy adults. These experiments were performed in the context of the Tenth International Workshop on Human Leukocyte Differentiation Antigens (HLDA10). Plasmacytoid DC was the only cell population that expressed CD85g and CD195, whereas they lacked all of the other molecules investigated. In contrast, myeloid DC mostly expressed inhibitory C-type lectin receptors (CLRs) and other inhibitory-associated molecules, whereas monocytes expressed both inhibitory and activating CLRs, together with other phagocytosis-associated receptors. Within monocytes, progressively lower levels of expression were generally observed from classical monocytes (cMo) to SLAN- and SLAN+ non-classical monocytes (ncMo) for most of the molecules expressed, except for the CD368 endocytic receptor. This molecule was found to be positive only in cMo, and the CD369 and CD371 modulating/signalling receptors. In addition, the CD101 inhibitory molecule was found to be expressed at higher levels in SLAN+ vs SLAN- ncMo. In summary, the pattern of expression of the different signalling molecules and receptors analysed in this work varies among the distinct subsets of PB APCs, with similar profiles for molecules within each functional group. These findings suggest unique pattern-recognition and signalling capabilities for distinct subpopulations of APCs, and therefore, diverse functional roles.
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26
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Ebrahimi M, Kazemi T, Ganjalikhani-Hakemi M, Majidi J, Khanahmad H, Rahimmanesh I, Homayouni V, Kohpayeh S. Development of a Stable Cell Line, Overexpressing Human T-cell Immunoglobulin Mucin 1. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY 2015; 13:25-31. [PMID: 28959306 DOI: 10.15171/ijb.1350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent researches have demonstrated that human T-cell immunoglobulin mucin 1 (TIM-1) glycoprotein plays important roles in regulation of autoimmune and allergic diseases, as well as in tumor immunity and response to viral infections. Therefore, targeting TIM-1 could be a potential therapeutic approach against such diseases. OBJECTIVES In this study, we aimed to express TIM-1 protein on Human Embryonic kidney (HEK) 293T cell line in order to have an available source of the TIM-1 antigen. MATERIALS AND METHODS The cDNA was synthesized after RNA extraction from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and TIM-1 cDNA was amplified by PCR with specific primers. The PCR product was cloned in pcDNA™3.1/Hygro (+) and transformed in Escherichia coli TOP 10 F'. After cloning, authenticity of DNA sequence was checked and expressed in HEK 293T cells. Finally, expression of TIM-1 was analyzed by flow cytometry and real-time PCR. RESULTS The result of DNA sequencing demonstrated correctness of TIM-1 DNA sequence. The flow cytometry results indicated that TIM-1 was expressed in about 90% of transfected HEK 293T cells. The real-time PCR analysis showed TIM-1 mRNA expression increased 195-fold in transfected cells compared with un-transfected cells. CONCLUSIONS Findings of present study demonstrated the successful cloning and expression of TIM-1 on HEK 293T cells. These cells could be used as an immunogenic source for production of specific monoclonal antibodies, nanobodies and aptamers against human TIM-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Ebrahimi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Tohid Kazemi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Jafar Majidi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hossein Khanahmad
- Department of Genetic and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ilnaz Rahimmanesh
- Department of Genetic and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Vida Homayouni
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Shirin Kohpayeh
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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27
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Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells on Transplantation: Immunotherapy Based on Second Signal Blockage. J Immunol Res 2015; 2015:856707. [PMID: 26543876 PMCID: PMC4620289 DOI: 10.1155/2015/856707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Revised: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs), the most important professional antigen-presenting cells (APC), play crucial role in both immunity and tolerance. It is well known that DCs are able to mount immune responses against foreign antigens and simultaneously tolerate self-antigens. Since DCs can be modulated depending on the surrounding microenvironment, they can act as a bridge between innate and adaptive immunity. However, the mechanisms that support this dual role are not entirely clear. Recent studies have shown that DCs can be manipulated ex vivo in order to trigger their tolerogenic profile, what can be a tool to be used in clinical trials aiming the treatment of various diseases and the prevention of transplant rejection. In this sense, the blockage of costimulatory molecules on DC, in the attempt of inhibiting the second signal in the immunological synapse, can be considered as one of the main strategies under development. This review brings an update on current therapies using tolerogenic dendritic cells modulated with costimulatory blockers with the aim of reducing transplant rejection. However, although there are current clinical trials using tolerogenic DC to treat allograft rejection, the actual challenge is to modulate these cells in order to maintain a permanent tolerogenic profile.
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28
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Yang L, Brooks CR, Xiao S, Sabbisetti V, Yeung MY, Hsiao LL, Ichimura T, Kuchroo V, Bonventre JV. KIM-1-mediated phagocytosis reduces acute injury to the kidney. J Clin Invest 2015; 125:1620-36. [PMID: 25751064 DOI: 10.1172/jci75417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Kidney injury molecule 1 (KIM-1, also known as TIM-1) is markedly upregulated in the proximal tubule after injury and is maladaptive when chronically expressed. Here, we determined that early in the injury process, however, KIM-1 expression is antiinflammatory due to its mediation of phagocytic processes in tubule cells. Using various models of acute kidney injury (AKI) and mice expressing mutant forms of KIM-1, we demonstrated a mucin domain-dependent protective effect of epithelial KIM-1 expression that involves downregulation of innate immunity. Deletion of the mucin domain markedly impaired KIM-1-mediated phagocytic function, resulting in increased proinflammatory cytokine production, decreased antiinflammatory growth factor secretion by proximal epithelial cells, and a subsequent increase in tissue macrophages. Mice expressing KIM-1Δmucin had greater functional impairment, inflammatory responses, and mortality in response to ischemia- and cisplatin-induced AKI. Compared with primary renal proximal tubule cells isolated from KIM-1Δmucin mice, those from WT mice had reduced proinflammatory cytokine secretion and impaired macrophage activation. The antiinflammatory effect of KIM-1 expression was due to the interaction of KIM-1 with p85 and subsequent PI3K-dependent downmodulation of NF-κB. Hence, KIM-1-mediated epithelial cell phagocytosis of apoptotic cells protects the kidney after acute injury by downregulating innate immunity and inflammation.
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29
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Xiao S, Brooks CR, Sobel RA, Kuchroo VK. Tim-1 is essential for induction and maintenance of IL-10 in regulatory B cells and their regulation of tissue inflammation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 194:1602-8. [PMID: 25582854 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1402632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
T cell Ig and mucin domain (Tim)-1 identifies IL-10-producing regulatory B cells (Bregs). Mice on the C57BL/6 background harboring a loss-of-function Tim-1 mutant showed progressive loss of IL-10 production in B cells and with age developed severe multiorgan tissue inflammation. We demonstrate that Tim-1 expression and signaling in Bregs are required for optimal production of IL-10. B cells with Tim-1 defects have impaired IL-10 production but increased proinflammatory cytokine production, including IL-1 and IL-6. Tim-1-deficient B cells promote Th1 and Th17 responses but inhibit the generation of regulatory T cells (Foxp3(+) and IL-10-producing type 1 regulatory T cells) and enhance the severity of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Mechanistically, Tim-1 on Bregs is required for apoptotic cell (AC) binding to Bregs and for AC-induced IL-10 production in Bregs. Treatment with ACs reduces the severity of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in hosts with wild-type but not Tim-1-deficient Bregs. Collectively, these findings suggest that in addition to serving as a marker for identifying IL-10-producing Bregs, Tim-1 is also critical for maintaining self-tolerance by regulating IL-10 production in Bregs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Xiao
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115;
| | - Craig R Brooks
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Raymond A Sobel
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304; and Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Vijay K Kuchroo
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115;
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30
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Regulation of T cell trafficking by the T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain 1 glycoprotein. Trends Mol Med 2014; 20:675-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2014.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Revised: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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31
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Fang XY, Xu WD, Pan HF, Leng RX, Ye DQ. Novel insights into Tim-4 function in autoimmune diseases. Autoimmunity 2014; 48:189-95. [DOI: 10.3109/08916934.2014.983266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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32
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Kuroda M, Fujikura D, Noyori O, Kajihara M, Maruyama J, Miyamoto H, Yoshida R, Takada A. A polymorphism of the TIM-1 IgV domain: implications for the susceptibility to filovirus infection. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 455:223-8. [PMID: 25449273 PMCID: PMC7124303 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.10.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
TIM-1 genes were compared among African green monkey kidney cell lines. Vero E6-derived TIM-1 has increased potential to promote filovirus entry. The IgV domain is primarily involved in TIM-1-mediated filovirus entry. A single amino acid in the IgV domain is crucial for the increased ability of TIM-1. TIM-1 polymorphism may affect the cell susceptibility to filovirus infection.
Filoviruses, including Ebola and Marburg viruses, cause severe hemorrhagic fever in humans and nonhuman primates with mortality rates of up to 90%. Human T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain 1 (TIM-1) is one of the host proteins that have been shown to promote filovirus entry into cells. In this study, we cloned TIM-1 genes from three different African green monkey kidney cell lines (Vero E6, COS-1, and BSC-1) and found that TIM-1 of Vero E6 had a 23-amino acid deletion and 6 amino acid substitutions compared with those of COS-1 and BSC-1. Interestingly, Vero E6 TIM-1 had a greater ability to promote the infectivity of vesicular stomatitis viruses pseudotyped with filovirus glycoproteins than COS-1-derived TIM-1. We further found that the increased ability of Vero E6 TIM-1 to promote virus infectivity was most likely due to a single amino acid difference between these TIM-1s. These results suggest that a polymorphism of the TIM-1 molecules is one of the factors that influence cell susceptibility to filovirus infection, providing a new insight into the molecular basis for the filovirus host range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Kuroda
- Division of Global Epidemiology, Hokkaido University Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
| | - Daisuke Fujikura
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Hokkaido University Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
| | - Osamu Noyori
- Division of Global Epidemiology, Hokkaido University Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kajihara
- Division of Global Epidemiology, Hokkaido University Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
| | - Junki Maruyama
- Division of Global Epidemiology, Hokkaido University Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
| | - Hiroko Miyamoto
- Division of Global Epidemiology, Hokkaido University Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
| | - Reiko Yoshida
- Division of Global Epidemiology, Hokkaido University Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
| | - Ayato Takada
- Division of Global Epidemiology, Hokkaido University Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan; Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan; School of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Zambia, P.O. Box 32379, Lusaka, Zambia.
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Abstract
Accumulating evidence indicates that T-cell immunoglobulin (Ig) and mucin domain (TIM) proteins play critical roles in viral infections. Herein, we report that the TIM-family proteins strongly inhibit HIV-1 release, resulting in diminished viral production and replication. Expression of TIM-1 causes HIV-1 Gag and mature viral particles to accumulate on the plasma membrane. Mutation of the phosphatidylserine (PS) binding sites of TIM-1 abolishes its ability to block HIV-1 release. TIM-1, but to a much lesser extent PS-binding deficient mutants, induces PS flipping onto the cell surface; TIM-1 is also found to be incorporated into HIV-1 virions. Importantly, TIM-1 inhibits HIV-1 replication in CD4-positive Jurkat cells, despite its capability of up-regulating CD4 and promoting HIV-1 entry. In addition to TIM-1, TIM-3 and TIM-4 also block the release of HIV-1, as well as that of murine leukemia virus (MLV) and Ebola virus (EBOV); knockdown of TIM-3 in differentiated monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) enhances HIV-1 production. The inhibitory effects of TIM-family proteins on virus release are extended to other PS receptors, such as Axl and RAGE. Overall, our study uncovers a novel ability of TIM-family proteins to block the release of HIV-1 and other viruses by interaction with virion- and cell-associated PS. Our work provides new insights into a virus-cell interaction that is mediated by TIMs and PS receptors.
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35
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Angiari S, Donnarumma T, Rossi B, Dusi S, Pietronigro E, Zenaro E, Della Bianca V, Toffali L, Piacentino G, Budui S, Rennert P, Xiao S, Laudanna C, Casasnovas JM, Kuchroo VK, Constantin G. TIM-1 glycoprotein binds the adhesion receptor P-selectin and mediates T cell trafficking during inflammation and autoimmunity. Immunity 2014; 40:542-53. [PMID: 24703780 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2014.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2013] [Accepted: 03/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Selectins play a central role in leukocyte trafficking by mediating tethering and rolling on vascular surfaces. Here we have reported that T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain 1 (TIM-1) is a P-selectin ligand. We have shown that human and murine TIM-1 binds to P-selectin, and that TIM-1 mediates tethering and rolling of T helper 1 (Th1) and Th17, but not Th2 and regulatory T cells on P-selectin. Th1 and Th17 cells lacking the TIM-1 mucin domain showed reduced rolling in thrombin-activated mesenteric venules and inflamed brain microcirculation. Inhibition of TIM-1 had no effect on naive T cell homing, but it reduced T cell recruitment in a skin hypersensitivity model and blocked experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Uniquely, the TIM-1 immunoglobulin variable domain was also required for P-selectin binding. Our data demonstrate that TIM-1 is a major P-selectin ligand with a specialized role in T cell trafficking during inflammatory responses and the induction of autoimmune disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Angiari
- Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, University of Verona, Strada le Grazie 8, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Tiziano Donnarumma
- Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, University of Verona, Strada le Grazie 8, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Barbara Rossi
- Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, University of Verona, Strada le Grazie 8, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Silvia Dusi
- Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, University of Verona, Strada le Grazie 8, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Enrica Pietronigro
- Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, University of Verona, Strada le Grazie 8, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Elena Zenaro
- Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, University of Verona, Strada le Grazie 8, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Vittorina Della Bianca
- Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, University of Verona, Strada le Grazie 8, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Lara Toffali
- Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, University of Verona, Strada le Grazie 8, 37134 Verona, Italy; The Center for Biomedical Computing (CBMC), University of Verona, Strada le Grazie 8, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Gennj Piacentino
- Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, University of Verona, Strada le Grazie 8, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Simona Budui
- Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, University of Verona, Strada le Grazie 8, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Paul Rennert
- Department of Molecular Discovery and Immunobiology, Biogen Idec Inc., 12 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02146, USA
| | - Sheng Xiao
- Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, HIM 785, Boston, MA 02115-5817, USA
| | - Carlo Laudanna
- Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, University of Verona, Strada le Grazie 8, 37134 Verona, Italy; The Center for Biomedical Computing (CBMC), University of Verona, Strada le Grazie 8, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Jose M Casasnovas
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, CNB-CSIC, Campus UAM, C/ Darwin, 3, Campus of Cantoblanco, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Vijay K Kuchroo
- Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, HIM 785, Boston, MA 02115-5817, USA
| | - Gabriela Constantin
- Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, University of Verona, Strada le Grazie 8, 37134 Verona, Italy.
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Tan X, Jie Y, Zhang Y, Qin Y, Xu Q, Pan Z. Tim-1 blockade with RMT1-10 increases T regulatory cells and prolongs the survival of high-risk corneal allografts in mice. Exp Eye Res 2014; 122:86-93. [PMID: 24613782 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2014.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2013] [Revised: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 02/15/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Anti-Tim-1 monoclonal antibody (mAb) RMT1-10 is effective in promoting allograft survival through blocking Tim-1. However, its role in corneal transplantation is unclear. This study aims to evaluate the effect of RMT1-10 on high-risk corneal transplantation. BALB/c mice were transplanted with corneal grafts from C57BL/6 mice and intraperitoneally injected with RMT1-10 or isotype IgG. The transparency of corneal graft was evaluated by slit lamp biomicroscopy. Flow cytometry was used to determine the phenotype of CD4(+) T cells, including CD154, Tim-3, CD25 and Foxp3, and to analyze the proliferation capacity of CD4(+) T cells and the suppressive capacity of T regulatory (Treg) cells. The levels of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), IL-4 and transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-β1) were investigated by intracellular staining and/or ELISA assay. The delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) response was evaluated by ear swelling assay. RMT1-10 therapy delayed the onset of rejection and significantly prolonged the survival of corneal allograft. In RMT1-10 treated mice, percentages of CD4(+)CD154(+) cells and CD4(+)Tim-3(+) cells were significantly decreased while the frequency of CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) Treg cells was significantly up-regulated, compared with those of isotype IgG treated mice. And, in vitro proliferation of CD4(+) T cells was significantly inhibited by RMT1-10. In addition, percentage of intracellular expression of IFN-γ and IL-4 in CD4(+) T cells isolated from RMT1-10 treated mice was significantly reduced. After co-culturing with RMT1-10 in vitro, CD4(+) T cells produced significantly decreased levels of IFN-γ and IL-4 and significantly increased levels of TGF-β1. Furthermore, RMT1-10 inhibited DTH response of recipient mice and enhanced the suppressive capacity of Treg cells isolated from RMT1-10 treated mice. Our data indicate that Tim-1 blockade with RMT1-10 could suppress immunological rejection and prolong the survival of corneal allograft through regulating T cell responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Tan
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmic and Visual Science Key Laboratory, Beijing 100730, PR China; Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College, Chengde 067000, PR China
| | - Ying Jie
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmic and Visual Science Key Laboratory, Beijing 100730, PR China
| | - Yingnan Zhang
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmic and Visual Science Key Laboratory, Beijing 100730, PR China
| | - Yi Qin
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmic and Visual Science Key Laboratory, Beijing 100730, PR China
| | - Qing Xu
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmic and Visual Science Key Laboratory, Beijing 100730, PR China
| | - Zhiqiang Pan
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmic and Visual Science Key Laboratory, Beijing 100730, PR China.
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Zhang XM, Shan NN, Sun M, Wang X, Feng XM, Liu X, Li Y, Yuan D, Ding M. Imbalanced expression of human Tim-1 and Tim-3 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from immune thrombocytopenia patients. Int Immunopharmacol 2014; 19:1-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2013.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2013] [Revised: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 12/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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38
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Ajay AK, Kim TM, Ramirez-Gonzalez V, Park PJ, Frank DA, Vaidya VS. A bioinformatics approach identifies signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 and checkpoint kinase 1 as upstream regulators of kidney injury molecule-1 after kidney injury. J Am Soc Nephrol 2013; 25:105-18. [PMID: 24158981 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2013020161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1)/T cell Ig and mucin domain-containing protein-1 (TIM-1) is upregulated more than other proteins after AKI, and it is highly expressed in renal damage of various etiologies. In this capacity, KIM-1/TIM-1 acts as a phosphatidylserine receptor on the surface of injured proximal tubular epithelial cells, mediating phagocytosis of apoptotic cells, and it may also act as a costimulatory molecule for immune cells. Despite recognition of KIM-1 as an important therapeutic target for kidney disease, the regulators of KIM-1 transcription in the kidney remain unknown. Using a bioinformatics approach, we identified upstream regulators of KIM-1 after AKI. In response to tubular injury in rat and human kidneys or oxidant stress in human proximal tubular epithelial cells (HPTECs), KIM-1 expression increased significantly in a manner that corresponded temporally and regionally with increased phosphorylation of checkpoint kinase 1 (Chk1) and STAT3. Both ischemic and oxidant stress resulted in a dramatic increase in reactive oxygen species that phosphorylated and activated Chk1, which subsequently bound to STAT3, phosphorylating it at S727. Furthermore, STAT3 bound to the KIM-1 promoter after ischemic and oxidant stress, and pharmacological or genetic induction of STAT3 in HPTECs increased KIM-1 mRNA and protein levels. Conversely, inhibition of STAT3 using siRNAs or dominant negative mutants reduced KIM-1 expression in a kidney cancer cell line (769-P) that expresses high basal levels of KIM-1. These observations highlight Chk1 and STAT3 as critical upstream regulators of KIM-1 expression after AKI and may suggest novel approaches for therapeutic intervention.
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Humphreys BD, Xu F, Sabbisetti V, Grgic I, Movahedi Naini S, Wang N, Chen G, Xiao S, Patel D, Henderson JM, Ichimura T, Mou S, Soeung S, McMahon AP, Kuchroo VK, Bonventre JV. Chronic epithelial kidney injury molecule-1 expression causes murine kidney fibrosis. J Clin Invest 2013; 123:4023-35. [PMID: 23979159 DOI: 10.1172/jci45361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 255] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2012] [Accepted: 06/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury predisposes patients to the development of both chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal failure, but the molecular details underlying this important clinical association remain obscure. We report that kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), an epithelial phosphatidylserine receptor expressed transiently after acute injury and chronically in fibrotic renal disease, promotes kidney fibrosis. Conditional expression of KIM-1 in renal epithelial cells (Kim1(RECtg)) in the absence of an injury stimulus resulted in focal epithelial vacuolization at birth, but otherwise normal tubule histology and kidney function. By 4 weeks of age, Kim1(RECtg) mice developed spontaneous and progressive interstitial kidney inflammation with fibrosis, leading to renal failure with anemia, proteinuria, hyperphosphatemia, hypertension, cardiac hypertrophy, and death, analogous to progressive kidney disease in humans. Kim1(RECtg) kidneys had elevated expression of proinflammatory monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) at early time points. Heterologous expression of KIM-1 in an immortalized proximal tubule cell line triggered MCP-1 secretion and increased MCP-1-dependent macrophage chemotaxis. In mice expressing a mutant, truncated KIM-1 polypeptide, experimental kidney fibrosis was ameliorated with reduced levels of MCP-1, consistent with a profibrotic role for native KIM-1. Thus, sustained KIM-1 expression promotes kidney fibrosis and provides a link between acute and recurrent injury with progressive chronic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin D Humphreys
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
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Jin ZK, Tian PX, Wang XZ, Xue WJ, Ding XM, Zheng J, Ding CG, Mao TC, Duan WL, Xi M. Kidney injury molecule-1 and osteopontin: New markers for prediction of early kidney transplant rejection. Mol Immunol 2013; 54:457-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2013.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2012] [Revised: 01/26/2013] [Accepted: 01/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Abstract
The cell surface receptor T cell immunoglobulin mucin domain 1 (TIM-1) dramatically enhances filovirus infection of epithelial cells. Here, we showed that key phosphatidylserine (PtdSer) binding residues of the TIM-1 IgV domain are critical for Ebola virus (EBOV) entry through direct interaction with PtdSer on the viral envelope. PtdSer liposomes but not phosphatidylcholine liposomes competed with TIM-1 for EBOV pseudovirion binding and transduction. Further, annexin V (AnxV) substituted for the TIM-1 IgV domain, supporting a PtdSer-dependent mechanism. Our findings suggest that TIM-1-dependent uptake of EBOV occurs by apoptotic mimicry. Additionally, TIM-1 enhanced infection of a wide range of enveloped viruses, including alphaviruses and a baculovirus. As further evidence of the critical role of enveloped-virion-associated PtdSer in TIM-1-mediated uptake, TIM-1 enhanced internalization of pseudovirions and virus-like proteins (VLPs) lacking a glycoprotein, providing evidence that TIM-1 and PtdSer-binding receptors can mediate virus uptake independent of a glycoprotein. These results provide evidence for a broad role of TIM-1 as a PtdSer-binding receptor that mediates enveloped-virus uptake. Utilization of PtdSer-binding receptors may explain the wide tropism of many of these viruses and provide new avenues for controlling their virulence.
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Huang B, Liu M, Huang S, Wu B, Guo H, Su XZ, Lu F. Expression of Tim-1 and Tim-3 in Plasmodium berghei ANKA infection. Parasitol Res 2013; 112:2713-9. [PMID: 23653017 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-013-3442-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2013] [Accepted: 04/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral malaria (CM) is a serious and often fatal complication of Plasmodium falciparum infections; however, the precise mechanisms leading to CM is poorly understood. Mouse malaria models have provided insight into the key events in pathogenesis of CM. T-cell immune response is known to play an important role in malaria infection, and members of the T-cell immunoglobulin- and mucin-domain-containing molecule (Tim) family have roles in T-cell-mediated immune responses. Tim-1 and Tim-3 are expressed on terminally differentiated Th2 and Th1 cells, respectively, and participate in the regulation of Th immune response. Until now, the role of Tim family proteins in Plasmodium infection remains unclear. In the present study, the mRNA levels of Tim-1, Tim-3, and some key Th1 and Th2 cytokines in the spleen of Kunming outbred mice infected with Plasmodium berghei ANKA (PbANKA) were determined using real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Compared with uninfected controls, Tim-1 expression was significantly decreased in infected mice with CM at day 10 postinfection (p.i.) but significantly increased in infected mice with non-CM at day 22 p.i.; in contrast, Tim-3 expression was significantly increased in infected mice both with CM at day 10 p.i. and with non-CM at day 22 p.i. The expressions of IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-10, and IL-12 were significantly increased but IL-4 was significantly decreased in infected mice with CM at days 10 p.i., whereas the expressions of IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-4, IL-10, and TGF-β were significantly increased but IL-12 was significantly decreased in infected mice with non-CM at days 22 p.i. Furthermore, the expression of Tim-1 and Tim-3 could reflect Th2 and Th1 immune response in the spleen of PbANKA-infected mice, respectively. Our data suggest that PbANKA infection could inhibit the differentiation of T lymphocytes toward Th2 cells, promote the Th1 cell differentiation, and induce Th1-biased immune response in the early infective stage, whereas the infection could promote Th2 cell differentiation and induce Th2-biased immune response in the late infective stage. Our data indicate that both Tim-1 and Tim-3 may play a role in the process of PbANKA infection, which may represent a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Huang
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510080, China
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Li J, Cao D, Guo G, Wu Y, Chen Y. Expression and anatomical distribution of TIM-containing molecules in Langerhans cell sarcoma. J Mol Histol 2012; 44:213-20. [PMID: 23264111 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-012-9475-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2012] [Accepted: 12/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Signals from the T cell immunoglobulin and mucin-domain (TIM)-containing molecules have been demonstrated to be involved in regulating the progress of carcinoma. However, the expression and anatomical distribution of TIMs in Langerhans cell sarcoma (LCS), which is a rare malignancy derived from dendritic cells of the epidermis, has yet to be determined. In this study, the expression of TIM-1, TIM-3 and TIM-4 in LCS samples were detected by immunohistochemistry. Our results showed that these three molecules were found in LCS sections. At the cellular level, these molecules were found on the cell membrane and in the cytoplasm. Immunofluorescence double-staining demonstrated that these TIMs were co-expressed with Langerin, a potential biomarker for detecting LCS. In addition, TIM-1 was also expressed on CD68(+) macrophages and CK-18(+) epithelial cells, while TIM-3 and TIM-4 were expressed on all cell types investigated, including CD3(+)T cells, CD68(+) macrophages, CD11c(+) dendritic cells, CD16(+) NK Cells, CD31(+) endothelial cells and CK-18(+) epithelial cells. Interestingly, TIMs were also co-expressed with some members of the B7 superfamily, including B7-H1, B7-H3 and B7-H4 on sarcoma cells. Our results clearly showed the characteristic expression and anatomical distribution of TIMs in LCS, and a clear understanding of their functional roles may further elucidate the pathogenesis of this carcinoma and potentially contribute to the development of novel immunotherapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwei Li
- Institute of Immunology, PLA, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, People's Republic of China
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Curtiss ML, Gorman JV, Businga TR, Traver G, Singh M, Meyerholz DK, Kline JN, Murphy AJ, Valenzuela DM, Colgan JD, Rothman PB, Cassel SL. Tim-1 regulates Th2 responses in an airway hypersensitivity model. Eur J Immunol 2012; 42:651-61. [PMID: 22144095 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201141581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
T-cell immunoglobulin mucin-1 (Tim-1) is a transmembrane protein postulated to be a key regulator of Th2-type immune responses. This hypothesis is based in part upon genetic studies associating Tim-1 polymorphisms in mice with a bias toward airway hyperrespon-siveness (AHR) and the development of Th2-type CD4(+) T cells. Tim-1 expressed by Th2 CD4(+) T cells has been proposed to function as a co-stimulatory molecule. Tim-1 is also expressed by B cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells, but its role in responses by these cell types has not been firmly established. Here, we generated Tim-1-deficient mice to determine the role of Tim-1 in a murine model of allergic airway disease that depends on the development and function of Th2 effector cells and results in the generation of AHR. We found antigen-driven recruitment of inflammatory cells into airways is increased in Tim-1-deficient mice relative to WT mice. In addition, we observed increased antigen-specific cytokine production by splenocytes from antigen-sensitized Tim-1-deficient mice relative to those from controls. These data support the conclusion that Tim-1 functions in pathways that suppress recruitment of inflammatory cells into the airways and the generation or activity of CD4(+) T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miranda L Curtiss
- University of Iowa Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
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Defect in regulatory B-cell function and development of systemic autoimmunity in T-cell Ig mucin 1 (Tim-1) mucin domain-mutant mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2012; 109:12105-10. [PMID: 22773818 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1120914109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Tim-1, a type I transmembrane glycoprotein, consists of an IgV domain and a mucin domain. The IgV domain is essential for binding Tim-1 to its ligands, but little is known about the role of the mucin domain, even though genetic association of TIM-1 with atopy/asthma has been linked to the length of mucin domain. We generated a Tim-1-mutant mouse (Tim-1(Δmucin)) in which the mucin domain was deleted genetically. The mutant mice showed a profound defect in IL-10 production from regulatory B cells (Bregs). Associated with the loss of IL-10 production in B cells, older Tim-1(Δmucin) mice developed spontaneous autoimmunity associated with hyperactive T cells, with increased production of IFN-γ and elevated serum levels of Ig and autoantibodies. However, Tim-1(Δmucin) mice did not develop frank systemic autoimmune disease unless they were crossed onto the Fas-mutant lpr mice on a C57BL/6 background. Tim-1(Δmucin)lpr mice developed accelerated and fulminant systemic autoimmunity with accumulation of abnormal double-negative T cells and autoantibodies to a number of lupus-associated autoantigens. Thus, Tim-1 plays a critical role in maintaining suppressive Breg function, and our data also demonstrate an unexpected role of the Tim-1 mucin domain in regulating Breg function and maintaining self-tolerance.
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Abstract
Kim-1/Tim-1 is an apoptotic-cell phagocytosis and scavenger receptor that is most highly upregulated in proximal tubular epithelium in acute and chronic kidney injury. While Kim-1/Tim-1 has been proposed to be a costimulatory molecule for immune cells, its potential immunological role has been controversial. In the presence of very high epithelial cell expression, understanding the influence of immune cell Kim-1/Tim-1 expression in kidney injury relies on a better definition of its functional significance in immune cells and better characterization of antibodies used to probe function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takaharu Ichimura
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA.
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