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Cui K, Tang X, Yang B, Fan M, Hu A, Wu P, Yang F, Lin J, Kong H, Lu X, Yu S, Xu Y, Liang X. Sema4D Knockout Attenuates Choroidal Neovascularization by Inhibiting M2 Macrophage Polarization Via Regulation of the RhoA/ROCK Pathway. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2024; 65:34. [PMID: 38913005 PMCID: PMC11204059 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.65.6.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose The aim of this study was to elucidate the role of Sema4D in the pathogenesis of senescence-associated choroidal neovascularization (CNV) and to explore its underlying mechanisms. Methods In this study, we utilized a model of laser-induced CNV in both young (3 months old) and old (18 months old) mice, including those with or without Sema4D knockout. The expression and localization of Sema4D in CNV were assessed using PCR, Western blot, and immunostaining. Subsequently, the morphological and imaging examinations were used to evaluate the size of CNV and vascular leakage. Finally, the expression of M2 markers, senescence-related markers, and molecules involved in the RhoA/ROCK pathway was detected. Results We found that Sema4D was predominantly expressed in macrophages within CNV lesions, and both the mRNA and protein levels of Sema4D progressively increased following laser photocoagulation, a trend more pronounced in old mice. Moreover, Sema4D knockout markedly inhibited M2 polarization in senescent macrophages and reduced the size and leakage of CNV, particularly in aged mice. Mechanistically, aging was found to upregulate RhoA/ROCK signaling, and knockout of Sema4D effectively suppressed the activation of this pathway, with more significant effects observed in aged mice. Conclusions Our findings revealed that the deletion of Sema4D markedly inhibited M2 macrophage polarization through the suppression of the RhoA/ROCK pathway, ultimately leading to the attenuation of senescence-associated CNV. These data indicate that targeting Sema4D could offer a promising approach for gene editing therapy in patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaixuan Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyu Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Boyu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Matthew Fan
- Yale College, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
| | - Andina Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peiqi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fengmei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jicheng Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haolin Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xi Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shanshan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yue Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoling Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
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Monteiro MM, Gomes CC, Cruz MC, Horliana ACRT, Hamassaki DE, Lima CR, Santos MF. High glucose impairs human periodontal ligament cells migration through lowered microRNAs 221 and 222. J Periodontal Res 2024; 59:336-345. [PMID: 38041212 DOI: 10.1111/jre.13217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of miR-221 and miR-222 and high glucose on human periodontal ligament (PL) cells morphology, cytoskeleton, adhesion, and migration. BACKGROUND Chronic hyperglycemia is common in uncontrolled diabetes mellitus (DM) and plays a central role in long-term DM complications, such as impaired periodontal healing. We have previously shown that high glucose increases apoptosis of human PL cells by inhibiting miR-221 and miR-222 and consequently augmenting their target caspase-3. However, other effects of miR-221/222 downregulation on PL cells are still unknown. METHODS Cells from young humans' premolar teeth were cultured for 7 days under 5 or 30 mM glucose. Directional and spontaneous migration on fibronectin were studied using transwell and time-lapse assays, respectively. F-actin staining was employed to study cell morphology and the actin cytoskeleton. MiR-221 and miR-222 were inhibited using antagomiRs, and their expressions were evaluated by real-time RT-PCR. RESULTS High glucose inhibited PL cells early adhesion, spreading, and migration on fibronectin. Cells exposed to high glucose showed reduced polarization, velocity, and directionality. They formed several simultaneous unstable and short-lived protrusions, suggesting impairment of adhesion maturation. MiR-221 and miR-222 inhibition also reduced migration, decreasing cell directionality but not significantly cell velocity. After miR-221 and miR-222 downregulation cells showed morphological resemblance with cells exposed to high glucose. CONCLUSION High glucose impairs human PL cells migration potentially through a mechanism involving reduction of microRNA-221 and microRNA-222 expression. These effects may contribute to the impairment of periodontal healing, especially after surgery and during guided regeneration therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Marin Monteiro
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cibele Crastequini Gomes
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mario Costa Cruz
- Center of Facilities for Research Support (CEFAP-USP), Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Dânia Emi Hamassaki
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cilene Rebouças Lima
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marinilce F Santos
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Wang H, Chen S, Tang Y, Nie K, Gao Y, Wang Z, Su H, Wu F, Gong J, Fang K, Dong H, Hu M. Berberine promotes lacteal junction zippering and ameliorates diet-induced obesity through the RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 124:155268. [PMID: 38176265 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.155268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity has emerged as a global epidemic. Recent research has indicated that diet-induced obesity can be prevented by promoting lacteal junction zippering. Berberine, which is derived from natural plants, is found to be promising in weight reduction, but the underlying mechanism remains unspecified. PURPOSE To determine whether berberine protects against obesity by regulating the lacteal junction and to explore potential molecular mechanisms. METHODS Following the induction of the diet-induced obese (DIO) model, mice were administered low and high doses of berberine for 4 weeks. Indicators associated with insulin resistance and lipid metabolism were examined. Various methods, such as Oil Red O staining, transmission electron microscopy imaging, confocal imaging and others were used to observe the effects of berberine on lipid absorption and the lacteal junction. In vitro, human dermal lymphatic endothelial cells (HDLECs) were used to investigate the effect of berberine on LEC junctions. Western Blot and immunostaining were applied to determine the expression levels of relevant molecules. RESULTS Both low and high doses of berberine reduced body weight in DIO mice without appetite suppression and ameliorated glucolipid metabolism disorders. We also found that the weight loss effect of berberine might contribute to the inhibition of small intestinal lipid absorption. The possible mechanism was related to the promotion of lacteal junction zippering via suppressing the ras homolog gene family member A (RhoA)/Rho-associated kinase (ROCK) signaling pathway. In vitro, berberine also promoted the formation of stable mature junctions in HDLECs, involving the same signaling pathway. CONCLUSION Berberine could promote lacteal junction zippering and ameliorate diet-induced obesity through the RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongzhan Wang
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shen Chen
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yueheng Tang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kexin Nie
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yang Gao
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhi Wang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hao Su
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fan Wu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Gong
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ke Fang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hui Dong
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Meilin Hu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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Li XX, Xu JK, Su WJ, Wu HL, Zhao K, Zhang CM, Chen XK, Yang LX. The role of KDM4A-mediated histone methylation on temozolomide resistance in glioma cells through the HUWE1/ROCK2 axis. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2024; 40:161-174. [PMID: 37873881 DOI: 10.1002/kjm2.12768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Temozolomide (TMZ) resistance presents a significant challenge in the treatment of gliomas. Although lysine demethylase 4A (KDM4A) has been implicated in various cancer-related processes, its role in TMZ resistance remains unclear. This study aims to elucidate the contribution of KDM4A to TMZ resistance in glioma cells and its potential implications for glioma prognosis. We assessed the expression of KDM4A in glioma cells (T98G and U251MG) using qRT-PCR and Western blot assays. To explore the role of KDM4A in TMZ resistance, we transfected siRNA targeting KDM4A into drug-resistant glioma cells. Cell viability was assessed using the CCK-8 assay and the TMZ IC50 value was determined. ChIP assays were conducted to investigate KDM4A, H3K9me3, and H3K36me3 enrichment on the promoters of ROCK2 and HUWE1. Co-immunoprecipitation confirmed the interaction between HUWE1 and ROCK2, and we examined the levels of ROCK2 ubiquitination following MG132 treatment. Notably, T98G cells exhibited greater resistance to TMZ than U251MG cells, and KDM4A displayed high expression in T98G cells. Inhibiting KDM4A resulted in decreased cell viability and a reduction in the TMZ IC50 value. Mechanistically, KDM4A promoted ROCK2 transcription by modulating H3K9me3 levels. Moreover, disruption of the interaction between HUWE1 and ROCK2 led to reduced ROCK2 ubiquitination. Inhibition of HUWE1 or overexpression of ROCK2 counteracted the sensitization effect of si-KDM4A on TMZ responsiveness in T98G cells. Our findings highlight KDM4A's role in enhancing TMZ resistance in glioma cells by modulating ROCK2 and HUWE1 transcription and expression through H3K9me3 and H3K36me3 removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Xi Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sun Yat-sen University 1st Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jia-Kun Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sun Yat-sen University 1st Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei-Jie Su
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sun Yat-sen University 1st Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong-Lin Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sun Yat-sen University 1st Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kun Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sun Yat-sen University 1st Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chang-Ming Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sun Yat-sen University 1st Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiang-Kun Chen
- Department of Emergency, The First People's Hospital of Suqian, Suqian, China
| | - Li-Xuan Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sun Yat-sen University 1st Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou, China
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Zhao J, Zhao Q, Duan Q. Circ_0114428 knockdown inhibits ROCK2 expression to assuage lipopolysaccharide-induced human pulmonary alveolar epithelial cell injury through miR-574-5p. J Physiol Sci 2024; 74:5. [PMID: 38297223 PMCID: PMC10829305 DOI: 10.1186/s12576-023-00891-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sepsis-induced acute lung injury (ALI) accounts for about 40% of ALI, accompanied by alveolar epithelial injury. The study aimed to reveal the role of circular RNA_0114428 (circ_0114428) in sepsis-induced ALI. METHODS Human pulmonary alveolar epithelial cells (HPAEpiCs) were treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to mimic a sepsis-induced ALI cell model. RNA expression of circ_0114428, miR-574-5p and Rho-associated coiled-coil containing protein kinase 2 (ROCK2) was detected by qRT-PCR. Protein expression was checked by Western blotting. Cell viability, proliferation and apoptosis were investigated by cell counting kit-8, 5-Ethynyl-29-deoxyuridine (EdU) and flow cytometry analysis, respectively. The levels of pro-inflammatory factors were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Oxidative stress was analyzed by lipid peroxidation Malondialdehyde (MDA) and Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) activity detection assays. The interplay among circ_0114428, miR-574-5p and ROCK2 was identified by dual-luciferase reporter, RNA pull-down and RNA immunoprecipitation assays. RESULTS Circ_0114428 and ROCK2 expression were significantly increased, but miR-574-5p was decreased in blood samples from sepsis patients and LPS-stimulated HPAEpiCs. LPS treatment led to decreased cell viability and proliferation and increased cell apoptosis, inflammation and oxidative stress; however, these effects were relieved after circ_0114428 knockdown. Besides, circ_0114428 acted as a miR-574-5p sponge and regulated LPS-treated HPAEpiC disorders through miR-574-5p. Meanwhile, ROCK2 was identified as a miR-574-5p target, and its silencing protected against LPS-induced cell injury. Importantly, circ_0114428 knockdown inhibited ROCK2 production by interacting with miR-574-5p. CONCLUSION Circ_0114428 knockdown protected against LPS-induced HPAEpiC injury through miR-574-5p/ROCK2 axis, providing a novel therapeutic target in sepsis-induced ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Yantai City Yantaishan Hospital, Keji Avenue, Laishan District, Yantai, 10087, Shandong, China
| | - Qin Zhao
- Emergency Internal Medicine Department, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Qiuxia Duan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Third People's Hospital of Qingdao, No. 29 Yongping Road, Licang District, Qingdao, 266000, Shandong, China.
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Liu Y, Wang S, Wei S, Qiu X, Mei Y, Yan L. The promotive role of lncRNA MIR205HG in proliferation, invasion, and migration of melanoma cells via the JMJD2C/ALKBH5 axis. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0290986. [PMID: 38252669 PMCID: PMC10802967 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0290986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is a highly malignant skin cancer. This study aimed to investigate the role of long non-coding RNA MIR205 host gene (lncRNA MIR205HG) in proliferation, invasion, and migration of melanoma cells via jumonji domain containing 2C (JMJD2C) and ALKB homolog 5 (ALKBH5). Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction or Western blot assay showed that MIR205HG, JMJD2C, and ALKBH5 were increased in melanoma cell lines. Cell counting kit-8, colony formation, and Transwell assays showed that silencing MIR205HG inhibited proliferation, invasion, and migration of melanoma cells. RNA immunoprecipitation, actinomycin D treatment, and chromatin immunoprecipitation showed that MIR205HG may bind to human antigen R (HuR, ELAVL1) and stabilized JMJD2C expression, and JMJD2C may increase the enrichment of H3K9me3 in the ALKBH5 promotor region to promote ALKBH5 transcription. The tumor xenograft assay based on subcutaneous injection of sh-MIR205HG-treated melanoma cells showed that silencing MIR205HG suppressed tumor growth and reduced Ki67 positive rate by inactivating the JMJD2C/ALKBH5 axis. Generally, MIR205HG facilitated proliferation, invasion, and migration of melanoma cells through HuR-mediated stabilization of JMJD2C and increasing ALKBH5 transcription by erasing H3K9me3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujing Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Suihai Wang
- School of Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shanshan Wei
- Department of Dermatology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xianwen Qiu
- Department of Dermatology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yijie Mei
- Department of Dermatology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lu Yan
- Department of Dermatology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Fan W, Wei B, Chen X, Zhang Y, Xiao P, Li K, Zhang YQ, Huang J, Leng L, Bucala R. Potential role of RhoA GTPase regulation in type interferon signaling in systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Res Ther 2024; 26:31. [PMID: 38243295 PMCID: PMC10799493 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-024-03263-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by abnormal activation of the type I interferon (IFN) pathway, which results in tissue inflammation and organ damage. We explored the role of the RhoA GTPase in the type I IFN activation pathway to provide a potential basis for targeting GTPase signaling for the treatment of SLE. METHODS Total RNA was extracted from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of SLE patients and healthy controls, and the mRNA expression levels of RhoA and IFN-stimulated genes were measured by SYBR Green quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. IFN-a-stimulated response element (ISRE)-luciferase reporter gene assays and Western blotting were conducted to assess the biologic function of RhoA. An enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) measured C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10 (CXCL10) protein expression. RESULTS Our studies demonstrate that the expression of RhoA in the PBMCs of SLE subjects was significantly higher than in healthy controls and positively correlated with type I IFN scores and type I IFN-stimulated gene (ISGs) expression levels. SiRNA-mediated knockdown of RhoA and the RhoA/ROCK inhibitor Y27632 reduced the activity of the type I IFN-induced ISRE, the signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT-1) phosphorylation, and the expression of CXCL10 and 2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthetase 1 (OAS1). Finally, we verified that Y27632 could significantly down-regulate the OAS1 and CXCL10 expression levels in the PBMCs of SLE patients. CONCLUSION Our study shows that RhoA positively regulates the activation of the type I IFN response pathway. Reducing the expression level of RhoA inhibits the abnormal activation of the type I IFN system, and the RhoA/ROCK inhibitor Y27632 decreases aberrant type I IFN signaling in SLE PBMCs, suggesting the possibility of targeting the RhoA GTPase for the treatment of SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Fan
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, 361021, China.
| | - Bo Wei
- Department of Rheumatology, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361000, China
| | - Xuyan Chen
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Pingping Xiao
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Kaiyan Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Yi Qin Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Jinmei Huang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Lin Leng
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Richard Bucala
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA.
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Xu X, Yao L. Recent advances in the development of Rho kinase inhibitors (2015-2021). Med Res Rev 2024; 44:406-421. [PMID: 37265266 DOI: 10.1002/med.21980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Rho-associated coiled-coil kinases (ROCKs) are key downstream effectors of small GTPases. ROCK plays a central role in diverse cellular events with accumulating evidence supporting the concept that ROCK is important in tumor development and progression. Numerous ROCK inhibitors have been investigated for their therapeutic potential in the treatment of cancers. In this article, we review recent research progress on ROCK inhibitors, especially those with potential for the treatment of cancers, reported in the literature from 2015 to 2021. Most ROCK inhibitors show potent in vitro and in vivo antitumor activities and have potential in the treatment of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangrong Xu
- Yantai University Hospital, Yantai University, Yantai, China
| | - Lei Yao
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, China
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Shi J, Yang C, Zhang J, Zhao K, Li P, Kong C, Wu X, Sun H, Zheng R, Sun W, Chen L, Kong X. NAT10 Is Involved in Cardiac Remodeling Through ac4C-Mediated Transcriptomic Regulation. Circ Res 2023; 133:989-1002. [PMID: 37955115 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.122.322244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heart failure, characterized by cardiac remodeling, is associated with abnormal epigenetic processes and aberrant gene expression. Here, we aimed to elucidate the effects and mechanisms of NAT10 (N-acetyltransferase 10)-mediated N4-acetylcytidine (ac4C) acetylation during cardiac remodeling. METHODS NAT10 and ac4C expression were detected in both human and mouse subjects with cardiac remodeling through multiple assays. Subsequently, acetylated RNA immunoprecipitation and sequencing, thiol-linked alkylation for the metabolic sequencing of RNA (SLAM-seq), and ribosome sequencing (Ribo-seq) were employed to elucidate the role of ac4C-modified posttranscriptional regulation in cardiac remodeling. Additionally, functional experiments involving the overexpression or knockdown of NAT10 were conducted in mice models challenged with Ang II (angiotensin II) and transverse aortic constriction. RESULTS NAT10 expression and RNA ac4C levels were increased in in vitro and in vivo cardiac remodeling models, as well as in patients with cardiac hypertrophy. Silencing and inhibiting NAT10 attenuated Ang II-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and cardiofibroblast activation. Next-generation sequencing revealed ac4C changes in both mice and humans with cardiac hypertrophy were associated with changes in global mRNA abundance, stability, and translation efficiency. Mechanistically, NAT10 could enhance the stability and translation efficiency of CD47 and ROCK2 transcripts by upregulating their mRNA ac4C modification, thereby resulting in an increase in their protein expression during cardiac remodeling. Furthermore, the administration of Remodelin, a NAT10 inhibitor, has been shown to prevent cardiac functional impairments in mice subjected to transverse aortic constriction by suppressing cardiac fibrosis, hypertrophy, and inflammatory responses, while also regulating the expression levels of CD47 and ROCK2 (Rho associated coiled-coil containing protein kinase 2). CONCLUSIONS Therefore, our data suggest that modulating epitranscriptomic processes, such as ac4C acetylation through NAT10, may be a promising therapeutic target against cardiac remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Shi
- Department of Cardiology (J.S., K.Z., J.Z., P.L., X.W., W.S., X.K.), The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, China
| | - Chuanxi Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (C.Y.)
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Cardiology (J.S., K.Z., J.Z., P.L., X.W., W.S., X.K.), The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, China
| | - Kun Zhao
- Department of Cardiology (J.S., K.Z., J.Z., P.L., X.W., W.S., X.K.), The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, China
| | - Peng Li
- Department of Cardiology (J.S., K.Z., J.Z., P.L., X.W., W.S., X.K.), The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, China
| | - Chuiyu Kong
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing University, Jiangsu, China (C.K.)
| | - Xiaoguang Wu
- Department of Cardiology (J.S., K.Z., J.Z., P.L., X.W., W.S., X.K.), The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, China
| | - Haoliang Sun
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery (H.S., R.Z.), The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, China
| | - Rui Zheng
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery (H.S., R.Z.), The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Cardiology (J.S., K.Z., J.Z., P.L., X.W., W.S., X.K.), The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, China
| | - Lianmin Chen
- Changzhou Medical Center of the Affiliated Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University and Department of Cardiology of the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China (L.C.)
| | - Xiangqing Kong
- Department of Cardiology (J.S., K.Z., J.Z., P.L., X.W., W.S., X.K.), The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, China
- Cardiovascular Research Center, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China (X.K.)
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10
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Park SC, Lee YS, Cho KA, Kim SY, Lee YI, Lee SR, Lim IK. What matters in aging is signaling for responsiveness. Pharmacol Ther 2023; 252:108560. [PMID: 37952903 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Biological responsiveness refers to the capacity of living organisms to adapt to changes in both their internal and external environments through physiological and behavioral mechanisms. One of the prominent aspects of aging is the decline in this responsiveness, which can lead to a deterioration in the processes required for maintenance, survival, and growth. The vital link between physiological responsiveness and the essential life processes lies within the signaling systems. To devise effective strategies for controlling the aging process, a comprehensive reevaluation of this connecting loop is imperative. This review aims to explore the impact of aging on signaling systems responsible for responsiveness and introduce a novel perspective on intervening in the aging process by restoring the compromised responsiveness. These innovative mechanistic approaches for modulating altered responsiveness hold the potential to illuminate the development of action plans aimed at controlling the aging process and treating age-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Chul Park
- The Future Life & Society Research Center, Advanced Institute of Aging Science, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61469, Republic of Korea.
| | - Young-Sam Lee
- Department of New Biology, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea; Well Aging Research Center, Division of Biotechnology, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyung A Cho
- Department of Biochemistry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Jeollanam-do 58128, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Young Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Il Lee
- Well Aging Research Center, Division of Biotechnology, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea; Interdisciplinary Engineering Major, Department of Interdisciplinary Studies, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Rock Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Jeollanam-do 58128, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Research Center for Aging and Geriatrics, Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 61469, Republic of Korea
| | - In Kyoung Lim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
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11
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Polopalli S, Saha A, Niri P, Kumar M, Das P, Kamboj DV, Chattopadhyay P. ROCK Inhibitors as an Alternative Therapy for Corneal Grafting: A Systematic Review. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2023; 39:585-599. [PMID: 37738326 DOI: 10.1089/jop.2023.0040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, corneal blindness is affecting >10 million individuals worldwide, and there is a significant unmet medical need because only 1.5% of transplantation needs are met globally due to a lack of high-quality grafts. In light of this global health disaster, researchers are developing corneal substitutes that can resemble the human cornea in vivo and replace human donor tissue. Thus, this review examines ROCK (Rho-associated coiled-coil containing protein kinases) inhibitors as a potential corneal wound-healing (CWH) therapy by reviewing the existing clinical and nonclinical findings. The systematic review was done from PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar for CWH, corneal injury, corneal endothelial wound healing, ROCK inhibitors, Fasudil, Netarsudil, Ripasudil, Y-27632, clinical trial, clinical study, case series, case reports, preclinical study, in vivo, and in vitro studies. After removing duplicates, all downloaded articles were examined. The literature search included the data till January 2023. This review summarized the results of ROCK inhibitors in clinical and preclinical trials. In a clinical trial, various ROCK inhibitors improved CWH in individuals with open-angle glaucoma, cataract, iris cyst, ocular hypertension, and other ocular diseases. ROCK inhibitors also improved ocular wound healing by increasing cell adhesion, migration, and proliferation in vitro and in vivo. ROCK inhibitors have antifibrotic, antiangiogenic, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic characteristics in CWH, according to the existing research. ROCK inhibitors were effective topical treatments for corneal infections. Ripasudil, Y-27632, H-1152, Y-39983, and AMA0526 are a few new ROCK inhibitors that may help CWH and replace human donor tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subramanyam Polopalli
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Defence Research Laboratory (DRL), Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO), Tezpur, India
- Department of Chemical Technology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
| | - Achintya Saha
- Department of Chemical Technology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
| | - Pakter Niri
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Defence Research Laboratory (DRL), Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO), Tezpur, India
- Department of Chemical Technology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
| | - Mohit Kumar
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Defence Research Laboratory (DRL), Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO), Tezpur, India
| | - Parikshit Das
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Defence Research Laboratory (DRL), Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO), Tezpur, India
| | - Dev Vrat Kamboj
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Defence Research Laboratory (DRL), Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO), Tezpur, India
| | - Pronobesh Chattopadhyay
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Defence Research Laboratory (DRL), Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO), Tezpur, India
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12
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Jiang R, Zhou Y, Gao Q, Han L, Hong Z. ZC3H4 governs epithelial cell migration through ROCK/p-PYK2/p-MLC2 pathway in silica-induced pulmonary fibrosis. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 104:104301. [PMID: 37866415 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2023.104301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increased epithelial migration capacity is a key step accompanying epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Our lab has described that ZC3H4 mediated EMT in silicosis. Here, we aimed to explore the mechanisms of ZC3H4 by which to stimulate epithelial cell migration. METHODS Silicon dioxide (SiO2)-induced pulmonary fibrosis (PF) animal models were administered by intratracheal instillation in C57BL/6 J mice. Pathological analysis and 2D migration assay were established to uncover the pulmonary fibrotic lesions and epithelial cell migration, respectively. Inhibitors targeting ROCK/p-PYK2/p-MLC2 and CRISPR/Cas9 plasmids targeting ZC3H4 were administrated to explore the signaling pathways. RESULTS 1) SiO2 upregulated epithelial migration in pulmonary fibrotic lesions. 2) ZC3H4 modulated SiO2-induced epithelial migration. 3) ZC3H4 governed epithelial migration through ROCK/p-PYK2/p-MLC2 signaling pathway. CONCLUSIONS ZC3H4 regulates epithelial migration through the ROCK/p-PYK2/p-MLC2 signaling pathway, providing the possibility that molecular drugs targeting ZC3H4-overexpression may exert effects on pulmonary fibrosis induced by silica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Jiang
- Jiangsu Health Vocational College, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yichao Zhou
- Department of Occupation Disease Prevention and Cure, Changzhou Wujin District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Qianqian Gao
- Department of Occupation Disease Prevention and Cure, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China; Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Lei Han
- Department of Occupation Disease Prevention and Cure, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Zhen Hong
- Jiangsu Health Vocational College, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.
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13
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Fan W, Wei B, Chen X, Zhang Y, Xiao P, Li K, Zhang YQ, Huang J, Leng L, Bucala R. The RhoA GTPase regulates Type I Interferon Signaling in Systemic lupus erythematosus. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3320841. [PMID: 37790522 PMCID: PMC10543431 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3320841/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Objective Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by abnormal activation of the type I interferon (IFN) pathway, which results in tissue inflammation and organ damage. We explored the role of the RhoA GTPase in the type I IFN activation pathway to provide a potential basis for targeting GTPase signaling for the treatment of SLE. Methods Total RNA was extracted from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of SLE patients and healthy controls, and the mRNA expression levels of RhoA and IFN-stimulated genes were measured by SYBR Green quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. IFN-stimulated response element (ISRE)-luciferase reporter gene assays and Western blotting were conducted to asssess the biologic function of RhoA. An Enzyme-Linked Immunoassay (ELISA) measured C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10(CXCL10)protein expression. Results Our studies demonstrated that the expression of RhoA in the PBMCs of SLE subjects was significantly higher than healthy controls and positively correlated with type I IFN scores and type I IFN-stimulated gene (ISGs) expression levels. SiRNA-mediated knockdown of RhoA and the RhoA/ROCK inhibitor Y27632 reduced the activity of the type I IFN-induced ISRE, the signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT-1) phosphorylation, and the expression of CXCL10 and 2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthetase 1(OAS1). Finally,we verified that Y27632 could significantly down-regulate the OAS1 and CXCL10 expression levels in PBMCs of SLE patients. Conclusion Our study shows that RhoA positively regulates the activation of the type I IFN response pathway. Reducing the expression level of RhoA inhibits the abnormal activation of the type I IFN system, and the RhoA/ROCK inhibitor Y27632 decreases aberrant type I IFN signaling in SLE PBMCs, suggesting the possibility of targeting the RhoA GTPase for the treatment of SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Fan
- the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen Medical College
| | - Bo Wei
- Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen University
| | - Xuyan Chen
- the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen Medical College
| | - Yi Zhang
- the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen Medical College
| | - Pingping Xiao
- the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen Medical College
| | - Kaiyan Li
- the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen Medical College
| | - Yi Qin Zhang
- the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen Medical College
| | - Jinmei Huang
- the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen Medical College
| | - Lin Leng
- Yale University School of Medicine
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14
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Benarroch E. What Is the Role of the Rho-ROCK Pathway in Neurologic Disorders? Neurology 2023; 101:536-543. [PMID: 37722862 PMCID: PMC10516277 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000207779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023] Open
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15
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Sun J, Yang X, Sun H, Huang S, An H, Xu W, Chen W, Zhao W, He C, Zhong X, Li T, Liu Y, Wen B, Du Q, He S. Baicalin inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma cell growth and metastasis by suppressing ROCK1 signaling. Phytother Res 2023; 37:4117-4132. [PMID: 37246830 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common malignancy affecting many people worldwide. Baicalin is a flavonoid extracted from the dried root of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi. It can effectively inhibit the occurrence and development of HCC. Nonetheless, the mechanism through which Baicalin inhibits HCC growth and metastasis remain unknown. This work discovered that Baicalin inhibited HCC cell proliferation, invasion, metastasis while inducing cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase and apoptosis. In vivo HCC xenograft results indicated that Baicalin inhibited HCC growth. Western blotting analysis indicated that Baicalin suppressed the expressions of ROCK1, p-GSK-3β, and β-catenin, whereas it up-regulated the expressions of GSK-3β and p-β-catenin. Baicalin also reduced the expressions of Bcl-2, C-myc, Cyclin D1, MMP-9, and VEGFA, while increasing the expression of Bax. Molecular docking revealed that Baicalin docked in the binding site of the ROCK1 agonist, with a binding energy of -9 kcal/mol between the two. In addition, lentivirus-mediated suppression of ROCK1 expression improved the inhibitory effect of Baicalin on the proliferation, invasion, and metastasis of HCC and the expression of proteins associated with ROCK1/GSK-3β/β-catenin signaling pathway. Moreover, restoring ROCK1 expression decreased the anti-HCC efficacy of Baicalin. These findings suggest that Baicalin may decrease HCC proliferation and metastasis by suppressing ROCK1/GSK-3β/β-catenin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialing Sun
- Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Hepatology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Xuemei Yang
- Affiliated Zhuhai Hospital, Southern Medical University (Zhuhai Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine), Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Haitao Sun
- Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shaohui Huang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Haiyan An
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei Xu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Weicong Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenting Zhao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chunyu He
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaodan Zhong
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Tong Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yang Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Bin Wen
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Air Force Hospital Of Southern Theater Command, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qingfeng Du
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Songqi He
- Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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16
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Hong Z, Chen X, Wang L, Zhou X, He H, Zou G, Liu Q, Wang Y. ROCK2-RNA interaction map reveals multiple biological mechanisms underlying tumor progression in renal cell carcinoma. Hum Cell 2023; 36:1790-1803. [PMID: 37418232 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-023-00947-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most common form of kidney cancer in adults. Despite new therapeutic modalities, the outcomes for RCC patients remain unsatisfactory. Rho-associated coiled-coil forming protein kinase 2 (ROCK2) has previously been shown to be upregulated in RCC, and its expression was negatively correlated with patient survival. However, the precise molecular function of ROCK2 has remained unclear. Herein, using RNA-seq analysis of ROCK2 knockdown and control cells, we identified 464 differentially expressed genes, and 1287 alternative splicing events in 786-O RCC cells. Furthermore, mapping of iRIP-seq reads in 786-O cells showed a biased distribution at 5' UTR, intronic and intergenic regions. By comparing ROCK2-regulated alternative splicing and iRIP-seq data, we found 292 overlapping genes that are enriched in multiple tumorigenic pathways. Taken together, our work defined a complex ROCK2-RNA interaction map on a genomic scale in a human RCC cell line, which deepens our understanding of the molecular function of ROCK2 in cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengdong Hong
- Department of Urology Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xuexin Chen
- GMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Sciences, The Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Laboratory for Cell Fate Regulation and Diseases, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Lei Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Health Vocational College, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiaocheng Zhou
- Department of Urology Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Haowei He
- GMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Sciences, The Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Laboratory for Cell Fate Regulation and Diseases, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Gaode Zou
- Department of Urology Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Qingnan Liu
- GMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Sciences, The Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Laboratory for Cell Fate Regulation and Diseases, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China.
| | - Yiqian Wang
- GMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Sciences, The Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Laboratory for Cell Fate Regulation and Diseases, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China.
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17
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Roskoski R. Small molecule protein kinase inhibitors approved by regulatory agencies outside of the United States. Pharmacol Res 2023; 194:106847. [PMID: 37454916 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Owing to genetic alterations and overexpression, the dysregulation of protein kinases plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of many autoimmune and neoplastic disorders and protein kinase antagonists have become an important drug target. Although the efficacy of imatinib in the treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia in the United States in 2001 was the main driver of protein kinase inhibitor drug discovery, this was preceded by the approval of fasudil (a ROCK antagonist) in Japan in 1995 for the treatment of cerebral vasospasm. There are 21 small molecule protein kinase inhibitors that are approved in China, Japan, Europe, and South Korea that are not approved in the United Sates and 75 FDA-approved inhibitors in the United States. Of the 21 agents, eleven target receptor protein-tyrosine kinases, eight inhibit nonreceptor protein-tyrosine kinases, and two block protein-serine/threonine kinases. All 21 drugs are orally bioavailable or topically effective. Of the non-FDA approved drugs, sixteen are prescribed for the treatment of neoplastic diseases, three are directed toward inflammatory disorders, one is used for glaucoma, and fasudil is used in the management of vasospasm. The leading targets of kinase inhibitors approved by both international regulatory agencies and by the FDA are members of the EGFR family, the VEGFR family, and the JAK family. One-third of the 21 internationally approved drugs are not compliant with Lipinski's rule of five for orally bioavailable drugs. The rule of five relies on four parameters including molecular weight, number of hydrogen bond donors and acceptors, and the Log of the partition coefficient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Roskoski
- Blue Ridge Institute for Medical Research, 221 Haywood Knolls Drive, Hendersonville, NC 28791-8717, United States.
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18
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Zhou W, Yuan X, Li J, Wang W, Ye S. Retinol binding protein 4 promotes the phenotypic transformation of vascular smooth muscle cells under high glucose condition via modulating RhoA/ROCK1 pathway. Transl Res 2023:S1931-5244(23)00055-5. [PMID: 37003483 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2023.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phenotypic switch of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) contributes to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis (AS). High level of retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4) is regarded as a risk factor in cardiac-cerebral vascular disease. This study is performed to clarify the biological function of RBP4 in modulating the phenotypic switch of VSMCs induced via RhoA/ROCK1 signaling pathway. METHODS AND MATERIALS In vivo experiment, all the rats were dividedinto control group (NC), diabetic group (DM) and diabetic atherosclerosis group(DAS). The expressions of biochemical indicators, RhoA and Rho associated coiled-coil containing protein kinase 1 (ROCK1) were detected. In vitro experiment, VSMCs were cultured under high glucose condition, and ectogenic RBP4, HA-1100, rapamycin or 3-Methyladenine (3-MA) were supplemented to treat the VSMCs, respectively. The proliferation and migration of VSMCs were evaluated. The regulatory relationship between RBP4 and ROCK1was predicted by bioinformatics analysis, and validated by qRT-PCR and Western blot. The regulatory effects of RBP4 on contractile phenotypic markers such as calponin, MYH11, α-SMA and autophagy markers including LC3II, LC3I and Beclin-1 as well as mTOR were also detected. Moreover, VSMCs were cultured exposed to ROCK1 overexpressed plasmid or short hairpin RNA (shRNA), the proliferation and migration of VSMCs were evluated and the regulatory effects of RhoA/ROCK1 signaling pathway on contractile phenotypic markers and autophagy markers were also detected. RESULTS In vivo, RhoA, ROCK1 and mTOR were highly expressed in the rats intraperitoneally injected with RBP4. In vitro, the expressions of calponin, MYH11, α-SMA, LC3II, LC3I and Beclin-1 were decreased in VSMCs treated with ROCK1-OA under high glucose condition, conversely, the expressions were increased in VSMCs exposed to ROCK1-shRNA. Ectogenic RBP4 facilitated high glucose-induced proliferation and migration of VSMCs, and it repressed the expression of calponin, MYH11, α-SMA, LC3II/Iand Beclin-1 in VSMCs. As expected, ROCK1 inhibit or counteracted the biological effects of RBP4 on VSMCs. In addition, the expressions of contractile phenotypic markers, LC3II/I and Beclin-1 were promoted and mTOR were decreased after the VSMCs treated with autophagy agonist, whereas no significant difference was observed in the expressions of ROCK1, RhoA. CONCLUSION RBP4 is an injurious factor in the pathogenesis of diabetic AS, and it promotes the phenotypic switch of VSMCs via activating RhoA/ROCK1 pathway and inhibiting autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China.
| | - Xiaojing Yuan
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China; Department of Endocrinology, affiliated provincial hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University of China, Hefei, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China
| | - Shandong Ye
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China
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19
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Chen KJ, Huang JH, Shih JH, Gu DL, Lee SS, Shen R, Hsu YH, Kung YC, Wu CY, Ho CM, Jen HW, Lee HY, Lang YD, Hsiao CH, Jou YS. Somatic A-to-I RNA-edited RHOA isoform 2 specific-R176G mutation promotes tumor progression in lung adenocarcinoma. Mol Carcinog 2023; 62:348-359. [PMID: 36453714 PMCID: PMC10107479 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Adenosine-to-inosine (A-to-I) RNA editing is the most common posttranscriptional editing to create somatic mutations and increase proteomic diversity. However, the functions of the edited mutations are largely underexplored. To identify novel targets in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), we conducted a genome-wide somatic A-to-I RNA editing analysis of 23 paired adjacent normal and LUAD transcriptomes and identified 26,280 events, including known nonsynonymous AZIN1-S367G and novel RHOAiso2 (RHOA isoform 2)-R176G, tubulin gamma complex associated protein 2 (TUBGCP2)-N211S, and RBMXL1-I40 M mutations. We validated the edited mutations in silico in multiple databases and in newly collected LUAD tissue pairs with the SEQUENOM MassARRAY® and TaqMan PCR Systems. We selected RHOAiso2-R176G due to its significant level, isoform-specificity, and being the most common somatic edited nonsynonymous mutation of RHOAiso2 to investigate its roles in LUAD tumorigenesis. RHOAiso2 is a ubiquitous but low-expression alternative spliced isoform received a unique Alu-rich exon at the 3' RHOA mRNA to become an editing RNA target, leading to somatic hypermutation and protein diversity. Interestingly, LUAD patients harboring the RHOAiso2-R176G mutation were associated with aberrant RHOA functions, cancer cell proliferation and migration, and poor clinical outcomes in transcriptome analysis. Mechanistically, RHOAiso2-R176G mutation-expressing LUAD cells potentiate RHOA-guanosine triphosphate (GTP) activity to phosphorylate ROCK1/2 effectors and enhance cell proliferation and migration in vitro and increase tumor growth in xenograft and systemic metastasis models in vivo. Taken together, the RHOAiso2-R176G mutation is a common somatic A-to-I edited mutation of the hypermutated RHOA isoform 2. It is an oncogenic and isoform-specific theranostic target that activates RHOA-GTP/p-ROCK1/2 signaling to promote tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan-Ju Chen
- Graduate Institute of Microbiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Hsiang Huang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California at Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, USA
| | - Jou-Ho Shih
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,Genome and Systems Biology Degree Program, National Taiwan University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - De-Leung Gu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Szu-Shuo Lee
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,Program in Molecular Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Roger Shen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,Program in Molecular Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsuan Hsu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,Program in Molecular Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chih Kung
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Yen Wu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Ming Ho
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Wei Jen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Yi Lee
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yaw-Dong Lang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,Cancer Progression Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Hao Hsiao
- Genome and Systems Biology Degree Program, National Taiwan University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Surgery, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yuh-Shan Jou
- Graduate Institute of Microbiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,Genome and Systems Biology Degree Program, National Taiwan University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,Program in Molecular Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
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20
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Wang Y, He J, Zhang J, Zhang N, Zhou Y, Wu F. Cell migration induces apoptosis in osteosarcoma cell via inhibition of Wnt-β-catenin signaling pathway. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2023; 223:113142. [PMID: 36669438 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2023.113142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The current design scheme on anti-cancer materials is mainly through tuning the mechanical properties of the materials to induce apoptosis in cancer cells, with the involvement of Rho/ROCK signaling pathway. We hypothesize that tuning the motility is another potential important approach to modifying the tumor microenvironment and inducing tumor apoptosis. To this aim, we have prepared RGD-modified substrates to regulate cell motility through modification of RGD with different concentrations, and systematically examined the effect of motility on the apoptosis of tumor cells, and the potential involvement of Wnt signaling pathway. Our studies indicated that RGD modification could be readily used to tune the motility of cancer cells. High RGD concentration significantly suppressed the migration of cancer cells, leading to significantly increased apoptosis rate, about three times of that of the unmodified samples. Western-blot analysis also showed that cell with low motility expressed more caspase-3 and PARP proteins. Further RNA sequence study strongly suggested that low motility inhibited the canonical Wnt signaling pathway, which in turn led to the activation of the mitochondria-associated caspase signaling pathway, and ultimately to the apoptosis of osteosarcoma cells. Activation of the Wnt-β-catenin pathway through HLY78 significantly suppressed the apoptosis of MG-63 cells, further suggesting the critical role of Wnt pathway in motility-regulated-apoptosis of tumor cells. Our findings shed insights to understand the underlying mechanisms that induced the tumor cell apoptosis, and might provide new strategy for designing the novel anti-tumor materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, PR China
| | - Jing He
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, PR China
| | - Junwei Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, PR China
| | - Nihui Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, PR China
| | - Yong Zhou
- Orthopedic Research Institute, Department of Orthopedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, PR China.
| | - Fang Wu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, PR China.
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21
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Sambandam A, Storm E, Tauc H, Hackney JA, Garfield D, Caplazi P, Liu J, Zhang J, Zhang H, Duggan J, Jeet S, Gierke S, Chang P, Wu X, Newman R, Tam L, Alcantar T, Wang L, Roose-Girma M, Modrusan Z, Lee WP, Jasper H, de Sauvage F, Pappu R. Obligate role for Rock1 and Rock2 in adult stem cell viability and function. Heliyon 2023; 9:e14238. [PMID: 36950615 PMCID: PMC10025895 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability of stem cells to rapidly proliferate and differentiate is integral to the steady-state maintenance of tissues with high turnover such as the blood and intestine. Mutations that alter these processes can cause primary immunodeficiencies, malignancies and defects in barrier function. The Rho-kinases, Rock1 and Rock2, regulate cell shape and cytoskeletal rearrangement, activities essential to mitosis. Here, we use inducible gene targeting to ablate Rock1 and Rock2 in adult mice, and identify an obligate requirement for these enzymes in the preservation of the hematopoietic and gastrointestinal systems. Hematopoietic cell progenitors devoid of Rho-kinases display cell cycle arrest, blocking the differentiation to mature blood lineages. Similarly, these mice exhibit impaired epithelial cell renewal in the small intestine, which is ultimately fatal. Our data reveal a novel role for these kinases in the proliferation and viability of stem cells and their progenitors, which is vital to maintaining the steady-state integrity of these organ systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elaine Storm
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Helen Tauc
- Department of Immunology Discovery, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jason A. Hackney
- Department of Bioinformatics, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - David Garfield
- Department of Bioinformatics, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Patrick Caplazi
- Department of Research Pathology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - John Liu
- Department of Translational Immunology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Juan Zhang
- Department of Translational Immunology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Hua Zhang
- Department of Translational Immunology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jeff Duggan
- Department of Immunology Discovery, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Surinder Jeet
- Department of Translational Immunology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sarah Gierke
- Department of Research Pathology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Patrick Chang
- Department of Research Pathology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Xiumin Wu
- Department of Translational Immunology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Robert Newman
- Department of Research Biology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Lucinda Tam
- Department of Research Biology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Tuija Alcantar
- Department of Research Biology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Lifen Wang
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Meron Roose-Girma
- Department of Research Biology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Zora Modrusan
- Department of Microchemistry, Proteomics and Lipidomics, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Wyne P. Lee
- Department of Translational Immunology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Heinrich Jasper
- Department of Immunology Discovery, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Frederic de Sauvage
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Rajita Pappu
- Department of Immunology Discovery, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
- Corresponding author.
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22
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Liu X, Jiang Y, Zhou H, Zhao X, Li M, Bao Z, Wang Z, Zhang C, Xie Z, Zhao J, Dong Z, Liu K, Guo Z. Dasabuvir suppresses esophageal squamous cell carcinoma growth in vitro and in vivo through targeting ROCK1. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:118. [PMID: 36781836 PMCID: PMC9924867 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-05633-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is an upper gastrointestinal cancer with high morbidity and mortality. New strategies are urgently needed to prolong patients' survival. Through screening FDA-approved drugs, we found dasabuvir, a drug approved for hepatitis C virus (HCV) treatment, suppressed ESCC proliferation. Dasabuvir could inhibit the growth of ESCC cells in a time and dose-dependent manner and arrested cell cycle at the G0/G1 phase. The antitumor activity was further validated in vivo using patient-derived xenograft tumor models. In terms of mechanism, we unveil that dasabuvir is a Rho-associated protein kinase 1 (ROCK1) inhibitor. Dasabuvir can bind to ROCK1 and suppress its kinase activity, thus downregulating the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 by ROCK1 and the expression of cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4) and cyclin D1. These results provide evidence that dasabuvir suppresses ESCC growth in vivo and in vitro through blocking ROCK1/ERK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinning Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- China-US Hormel (Henan) Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanan Jiang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- China-US Hormel (Henan) Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Provincial Cooperative Innovation Center for Cancer Chemoprevention, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hao Zhou
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- China-US Hormel (Henan) Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xiaokun Zhao
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- China-US Hormel (Henan) Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Mingzhu Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- China-US Hormel (Henan) Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Zhuo Bao
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- China-US Hormel (Henan) Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Zitong Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Chenyang Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Zhenliang Xie
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jimin Zhao
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Provincial Cooperative Innovation Center for Cancer Chemoprevention, Zhengzhou, China
- Research Center of Basic Medicine, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Zigang Dong
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- China-US Hormel (Henan) Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Kangdong Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
- China-US Hormel (Henan) Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
- Henan Provincial Cooperative Innovation Center for Cancer Chemoprevention, Zhengzhou, China.
- Research Center of Basic Medicine, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
- Cancer Chemoprevention International Collaboration Laboratory, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Zhiping Guo
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
- China-US Hormel (Henan) Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
- Fuwai Central China Cardiovascular Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
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23
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Hu P, Wan P, Xu A, Yan B, Liu C, Xu Q, Wei Z, Xu J, Liu S, Yang G, Pan Y. Neferine, a novel ROCK1-targeting inhibitor, blocks EMT process and induces apoptosis in non-small cell lung cancer. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023; 149:553-566. [PMID: 35984492 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-022-04280-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The compounds derived from Traditional Chinese Medicines have shown various pharmacological activities with unique advantages, especially in the aspect of antitumor. Neferine (Nef), a natural compound, extracted from green seed embryos of Lotus (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.) also exerts antitumor effects on cancers. In this study, the effects and mechanisms of Nef on epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) were evaluated. The results showed that Nef had the antitumor effects in vivo and in vitro. Nef significantly suppressed cell viability and induced apoptosis in NSCLC cells, with elevated reactive oxygen species and reduced BCL2/BAX ratio. Nef was also demonstrated to inhibit the invasion, metastasis and EMT process of NSCLC cells, and attenuate EMT-related changes of E-cadherin, N-cadherin and Vimentin at both transcriptional and translational levels. Moreover, we concluded that the inhibitory effects of Nef on EMT was achieved by targeting Rho-associated protein kinase 1, a protein mediating the process of EMT in various cancers. These results showed that Nef had a significant antitumor effect on NSCLC cells by inducing apoptosis and blocking EMT, providing the therapeutical prospect on NSCLC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Peng Wan
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Anna Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Binghui Yan
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Chunmei Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Qixuan Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Zhenhuan Wei
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jingyi Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Siqi Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Guangming Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Yang Pan
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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24
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Kopecny LR, Lee BWH, Coroneo MT. A systematic review on the effects of ROCK inhibitors on proliferation and/or differentiation in human somatic stem cells: A hypothesis that ROCK inhibitors support corneal endothelial healing via acting on the limbal stem cell niche. Ocul Surf 2023; 27:16-29. [PMID: 36586668 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2022.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Rho kinase inhibitors (ROCKi) have attracted growing multidisciplinary interest, particularly in Ophthalmology where the question as to how they promote corneal endothelial healing remains unresolved. Concurrently, stem cell biology has rapidly progressed in unravelling drivers of stem cell (SC) proliferation and differentiation, where mechanical niche factors and the actin cytoskeleton are increasingly recognized as key players. There is mounting evidence from the study of the peripheral corneal endothelium that supports the likelihood of an internal limbal stem cell niche. The possibility that ROCKi stimulate the endothelial SC niche has not been addressed. Furthermore, there is currently a paucity of data that directly evaluates whether ROCKi promotes corneal endothelial healing by acting on this limbal SC niche located near the transition zone. Therefore, we performed a systematic review examining the effects ROCKi on the proliferation and differentiation of human somatic SC, to provide insight into its effects on various human SC populations. An appraisal of electronic searches of four databases identified 1 in vivo and 58 in vitro studies (36 evaluated proliferation while 53 examined differentiation). Types of SC studied included mesenchymal (n = 32), epithelial (n = 11), epidermal (n = 8), hematopoietic and other (n = 8). The ROCK 1/2 selective inhibitor Y-27632 was used in almost all studies (n = 58), while several studies evaluated ≥2 ROCKi (n = 4) including fasudil, H-1152, and KD025. ROCKi significantly influenced human somatic SC proliferation in 81% of studies (29/36) and SC differentiation in 94% of studies (50/53). The present systemic review highlights that ROCKi are influential in regulating human SC proliferation and differentiation, and provides evidence to support the hypothesis that ROCKi promotes corneal endothelial division and maintenance via acting on the inner limbal SC niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lloyd R Kopecny
- School of Clinical Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Brendon W H Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Clinical Medicine, University of New South Wales, Level 2 South Wing, Edmund Blacket Building, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, NSW, 2031, Australia
| | - Minas T Coroneo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, Australia
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25
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Pan T, Wang S, Feng H, Xu J, Zhang M, Yao Y, Xu K, Niu M. Preclinical evaluation of the ROCK1 inhibitor, GSK269962A, in acute myeloid leukemia. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1064470. [PMID: 36561342 PMCID: PMC9763303 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1064470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is an aggressive hematologic malignancy with high mortality that urgently requires new treatments. ROCK1 plays an essential role in regulating growth and survival in AML cells. In this study, we evaluated GSK269962A, a selective ROCK1 inhibitor, in preclinical models of AML. Compared with solid tumors, GSK269962A selectively inhibited cell growth and clonogenicity of AML cells. Furthermore, GSK269962A arrested AML cells in the G2 phase and induced apoptosis by regulating multiple cell cycle- and apoptosis-associated proteins. Strikingly, GSK269962A could eliminate leukemia cells from bone marrow, liver, and spleen in an animal model of AML and significantly prolong mouse survival. Mechanistically, GSK269962A could inhibit the growth of AML by blocking ROCK1/c-Raf/ERK signaling pathway. Notably, a correlation was found between the expression levels of ROCK1 protein and the sensitivity of GSK269962A in AML. These data highlight the potential role of ROCK1 as an attractive target for treating AML, as well as the potential of GSK269962A for use in clinical trials of AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Pan
- Blood Diseases Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China,Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Sijia Wang
- Blood Diseases Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China,Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hao Feng
- Blood Diseases Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China,Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiawen Xu
- Blood Diseases Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China,Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Miao Zhang
- Blood Diseases Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China,Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yao Yao
- Blood Diseases Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China,Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kailin Xu
- Blood Diseases Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China,Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China,*Correspondence: Kailin Xu, ; Mingshan Niu,
| | - Mingshan Niu
- Blood Diseases Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China,Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China,*Correspondence: Kailin Xu, ; Mingshan Niu,
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26
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Zhang Y, Wang S, Guo S, Zhang X, Yang C, Su G, Wan J. Circ_0004104 participates in the regulation of ox-LDL-induced endothelial cells injury via miR-942-5p/ROCK2 axis. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2022; 22:517. [PMID: 36460954 PMCID: PMC9717494 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-022-02959-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular disease was the most common disease among the elderly with high morbidity and mortality. Circ_0004104 was demonstrated to be involved in the regulation of atherosclerosis. METHODS Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was employed to measure the expression of circ_0004104, miR-942-5p and Rho associated coiled-coil containing protein kinase 2 (ROCK2). Cell proliferation was tested by 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Cell apoptosis was measured by flow cytometry, and tube formation assay was used to detect the angiogenesis ability of cells. Western blot assay was performed to assess protein levels. Enzyme‑linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect the release of IL-1β and TNF-α. The relationship between miR-942-5p and circ_0004104 or ROCK2 was identified by dual-luciferase reporter assay, RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assay, and RNA pull-down assay. RESULTS Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) inhibited the proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and promoted apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. Circ_0004104 was increased in serum of atherosclerosis patients and ox-LDL-treated HUVECs, and silence of circ_0004104 promoted the proliferation of ox-LDL-exposed HUVECs and inhibited cell apoptosis. MiR-942-5p downregulation reversed si-circ_0004104-mediated influences in HUVECs upon ox-LDL exposure. ROCK2 was the target of miR-942-5p and circ_0004104 regulated the expression of ROCK2 through sponging miR-942-5p. ROCK2 abated the influences of miR-942-5p in ox-LDL-stimulated HUVECs. Circ_0004104 was increased in the exosomes derived from ox-LDL-exposed HUVECs, and the expression of circ_0004104 was promoted in HUVECs after stimulation with ox-LDL-treated HUVECs cells-derived exosomes. CONCLUSION Circ_0004104 downregulation receded ox-LDL-induced injury in HUVECs through miR-942-5p and ROCK2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Zhang
- grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Cardiovascular Internal Medicine Department, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36, Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110000 China
| | - Shaojun Wang
- grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Cardiovascular Internal Medicine Department, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36, Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110000 China
| | - Sicong Guo
- grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Cardiovascular Internal Medicine Department, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36, Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110000 China
| | - Xinzhong Zhang
- grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Cardiovascular Internal Medicine Department, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36, Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110000 China
| | - Chuan Yang
- grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Cardiovascular Internal Medicine Department, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36, Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110000 China
| | - Guangsheng Su
- grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Cardiovascular Internal Medicine Department, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36, Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110000 China
| | - Jiye Wan
- grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Cardiovascular Internal Medicine Department, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36, Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110000 China
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27
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Investigating the Anticancer Activity of G-Rh1 Using In Silico and In Vitro Studies (A549 Lung Cancer Cells). MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27238311. [PMID: 36500403 PMCID: PMC9890317 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Ginsenoside Rh1 (G-Rh1), a possible bioactive substance isolated from the Korean Panax ginseng Meyer, has a wide range of pharmacological effects. In this study, we have investigated the anticancer efficacy of G-Rh1 via in silico and in vitro methodologies. This study mainly focuses on the two metastatic regulators, Rho-associated protein kinase 1 (ROCK1) and RhoA, along with other standard apoptosis regulators. The ROCK1 protein is a member of the active serine/threonine kinase family that is crucial for many biological processes, including cell division, differentiation, and death, as well as many cellular processes and muscle contraction. The abnormal activation of ROCK1 kinase causes several disorders, whereas numerous studies have also shown that RhoA is expressed highly in various cancers, including colon, lung, ovarian, gastric, and liver malignancies. Hence, inhibiting both ROCK1 and RhoA will be promising in preventing metastasis. Therefore, the molecular level interaction of G-Rh1 with the ROCK1 and RhoA active site residues from the preliminary screening clearly shows its inhibitory potential. Molecular dynamics simulation and principal component analysis give essential insights for comprehending the conformational changes that result from G-Rh1 binding to ROCK1 and RhoA. Further, MTT assay was employed to examine the potential cytotoxicity in vitro against human lung cancer cells (A549) and Raw 264.7 Murine macrophage cells. Thus, G-Rh1 showed significant cytotoxicity against human lung adenocarcinoma (A549) at 100 µg/mL. In addition, we observed an elevated level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, perhaps promoting cancer cell toxicity. Additionally, G-Rh1 suppressed the mRNA expression of RhoA, ROCK1, MMP1, and MMP9 in cancer cell. Accordingly, G-Rh1 upregulated the p53, Bax, Caspase 3, caspase 9 while Bcl2 is downregulated intrinsic pathway. The findings from our study propose that the anticancer activity of G-Rh1 may be related to the induction of apoptosis by the RhoA/ROCK1 signaling pathway. As a result, this study evaluated the functional drug-like compound G-Rh1 from Panax ginseng in preventing and treating lung cancer adenocarcinoma via regulating metastasis and apoptosis.
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Li Y, Wang D, Ge H, Güngör C, Gong X, Chen Y. Cytoskeletal and Cytoskeleton-Associated Proteins: Key Regulators of Cancer Stem Cell Properties. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:1369. [PMID: 36355541 PMCID: PMC9698833 DOI: 10.3390/ph15111369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a subpopulation of cancer cells possessing stemness characteristics that are closely associated with tumor proliferation, recurrence and resistance to therapy. Recent studies have shown that different cytoskeletal components and remodeling processes have a profound impact on the behavior of CSCs. In this review, we outline the different cytoskeletal components regulating the properties of CSCs and discuss current and ongoing therapeutic strategies targeting the cytoskeleton. Given the many challenges currently faced in targeted cancer therapy, a deeper comprehension of the molecular events involved in the interaction of the cytoskeleton and CSCs will help us identify more effective therapeutic strategies to eliminate CSCs and ultimately improve patient survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqiang Li
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics, Laboratory of Structural Biology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
- Department of General Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Heming Ge
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
- Department of General Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Cenap Güngör
- Department of General Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Xuejun Gong
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Yongheng Chen
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics, Laboratory of Structural Biology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
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Tiu YC, Gong L, Zhang Y, Luo J, Yang Y, Tang Y, Lee WM, Guan XY. GLIPR1 promotes proliferation, metastasis and 5-fluorouracil resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma by activating the PI3K/PDK1/ROCK1 pathway. Cancer Gene Ther 2022; 29:1720-1730. [PMID: 35760898 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-022-00490-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) contributes to a heavy disease burden for its high prevalence and poor prognosis, with limited effective systemic therapies available. In the era of precision medicine, treatment efficacy might be improved by combining personalized systemic therapies. Since oncogenic activation is one of the primary driving forces in HCC, characterization of these oncogenes can provide insights for developing new targeted therapies. Based on RNA sequencing of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-induced HCC cells, this study discovers and characterizes glioma pathogenesis-related protein 1 (GLIPR1) that robustly drives HCC progression and can potentially serve as a prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target with clinical utility. GLIPR1 serves opposing roles and involves distinct mechanisms in different cancers. However, based on integrated in-silico analysis, in vitro and in vivo functional investigations, we demonstrate that GLIPR1 plays a multi-faceted oncogenic role in HCC development via enhancing tumor proliferation, metastasis, and 5FU resistance. We also found that GLIPR1 induces EMT and is actively involved in the PI3K/PDK1/ROCK1 singling axis to exert its oncogenic effects. Thus, pre-clinical evaluation of GLIPR1 and its downstream factors in HCC patients might facilitate further discovery of therapeutic targets, as well as improve HCC chemotherapeutic outcomes and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuen Chak Tiu
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lanqi Gong
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,State Key Laboratory of Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Clinical Oncology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Luo
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,State Key Laboratory of Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Clinical Oncology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yuma Yang
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,State Key Laboratory of Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Clinical Oncology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ying Tang
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,State Key Laboratory of Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Clinical Oncology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wing-Mui Lee
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,State Key Laboratory of Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xin-Yuan Guan
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China. .,Department of Clinical Oncology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.
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Multitargeting the Action of 5-HT 6 Serotonin Receptor Ligands by Additional Modulation of Kinases in the Search for a New Therapy for Alzheimer's Disease: Can It Work from a Molecular Point of View? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158768. [PMID: 35955902 PMCID: PMC9368844 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In view of the unsatisfactory treatment of cognitive disorders, in particular Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the aim of this review was to perform a computer-aided analysis of the state of the art that will help in the search for innovative polypharmacology-based therapeutic approaches to fight against AD. Apart from 20-year unrenewed cholinesterase- or NMDA-based AD therapy, the hope of effectively treating Alzheimer’s disease has been placed on serotonin 5-HT6 receptor (5-HT6R), due to its proven, both for agonists and antagonists, beneficial procognitive effects in animal models; however, research into this treatment has so far not been successfully translated to human patients. Recent lines of evidence strongly emphasize the role of kinases, in particular microtubule affinity-regulating kinase 4 (MARK4), Rho-associated coiled-coil-containing protein kinase I/II (ROCKI/II) and cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) in the etiology of AD, pointing to the therapeutic potential of their inhibitors not only against the symptoms, but also the causes of this disease. Thus, finding a drug that acts simultaneously on both 5-HT6R and one of those kinases will provide a potential breakthrough in AD treatment. The pharmacophore- and docking-based comprehensive literature analysis performed herein serves to answer the question of whether the design of these kind of dual agents is possible, and the conclusions turned out to be highly promising.
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Mechanistic and therapeutic perspectives of baicalin and baicalein on pulmonary hypertension: A comprehensive review. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 151:113191. [PMID: 35643068 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a chronic and fatal disease, for which new therapeutic drugs and approaches are needed urgently. Baicalein and baicalin, the active compounds of the traditional Chinese medicine, Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, exhibit a wide range of pharmacological activities. Numerous studies involving in vitro and in vivo models of PH have revealed that the treatment with baicalin and baicalein may be effective. This review summarizes the potential mechanisms driving the beneficial effects of baicalin and baicalein treatment on PH, including anti-inflammatory response, inhibition of pulmonary smooth muscle cell proliferation and endothelial-to-mesenchymal transformation, stabilization of the extracellular matrix, and mitigation of oxidative stress. The pharmacokinetics of these compounds have also been reviewed. The therapeutic potential of baicalin and baicalein warrants their continued study as natural treatments for PH.
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Lee DH, Lee JY, Hong DY, Lee EC, Park SW, Jo YN, Park YJ, Cho JY, Cho YJ, Chae SH, Lee MR, Oh JS. ROCK and PDE-5 Inhibitors for the Treatment of Dementia: Literature Review and Meta-Analysis. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10061348. [PMID: 35740369 PMCID: PMC9219677 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10061348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Dementia is a disease in which memory, thought, and behavior-related disorders progress gradually due to brain damage caused by injury or disease. It is mainly caused by Alzheimer’s disease or vascular dementia and several other risk factors, including genetic factors. It is difficult to treat as its incidence continues to increase worldwide. Many studies have been performed concerning the treatment of this condition. Rho-associated kinase (ROCK) and phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE-5) are attracting attention as pharmacological treatments to improve the symptoms. This review discusses how ROCK and PDE-5 affect Alzheimer’s disease, vascular restructuring, and exacerbation of neuroinflammation, and how their inhibition helps improve cognitive function. In addition, the results of the animal behavior analysis experiments utilizing the Morris water maze were compared through meta-analysis to analyze the effects of ROCK inhibitors and PDE-5 inhibitors on cognitive function. According to the selection criteria, 997 publications on ROCK and 1772 publications on PDE-5 were screened, and conclusions were drawn through meta-analysis. Both inhibitors showed good improvement in cognitive function tests, and what is expected of the synergy effect of the two drugs was confirmed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Hun Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan Hospital, Cheonan 31151, Korea; (D.-H.L.); (J.Y.L.); (D.-Y.H.); (E.C.L.); (S.-W.P.)
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science (SIMS), Soon Chun Hyang University, Cheonan 31151, Korea
| | - Ji Young Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan Hospital, Cheonan 31151, Korea; (D.-H.L.); (J.Y.L.); (D.-Y.H.); (E.C.L.); (S.-W.P.)
| | - Dong-Yong Hong
- Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan Hospital, Cheonan 31151, Korea; (D.-H.L.); (J.Y.L.); (D.-Y.H.); (E.C.L.); (S.-W.P.)
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science (SIMS), Soon Chun Hyang University, Cheonan 31151, Korea
| | - Eun Chae Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan Hospital, Cheonan 31151, Korea; (D.-H.L.); (J.Y.L.); (D.-Y.H.); (E.C.L.); (S.-W.P.)
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science (SIMS), Soon Chun Hyang University, Cheonan 31151, Korea
| | - Sang-Won Park
- Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan Hospital, Cheonan 31151, Korea; (D.-H.L.); (J.Y.L.); (D.-Y.H.); (E.C.L.); (S.-W.P.)
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science (SIMS), Soon Chun Hyang University, Cheonan 31151, Korea
| | - Yu Na Jo
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 31151, Korea; (Y.N.J.); (Y.J.P.); (J.Y.C.); (Y.J.C.); (S.H.C.)
| | - Yu Jin Park
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 31151, Korea; (Y.N.J.); (Y.J.P.); (J.Y.C.); (Y.J.C.); (S.H.C.)
| | - Jae Young Cho
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 31151, Korea; (Y.N.J.); (Y.J.P.); (J.Y.C.); (Y.J.C.); (S.H.C.)
| | - Yoo Jin Cho
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 31151, Korea; (Y.N.J.); (Y.J.P.); (J.Y.C.); (Y.J.C.); (S.H.C.)
| | - Su Hyun Chae
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 31151, Korea; (Y.N.J.); (Y.J.P.); (J.Y.C.); (Y.J.C.); (S.H.C.)
| | - Man Ryul Lee
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science (SIMS), Soon Chun Hyang University, Cheonan 31151, Korea
- Correspondence: (M.R.L.); (J.S.O.)
| | - Jae Sang Oh
- Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan Hospital, Cheonan 31151, Korea; (D.-H.L.); (J.Y.L.); (D.-Y.H.); (E.C.L.); (S.-W.P.)
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science (SIMS), Soon Chun Hyang University, Cheonan 31151, Korea
- Correspondence: (M.R.L.); (J.S.O.)
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Tanshinone IIA improves sepsis-induced acute lung injury through the ROCK2/NF-κB axis. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2022; 446:116021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2022.116021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Signaling pathways and targeted therapy for myocardial infarction. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:78. [PMID: 35273164 PMCID: PMC8913803 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-00925-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 102.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the treatment of myocardial infarction (MI) has improved considerably, it is still a worldwide disease with high morbidity and high mortality. Whilst there is still a long way to go for discovering ideal treatments, therapeutic strategies committed to cardioprotection and cardiac repair following cardiac ischemia are emerging. Evidence of pathological characteristics in MI illustrates cell signaling pathways that participate in the survival, proliferation, apoptosis, autophagy of cardiomyocytes, endothelial cells, fibroblasts, monocytes, and stem cells. These signaling pathways include the key players in inflammation response, e.g., NLRP3/caspase-1 and TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB; the crucial mediators in oxidative stress and apoptosis, for instance, Notch, Hippo/YAP, RhoA/ROCK, Nrf2/HO-1, and Sonic hedgehog; the controller of myocardial fibrosis such as TGF-β/SMADs and Wnt/β-catenin; and the main regulator of angiogenesis, PI3K/Akt, MAPK, JAK/STAT, Sonic hedgehog, etc. Since signaling pathways play an important role in administering the process of MI, aiming at targeting these aberrant signaling pathways and improving the pathological manifestations in MI is indispensable and promising. Hence, drug therapy, gene therapy, protein therapy, cell therapy, and exosome therapy have been emerging and are known as novel therapies. In this review, we summarize the therapeutic strategies for MI by regulating these associated pathways, which contribute to inhibiting cardiomyocytes death, attenuating inflammation, enhancing angiogenesis, etc. so as to repair and re-functionalize damaged hearts.
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Shi J, Wei L. Rho Kinases in Embryonic Development and Stem Cell Research. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2022; 70:4. [PMID: 35043239 PMCID: PMC8766376 DOI: 10.1007/s00005-022-00642-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The Rho-associated coiled-coil containing kinases (ROCKs or Rho kinases) belong to the AGC (PKA/PKG/PKC) family of serine/threonine kinases and are major downstream effectors of small GTPase RhoA, a key regulator of actin-cytoskeleton reorganization. The ROCK family contains two members, ROCK1 and ROCK2, which share 65% overall identity and 92% identity in kinase domain. ROCK1 and ROCK2 were assumed to be functionally redundant, based largely on their major common activators, their high degree kinase domain homology, and study results from overexpression with kinase constructs or chemical inhibitors. ROCK signaling research has expanded to all areas of biology and medicine since its discovery in 1996. The rapid advance is befitting ROCK’s versatile functions in modulating various cell behavior, such as contraction, adhesion, migration, proliferation, polarity, cytokinesis, and differentiation. The rapid advance is noticeably driven by an extensive linking with clinical medicine, including cardiovascular abnormalities, aberrant immune responsive, and cancer development and metastasis. The rapid advance during the past decade is further powered by novel biotechnologies including CRISPR-Cas and single cell omics. Current consensus, derived mainly from gene targeting and RNA interference approaches, is that the two ROCK isoforms have overlapping and distinct cellular, physiological and pathophysiology roles. In this review, we present an overview of the milestone discoveries in ROCK research. We then focus on the current understanding of ROCK signaling in embryonic development, current research status using knockout and knockin mouse models, and stem cell research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjian Shi
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Indiana University, 1044 West Walnut Street, R4-370, Indianapolis, IN, 46202-5225, USA.
| | - Lei Wei
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Indiana University, 1044 West Walnut Street, R4-370, Indianapolis, IN, 46202-5225, USA.
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Identification of the Kinase-Substrate Recognition Interface between MYPT1 and Rho-Kinase. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12020159. [PMID: 35204659 PMCID: PMC8869655 DOI: 10.3390/biom12020159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein kinases exert physiological functions through phosphorylating their specific substrates; however, the mode of kinase–substrate recognition is not fully understood. Rho-kinase is a Ser/Thr protein kinase that regulates cytoskeletal reorganization through phosphorylating myosin light chain (MLC) and the myosin phosphatase targeting subunit 1 (MYPT1) of MLC phosphatase (MLCP) and is involved in various diseases, due to its aberrant cellular contraction, morphology, and movement. Despite the importance of the prediction and identification of substrates and phosphorylation sites, understanding of the precise regularity in phosphorylation preference of Rho-kinase remains far from satisfactory. Here we analyzed the Rho-kinase–MYPT1 interaction, to understand the mode of Rho-kinase substrate recognition and found that the three short regions of MYPT1 close to phosphorylation sites (referred to as docking motifs (DMs); DM1 (DLQEAEKTIGRS), DM2 (KSQPKSIRERRRPR), and DM3 (RKARSRQAR)) are important for interactions with Rho-kinase. The phosphorylation levels of MYPT1 without DMs were reduced, and the effects were limited to the neighboring phosphorylation sites. We further demonstrated that the combination of pseudosubstrate (PS) and DM of MYPT1 (PS1 + DM3 and PS2 + DM2) serves as a potent inhibitor of Rho-kinase. The present information will be useful in identifying new substrates and developing selective Rho-kinase inhibitors.
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Circ_HECTD1 regulates cerebral ischemia injury via mechanisms involving the regulation of let-7c-5p/ROCK1 axis. Neuroreport 2022; 33:13-22. [PMID: 34874325 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000001743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ischemia is the main cause of cerebral ischemic stroke with a high mortality rate, and it is affected by the dysfunction of circular RNAs. The underlying molecular mechanisms of circ_HECTD1 were explored in cerebral ischemia stroke. METHODS PC-12 cells were treated with oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) as the cell model of cerebral ischemia model. The expression levels of circ_HECTD1, let-7c-5p, and Rho-associated coiled-coil-containing protein kinase 1 (ROCK1) were determined by quantitative real-time PCR in PC-12 cells. The proliferation ability of PC-12 cells was assessed by 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine and 3-(4,5-dimethylthizol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assays. The protein expression levels were quantified by western blot analysis. Flow cytometry was performed to analyze cell apoptosis. Lactate dehydrogenase concentration was assessed by a commercialized kit. Dual-luciferase reporter assay was used to confirm the interaction relationships among circ_HECTD1, let-7c-5p and ROCK1. RESULTS Circ_HECTD1 was upregulated in OGD/R-treated PC-12 cells. The results also showed that cell proliferation was decreased and apoptosis was increased in OGD/R-treated PC-12 cells, which was overturned by the inhibition of circ_HECTD1. Let-7c-5p was a target of circ_HECTD1, and the protective effects of circ_HECTD1 knockdown on OGD/R-treated PC-12 cells were canceled after co-transfection with let-7c-5p inhibitor. We found that ROCK1 was a potential target of let-7c-5p. Let-7c-5p -mediated the effects on the proliferation and apoptosis of OGD/R-treated PC-12 cells by targeting ROCK1. CONCLUSION Circ_HECTD1 was implicated in the development of cerebral ischemia stroke. Knockdown of circ_HECTD1 protected against cerebral ischemia injury in OGD/R-treated PC-12 cells depending on the regulation of let-7c-5p/ROCK1 axis.
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Smith NA, Chan GC, O’Connor CM. Modulation of host cell signaling during cytomegalovirus latency and reactivation. Virol J 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s12985-021-01674-1
expr 947873540 + 978833141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractBackgroundHuman cytomegalovirus (HCMV) resides latently in cells of the myeloid compartment, including CD34+hematopoietic progenitor cells and circulating monocytes. Healthy hosts maintain the virus latently, and this infection is, for the most part, asymptomatic. However, given the proper external cues, HCMV reactivates from latency, at which point the virus disseminates, causing disease. The viral and cellular factors dictating the balance between these phases of infection are incompletely understood, though a large body of literature support a role for viral-mediated manipulation of host cell signaling.Main bodyTo establish and maintain latency, HCMV has evolved various means by which it usurps host cell factors to alter the cellular environment to its own advantage, including altering host cell signaling cascades. As early as virus entry into myeloid cells, HCMV usurps cellular signaling to change the cellular milieu, and this regulation includes upregulation, as well as downregulation, of different signaling cascades. Indeed, given proper reactivation cues, this signaling is again altered to allow for transactivation of viral lytic genes.ConclusionsHCMV modulation of host cell signaling is not binary, and many of the cellular pathways altered are finely regulated, wherein the slightest modification imparts profound changes to the cellular milieu. It is also evident that viral-mediated cell signaling differs not only between these phases of infection, but also is myeloid cell type specific. Nonetheless, understanding the exact pathways and the means by which HCMV mediates them will undoubtedly provide novel targets for therapeutic intervention.
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Zhang X, Zhang JG, Mu W, Zhou HM, Liu GL, Li Q. The role of daurisoline treatment in hepatocellular carcinoma: Inhibiting vasculogenic mimicry formation and enhancing sensitivity to sorafenib. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 92:153740. [PMID: 34600176 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vasculogenic mimicry (VM) is a newly described tumor vascular phenomenon that is independent of traditional angiogenesis and provides an adequate blood supply for tumor growth. VM has been consistently observed in different cancer types. Hence, inhibition of VM may be considered a new anticancer therapeutic strategy. PURPOSE This study aimed to elucidate the potential anticancer effect of daurisoline (DS) on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and the potential molecular mechanism by which DS inhibits VM. We also verified whether combination treatment with sorafenib and DS constitutes a novel therapeutic approach to prevent HCC progression. METHODS The effects of DS on proliferation were evaluated by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), colony formation, and 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU) incorporation assays. 4',6-Diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining and flow cytometric analysis were employed to investigate its effects on apoptosis. Western blot analysis, Matrigel tube formation assays, pulldown assays and immunofluorescence staining were applied to validate the potential mechanism by which DS inhibits VM. Mouse xenograft models were used to evaluate anticancer activities. RESULTS DS inhibited HCC cell proliferation, induced HCC cell apoptosis and repressed VM formation by inactivating RhoA/ROCK2-mediated AKT and ERK-p38 MAPK signaling. Additionally, DS dramatically sensitized HCC cell lines to sorafenib, a curative anticancer drug for patients with advanced HCC. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying DS-induced inhibition of VM, which may facilitate the development of a novel clinical anti-HCC drug. Moreover, our findings suggest that the combination of DS and sorafenib constitutes a potential therapeutic strategy for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 100 Haining Road, Shanghai, 200080, China; Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Eye Diseases Prevention & Treatment Center, National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Ji-Gang Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 100 Haining Road, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Wan Mu
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Eye Diseases Prevention & Treatment Center, National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - He-Ming Zhou
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 100 Haining Road, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Gao-Lin Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 100 Haining Road, Shanghai, 200080, China; Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Eye Diseases Prevention & Treatment Center, National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai, 200040, China.
| | - Qin Li
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 100 Haining Road, Shanghai, 200080, China.
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Mendoza FA, Jimenez SA. Serine-Threonine Kinase inhibition as antifibrotic therapy: TGF-β and ROCK inhibitors. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2021; 61:1354-1365. [PMID: 34664623 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keab762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Serine-threonine kinases mediate the phosphorylation of intracellular protein targets, transferring a phosphorus group from an ATP molecule to the specific amino acid residues within the target proteins. Serine-threonine kinases regulate multiple key cellular functions. From this large group of kinases, transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) through the serine-threonine activity of its receptors and Rho kinase (ROCK) play an important role in the development and maintenance of fibrosis in various human diseases, including systemic sclerosis. In recent years, multiple drugs targeting and inhibiting these kinases, have been developed, opening the possibility of becoming potential antifibrotic agents of clinical value for treating fibrotic diseases. This review analyzes the contribution of TGF- β and ROCK-mediated serine-threonine kinase molecular pathways to the development and maintenance of pathological fibrosis and the potential clinical use of their inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian A Mendoza
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine. Thomas Jefferson University. Philadelphia, PA, USA 19107.,Jefferson Institute of Molecular Medicine and Scleroderma Center. Thomas Jefferson University. Philadelphia, PA, USA 19107
| | - Sergio A Jimenez
- Jefferson Institute of Molecular Medicine and Scleroderma Center. Thomas Jefferson University. Philadelphia, PA, USA 19107
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Modulation of host cell signaling during cytomegalovirus latency and reactivation. Virol J 2021; 18:207. [PMID: 34663377 PMCID: PMC8524946 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-021-01674-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) resides latently in cells of the myeloid compartment, including CD34+ hematopoietic progenitor cells and circulating monocytes. Healthy hosts maintain the virus latently, and this infection is, for the most part, asymptomatic. However, given the proper external cues, HCMV reactivates from latency, at which point the virus disseminates, causing disease. The viral and cellular factors dictating the balance between these phases of infection are incompletely understood, though a large body of literature support a role for viral-mediated manipulation of host cell signaling. Main body To establish and maintain latency, HCMV has evolved various means by which it usurps host cell factors to alter the cellular environment to its own advantage, including altering host cell signaling cascades. As early as virus entry into myeloid cells, HCMV usurps cellular signaling to change the cellular milieu, and this regulation includes upregulation, as well as downregulation, of different signaling cascades. Indeed, given proper reactivation cues, this signaling is again altered to allow for transactivation of viral lytic genes. Conclusions HCMV modulation of host cell signaling is not binary, and many of the cellular pathways altered are finely regulated, wherein the slightest modification imparts profound changes to the cellular milieu. It is also evident that viral-mediated cell signaling differs not only between these phases of infection, but also is myeloid cell type specific. Nonetheless, understanding the exact pathways and the means by which HCMV mediates them will undoubtedly provide novel targets for therapeutic intervention.
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Chen YH, Li CL, Chen WJ, Liu J, Wu HT. Diverse roles of FOXO family members in gastric cancer. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2021; 13:1367-1382. [PMID: 34721771 PMCID: PMC8529928 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v13.i10.1367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is the fifth most diagnosed cancer and the third leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Although progress has been made in diagnosis, surgical resection, systemic chemotherapy, and immunotherapy, patients with GC still have a poor prognosis. The overall 5-year survival rate in patients with advanced GC is less than 5%. The FOXO subfamily, of the forkhead box family of transcription factors, consists of four members, FOXO1, FOXO3, FOXO4, and FOXO6. This subfamily plays an important role in many cellular processes, such as cell cycle, cell growth, apoptosis, autophagy, stress resistance, protection from aggregate toxicity, DNA repair, tumor suppression, and metabolism, in both normal tissue and malignant tumors. Various studies support a role for FOXOs as tumor suppressors based on their ability to inhibit angiogenesis and metastasis, and promote apoptosis, yet several other studies have shown that FOXOs might also promote tumor progression in certain circumstances. To elucidate the diverse roles of FOXOs in GC, this article systematically reviews the cellular functions of FOXOs in GC to determine potential therapeutic targets and treatment strategies for patients with GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Han Chen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong Province, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Breast Cancer, Changjiang Scholar's Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Chun-Lan Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Breast Cancer, Changjiang Scholar's Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Wen-Jia Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Breast Cancer, Changjiang Scholar's Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Breast Cancer, Changjiang Scholar's Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hua-Tao Wu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong Province, China
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Martín-Cámara O, Cores Á, López-Alvarado P, Menéndez JC. Emerging targets in drug discovery against neurodegenerative diseases: Control of synapsis disfunction by the RhoA/ROCK pathway. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 225:113742. [PMID: 34388381 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Synaptic spine morphology is controlled by the activity of Rac1, Cdc42 and RhoA, which need to be finely balanced, and in particular RhoA/ROCK prevents the formation of new protrusions by stabilizing actin formation. These processes are crucial to the maturation process, slowing the de novo generation of new spines. The RhoA/ROCK also influences plasticity processes, and selective modulation by ROCK1 of MLC-dependent actin dynamics leads to neurite retraction, but not to spine retraction. ROCK1 is also responsible for the reduction of the readily releasable pool of synaptic vesicles. These and other evidences suggest that ROCK1 is the main isoform acting on the presynaptic neuron. On the other hand, ROCK2 seems to have broad effects on LIMK/cofilin-dependent plasticity processes such as cofilin-dependent PSD changes. The RhoA/ROCK pathway is an important factor in several different brain-related pathologies via both downstream and upstream pathways. In the aggregate, these evidences show that the RhoA/ROCK pathway has a central role in the etiopathogenesis of a large group of CNS diseases, which underscores the importance of the pharmacological modulation of RhoA/ROCK as an important pathway to drug discovery in the neurodegenerative disease area. This article aims at providing the first review of the role of compounds acting on the RhoA/ROCK pathway in the control of synaptic disfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olmo Martín-Cámara
- Unidad de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Departamento de Química en Ciencias Farmacéuticas. Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ángel Cores
- Unidad de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Departamento de Química en Ciencias Farmacéuticas. Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar López-Alvarado
- Unidad de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Departamento de Química en Ciencias Farmacéuticas. Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - J Carlos Menéndez
- Unidad de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Departamento de Química en Ciencias Farmacéuticas. Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
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Cai R, Wang Y, Huang Z, Zou Q, Pu Y, Yu C, Cai Z. Role of RhoA/ROCK signaling in Alzheimer's disease. Behav Brain Res 2021; 414:113481. [PMID: 34302876 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Rho-associated coiled-coil kinase (ROCK), a serine/threonine kinase regulated by the small GTPase RhoA, is involved in regulating cell migration, proliferation, and survival. Numerous studies have shown that the RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway can promote Alzheimer's disease (AD) occurrence. ROCK activation increases β-secretase activity and promotes amyloid-beta (Aβ) production; moreover, Aβ further activates ROCK. This is suggestive of a possible positive feedback role for Aβ and ROCK. Moreover, ROCK activation promotes the formation of neurofibrillary tangles and abnormal synaptic contraction. Additionally, ROCK activation can promote the neuroinflammatory response by activating microglia and astrocytes to release inflammatory cytokines. Therefore, ROCK is a promising drug target in AD; further, there is a need to elucidate the specific mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- RuoLan Cai
- Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563003, China; Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Chongqing, 400013, China; Department of Neurology, Chongqing General Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400013, China
| | - YangYang Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Chongqing, 400013, China; Department of Neurology, Chongqing General Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400013, China
| | - ZhenTing Huang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Chongqing, 400013, China; Department of Neurology, Chongqing General Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400013, China
| | - Qian Zou
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Chongqing, 400013, China; Department of Neurology, Chongqing General Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400013, China
| | - YinShuang Pu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Chongqing, 400013, China; Department of Neurology, Chongqing General Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400013, China
| | - Changyin Yu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China.
| | - Zhiyou Cai
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Chongqing, 400013, China; Department of Neurology, Chongqing General Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400013, China.
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45
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ROCK Inhibition as Potential Target for Treatment of Pulmonary Hypertension. Cells 2021; 10:cells10071648. [PMID: 34209333 PMCID: PMC8303917 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a cardiovascular disease caused by extensive vascular remodeling in the lungs, which ultimately leads to death in consequence of right ventricle (RV) failure. While current drugs for PH therapy address the sustained vasoconstriction, no agent effectively targets vascular cell proliferation and tissue inflammation. Rho-associated protein kinases (ROCKs) emerged in the last few decades as promising targets for PH therapy, since ROCK inhibitors demonstrated significant anti-remodeling and anti-inflammatory effects. In this review, current aspects of ROCK inhibition therapy are discussed in relation to the treatment of PH and RV dysfunction, from cell biology to preclinical and clinical studies.
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46
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Liu Y, Su YY, Yang Q, Zhou T. Stem cells in the treatment of renal fibrosis: a review of preclinical and clinical studies of renal fibrosis pathogenesis. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:333. [PMID: 34112221 PMCID: PMC8194041 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02391-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal fibrosis commonly leads to glomerulosclerosis and renal interstitial fibrosis and the main pathological basis involves tubular atrophy and the abnormal increase and excessive deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM). Renal fibrosis can progress to chronic kidney disease. Stem cells have multilineage differentiation potential under appropriate conditions and are easy to obtain. At present, there have been some studies showing that stem cells can alleviate the accumulation of ECM and renal fibrosis. However, the sources of stem cells and the types of renal fibrosis or renal fibrosis models used in these studies have differed. In this review, we summarize the pathogenesis (including signaling pathways) of renal fibrosis, and the effect of stem cell therapy on renal fibrosis as described in preclinical and clinical studies. We found that stem cells from various sources have certain effects on improving renal function and alleviating renal fibrosis. However, additional clinical studies should be conducted to confirm this conclusion in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiping Liu
- Department of Nephrology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, No. 69 Dongsha Road, Shantou, 515041, China
| | - Yan-Yan Su
- Department of Nephrology, Huadu District People's Hospital of Guangzhou, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qian Yang
- Department of Nephrology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, No. 69 Dongsha Road, Shantou, 515041, China
| | - Tianbiao Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, No. 69 Dongsha Road, Shantou, 515041, China.
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47
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Competing Endogenous RNAs in Cervical Carcinogenesis: A New Layer of Complexity. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9060991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate gene expression by binding to complementary sequences within target mRNAs. Apart from working ‘solo’, miRNAs may interact in important molecular networks such as competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) axes. By competing for a limited pool of miRNAs, transcripts such as long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and mRNAs can regulate each other, fine-tuning gene expression. Several ceRNA networks led by different lncRNAs—described here as lncRNA-mediated ceRNAs—seem to play essential roles in cervical cancer (CC). By conducting an extensive search, we summarized networks involved in CC, highlighting the major impacts of such dynamic molecular changes over multiple cellular processes. Through the sponging of distinct miRNAs, some lncRNAs as HOTAIR, MALAT1, NEAT1, OIP5-AS1, and XIST trigger crucial molecular changes, ultimately increasing cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and inhibiting apoptosis. Likewise, several lncRNAs seem to be a sponge for important tumor-suppressive miRNAs (as miR-140-5p, miR-143-3p, miR-148a-3p, and miR-206), impairing such molecules from exerting a negative post-transcriptional regulation over target mRNAs. Curiously, some of the involved mRNAs code for important proteins such as PTEN, ROCK1, and MAPK1, known to modulate cell growth, proliferation, apoptosis, and adhesion in CC. Overall, we highlight important lncRNA-mediated functional interactions occurring in cervical cells and their closely related impact on cervical carcinogenesis.
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48
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Schelch K, Vogel L, Schneller A, Brankovic J, Mohr T, Mayer RL, Slany A, Gerner C, Grusch M. EGF Induces Migration Independent of EMT or Invasion in A549 Lung Adenocarcinoma Cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:634371. [PMID: 33777943 PMCID: PMC7994520 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.634371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumors and the tumor microenvironment produce multiple growth factors that influence cancer cell behavior via various signal transduction pathways. Growth factors, like transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) and epidermal growth factor (EGF), have been shown to induce proliferation, migration, and invasion in different cell models. Both factors are frequently overexpressed in cancer and will often act in combination. Although both factors are being used as rational targets in clinical oncology, the similarities and differences of their contributions to cancer cell migration and invasion are not fully understood. Here we compared the impact of treating A549 lung adenocarcinoma cells with TGFβ, EGF, and both in combination by applying videomicroscopy, functional assays, immunoblotting, real-time PCR, and proteomics. Treatment with both factors stimulated A549 migration to a similar extent, but with different kinetics. The combination had an additive effect. EGF-induced migration depended on activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. However, this pathway was dispensable for TGFβ-induced migration, despite a strong activation of this pathway by TGFβ. Proteome analysis (data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD023024) revealed an overlap in expression patterns of migration-related proteins and associated gene ontology (GO) terms by TGFβ and EGF. Further, only TGFβ induced the expression of epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related proteins like matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2). EGF, in contrast, made no major contribution to EMT marker expression on either the protein or the transcript level. In line with these expression patterns, TGFβ treatment significantly increased the invasive capacity of A549 cells, while EGF treatment did not. Moreover, the addition of EGF failed to enhance TGFβ-induced invasion. Overall, these data suggest that TGFβ and EGF can partly compensate for each other for stimulation of cell migration, but abrogation of TGFβ signaling may be more suitable to suppress cell invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Schelch
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lisa Vogel
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anja Schneller
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jelena Brankovic
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Mohr
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rupert L Mayer
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Astrid Slany
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christopher Gerner
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Grusch
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Yes-Associated Protein 1 Is a Novel Calcium Sensing Receptor Target in Human Parathyroid Tumors. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22042016. [PMID: 33670622 PMCID: PMC7922006 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22042016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The Hippo pathway is involved in human tumorigenesis and tissue repair. Here, we investigated the Hippo coactivator Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1) and the kinase large tumor suppressor 1/2 (LATS1/2) in tumors of the parathyroid glands, which are almost invariably associated with primary hyperparathyroidism. Compared with normal parathyroid glands, parathyroid adenomas (PAds) and carcinomas show variably but reduced nuclear YAP1 expression. The kinase LATS1/2, which phosphorylates YAP1 thus promoting its degradation, was also variably reduced in PAds. Further, YAP1 silencing reduces the expression of the key parathyroid oncosuppressor multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1(MEN1), while MEN1 silencing increases YAP1 expression. Treatment of patient-derived PAds-primary cell cultures and Human embryonic kidney 293A (HEK293A) cells expressing the calcium-sensing receptor (CASR) with the CASR agonist R568 induces YAP1 nuclear accumulation. This effect was prevented by the incubation of the cells with RhoA/Rho-associated coiled-coil-containing protein kinase (ROCK) inhibitors Y27632 and H1152. Lastly, CASR activation increased the expression of the YAP1 gene targets CYR61, CTGF, and WNT5A, and this effect was blunted by YAP1 silencing. Concluding, here we provide preliminary evidence of the involvement of the Hippo pathway in human tumor parathyroid cells and of the existence of a CASR-ROCK-YAP1 axis. We propose a tumor suppressor role for YAP1 and LATS1/2 in parathyroid tumors.
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Miao J, Wang B, Shao R, Wang Y. CircUSP36 knockdown alleviates oxidized low‑density lipoprotein‑induced cell injury and inflammatory responses in human umbilical vein endothelial cells via the miR‑20a‑5p/ROCK2 axis. Int J Mol Med 2021; 47:40. [PMID: 33576448 PMCID: PMC7891832 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2021.4873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The dysfunctions of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) are important features of atherosclerosis (AS). Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are regulators of a wide range of human diseases, including AS. The present study aimed to investigate the role of circUSP36 in the ectopic phenotype of HUVECs and to provide evidence of the involvement of circUSP36 in the pathogenesis of AS. AS cell models in vitro were established using HUVECs exposed to oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL). Cell viability, cell cycle progression and apoptosis, and cell migration and invasion were assessed by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, flow cytometric assay and Transwell assay, respectively. The expression levels or releases of pro-inflammatory factors were detected by western blot analysis or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The mRNA expression of circUSP36, miR-20a-5p and Rho-associated coiled-coil kinase 2 (ROCK2) was detected by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), and the protein level of ROCK2 was detected by western blot analysis. The targeted association between miR-20a-5p and circUSP36 or ROCK2 was verified by dual-luciferase reporter assay and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assay. The results revealed that circUSP36 was highly expressed in ox-LDL-exposed HUVECs. CircUSP36 knockdown attenuated ox-LDL-induced cell cycle arrest, cell apoptosis and inflammatory responses, and promoted cell migration and invasion which had been blocked by ox-LDL. miR-20a-5p was found to be a target of circUSP36, and miR-20a-5p inhibition reversed the effects of circUSP36 knockdown. Moreover, miR-20a-5p directly bound to ROCK2, and miR-20a-5p inhibition aggravated ox-LDL-induced injury by increasing the ROCK2 level. More importantly, circUSP36 targeted miR-20a-5p to regulate the expression of ROCK2. On the whole, the present study demonstrates that, circUSP36 regulates ox-LDL-induced HUVEC injury and inflammation by modulating ROCK2 via competitively targeting miR-20a-5p.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Miao
- Department of Cardiology, Zaozhuang Municipal Hospital, Zaozhuang, Shandong 277100, P.R. China
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Zaozhuang Hospital of Zaozhuang Mining Group, Zaozhuang, Shandong 277100, P.R. China
| | - Ran Shao
- Nursing Department, Zaozhuang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zaozhuang, Shandong 277100, P.R. China
| | - Yan Wang
- Nursing Department, Zaozhuang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zaozhuang, Shandong 277100, P.R. China
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