1
|
Zhou J, Felix FA, Jiang Y, Li D, Kim MC, Jang D, Cha S, Yu Q. Altered characteristics of regulatory T cells in target tissues of Sjögren's syndrome in murine models. Mol Immunol 2024; 174:47-56. [PMID: 39197397 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2024.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2024] [Revised: 07/31/2024] [Accepted: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024]
Abstract
Sjӧgren's syndrome (SS), also known as Sjögren's disease, is a chronic autoimmune condition predominantly affecting the salivary and lacrimal glands. The disease is driven by autoimmune responses involving the activation and actions of major innate- and adaptive immune cell subsets. However, the specific characteristics and roles of regulatory T cells (Tregs) in SS remain elusive. This study seeks to clarify the main phenotypic and functional attributes of Tregs in the salivary glands and their draining lymph nodes in murine models of SS. Our flow cytometric analysis revealed that Tregs in the salivary gland-draining lymph nodes of female non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice, a spontaneous model of SS, exhibited a greater proportion of activated Tregs and fewer resting Tregs compared to Balb/c mice. Furthermore, Tregs from the salivary gland-draining lymph nodes of female C57BL/6.NOD-Aec1Aec2 (B6.NOD-Aec) mice, a model for primary SS, demonstrated significantly lower IL-10 production but markedly higher IFNγ- and IL-17 production than their C57BL/6 counterparts. Additionally, treatment of C57BL/6 Tregs with IL-7, a cytokine critical for SS pathogenesis, resulted in diminished IL-10 production and enhanced IFNγ and IL-17 production in these cells. Notably, the alterations in B6.NOD-Aec Tregs also included an increased expression of the immune-inhibitory molecule CTLA-4 compared to the C57BL/6 Tregs. Intriguingly, in vitro co-cultures of Tregs with conventional CD4 T cells and other key immune populations from lymph nodes indicated that Tregs from salivary gland-draining lymph nodes of both B6.NOD-Aec and C57BL/6 strains exhibited comparable and limited immunosuppressive effects on the proliferation and function of conventional CD4 T cells. The ability of B6.NOD-Aec Tregs to directly inflict damages to salivary gland epithelial tissues and contribute to SS pathologies through IFNγ and IL-17 that they produce warrants further investigations. In addition, enhancing the relatively weak immunosuppressive capacities of these Tregs may also serve as a viable strategy to alleviate the SS phenotype in the mouse models and potentially in patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhou
- The ADA Forsyth Institute, 245 First Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Fernanda Aragão Felix
- The ADA Forsyth Institute, 245 First Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Oral Surgery, Pathology, and Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Yuqiao Jiang
- The ADA Forsyth Institute, 245 First Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Dongfang Li
- The ADA Forsyth Institute, 245 First Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Myung-Chul Kim
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeju National University, 102, Jejudaehak-ro, Jeju-si, Jeju-do 63243, South Korea
| | - Daesong Jang
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Diagnostic Sciences, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; Center for Orphaned Autoimmune Disorders, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Seunghee Cha
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Diagnostic Sciences, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; Center for Orphaned Autoimmune Disorders, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Qing Yu
- The ADA Forsyth Institute, 245 First Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wu X, Cheong LY, Yuan L, Jin L, Zhang Z, Xiao Y, Zhou Z, Xu A, Hoo RLC, Shu L. Islet-Resident Memory T Cells Orchestrate the Immunopathogenesis of Type 1 Diabetes through the FABP4-CXCL10 Axis. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2308461. [PMID: 38884133 PMCID: PMC11321687 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202308461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a chronic disease characterized by self-destruction of insulin-producing pancreatic β cells by cytotoxic T cell activity. However, the pathogenic mechanism of T cell infiltration remains obscure. Recently, tissue-resident memory T (TRM) cells have been shown to contribute to cytotoxic T cell recruitment. TRM cells are found present in human pancreas and are suggested to modulate immune homeostasis. Here, the role of TRM cells in the development of T1D is investigated. The presence of TRM cells in pancreatic islets is observed in non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice before T1D onset. Mechanistically, elevated fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4) potentiates the survival and alarming function of TRM cells by promoting fatty acid utilization and C-X-C motif chemokine 10 (CXCL10) secretion, respectively. In NOD mice, genetic deletion of FABP4 or depletion of TRM cells using CD69 neutralizing antibodies resulted in a similar reduction of pancreatic cytotoxic T cell recruitment, a delay in diabetic incidence, and a suppression of CXCL10 production. Thus, targeting FABP4 may represent a promising therapeutic strategy for T1D.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical BiotechnologyThe University of Hong KongHong Kong999077P. R. China
- Department of Pharmacology & PharmacyThe University of Hong KongHong Kong999077P. R. China
| | - Lai Yee Cheong
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical BiotechnologyThe University of Hong KongHong Kong999077P. R. China
- Department of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong Kong999077P. R. China
| | - Lufengzi Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical BiotechnologyThe University of Hong KongHong Kong999077P. R. China
- Department of Pharmacology & PharmacyThe University of Hong KongHong Kong999077P. R. China
| | - Leigang Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical BiotechnologyThe University of Hong KongHong Kong999077P. R. China
- Department of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong Kong999077P. R. China
| | - Zixuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical BiotechnologyThe University of Hong KongHong Kong999077P. R. China
- Department of Pharmacology & PharmacyThe University of Hong KongHong Kong999077P. R. China
| | - Yang Xiao
- Second Xiangya HospitalKey Laboratory of Diabetes ImmunologyNational Clinical Research Center for Metabolic DiseasesCentral South UniversityChangshaHunan410083P. R. China
| | - Zhiguang Zhou
- Second Xiangya HospitalKey Laboratory of Diabetes ImmunologyNational Clinical Research Center for Metabolic DiseasesCentral South UniversityChangshaHunan410083P. R. China
| | - Aimin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical BiotechnologyThe University of Hong KongHong Kong999077P. R. China
- Department of Pharmacology & PharmacyThe University of Hong KongHong Kong999077P. R. China
- Department of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong Kong999077P. R. China
| | - Ruby LC Hoo
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical BiotechnologyThe University of Hong KongHong Kong999077P. R. China
- Department of Pharmacology & PharmacyThe University of Hong KongHong Kong999077P. R. China
| | - Lingling Shu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical BiotechnologyThe University of Hong KongHong Kong999077P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaGuangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Department of Hematological OncologySun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhou510060P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hofstee MI, Siverino C, Saito M, Meghwani H, Tapia-Dean J, Arveladze S, Hildebrand M, Rangel-Moreno J, Riool M, Zeiter S, Zaat SAJ, Moriarty TF, Muthukrishnan G. Staphylococcus aureus Panton-Valentine Leukocidin worsens acute implant-associated osteomyelitis in humanized BRGSF mice. JBMR Plus 2024; 8:ziad005. [PMID: 38505530 PMCID: PMC10945728 DOI: 10.1093/jbmrpl/ziad005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is the most common pathogen that causes implant-associated osteomyelitis, a clinically incurable disease. Immune evasion of S. aureus relies on various mechanisms to survive within the bone niche, including the secretion of leukotoxins such as Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL). PVL is a pore-forming toxin exhibiting selective human tropism for C5a receptors (C5aR1 and C5aR2) and CD45 on neutrophils, monocytes, and macrophages. PVL is an important virulence determinant in lung, skin and soft tissue infections. The involvement of PVL in S. aureus pathogenesis during bone infections has not been studied extensively yet. To investigate this, humanized BALB/c Rag2-/-Il2rg-/-SirpaNODFlk2-/- (huBRGSF) mice were subjected to transtibial implant-associated osteomyelitis with community-acquired methicillin-resistant S. aureus (CA-MRSA) USA300 wild type strain (WT), an isogenic mutant lacking lukF/S-PV (Δpvl), or complemented mutant (Δpvl+pvl). Three days post-surgery, Δpvl-infected huBRGSF mice had a less severe infection compared to WT-infected animals as characterized by 1) improved clinical outcomes, 2) lower ex vivo bacterial bone burden, 3) absence of staphylococcal abscess communities (SACs) in their bone marrow, and 4) compromised MRSA dissemination to internal organs (liver, kidney, spleen, heart). Interestingly, Δpvl-infected huBRGSF mice had fewer human myeloid cells, neutrophils, and HLA-DR+ monocytes in the bone niche compared to WT-infected animals. Expectedly, a smaller fraction of human myeloid cells were apoptotic in the Δpvl-infected huBRGSF animals. Taken together, our study highlights the pivotal role of PVL during acute implant-associated osteomyelitis in humanized mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marloes I Hofstee
- AO Research Institute Davos, 7270 Davos, Switzerland
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Motoo Saito
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, United States
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14618, United States
| | - Himanshu Meghwani
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, United States
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14618, United States
| | | | | | | | - Javier Rangel-Moreno
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14620, United States
| | - Martijn Riool
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | | | - Sebastian A J Zaat
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Gowrishankar Muthukrishnan
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, United States
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14618, United States
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Avery D, Morandini L, Gabriec M, Sheakley L, Peralta M, Donahue HJ, Martin RK, Olivares-Navarrete R. Contribution of αβ T cells to macrophage polarization and MSC recruitment and proliferation on titanium implants. Acta Biomater 2023; 169:605-624. [PMID: 37532133 PMCID: PMC10528595 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.07.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Physiochemical cues like topography and wettability can impact the inflammatory response and tissue integration after biomaterial implantation. T cells are essential for immunomodulation of innate immune cells and play an important role in the host response to biomaterial implantation. This study aimed to understand how CD4+ and CD8+ T cell subsets, members of the αβ T cell family, polarize in response to smooth, rough, or rough-hydrophilic titanium (Ti) implants and whether their presence modulates immune cell crosstalk and mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) recruitment following biomaterial implantation. Post-implantation in mice, we found that CD4+ and CD8+ T cell subsets polarized differentially in response to modified Ti surfaces. Additionally, mice lacking αβ T cells had significantly more pro-inflammatory macrophages, fewer anti-inflammatory macrophages, and reduced MSC recruitment in response to modified Ti post-implantation than αβ T cell -competent mice. Our results demonstrate that T cell activation plays a significant role during the inflammatory response to implanted biomaterials, contributing to macrophage polarization and MSC recruitment and proliferation, and the absence of αβ T cells compromises new bone formation at the implantation site. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: T cells are essential for immunomodulation and play an important role in the host response to biomaterial implantation. Our results demonstrate that T cells actively participate during the inflammatory response to implanted biomaterials, controlling macrophage phenotype and recruitment of MSCs to the implantation site.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Derek Avery
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Lais Morandini
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Melissa Gabriec
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Luke Sheakley
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Matthieu Peralta
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Henry J Donahue
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Rebecca K Martin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Rene Olivares-Navarrete
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Johansen VBI, Færø D, Buschard K, Kristiansen K, Pociot F, Kiilerich P, Josefsen K, Haupt-Jorgensen M, Antvorskov JC. A Gluten-Free Diet during Pregnancy and Early Life Increases Short Chain Fatty Acid-Producing Bacteria and Regulatory T Cells in Prediabetic NOD Mice. Cells 2023; 12:1567. [PMID: 37371037 PMCID: PMC10297205 DOI: 10.3390/cells12121567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence of the autoimmune disease type 1 diabetes is increasing, likely caused by environmental factors. A gluten-free diet has previously been shown to ameliorate autoimmune diabetes in non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice and humans. Although the exact mechanisms are not understood, interventions influencing the intestinal microbiota early in life affect the risk of type 1 diabetes. Here, we characterize how NOD mice that are fed a gluten-free (GF) diet differ from NOD mice that are fed a gluten-containing standard (STD) diet in terms of their microbiota composition by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing and pancreatic immune environment by real-time quantitative PCR at the prediabetic stage at 6 and 13 weeks of age. Gut microbiota analysis revealed highly distinct microbiota compositions in both the cecum and the colon of GF-fed mice compared with STD-fed mice. The microbiotas of the GF-fed mice were characterized by an increased Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio, an increased abundance of short chain fatty acid (particularly butyrate)-producing bacteria, and a reduced abundance of Lactobacilli compared with STD mice. We found that the insulitis score in the GF mice was significantly reduced compared with the STD mice and that the markers for regulatory T cells and T helper 2 cells were upregulated in the pancreas of the GF mice. In conclusion, a GF diet during pre- and early post-natal life induces shifts in the cecal and colonic microbiota compatible with a less inflammatory environment, providing a likely mechanism for the protective effect of a GF diet in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Daisy Færø
- Department of Pathology, Bartholin Institute, Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (D.F.); (K.B.); (K.J.); (M.H.-J.)
| | - Karsten Buschard
- Department of Pathology, Bartholin Institute, Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (D.F.); (K.B.); (K.J.); (M.H.-J.)
| | - Karsten Kristiansen
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biology, August Krogh Building, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 13, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; (K.K.); (P.K.)
| | - Flemming Pociot
- Steno Diabetes Center, Borgmester Ib Juuls Vej 83, 2730 Herlev, Denmark;
| | - Pia Kiilerich
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biology, August Krogh Building, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 13, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; (K.K.); (P.K.)
- Department for Congenital Disorders, Danish Center for Neonatal Screening, Statens Serum Institut, 2300 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Knud Josefsen
- Department of Pathology, Bartholin Institute, Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (D.F.); (K.B.); (K.J.); (M.H.-J.)
| | - Martin Haupt-Jorgensen
- Department of Pathology, Bartholin Institute, Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (D.F.); (K.B.); (K.J.); (M.H.-J.)
| | - Julie Christine Antvorskov
- Department of Pathology, Bartholin Institute, Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (D.F.); (K.B.); (K.J.); (M.H.-J.)
- Steno Diabetes Center, Borgmester Ib Juuls Vej 83, 2730 Herlev, Denmark;
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Cheru N, Hafler DA, Sumida TS. Regulatory T cells in peripheral tissue tolerance and diseases. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1154575. [PMID: 37197653 PMCID: PMC10183596 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1154575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Maintenance of peripheral tolerance by CD4+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) is essential for regulating autoreactive T cells. The loss of function of Foxp3 leads to autoimmune disease in both animals and humans. An example is the rare, X-linked recessive disorder known as IPEX (Immune Dysregulation, Polyendocrinopathy, Enteropathy X-linked) syndrome. In more common human autoimmune diseases, defects in Treg function are accompanied with aberrant effector cytokines such as IFNγ. It has recently become appreciated that Tregs plays an important role in not only maintaining immune homeostasis but also in establishing the tissue microenvironment and homeostasis of non-lymphoid tissues. Tissue resident Tregs show profiles that are unique to their local environments which are composed of both immune and non-immune cells. Core tissue-residence gene signatures are shared across different tissue Tregs and are crucial to homeostatic regulation and maintaining the tissue Treg pool in a steady state. Through interaction with immunocytes and non-immunocytes, tissue Tregs exert a suppressive function via conventional ways involving contact dependent and independent processes. In addition, tissue resident Tregs communicate with other tissue resident cells which allows Tregs to adopt to their local microenvironment. These bidirectional interactions are dependent on the specific tissue environment. Here, we summarize the recent advancements of tissue Treg studies in both human and mice, and discuss the molecular mechanisms that maintain tissue homeostasis and prevent pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nardos Cheru
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - David A. Hafler
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
- Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Tomokazu S. Sumida
- Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Saksida T, Paunović V, Koprivica I, Mićanović D, Jevtić B, Jonić N, Stojanović I, Pejnović N. Development of Type 1 Diabetes in Mice Is Associated with a Decrease in IL-2-Producing ILC3 and FoxP3 + Treg in the Small Intestine. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28083366. [PMID: 37110604 PMCID: PMC10141349 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28083366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent data indicate the link between the number and function of T regulatory cells (Treg) in the gut immune tissue and initiation and development of autoimmunity associated with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Since type 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3) in the small intestine are essential for maintaining FoxP3+ Treg and there are no data about the possible role of ILC3 in T1D pathogenesis, the aim of this study was to explore ILC3-Treg link during the development of T1D. Mature diabetic NOD mice had lower frequencies of IL-2-producing ILC3 and Treg in small intestine lamina propria (SILP) compared to prediabetic NOD mice. Similarly, in multiple low doses of streptozotocin (MLDS)-induced T1D in C57BL/6 mice, hyperglycemic mice exhibited lower numbers of ILC3, IL-2+ ILC3 and Treg in SILP compared to healthy controls. To boost T1D severity, mice were treated with broad-spectrum antibiotics (ABX) for 14 days prior to T1D induction by MLDS. The higher incidence of T1D in ABX-treated mice was associated with significantly lower frequencies of IL-2+ ILC3 and FoxP3+ Treg in SILP compared with mice without ABX treatment. The obtained findings show that the lower proportions of IL-2-expressing ILC3 and FoxP3+ Treg in SILP coincided with diabetes progression and severity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Saksida
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković"-National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Verica Paunović
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Pasterova 2, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivan Koprivica
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković"-National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dragica Mićanović
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković"-National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Bojan Jevtić
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković"-National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Natalija Jonić
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković"-National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivana Stojanović
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković"-National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nada Pejnović
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković"-National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Abdeladhim M, Karnell JL, Rieder SA. In or out of control: Modulating regulatory T cell homeostasis and function with immune checkpoint pathways. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1033705. [PMID: 36591244 PMCID: PMC9799097 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1033705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are the master regulators of immunity and they have been implicated in different disease states such as infection, autoimmunity and cancer. Since their discovery, many studies have focused on understanding Treg development, differentiation, and function. While there are many players in the generation and function of truly suppressive Tregs, the role of checkpoint pathways in these processes have been studied extensively. In this paper, we systematically review the role of different checkpoint pathways in Treg homeostasis and function. We describe how co-stimulatory and co-inhibitory pathways modulate Treg homeostasis and function and highlight data from mouse and human studies. Multiple checkpoint pathways are being targeted in cancer and autoimmunity; therefore, we share insights from the clinic and discuss the effect of experimental and approved therapeutics on Treg biology.
Collapse
|
9
|
Tanner SM, Lorenz RG. FVB/N mouse strain regulatory T cells differ in phenotype and function from the C57BL/6 and BALB/C strains. FASEB Bioadv 2022; 4:648-661. [PMID: 36238362 PMCID: PMC9536134 DOI: 10.1096/fba.2021-00161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Treg) are vital to the maintenance of immune homeostasis. The genetic background of an inbred mouse strain can have a profound effect on the immune response in the animal, including Treg responses. Most Treg studies focus on animals created on the C57BL/6 or BALB/c background. Recent studies have demonstrated a difference in the phenotype and behavior of C57BL/6 and BALB/c Tregs. In this study, we have investigated the function of FVB/N Tregs compared to C57BL/6 and BALB/c. We observed that while FVB/N Tregs appear to suppress normally in a cell contact-dependent system, FVB/N Tregs are less capable of suppressing when regulation depends on the secretion of a soluble factor. FVB/N Tregs produce IL-10; however, TGF-β was not detected in any culture from C57BL/6 or FVB/N. C57BL/6 Foxp3+ Tregs expressed more of the TGF-β-related proteins glycoprotein-A repetitions predominant (GARP) and latency-associated peptide (LAP) on the cell surface than both FVB/N and BALB/c, but C57BL/6 Tregs expressed significantly less Ctse (Cathepsin E) mRNA. Each strain displayed different abilities of thymic Tregs (tTreg) to maintain Foxp3 expression and had a varying generation of induced Tregs (iTregs). In vitro generated FVB/N iTregs expressed significantly less GARP and LAP. These results suggest Tregs of different strains have varying phenotypes and dominant mechanisms of action for the suppression of an immune response. This information should be taken into consideration when Tregs are examined in future studies, particularly for therapeutic purposes in a genetically diverse population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Scott M. Tanner
- Department of PathologyUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAlabamaUSA
- Division of Natural Sciences and EngineeringUniversity of South Carolina UpstateSpartanburgSouth CarolinaUSA
| | - Robin G. Lorenz
- Department of PathologyUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAlabamaUSA
- Department of PathologyGenentechSouth San FransiscoCaliforniaUSA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Weiß E, Ramos GC, Delgobo M. Myocardial-Treg Crosstalk: How to Tame a Wolf. Front Immunol 2022; 13:914033. [PMID: 35693830 PMCID: PMC9176752 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.914033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune system plays a vital role in maintaining tissue integrity and organismal homeostasis. The sudden stress caused by myocardial infarction (MI) poses a significant challenge for the immune system: it must quickly substitute dead myocardial with fibrotic tissue while controlling overt inflammatory responses. In this review, we will discuss the central role of myocardial regulatory T-cells (Tregs) in orchestrating tissue repair processes and controlling local inflammation in the context of MI. We herein compile recent advances enabled by the use of transgenic mouse models with defined cardiac antigen specificity, explore whole-heart imaging techniques, outline clinical studies and summarize deep-phenotyping conducted by independent labs using single-cell transcriptomics and T-cell repertoire analysis. Furthermore, we point to multiple mechanisms and cell types targeted by Tregs in the infarcted heart, ranging from pro-fibrotic responses in mesenchymal cells to local immune modulation in myeloid and lymphoid lineages. We also discuss how both cardiac-specific and polyclonal Tregs participate in MI repair. In addition, we consider intriguing novel evidence on how the myocardial milieu takes control of potentially auto-aggressive local immune reactions by shaping myosin-specific T-cell development towards a regulatory phenotype. Finally, we examine the potential use of Treg manipulating drugs in the clinic after MI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emil Weiß
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Gustavo Campos Ramos
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Murilo Delgobo
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Clark AL, Yan Z, Chen SX, Shi V, Kulkarni DH, Diwan A, Remedi MS. High-fat diet prevents the development of autoimmune diabetes in NOD mice. Diabetes Obes Metab 2021; 23:2455-2465. [PMID: 34212475 PMCID: PMC8490276 DOI: 10.1111/dom.14486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Type 1 diabetes (T1D) has a strong genetic predisposition and requires an environmental trigger to initiate the beta-cell autoimmune destruction. The rate of childhood obesity has risen in parallel to the proportion of T1D, suggesting high-fat diet (HFD)/obesity as potential environmental triggers for autoimmune diabetes. To explore this, non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice were subjected to HFD and monitored for the development of diabetes, insulitis and beta-cell stress. MATERIALS AND METHODS Four-week-old female NOD mice were placed on HFD (HFD-NOD) or standard chow-diet. Blood glucose was monitored weekly up to 40 weeks of age, and glucose- and insulin-tolerance tests performed at 4, 10 and 15 weeks. Pancreata and islets were analysed for insulin secretion, beta-cell mass, inflammation, insulitis and endoplasmic reticulum stress markers. Immune cell levels were measured in islets and spleens. Stool microbiome was analysed at age 4, 8 and 25 weeks. RESULTS At early ages, HFD-NOD mice showed a significant increase in body weight, glucose intolerance and insulin resistance; but paradoxically, they were protected from developing diabetes. This was accompanied by increased insulin secretion and beta-cell mass, decreased insulitis, increased splenic T-regulatory cells and altered stool microbiome. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that HFD protects NOD mice from autoimmune diabetes and preserves beta-cell mass and function through alterations in gut microbiome, increased T-regulatory cells and decreased insulitis. Further studies into the exact mechanism of HFD-mediated prevention of diabetes in NOD mice could potentially lead to interventions to prevent or delay T1D development in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amy L. Clark
- Department of PediatricsWashington University in St LouisSt LouisMissouriUSA
| | - Zihan Yan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipid research DivisionWashington University in St LouisSt LouisMissouriUSA
| | - Sophia X. Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipid research DivisionWashington University in St LouisSt LouisMissouriUSA
| | - Victoria Shi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipid research DivisionWashington University in St LouisSt LouisMissouriUSA
| | - Devesha H. Kulkarni
- Department of Internal MedicineWashington University in St LouisSt LouisMissouriUSA
| | - Abhinav Diwan
- Department of Internal Medicine‐Cardiovascular DivisionWashington University in St LouisSt LouisMissouriUSA
- John Cochran VA Medical Center‐Cardiovascular DivisionSt LouisMissouriUSA
| | - Maria S. Remedi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipid research DivisionWashington University in St LouisSt LouisMissouriUSA
- Department of Cell Biology and PhysiologyWashington University in St LouisSt LouisMissouriUSA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Jung YH, Ryu JS, Yoon CH, Kim MK. Age-Dependent Distinct Distributions of Dendritic Cells in Autoimmune Dry Eye Murine Model. Cells 2021; 10:1857. [PMID: 34440626 PMCID: PMC8392312 DOI: 10.3390/cells10081857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated whether aging-dependent changes in dendritic cell (DC) distributions are distinct in autoimmune dry eye compared with an aging-related murine model. Corneal staining and tear secretion were evaluated in young and aged C57BL/6 (B6) and NOD.B10.H2b mice (NOD). In the corneolimbus, lacrimal gland (LG), and mesenteric lymph node (MLN), CD11b- and CD11b+ DCs, CD103+ DCs and MHC-IIhi B cells were compared between young and aged B6 and NOD mice. With increased corneal staining, tear secretion decreased in both aged B6 and NOD mice (p < 0.001). In both aged B6 and NOD mice, the percentages of corneolimbal CD11b+ DCs were higher (p < 0.05) than those in young mice. While, the percentages of lymph nodal CD103+ DCs were higher in aged B6 and NOD mice (p < 0.05), the percentages of corneolimbal CD103+ DCs were only higher in aged NOD mice (p < 0.05). In aged NOD mice, the proportions of lacrimal glandial and lymph nodal MHC-IIhi B cells were also higher than those in young mice (p < 0.05). It indicates that corneolimbal or lacrimal glandial distribution of CD103+ DCs or MHC-IIhi B cells may be distinct in aged autoimmune dry eye models compared to those in aged immune competent murine models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Young-Ho Jung
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Korea; (Y.-H.J.); (C.-H.Y.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Korea
- Laboratory of Ocular Regenerative Medicine and Immunology, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Korea;
| | - Jin-Suk Ryu
- Laboratory of Ocular Regenerative Medicine and Immunology, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Korea;
| | - Chang-Ho Yoon
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Korea; (Y.-H.J.); (C.-H.Y.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Korea
- Laboratory of Ocular Regenerative Medicine and Immunology, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Korea;
| | - Mee-Kum Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Korea; (Y.-H.J.); (C.-H.Y.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Korea
- Laboratory of Ocular Regenerative Medicine and Immunology, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Korea;
- Transplantation Research Institute, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Khavinson VK, Linkova NS, Kvetnoy IM, Polyakova VO, Drobintseva AO, Kvetnaia TV, Ivko OM. Thymalin: Activation of Differentiation of Human Hematopoietic Stem Cells. Bull Exp Biol Med 2020; 170:118-122. [PMID: 33237528 PMCID: PMC7686446 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-020-05016-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Thymalin is a polypeptide complex isolated from the thymus and regulating the functions of the immune system. Thymalin is effective in therapy of acute respiratory syndrome, chronic obstructive bronchitis, and other immunopathology. Thymalin increases functional activity of T lymphocytes, but the targeted molecular mechanism of its biological activity requires further study. We studied the influence of thymalin on differentiation of human hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) and expression of CD28 molecule involved in the implementation of antiviral immunity in COVID-19 infection. It was found that thymalin reduced the expression of CD44 (stem cell marker) and CD117 (molecule of the intermediate stage of HSC differentiation) by 2-3 times and increased the expression of CD28 (marker of mature T lymphocytes) by 6.8 times. This indirectly indicates that thymalin stimulated differentiation of CD117+ cells into mature CD28+T lymphocytes. It is known that in patients with severe COVID-19, the number of CD28+, CD4+, CD8+T lymphocytes in the blood decreased, which attested to a pronounced suppression of immunity. It is possible that the antiviral effect of thymalin consists in compensatory stimulation of HSC differentiation into CD28+T lymphocytes at the stage of immunity suppression in unfavorable course of viral infection. Thymalin can be considered as an immunoprotective peptide drug for the prevention of COVID-19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V Kh Khavinson
- Department of Biogerontology, St. Petersburg Institute of Bioregulation and Gerontology, St. Petersburg, Russia.,Group of Peptide Regulation and Aging, I. P. Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - N S Linkova
- Department of Biogerontology, St. Petersburg Institute of Bioregulation and Gerontology, St. Petersburg, Russia. .,Department of Therapy, Geriatrics, and Anti-Aging Medicine, Academy of Postgraduate Education under Federal Research Clinical Center of Federal Medical-Biological Agency of Russia, Moscow, Russia.
| | - I M Kvetnoy
- Department of Biogerontology, St. Petersburg Institute of Bioregulation and Gerontology, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - V O Polyakova
- Department of Biogerontology, St. Petersburg Institute of Bioregulation and Gerontology, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - A O Drobintseva
- Department of Biogerontology, St. Petersburg Institute of Bioregulation and Gerontology, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - T V Kvetnaia
- Department of Biogerontology, St. Petersburg Institute of Bioregulation and Gerontology, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - O M Ivko
- Department of Biogerontology, St. Petersburg Institute of Bioregulation and Gerontology, St. Petersburg, Russia
| |
Collapse
|