1
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Salisbury SJ, Daniels RR, Monaghan SJ, Bron JE, Villamayor PR, Gervais O, Fast MD, Sveen L, Houston RD, Robinson N, Robledo D. Keratinocytes drive the epithelial hyperplasia key to sea lice resistance in coho salmon. BMC Biol 2024; 22:160. [PMID: 39075472 PMCID: PMC11287951 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-024-01952-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Salmonid species have followed markedly divergent evolutionary trajectories in their interactions with sea lice. While sea lice parasitism poses significant economic, environmental, and animal welfare challenges for Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) aquaculture, coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) exhibit near-complete resistance to sea lice, achieved through a potent epithelial hyperplasia response leading to rapid louse detachment. The molecular mechanisms underlying these divergent responses to sea lice are unknown. RESULTS We characterized the cellular and molecular responses of Atlantic salmon and coho salmon to sea lice using single-nuclei RNA sequencing. Juvenile fish were exposed to copepodid sea lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis), and lice-attached pelvic fin and skin samples were collected 12 h, 24 h, 36 h, 48 h, and 60 h after exposure, along with control samples. Comparative analysis of control and treatment samples revealed an immune and wound-healing response that was common to both species, but attenuated in Atlantic salmon, potentially reflecting greater sea louse immunomodulation. Our results revealed unique but complementary roles of three layers of keratinocytes in the epithelial hyperplasia response leading to rapid sea lice rejection in coho salmon. Our results suggest that basal keratinocytes direct the expansion and mobility of intermediate and, especially, superficial keratinocytes, which eventually encapsulate the parasite. CONCLUSIONS Our results highlight the key role of keratinocytes in coho salmon's sea lice resistance and the diverged biological response of the two salmonid host species when interacting with this parasite. This study has identified key pathways and candidate genes that could be manipulated using various biotechnological solutions to improve Atlantic salmon sea lice resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Salisbury
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
| | - R Ruiz Daniels
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - S J Monaghan
- Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK
| | - J E Bron
- Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK
| | - P R Villamayor
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Department of Genetics, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - O Gervais
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - M D Fast
- Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Canada
| | | | - R D Houston
- Benchmark Genetics, 1 Pioneer BuildingMilton Bridge, Edinburgh TechnopolePenicuik, UK
| | - N Robinson
- Nofima AS, Tromsø, Norway.
- Sustainable Aquaculture Laboratory - Temperate and Tropical (SALTT), Deakin University, Melbourne, VIC, 3225, Australia.
| | - D Robledo
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
- Department of Genetics, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
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2
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Abbasifard M, Bagherzadeh K, Khorramdelazad H. The story of clobenpropit and CXCR4: can be an effective drug in cancer and autoimmune diseases? Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1410104. [PMID: 39070795 PMCID: PMC11272485 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1410104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Clobenpropit is a histamine H3 receptor antagonist and has developed as a potential therapeutic drug due to its ability to inhibit CXCR4, a chemokine receptor involved in autoimmune diseases and cancer pathogenesis. The CXCL12/CXCR4 axis involves several biological phenomena, including cell proliferation, migration, angiogenesis, inflammation, and metastasis. Accordingly, inhibiting CXCR4 can have promising clinical outcomes in patients with malignancy or autoimmune disorders. Based on available knowledge, Clobenpropit can effectively regulate the release of monocyte-derived inflammatory cytokine in autoimmune diseases such as juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), presenting a potential targeted target with possible advantages over current therapeutic approaches. This review summarizes the intricate interplay between Clobenpropit and CXCR4 and the molecular mechanisms underlying their interactions, comprehensively analyzing their impact on immune regulation. Furthermore, we discuss preclinical and clinical investigations highlighting the probable efficacy of Clobenpropit for managing autoimmune diseases and cancer. Through this study, we aim to clarify the immunomodulatory role of Clobenpropit and its advantages and disadvantages as a novel therapeutic opportunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitra Abbasifard
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Ali-Ibn Abi-Talib Hospital, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Kowsar Bagherzadeh
- Eye Research Center, The Five Senses Health Institute, Rassoul Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Khorramdelazad
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
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3
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Zhang L, Woltering I, Holzner M, Brandhofer M, Schaefer CC, Bushati G, Ebert S, Yang B, Muenchhoff M, Hellmuth JC, Scherer C, Wichmann C, Effinger D, Hübner M, El Bounkari O, Scheiermann P, Bernhagen J, Hoffmann A. CD74 is a functional MIF receptor on activated CD4 + T cells. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:296. [PMID: 38992165 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-024-05338-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Next to its classical role in MHC II-mediated antigen presentation, CD74 was identified as a high-affinity receptor for macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), a pleiotropic cytokine and major determinant of various acute and chronic inflammatory conditions, cardiovascular diseases and cancer. Recent evidence suggests that CD74 is expressed in T cells, but the functional relevance of this observation is poorly understood. Here, we characterized the regulation of CD74 expression and that of the MIF chemokine receptors during activation of human CD4+ T cells and studied links to MIF-induced T-cell migration, function, and COVID-19 disease stage. MIF receptor profiling of resting primary human CD4+ T cells via flow cytometry revealed high surface expression of CXCR4, while CD74, CXCR2 and ACKR3/CXCR7 were not measurably expressed. However, CD4+ T cells constitutively expressed CD74 intracellularly, which upon T-cell activation was significantly upregulated, post-translationally modified by chondroitin sulfate and could be detected on the cell surface, as determined by flow cytometry, Western blot, immunohistochemistry, and re-analysis of available RNA-sequencing and proteomic data sets. Applying 3D-matrix-based live cell-imaging and receptor pathway-specific inhibitors, we determined a causal involvement of CD74 and CXCR4 in MIF-induced CD4+ T-cell migration. Mechanistically, proximity ligation assay visualized CD74/CXCR4 heterocomplexes on activated CD4+ T cells, which were significantly diminished after MIF treatment, pointing towards a MIF-mediated internalization process. Lastly, in a cohort of 30 COVID-19 patients, CD74 surface expression was found to be significantly upregulated on CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in patients with severe compared to patients with only mild disease course. Together, our study characterizes the MIF receptor network in the course of T-cell activation and reveals CD74 as a novel functional MIF receptor and MHC II-independent activation marker of primary human CD4+ T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhang
- Division of Vascular Biology, Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), LMU University Hospital (LMU Klinikum), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) München, Feodor-Lynen-Straße 17, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Iris Woltering
- Division of Vascular Biology, Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), LMU University Hospital (LMU Klinikum), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) München, Feodor-Lynen-Straße 17, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Mathias Holzner
- Division of Vascular Biology, Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), LMU University Hospital (LMU Klinikum), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) München, Feodor-Lynen-Straße 17, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Markus Brandhofer
- Division of Vascular Biology, Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), LMU University Hospital (LMU Klinikum), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) München, Feodor-Lynen-Straße 17, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Carl-Christian Schaefer
- Division of Vascular Biology, Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), LMU University Hospital (LMU Klinikum), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) München, Feodor-Lynen-Straße 17, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Genta Bushati
- Division of Vascular Biology, Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), LMU University Hospital (LMU Klinikum), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) München, Feodor-Lynen-Straße 17, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Simon Ebert
- Division of Vascular Biology, Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), LMU University Hospital (LMU Klinikum), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) München, Feodor-Lynen-Straße 17, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Bishan Yang
- Division of Vascular Biology, Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), LMU University Hospital (LMU Klinikum), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) München, Feodor-Lynen-Straße 17, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Maximilian Muenchhoff
- Max von Pettenkofer Institute and Gene Center, Virology, National Reference Center for Retroviruses, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
- COVID-19 Registry of the LMU Munich (CORKUM), LMU University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Johannes C Hellmuth
- COVID-19 Registry of the LMU Munich (CORKUM), LMU University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Medicine III, LMU University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Clemens Scherer
- COVID-19 Registry of the LMU Munich (CORKUM), LMU University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Medicine I, LMU University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Wichmann
- Division of Transfusion Medicine, Cell Therapeutics and Haemostaseology, LMU University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - David Effinger
- Department of Anaesthesiology, LMU University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) Munich, Marchioninistraße 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
- Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Max Hübner
- Department of Anaesthesiology, LMU University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) Munich, Marchioninistraße 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
- Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Omar El Bounkari
- Division of Vascular Biology, Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), LMU University Hospital (LMU Klinikum), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) München, Feodor-Lynen-Straße 17, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Patrick Scheiermann
- Department of Anaesthesiology, LMU University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) Munich, Marchioninistraße 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Jürgen Bernhagen
- Division of Vascular Biology, Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), LMU University Hospital (LMU Klinikum), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) München, Feodor-Lynen-Straße 17, 81377, Munich, Germany.
- German Centre of Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany.
| | - Adrian Hoffmann
- Division of Vascular Biology, Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), LMU University Hospital (LMU Klinikum), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) München, Feodor-Lynen-Straße 17, 81377, Munich, Germany.
- Department of Anaesthesiology, LMU University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) Munich, Marchioninistraße 15, 81377, Munich, Germany.
- German Centre of Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany.
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4
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Moles MW, Erdlei H, Menzel L, Massaro M, Fiori A, Bunse M, Schrimpf M, Gerlach K, Gudipati V, Reiser J, Mathavan K, Goodrich JP, Huppa JB, Krönke J, Valamehr B, Höpken UE, Rehm A. CXCR4 has a dual role in improving the efficacy of BCMA-redirected CAR-NK cells in multiple myeloma. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1383136. [PMID: 38979422 PMCID: PMC11228140 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1383136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a plasma cell disease with a preferential bone marrow (BM) tropism. Enforced expression of tissue-specific chemokine receptors has been shown to successfully guide adoptively-transferred CAR NK cells towards the malignant milieu in solid cancers, but also to BM-resident AML and MM. For redirection towards BM-associated chemokine CXCL12, we armored BCMA CAR-NK-92 as well as primary NK cells with ectopic expression of either wildtype CXCR4 or a gain-of-function mutant CXCR4R334X. Our data showed that BCMA CAR-NK-92 and -primary NK cells equipped with CXCR4 gained an improved ability to migrate towards CXCL12 in vitro. Beyond its classical role coordinating chemotaxis, CXCR4 has been shown to participate in T cell co-stimulation, which prompted us to examine the functionality of CXCR4-cotransduced BCMA-CAR NK cells. Ectopic CXCR4 expression enhanced the cytotoxic capacity of BCMA CAR-NK cells, as evidenced by the ability to eliminate BCMA-expressing target cell lines and primary MM cells in vitro and through accelerated cytolytic granule release. We show that CXCR4 co-modification prolonged BCMA CAR surface deposition, augmented ZAP-70 recruitment following CAR-engagement, and accelerated distal signal transduction kinetics. BCMA CAR sensitivity towards antigen was enhanced by virtue of an enhanced ZAP-70 recruitment to the immunological synapse, revealing an increased propensity of CARs to become triggered upon CXCR4 overexpression. Unexpectedly, co-stimulation via CXCR4 occurred in the absence of CXCL12 ligand-stimulation. Collectively, our findings imply that co-modification of CAR-NK cells with tissue-relevant chemokine receptors affect adoptive NK cell therapy beyond improved trafficking and retention within tumor sites.
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MESH Headings
- Multiple Myeloma/immunology
- Multiple Myeloma/therapy
- Humans
- Receptors, CXCR4/metabolism
- Receptors, CXCR4/genetics
- B-Cell Maturation Antigen/immunology
- B-Cell Maturation Antigen/metabolism
- B-Cell Maturation Antigen/genetics
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Killer Cells, Natural/metabolism
- Receptors, Chimeric Antigen/immunology
- Receptors, Chimeric Antigen/genetics
- Receptors, Chimeric Antigen/metabolism
- Immunotherapy, Adoptive/methods
- Chemokine CXCL12/metabolism
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cytotoxicity, Immunologic
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael W Moles
- Translational Tumorimmunology, Max Delbrück Center, Berlin, Germany
| | - Henry Erdlei
- Translational Tumorimmunology, Max Delbrück Center, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lutz Menzel
- Translational Tumorimmunology, Max Delbrück Center, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marialucia Massaro
- Microenvironmental Regulation in Autoimmunity and Cancer, Max Delbrück Center, Berlin, Germany
| | - Agnese Fiori
- Translational Tumorimmunology, Max Delbrück Center, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mario Bunse
- Microenvironmental Regulation in Autoimmunity and Cancer, Max Delbrück Center, Berlin, Germany
| | - Moritz Schrimpf
- Translational Tumorimmunology, Max Delbrück Center, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kerstin Gerlach
- Translational Tumorimmunology, Max Delbrück Center, Berlin, Germany
| | - Venugopal Gudipati
- Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Institute for Hygiene and Applied Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - John Reiser
- Fate Therapeutics, San Diego, CA, United States
| | | | | | - Johannes B Huppa
- Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Institute for Hygiene and Applied Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jan Krönke
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Tumorimmunology, Charité-University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Uta E Höpken
- Microenvironmental Regulation in Autoimmunity and Cancer, Max Delbrück Center, Berlin, Germany
| | - Armin Rehm
- Translational Tumorimmunology, Max Delbrück Center, Berlin, Germany
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5
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Wei YS, Tang WJ, Mao PY, Mao JD, Ni ZX, Hou KW, Valencak TG, Liu DR, Ji JF, Wang HF. Sexually Dimorphic Response to Hepatic Injury in Newborn Suffering from Intrauterine Growth Restriction. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2403095. [PMID: 38867614 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202403095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), when a fetus does not grow as expected, is associated with a reduction in hepatic functionality and a higher risk for chronic liver disease in adulthood. Utilizing early developmental plasticity to reverse the outcome of poor fetal programming remains an unexplored area. Focusing on the biochemical profiles of neonates and previous transcriptome findings, piglets from the same fetus are selected as models for studying IUGR. The cellular landscape of the liver is created by scRNA-seq to reveal sex-dependent patterns in IUGR-induced hepatic injury. One week after birth, IUGR piglets experience hypoxic stress. IUGR females exhibit fibroblast-driven T cell conversion into an immune-adapted phenotype, which effectively alleviates inflammation and fosters hepatic regeneration. In contrast, males experience even more severe hepatic injury. Prolonged inflammation due to disrupted lipid metabolism hinders intercellular communication among non-immune cells, which ultimately impairs liver regeneration even into adulthood. Additionally, Apolipoprotein A4 (APOA4) is explored as a novel biomarker by reducing hepatic triglyceride deposition as a protective response against hypoxia in IUGR males. PPARα activation can mitigate hepatic damage and meanwhile restore over-expressed APOA4 to normal in IUGR males. The pioneering study offers valuable insights into the sexually dimorphic responses to hepatic injury during IUGR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Sen Wei
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Wen-Jie Tang
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Pei-Yu Mao
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Jiang-Di Mao
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Zhi-Xiang Ni
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Kang-Wei Hou
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Teresa G Valencak
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Da-Ren Liu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Jun-Fang Ji
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Hai-Feng Wang
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, 310000, China
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6
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Giacobbi NS, Mullapudi S, Nabors H, Pyeon D. The Chemokine CXCL14 as a Potential Immunotherapeutic Agent for Cancer Therapy. Viruses 2024; 16:302. [PMID: 38400076 PMCID: PMC10892169 DOI: 10.3390/v16020302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
There is great enthusiasm toward the development of novel immunotherapies for the treatment of cancer, and given their roles in immune system regulation, chemokines stand out as promising candidates for use in new cancer therapies. Many previous studies have shown how chemokine signaling pathways could be targeted to halt cancer progression. We and others have revealed that the chemokine CXCL14 promotes antitumor immune responses, suggesting that CXCL14 may be effective for cancer immunotherapy. However, it is still unknown what mechanism governs CXCL14-mediated antitumor activity, how to deliver CXCL14, what dose to apply, and what combinations with existing therapy may boost antitumor immune responses in cancer patients. Here, we provide updates on the role of CXCL14 in cancer progression and discuss the potential development and application of CXCL14 as an immunotherapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Dohun Pyeon
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; (N.S.G.); (S.M.); (H.N.)
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7
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Zheng M, Kim MH, Park SG, Kim WS, Oh SH, Sung JH. CXCL12 Neutralizing Antibody Promotes Hair Growth in Androgenic Alopecia and Alopecia Areata. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1705. [PMID: 38338982 PMCID: PMC10855715 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
We had previously investigated the expression and functional role of C-X-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 12 (CXCL12) during the hair cycle progression. CXCL12 was highly expressed in stromal cells such as dermal fibroblasts (DFs) and inhibition of CXCL12 increased hair growth. Therefore, we further investigated whether a CXCL12 neutralizing antibody (αCXCL12) is effective for androgenic alopecia (AGA) and alopecia areata (AA) and studied the underlying molecular mechanism for treating these diseases. In the AGA model, CXCL12 is highly expressed in DFs. Subcutaneous (s.c.) injection of αCXCL12 significantly induced hair growth in AGA mice, and treatment with αCXCL12 attenuated the androgen-induced hair damage in hair organ culture. Androgens increased the secretion of CXCL12 from DFs through the androgen receptor (AR). Secreted CXCL12 from DFs increased the expression of the AR and C-X-C Motif Chemokine Receptor 4 (CXCR4) in dermal papilla cells (DPCs), which induced hair loss in AGA. Likewise, CXCL12 expression is increased in AA mice, while s.c. injection of αCXCL12 significantly inhibited hair loss in AA mice and reduced the number of CD8+, MHC-I+, and MHC-II+ cells in the skin. In addition, injection of αCXCL12 also prevented the onset of AA and reduced the number of CD8+ cells. Interferon-γ (IFNγ) treatment increased the secretion of CXCL12 from DFs through the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) pathway, and αCXCL12 treatment protected the hair follicle from IFNγ in hair organ culture. Collectively, these results indicate that CXCL12 is involved in the progression of AGA and AA and antibody therapy for CXCL12 is promising for hair loss treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Zheng
- Epi Biotech Co., Ltd., Incheon 21983, Republic of Korea; (M.Z.); (M.-H.K.)
| | - Min-Ho Kim
- Epi Biotech Co., Ltd., Incheon 21983, Republic of Korea; (M.Z.); (M.-H.K.)
| | - Sang-Gyu Park
- College of Pharmacy, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea;
| | - Won-Serk Kim
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Seoul 03181, Republic of Korea;
| | - Sang-Ho Oh
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea;
| | - Jong-Hyuk Sung
- Epi Biotech Co., Ltd., Incheon 21983, Republic of Korea; (M.Z.); (M.-H.K.)
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8
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Li H, Liu H, Liu Y, Wang X, Yu S, Huang H, Shen X, Zhang Q, Hong N, Jin W. Exploring the dynamics and influencing factors of CD4 T cell activation using single-cell RNA-seq. iScience 2023; 26:107588. [PMID: 37646019 PMCID: PMC10460988 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
T cell activation is a key event in adaptive immunity. However, the dynamics and influencing factors of T cell activation remain unclear. Here, we analyzed CD4 T cells that were stimulated with anti-CD3/CD28 under several conditions to explore the factors affecting T cell activation. We found a stimulated T subset (HSPhi T) highly expressing heat shock proteins, which was derived from stimulated naive T. We identified and characterized inert T, a stimulated T cell subset in transitional state from resting T to activated T. Interestingly, resting CXCR4low T responded to stimulation more efficiently than resting CXCR4hi T. Furthermore, stimulation of CD4 T in the presence of CD8 T resulted in more effector T and more homogeneous expressions of CD25, supporting that presence of CD8 T reduces the extreme response of T cells, which can be explained by regulation of CD4 T activation through CD8 T-initiated cytokine signaling and FAS/FASLG signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Hongyi Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yifei Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xuefei Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Shiya Yu
- School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Hongwen Huang
- School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xiangru Shen
- School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Ni Hong
- School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Wenfei Jin
- School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
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9
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Sun L, Kienzler JC, Reynoso JG, Lee A, Shiuan E, Li S, Kim J, Ding L, Monteleone AJ, Owens GC, Phillips JJ, Everson RG, Nathanson D, Cloughesy TF, Li G, Liau LM, Hugo W, Kim W, Prins RM. Immune checkpoint blockade induces distinct alterations in the microenvironments of primary and metastatic brain tumors. J Clin Invest 2023; 133:e169314. [PMID: 37655659 PMCID: PMC10471177 DOI: 10.1172/jci169314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In comparison with responses in recurrent glioblastoma (rGBM), the intracranial response of brain metastases (BrM) to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) is less well studied. Here, we present an integrated single-cell RNA-Seq (scRNA-Seq) study of 19 ICB-naive and 9 ICB-treated BrM samples from our own and published data sets. We compared them with our previously published scRNA-Seq data from rGBM and found that ICB led to more prominent T cell infiltration into BrM than rGBM. These BrM-infiltrating T cells exhibited a tumor-specific phenotype and displayed greater activated/exhausted features. We also used multiplex immunofluorescence and spatial transcriptomics to reveal that ICB reduced a distinct CD206+ macrophage population in the perivascular space, which may modulate T cell entry into BrM. Furthermore, we identified a subset of progenitor exhausted T cells that correlated with longer overall survival in BrM patients. Our study provides a comprehensive immune cellular landscape of ICB's effect on metastatic brain tumors and offers insights into potential strategies for improving ICB efficacy for brain tumor patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jenny C. Kienzler
- Department of Neurosurgery, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Inflammation Research Group, Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Alexander Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology
| | | | | | | | - Lizhong Ding
- UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center (JCCC), and
- Department of Medicine/Dermatology, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | | | - Joanna J. Phillips
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center and
- Department of Neurological Surgery, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Richard G. Everson
- Department of Neurosurgery, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
- UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center (JCCC), and
| | - David Nathanson
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology
- UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center (JCCC), and
| | - Timothy F. Cloughesy
- Department of Neurosurgery, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology
- UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center (JCCC), and
- Department of Neurology/Neuro-Oncology, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | | | - Linda M. Liau
- Department of Neurosurgery, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology
- UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center (JCCC), and
| | - Willy Hugo
- UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center (JCCC), and
- Department of Medicine/Dermatology, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Won Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
- UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center (JCCC), and
| | - Robert M. Prins
- Department of Neurosurgery, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology
- UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center (JCCC), and
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, San Francisco, California, USA
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10
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Majumdar S, Pontejo SM, Jaiswal H, Gao JL, Salancy A, Stassenko E, Yamane H, McDermott DH, Balabanian K, Bachelerie F, Murphy PM. Severe CD8+ T Lymphopenia in WHIM Syndrome Caused by Selective Sequestration in Primary Immune Organs. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2023; 210:1913-1924. [PMID: 37133343 PMCID: PMC10247468 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2200871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Warts, hypogammaglobulinemia, infections, and myelokathexis (WHIM) syndrome is an ultra-rare combined primary immunodeficiency disease caused by heterozygous gain-of-function mutations in the chemokine receptor CXCR4. WHIM patients typically present with recurrent acute infections associated with myelokathexis (severe neutropenia due to bone marrow retention of mature neutrophils). Severe lymphopenia is also common, but the only associated chronic opportunistic pathogen is human papillomavirus and mechanisms are not clearly defined. In this study, we show that WHIM mutations cause more severe CD8 than CD4 lymphopenia in WHIM patients and WHIM model mice. Mechanistic studies in mice revealed selective and WHIM allele dose-dependent accumulation of mature CD8 single-positive cells in thymus in a cell-intrinsic manner due to prolonged intrathymic residence, associated with increased CD8 single-positive thymocyte chemotactic responses in vitro toward the CXCR4 ligand CXCL12. In addition, mature WHIM CD8+ T cells preferentially home to and are retained in the bone marrow in mice in a cell-intrinsic manner. Administration of the specific CXCR4 antagonist AMD3100 (plerixafor) in mice rapidly and transiently corrected T cell lymphopenia and the CD4/CD8 ratio. After lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection, we found no difference in memory CD8+ T cell differentiation or viral load between wild-type and WHIM model mice. Thus, lymphopenia in WHIM syndrome may involve severe CXCR4-dependent CD8+ T cell deficiency resulting in part from sequestration in the primary lymphoid organs, thymus, and bone marrow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamik Majumdar
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Sergio M. Pontejo
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Hemant Jaiswal
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Ji-Liang Gao
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Abigail Salancy
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Elizabeth Stassenko
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Hidehiro Yamane
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - David H. McDermott
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Karl Balabanian
- Université Paris-Cité, Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, OPALE Carnot Institute, EMiLy, INSERM U1160, Paris, France
| | - Françoise Bachelerie
- Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM, Inflammation, Microbiome and Immunosurveillance, Orsay, France
| | - Philip M. Murphy
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
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11
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Castellanos-Martínez R, León-Vega II, Guerrero-Fonseca IM, Vargas-Robles H, Jiménez-Camacho KE, Hernández-Galicia G, Ortiz-Navarrete VF, Rottner K, Medina-Contreras O, Schnoor M. T cell functions and organ infiltration by leukemic T cells require cortactin. J Leukoc Biol 2023; 113:315-325. [PMID: 36808495 DOI: 10.1093/jleuko/qiad001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is an aggressive hematological malignancy that is still fatal in many cases. T cell blasts are characterized by hyperactivation and strong proliferative and migratory capacities. The chemokine receptor CXCR4 is involved in mediating malignant T cell properties, and cortactin has been shown to control CXCR4 surface localization in T-ALL cells. We have previously shown that cortactin overexpression is correlated with organ infiltration and relapse in B-ALL. However, the role of cortactin in T cell biology and T-ALL remains elusive. Here, we analyzed the functional relevance of cortactin for T cell activation and migration and the implications for T-ALL development. We found that cortactin is upregulated in response to T cell receptor engagement and recruited to the immune synapse in normal T cells. Loss of cortactin caused reduced IL-2 production and proliferation. Cortactin-depleted T cells showed defects in immune synapse formation and migrated less due to impaired actin polymerization in response to T cell receptor and CXCR4 stimulation. Leukemic T cells expressed much higher levels of cortactin compared to normal T cells that correlated with greater migratory capacity. Xenotransplantation assays in NSG mice revealed that cortactin-depleted human leukemic T cells colonized the bone marrow significantly less and failed to infiltrate the central nervous system, suggesting that cortactin overexpression drives organ infiltration, which is a major complication of T-ALL relapse. Thus, cortactin could serve as a potential therapeutic target for T-ALL and other pathologies involving aberrant T cell responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramón Castellanos-Martínez
- Department of Molecular Biomedicine, CINVESTAV-IPN, Av. IPN 2508, San Pedro Zacatenco, 07360 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Iliana I León-Vega
- Department of Molecular Biomedicine, CINVESTAV-IPN, Av. IPN 2508, San Pedro Zacatenco, 07360 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Idaira M Guerrero-Fonseca
- Department of Molecular Biomedicine, CINVESTAV-IPN, Av. IPN 2508, San Pedro Zacatenco, 07360 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Hilda Vargas-Robles
- Department of Molecular Biomedicine, CINVESTAV-IPN, Av. IPN 2508, San Pedro Zacatenco, 07360 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Karina E Jiménez-Camacho
- Department of Molecular Biomedicine, CINVESTAV-IPN, Av. IPN 2508, San Pedro Zacatenco, 07360 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gabriela Hernández-Galicia
- Department of Molecular Biomedicine, CINVESTAV-IPN, Av. IPN 2508, San Pedro Zacatenco, 07360 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Vianney F Ortiz-Navarrete
- Department of Molecular Biomedicine, CINVESTAV-IPN, Av. IPN 2508, San Pedro Zacatenco, 07360 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Klemens Rottner
- Division of Molecular Cell Biology, Zoological Institute, TU Braunschweig, Spielmannstr. 7, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
- Department of Cell Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstr. 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Oscar Medina-Contreras
- Department of Hemato-oncology, Hospital Infantil "Federico Gómez,", Av. Dr. Márquez 162, 06720 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Michael Schnoor
- Department of Molecular Biomedicine, CINVESTAV-IPN, Av. IPN 2508, San Pedro Zacatenco, 07360 Mexico City, Mexico
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12
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Xu L, Yan M, Long J, liu M, Yang H, Li W. Identification of macrophage correlated biomarkers to predict the prognosis in patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Front Oncol 2022; 12:967982. [PMID: 36158683 PMCID: PMC9497456 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.967982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background It has been shown that tumor-associated immune cells, particularly macrophages, play a fundamental role in the development and treatment response of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC). However, little is known about macrophages at the single cellular level of ICC patients. Methods ScRNA-seq from Zhang et al. was used in the present study to identify the genes differentially expressed in ICCs. Furthermore, transcriptomic data from TCGA datasets, IHC and flowcytometry from our cohort were used to confirm the findings. Kaplan-Meier and TIDE scores were also used for prognostic analysis and ICB responses. Results A significant number of macrophages were found in ICCs as compared to adjacent tissues. We then extracted, processed, and classified the macrophages from the ICCs and adjacent tissues into 12 clusters. Significantly, the macrophages from the ICC exhibited an immunosuppressed state in terms of both signature gene expression and functional enrichment. Furthermore, our results indicate that, of the 10 selective tumor-promoting genes of macrophages, only MMP19 and SIRPα can predict ICB responses in ICCs. Although a higher expression of MMP19 and SIRPα predict a poor prognosis for ICCs without immunotherapy after surgery, patients with high SIRPα expression were more sensitive to immunotherapy, whereas those with high MMP19 expression were not sensitive to immunotherapy. To define the mechanisms, we found that SIRPαhi ICCs exhibited an increased enrichment KEGG pathway of leukocyte transendothelial migration and neutrophil extracellular trap formation. The increased immune cell infiltration will increase sensitivity to immunotherapy. Conclusion Collectively, macrophages are critical to the immune status of ICCs, and MMP19 and SIRPα can predict prognosis and ICB responses for ICCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linping Xu
- Department of Research and Foreign Affairs, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Linping Xu,
| | - Meimei Yan
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
- Academy of Medical Sciences of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jianpeng Long
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Gansu Provincial Central Hospital, Lan Zhou, China
| | - Mengmeng liu
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
- Academy of Medical Sciences of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hui Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhengzhou University People’s Hospital and Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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13
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Tian J, Chung HK, Moon JS, Nga HT, Lee HY, Kim JT, Chang JY, Kang SG, Ryu D, Che X, Choi J, Tsukasaki M, Sasako T, Lee S, Shong M, Yi H. Skeletal muscle mitoribosomal defects are linked to low bone mass caused by bone marrow inflammation in male mice. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2022; 13:1785-1799. [PMID: 35306755 PMCID: PMC9178379 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos) is a critical regulator of skeletal muscle mass and function. Although muscle atrophy due to mitochondrial dysfunction is closely associated with bone loss, the biological characteristics of the relationship between muscle and bone remain obscure. We showed that muscle atrophy caused by skeletal muscle-specific CR6-interacting factor 1 knockout (MKO) modulates the bone marrow (BM) inflammatory response, leading to low bone mass. METHODS MKO mice with lower muscle OxPhos were fed a normal chow or high-fat diet and then evaluated for muscle mass and function, and bone mineral density. Immunophenotyping of BM immune cells was also performed. BM transcriptomic analysis was used to identify key factors regulating bone mass in MKO mice. To determine the effects of BM-derived CXCL12 (C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 12) on regulation of bone homeostasis, a variety of BM niche-resident cells were treated with recombinant CXCL12. Vastus lateralis muscle and BM immune cell samples from 14 patients with hip fracture were investigated to examine the association between muscle function and BM inflammation. RESULTS MKO mice exhibited significant reductions in both muscle mass and expression of OxPhos subunits but increased transcription of mitochondrial stress response-related genes in the extensor digitorum longus (P < 0.01). MKO mice showed a decline in grip strength and a higher drop rate in the wire hanging test (P < 0.01). Micro-computed tomography and von Kossa staining revealed that MKO mice developed a low mass phenotype in cortical and trabecular bone (P < 0.01). Transcriptomic analysis of the BM revealed that mitochondrial stress responses in skeletal muscles induce an inflammatory response and adipogenesis in the BM and that the CXCL12-CXCR4 (C-X-C chemokine receptor 4) axis is important for T-cell homing to the BM. Antagonism of CXCR4 attenuated BM inflammation and increased bone mass in MKO mice. In humans, patients with low body mass index (BMI = 17.2 ± 0.42 kg/m2 ) harboured a larger population of proinflammatory and cytotoxic senescent T-cells in the BMI (P < 0.05) and showed reduced expression of OxPhos subunits in the vastus lateralis, compared with controls with a normal BMI (23.7 ± 0.88 kg/m2 ) (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Defects in muscle mitochondrial OxPhos promote BM inflammation in mice, leading to decreased bone mass. Muscle mitochondrial dysfunction is linked to BM inflammatory cytokine secretion via the CXCL12-CXCR4 signalling axis, which is critical for inducing low bone mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwen Tian
- Department of Medical ScienceChungnam National UniversityDaejeonKorea
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Immune SystemChungnam National University School of MedicineDaejeonKorea
| | - Hyo Kyun Chung
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic DiseasesChungnam National University School of MedicineDaejeonKorea
| | - Ji Sun Moon
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Immune SystemChungnam National University School of MedicineDaejeonKorea
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic DiseasesChungnam National University School of MedicineDaejeonKorea
| | - Ha Thi Nga
- Department of Medical ScienceChungnam National UniversityDaejeonKorea
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Immune SystemChungnam National University School of MedicineDaejeonKorea
| | - Ho Yeop Lee
- Department of Medical ScienceChungnam National UniversityDaejeonKorea
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Immune SystemChungnam National University School of MedicineDaejeonKorea
| | - Jung Tae Kim
- Department of Medical ScienceChungnam National UniversityDaejeonKorea
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic DiseasesChungnam National University School of MedicineDaejeonKorea
| | - Joon Young Chang
- Department of Medical ScienceChungnam National UniversityDaejeonKorea
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic DiseasesChungnam National University School of MedicineDaejeonKorea
| | - Seul Gi Kang
- Department of Medical ScienceChungnam National UniversityDaejeonKorea
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic DiseasesChungnam National University School of MedicineDaejeonKorea
| | - Dongryeol Ryu
- Department of Molecular Cell BiologySungkyunkwan University School of MedicineSuwonKorea
- Samsung Biomedical Research InstituteSamsung Medical CenterSeoulKorea
| | - Xiangguo Che
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Cell and Matrix Research Institute, BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, School of MedicineKyungpook National UniversityDaeguKorea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rheumatology and ImmunologyThe Affiliated Hospital of Yanbian UniversityYanjiChina
| | - Je‐Yong Choi
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Cell and Matrix Research Institute, BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, School of MedicineKyungpook National UniversityDaeguKorea
| | - Masayuki Tsukasaki
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of MedicineThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Takayoshi Sasako
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Graduate School of MedicineThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Sang‐Hee Lee
- Bio‐Electron Microscopy Research Center (104‐Dong)Korea Basic Science InstituteCheongjuKorea
| | - Minho Shong
- Department of Medical ScienceChungnam National UniversityDaejeonKorea
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic DiseasesChungnam National University School of MedicineDaejeonKorea
| | - Hyon‐Seung Yi
- Department of Medical ScienceChungnam National UniversityDaejeonKorea
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Immune SystemChungnam National University School of MedicineDaejeonKorea
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic DiseasesChungnam National University School of MedicineDaejeonKorea
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14
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CXCR4/CXCL12 Activities in the Tumor Microenvironment and Implications for Tumor Immunotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14092314. [PMID: 35565443 PMCID: PMC9105267 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14092314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Chemokines are small soluble proteins that control and regulate cell trafficking within and between tissues by binding to their receptors. Among them, CXCL12 and its receptor CXCR4 appeared with ancestral vertebrates, are expressed almost ubiquitously, and play essential roles in embryogenesis and organogenesis. In addition, CXCL12 and CXCR4 are involved in antigen recognition by T and B cells and in shaping the tumor microenvironment (TME), mainly towards dampening immune responses. New data indicate that CXCR4 interacts with the surface protein CD47 in a novel form of immunosurveillance, called ImmunoGenic Surrender (IGS). Following the co-internalization of CXCR4 and CD47 in tumor cells, macrophages phagocytose them and cross-present their antigens to the adaptive immune system, leading to tumor rejection in a fraction of mice. All of these specific activities of CXCL12 and CXCR4 in antigen presentation might be complementary to current immunotherapies. Abstract CXCR4 is a G-Protein coupled receptor that is expressed nearly ubiquitously and is known to control cell migration via its interaction with CXCL12, the most ancient chemokine. The functions of CXCR4/CXCL12 extend beyond cell migration and involve the recognition and disposal of unhealthy or tumor cells. The CXCR4/CXCL12 axis plays a relevant role in shaping the tumor microenvironment (TME), mainly towards dampening immune responses. Notably, CXCR4/CXCL12 cross-signal via the T and B cell receptors (TCR and BCR) and co-internalize with CD47, promoting tumor cell phagocytosis by macrophages in an anti-tumor immune process called ImmunoGenic Surrender (IGS). These specific activities in shaping the immune response might be exploited to improve current immunotherapies.
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15
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Hou Z, Zhang H, Xu K, Zhu S, Wang L, Su D, Liu J, Su S, Liu D, Huang S, Xu J, Pan Z, Tao J. Cluster analysis of splenocyte microRNAs in the pig reveals key signal regulators of immunomodulation in the host during acute and chronic Toxoplasma gondii infection. Parasit Vectors 2022; 15:58. [PMID: 35177094 PMCID: PMC8851844 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-022-05164-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular protozoan parasite that can cause a geographically widespread zoonosis. Our previous splenocyte microRNA profile analyses of pig infected with T. gondii revealed that the coordination of a large number of miRNAs regulates the host immune response during infection. However, the functions of other miRNAs involved in the immune regulation during T. gondii infection are not yet known. METHODS Clustering analysis was performed by K-means, self-organizing map (SOM), and hierarchical clustering to obtain miRNA groups with the similar expression patterns. Then, the target genes of the miRNA group in each subcluster were further analyzed for functional enrichment by Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), and Reactome pathway to recognize the key signaling molecules and the regulatory signatures of the innate and adaptive immune responses of the host during T. gondii infection. RESULTS A total of 252 miRNAs were successfully divided into 22 subclusters by K-means clustering (designated as K1-K22), 29 subclusters by SOM clustering (designated as SOM1-SOM29), and six subclusters by hierarchical clustering (designated as H1-H6) based on their dynamic expression levels in the different infection stages. A total of 634, 660, and 477 GO terms, 15, 26, and 14 KEGG pathways, and 16, 15, and 7 Reactome pathways were significantly enriched by K-means, SOM, and hierarchical clustering, respectively. Of note, up to 22 miRNAs mainly showing downregulated expression at 50 days post-infection (dpi) were grouped into one subcluster (namely subcluster H3-K17-SOM1) through the three algorithms. Functional analysis revealed that a large group of immunomodulatory signaling molecules were controlled by the different miRNA groups to regulate multiple immune processes, for instance, IL-1-mediated cellular response and Th1/Th2 cell differentiation partly depending on Notch signaling transduction for subclusters K1 and K2, innate immune response involved in neutrophil degranulation and TLR4 cascade signaling for subcluster K15, B cell activation for subclusters SOM17, SOM1, and SOM25, leukocyte migration, and chemokine activity for subcluster SOM9, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction for subcluster H2, and interleukin production, chemotaxis of immune cells, chemokine signaling pathway, and C-type lectin receptor signaling pathway for subcluster H3-K17-SOM1. CONCLUSIONS Cluster analysis of splenocyte microRNAs in the pig revealed key regulatory properties of subcluster miRNA molecules and important features in the immune regulation induced by acute and chronic T. gondii infection. These results contribute new insight into the identification of physiological immune responses and maintenance of tolerance in pig spleen tissues during T. gondii infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaofeng Hou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China
| | - Kangzhi Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China
| | - Shifan Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China
| | - Lele Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China
| | - Dingzeyang Su
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiantao Liu
- YEBIO Bioengineering Co., Ltd. of QINGDAO, Qingdao, 266109, People's Republic of China
| | - Shijie Su
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China
| | - Dandan Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China
| | - Siyang Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinjun Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiming Pan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianping Tao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China. .,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China. .,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China.
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16
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Guilhem A, Portalès P, Dupuis-Girod S, Rivière S, Vincent T. Altered expressions of CXCR4 and CD26 on T-helper lymphocytes in hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2021; 16:511. [PMID: 34906163 PMCID: PMC8670161 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-021-02139-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) is a rare genetic disease characterized by a deregulated neo-angiogenesis. Besides a mainly vascular phenotype (muco-cutaneous telangiectases, arteriovenous malformations), a specific risk of infection is suggested by case series of severe and atypical infections as well as by reports of decreased T and natural killer (NK) lymphocyte counts. As some evidence supports a dysregulation of the CXCR4/CXCL12 chemotactic axis of HHT endothelial cells, we hypothesized that a similar phenomenon could occur on lymphocytes. Methods Eighteen HHT patients with history of severe infection (HSI) were matched in age and sex with 18 HHT without HSI and 18 healthy control subjects (HC). We assessed the cell count and the surface expression of CXCR4 and CD26 (CXCL12 inactivating peptidase) of circulating T-helper and T-cytotoxic lymphocytes (including naive, memory and activated subsets) and NK cells. Results The overall HHT group of 36 patients exhibited a reduction of circulating T-helper lymphocytes compared to HC (median: 517 vs. 1026 cells/mm3, p < 0.0001), correlated with age (r = − 0.46, p = 0.005), requirement of intravenous iron or blood transfusions (median: 291 vs. 627 cells/mm3, p = 0.03) and CXCR4 surface expression (r = 0.353, p = 0.0345). CXCR4 and CD26 membrane expression were both decreased on HHT T-helper lymphocytes (median MFI ratio: 4.49 vs. 5.74 for CXCR4 and 3.21 vs. 4.33 for CD26, p = 0.03 and 0.0018 respectively) with an unchanged CXCR4/CD26 ratio. The HHT group with HSI had a higher CXCR4/CD26 ratio on the total T-lymphocyte population, as well as on the T-helper population and its naive subset (median on naive T-helper cells: 2.34 vs. 1.32, p = 0.0002). Conclusions Our findings support a dysregulation of the CXCL12/CXCR4 chemotaxis of T-helper lymphocytes in HHT patients, potentially linked to their T-helper lymphopenia and susceptibility to infection. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13023-021-02139-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Guilhem
- CHU de Montpellier, Médecine interne et maladies multi-organiques de l'adulte, Hôpital Saint Eloi, Montpellier, France.
| | - Pierre Portalès
- CHU de Montpellier, Laboratoire d'immunologie, Hôpital Saint Eloi, Montpellier, France
| | - Sophie Dupuis-Girod
- Centre National de référence Maladie de Rendu-Osler, Service de génétique Hôpital Mère-Enfant, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, France
| | - Sophie Rivière
- CHU de Montpellier, Médecine interne et maladies multi-organiques de l'adulte, Hôpital Saint Eloi, Montpellier, France
| | - Thierry Vincent
- CHU de Montpellier, Laboratoire d'immunologie, Hôpital Saint Eloi, Montpellier, France
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17
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Prestimulation of CD2 confers resistance to HIV-1 latent infection in blood resting CD4 T cells. iScience 2021; 24:103305. [PMID: 34765923 PMCID: PMC8571718 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
HIV-1 infects blood CD4 T cells through the use of CD4 and CXCR4 or CCR5 receptors, which can be targeted through blocking viral binding to CD4/CXCR4/CCR5 or virus-cell fusion. Here we describe a novel mechanism by which HIV-1 nuclear entry can also be blocked through targeting a non-entry receptor, CD2. Cluster of differentiation 2 (CD2) is an adhesion molecule highly expressed on human blood CD4, particularly, memory CD4 T cells. We found that CD2 ligation with its cell-free ligand LFA-3 or anti-CD2 antibodies rendered blood resting CD4 T cells highly resistant to HIV-1 infection. We further demonstrate that mechanistically, CD2 binding initiates competitive signaling leading to cofilin activation and localized actin polymerization around CD2, which spatially inhibits HIV-1-initiated local actin polymerization needed for viral nuclear migration. Our study identifies CD2 as a novel target to block HIV-1 infection of blood resting T cells. CD2 is highly expressed on human blood CD4 T cells, particularly memory T cells Prestimulation of CD2 rendered resting T cells highly resistant to HIV infection CD2 signaling activates cofilin and actin polymerization blocking HIV nuclear entry CD2 may serve as a novel target to inhibit HIV-1 infection of blood resting T cells
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18
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McIntosh SZ, Quinn KE, Ashley RL. CXCL12 May Drive Inflammatory Potential in the Ovine Corpus Luteum During Implantation. Reprod Sci 2021; 29:122-132. [PMID: 34755321 PMCID: PMC8677687 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-021-00791-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Adequate corpus luteum (CL) function is paramount to successful pregnancy. Structural and functional CL integrity is controlled by diverse cell types that contribute and respond to the local cytokine milieu. The chemokine ligand 12 (CXCL12) and receptor, CXCR4, are modulators of inflammation and cell survival, but little is understood about CXCL12-CXCR4 axis and CL functional regulation. Corpora lutea from control nonpregnant ewes (n = 5; day 10 estrous cycle (D10C)) and pregnant ewes (n = 5/day) on days 20 (D20P) and 30 (D30P) post-breeding were analyzed for gene and protein expression of CXCL12, CXCR4, and select inflammatory cytokines. In separate cell culture studies, cytokine production was evaluated following CXCL12 treatment. Abundance of CXCL12 and CXCR4 increased (P < 0.05) in pregnant ewes compared to nonpregnant ewes, as determined by a combination of quantitative PCR, immunoblot, and immunofluorescence microscopy. CXCR4 was detected in steroidogenic and nonsteroidogenic cells in ovine CL, and select pro-inflammatory mediators were greater in CL from pregnant ewes. In vitro studies revealed greater abundance of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) following CXCL12 administration (P = 0.05), while P4 levels in cell media were unchanged. Fully functional CL of pregnant ewes is characterized by increased abundance of inflammatory cytokines which may function in a luteotropic manner. We report concurrent increases in CXCL12, CXCR4, and select inflammatory mediators in ovine CL as early pregnancy progresses. We propose CXCL12 stimulates production of select cytokines, rather than P4 in the CL to assist in CL establishment and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacia Z McIntosh
- Department of Animal and Range Sciences, New Mexico State University, MSC 3-I, PO Box 30003, Las Cruces, NM, 88003, USA
| | - Kelsey E Quinn
- Department of Animal and Range Sciences, New Mexico State University, MSC 3-I, PO Box 30003, Las Cruces, NM, 88003, USA.,Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Ryan L Ashley
- Department of Animal and Range Sciences, New Mexico State University, MSC 3-I, PO Box 30003, Las Cruces, NM, 88003, USA.
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19
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Felce SL, Farnie G, Dustin ML, Felce JH. RNA-Seq analysis of early transcriptional responses to activation in the leukaemic Jurkat E6.1 T cell line. Wellcome Open Res 2021; 5:42. [PMID: 36865034 PMCID: PMC9971649 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.15748.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The leukaemia-derived Jurkat E6.1 cell line has been used as a model T cell in the study of many aspects of T cell biology, most notably activation in response to T cell receptor (TCR) engagement. Methods: We present whole-transcriptome RNA-Sequencing data for Jurkat E6.1 cells in the resting state and two hours post-activation via TCR and CD28. We compare early transcriptional responses in the presence and absence of the chemokines CXCL12 and CCL19, and perform a basic comparison between observed transcriptional responses in Jurkat E6.1 cells and those in primary human T cells using publicly deposited data. Results: Jurkat E6.1 cells have many of the hallmarks of standard T cell transcriptional responses to activation, but lack most of the depth of responses in primary cells. Conclusions: These data indicate that Jurkat E6.1 cells hence represent only a highly simplified model of early T cell transcriptional responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suet Ling Felce
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Botnar Research Centre, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LD, UK
| | - Gillian Farnie
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Botnar Research Centre, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LD, UK
| | - Michael L. Dustin
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7FY, UK,
| | - James H. Felce
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7FY, UK,
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20
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Felce SL, Farnie G, Dustin ML, Felce JH. RNA-Seq analysis of early transcriptional responses to activation in the leukaemic Jurkat E6.1 T cell line. Wellcome Open Res 2021; 5:42. [PMID: 36865034 PMCID: PMC9971649 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.15748.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The leukaemia-derived Jurkat E6.1 cell line has been used as a model T cell in the study of many aspects of T cell biology, most notably activation in response to T cell receptor (TCR) engagement. Methods: We present whole-transcriptome RNA-Sequencing data for Jurkat E6.1 cells in the resting state and two hours post-activation via TCR and CD28. We compare early transcriptional responses in the presence and absence of the chemokines CXCL12 and CCL19, and perform a basic comparison between observed transcriptional responses in Jurkat E6.1 cells and those in primary human T cells using publicly deposited data. Results: Jurkat E6.1 cells have many of the hallmarks of standard T cell transcriptional responses to activation, but lack most of the depth of responses in primary cells. Conclusions: These data indicate that Jurkat E6.1 cells hence represent only a highly simplified model of early T cell transcriptional responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suet Ling Felce
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Botnar Research Centre, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LD, UK
| | - Gillian Farnie
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Botnar Research Centre, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LD, UK
| | - Michael L. Dustin
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7FY, UK,
| | - James H. Felce
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7FY, UK,
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21
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Blanco A, Mahajan T, Coronado RA, Ma K, Demma DR, Dar RD. Synergistic Chromatin-Modifying Treatments Reactivate Latent HIV and Decrease Migration of Multiple Host-Cell Types. Viruses 2021; 13:v13061097. [PMID: 34201394 PMCID: PMC8228244 DOI: 10.3390/v13061097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Upon infection of its host cell, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) establishes a quiescent and non-productive state capable of spontaneous reactivation. Diverse cell types harboring the provirus form a latent reservoir, constituting a major obstacle to curing HIV. Here, we investigate the effects of latency reversal agents (LRAs) in an HIV-infected THP-1 monocyte cell line in vitro. We demonstrate that leading drug treatments synergize activation of the HIV long terminal repeat (LTR) promoter. We establish a latency model in THP-1 monocytes using a replication incompetent HIV reporter vector with functional Tat, and show that chromatin modifiers synergize with a potent transcriptional activator to enhance HIV reactivation, similar to T-cells. Furthermore, leading reactivation cocktails are shown to differentially affect latency reactivation and surface expression of chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4), leading to altered host cell migration. This study investigates the effect of chromatin-modifying LRA treatments on HIV latent reactivation and cell migration in monocytes. As previously reported in T-cells, epigenetic mechanisms in monocytes contribute to controlling the relationship between latent reactivation and cell migration. Ultimately, advanced “Shock and Kill” therapy needs to successfully target and account for all host cell types represented in a complex and composite latency milieu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Blanco
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; (A.B.); (T.M.); (R.A.C.); (K.M.); (D.R.D.)
| | - Tarun Mahajan
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; (A.B.); (T.M.); (R.A.C.); (K.M.); (D.R.D.)
| | - Robert A. Coronado
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; (A.B.); (T.M.); (R.A.C.); (K.M.); (D.R.D.)
| | - Kelly Ma
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; (A.B.); (T.M.); (R.A.C.); (K.M.); (D.R.D.)
| | - Dominic R. Demma
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; (A.B.); (T.M.); (R.A.C.); (K.M.); (D.R.D.)
| | - Roy D. Dar
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; (A.B.); (T.M.); (R.A.C.); (K.M.); (D.R.D.)
- Center for Biophysics and Quantitative Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(217)-265-0708
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22
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Luker GD, Yang J, Richmond A, Scala S, Festuccia C, Schottelius M, Wester HJ, Zimmermann J. At the Bench: Pre-clinical evidence for multiple functions of CXCR4 in cancer. J Leukoc Biol 2021; 109:969-989. [PMID: 33104270 PMCID: PMC8254203 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.2bt1018-715rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Signaling through chemokine receptor, C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) regulates essential processes in normal physiology, including embryogenesis, tissue repair, angiogenesis, and trafficking of immune cells. Tumors co-opt many of these fundamental processes to directly stimulate proliferation, invasion, and metastasis of cancer cells. CXCR4 signaling contributes to critical functions of stromal cells in cancer, including angiogenesis and multiple cell types in the tumor immune environment. Studies in animal models of several different types of cancers consistently demonstrate essential functions of CXCR4 in tumor initiation, local invasion, and metastasis to lymph nodes and distant organs. Data from animal models support clinical observations showing that integrated effects of CXCR4 on cancer and stromal cells correlate with metastasis and overall poor prognosis in >20 different human malignancies. Small molecules, Abs, and peptidic agents have shown anticancer efficacy in animal models, sparking ongoing efforts at clinical translation for cancer therapy. Investigators also are developing companion CXCR4-targeted imaging agents with potential to stratify patients for CXCR4-targeted therapy and monitor treatment efficacy. Here, pre-clinical studies demonstrating functions of CXCR4 in cancer are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary D Luker
- Departments of Radiology, Biomedical Engineering, and Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Jinming Yang
- School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Ann Richmond
- School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Stefania Scala
- Research Department, Microenvironment Molecular Targets, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS "Fondazione G. Pascale", Napoli, Italy
| | - Claudio Festuccia
- Department of Applied Clinical Science and Biotechnologies, Laboratory of Radiobiology, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Margret Schottelius
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, and Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Hans-Jürgen Wester
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
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23
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Morelli AE, Sumpter TL, Rojas-Canales DM, Bandyopadhyay M, Chen Z, Tkacheva O, Shufesky WJ, Wallace CT, Watkins SC, Berger A, Paige CJ, Falo LD, Larregina AT. Neurokinin-1 Receptor Signaling Is Required for Efficient Ca 2+ Flux in T-Cell-Receptor-Activated T Cells. Cell Rep 2021; 30:3448-3465.e8. [PMID: 32160549 PMCID: PMC7169378 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.02.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 12/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Efficient Ca2+ flux induced during cognate T cell activation requires signaling the T cell receptor (TCR) and unidentified G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). T cells express the neurokinin-1 receptor (NK1R), a GPCR that mediates Ca2+ flux in excitable and non-excitable cells. However, the role of the NK1R in TCR signaling remains unknown. We show that the NK1R and its agonists, the neuropeptides substance P and hemokinin-1, co-localize within the immune synapse during cognate activation of T cells. Simultaneous TCR and NK1R stimulation is necessary for efficient Ca2+ flux and Ca2+-dependent signaling that sustains the survival of activated T cells and helper 1 (Th1) and Th17 bias. In a model of contact dermatitis, mice with T cells deficient in NK1R or its agonists exhibit impaired cellular immunity, due to high mortality of activated T cells. We demonstrate an effect of the NK1R in T cells that is relevant for immunotherapies based on pro-inflammatory neuropeptides and its receptors. The neurokinin 1 receptor (NK1R) induces Ca2+ flux in excitable cells. Here, Morelli et al. show that NK1R signaling in T cells promotes optimal Ca2+ flux triggered by TCR stimulation, which is necessary to sustain T cell survival and the efficient Th1- and Th17-based immunity that is relevant for immunotherapies based on pro-inflammatory neuropeptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian E Morelli
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Tina L Sumpter
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Mohna Bandyopadhyay
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Zhizhao Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Medical Technology on Transplantation, Transplant Center, Institute of Hepatobiliary Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Olga Tkacheva
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - William J Shufesky
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Callen T Wallace
- Department of Cell Biology and Center for Biological Imaging, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; The McGowan Center for Regenerative Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Simon C Watkins
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Cell Biology and Center for Biological Imaging, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; The McGowan Center for Regenerative Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Alexandra Berger
- Ontario Cancer Institute, Princess Margaret Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Louis D Falo
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; The McGowan Center for Regenerative Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh Swanson School of Engineering, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; The University of Pittsburgh Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; The UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Adriana T Larregina
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; The McGowan Center for Regenerative Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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24
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Cheng J, Lucas PC, McAllister-Lucas LM. Canonical and Non-Canonical Roles of GRK2 in Lymphocytes. Cells 2021; 10:cells10020307. [PMID: 33546162 PMCID: PMC7913175 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2) is emerging as a key integrative signaling node in a variety of biological processes ranging from cell growth and proliferation to migration and chemotaxis. As such, GRK2 is now implicated as playing a role in the molecular pathogenesis of a broad group of diseases including heart failure, cancer, depression, neurodegenerative disease, and others. In addition to its long-known canonical role in the phosphorylation and desensitization of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), recent studies have shown that GRK2 also modulates a diverse array of other molecular processes via newly identified GRK2 kinase substrates and via a growing number of protein-protein interaction binding partners. GRK2 belongs to the 7-member GRK family. It is a multidomain protein containing a specific N-terminal region (referred to as αN), followed by a regulator of G protein signaling homology (RH) domain, an AGC (Protein kinase A, G, C serine/threonine kinase family) kinase domain, and a C-terminal pleckstrin homology (PH) domain. GPCRs mediate the activity of many regulators of the immune system such as chemokines and leukotrienes, and thus GRK proteins may play key roles in modulating the lymphocyte response to these factors. As one of the predominant GRK family members expressed in immune cells, GRK2's canonical and noncanonical actions play an especially significant role in normal immune cell function as well as in the development and progression of disorders of the immune system. This review summarizes our current state of knowledge of the roles of GRK2 in lymphocytes. We highlight the diverse functions of GRK2 and discuss how ongoing investigation of GRK2 in lymphocytes may inform the development of new therapies for diseases associated with lymphocyte dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Cheng
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA;
- Correspondence:
| | - Peter C. Lucas
- Divisions of Molecular Genomic Pathology and Experimental Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA;
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
| | - Linda M. McAllister-Lucas
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA;
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
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25
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Bangert C, Rindler K, Krausgruber T, Alkon N, Thaler FM, Kurz H, Ayub T, Demirtas D, Fortelny N, Vorstandlechner V, Bauer WM, Quint T, Mildner M, Jonak C, Elbe-Bürger A, Griss J, Bock C, Brunner PM. Persistence of mature dendritic cells, T H2A, and Tc2 cells characterize clinically resolved atopic dermatitis under IL-4Rα blockade. Sci Immunol 2021; 6:eabe2749. [PMID: 33483337 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abe2749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic options for autoimmune diseases typically consist of broad and targeted immunosuppressive agents. However, sustained clinical benefit is rarely achieved, as the disease phenotype usually returns after cessation of treatment. To better understand tissue-resident immune memory in human disease, we investigated patients with atopic dermatitis (AD) who underwent short-term or long-term treatment with the IL-4Rα blocker dupilumab. Using multi-omics profiling with single-cell RNA sequencing and multiplex proteomics, we found significant decreases in overall skin immune cell counts and normalization of transcriptomic dysregulation in keratinocytes consistent with clearance of disease. However, we identified specific immune cell populations that persisted for up to a year after clinical remission while being absent from healthy controls. These populations included LAMP3 + CCL22+ mature dendritic cells, CRTH2 + CD161 + T helper ("TH2A") cells, and CRTAM + cytotoxic T cells, which expressed high levels of CCL17 (dendritic cells) and IL13 (T cells). TH2A cells showed a characteristic cytokine receptor constellation with IL17RB, IL1RL1 (ST2), and CRLF2 expression, suggesting that these cells are key responders to the AD-typical epidermal alarmins IL-25, IL-33, and TSLP, respectively. We thus identified disease-linked immune cell populations in resolved AD indicative of a persisting disease memory, facilitating a rapid response system of epidermal-dermal cross-talk between keratinocytes, dendritic cells, and T cells. This observation may help to explain the disease recurrence upon termination of immunosuppressive treatments in AD, and it identifies potential disease memory-linked cell types that may be targeted to achieve a more sustained therapeutic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Bangert
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Katharina Rindler
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Krausgruber
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Natalia Alkon
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Felix M Thaler
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Harald Kurz
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tanya Ayub
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Denis Demirtas
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nikolaus Fortelny
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Wolfgang M Bauer
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tamara Quint
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Mildner
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Constanze Jonak
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Johannes Griss
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph Bock
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Patrick M Brunner
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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26
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Felce JH, Parolini L, Sezgin E, Céspedes PF, Korobchevskaya K, Jones M, Peng Y, Dong T, Fritzsche M, Aarts D, Frater J, Dustin ML. Single-Molecule, Super-Resolution, and Functional Analysis of G Protein-Coupled Receptor Behavior Within the T Cell Immunological Synapse. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 8:608484. [PMID: 33537301 PMCID: PMC7848080 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.608484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
A central process in immunity is the activation of T cells through interaction of T cell receptors (TCRs) with agonistic peptide-major histocompatibility complexes (pMHC) on the surface of antigen presenting cells (APCs). TCR-pMHC binding triggers the formation of an extensive contact between the two cells termed the immunological synapse, which acts as a platform for integration of multiple signals determining cellular outcomes, including those from multiple co-stimulatory/inhibitory receptors. Contributors to this include a number of chemokine receptors, notably CXC-chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4), and other members of the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) family. Although best characterized as mediators of ligand-dependent chemotaxis, some chemokine receptors are also recruited to the synapse and contribute to signaling in the absence of ligation. How these and other GPCRs integrate within the dynamic structure of the synapse is unknown, as is how their normally migratory Gαi-coupled signaling is terminated upon recruitment. Here, we report the spatiotemporal organization of several GPCRs, focusing on CXCR4, and the G protein Gαi2 within the synapse of primary human CD4+ T cells on supported lipid bilayers, using standard- and super-resolution fluorescence microscopy. We find that CXCR4 undergoes orchestrated phases of reorganization, culminating in recruitment to the TCR-enriched center. This appears to be dependent on CXCR4 ubiquitination, and does not involve stable interactions with TCR microclusters, as viewed at the nanoscale. Disruption of this process by mutation impairs CXCR4 contributions to cellular activation. Gαi2 undergoes active exclusion from the synapse, partitioning from centrally-accumulated CXCR4. Using a CRISPR-Cas9 knockout screen, we identify several diverse GPCRs with contributions to T cell activation, most significantly the sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor S1PR1, and the oxysterol receptor GPR183. These, and other GPCRs, undergo organization similar to CXCR4; including initial exclusion, centripetal transport, and lack of receptor-TCR interactions. These constitute the first observations of GPCR dynamics within the synapse, and give insights into how these receptors may contribute to T cell activation. The observation of broad GPCR contributions to T cell activation also opens the possibility that modulating GPCR expression in response to cell status or environment may directly regulate responsiveness to pMHC.
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Affiliation(s)
- James H Felce
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Lucia Parolini
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Erdinc Sezgin
- Medical Research Council Human Immunology Unit, Medical Research Council Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pablo F Céspedes
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Mathew Jones
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Yanchun Peng
- Medical Research Council Human Immunology Unit, Medical Research Council Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Oxford Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Tao Dong
- Medical Research Council Human Immunology Unit, Medical Research Council Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Oxford Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Marco Fritzsche
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Rosalind Franklin Institute, Didcot, United Kingdom
| | - Dirk Aarts
- Department of Chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - John Frater
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,National Institute of Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Michael L Dustin
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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27
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Renert-Yuval Y, Del Duca E, Pavel AB, Fang M, Lefferdink R, Wu J, Diaz A, Estrada YD, Canter T, Zhang N, Wagner A, Chamlin S, Krueger JG, Guttman-Yassky E, Paller AS. The molecular features of normal and atopic dermatitis skin in infants, children, adolescents, and adults. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2021; 148:148-163. [PMID: 33453290 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2021.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although atopic dermatitis (AD) often presents in infancy and persists into adulthood, comparative characterization of AD skin among different pediatric age groups is lacking. OBJECTIVE We sought to define skin biopsy profiles of lesional and nonlesional AD across different age groups (0-5-year-old infants with disease duration <6 months, 6-11-year-old children, 12-17-year-old adolescents, ≥18-year-old adults) versus age-appropriate controls. METHODS We performed gene expression analyses by RNA-sequencing and real-time PCR (RT-PCR) and protein expression analysis using immunohistochemistry. RESULTS TH2/TH22 skewing, including IL-13, CCL17/thymus and activation-regulated chemokine, IL-22, and S100As, characterized the common AD signature, with a global pathway-level enrichment across all ages. Nevertheless, specific cytokines varied widely. For example, IL-33, IL-1RL1/IL-33R, and IL-9, often associated with early atopic sensitization, showed greatest upregulations in infants. TH17 inflammation presented a 2-peak curve, with highest increases in infants (including IL-17A and IL-17F), followed by adults. TH1 polarization was uniquely detected in adults, even when compared with adolescents, with significant upregulation in adults of IFN-γ and CXCL9/CXCL10/CXCL11. Although all AD age groups had barrier abnormalities, only adults had significant decreases in filaggrin expression. Despite the short duration of the disease, infant AD presented robust downregulations of multiple barrier-related genes in both lesional and nonlesional skin. Clinical severity scores significantly correlated with TH2/TH22-related markers in all pediatric age groups. CONCLUSIONS The shared signature of AD across ages is TH2/TH22-skewed, yet differential expression of specific TH2/TH22-related genes, other TH pathways, and barrier-related genes portray heterogenetic, age-specific molecular fingerprints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yael Renert-Yuval
- Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY; Department of Dermatology and Laboratory of Inflammatory Skin Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Ester Del Duca
- Department of Dermatology and Laboratory of Inflammatory Skin Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; Department of Dermatology, University Magna Graecia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Ana B Pavel
- Department of Dermatology and Laboratory of Inflammatory Skin Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Mississippi, Oxford, Miss
| | - Milie Fang
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - Rachel Lefferdink
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - Jianni Wu
- Department of Dermatology and Laboratory of Inflammatory Skin Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Aisleen Diaz
- Department of Dermatology and Laboratory of Inflammatory Skin Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Yeriel D Estrada
- Department of Dermatology and Laboratory of Inflammatory Skin Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Talia Canter
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - Ning Zhang
- Department of Dermatology and Laboratory of Inflammatory Skin Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Annette Wagner
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - Sarah Chamlin
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - James G Krueger
- Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY
| | - Emma Guttman-Yassky
- Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY; Department of Dermatology and Laboratory of Inflammatory Skin Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY.
| | - Amy S Paller
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill.
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28
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Cell surface thermal proteome profiling tracks perturbations and drug targets on the plasma membrane. Nat Methods 2021; 18:84-91. [PMID: 33398190 DOI: 10.1038/s41592-020-01022-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Numerous drugs and endogenous ligands bind to cell surface receptors leading to modulation of downstream signaling cascades and frequently to adaptation of the plasma membrane proteome. In-depth analysis of dynamic processes at the cell surface is challenging due to biochemical properties and low abundances of plasma membrane proteins. Here we introduce cell surface thermal proteome profiling for the comprehensive characterization of ligand-induced changes in protein abundances and thermal stabilities at the plasma membrane. We demonstrate drug binding to extracellular receptors and transporters, discover stimulation-dependent remodeling of T cell receptor complexes and describe a competition-based approach to measure target engagement of G-protein-coupled receptor antagonists. Remodeling of the plasma membrane proteome in response to treatment with the TGFB receptor inhibitor SB431542 leads to partial internalization of the monocarboxylate transporters MCT1/3 explaining the antimetastatic effects of the drug.
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29
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Köchl R, Vanes L, Llorian Sopena M, Chakravarty P, Hartweger H, Fountain K, White A, Cowan J, Anderson G, Tybulewicz VL. Critical role of WNK1 in MYC-dependent early mouse thymocyte development. eLife 2020; 9:56934. [PMID: 33051000 PMCID: PMC7591260 DOI: 10.7554/elife.56934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
WNK1, a kinase that controls kidney salt homeostasis, also regulates adhesion and migration in CD4+ T cells. Wnk1 is highly expressed in thymocytes, and since migration is important for thymocyte maturation, we investigated a role for WNK1 in mouse thymocyte development. We find that WNK1 is required for the transition of double negative (DN) thymocytes through the β-selection checkpoint and subsequent proliferation and differentiation into double positive (DP) thymocytes. Furthermore, we show that WNK1 negatively regulates LFA1-mediated adhesion and positively regulates CXCL12-induced migration in DN thymocytes. Despite this, migration defects of WNK1-deficient thymocytes do not account for the developmental arrest. Instead, we show that in DN thymocytes WNK1 transduces pre-TCR signals via OXSR1 and STK39 kinases, and the SLC12A2 ion co-transporter that are required for post-transcriptional upregulation of MYC and subsequent proliferation and differentiation into DP thymocytes. Thus, a pathway regulating ion homeostasis is a critical regulator of thymocyte development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Köchl
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom.,Kings College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lesley Vanes
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | - Andrea White
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Victor Lj Tybulewicz
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom.,Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
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30
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Martín‐Leal A, Blanco R, Casas J, Sáez ME, Rodríguez‐Bovolenta E, de Rojas I, Drechsler C, Real LM, Fabrias G, Ruíz A, Castro M, Schamel WWA, Alarcón B, van Santen HM, Mañes S. CCR5 deficiency impairs CD4 + T-cell memory responses and antigenic sensitivity through increased ceramide synthesis. EMBO J 2020; 39:e104749. [PMID: 32525588 PMCID: PMC7396835 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2020104749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
CCR5 is not only a coreceptor for HIV-1 infection in CD4+ T cells, but also contributes to their functional fitness. Here, we show that by limiting transcription of specific ceramide synthases, CCR5 signaling reduces ceramide levels and thereby increases T-cell antigen receptor (TCR) nanoclustering in antigen-experienced mouse and human CD4+ T cells. This activity is CCR5-specific and independent of CCR5 co-stimulatory activity. CCR5-deficient mice showed reduced production of high-affinity class-switched antibodies, but only after antigen rechallenge, which implies an impaired memory CD4+ T-cell response. This study identifies a CCR5 function in the generation of CD4+ T-cell memory responses and establishes an antigen-independent mechanism that regulates TCR nanoclustering by altering specific lipid species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Martín‐Leal
- Department of Immunology and OncologyCentro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB/CSIC)MadridSpain
| | - Raquel Blanco
- Department of Immunology and OncologyCentro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB/CSIC)MadridSpain
| | - Josefina Casas
- Department of Biological ChemistryInstitute of Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC‐CSIC)BarcelonaSpain
- CIBER Liver and Digestive Diseases (CIBER‐EDH)Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadridSpain
| | - María E Sáez
- Centro Andaluz de Estudios Bioinformáticos (CAEBi)SevilleSpain
| | - Elena Rodríguez‐Bovolenta
- Department of Cell Biology and ImmunologyCentro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBMSO/CSIC)MadridSpain
| | - Itziar de Rojas
- Alzheimer Research CenterMemory Clinic of the Fundació ACEInstitut Català de Neurociències AplicadesBarcelonaSpain
| | - Carina Drechsler
- Signaling Research Centers BIOSS and CIBSSUniversity of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
- Department of ImmunologyFaculty of BiologyUniversity of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
- Institute for Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
| | - Luis Miguel Real
- Unit of Infectious Diseases and MicrobiologyHospital Universitario de ValmeSevilleSpain
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and ImmunologySchool of MedicineUniversidad de MálagaMálagaSpain
| | - Gemma Fabrias
- Department of Biological ChemistryInstitute of Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC‐CSIC)BarcelonaSpain
- CIBER Liver and Digestive Diseases (CIBER‐EDH)Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadridSpain
| | - Agustín Ruíz
- Alzheimer Research CenterMemory Clinic of the Fundació ACEInstitut Català de Neurociències AplicadesBarcelonaSpain
- CIBER Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED)Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadridSpain
| | - Mario Castro
- Interdisciplinary Group of Complex SystemsEscuela Técnica Superior de IngenieríaUniversidad Pontificia ComillasMadridSpain
| | - Wolfgang WA Schamel
- Signaling Research Centers BIOSS and CIBSSUniversity of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
- Department of ImmunologyFaculty of BiologyUniversity of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
- Centre for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI)University of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
| | - Balbino Alarcón
- Department of Cell Biology and ImmunologyCentro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBMSO/CSIC)MadridSpain
| | - Hisse M van Santen
- Department of Cell Biology and ImmunologyCentro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBMSO/CSIC)MadridSpain
| | - Santos Mañes
- Department of Immunology and OncologyCentro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB/CSIC)MadridSpain
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31
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Llorente García I, Marsh M. A biophysical perspective on receptor-mediated virus entry with a focus on HIV. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOMEMBRANES 2020; 1862:183158. [PMID: 31863725 PMCID: PMC7156917 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2019.183158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
As part of their entry and infection strategy, viruses interact with specific receptor molecules expressed on the surface of target cells. The efficiency and kinetics of the virus-receptor interactions required for a virus to productively infect a cell is determined by the biophysical properties of the receptors, which are in turn influenced by the receptors' plasma membrane (PM) environments. Currently, little is known about the biophysical properties of these receptor molecules or their engagement during virus binding and entry. Here we review virus-receptor interactions focusing on the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV), the etiological agent of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), as a model system. HIV is one of the best characterised enveloped viruses, with the identity, roles and structure of the key molecules required for infection well established. We review current knowledge of receptor-mediated HIV entry, addressing the properties of the HIV cell-surface receptors, the techniques used to measure these properties, and the macromolecular interactions and events required for virus entry. We discuss some of the key biophysical principles underlying receptor-mediated virus entry and attempt to interpret the available data in the context of biophysical mechanisms. We also highlight crucial outstanding questions and consider how new tools might be applied to advance understanding of the biophysical properties of viral receptors and the dynamic events leading to virus entry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mark Marsh
- Medical Research Council Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, UK
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32
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Marino AP, Dos Santos LI, Henriques PM, Roffe E, Vasconcelos-Santos DV, Sher A, Jankovic D, Gomes MS, Amaral LR, Campi-Azevedo AC, Teixeira-Carvalho A, Martins-Filho OA, Gazzinelli RT, Antonelli LR. Circulating inflammatory mediators as biomarkers of ocular toxoplasmosis in acute and in chronic infection. J Leukoc Biol 2020; 108:1253-1264. [PMID: 32421913 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.4ma0420-702r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Toxoplasmosis is highly endemic worldwide. In Brazil, depending on the geographical region and socioeconomic status, 40-70% of individuals become seropositive at some point in their lives. A significant proportion of Toxoplasma gondii-chronically infected individuals who are otherwise immunocompetent develop recurrent ocular lesions. The inflammatory/immune mechanisms involved in development of ocular lesion are still unknown and, despite previous investigation, there are no reliable immune biomarkers to predict/follow disease outcome. To better understand the impact of the immune response on parasite control and immunopathology of ocular toxoplasmosis, and to provide insights on putative biomarkers for disease monitoring, we assessed the production of a large panel of circulating immune mediators in a longitudinal study of patients with postnatally acquired toxoplasmosis stratified by the presence of ocular involvement, both at the early acute stage and 6 months later during chronic infection, correlating them with presence of ocular involvement. We found that T. gondii-infected patients, especially during the acute stage of the disease, display high levels of chemokines, cytokines, and growth factors involved in the activation, proliferation, and migration of inflammatory cells to injured tissues. In particular, major increases were found in the IFN-induced chemokines CXCL9 and CXCL10 in T. gondii-infected patients regardless of disease stage or clinical manifestations. Moreover, a specific subgroup of circulating cytokines and chemokines including GM-CSF, CCL25, CCL11, CXCL12, CXCL13, and CCL2 was identified as potential biomarkers that accurately distinguish different stages of infection and predict the occurrence of ocular toxoplasmosis. In addition to serving as predictors of disease development, these host inflammatory molecules may offer promise as candidate targets for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Pmp Marino
- Laboratório de Biologia e Imunologia de Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Luara I Dos Santos
- Laboratório de Biologia e Imunologia de Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.,Faculdade de Ciências Médicas de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Priscilla M Henriques
- Laboratório de Biologia e Imunologia de Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ester Roffe
- Laboratório de Biologia e Imunologia de Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.,Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Molecular Signaling Section, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Daniel V Vasconcelos-Santos
- Department of Ophthalmology and Otorinolaryngology, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Alan Sher
- Immunobiology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Dragana Jankovic
- Immunobiology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Matheus S Gomes
- Rede Multidisciplinar de Pesquisa, Ciência e Tecnologia, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Patos de Minas, Minas Gerais, Brasil.,Laboratório de Bioinformática e Análises Moleculares, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Patos de Minas, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Laurence R Amaral
- Rede Multidisciplinar de Pesquisa, Ciência e Tecnologia, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Patos de Minas, Minas Gerais, Brasil.,Laboratório de Bioinformática e Análises Moleculares, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Patos de Minas, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Ana C Campi-Azevedo
- Grupo Integrado de Pesquisas em Biomarcadores, Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Andréa Teixeira-Carvalho
- Grupo Integrado de Pesquisas em Biomarcadores, Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Olindo A Martins-Filho
- Grupo Integrado de Pesquisas em Biomarcadores, Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ricardo T Gazzinelli
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia, Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Lis R Antonelli
- Laboratório de Biologia e Imunologia de Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Field NS, Moser EK, Oliver PM. Itch regulation of innate and adaptive immune responses in mice and humans. J Leukoc Biol 2020; 108:353-362. [PMID: 32356405 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.3mir0320-272r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The E3 ubiquitin ligase Itch has long been appreciated to be a critical suppressor of inflammation, first identified as a regulator of Th2 differentiation and lung inflammation. Recent studies have revealed novel roles for this protein in mouse and human disease, and it is now clear that Itch also limits the function of other lymphocytes, innate immune cells, and nonhematopoietic cells to regulate immunity. In addition to Th2 cells, Itch also regulates Th17 and regulatory T cells. Itch regulates humoral immunity through direct roles in T follicular helper cells and T follicular regulatory cells, and B cells. Furthermore, Itch limits innate immune responses, such as macrophage cytokine production. Through these cell-intrinsic functions, Itch regulates the interplay between innate and adaptive immune cells, resulting in profound autoinflammation in Itch-deficient mice. Whereas Itch deficiency was previously thought to be an extremely rare occurrence humans, whole exome sequencing of patients with unexplained autoimmune disease has revealed at least two additional cases of Itch deficiency in the last year alone, each caused by distinct mutations within the Itch gene. The recent identification of these patients suggests that Itch mutations may be more common than previously thought, and demonstrates the need to understand how this protein regulates inflammation and autoimmune disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natania S Field
- Cell and Molecular Biology Program, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Medical Scientist Training Program, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Emily K Moser
- Division of Protective Immunity, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Paula M Oliver
- Division of Protective Immunity, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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34
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P66Shc: A Pleiotropic Regulator of B Cell Trafficking and a Gatekeeper in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12041006. [PMID: 32325830 PMCID: PMC7226591 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12041006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Neoplastic B cells from chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients (CLL) have a profound deficiency in the expression of p66Shc, an adaptor protein with pro-apoptotic and pro-oxidant activities. This defect results in leukemic B cell resistance to apoptosis and additionally impinges on the balance between chemokine receptors that control B cell homing to secondary lymphoid organs and the sphingosine phosphate receptor S1PR1 that controls their egress therefrom, thereby favoring leukemic B cell accumulation in the pro-survival lymphoid niche. Ablation of the gene encoding p66Shc in the Eµ-TCL1 mouse model of human CLL enhances leukemogenesis and promotes leukemic cell invasiveness in both nodal and extranodal organs, providing in vivo evidence of the pathogenic role of the p66Shc defect in CLL pathogenesis. Here we present an overview of the functions of p66Shc in B lymphocytes, with a specific focus on the multiple mechanisms exploited by p66Shc to control B cell trafficking and the abnormalities in this process caused by p66Shc deficiency in CLL.
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35
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Onnis A, Cassioli C, Finetti F, Baldari CT. Regulation of Selective B Cell Autophagy by the Pro-oxidant Adaptor p66SHC. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:193. [PMID: 32274384 PMCID: PMC7113388 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
p66SHC is a pro-oxidant member of the SHC family of protein adaptors that acts as a negative regulator of cell survival. In lymphocytes p66SHC exploits both its adaptor and its reactive oxygen species (ROS)-elevating function to antagonize mitogenic and survival signaling and promote apoptosis. As a result, p66SHC deficiency leads to the abnormal expansion of peripheral T and B cells and lupus-like autoimmunity. Additionally, a defect in p66SHC expression is a hallmark of B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia, where it contributes to the accumulation of long-lived neoplastic cells. We have recently provided evidence that p66SHC exerts a further layer of control on B cell homeostasis by acting as a new mitochondrial LC3-II receptor to promote the autophagic demise of dysfunctional mitochondria. Here we discuss this finding in the context of the autophagic control of B cell homeostasis, development, and differentiation in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Onnis
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Chiara Cassioli
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
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36
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D'Agostino G, García-Cuesta EM, Gomariz RP, Rodríguez-Frade JM, Mellado M. The multilayered complexity of the chemokine receptor system. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 528:347-358. [PMID: 32145914 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.02.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The chemokines receptor family are membrane-expressed class A-specific seven-transmembrane receptors linked to G proteins. Through interaction with the corresponding ligands, the chemokines, they induce a wide variety of cellular responses including cell polarization, movement, immune and inflammatory responses, as well as the prevention of HIV-1 infection. Like a Russian matryoshka doll, the chemokine receptor system is more complex than initially envisaged. This review focuses on the mechanisms that contribute to this dazzling complexity and how they modulate the signaling events triggered by chemokines. The chemokines and their receptors exist as monomers, dimers and oligomers, their expression pattern is highly regulated, and the ligands can bind distinct receptors with similar affinities. The use of novel imaging-based technologies, particularly real-time imaging modalities, has shed new light on the very dynamic conformations that chemokine receptors adopt depending on the cellular context, and that affect chemokine-mediated responses. This complex scenario presents both challenging and exciting opportunities for drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca D'Agostino
- Dept. Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/CSIC, Darwin 3, Campus Cantoblanco, E-28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eva M García-Cuesta
- Dept. Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/CSIC, Darwin 3, Campus Cantoblanco, E-28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosa P Gomariz
- Dept. Cell Biology, Complutense University of Madrid, Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), E-28041, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Miguel Rodríguez-Frade
- Dept. Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/CSIC, Darwin 3, Campus Cantoblanco, E-28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mario Mellado
- Dept. Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/CSIC, Darwin 3, Campus Cantoblanco, E-28049, Madrid, Spain.
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37
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Zhang W, Chihade DB, Xie J, Chen CW, Ramonell KM, Liang Z, Coopersmith CM, Ford ML. Preexisting malignancy abrogates the beneficial effects of CXCR4 blockade during sepsis. J Leukoc Biol 2020; 107:485-495. [PMID: 31985098 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.3a1019-502r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 10/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with cancer are at an increased risk of developing and dying from sepsis. We previously reported that blockade of the chemokine receptor CXCR4 resulted in decreased CD4+ T cell exhaustion and improved survival in a model of polymicrobial sepsis in previously healthy mice. Here, we sought to determine whether CXCR4 blockade could improve mortality and immune dysregulation during sepsis complicated with malignancy. Results in animals inoculated with a lung cancer cell line and subjected to CLP 3 weeks later indicated that CXCR4 was up-regulated on naïve and central memory T cells following sepsis. Of note, and in contrast to results in previously healthy mice, CXCR4 blockade failed to improve survival in cancer septic animals; instead, it actually significantly worsened survival. In the setting of cancer, CXCR4 blockade failed to result in T cell egress from the bone marrow, reverse lymphopenia in the spleen, or reverse T cell exhaustion. Mechanistically, elevated expression of CD69 on naïve T cells in the bone marrow of cancer septic animals was associated with their inability to egress from the bone marrow in the setting of CXCR4 blockade. In conclusion, these results illuminate the differential impact of CXCR4 blockade on sepsis pathophysiology in the setting of cancer and highlight the need for personalized therapy during sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxiao Zhang
- Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.,Department of Critical Care Medicine, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University (Henan Provincial People's Hospital), Zhengzhou, China
| | - Deena B Chihade
- Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Jianfeng Xie
- Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Ching-Wen Chen
- Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Kimberly M Ramonell
- Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Zhe Liang
- Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Craig M Coopersmith
- Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.,Emory Critical Care Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Mandy L Ford
- Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.,Emory Transplant Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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38
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WHIM Syndrome: from Pathogenesis Towards Personalized Medicine and Cure. J Clin Immunol 2019; 39:532-556. [PMID: 31313072 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-019-00665-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
WHIM syndrome is a rare combined primary immunodeficiency disease named by acronym for the diagnostic tetrad of warts, hypogammaglobulinemia, infections, and myelokathexis. Myelokathexis is a unique form of non-cyclic severe congenital neutropenia caused by accumulation of mature and degenerating neutrophils in the bone marrow; monocytopenia and lymphopenia, especially B lymphopenia, also commonly occur. WHIM syndrome is usually caused by autosomal dominant mutations in the G protein-coupled chemokine receptor CXCR4 that impair desensitization, resulting in enhanced and prolonged G protein- and β-arrestin-dependent responses. Accordingly, CXCR4 antagonists have shown promise as mechanism-based treatments in phase 1 clinical trials. This review is based on analysis of all 105 published cases of WHIM syndrome and covers current concepts, recent advances, unresolved enigmas and controversies, and promising future research directions.
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39
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Gold MR, Reth MG. Antigen Receptor Function in the Context of the Nanoscale Organization of the B Cell Membrane. Annu Rev Immunol 2019; 37:97-123. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-042718-041704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The B cell antigen receptor (BCR) plays a central role in the self/nonself selection of B lymphocytes and in their activation by cognate antigen during the clonal selection process. It was long thought that most cell surface receptors, including the BCR, were freely diffusing and randomly distributed. Since the advent of superresolution techniques, it has become clear that the plasma membrane is compartmentalized and highly organized at the nanometer scale. Hence, a complete understanding of the precise conformation and activation mechanism of the BCR must take into account the organization of the B cell plasma membrane. We review here the recent literature on the nanoscale organization of the lymphocyte membrane and discuss how this new information influences our view of the conformational changes that the BCR undergoes during activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R. Gold
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
- Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Michael G. Reth
- BIOSS Centre for Biological Signaling Studies, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Biology III, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79108 Freiburg, Germany
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40
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Stephenson S, Care MA, Fan I, Zougman A, Westhead DR, Doody GM, Tooze RM. Growth Factor-like Gene Regulation Is Separable from Survival and Maturation in Antibody-Secreting Cells. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2019; 202:1287-1300. [PMID: 30642980 PMCID: PMC6360259 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1801407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Recurrent mutational activation of the MAP kinase pathway in plasma cell myeloma implicates growth factor-like signaling responses in the biology of Ab-secreting cells (ASCs). Physiological ASCs survive in niche microenvironments, but how niche signals are propagated and integrated is poorly understood. In this study, we dissect such a response in human ASCs using an in vitro model. Applying time course expression data and parsimonious gene correlation network analysis (PGCNA), a new approach established by our group, we map expression changes that occur during the maturation of proliferating plasmablast to quiescent plasma cell under survival conditions including the potential niche signal TGF-β3. This analysis demonstrates a convergent pattern of differentiation, linking unfolded protein response/endoplasmic reticulum stress to secretory optimization, coordinated with cell cycle exit. TGF-β3 supports ASC survival while having a limited effect on gene expression including upregulation of CXCR4. This is associated with a significant shift in response to SDF1 in ASCs with amplified ERK1/2 activation, growth factor-like immediate early gene regulation and EGR1 protein expression. Similarly, ASCs responding to survival conditions initially induce partially overlapping sets of immediate early genes without sustaining the response. Thus, in human ASCs growth factor-like gene regulation is transiently imposed by niche signals but is not sustained during subsequent survival and maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Stephenson
- Section of Experimental Haematology, Leeds Institute of Medical Research, St. James's University Hospital, University of Leeds, Leeds LS9 7TF, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew A Care
- Section of Experimental Haematology, Leeds Institute of Medical Research, St. James's University Hospital, University of Leeds, Leeds LS9 7TF, United Kingdom
- Bioinformatics Group, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Im Fan
- Haematological Malignancy Diagnostic Service, Leeds Teaching Hospitals National Health Service Trust, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds LS9 7TF, United Kingdom; and
| | - Alexandre Zougman
- Section of Biomarkers and Therapy, Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS9 7TF, United Kingdom
| | - David R Westhead
- Bioinformatics Group, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Gina M Doody
- Section of Experimental Haematology, Leeds Institute of Medical Research, St. James's University Hospital, University of Leeds, Leeds LS9 7TF, United Kingdom
| | - Reuben M Tooze
- Section of Experimental Haematology, Leeds Institute of Medical Research, St. James's University Hospital, University of Leeds, Leeds LS9 7TF, United Kingdom;
- Haematological Malignancy Diagnostic Service, Leeds Teaching Hospitals National Health Service Trust, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds LS9 7TF, United Kingdom; and
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41
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Laufer JM, Kindinger I, Artinger M, Pauli A, Legler DF. CCR7 Is Recruited to the Immunological Synapse, Acts as Co-stimulatory Molecule and Drives LFA-1 Clustering for Efficient T Cell Adhesion Through ZAP70. Front Immunol 2019; 9:3115. [PMID: 30692994 PMCID: PMC6339918 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.03115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The chemokine receptor CCR7 guides T cells and dendritic cells to and within lymph nodes to launch the onset of adaptive immunity. Here, we demonstrate that CCR7 in addition acts as a potent co-stimulatory molecule in T cell activation. We found that antigen recognition and engagement of the TCR results in CCR7 accumulation at the immunological synapse where CCR7 and the TCR co-localize within sub-synaptic vesicles. We demonstrate that CCR7 triggering alone is sufficient to recruit and activate ZAP70, a critical kinase for T cell activation, through Src kinase, whereas TCR CCR7 co-stimulation results in increased and prolonged ZAP70 kinase activity. Finally, we show that ZAP70, acting as adapter molecule, is critical for CCR7-mediated inside-out signaling to integrins, thereby modulating LFA-1 valency regulation to promote cell adhesion, a key step in immunological synapse formation and efficient T cell activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia M Laufer
- Biotechnology Institute Thurgau (BITg) at the University of Konstanz, Kreuzlingen, Switzerland.,Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Ilona Kindinger
- Biotechnology Institute Thurgau (BITg) at the University of Konstanz, Kreuzlingen, Switzerland
| | - Marc Artinger
- Biotechnology Institute Thurgau (BITg) at the University of Konstanz, Kreuzlingen, Switzerland.,Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Daniel F Legler
- Biotechnology Institute Thurgau (BITg) at the University of Konstanz, Kreuzlingen, Switzerland.,Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
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42
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Harnessing CXCL12 signaling to protect and preserve functional β-cell mass and for cell replacement in type 1 diabetes. Pharmacol Ther 2019; 193:63-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2018.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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43
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Abstract
Cysteine-X-cysteine chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) is a broadly expressed and multifunctional G protein-coupled chemokine receptor critical for organogenesis, hematopoiesis, and antimicrobial host defense. In the hematopoietic system, the binding of CXCR4 to its cognate chemokine ligand, CXCL12, mediates leukocyte trafficking, distribution, survival, activation, and proliferation. Warts, hypogammaglobulinemia, infections, and myelokathexis (WHIM) syndrome is a rare, autosomal dominant, combined immunodeficiency disorder caused by mutations in the C-terminus of CXCR4 that prevent receptor downregulation and therefore result in pathologically increased signaling. The “M” in the acronym WHIM refers to myelokathexis, the retention of neutrophils in the bone marrow resulting in neutropenia, which explains in part the increased susceptibility to bacterial infection. However, WHIM patients also present with B and T lymphopenia, which may explain the susceptibility to human papillomavirus (HPV), the cause of warts. The impact of WHIM mutations on lymphocytes and adaptive immunity has received less attention than myelokathexis and is the focus of this review.
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44
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McDermott DH, Murphy PM. WHIM syndrome: Immunopathogenesis, treatment and cure strategies. Immunol Rev 2018; 287:91-102. [DOI: 10.1111/imr.12719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- David H. McDermott
- Molecular Signaling Section; Laboratory of Molecular Immunology; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; National Institutes of Health; Bethesda Maryland
| | - Philip M. Murphy
- Molecular Signaling Section; Laboratory of Molecular Immunology; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; National Institutes of Health; Bethesda Maryland
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45
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Martín-Cófreces NB, Vicente-Manzanares M, Sánchez-Madrid F. Adhesive Interactions Delineate the Topography of the Immune Synapse. Front Cell Dev Biol 2018; 6:149. [PMID: 30425987 PMCID: PMC6218456 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2018.00149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
T cells form adhesive contacts with antigen-presenting cells (APCs) as part of the normal surveillance process that occurs in lymph nodes and other tissues. Most of these adhesive interactions are formed by integrins that interact with ligands expressed on the surface of the APC. The interactive strength of integrins depends on their degree of membrane proximity as well as intracellular signals that dictate the conformation of the integrin. Integrins appear in different conformations that endow them with different affinities for their ligand(s). Integrin conformation and thus adhesive strength between the T cell and the APC is tuned by intracellular signals that are turned on by ligation of the T cell receptor (TCR) and chemokine receptors. During the different stages of the process, integrins, the TCR and chemokine receptors may be interconnected by the actin cytoskeleton underneath the plasma membrane, forming a chemical and physical network that facilitates the spatiotemporal dynamics, positioning, and function of these receptors and supports cell-cell adhesion during T cell activation, allowing it to perform its effector function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noa Beatriz Martín-Cófreces
- Servicio de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IP), Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Vicente-Manzanares
- Centro de Investigación del Cáncer-Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, CIC-IBMCC (CSIC-Universidad de Salamanca), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Francisco Sánchez-Madrid
- Servicio de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IP), Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
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46
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Susek KH, Karvouni M, Alici E, Lundqvist A. The Role of CXC Chemokine Receptors 1-4 on Immune Cells in the Tumor Microenvironment. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2159. [PMID: 30319622 PMCID: PMC6167945 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemokines govern leukocyte migration by attracting cells that express their cognate ligands. Many cancer types show altered chemokine secretion profiles, favoring the recruitment of pro-tumorigenic immune cells and preventing the accumulation of anti-tumorigenic effector cells. This can ultimately result in cancer immune evasion. The manipulation of chemokine and chemokine-receptor signaling can reshape the immunological phenotypes within the tumor microenvironment in order to increase the therapeutic efficacy of cancer immunotherapy. Here we discuss the three chemokine-chemokine receptor axes, CXCR1/2–CXCL1-3/5-8, CXCR3–CXCL9/10/11, and CXCR4-CXCL12 and their role on pro-tumorigenic immune cells and anti-tumorigenic effector cells in solid tumors. In particular, we summarize current strategies to target these axes and discuss their potential use in treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Karvouni
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet (KI), Solna, Sweden
| | - Evren Alici
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet (KI), Solna, Sweden.,Cell Therapy Institute, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, United States
| | - Andreas Lundqvist
- Cell Therapy Institute, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, United States.,Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet (KI), Solna, Sweden
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47
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Conroy MJ, Maher SG, Melo AM, Doyle SL, Foley E, Reynolds JV, Long A, Lysaght J. Identifying a Novel Role for Fractalkine (CX3CL1) in Memory CD8 + T Cell Accumulation in the Omentum of Obesity-Associated Cancer Patients. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1867. [PMID: 30150990 PMCID: PMC6099201 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The omentum is enriched with pro-inflammatory effector memory CD8+ T cells in patients with the obesity-associated malignancy, esophagogastric adenocarcinoma (EAC) and we have identified the chemokine macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha as a key player in their active migration to this inflamed tissue. More recently, others have established that subsets of memory CD8+ T cells can be classified based on their surface expression of CX3CR1; the specific receptor for the inflammatory chemokine fractalkine. CD8+ T cells expressing intermediate levels (CX3CR1INT) are defined as peripheral memory, those expressing the highest levels (CX3CR1HI) are effector memory/terminally differentiated and those lacking CX3CR1 (CX3CR1NEG) are classified as central memory. To date, the fractalkine:CX3CR1 axis has not been examined in the context of CD8+ T cell enrichment in the omentum and here we examine this chemokines involvement in the accumulation of memory CD8+ T cells in the omentum of EAC patients. Our data show that fractalkine is significantly enriched in the omentum of EAC patients and drives migration of T cells derived from EAC patient blood. Furthermore, CX3CR1 is endocytosed specifically by CD8+ T cells upon encountering fractalkine, which is consistent with the significantly diminished frequencies of CX3CR1INT and CX3CR1HI CD8+ T cells in the fractalkine-rich environment of omentum in EAC, relative to matched blood. Fractalkine-mediated endocytosis of CX3CR1 by CD8+ T cells is sustained and is followed by enhanced surface expression of L-selectin (CD62L). These novel data align with our findings that circulating CX3CR1NEG CD8+ T cells express higher levels of L-selectin than CX3CR1INT CD8+ T cells. This is consistent with previous reports and implicates fractalkine in the conversion of CX3CR1INT CD8+ T cells to a CX3CR1NEG phenotype characterized by alterations in the migratory capacity of these T cells. For the first time, these findings identify fractalkine as a driver of T cell migration to the omentum in EAC and indicate that CD8+ T cells undergo sequenced fractalkine-mediated alterations in CX3CR1 and L-selectin expression. These data implicate fractalkine as more than a chemotactic cytokine in obesity-associated meta-inflammation and reveal a role for this chemokine in the maintenance of the CX3CR1NEG CD8+ T cell populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa J Conroy
- Department of Surgery, St. James's Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Stephen G Maher
- Department of Surgery, St. James's Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ashanty M Melo
- Department of Surgery, St. James's Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Suzanne L Doyle
- School of Biological Sciences, Dublin Institute of Technology, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Emma Foley
- Department of Surgery, St. James's Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Dublin, Ireland
| | - John V Reynolds
- Department of Surgery, St. James's Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Dublin, Ireland.,Gastro-Intestinal Medicine and Surgery, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Aideen Long
- Department of Clinical Medicine, St. James's Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Joanne Lysaght
- Department of Surgery, St. James's Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Dublin, Ireland
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48
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Dinkel BA, Kremer KN, Rollins MR, Medlyn MJ, Hedin KE. GRK2 mediates TCR-induced transactivation of CXCR4 and TCR-CXCR4 complex formation that drives PI3Kγ/PREX1 signaling and T cell cytokine secretion. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:14022-14039. [PMID: 30018141 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.003097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune system includes abundant examples of biologically-relevant cross-regulation of signaling pathways by the T cell antigen receptor (TCR) and the G protein-coupled chemokine receptor, CXCR4. TCR ligation induces transactivation of CXCR4 and TCR-CXCR4 complex formation, permitting the TCR to signal via CXCR4 to activate a phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate-dependent Rac exchanger 1 protein (PREX1)-dependent signaling pathway that drives robust cytokine secretion by T cells. To understand this receptor heterodimer and its regulation, we characterized the molecular mechanisms required for TCR-mediated TCR-CXCR4 complex formation. We found that the cytoplasmic C-terminal domain of CXCR4 and specifically phosphorylation of Ser-339 within this region were required for TCR-CXCR4 complex formation. Interestingly, siRNA-mediated depletion of G protein-coupled receptor kinase-2 (GRK2) or inhibition by the GRK2-specific inhibitor, paroxetine, inhibited TCR-induced phosphorylation of CXCR4-Ser-339 and TCR-CXCR4 complex formation. Either GRK2 siRNA or paroxetine treatment of human T cells significantly reduced T cell cytokine production. Upstream, TCR-activated tyrosine kinases caused inducible tyrosine phosphorylation of GRK2 and were required for the GRK2-dependent events of CXCR4-Ser-339 phosphorylation and TCR-CXCR4 complex formation. Downstream of TCR-CXCR4 complex formation, we found that GRK2 and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase γ (PI3Kγ) were required for TCR-stimulated membrane recruitment of PREX1 and for stabilization of cytokine mRNAs and robust cytokine secretion. Together, our results identify a novel role for GRK2 as a target of TCR signaling that is responsible for TCR-induced transactivation of CXCR4 and TCR-CXCR4 complex formation that signals via PI3Kγ/PREX1 to mediate cytokine production. Therapeutic regulation of GRK2 or PI3Kγ may therefore be useful for limiting cytokines produced by T cell malignancies or autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittney A Dinkel
- From the Mayo IMM Ph.D. Training Program, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, and.,Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905
| | - Kimberly N Kremer
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905
| | - Meagan R Rollins
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905
| | - Michael J Medlyn
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905
| | - Karen E Hedin
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905
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49
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Sterner RM, Kremer KN, Dudakovic A, Westendorf JJ, van Wijnen AJ, Hedin KE. Tissue-Nonspecific Alkaline Phosphatase Is Required for MC3T3 Osteoblast-Mediated Protection of Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells from Apoptosis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 201:1086-1096. [PMID: 29914885 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1800174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The bone marrow microenvironment harbors and protects leukemic cells from apoptosis-inducing agents via mechanisms that are incompletely understood. We previously showed SDF-1 (CXCL-12), a chemokine readily abundant within the bone marrow microenvironment, induces apoptosis in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells that express high levels of the SDF-1 receptor CXCR4. However, differentiating osteoblasts found within this niche protect cocultured AML cells from apoptosis. Additionally, this protection was abrogated upon treatment of the differentiating osteoblasts with histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi). In this study, we begin to characterize and target the molecular mechanisms that mediate this osteoblast protection. Quantitative RT-PCR revealed that HDACi treatment of differentiating osteoblasts (mouse MC3T3 osteoblast cell line) reduced expression of multiple genes required for osteoblast differentiation, including genes important for producing mineralized bone matrix. Interestingly, pretreating differentiating osteoblasts with cyclosporine A, a drug known to inhibit osteoblast differentiation, similarly impaired osteoblast-mediated protection of cocultured AML cells (KG1a and U937 human AML cell lines). Both HDACi and cyclosporine A reduced osteoblast expression of the key mineralization enzyme tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP; encoded by Alpl). Moreover, specifically reducing TNAP expression or activity in differentiating osteoblasts significantly impaired the ability of the osteoblasts to protect cocultured AML cells. Together, our results indicate that inhibiting osteoblast matrix mineralization by specifically targeting TNAP is sufficient to significantly impair osteoblast-mediated protection of AML cells. Therefore, designing combination therapies that additionally target the osteoblast-produced mineralized bone matrix may improve treatment of AML by reducing the protection of leukemic cells within the bone marrow microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalie M Sterner
- Mayo Clinic Medical Scientist Training Program, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN 55905.,Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN 55905
| | - Kimberly N Kremer
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN 55905
| | - Amel Dudakovic
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN 55905; and
| | - Jennifer J Westendorf
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN 55905; and.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN 55905
| | - Andre J van Wijnen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN 55905; and.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN 55905
| | - Karen E Hedin
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN 55905;
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Weber TS. Cell Cycle-Associated CXCR4 Expression in Germinal Center B Cells and Its Implications on Affinity Maturation. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1313. [PMID: 29951060 PMCID: PMC6008520 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Adaptation of antibody-mediated immunity occurs in germinal centers (GC). It is where affinity maturation, class switching, memory and plasma cell differentiation synergize to generate specific high-affinity antibodies that aid both to clear and protect against reinfection of invading pathogens. Within GCs, light and dark zone are two compartments instrumental in regulating this process, by segregating T cell-dependent selection and differentiation from generation of GC B cells bearing hypermutated antigen receptors. Spatial segregation of GC B cells into the two zones relies on the chemokine receptor CXCR4, with textbooks attributing high and low expression to a dark and light zone phenotype. Interestingly, this bipolarity is not reflected in the CXCR4 expression profile of GC B cells, which is highly variable and unimodal, indicating a continuum of intermediate CXCR4 levels rather than a binary dark or light zone phenotype. Here, analysis of published BrdU pulse-chase data reveals that throughout cell cycle, average CXCR4 expression in GC B cells steadily increases close to twofold, scaling with cell surface area. CXCR4 expression in recently divided GC B cells in G0/G1 or early S phase shows intermediate levels compared to cells in G2M phase, consistent with their smaller size. The lowest number of CXCR4 receptors are displayed by relatively aged GC B cells in G0/G1 or early S phase. The latter, upon progressing through S phase, however, ramp up relative CXCR4 expression twice as much as recently divided cells. Twelve hours after the BrdU pulse, labeled GC B cells, while initially in S phase, are desynchronized in terms of cell cycle and match the CXCR4 profile of unlabeled cells. A model is discussed in which CXCR4 expression in GC B cell increases with cell cycle and cell surface area, with highest levels in G2 and M phase, coinciding with GC B cell receptor signaling in G2 and immediately preceding activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) activity in early G1. In the model, GC B cells compete for CXCL12 expression on the basis of their CXCR4 expression, gaining a relative advantage as they progress in cell cycle, but loosing the advantage at the moment they divide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom S Weber
- Molecular Medicine Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute for Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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