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Joshi O, Skóra T, Yarema A, Rabbitt RD, Bidone TC. Contributions of the individual domains of α IIbβ 3 integrin to its extension: Insights from multiscale modeling. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2024; 81:393-408. [PMID: 38682753 PMCID: PMC11333186 DOI: 10.1002/cm.21865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
The platelet integrin αIIbβ3 undergoes long-range conformational transitions between bent and extended conformations to regulate platelet aggregation during hemostasis and thrombosis. However, how exactly αIIbβ3 transitions between conformations remains largely elusive. Here, we studied how transitions across bent and extended-closed conformations of αIIbβ3 integrin are regulated by effective interactions between its functional domains. We first carried out μs-long equilibrium molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of full-length αIIbβ3 integrins in bent and intermediate conformations, the latter characterized by an extended headpiece and closed legs. Then, we built heterogeneous elastic network models, perturbed inter-domain interactions, and evaluated their relative contributions to the energy barriers between conformations. Results showed that integrin extension emerges from: (i) changes in interfaces between functional domains; (ii) allosteric coupling of the head and upper leg domains with flexible lower leg domains. Collectively, these results provide new insights into integrin conformational activation based on short- and long-range interactions between its functional domains and highlight the importance of the lower legs in the regulation of integrin allostery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onkar Joshi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Scientific Computing and Imaging Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Tomasz Skóra
- Scientific Computing and Imaging Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Anna Yarema
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Richard D Rabbitt
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Tamara C Bidone
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Scientific Computing and Imaging Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Department of Molecular Pharmaceutics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
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2
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Bai X, Yang W, Zhao Y, Cao T, Lin R, Jiao P, Li H, Li H, Min J, Jia X, Zhang H, Fan W, Jia X, Bi Y, Liu W, Sun L. The extracellular cyclophilin A-integrin β2 complex as a therapeutic target of viral pneumonia. Mol Ther 2024; 32:1510-1525. [PMID: 38454605 PMCID: PMC11081868 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2024.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The acute respiratory virus infection can induce uncontrolled inflammatory responses, such as cytokine storm and viral pneumonia, which are the major causes of death in clinical cases. Cyclophilin A (CypA) is mainly distributed in the cytoplasm of resting cells and released into the extracellular space in response to inflammatory stimuli. Extracellular CypA (eCypA) is upregulated and promotes inflammatory response in severe COVID-19 patients. However, how eCypA promotes virus-induced inflammatory response remains elusive. Here, we observe that eCypA is induced by influenza A and B viruses and SARS-CoV-2 in cells, mice, or patients. Anti-CypA mAb reduces pro-inflammatory cytokines production, leukocytes infiltration, and lung injury in virus-infected mice. Mechanistically, eCypA binding to integrin β2 triggers integrin activation, thereby facilitating leukocyte trafficking and cytokines production via the focal adhesion kinase (FAK)/GTPase and FAK/ERK/P65 pathways, respectively. These functions are suppressed by the anti-CypA mAb that specifically blocks eCypA-integrin β2 interaction. Overall, our findings reveal that eCypA-integrin β2 signaling mediates virus-induced inflammatory response, indicating that eCypA is a potential target for antibody therapy against viral pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyuan Bai
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518107, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Wenxian Yang
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518107, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yuna Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources & Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases, College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Tongtong Cao
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing 100045, China
| | - Runshan Lin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Pengtao Jiao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Heqiao Li
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518107, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Huizi Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jie Min
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Jia
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - He Zhang
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518107, China
| | - Wenhui Fan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xiaojuan Jia
- The Biological Safety level-3 (BSL-3) Laboratory of Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yuhai Bi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; The Biological Safety level-3 (BSL-3) Laboratory of Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Wenjun Liu
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518107, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources & Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases, College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, China; Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lei Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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3
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Hou L, Sin YC, Chen Y, Yuki K. Integrin CD11c regulates B cell homeostasis. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1359608. [PMID: 38380335 PMCID: PMC10876775 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1359608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
CD11c is widely known as a cell surface marker for dendritic cells, but we recently showed that it regulates neutrophil and T cell functions. Because we found that CD11c knockout (KO) mice had lower blood B cell counts, we characterized B cell profile in developmental stages. We found that CD11c KO recirculating and mature B cells was significantly fewer compared with wild type, associated with exaggerated proliferation and apoptosis. Because they did not express CD11c, we sought for the possibility of CD11c-mediated non-intrinsic regulation of B cell proliferation and apoptosis. Here we hypothesized that dendritic cells, major cells expressing CD11c would regulate B cells indirectly. The proteomics of dendritic cells cultured in vitro indicated the downregulation of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF). Less MIF was also confirmed by ELISA. Furthermore, plasma MIF level was significantly lower in naïve CD11c KO mice. Because MIF regulates B cell survival, we demonstrated a novel regulatory mechanism of naïve B cells via CD11c.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifei Hou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Cardiac Anesthesia Division, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Anaesthesia and Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Yi-Cheng Sin
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Yue Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Koichi Yuki
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Cardiac Anesthesia Division, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Anaesthesia and Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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Dündar NB, Sarphie D, Yüce K, Gaygısız Ü, Kaskatı OT, Türkoğlu M, Bıkmaz GA, Karabıyık L, Çağlar K, Bozdayı G, Mian R, Moss P, İlhan MN. Assessing neutrophil-derived ROS production at the bedside: a potential prognostic tool in severe COVID-19 cases. Intensive Care Med Exp 2023; 11:69. [PMID: 37801184 PMCID: PMC10558411 DOI: 10.1186/s40635-023-00554-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE A prompt and effective immune response is required for clearance of pathogens but exaggerated states of inflammation can cause extensive collateral damage to the host. We have previously used a rapid near-patient assay that measures the functional capacity of neutrophils to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) to show that values are elevated in patients with severe COVID-19 or sepsis. Here, we assess the utility of longitudinal ROS measurements to monitor and predict mortality outcome for patients with COVID-19 infection being treated in an ICU setting. METHODS We used the Leukocyte ImmunoTest™ (LIT™) to quantify neutrophil ROS release using a small volume (10 µL) of capillary blood in a portable, rapid (10-min) format. RESULTS ROS values (LIT score) and ROS levels assessed in relation to neutrophil count (LIT/N) were both markedly elevated in the patient group. Furthermore, these correlated strongly with peripheral neutrophil count and CRP value. Serial measurement of neutrophil or CRP values were not able to reliably predict mortality within the study. In contrast, LIT and LIT/N values started to decline at 7 and 5 days, respectively, in patients who survived ICU admission and this increment increased further thereafter. CONCLUSIONS This study raises the possibility of LIT and LIT/N to be used as a predictive clinical tool for patients with severe COVID-19 and argues for its assessment to inform on prognosis, and potentially guide treatment pathways, in other disorders associated with neutrophil activation. TAKE-HOME MESSAGE A longitudinal study of 44 severe COVID-19 patients in the ICU of a leading teaching hospital has demonstrated the prognostic potential of a rapid bedside assay of neutrophil-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS). Assessment of changes in ROS production, as measured using the Leukocyte ImmunoTest™, shows that ROS production generally declined back to normal levels for patients who survived, but remained elevated for those patients who did not survive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazlıhan Boyacı Dündar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Intensive Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Kenan Yüce
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Division of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ümmügülsüm Gaygısız
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Division of Intensive Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - O Tolga Kaskatı
- Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, Lokman Hekim University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Melda Türkoğlu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Intensive Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gülbin Aygencel Bıkmaz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Intensive Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Lale Karabıyık
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Division of Intensive Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Kayhan Çağlar
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Division of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gülendam Bozdayı
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Division of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Paul Moss
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Mustafa Necmi İlhan
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
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5
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Urquiza M, Benavides-Rubio D, Jimenez-Camacho S. Structural analysis of peptide binding to integrins for cancer detection and treatment. Biophys Rev 2023; 15:699-708. [PMID: 37681100 PMCID: PMC10480133 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-023-01084-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Integrins are cell receptors involved in several metabolic pathways often associated with cell proliferation. Some of these integrins are downregulated during human physical development, but when these integrins are overexpressed in adult humans, they can be associated with several diseases, such as cancer. Molecules that specifically bind to these integrins are useful for cancer detection, diagnosis, and treatment. This review focuses on the structures of integrin-peptidic ligand complexes to dissect how the binding occurs and the molecular basis of the specificity and affinity of these peptidic ligands. Understanding these interactions at the molecular level is fundamental to be able to design new peptides that are more specific and more sensitive to a particular integrin. The integrin complexes covered in this review are α5β1, αIIbβ3, αvβ3, αvβ6, and αvβ8, because the molecular structures of the complex have been experimentally determined and their presence on tumor cancer cells are associated with a poor prognosis, making them targets for cancer detection and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio Urquiza
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Carrera 30# 45-03, Ciudad Universitaria, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Daniela Benavides-Rubio
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Carrera 30# 45-03, Ciudad Universitaria, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Silvia Jimenez-Camacho
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Carrera 30# 45-03, Ciudad Universitaria, Bogotá, Colombia
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6
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A M, Wales TE, Zhou H, Draga-Coletă SV, Gorgulla C, Blackmore KA, Mittenbühler MJ, Kim CR, Bogoslavski D, Zhang Q, Wang ZF, Jedrychowski MP, Seo HS, Song K, Xu AZ, Sebastian L, Gygi SP, Arthanari H, Dhe-Paganon S, Griffin PR, Engen JR, Spiegelman BM. Irisin acts through its integrin receptor in a two-step process involving extracellular Hsp90α. Mol Cell 2023; 83:1903-1920.e12. [PMID: 37267907 PMCID: PMC10984146 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2023.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Exercise benefits the human body in many ways. Irisin is secreted by muscle, increased with exercise, and conveys physiological benefits, including improved cognition and resistance to neurodegeneration. Irisin acts via αV integrins; however, a mechanistic understanding of how small polypeptides like irisin can signal through integrins is poorly understood. Using mass spectrometry and cryo-EM, we demonstrate that the extracellular heat shock protein 90α (eHsp90α) is secreted by muscle with exercise and activates integrin αVβ5. This allows for high-affinity irisin binding and signaling through an Hsp90α/αV/β5 complex. By including hydrogen/deuterium exchange data, we generate and experimentally validate a 2.98 Å RMSD irisin/αVβ5 complex docking model. Irisin binds very tightly to an alternative interface on αVβ5 distinct from that used by known ligands. These data elucidate a non-canonical mechanism by which a small polypeptide hormone like irisin can function through an integrin receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mu A
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 360 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Thomas E Wales
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Haixia Zhou
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, 240 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sorin-Valeriu Draga-Coletă
- Virtual Discovery, Inc. 569 Hammond Street, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467, USA; Non-Governmental Research Organization Biologic, 14 Schitului Street, Bucharest 032044, Romania
| | - Christoph Gorgulla
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 360 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, 240 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Katherine A Blackmore
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 360 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Melanie J Mittenbühler
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 360 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Caroline R Kim
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 360 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Dina Bogoslavski
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 360 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Qiuyang Zhang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 360 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Zi-Fu Wang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 360 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, 240 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Mark P Jedrychowski
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 360 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Hyuk-Soo Seo
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 360 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, 240 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kijun Song
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 360 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, 240 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Andrew Z Xu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 360 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, 240 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Luke Sebastian
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 360 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, 240 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Steven P Gygi
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Haribabu Arthanari
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 360 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, 240 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sirano Dhe-Paganon
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 360 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, 240 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Patrick R Griffin
- UF Scripps Biomedical Research, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA; Scripps Research, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - John R Engen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Bruce M Spiegelman
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 360 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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7
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Pinelo JEE, Manandhar P, Popovic G, Ray K, Tasdelen MF, Nguyen Q, Iavarone AT, Offenbacher AR, Hudson NE, Sen M. Systematic mapping of the conformational landscape and dynamism of soluble fibrinogen. J Thromb Haemost 2023; 21:1529-1543. [PMID: 36746319 PMCID: PMC10407912 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtha.2023.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fibrinogen is a soluble, multisubunit, and multidomain dimeric protein, which, upon its proteolytic cleavage by thrombin, is converted to insoluble fibrin, initiating polymerization that substantially contributes to clot growth. Fibrinogen contains numerous, transiently accessible "cryptic" epitopes for hemostatic and immunologic proteins, suggesting that fibrinogen exhibits conformational flexibility, which may play functional roles in its temporal and spatial interactions. Hitherto, there have been limited integrative approaches characterizing the solution structure and internal flexibility of fibrinogen. METHODS Here, utilizing a multipronged, biophysical approach involving 2 solution-based techniques, temperature-dependent hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass spectrometry and small angle X-ray scattering, corroborated by negative stain electron microscopy, we present a holistic, conformationally dynamic model of human fibrinogen in solution. RESULTS Our data reveal 4 major and distinct conformations of fibrinogen accommodated by a high degree of internal protein flexibility along its central scaffold. We propose that the fibrinogen structure in the solution consists of a complex, conformational landscape with multiple local minima. This is further supported by the location of numerous point mutations that are linked to dysfibrinogenemia and posttranslational modifications, residing near the identified fibrinogen flexions. CONCLUSION This work provides a molecular basis for the structural "dynamism" of fibrinogen that is expected to influence the broad swath of its functionally diverse macromolecular interactions and fine-tune the structural and mechanical properties of blood clots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose E E Pinelo
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Pragya Manandhar
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Grega Popovic
- Department of Chemistry, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
| | - Katherine Ray
- Department of Chemistry, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
| | - Mehmet F Tasdelen
- Department of Computer Science, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Quoc Nguyen
- Department of Mathematics, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Anthony T Iavarone
- QB3/Chemistry/Mass Spectrometry Facility, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Adam R Offenbacher
- Department of Chemistry, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
| | - Nathan E Hudson
- Department of Physics, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
| | - Mehmet Sen
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.
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8
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Conley HE, Sheats MK. Targeting Neutrophil β 2-Integrins: A Review of Relevant Resources, Tools, and Methods. Biomolecules 2023; 13:892. [PMID: 37371473 DOI: 10.3390/biom13060892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are important innate immune cells that respond during inflammation and infection. These migratory cells utilize β2-integrin cell surface receptors to move out of the vasculature into inflamed tissues and to perform various anti-inflammatory responses. Although critical for fighting off infection, neutrophil responses can also become dysregulated and contribute to disease pathophysiology. In order to limit neutrophil-mediated damage, investigators have focused on β2-integrins as potential therapeutic targets, but so far these strategies have failed in clinical trials. As the field continues to move forward, a better understanding of β2-integrin function and signaling will aid the design of future therapeutics. Here, we provide a detailed review of resources, tools, experimental methods, and in vivo models that have been and will continue to be utilized to investigate the vitally important cell surface receptors, neutrophil β2-integrins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haleigh E Conley
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
- Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
| | - M Katie Sheats
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
- Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
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9
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Gu Y, Dong B, He X, Qiu Z, Zhang J, Zhang M, Liu H, Pang X, Cui Y. The challenges and opportunities of αvβ3-based therapeutics in cancer: From bench to clinical trials. Pharmacol Res 2023; 189:106694. [PMID: 36775082 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Integrins are main cell adhesion receptors serving as linker attaching cells to extracellular matrix (ECM) and bidirectional hubs transmitting biochemical and mechanical signals between cells and their environment. Integrin αvβ3 is a critical family member of integrins and interacts with ECM proteins containing RGD tripeptide sequence. Accumulating evidence indicated that the abnormal expression of integrin αvβ3 was associated with various tumor progressions, including tumor initiation, sustained tumor growth, distant metastasis, drug resistance development, maintenance of stemness in cancer cells. Therefore, αvβ3 has been explored as a therapeutic target in various types of cancers, but there is no αvβ3 antagonist approved for human therapy. Targeting-integrin αvβ3 therapeutics has been a challenge, but lessons from the past are valuable to the development of innovative targeting approaches. This review systematically summarized the structure, signal transduction, regulatory role in cancer, and drug development history of integrin αvβ3, and also provided new insights into αvβ3-based therapeutics in cancer from bench to clinical trials, which would contribute to developing effective targeting αvβ3 agents for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlun Gu
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University First Hospital, Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, 100034 Beijing, China; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Peking University First Hospital, Xueyuan Road 38, Haidian District, 100191 Beijing, China; Department of Pharmacy Administration and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xueyuan Road 38, Haidian District, 100191 Beijing, China
| | - Bingqi Dong
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Xishiku street, Xicheng District, 100034 Beijing, China
| | - Xu He
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University First Hospital, Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, 100034 Beijing, China; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Peking University First Hospital, Xueyuan Road 38, Haidian District, 100191 Beijing, China
| | - Zhiwei Qiu
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University First Hospital, Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, 100034 Beijing, China; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Peking University First Hospital, Xueyuan Road 38, Haidian District, 100191 Beijing, China
| | - Juqi Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University First Hospital, Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, 100034 Beijing, China; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Peking University First Hospital, Xueyuan Road 38, Haidian District, 100191 Beijing, China
| | - Mo Zhang
- Department of traditional Chinese and Western medicine,Peking University Of First Hospital, Xishiku street 8th,Xicheng District,10034 Beijing, China
| | - Haitao Liu
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Peking University First Hospital, Xueyuan Road 38, Haidian District, 100191 Beijing, China
| | - Xiaocong Pang
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University First Hospital, Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, 100034 Beijing, China; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Peking University First Hospital, Xueyuan Road 38, Haidian District, 100191 Beijing, China.
| | - Yimin Cui
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University First Hospital, Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, 100034 Beijing, China; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Peking University First Hospital, Xueyuan Road 38, Haidian District, 100191 Beijing, China; Department of Pharmacy Administration and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xueyuan Road 38, Haidian District, 100191 Beijing, China.
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10
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Tong D, Soley N, Kolasangiani R, Schwartz MA, Bidone TC. Integrin α IIbβ 3 intermediates: From molecular dynamics to adhesion assembly. Biophys J 2023; 122:533-543. [PMID: 36566352 PMCID: PMC9941721 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2022.12.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The platelet integrin αIIbβ3 undergoes long-range conformational transitions associated with its functional conversion from inactive (low-affinity) to active (high-affinity) during hemostasis. Although new conformations that are intermediate between the well-characterized bent and extended states have been identified, their molecular dynamic properties and functions in the assembly of adhesions remain largely unexplored. In this study, we evaluated the properties of intermediate conformations of integrin αIIbβ3 and characterized their effects on the assembly of adhesions by combining all-atom simulations, principal component analysis, and mesoscale modeling. Our results show that in the low-affinity, bent conformation, the integrin ectodomain tends to pivot around the legs; in intermediate conformations, the headpiece becomes partially extended, away from the lower legs. In the fully open, active state, αIIbβ3 is flexible, and the motions between headpiece and lower legs are accompanied by fluctuations of the transmembrane helices. At the mesoscale, bent integrins form only unstable adhesions, but intermediate or open conformations stabilize the adhesions. These studies reveal a mechanism by which small variations in ligand binding affinity and enhancement of the ligand-bound lifetime in the presence of actin retrograde flow stabilize αIIbβ3 integrin adhesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dudu Tong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah; Scientific Computing and Imaging Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Nidhi Soley
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah; Scientific Computing and Imaging Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Reza Kolasangiani
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah; Scientific Computing and Imaging Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Martin A Schwartz
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine (Cardiology), Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut; Department of Cell Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut; Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Tamara C Bidone
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah; Scientific Computing and Imaging Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah; Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah; Department of Molecular Pharmaceutics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah.
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11
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Pang X, He X, Qiu Z, Zhang H, Xie R, Liu Z, Gu Y, Zhao N, Xiang Q, Cui Y. Targeting integrin pathways: mechanisms and advances in therapy. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:1. [PMID: 36588107 PMCID: PMC9805914 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01259-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 146.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Integrins are considered the main cell-adhesion transmembrane receptors that play multifaceted roles as extracellular matrix (ECM)-cytoskeletal linkers and transducers in biochemical and mechanical signals between cells and their environment in a wide range of states in health and diseases. Integrin functions are dependable on a delicate balance between active and inactive status via multiple mechanisms, including protein-protein interactions, conformational changes, and trafficking. Due to their exposure on the cell surface and sensitivity to the molecular blockade, integrins have been investigated as pharmacological targets for nearly 40 years, but given the complexity of integrins and sometimes opposite characteristics, targeting integrin therapeutics has been a challenge. To date, only seven drugs targeting integrins have been successfully marketed, including abciximab, eptifibatide, tirofiban, natalizumab, vedolizumab, lifitegrast, and carotegrast. Currently, there are approximately 90 kinds of integrin-based therapeutic drugs or imaging agents in clinical studies, including small molecules, antibodies, synthetic mimic peptides, antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy, imaging agents, etc. A serious lesson from past integrin drug discovery and research efforts is that successes rely on both a deep understanding of integrin-regulatory mechanisms and unmet clinical needs. Herein, we provide a systematic and complete review of all integrin family members and integrin-mediated downstream signal transduction to highlight ongoing efforts to develop new therapies/diagnoses from bench to clinic. In addition, we further discuss the trend of drug development, how to improve the success rate of clinical trials targeting integrin therapies, and the key points for clinical research, basic research, and translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaocong Pang
- grid.411472.50000 0004 1764 1621Department of Pharmacy, Peking University First Hospital, Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, 100034 Beijing, China ,grid.411472.50000 0004 1764 1621Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Peking University First Hospital, Xueyuan Road 38, Haidian District, 100191 Beijing, China
| | - Xu He
- grid.411472.50000 0004 1764 1621Department of Pharmacy, Peking University First Hospital, Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, 100034 Beijing, China ,grid.411472.50000 0004 1764 1621Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Peking University First Hospital, Xueyuan Road 38, Haidian District, 100191 Beijing, China
| | - Zhiwei Qiu
- grid.411472.50000 0004 1764 1621Department of Pharmacy, Peking University First Hospital, Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, 100034 Beijing, China ,grid.411472.50000 0004 1764 1621Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Peking University First Hospital, Xueyuan Road 38, Haidian District, 100191 Beijing, China
| | - Hanxu Zhang
- grid.411472.50000 0004 1764 1621Department of Pharmacy, Peking University First Hospital, Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, 100034 Beijing, China ,grid.411472.50000 0004 1764 1621Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Peking University First Hospital, Xueyuan Road 38, Haidian District, 100191 Beijing, China
| | - Ran Xie
- grid.411472.50000 0004 1764 1621Department of Pharmacy, Peking University First Hospital, Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, 100034 Beijing, China ,grid.411472.50000 0004 1764 1621Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Peking University First Hospital, Xueyuan Road 38, Haidian District, 100191 Beijing, China
| | - Zhiyan Liu
- grid.411472.50000 0004 1764 1621Department of Pharmacy, Peking University First Hospital, Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, 100034 Beijing, China ,grid.411472.50000 0004 1764 1621Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Peking University First Hospital, Xueyuan Road 38, Haidian District, 100191 Beijing, China
| | - Yanlun Gu
- grid.411472.50000 0004 1764 1621Department of Pharmacy, Peking University First Hospital, Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, 100034 Beijing, China ,grid.411472.50000 0004 1764 1621Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Peking University First Hospital, Xueyuan Road 38, Haidian District, 100191 Beijing, China
| | - Nan Zhao
- grid.411472.50000 0004 1764 1621Department of Pharmacy, Peking University First Hospital, Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, 100034 Beijing, China ,grid.411472.50000 0004 1764 1621Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Peking University First Hospital, Xueyuan Road 38, Haidian District, 100191 Beijing, China
| | - Qian Xiang
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University First Hospital, Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, 100034, Beijing, China. .,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Peking University First Hospital, Xueyuan Road 38, Haidian District, 100191, Beijing, China.
| | - Yimin Cui
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University First Hospital, Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, 100034, Beijing, China. .,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Peking University First Hospital, Xueyuan Road 38, Haidian District, 100191, Beijing, China.
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12
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Neidemire-Colley L, Robert J, Ackaoui A, Dorrance AM, Guimond M, Ranganathan P. Role of endothelial cells in graft-versus-host disease. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1033490. [PMID: 36505438 PMCID: PMC9727380 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1033490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
To date, the only curative treatment for high-risk or refractory hematologic malignancies non-responsive to standard chemotherapy is allogeneic hematopoietic transplantation (allo-HCT). Acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is a donor T cell-mediated immunological disorder that is frequently fatal and the leading cause of non-relapse mortality (NRM) in patients post allo-HCT. The pathogenesis of acute GVHD involves recognition of minor and/or major HLA mismatched host antigens by donor T cells followed by expansion, migration and finally end-organ damage due to combination of inflammatory cytokine secretion and direct cytotoxic effects. The endothelium is a thin layer of endothelial cells (EC) that line the innermost portion of the blood vessels and a key regulator in vascular homeostasis and inflammatory responses. Endothelial cells are activated by a wide range of inflammatory mediators including bacterial products, contents released from dying/apoptotic cells and cytokines and respond by secreting cytokines/chemokines that facilitate the recruitment of innate and adaptive immune cells to the site of inflammation. Endothelial cells can also be damaged prior to transplant as well as by alloreactive donor T cells. Prolonged EC activation results in dysfunction that plays a role in multiple post-transplant complications including but not limited to veno-occlusive disease (VOD), transplant associated thrombotic microangiopathy (TA-TMA), and idiopathic pneumonia syndrome. In this mini review, we summarize the biology of endothelial cells, factors regulating EC activation and the role of ECs in inflammation and GVHD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lotus Neidemire-Colley
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States,Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Jérémy Robert
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Antoine Ackaoui
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Adrienne M. Dorrance
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States,Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Martin Guimond
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada,Collège Bois de Boulogne, Montréal, QC, Canada,Centre de recherche de l’Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Parvathi Ranganathan
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States,Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States,*Correspondence: Parvathi Ranganathan,
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13
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Integrin Conformational Dynamics and Mechanotransduction. Cells 2022; 11:cells11223584. [PMID: 36429013 PMCID: PMC9688440 DOI: 10.3390/cells11223584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The function of the integrin family of receptors as central mediators of cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) and cell-cell adhesion requires a remarkable convergence of interactions and influences. Integrins must be anchored to the cytoskeleton and bound to extracellular ligands in order to provide firm adhesion, with force transmission across this linkage conferring tissue integrity. Integrin affinity to ligands is highly regulated by cell signaling pathways, altering affinity constants by 1000-fold or more, via a series of long-range conformational transitions. In this review, we first summarize basic, well-known features of integrin conformational states and then focus on new information concerning the impact of mechanical forces on these states and interstate transitions. We also discuss how these effects may impact mechansensitive cell functions and identify unanswered questions for future studies.
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14
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Bhattacharjya S. The structural basis of β2 integrin intra-cellular multi-protein complexes. Biophys Rev 2022; 14:1183-1195. [PMID: 36345283 PMCID: PMC9636337 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-022-00995-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
In multicellular organisms, cell adhesion is a pivotal physiological process which is essential for cell-cell communications, cell migration, and interactions with extracellular matrix. Integrins, a family of large hetero-dimeric type I membrane proteins, are known for driving cell adhesion functions. Among 24 different integrins, four β2 integrins, αL β2, αM β2, αX β2 and αD β2, are specific for cell adhesion and migration of leukocytes. Many cytosolic proteins interact with short cytosolic tails (CTs) of β2 and other integrins which are essential in bi-directional signaling processes. Further, phosphorylation of CTs of integrins regulates binding of intra-cellular proteins and signaling systems. In this review, recent advances in structures and interactions of multi-protein complexes of integrin tails, with a focus on β2 integrin, and cytosolic proteins are discussed along with a proposed future direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surajit Bhattacharjya
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637551 Singapore
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15
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Goldsmith JA, DiVenere AM, Maynard JA, McLellan JS. Structural basis for non-canonical integrin engagement by Bordetella adenylate cyclase toxin. Cell Rep 2022; 40:111196. [PMID: 35977491 PMCID: PMC9416875 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrins are ubiquitous cell-surface heterodimers that are exploited by pathogens and toxins, including leukotoxins that target β2 integrins on phagocytes. The Bordetella adenylate cyclase toxin (ACT) uses the αMβ2 integrin as a receptor, but the structural basis for integrin binding and neutralization by antibodies is poorly understood. Here, we use cryoelectron microscopy to determine a 2.7 Å resolution structure of an ACT fragment bound to αMβ2. This structure reveals that ACT interacts with the headpiece and calf-2 of the αM subunit in a non-canonical manner specific to bent, inactive αMβ2. Neutralizing antibody epitopes map to ACT residues involved in αM binding, providing the basis for antibody-mediated attachment inhibition. Furthermore, binding to αMβ2 positions the essential ACT acylation sites, which are conserved among toxins exported by type I secretion systems, at the cell membrane. These findings reveal a structural mechanism for integrin-mediated attachment and explain antibody-mediated neutralization of ACT intoxication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jory A Goldsmith
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Andrea M DiVenere
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Jennifer A Maynard
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
| | - Jason S McLellan
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
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16
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Blockade of the Adenylate Cyclase Toxin Synergizes with Opsonizing Antibodies to Protect Mice against Bordetella pertussis. mBio 2022; 13:e0152722. [PMID: 35920558 PMCID: PMC9426472 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01527-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Bordetella produces an array of virulence factors, including the adenylate cyclase toxin (ACT), which is essential, immunogenic in humans, and highly conserved. Despite mediating immune-evasive functions as a leukotoxin, ACT’s potential role as a protective antigen is unclear. To better understand the contributions of humoral anti-ACT immunity, we evaluated protection against Bordetella pertussis by antibodies binding structurally defined ACT epitopes in a mouse pneumonia model. An ACT-neutralizing antibody, but not a nonneutralizing antibody or an isotype control, significantly increased mouse survival after lethal challenge with B. pertussis. When modified to impair Fc effector functions, the neutralizing antibody retained protective capabilities, indicating that protection was mediated by the blockade of the interactions of ACT with its αMβ2 integrin receptor. After infection with a lower bacterial dose, ACT neutralization synergistically reduced lung bacterial colonization levels when combined with an opsonic antibody binding the surface antigen pertactin. Notably, protection was significantly enhanced when antibodies were administered intranasally as opposed to systemically, indicating that local immune responses are key to antibody-mediated protection against ACT and pertactin. These data reconcile previous conflicting reports to indicate that neutralizing anti-ACT antibodies support the phagocytosis of opsonized B. pertussis and thereby contribute to pertussis protection in vivo.
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17
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Villanueva V, Li X, Jimenez V, Faridi HM, Gupta V. CD11b agonists offer a novel approach for treating lupus nephritis. Transl Res 2022; 245:41-54. [PMID: 35288363 PMCID: PMC9167730 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2022.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Lupus nephritis (LN) develops in more than a third of all systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients and is the strongest predictor of morbidity and mortality. Increased circulating levels of type I interferon (IFN I) and anti-double stranded DNA (anti-dsDNA) and anti-RNA binding protein (anti-RNP) antibodies lead to increased glomerular injury via leukocyte activation and glomerular infiltration. Uncontrolled Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling in leukocytes results in increased production of IFN I and anti-dsDNA antibodies. ITGAM gene codes for integrin CD11b, the α-chain of integrin heterodimer CD11b/CD18, that is highly expressed in leukocytes and modulates TLR-dependent pro-inflammatory signaling. Three nonsynonymous SNPs in the ITGAM gene strongly correlate with increased risk for SLE and LN and with IFN I levels. Here we review the literature on the role of CD11b on leukocytes in LN. We also incorporate conclusions from several recent studies that show that these ITGAM SNPs result in a CD11b protein that is less able to suppress TLR-dependent pro-inflammatory pathways in leukocytes, that activation of CD11b via novel small molecule agonists suppresses TLR-dependent pathways, including reductions in circulating levels of IFN I and anti-dsDNA antibodies, and that CD11b activation reduces LN in model systems. Recent data strongly suggest that integrin CD11b is an exciting new therapeutic target in SLE and LN and that allosteric activation of CD11b is a novel therapeutic paradigm for effectively treating such autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Villanueva
- Drug Discovery Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Xiaobo Li
- Drug Discovery Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Viviana Jimenez
- Drug Discovery Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Hafeez M Faridi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Chicago State University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Vineet Gupta
- Drug Discovery Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois.
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18
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Integrin Regulators in Neutrophils. Cells 2022; 11:cells11132025. [PMID: 35805108 PMCID: PMC9266208 DOI: 10.3390/cells11132025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are the most abundant leukocytes in humans and are critical for innate immunity and inflammation. Integrins are critical for neutrophil functions, especially for their recruitment to sites of inflammation or infections. Integrin conformational changes during activation have been heavily investigated but are still not fully understood. Many regulators, such as talin, Rap1-interacting adaptor molecule (RIAM), Rap1, and kindlin, are critical for integrin activation and might be potential targets for integrin-regulating drugs in treating inflammatory diseases. In this review, we outline integrin activation regulators in neutrophils with a focus on the above critical regulators, as well as newly discovered modulators that are involved in integrin activation.
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19
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LFA1 Activation: Insights from a Single-Molecule Approach. Cells 2022; 11:cells11111751. [PMID: 35681446 PMCID: PMC9179313 DOI: 10.3390/cells11111751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Integrin LFA1 is a cell adhesion receptor expressed exclusively in leukocytes, and plays crucial roles in lymphocyte trafficking, antigen recognition, and effector functions. Since the discovery that the adhesiveness of LFA1 can be dynamically changed upon stimulation, one challenge has been understanding how integrins are regulated by inside-out signaling coupled with macromolecular conformational changes, as well as ligand bindings that transduce signals from the extracellular domain to the cytoplasm in outside-in signaling. The small GTPase Rap1 and integrin adaptor proteins talin1 and kindlin-3 have been recognized as critical molecules for integrin activation. However, their cooperative regulation of integrin adhesiveness in lymphocytes requires further research. Recent advances in single-molecule imaging techniques have revealed dynamic molecular processes in real-time and provided insight into integrin activation in cellular environments. This review summarizes integrin regulation and discusses new findings regarding the bidirectionality of LFA1 activation and signaling processes in lymphocytes.
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20
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Krenn PW, Montanez E, Costell M, Fässler R. Integrins, anchors and signal transducers of hematopoietic stem cells during development and in adulthood. Curr Top Dev Biol 2022; 149:203-261. [PMID: 35606057 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2022.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), the apex of the hierarchically organized blood cell production system, are generated in the yolk sac, aorta-gonad-mesonephros region and placenta of the developing embryo. To maintain life-long hematopoiesis, HSCs emigrate from their site of origin and seed in distinct microenvironments, called niches, of fetal liver and bone marrow where they receive supportive signals for self-renewal, expansion and production of hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs), which in turn orchestrate the production of the hematopoietic effector cells. The interactions of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) with niche components are to a large part mediated by the integrin superfamily of adhesion molecules. Here, we summarize the current knowledge regarding the functional properties of integrins and their activators, Talin-1 and Kindlin-3, for HSPC generation, function and fate decisions during development and in adulthood. In addition, we discuss integrin-mediated mechanosensing for HSC-niche interactions, ex vivo protocols aimed at expanding HSCs for therapeutic use, and recent approaches targeting the integrin-mediated adhesion in leukemia-inducing HSCs in their protecting, malignant niches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter W Krenn
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany; Department of Biosciences and Medical Biology, Cancer Cluster Salzburg, Paris-Lodron University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria.
| | - Eloi Montanez
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona and Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mercedes Costell
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain; Institut Universitari de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina, Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain
| | - Reinhard Fässler
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
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21
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Cathepsin X Activity Does Not Affect NK-Target Cell Synapse but Is Rather Distributed to Cytotoxic Granules. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413495. [PMID: 34948293 PMCID: PMC8707301 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cathepsin X is a lysosomal peptidase that is involved in tumour progression and represents a potential target for therapeutic interventions. In addition, it regulates important functions of immune cells and is implicated in the modulation of tumour cell–immune cell crosstalk. Selective cathepsin X inhibitors have been proposed as prospective antitumour agents to prevent cancer progression; however, their impact on the antitumour immune response has been overlooked. Previous studies indicate that the migration and adhesion of T cells and dendritic cells are affected by diminished cathepsin X activity. Meanwhile, the influence of cathepsin X inhibition on natural killer (NK) cell function has not yet been explored. Here, we examined the localization patterns of cathepsin X and the role of its inhibitors on the cytotoxicity of cell line NK-92, which is used for adoptive cellular immunotherapy in cancer patients. NK-92 cells depend on lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1 (LFA-1) to form stable immunoconjugates with target cells, providing, in this way, optimal cytotoxicity. Since LFA-1 is a substrate for cathepsin X activity in other types of cells, we hypothesized that cathepsin X could disturb the formation of NK-92 immunoconjugates. Thus, we employed cathepsin X reversible and irreversible inhibitors and evaluated their effects on the NK-92 cell interactions with target cells and on the NK-92 cell cytotoxicity. We show that cathepsin X inhibition does not impair stable conjugate formation or the lytic activity of NK-92 cells. Similarly, the conjugate formation between Jurkat T cells and target cells was not affected by cathepsin X activity. Unlike in previous migration and adhesion studies on T cells, in NK-92 cells cathepsin X was not co-localized with LFA-1 at the plasma membrane but was, rather, redistributed to the cytotoxic granules and secreted during degranulation.
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22
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Wang Z, Zhu J. Structural determinants of the integrin transmembrane domain required for bidirectional signal transmission across the cell membrane. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:101318. [PMID: 34678312 PMCID: PMC8569584 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Studying the tight activity regulation of platelet-specific integrin αIIbβ3 is foundational and paramount to our understanding of integrin structure and activation. αIIbβ3 is essential for the aggregation and adhesion function of platelets in hemostasis and thrombosis. Structural and mutagenesis studies have previously revealed the critical role of αIIbβ3 transmembrane (TM) association in maintaining the inactive state. Gain-of-function TM mutations were identified and shown to destabilize the TM association leading to integrin activation. Studies using isolated TM peptides have suggested an altered membrane embedding of the β3 TM α-helix coupled with αIIbβ3 activation. However, controversies remain as to whether and how the TM α-helices change their topologies in the context of full-length integrin in native cell membrane. In this study, we utilized proline scanning mutagenesis and cysteine scanning accessibility assays to analyze the structure and function correlation of the αIIbβ3 TM domain. Our identification of loss-of-function proline mutations in the TM domain suggests the requirement of a continuous TM α-helical structure in transmitting activation signals bidirectionally across the cell membrane, characterized by the inside-out activation for ligand binding and the outside-in signaling for cell spreading. Similar results were found for αLβ2 and α5β1 TM domains, suggesting a generalizable mechanism. We also detected a topology change of β3 TM α-helix within the cell membrane, but only under conditions of cell adhesion and the absence of αIIb association. Our data demonstrate the importance of studying the structure and function of the integrin TM domain in the native cell membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengli Wang
- Blood Research Institute, Versiti, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Jieqing Zhu
- Blood Research Institute, Versiti, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA.
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23
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Liu W, Hsu AY, Wang Y, Lin T, Sun H, Pachter JS, Groisman A, Imperioli M, Yungher FW, Hu L, Wang P, Deng Q, Fan Z. Mitofusin-2 regulates leukocyte adhesion and β2 integrin activation. J Leukoc Biol 2021; 111:771-791. [PMID: 34494308 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.1a0720-471r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are critical for inflammation and innate immunity, and their adhesion to vascular endothelium is a crucial step in neutrophil recruitment. Mitofusin-2 (MFN2) is required for neutrophil adhesion, but molecular details are unclear. Here, we demonstrated that β2 -integrin-mediated slow-rolling and arrest, but not PSGL-1-mediated cell rolling, are defective in MFN2-deficient neutrophil-like HL60 cells. This adhesion defect is associated with reduced expression of fMLP (N-formylmethionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine) receptor FPR1 as well as the inhibited β2 integrin activation, as assessed by conformation-specific monoclonal antibodies. MFN2 deficiency also leads to decreased actin polymerization, which is important for β2 integrin activation. Mn2+ -induced cell spreading is also inhibited after MFN2 knockdown. MFN2 deficiency limited the maturation of β2 integrin activation during the neutrophil-directed differentiation of HL60 cells, which is indicated by CD35 and CD87 markers. MFN2 knockdown in β2-integrin activation-matured cells (CD87high population) also inhibits integrin activation, indicating that MFN2 directly affects β2 integrin activation. Our study illustrates the function of MFN2 in leukocyte adhesion and may provide new insights into the development and treatment of MFN2 deficiency-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Alan Y Hsu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Yueyang Wang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Tao Lin
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Hao Sun
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Joel S Pachter
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Alex Groisman
- Department of Physics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | | | | | - Liang Hu
- Cardiovascular Institute of Zhengzhou University, Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Penghua Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Qing Deng
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA.,Purdue Institute for Inflammation, Immunology, & Infectious Disease, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA.,Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Zhichao Fan
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
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24
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Bonus M, Häussinger D, Gohlke H. Liver cell hydration and integrin signaling. Biol Chem 2021; 402:1033-1045. [PMID: 33915604 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2021-0193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Liver cell hydration (cell volume) is dynamic and can change within minutes under the influence of hormones, nutrients, and oxidative stress. Such volume changes were identified as a novel and important modulator of cell function. It provides an early example for the interaction between a physical parameter (cell volume) on the one hand and metabolism, transport, and gene expression on the other. Such events involve mechanotransduction (osmosensing) which triggers signaling cascades towards liver function (osmosignaling). This article reviews our own work on this topic with emphasis on the role of β1 integrins as (osmo-)mechanosensors in the liver, but also on their role in bile acid signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Bonus
- Institute for Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Dieter Häussinger
- Clinic for Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Infectious Diseases, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Holger Gohlke
- Institute for Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
- John von Neumann Institute for Computing (NIC), Jülich Supercomputing Centre (JSC), Wilhelm-Johnen-Str., D-52428 Jülich, Germany
- Institute of Biological Information Processing (IBI-7: Structural Biochemistry), and Institute of Bio- and Geosciences (IBG-4: Bioinformatics), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Wilhelm-Johnen-Str., D-52428 Jülich, Germany
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25
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Arimori T, Miyazaki N, Mihara E, Takizawa M, Taniguchi Y, Cabañas C, Sekiguchi K, Takagi J. Structural mechanism of laminin recognition by integrin. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4012. [PMID: 34188035 PMCID: PMC8241838 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24184-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Recognition of laminin by integrin receptors is central to the epithelial cell adhesion to basement membrane, but the structural background of this molecular interaction remained elusive. Here, we report the structures of the prototypic laminin receptor α6β1 integrin alone and in complex with three-chain laminin-511 fragment determined via crystallography and cryo-electron microscopy, respectively. The laminin-integrin interface is made up of several binding sites located on all five subunits, with the laminin γ1 chain C-terminal portion providing focal interaction using two carboxylate anchor points to bridge metal-ion dependent adhesion site of integrin β1 subunit and Asn189 of integrin α6 subunit. Laminin α5 chain also contributes to the affinity and specificity by making electrostatic interactions with large surface on the β-propeller domain of α6, part of which comprises an alternatively spliced X1 region. The propeller sheet corresponding to this region shows unusually high mobility, suggesting its unique role in ligand capture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takao Arimori
- grid.136593.b0000 0004 0373 3971Laboratory for Protein Synthesis and Expression, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka Japan
| | - Naoyuki Miyazaki
- grid.136593.b0000 0004 0373 3971Laboratory for Protein Synthesis and Expression, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka Japan ,grid.20515.330000 0001 2369 4728Life Science Center for Survival Dynamics, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Emiko Mihara
- grid.136593.b0000 0004 0373 3971Laboratory for Protein Synthesis and Expression, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka Japan
| | - Mamoru Takizawa
- grid.136593.b0000 0004 0373 3971Division of Matrixome Research and Application, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka Japan
| | - Yukimasa Taniguchi
- grid.136593.b0000 0004 0373 3971Division of Matrixome Research and Application, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka Japan
| | - Carlos Cabañas
- grid.465524.4Cell-cell Communication & Inflammation Unit, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain ,grid.4795.f0000 0001 2157 7667Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and Otorhinolaryngology (IOO), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain ,grid.144756.50000 0001 1945 5329Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 Octubre (i+12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Kiyotoshi Sekiguchi
- grid.136593.b0000 0004 0373 3971Division of Matrixome Research and Application, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka Japan
| | - Junichi Takagi
- grid.136593.b0000 0004 0373 3971Laboratory for Protein Synthesis and Expression, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka Japan
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26
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Erdei A, Kovács KG, Nagy-Baló Z, Lukácsi S, Mácsik-Valent B, Kurucz I, Bajtay Z. New aspects in the regulation of human B cell functions by complement receptors CR1, CR2, CR3 and CR4. Immunol Lett 2021; 237:42-57. [PMID: 34186155 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2021.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The involvement of complement in the regulation of antibody responses has been known for long. By now several additional B cell functions - including cytokine production and antigen presentation - have also been shown to be regulated by complement proteins. Most of these important activities are mediated by receptors interacting with activation fragments of the central component of the complement system C3, such as C3b, iC3b and C3d, which are covalently attached to antigens and immune complexes. This review summarizes the role of complement receptors interacting with these ligands, namely CR1 (CD35), CR2 (CD21), CR3 (CD11b/CD18) and CR4 (CD11c/CD18) expressed by B cells in health and disease. Although we focus on human B lymphocytes, we also aim to call the attention to important differences between human and mouse systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Erdei
- Department of Immunology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary; MTA-ELTE Immunology Research Group, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Kristóf G Kovács
- Department of Immunology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsa Nagy-Baló
- MTA-ELTE Immunology Research Group, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Szilvia Lukácsi
- MTA-ELTE Immunology Research Group, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - István Kurucz
- MTA-ELTE Immunology Research Group, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsa Bajtay
- Department of Immunology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary; MTA-ELTE Immunology Research Group, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
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27
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Freeman S, Grinstein S. Promoters and Antagonists of Phagocytosis: A Plastic and Tunable Response. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 2021; 37:89-114. [PMID: 34152790 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-cellbio-120219-055903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Recent observations indicate that, rather than being an all-or-none response, phagocytosis is finely tuned by a host of developmental and environmental factors. The expression of key phagocytic determinants is regulated via transcriptional and epigenetic means that confer memory on the process. Membrane traffic, the cytoskeleton, and inside-out signaling control the activation of phagocytic receptors and their ability to access their targets. An exquisite extra layer of complexity is introduced by the coexistence of distinct "eat-me" and "don't-eat-me" signals on targets and of corresponding "eat" and "don't-eat" receptors on the phagocyte surface. Moreover, assorted physical barriers constitute "don't-come-close-to-me" hurdles that obstruct the engagement of ligands by receptors. The expression, mobility, and accessibility of all these determinants can be modulated, conferring extreme plasticity on phagocytosis and providing attractive targets for therapeutic intervention in cancer, atherosclerosis, and dementia. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology, Volume 37 is October 2021. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spencer Freeman
- Program in Cell Biology, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G0A4, Canada; , .,Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Sergio Grinstein
- Program in Cell Biology, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G0A4, Canada; , .,Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
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28
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Zhang M, Chen S, Hu J, Ding Q, Li L, Lü S, Long M. Mapping the morphological identifiers of distinct conformations via the protein translocation current in nanopores. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:6053-6065. [PMID: 33683247 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr07413f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Conformational changes of proteins play a vital role in implementing their functions and revealing the underlying mechanisms in various biological processes. It is still challenging to monitor protein conformations with temporal fingerprints of current-resistance pulses in the nanopore technique. Here the low-resolution morphologies of different conformations of a typical integrin, αxβ2, were estimated via relative blockade currents simulated from all-atom molecular dynamics (MD). Distinct conformational states of αxβ2 were directly explained by the volume and shape identifiers. Protein modulation in ionic current was analyzed from the conductivity distribution inside the protein-blocked nanopore. Combining a discrete model with spheroidal approximation, a MD-based approach was developed to theoretically predict the volume and shape of the nanopore for sensing αxβ2. This method was also applicable in specifying morphological identifiers of six other proteins, and the theoretical predictions are in good agreement with the experimental measurements. These results potentiated the validity of this method for the conformational identification of proteins in nanopores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingkun Zhang
- Center of Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Microgravity (National Microgravity Laboratory), Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology, and CAS Center for Excellence in Complex System Mechanics, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.
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29
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Shannon MJ, Mace EM. Natural Killer Cell Integrins and Their Functions in Tissue Residency. Front Immunol 2021; 12:647358. [PMID: 33777044 PMCID: PMC7987804 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.647358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrins are transmembrane receptors associated with adhesion and migration and are often highly differentially expressed receptors amongst natural killer cell subsets in microenvironments. Tissue resident natural killer cells are frequently defined by their differential integrin expression compared to other NK cell subsets, and integrins can further localize tissue resident NK cells to tissue microenvironments. As such, integrins play important roles in both the phenotypic and functional identity of NK cell subsets. Here we review the expression of integrin subtypes on NK cells and NK cell subsets with the goal of better understanding how integrin selection can dictate tissue residency and mediate function from the nanoscale to the tissue environment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emily M. Mace
- Department of Pediatrics, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
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30
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Bouti P, Webbers SDS, Fagerholm SC, Alon R, Moser M, Matlung HL, Kuijpers TW. β2 Integrin Signaling Cascade in Neutrophils: More Than a Single Function. Front Immunol 2021; 11:619925. [PMID: 33679708 PMCID: PMC7930317 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.619925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are the most prevalent leukocytes in the human body. They have a pivotal role in the innate immune response against invading bacterial and fungal pathogens, while recent emerging evidence also demonstrates their role in cancer progression and anti-tumor responses. The efficient execution of many neutrophil effector responses requires the presence of β2 integrins, in particular CD11a/CD18 or CD11b/CD18 heterodimers. Although extensively studied at the molecular level, the exact signaling cascades downstream of β2 integrins still remain to be fully elucidated. In this review, we focus mainly on inside-out and outside-in signaling of these two β2 integrin members expressed on neutrophils and describe differences between various neutrophil stimuli with respect to integrin activation, integrin ligand binding, and the pertinent differences between mouse and human studies. Last, we discuss how integrin signaling studies could be used to explore the therapeutic potential of targeting β2 integrins and the intracellular signaling cascade in neutrophils in several, among other, inflammatory conditions in which neutrophil activity should be dampened to mitigate disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiota Bouti
- Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Department of Blood Cell Research, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Steven D S Webbers
- Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Department of Blood Cell Research, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Pediatric Immunology, Rheumatology and Infectious Disease, Amsterdam University Medical Center (AUMC), Emma Children's Hospital, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Susanna C Fagerholm
- Research Program of Molecular and Integrative Biosciences, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ronen Alon
- Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Markus Moser
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Hanke L Matlung
- Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Department of Blood Cell Research, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Taco W Kuijpers
- Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Department of Blood Cell Research, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Pediatric Immunology, Rheumatology and Infectious Disease, Amsterdam University Medical Center (AUMC), Emma Children's Hospital, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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31
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Vandendriessche S, Cambier S, Proost P, Marques PE. Complement Receptors and Their Role in Leukocyte Recruitment and Phagocytosis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:624025. [PMID: 33644062 PMCID: PMC7905230 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.624025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The complement system is deeply embedded in our physiology and immunity. Complement activation generates a multitude of molecules that converge simultaneously on the opsonization of a target for phagocytosis and activation of the immune system via soluble anaphylatoxins. This response is used to control microorganisms and to remove dead cells, but also plays a major role in stimulating the adaptive immune response and the regeneration of injured tissues. Many of these effects inherently depend on complement receptors expressed on leukocytes and parenchymal cells, which, by recognizing complement-derived molecules, promote leukocyte recruitment, phagocytosis of microorganisms and clearance of immune complexes. Here, the plethora of information on the role of complement receptors will be reviewed, including an analysis of how this functionally and structurally diverse group of molecules acts jointly to exert the full extent of complement regulation of homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofie Vandendriessche
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Seppe Cambier
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Paul Proost
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Pedro E Marques
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Leuven, Belgium
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32
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Wen L, Marki A, Roy P, McArdle S, Sun H, Fan Z, Gingras AR, Ginsberg MH, Ley K. Kindlin-3 recruitment to the plasma membrane precedes high-affinity β2-integrin and neutrophil arrest from rolling. Blood 2021; 137:29-38. [PMID: 32777822 PMCID: PMC7808012 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2019003446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrin-mediated neutrophil adhesion starts by arrest from rolling. Activation of integrins involves conformational changes from an inactive, bent conformation to an extended conformation (E+) with high affinity for ligand binding (H+). The cytoplasmic protein kindlin-3 is necessary for leukocyte adhesion; mutations of kindlin-3 cause leukocyte adhesion deficiency type 3. Kindlin-3 binds the β2-integrin cytoplasmic tail at a site distinct from talin-1, but the molecular mechanism by which kindlin-3 activates β2-integrins is unknown. In this study, we measured the spatiotemporal dynamics of kindlin-3 and β2-integrin conformation changes during neutrophil and HL-60 cell rolling and arrest under flow. Using high-resolution quantitative dynamic footprinting microscopy and kindlin-3-fluorescent protein (FP) fusion proteins, we found that kindlin-3 was recruited to the plasma membrane in response to interleukin-8 (IL-8) before induction of the H+ β2-integrin conformation. Intravital imaging revealed that EGFP-kindlin-3-reconstituted, kindlin-3-knockout neutrophils arrest in vivo in response to CXCL1. EGFP-kindlin-3 in primary mouse neutrophils was also recruited to the plasma membrane before arrest. Upon arrest, we found small clusters of high-affinity β2-integrin molecules within large areas of membrane-proximal kindlin-3 FP. Deletion of kindlin-3 or its pleckstrin homology (PH) domain in neutrophil-like HL-60 cells completely abolished H+ β2-integrin induction. IL-8 also triggered recruitment of the isolated kindlin-3 PH domain to the plasma membrane before arrest. In summary, we showed that the kindlin-3 PH domain is necessary for recruitment to the plasma membrane, where full-length kindlin-3 is indispensable for the induction of high-affinity β2-integrin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lai Wen
- Laboratory of Inflammation Biology and
| | | | - Payel Roy
- Laboratory of Inflammation Biology and
| | - Sara McArdle
- Microscopy Core Facility, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA
| | - Hao Sun
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Zhichao Fan
- Laboratory of Inflammation Biology and
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, CT; and
| | | | - Mark H Ginsberg
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Klaus Ley
- Laboratory of Inflammation Biology and
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
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33
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Mezu-Ndubuisi OJ, Maheshwari A. The role of integrins in inflammation and angiogenesis. Pediatr Res 2021; 89:1619-1626. [PMID: 33027803 PMCID: PMC8249239 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-020-01177-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Integrins are heterodimeric transmembrane cell adhesion molecules made up of alpha (α) and beta (β) subunits arranged in numerous dimeric pairings. These complexes have varying affinities to extracellular ligands. Integrins regulate cellular growth, proliferation, migration, signaling, and cytokine activation and release and thereby play important roles in cell proliferation and migration, apoptosis, tissue repair, as well as in all processes critical to inflammation, infection, and angiogenesis. This review presents current evidence from human and animal studies on integrin structure and molecular signaling, with particular emphasis on signal transduction in infants. We have included evidence from our own laboratory studies and from an extensive literature search in databases PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, and the electronic archives of abstracts presented at the annual meetings of the Pediatric Academic Societies. To avoid bias in identification of existing studies, key words were short-listed prior to the actual search both from anecdotal experience and from PubMed's Medical Subject Heading (MeSH) thesaurus. IMPACT: Integrins are a family of ubiquitous αβ heterodimeric receptors that interact with numerous ligands in physiology and disease. Integrins play a key role in cell proliferation, tissue repair, inflammation, infection, and angiogenesis. This review summarizes current evidence from human and animal studies on integrin structure and molecular signaling and promising role in diseases of inflammation, infection, and angiogenesis in infants. This review shows that integrin receptors and ligands are novel therapeutic targets of clinical interest and hold promise as novel therapeutic targets in the management of several neonatal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olachi J. Mezu-Ndubuisi
- grid.14003.360000 0001 2167 3675Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI USA
| | - Akhil Maheshwari
- grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD USA
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34
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Measurement of Integrin Activation and Conformational Changes on the Cell Surface by Soluble Ligand and Antibody Binding Assays. Methods Mol Biol 2020. [PMID: 33215372 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0962-0_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Soluble ligand and conformation-dependent antibody binding assay of integrins on the cell surface is an effective approach to evaluate the activation status of integrins in live cells. The ligands or antibodies are usually labeled with biotin or a fluorescent dye and incubated with integrin-expressing cells in suspension. The cell-bound ligands and antibodies are then detected by flow cytometry. Here we describe the detailed protocols of soluble ligand or antibody binding assay for αIIbβ3, αVβ3, α5β1, and αLβ2 integrins that are transiently or stably expressed in the model cell lines such as HEK293 or CHO-k1 cells.
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35
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Maynard SA, Winter CW, Cunnane EM, Stevens MM. Advancing Cell-Instructive Biomaterials Through Increased Understanding of Cell Receptor Spacing and Material Surface Functionalization. REGENERATIVE ENGINEERING AND TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2020; 7:553-547. [PMID: 34805482 PMCID: PMC8594271 DOI: 10.1007/s40883-020-00180-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Regenerative medicine is aimed at restoring normal tissue function and can benefit from the application of tissue engineering and nano-therapeutics. In order for regenerative therapies to be effective, the spatiotemporal integration of tissue-engineered scaffolds by the native tissue, and the binding/release of therapeutic payloads by nano-materials, must be tightly controlled at the nanoscale in order to direct cell fate. However, due to a lack of insight regarding cell–material interactions at the nanoscale and subsequent downstream signaling, the clinical translation of regenerative therapies is limited due to poor material integration, rapid clearance, and complications such as graft-versus-host disease. This review paper is intended to outline our current understanding of cell–material interactions with the aim of highlighting potential areas for knowledge advancement or application in the field of regenerative medicine. This is achieved by reviewing the nanoscale organization of key cell surface receptors, the current techniques used to control the presentation of cell-interactive molecules on material surfaces, and the most advanced techniques for characterizing the interactions that occur between cell surface receptors and materials intended for use in regenerative medicine. Lay Summary The combination of biology, chemistry, materials science, and imaging technology affords exciting opportunities to better diagnose and treat a wide range of diseases. Recent advances in imaging technologies have enabled better understanding of the specific interactions that occur between human cells and their immediate surroundings in both health and disease. This biological understanding can be used to design smart therapies and tissue replacements that better mimic native tissue. Here, we discuss the advances in molecular biology and technologies that can be employed to functionalize materials and characterize their interaction with biological entities to facilitate the design of more sophisticated medical therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie A. Maynard
- Department of Materials, Department of Bioengineering and Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ UK
| | - Charles W. Winter
- Department of Materials, Department of Bioengineering and Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ UK
| | - Eoghan M. Cunnane
- Department of Materials, Department of Bioengineering and Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ UK
| | - Molly M. Stevens
- Department of Materials, Department of Bioengineering and Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ UK
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Martinez L, Li X, Ramos-Echazabal G, Faridi H, Zigmond ZM, Santos Falcon N, Hernandez DR, Shehadeh SA, Velazquez OC, Gupta V, Vazquez-Padron RI. A Genetic Model of Constitutively Active Integrin CD11b/CD18. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2020; 205:2545-2553. [PMID: 32938725 PMCID: PMC7577938 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1901402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Pharmacological activation of integrin CD11b/CD18 (αMβ2, Mac-1, and CR3) shows anti-inflammatory benefits in a variety of animal models of human disease, and it is a novel therapeutic strategy. Reasoning that genetic models can provide an orthogonal and direct system for the mechanistic study of CD11b agonism, we present in this study, to our knowledge, a novel knock-in model of constitutive active CD11b in mice. We genetically targeted the Itgam gene (which codes for CD11b) to introduce a point mutation that results in the I332G substitution in the protein. The I332G mutation in CD11b promotes an active, higher-affinity conformation of the ligand-binding I/A-domain (CD11b αA-domain). In vitro, this mutation increased adhesion of knock-in neutrophils to fibrinogen and decreased neutrophil chemotaxis to a formyl-Met-Leu-Phe gradient. In vivo, CD11bI332G animals showed a reduction in recruitment of neutrophils and macrophages in a model of sterile peritonitis. This genetic activation of CD11b also protected against development of atherosclerosis in the setting of hyperlipidemia via reduction of macrophage recruitment into atherosclerotic lesions. Thus, our animal model of constitutive genetic activation of CD11b can be a useful tool for the study of integrin activation and its potential contribution to modulating leukocyte recruitment and alleviating different inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laisel Martinez
- DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136
| | - Xiaobo Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Gioser Ramos-Echazabal
- DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136
| | - Hafeez Faridi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Chicago State University, Chicago, IL 60612; and
| | - Zachary M Zigmond
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136
| | - Nieves Santos Falcon
- DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136
| | - Diana R Hernandez
- DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136
| | - Serene A Shehadeh
- DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136
| | - Omaida C Velazquez
- DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136
| | - Vineet Gupta
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612;
| | - Roberto I Vazquez-Padron
- DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136;
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37
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Mao D, Lü S, Zhang X, Long M. Mechanically Regulated Outside-In Activation of an I-Domain-Containing Integrin. Biophys J 2020; 119:966-977. [PMID: 32814058 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2020.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrins are heterodimeric transmembrane proteins that mediate cellular adhesion and bidirectional mechanotransductions through their conformational allostery. The allosteric pathway of an I-domain-containing integrin remains unclear because of its complexity and lack of effective experiments. For a typical I-domain-containing integrin αXβ2, molecular dynamics simulations were employed here to investigate the conformational dynamics in the first two steps of outside-in activation, the bindings of both the external and internal ligands. Results showed that the internal ligand binding is a prerequisite to the allosteric transmission from the α- to β-subunits and the exertion of external force to integrin-ligand complex. The opening state of αI domain with downward movement and lower half unfolding of α7-helix ensures the stable intersubunit conformational transmission through external ligand binding first and internal ligand binding later. Reverse binding order induces a, to our knowledge, novel but unstable swingout of β-subunit Hybrid domain with the retained close states of both αI and βI domains. Prebinding of external ligand greatly facilitates the following internal ligand binding and vice versa. These simulations furthered the understanding in the outside-in activation of I-domain-containing integrins from the viewpoint of internal allosteric pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debin Mao
- Center of Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Microgravity (National Microgravity Laboratory), Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology, and CAS Center for Excellence in Complex System Mechanics, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; School of Engineering Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shouqin Lü
- Center of Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Microgravity (National Microgravity Laboratory), Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology, and CAS Center for Excellence in Complex System Mechanics, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; School of Engineering Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Center of Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Microgravity (National Microgravity Laboratory), Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology, and CAS Center for Excellence in Complex System Mechanics, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; School of Engineering Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mian Long
- Center of Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Microgravity (National Microgravity Laboratory), Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology, and CAS Center for Excellence in Complex System Mechanics, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; School of Engineering Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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38
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Chen Y, Ju LA. Biomechanical thrombosis: the dark side of force and dawn of mechano-medicine. Stroke Vasc Neurol 2020; 5:185-197. [PMID: 32606086 PMCID: PMC7337368 DOI: 10.1136/svn-2019-000302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Arterial thrombosis is in part contributed by excessive platelet aggregation, which can lead to blood clotting and subsequent heart attack and stroke. Platelets are sensitive to the haemodynamic environment. Rapid haemodynamcis and disturbed blood flow, which occur in vessels with growing thrombi and atherosclerotic plaques or is caused by medical device implantation and intervention, promotes platelet aggregation and thrombus formation. In such situations, conventional antiplatelet drugs often have suboptimal efficacy and a serious side effect of excessive bleeding. Investigating the mechanisms of platelet biomechanical activation provides insights distinct from the classic views of agonist-stimulated platelet thrombus formation. In this work, we review the recent discoveries underlying haemodynamic force-reinforced platelet binding and mechanosensing primarily mediated by three platelet receptors: glycoprotein Ib (GPIb), glycoprotein IIb/IIIa (GPIIb/IIIa) and glycoprotein VI (GPVI), and their implications for development of antithrombotic 'mechano-medicine' .
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfeng Chen
- Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Lining Arnold Ju
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Heart Research Institute and Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
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39
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Lukácsi S, Gerecsei T, Balázs K, Francz B, Szabó B, Erdei A, Bajtay Z. The differential role of CR3 (CD11b/CD18) and CR4 (CD11c/CD18) in the adherence, migration and podosome formation of human macrophages and dendritic cells under inflammatory conditions. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0232432. [PMID: 32365067 PMCID: PMC7197861 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
CR3 and CR4, the leukocyte specific β2-integrins, involved in cellular adherence, migration and phagocytosis, are often assumed to have similar functions. Previously however, we proved that under physiological conditions CR4 is dominant in the adhesion to fibrinogen of human monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) and dendritic cells (MDDCs). Here, using inflammatory conditions, we provide further evidence that the expression and function of CR3 and CR4 are not identical in these cell types. We found that LPS treatment changes their expression differently on MDMs and MDDCs, suggesting a cell type specific regulation. Using mAb24, specific for the high affinity conformation of CD18, we proved that the activation and recycling of β2-integrins is significantly enhanced upon LPS treatment. Adherence to fibrinogen was assessed by two fundamentally different approaches: a classical adhesion assay and a computer-controlled micropipette, capable of measuring adhesion strength. While both receptors participated in adhesion, we demonstrated that CR4 exerts a dominant role in the strong attachment of MDDCs. Studying the formation of podosomes we found that MDMs retain podosome formation after LPS activation, whereas MDDCs lose this ability, resulting in a significantly reduced adhesion force and an altered cellular distribution of CR3 and CR4. Our results suggest that inflammatory conditions reshape differentially the expression and role of CR3 and CR4 in macrophages and dendritic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szilvia Lukácsi
- MTA-ELTE Immunology Research Group, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tamás Gerecsei
- Department of Biological Physics, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
- Nanobiosensorics “Lendület” Group, Institute of Technical Physics and Material Sciences, Centre for Energy Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Katalin Balázs
- Department of Immunology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Bálint Szabó
- Department of Biological Physics, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
- CellSorter Company for Innovations, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anna Erdei
- MTA-ELTE Immunology Research Group, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Immunology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsa Bajtay
- MTA-ELTE Immunology Research Group, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Immunology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
- * E-mail:
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40
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Kadry YA, Calderwood DA. Chapter 22: Structural and signaling functions of integrins. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOMEMBRANES 2020; 1862:183206. [PMID: 31991120 PMCID: PMC7063833 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2020.183206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The integrin family of transmembrane adhesion receptors is essential for sensing and adhering to the extracellular environment. Integrins are heterodimers composed of non-covalently associated α and β subunits that engage extracellular matrix proteins and couple to intracellular signaling and cytoskeletal complexes. Humans have 24 different integrin heterodimers with differing ligand binding specificities and non-redundant functions. Complex structural rearrangements control the ability of integrins to engage ligands and to activate diverse downstream signaling networks, modulating cell adhesion and dynamics, processes which are crucial for metazoan life and development. Here we review the structural and signaling functions of integrins focusing on recent advances which have enhanced our understanding of how integrins are activated and regulated, and the cytoplasmic signaling networks downstream of integrins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmin A Kadry
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, United States of America
| | - David A Calderwood
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, United States of America; Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, United States of America..
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41
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MacKay L, Khadra A. The bioenergetics of integrin-based adhesion, from single molecule dynamics to stability of macromolecular complexes. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2020; 18:393-416. [PMID: 32128069 PMCID: PMC7044673 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2020.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The forces actively generated by motile cells must be transmitted to their environment in a spatiotemporally regulated manner, in order to produce directional cellular motion. This task is accomplished through integrin-based adhesions, large macromolecular complexes that link the actin-cytoskelton inside the cell to its external environment. Despite their relatively large size, adhesions exhibit rapid dynamics, switching between assembly and disassembly in response to chemical and mechanical cues exerted by cytoplasmic biochemical signals, and intracellular/extracellular forces, respectively. While in material science, force typically disrupts adhesive contact, in this biological system, force has a more nuanced effect, capable of causing assembly or disassembly. This initially puzzled experimentalists and theorists alike, but investigation into the mechanisms regulating adhesion dynamics have progressively elucidated the origin of these phenomena. This review provides an overview of recent studies focused on the theoretical understanding of adhesion assembly and disassembly as well as the experimental studies that motivated them. We first concentrate on the kinetics of integrin receptors, which exhibit a complex response to force, and then investigate how this response manifests itself in macromolecular adhesion complexes. We then turn our attention to studies of adhesion plaque dynamics that link integrins to the actin-cytoskeleton, and explain how force can influence the assembly/disassembly of these macromolecular structure. Subsequently, we analyze the effect of force on integrins populations across lengthscales larger than single adhesions. Finally, we cover some theoretical studies that have considered both integrins and the adhesion plaque and discuss some potential future avenues of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent MacKay
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, 3655 Promenade Sir William Osler, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Anmar Khadra
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, 3655 Promenade Sir William Osler, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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42
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Zheng Y, Leftheris K. Insights into Protein–Ligand Interactions in Integrin Complexes: Advances in Structure Determinations. J Med Chem 2020; 63:5675-5696. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b01869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yajun Zheng
- Pliant Therapeutics, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Katerina Leftheris
- Pliant Therapeutics, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
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43
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Leng F, Yin H, Qin S, Zhang K, Guan Y, Fang R, Wang H, Li G, Jiang Z, Sun F, Wang DC, Xie C. NLRP6 self-assembles into a linear molecular platform following LPS binding and ATP stimulation. Sci Rep 2020; 10:198. [PMID: 31932628 PMCID: PMC6957519 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-57043-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
NOD-like receptors (NLRs) localize in the cytosol to recognize intracellular pathogen products and initialize the innate immune response. However, the ligands and ligand specificity of many NLRs remain unclear. One such NLR, NLRP6, plays an important role in maintaining intestinal homeostasis and protecting against various intestinal diseases such as colitis and intestinal tumorigenesis. Here, we show that the major component of the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), binds NLRP6 directly and induces global conformational change and dimerization. Following stimulation by ATP, the NLRP6 homodimer can further assemble into a linear molecular platform, and ASC is recruited to form higher molecular structures, indicative of a step-by-step activation mechanism. Our study sheds light on the mystery of LPS-induced inflammasome initiation, reveals the architecture and structural basis of potential pre-inflammasome, and suggests a novel molecular assembly pattern for immune receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangwei Leng
- National Laboratory of Macromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.,Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Hang Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Siying Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- National Laboratory of Macromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Yukun Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Run Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Honglei Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling and Design, State Key Lab of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Liaoning, 116023, China
| | - Guohui Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling and Design, State Key Lab of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Liaoning, 116023, China
| | - Zhengfan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Fei Sun
- National Laboratory of Macromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Da-Cheng Wang
- National Laboratory of Macromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Can Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China. .,High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China.
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44
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Activation and suppression of hematopoietic integrins in hemostasis and immunity. Blood 2020; 135:7-16. [DOI: 10.1182/blood.2019003336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Nolte and Margadant review the current understanding of the activation and inactivation of integrin receptors expressed by hematopoietic cells and the role of these conformational changes in modulating platelet and leukocyte function.
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45
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Regulation of cell adhesion: a collaborative effort of integrins, their ligands, cytoplasmic actors, and phosphorylation. Q Rev Biophys 2019; 52:e10. [PMID: 31709962 DOI: 10.1017/s0033583519000088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Integrins are large heterodimeric type 1 membrane proteins expressed in all nucleated mammalian cells. Eighteen α-chains and eight β-chains can combine to form 24 different integrins. They are cell adhesion proteins, which bind to a large variety of cellular and extracellular ligands. Integrins are required for cell migration, hemostasis, translocation of cells out from the blood stream and further movement into tissues, but also for the immune response and tissue morphogenesis. Importantly, integrins are not usually active as such, but need activation to become adhesive. Integrins are activated by outside-in activation through integrin ligand binding, or by inside-out activation through intracellular signaling. An important question is how integrin activity is regulated, and this topic has recently drawn much attention. Changes in integrin affinity for ligand binding are due to allosteric structural alterations, but equally important are avidity changes due to integrin clustering in the plane of the plasma membrane. Recent studies have partially solved how integrin cell surface structures change during activation. The integrin cytoplasmic domains are relatively short, but by interacting with a variety of cytoplasmic proteins in a regulated manner, the integrins acquire a number of properties important not only for cell adhesion and movement, but also for cellular signaling. Recent work has shown that specific integrin phosphorylations play pivotal roles in the regulation of integrin activity. Our purpose in this review is to integrate the present knowledge to enable an understanding of how cell adhesion is dynamically regulated.
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46
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MacKay L, Khadra A. Dynamics of Mechanosensitive Nascent Adhesion Formation. Biophys J 2019; 117:1057-1073. [PMID: 31493858 PMCID: PMC6818182 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2019.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular migration is a tightly regulated process that involves actin cytoskeleton, adaptor proteins, and integrin receptors. Forces are transmitted extracellularly through protein complexes of these molecules, called adhesions. Adhesions anchor the cell to its substrate, allowing it to migrate. In Chinese hamster ovary cells, three classes of adhesion can be identified: nascent adhesions (NAs), focal complexes, and focal adhesions, ranked here ascendingly based on size and stability. To understand the dynamics and mechanosensitive properties of NAs, a biophysical model of these NAs as colocalized clusters of integrins and adaptor proteins is developed. The model is then analyzed to characterize the dependence of NA area on biophysical parameters that regulate the number of integrins and adaptor proteins within NAs through a mechanosensitive coaggregation mechanism. Our results reveal that NA formation is triggered beyond a threshold of adaptor protein, integrin, or extracellular ligand densities, with these three factors listed in descending order of their relative influence on NA area. Further analysis of the model also reveals that an increase in coaggregation or reductions in integrin mobility inside the adhesion potentiate NA formation. By extending the model to consider the mechanosensitivity of the integrin bond, we identify mechanical stress, rather than mechanical load, as a permissive mechanical parameter that allows for noise-dependent and independent NA assembly, despite both parameters producing a bistable switch possessing a hysteresis. Stochastic simulations of the model confirm these results computationally. This study thus provides insight into the mechanical conditions defining NA dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent MacKay
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Anmar Khadra
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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47
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Moore TI, Aaron J, Chew TL, Springer TA. Measuring Integrin Conformational Change on the Cell Surface with Super-Resolution Microscopy. Cell Rep 2019; 22:1903-1912. [PMID: 29444440 PMCID: PMC5851489 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.01.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
We use super-resolution interferometric photoactivation and localization microscopy (iPALM) and a constrained photoactivatable fluorescent protein integrin fusion to measure the displacement of the head of integrin lymphocyte function-associated 1 (LFA-1) resulting from integrin conformational change on the cell surface. We demonstrate that the distance of the LFA-1 head increases substantially between basal and ligand-engaged conformations, which can only be explained at the molecular level by integrin extension. We further demonstrate that one class of integrin antagonist maintains the bent conformation, while another antagonist class induces extension. Our molecular scale measurements on cell-surface LFA-1 are in excellent agreement with distances derived from crystallographic and electron microscopy structures of bent and extended integrins. Our distance measurements are also in excellent agreement with a previous model of LFA-1 bound to ICAM-1 derived from the orientation of LFA-1 on the cell surface measured using fluorescence polarization microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Travis I Moore
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jesse Aaron
- Advanced Imaging Center, Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA
| | - Teng-Leong Chew
- Advanced Imaging Center, Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA
| | - Timothy A Springer
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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48
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Edwards DN, Bix GJ. The Inflammatory Response After Ischemic Stroke: Targeting β 2 and β 1 Integrins. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:540. [PMID: 31191232 PMCID: PMC6546847 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a leading cause of death and disability with limited therapeutic options. Resulting inflammatory mechanisms after reperfusion (removal of the thrombus) result in cytokine activation, calcium influx, and leukocytic infiltration to the area of ischemia. In particular, leukocytes migrate toward areas of inflammation by use of integrins, particularly integrins β1 and β2. Integrins have been shown to be necessary for leukocyte adhesion and migration, and thus are of immediate interest in many inflammatory diseases, including ischemic stroke. In this review, we identify the main integrins involved in leukocytic migration following stroke (α L β2, αDβ2, α4β1, and α5β1) and targeted clinical therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle N. Edwards
- Sanders–Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Gregory J. Bix
- Department of Neurology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
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49
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Harjunpää H, Llort Asens M, Guenther C, Fagerholm SC. Cell Adhesion Molecules and Their Roles and Regulation in the Immune and Tumor Microenvironment. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1078. [PMID: 31231358 PMCID: PMC6558418 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 396] [Impact Index Per Article: 79.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune system and cancer have a complex relationship with the immune system playing a dual role in tumor development. The effector cells of the immune system can recognize and kill malignant cells while immune system-mediated inflammation can also promote tumor growth and regulatory cells suppress the anti-tumor responses. In the center of all anti-tumor responses is the ability of the immune cells to migrate to the tumor site and to interact with each other and with the malignant cells. Cell adhesion molecules including receptors of the immunoglobulin superfamily and integrins are of crucial importance in mediating these processes. Particularly integrins play a vital role in regulating all aspects of immune cell function including immune cell trafficking into tissues, effector cell activation and proliferation and the formation of the immunological synapse between immune cells or between immune cell and the target cell both during homeostasis and during inflammation and cancer. In this review we discuss the molecular mechanisms regulating integrin function and the role of integrins and other cell adhesion molecules in immune responses and in the tumor microenvironment. We also describe how malignant cells can utilize cell adhesion molecules to promote tumor growth and metastases and how these molecules could be targeted in cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Harjunpää
- Research Program of Molecular and Integrative Biosciences, Faculty of Bio- and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marc Llort Asens
- Research Program of Molecular and Integrative Biosciences, Faculty of Bio- and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Carla Guenther
- Research Program of Molecular and Integrative Biosciences, Faculty of Bio- and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Susanna C Fagerholm
- Research Program of Molecular and Integrative Biosciences, Faculty of Bio- and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Fagerholm SC, Guenther C, Llort Asens M, Savinko T, Uotila LM. Beta2-Integrins and Interacting Proteins in Leukocyte Trafficking, Immune Suppression, and Immunodeficiency Disease. Front Immunol 2019; 10:254. [PMID: 30837997 PMCID: PMC6389632 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Beta2-integrins are complex leukocyte-specific adhesion molecules that are essential for leukocyte (e.g., neutrophil, lymphocyte) trafficking, as well as for other immunological processes such as neutrophil phagocytosis and ROS production, and T cell activation. Intriguingly, however, they have also been found to negatively regulate cytokine responses, maturation, and migratory responses in myeloid cells such as macrophages and dendritic cells, revealing new, and unexpected roles of these molecules in immunity. Because of their essential role in leukocyte function, a lack of expression or function of beta2-integrins causes rare immunodeficiency syndromes, Leukocyte adhesion deficiency type I, and type III (LAD-I and LAD-III). LAD-I is caused by reduced or lost expression of beta2-integrins, whilst in LAD-III, beta2-integrins are expressed but dysfunctional because a major integrin cytoplasmic regulator, kindlin-3, is mutated. Interestingly, some LAD-related phenotypes such as periodontitis have recently been shown to be due to an uncontrolled inflammatory response rather than to an uncontrolled infection, as was previously thought. This review will focus on the recent advances concerning the regulation and functions of beta2-integrins in leukocyte trafficking, immune suppression, and immune deficiency disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna C Fagerholm
- Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research Program, Faculty of Bio- and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Carla Guenther
- Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research Program, Faculty of Bio- and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marc Llort Asens
- Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research Program, Faculty of Bio- and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Liisa M Uotila
- Research Services, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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