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Xie W, Bruce K, Stevenson PG, Farrell HE. Indirect CD4 + T cell protection against persistent MCMV infection by NK cells requires IFNγ. J Gen Virol 2024; 105. [PMID: 38271001 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Host control of mouse cytomegalovirus (MCMV) infection of MHCII- salivary gland acinar cells is mediated by CD4+ T cells, but how they protect is unclear. Here, we show CD4+ T cells control MCMV indirectly in the salivary gland, via IFNγ engagement with uninfected, but antigen+ MHCII+ APC and recruitment of NK cells to infected cell foci. This immune mechanism renders direct contact of CD4+ T cells with infected cells unnecessary and may represent a host strategy to overcome viral immune evasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanxiaojie Xie
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Kimberley Bruce
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Philip G Stevenson
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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2
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Rychlik KA, Illingworth EJ, Sanchez IF, Attreed SE, Sinha P, Casin KM, Taube N, Loube J, Tasneen R, Kabir R, Nuermberger E, Mitzner W, Kohr MJ, Sillé FCM. Long-term effects of prenatal arsenic exposure from gestational day 9 to birth on lung, heart, and immune outcomes in the C57BL/6 mouse model. Toxicol Lett 2023; 383:17-32. [PMID: 37244563 PMCID: PMC10527152 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2023.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Prenatal arsenic exposure is a major public health concern, associated with altered birth outcomes and increased respiratory disease risk. However, characterization of the long-term effects of mid-pregnancy (second trimester) arsenic exposure on multiple organ systems is scant. This study aimed to characterize the long-term impact of mid-pregnancy inorganic arsenic exposure on the lung, heart, and immune system, including infectious disease response using the C57BL/6 mouse model. Mice were exposed from gestational day 9 till birth to either 0 or 1000 µg/L sodium (meta)arsenite in drinking water. Male and female offspring assessed at adulthood (10-12 weeks of age) did not show significant effects on recovery outcomes after ischemia reperfusion injury but did exhibit increased airway hyperresponsiveness compared to controls. Flow cytometric analysis revealed significantly greater total numbers of cells in arsenic-exposed lungs, lower MHCII expression in natural killer cells, and increased percentages of dendritic cell populations. Activated interstitial (IMs) and alveolar macrophages (AMs) isolated from arsenic-exposed male mice produced significantly less IFN-γ than controls. Conversely, activated AMs from arsenic-exposed females produced significantly more IFN-γ than controls. Although systemic cytokine levels were higher upon Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection in prenatally arsenic-exposed offspring there was no difference in lung Mtb burden compared to controls. This study highlights significant long-term impacts of prenatal arsenic exposure on lung and immune cell function. These effects may contribute to the elevated risk of respiratory diseases associated with prenatal arsenic exposure in epidemiology studies and point to the need for more research into mechanisms driving these maintained responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristal A Rychlik
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Public Health Program, School of Exercise and Sport Science, University of Mary Hardin-Baylor, Belton, TX, USA
| | - Emily J Illingworth
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ian F Sanchez
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sarah E Attreed
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, USDA/ARS Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Plum Island, CT, USA
| | - Prithvi Sinha
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kevin M Casin
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Nicole Taube
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jeff Loube
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Rokeya Tasneen
- Center for Tuberculosis Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Raihan Kabir
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Eric Nuermberger
- Center for Tuberculosis Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Wayne Mitzner
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mark J Kohr
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Fenna C M Sillé
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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3
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Delage L, Carbone F, Riller Q, Zachayus JL, Kerbellec E, Buzy A, Stolzenberg MC, Luka M, de Cevins C, Kalouche G, Favier R, Michel A, Meynier S, Corneau A, Evrard C, Neveux N, Roudières S, Pérot BP, Fusaro M, Lenoir C, Pellé O, Parisot M, Bras M, Héritier S, Leverger G, Korganow AS, Picard C, Latour S, Collet B, Fischer A, Neven B, Magérus A, Ménager M, Pasquier B, Rieux-Laucat F. NBEAL2 deficiency in humans leads to low CTLA-4 expression in activated conventional T cells. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3728. [PMID: 37349339 PMCID: PMC10287742 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39295-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Loss of NBEAL2 function leads to grey platelet syndrome (GPS), a bleeding disorder characterized by macro-thrombocytopenia and α-granule-deficient platelets. A proportion of patients with GPS develop autoimmunity through an unknown mechanism, which might be related to the proteins NBEAL2 interacts with, specifically in immune cells. Here we show a comprehensive interactome of NBEAL2 in primary T cells, based on mass spectrometry identification of altogether 74 protein association partners. These include LRBA, a member of the same BEACH domain family as NBEAL2, recessive mutations of which cause autoimmunity and lymphocytic infiltration through defective CTLA-4 trafficking. Investigating the potential association between NBEAL2 and CTLA-4 signalling suggested by the mass spectrometry results, we confirm by co-immunoprecipitation that CTLA-4 and NBEAL2 interact with each other. Interestingly, NBEAL2 deficiency leads to low CTLA-4 expression in patient-derived effector T cells, while their regulatory T cells appear unaffected. Knocking-down NBEAL2 in healthy primary T cells recapitulates the low CTLA-4 expression observed in the T cells of GPS patients. Our results thus show that NBEAL2 is involved in the regulation of CTLA-4 expression in conventional T cells and provide a rationale for considering CTLA-4-immunoglobulin therapy in patients with GPS and autoimmune disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laure Delage
- Université Paris Cité, Institut Imagine, Laboratory of Immunogenetics of Pediatric Autoimmune Diseases, INSERM UMR 1163, F-75015, Paris, France
- Checkpoint Immunology, Immunology and Inflammation Therapeutic Area, Sanofi, F-94400, Vitry-sur-Seine, France
| | - Francesco Carbone
- Université Paris Cité, Institut Imagine, Laboratory of Inflammatory Responses and Transcriptomic Networks in Diseases, Atip-Avenir Team, INSERM UMR 1163, F-75015, Paris, France
- Labtech Single-Cell@Imagine, Imagine Institute, INSERM UMR 1163, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Quentin Riller
- Université Paris Cité, Institut Imagine, Laboratory of Immunogenetics of Pediatric Autoimmune Diseases, INSERM UMR 1163, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Luc Zachayus
- Immunology and Inflammation Therapeutic Area, Sanofi, F-94400, Vitry-sur-Seine, France
| | - Erwan Kerbellec
- Checkpoint Immunology, Immunology and Inflammation Therapeutic Area, Sanofi, F-94400, Vitry-sur-Seine, France
| | - Armelle Buzy
- BioStructure and Biophysics, Integrated Drug Discovery, Sanofi, F- 94400, Vitry-sur-Seine, France
| | - Marie-Claude Stolzenberg
- Université Paris Cité, Institut Imagine, Laboratory of Immunogenetics of Pediatric Autoimmune Diseases, INSERM UMR 1163, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Marine Luka
- Université Paris Cité, Institut Imagine, Laboratory of Inflammatory Responses and Transcriptomic Networks in Diseases, Atip-Avenir Team, INSERM UMR 1163, F-75015, Paris, France
- Labtech Single-Cell@Imagine, Imagine Institute, INSERM UMR 1163, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Camille de Cevins
- Université Paris Cité, Institut Imagine, Laboratory of Inflammatory Responses and Transcriptomic Networks in Diseases, Atip-Avenir Team, INSERM UMR 1163, F-75015, Paris, France
- Artificial Intelligence & Deep Analytics (AIDA) Group, Data & Data Science (DDS), Sanofi R&D, F- 91380, Chilly-Mazarin, France
| | - Georges Kalouche
- Cellomics, Translational Sciences, Sanofi, F- 91380, Chilly-Mazarin, France
| | - Rémi Favier
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, French national reference center for platelet disorders, Armand Trousseau Children Hospital, F-75012, Paris, France
- INSERM Unité Mixte de Recherche 1287, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Paris-Saclay University, F-94805, Villejuif, France
| | - Alizée Michel
- Université Paris Cité, Institut Imagine, Laboratory of Immunogenetics of Pediatric Autoimmune Diseases, INSERM UMR 1163, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Sonia Meynier
- Université Paris Cité, Institut Imagine, Laboratory of Immunogenetics of Pediatric Autoimmune Diseases, INSERM UMR 1163, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Aurélien Corneau
- Sorbonne Université, UMS037, PASS, Plateforme de cytométrie de la Pitié-Salpêtrière CyPS, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Caroline Evrard
- Immunology and Inflammation Therapeutic Area, Sanofi, F-94400, Vitry-sur-Seine, France
| | - Nathalie Neveux
- Laboratory of Biological Nutrition, EA 4466, Faculty of Pharmacy, Paris University, F-75014, Paris, France
- Clinical Chemistry Department, Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), 4 Avenue de l'Observatoire, F-75014, Paris, France
| | - Sébastien Roudières
- BioStructure and Biophysics, Integrated Drug Discovery, Sanofi, F- 94400, Vitry-sur-Seine, France
| | - Brieuc P Pérot
- Université Paris Cité, Institut Imagine, Laboratory of Inflammatory Responses and Transcriptomic Networks in Diseases, Atip-Avenir Team, INSERM UMR 1163, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Mathieu Fusaro
- Université Paris Cité, Institut Imagine, Laboratory of Lymphocyte Activation and Susceptibility to EBV Infection, INSERM UMR 1163, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Christelle Lenoir
- Université Paris Cité, Institut Imagine, Laboratory of Lymphocyte Activation and Susceptibility to EBV Infection, INSERM UMR 1163, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Pellé
- Université Paris Cité, Institut Imagine, Laboratory of Immunogenetics of Pediatric Autoimmune Diseases, INSERM UMR 1163, F-75015, Paris, France
- Flow Cytometry Core Facility, Structure Fédérative de Recherche Necker, INSERM US24/CNRS UMS3633, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Mélanie Parisot
- Genomics Core Facility, Institut Imagine-Structure Fédérative de Recherche Necker, INSERM U1163 et INSERM US24/CNRS UAR3633, Université Paris Cité, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Marc Bras
- Bioinformatics Platform, Structure Fédérative de Recherche Necker, INSERM UMR1163, Université Paris Cité, Imagine Institute, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Sébastien Héritier
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM UMRS_938, CRSA, AP-HP, Pediatric Oncology Hematology Unit, Hôpital Armand Trousseau, F-75012, Paris, France
| | - Guy Leverger
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM UMRS_938, CRSA, AP-HP, Pediatric Oncology Hematology Unit, Hôpital Armand Trousseau, F-75012, Paris, France
| | - Anne-Sophie Korganow
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Internal Medicine, National Reference Center for Systemic Autoimmune Diseases (CNR RESO), Tertiary Center for Primary Immunodeficiency, Strasbourg University Hospital, F-67091, Strasbourg, France
| | - Capucine Picard
- French National Reference Center for Primary Immune Deficiencies (CEREDIH), Necker-Enfants Malades University Hospital, AP-HP, F-75015, Paris, France
- Study Center for Primary Immunodeficiencies (CEDI), Necker-Enfants Malades University Hospital, AP-HP, F-75015, Paris, France
- Imagine Institute, INSERM UMR1163, Université Paris Cité, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Sylvain Latour
- Université Paris Cité, Institut Imagine, Laboratory of Lymphocyte Activation and Susceptibility to EBV Infection, INSERM UMR 1163, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Bénédicte Collet
- Pediatric Unit, Centre Hospitalier de Roubaix, F-59100, Roubaix, France
| | - Alain Fischer
- Imagine Institute, INSERM UMR1163, Université Paris Cité, F-75015, Paris, France
- Department of Paediatric Immuno-Haematology and Rheumatology, Reference Center for Rheumatic, AutoImmune and Systemic Diseases in Children (RAISE), Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), F-75015, Paris, France
- Collège de France, F-75231, Paris, France
| | - Bénédicte Neven
- Université Paris Cité, Institut Imagine, Laboratory of Immunogenetics of Pediatric Autoimmune Diseases, INSERM UMR 1163, F-75015, Paris, France
- Pediatric Immunohematology and Rheumatology Department, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Aude Magérus
- Université Paris Cité, Institut Imagine, Laboratory of Immunogenetics of Pediatric Autoimmune Diseases, INSERM UMR 1163, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Mickaël Ménager
- Université Paris Cité, Institut Imagine, Laboratory of Inflammatory Responses and Transcriptomic Networks in Diseases, Atip-Avenir Team, INSERM UMR 1163, F-75015, Paris, France
- Labtech Single-Cell@Imagine, Imagine Institute, INSERM UMR 1163, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Benoit Pasquier
- Checkpoint Immunology, Immunology and Inflammation Therapeutic Area, Sanofi, F-94400, Vitry-sur-Seine, France
| | - Frédéric Rieux-Laucat
- Université Paris Cité, Institut Imagine, Laboratory of Immunogenetics of Pediatric Autoimmune Diseases, INSERM UMR 1163, F-75015, Paris, France.
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Ibrahim D, Shahin SE, Alqahtani LS, Hassan Z, Althobaiti F, Albogami S, Soliman MM, El-Malt RMS, Al-Harthi HF, Alqadri N, Elabbasy MT, El-Hamid MIA. Exploring the Interactive Effects of Thymol and Thymoquinone: Moving towards an Enhanced Performance, Gross Margin, Immunity and Aeromonas sobria Resistance of Nile Tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus). Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:3034. [PMID: 36359158 PMCID: PMC9658592 DOI: 10.3390/ani12213034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 08/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant-derived bioactive compounds with promising nutritional and therapeutic attributes (phytogenics) are among the top priorities in the aquaculture sector. Therefore, the impact of thymol (Thy) and/or thymoquinone (ThQ) on the growth, immune response antioxidant capacity, and Aeromonas sobria (A. sobria) resistance of Nile tilapia was investigated. Four fish groups were fed a control diet and three basal diets supplemented with 200 mg/kg diet of Thy or ThQ and a blend of both Thy and ThQ at a level of 200 mg/kg diet each. At the end of the feeding trial (12 weeks), the tilapias were challenged intraperitoneally with virulent A. sobria (2.5 × 108 CFU/mL) harboring aerolysin (aero) and hemolysin (hly) genes. The results revealed that tilapias fed diets fortified with a combination of Thy and ThQ displayed significantly enhanced growth rate and feed conversion ratio. Notably, the expression of the genes encoding digestive enzymes (pepsinogen, chymotrypsinogen, α-amylase and lipase) and muscle and intestinal antioxidant enzymes (glutathione peroxidase, catalase and superoxide dismutase) was significantly upregulated in Thy/ThQ-fed fish. An excessive inflammatory response was subsided more prominently in the group administrated Thy/ThQ as supported by the downregulation of il-β, il-6 and il-8 genes and in contrast, the upregulation of the anti-inflammatory il-10 gene. Remarkably, dietary inclusion of Thy/ThQ augmented the expression of autophagy-related genes, whilst it downregulated that of mtor gene improving the autophagy process. Furthermore, Thy/ThQ protective effect against A. sobria was evidenced via downregulating the expression of its aero and hly virulence genes with higher fish survival rates. Overall, the current study encouraged the inclusion of Thy/ThQ in fish diets to boost their growth rates, promote digestive and antioxidant genes expression, improve their immune responses and provide defense against A. sorbia infections with great economic benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doaa Ibrahim
- Department of Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Sara E. Shahin
- Department of Animal Wealth Development, Veterinary Economics and Farm Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Leena S. Alqahtani
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 80203, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zeinab Hassan
- Fish Disease Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aswan University, Aswan 81528, Egypt
| | - Fayez Althobaiti
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sarah Albogami
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Mohamed Soliman
- Clinical Laboratory Sciences Department, Turabah University College, Taif University, Taif 21995, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rania M. S. El-Malt
- Department of Bacteriology, Zagazig Branch, Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Zagazig 44516, Egypt
| | - Helal F. Al-Harthi
- Department of Biology, Turabah University College, Taif University, Taif 21995, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nada Alqadri
- Department of Biology, Turabah University College, Taif University, Taif 21995, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Tharwat Elabbasy
- College of Public Health and Molecular Diagnostics and Personalized Therapeutics Center (CMDPT), Ha’il University, Ha’il 2440, Saudi Arabia
- Food Control Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Marwa I. Abd El-Hamid
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
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Impact of Omega-3 Fatty Acids Nano-Formulation on Growth, Antioxidant Potential, Fillet Quality, Immunity, Autophagy-Related Genes and Aeromonas hydrophila Resistance in Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11081523. [PMID: 36009242 PMCID: PMC9405413 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11081523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In modern aquaculture, enriching Nile tilapia’s diet with omega-3 poly-unsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) not only plays an important role in its general health but also fortifies its fillet with omega-3-PUFAs. However, the major challenge affecting their delivery is their high instability due to oxidative deterioration. Thus, the prospective incorporation of omega-3-PUFAs into nanocarriers can enhance their stability and bioactivity. In this regard, the effect of reformulated omega-3-NPs was investigated on Nile tilapia’s performance, flesh antioxidant stability, immunity, and disease resistance. Four fish groups supplemented with omega-3-PUFAs-loaded nanoparticles (omega-3 NPs) at levels of 0, 1, 2, and 3 g/kg diet and at the end of feeding trial fish challenged with Aeromonas hydrophila. Fish performance (weight gain and feed conversion) was improved in groups supplemented with omega-3-NPs (2 and 3 g/kg diet). The deposition of omega-3-PUFAs in fish flesh elevated with increasing dietary omega-3-NPs. Simultaneously the oxidative markers (H2O2, MDA, and reactive oxygen species) in fish flesh were reduced, especially with higher omega-3-NPs. Post-challenge, downregulation of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, and caspase-1 were noticed after dietary supplementation of omega-3-NPs. Moreover, mRNA expression of autophagy-related genes was upregulated while the mTOR gene was downregulated with higher omega-3 NPs levels. Lower expression of A. hydrophila ahyI and ahyR genes were detected with omega-3 NPs supplementation. In conclusion, omega-3-NPs application can fortify tilapia flesh with omega-3-PUFAs and augment its performance, immunity, and disease resistance against Aeromonas hydrophila.
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Federici C, Shahaj E, Cecchetti S, Camerini S, Casella M, Iessi E, Camisaschi C, Paolino G, Calvieri S, Ferro S, Cova A, Squarcina P, Bertuccini L, Iosi F, Huber V, Lugini L. Natural-Killer-Derived Extracellular Vesicles: Immune Sensors and Interactors. Front Immunol 2020; 11:262. [PMID: 32231660 PMCID: PMC7082405 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells contribute to immunosurveillance and first-line defense in the control of tumor growth and metastasis diffusion. NK-cell-derived extracellular vesicles (NKEVs) are constitutively secreted and biologically active. They reflect the protein and genetic repertoire of originating cells, and exert antitumor activity in vitro and in vivo. Cancer can compromise NK cell functions, a status potentially reflected by their extracellular vesicles. Hence, NKEVs could, on the one hand, contribute to improve cancer therapy by interacting with tumor and/or immune cells and on the other hand, sense the actual NK cell status in cancer patients. Here, we investigated the composition of healthy donors' NKEVs, including NK microvesicles and exosomes, and their interaction with uncompromised cells of the immune system. To sense the systemic NK cell status in cancer patients, we developed an immune enzymatic test (NKExoELISA) that measures plasma NK-cell-derived exosomes, captured as tsg101+CD56+ nanovesicles. NKEV mass spectrometry and cytokine analysis showed the expression of NK cell markers, i.e., NKG2D and CD94, perforin, granzymes, CD40L, and other molecules involved in cytotoxicity, homing, cell adhesion, and immune activation, together with EV markers tsg101, CD81, CD63, and CD9 in both NK-derived exosomes and microvesicles. Data are available via Proteome Xchange with identifier PXD014894. Immunomodulation studies revealed that NKEVs displayed main stimulatory functions in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), inducing the expression of human leukocyte antigen DR isotype (HLA-DR) and costimulatory molecules on monocytes and CD25 expression on T cells, which was maintained in the presence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and interleukin (IL)-10/transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ), respectively. Furthermore, NKEVs increased the CD56+ NK cell fraction, suggesting that effects mediated by NKEVs might be potentially exploited in support of cancer therapy. The measurement of circulating NK exosomes in the plasma of melanoma patients and healthy donors evidenced lower levels of tsg101+CD56+ exosomes in patients with respect to donors. Likewise, we detected lower frequencies of NK cells in PBMCs of these patients. These data highlight the potential of NKExoELISA to sense alterations of the NK cell immune status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Federici
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Eriomina Shahaj
- Unit of Immunotherapy of Human Tumors, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Elisabetta Iessi
- Center for Gender-Specific Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Camisaschi
- Unit of Immunotherapy of Human Tumors, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Paolino
- Dermatologic Clinic, La Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Calvieri
- Dermatologic Clinic, La Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Simona Ferro
- Unit of Immunotherapy of Human Tumors, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Agata Cova
- Unit of Immunotherapy of Human Tumors, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Squarcina
- Unit of Immunotherapy of Human Tumors, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Francesca Iosi
- Core Facilities, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Veronica Huber
- Unit of Immunotherapy of Human Tumors, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Luana Lugini
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
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7
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Elhelbawy NG, Nassar AAH, Eltorgoman AEA, Saber SM, Badr EA. Immunological microenvironment gene expression in patients with diffuse large B cell non Hodgkin lymphoma. Biochem Biophys Rep 2020; 21:100731. [PMID: 32025577 PMCID: PMC6997500 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2020.100731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Non Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) is one of the immune system cancers. The occurrence and progression of malignant lymphomas depends on cellular pathways deregulation. Understanding the relationship between the immune system at the genetic level and malignant transformation is critical to reach its etiology. Objective The aim of this work is to evaluate the expression of five immune related genes (PD-1, FOXP3, GrA, GrB and CD11c) in patients with diffuse large B cell non Hodgkin lymphoma (DLBCL). Materials and methods This study was conducted on fifty patients with DLBCL and fifty sex and age matched apparently healthy subjects. The participants were subjected to these laboratory investigations: complete blood count, serum lactate dehydrogenase and β2microglobulin (β2M) levels and determination of PD-1, FOXP3, GrA, GrB and CD11c gene expressions. Results The results of this study revealed that PD-1, FOXP3, GrA, GrB and CD11c gene expressions were significantly increased in DLBCL patients. Conclusion Patients with DLBCL have variablePD-1, FOXP3,GrA, GrB and CD11cgene expressions levels, which are correlated with the overall survival (OS) indicating that they can be good predictors of outcome in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nesreen G Elhelbawy
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Egypt
| | - Adel A H Nassar
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Egypt
| | | | - Safa M Saber
- Chemist at Central Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Egypt
| | - Eman Ae Badr
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Egypt
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8
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Xu Y, Liu Q, Zhong M, Wang Z, Chen Z, Zhang Y, Xing H, Tian Z, Tang K, Liao X, Rao Q, Wang M, Wang J. 2B4 costimulatory domain enhancing cytotoxic ability of anti-CD5 chimeric antigen receptor engineered natural killer cells against T cell malignancies. J Hematol Oncol 2019; 12:49. [PMID: 31097020 PMCID: PMC6524286 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-019-0732-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chimeric antigen receptor engineered T cells (CAR-T) have demonstrated extraordinary efficacy in B cell malignancy therapy and have been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for diffuse large B cell lymphoma and acute B lymphocytic leukemia treatment. However, treatment of T cell malignancies using CAR-T cells remains limited due to the shared antigens between malignant T cells and normal T cells. CD5 is considered one of the important characteristic markers of malignant T cells and is expressed on almost all normal T cells but not on NK-92 cells. Recently, NK-92 cells have been utilized as CAR-modified immune cells. However, in preclinical models, CAR-T cells seem to be superior to CAR-NK-92 cells. Therefore, we speculate that in addition to the short lifespan of NK-92 cells in mice, the costimulatory domain used in CAR constructs might not be suitable for CAR-NK-92 cell engineering. METHODS Two second-generation anti-CD5 CAR plasmids with different costimulatory domains were constructed, one using the T-cell-associated activating receptor-4-1BB (BB.z) and the other using a NK-cell-associated activating receptor-2B4 (2B4.z). Subsequently, BB.z-NK and 2B4.z-NK were generated. Specific cytotoxicity against CD5+ malignant cell lines, primary CD5+ malignant cells, and normal T cells was evaluated in vitro. Moreover, a CD5+ T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) mouse model was established and used to assess the efficacy of CD5-CAR NK immunotherapy in vivo. RESULTS Both BB.z-NK and 2B4.z-NK exhibited specific cytotoxicity against CD5+ malignant cells in vitro and prolonged the survival of T-ALL xenograft mice. Encouragingly, 2B4.z-NK cells displayed greater anti-CD5+ malignancy capacity than that of BB.z-NK, accompanied by a greater direct lytic side effect versus BB.z-NK. CONCLUSIONS Anti-CD5 CAR-NK cells, particularly those constructed with the intracellular domain of NK-cell-associated activating receptor 2B4, may be a promising strategy for T cell malignancy treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingxi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Qian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Mengjun Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Zhenzhen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Zhaoqi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Haiyan Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Zheng Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Kejing Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Xiaolong Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Qing Rao
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Min Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin, 300020, China.
| | - Jianxiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin, 300020, China. .,National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin, 300020, China.
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Kuranda K, Jean-Alphonse P, Leborgne C, Hardet R, Collaud F, Marmier S, Costa Verdera H, Ronzitti G, Veron P, Mingozzi F. Exposure to wild-type AAV drives distinct capsid immunity profiles in humans. J Clin Invest 2018; 128:5267-5279. [PMID: 30352429 DOI: 10.1172/jci122372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Recombinant adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors have been broadly adopted as a gene delivery tool in clinical trials, owing to their high efficiency of transduction of several host tissues and their low immunogenicity. However, a considerable proportion of the population is naturally exposed to the WT virus from which AAV vectors are derived, which leads to the acquisition of immunological memory that can directly determine the outcome of gene transfer. Here, we show that prior exposure to AAV drives distinct capsid immunity profiles in healthy subjects. In peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) isolated from AAV-seropositive donors, recombinant AAV triggered TNF-α secretion in memory CD8+ T cells, B cell differentiation into antibody-secreting cells, and anti-capsid antibody production. Conversely, PBMCs isolated from AAV-seronegative individuals appeared to carry a population of NK cells reactive to AAV. Further, we demonstrated that the AAV capsid activates IL-1β and IL-6 cytokine secretion in monocyte-related dendritic cells (moDCs). IL-1β and IL-6 blockade inhibited the anti-capsid humoral response in vitro and in vivo. These results provide insights into immune responses to AAV in humans, define a possible role for moDCs and NK cells in capsid immunity, and open new avenues for the modulation of vector immunogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Giuseppe Ronzitti
- Genethon, Evry, France.,INSERM S951, Université Evry, Université Paris Saclay, EPHE, Evry, France
| | | | - Federico Mingozzi
- INSERM U974, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.,Genethon, Evry, France.,INSERM S951, Université Evry, Université Paris Saclay, EPHE, Evry, France
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10
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Rodríguez-Alba JC, Girón-Pérez DA, Romero-Ramírez H, Pelayo R, Santos-Argumedo L. Regulatory IFN-γ-producing killer dendritic cells are enhanced in B6.MLR-Fas lpr /J lupus-prone mice. Eur J Immunol 2018; 48:1851-1860. [PMID: 30289564 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201847547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A novel cell population denominated IFN-γ-producing killer dendritic cells (IKDCs) have been recently described. These cells are lymphocytes lacking B- or T- receptors, but they can be identified by the presence of B220+ CD38+ CD49b+ and low CD11c, among other cell surface markers. The main characteristics of IKDCs are the production of IFN-γ and the ability to spontaneously kill tumor cells. We found that this population increases in B6.MLR-Faslpr /J mice. Interestingly, IKDCs increase with age and are more abundant in mice older than 6 months onward. To analyze whether these cells have any role in the induction of the lupus-like phenotype in the B6.MLR-Faslpr /J mice, IKDCs were purified and transferred into 6-month-old B6.MRL-Faslpr /J mice, then the presence of anti-nuclear antibodies (ANAS) and anti-dsDNA antibodies were analyzed 2 and 4 months after the transfer. The results showed a reduction in the levels of these autoantibodies and increased survival of these mice, indicating that these cells may have a regulatory function. In vitro assays demonstrated that IKDCs reduced the proliferation of both autoreactive B and T cells, suggesting that these may be the mechanisms used by these cells to ameliorate the lupus-like phenotype in the B6.MRL-Faslpr /J mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Carlos Rodríguez-Alba
- Unidad de Citometría de Flujo, Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Veracruz, México
| | | | | | - Rosana Pelayo
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Oriente-CIBIOR, IMSS, Puebla, Mexico
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11
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Semeraro ML, Glenn LM, Morris MA. The Four-Way Stop Sign: Viruses, 12-Lipoxygenase, Islets, and Natural Killer Cells in Type 1 Diabetes Progression. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2017; 8:246. [PMID: 28993759 PMCID: PMC5622285 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2017.00246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells represent an important effector arm against viral infection, and mounting evidence suggests that viral infection plays a role in the development of type 1 diabetes (T1D) in at least a portion of patients. NK cells recognize their target cells through a delicate balance of inhibitory and stimulatory receptors on their surface. If unbalanced, NK cells have great potential to wreak havoc in the pancreas due to the beta cell expression of the as-yet-defined NKp46 ligand through interactions with the activating NKp46 receptor found on the surface of most NK cells. Blocking interactions between NKp46 and its ligand protects mice from STZ-induced diabetes, but differential expression non-diabetic and diabetic donor samples have not been tested. Additional studies have shown that peripheral blood NK cells from human T1D patients have altered phenotypes that reduce the lytic and functional ability of the NK cells. Investigations of humanT1D pancreas tissues have indicated that the presence of NK cells may be beneficial despite their infrequent detection. In non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice, we have noted that NK cells express high levels of the proinflammatory mediator 12/15-lipoxygenase (12/15-LO), and decreased levels of stimulatory receptors. Conversely, NK cells of 12/15-LO deficient NOD mice, which are protected from diabetes development, express significantly higher levels of stimulatory receptors. Furthermore, the human NK92 cell line expresses the ALOX12 protein [human 12-lipoxygenase (12-LO), related to mouse 12/15-LO] via Western blotting. Human 12-LO is upregulated in the pancreas of both T1D and T2D human donors with insulin-containing islets, showing a link between 12-LO expression and diabetes progression. Therefore, our hypothesis is that NK cells in those susceptible to developing T1D are unable to function properly during viral infections of pancreatic beta cells due to increased 12-LO expression and activation, which contributes to increased interferon-gamma production and an imbalance in activating and inhibitory NK cell receptors, and may contribute to downstream autoimmune T cell responses. The work presented here outlines evidence from our lab, as well as published literature, supporting our hypothesis, including novel data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele L. Semeraro
- Department of Internal Medicine, Strelitz Diabetes Center, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, United States
| | - Lindsey M. Glenn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Strelitz Diabetes Center, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, United States
| | - Margaret A. Morris
- Department of Internal Medicine, Strelitz Diabetes Center, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, United States
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12
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Lee S, Kim DH, Oh SY, Kim SY, Koh MS, Lee JH, Lee S, Kim SH, Kwak JY, Pak MG, Ju MH, Kim HJ, Jeong JS. Clinicopathologic significance of tumor microenvironment CD11c, and FOXP3 expression in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma patients receiving rituximab, cyclophosphamide, anthracycline, vincristine, and prednisone (R-CHOP) combination chemotherapy. Korean J Intern Med 2017; 32:335-344. [PMID: 26968188 PMCID: PMC5339461 DOI: 10.3904/kjim.2015.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2015] [Revised: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS CD11c is a dendritic cell marker in humans, which potentially induces a cytotoxic effect on lymphoma cells. Forkhead boxP3 (FOXP3) is a regulator of T lymphocyte in the microenvironment of the lymphoma. The principal objective of this study was to determine whether the tumors' microenvironment expressions of CD11c and FOXP3 are predictive of clinical outcomes in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) patients receiving treatment with rituximab, cyclophosphamide, anthracycline, vincristine, and prednisone (R-CHOP) combination chemotherapy. METHODS The study population consisted of 100 patients with DLBCL. The CD11c and FOXP3 expression in primary tumors' microenvironment were evaluated using an immunohistochemistry (IHC). RESULTS CD11c and FOXP3 expression positivity in microenvironment were 25% and 35%, respectively. Each one counted for 1 point. In CD11c and FOXP3 stain, positive was counted as 0 and negative was 1. The points were separated into low risk (0 to 1) and high risk (2) groups. Only the extranodal DLBCL patient group analysis conveyed significant differences of progression-free survival (p = 0.019) and overall survival (p = 0.039) between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS We can achieve possible clinical significance of lymphoma tumor microenvironments through CD11c and FOXP3 IHC stains in extranodal DLBCL patients receiving R-CHOP therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seul Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Dong Hyun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Sung Yong Oh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
- Immune-Network Pioneer Research Center, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
- Correspondence to Sung Yong Oh, M.D. Department of Internal Medicine, Dong-A University College of Medicine, 26 Daesingongwon-ro, Seo-gu, Busan 49201, Korea Tel: +82-51-240-2808 Fax: +82-51-246-5044 E-mail:
| | - So Yeon Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Myeong Seok Koh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Ji Hyun Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Suee Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Sung-Hyun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Jong-Young Kwak
- Immune-Network Pioneer Research Center, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
- Department of Biochemistry, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Min Gyoung Pak
- Department of Pathology, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Mi Ha Ju
- Immune-Network Pioneer Research Center, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Hyo-Jin Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Jin Sook Jeong
- Immune-Network Pioneer Research Center, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
- Department of Pathology, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
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13
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Pallmer K, Oxenius A. Recognition and Regulation of T Cells by NK Cells. Front Immunol 2016; 7:251. [PMID: 27446081 PMCID: PMC4919350 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulation of T cell responses by innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) is increasingly documented and studied. Direct or indirect crosstalk between ILCs and T cells early during and after T cell activation can affect their differentiation, polarization, and survival. Natural killer (NK) cells that belong to the ILC1 group were initially described for their function in recognizing and eliminating "altered self" and as source of early inflammatory cytokines, most notably type II interferon. Using signals conveyed by various germ-line encoded activating and inhibitory receptors, NK cells are geared to sense sudden cellular changes that can be caused by infection events, malignant transformation, or cellular stress responses. T cells, when activated by TCR engagement (signal 1), costimulation (signal 2), and cytokines (signal 3), commit to a number of cellular alterations, including entry into rapid cell cycling, metabolic changes, and acquisition of effector functions. These abrupt changes may alert NK cells, and T cells might thereby expose themselves as NK cell targets. Here, we review how activated T cells can be recognized and regulated by NK cells and what consequences such regulation bears for T cell immunity in the context of vaccination, infection, or autoimmunity. Conversely, we will discuss mechanisms by which activated T cells protect themselves against NK cell attack and outline the significance of this safeguard mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Annette Oxenius
- Institute of Microbiology, ETH Zürich , Zürich , Switzerland
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14
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Shekhar S, Yang X. Natural killer cells in host defense against veterinary pathogens. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2015; 168:30-4. [PMID: 26553564 PMCID: PMC7112915 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2015.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Revised: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Natural Killer (NK) cells constitute a major subset of innate lymphoid cells that do not express the T- and B-cell receptors and play an important role in antimicrobial defense. NK cells not only induce early and rapid innate immune responses, but also communicate with dendritic cells to shape the adaptive immunity, thus bridging innate and adaptive immunity. Although the functional biology of NK cells is well-documented in a variety of infections in humans and mice, their role in protecting domestic animals from infectious agents is only beginning to be understood. In this article, we summarize the current state of knowledge about the contribution of NK cells in pathogen defense in domestic animals, especially cattle and pigs. Understanding the immunobiology of NK cells will translate into strategies to manipulate these cells for preventive and therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudhanshu Shekhar
- Departments of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
| | - Xi Yang
- Departments of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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15
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von Burg N, Turchinovich G, Finke D. Maintenance of Immune Homeostasis through ILC/T Cell Interactions. Front Immunol 2015; 6:416. [PMID: 26322047 PMCID: PMC4534831 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) have emerged as a new family of immune cells with crucial functions in innate and adaptive immunity. ILC subsets mirror the cytokine and transcriptional profile of CD4+ T helper (TH) cell subsets. Hence, group 1 (ILC1), group 2 (ILC2), and group 3 (ILC3) ILCs can be distinguished by the production of TH1, TH2, and TH17-type cytokines, respectively. Cytokine release by ILCs not only shapes early innate immunity but can also orchestrate TH immune responses to microbial or allergen exposure. Recent studies have identified an unexpected effector function of ILCs as antigen presenting cells. Both ILC2s and ILC3s are able to process and present foreign antigens (Ags) via major histocompatibility complex class II, and to induce cognate CD4+ T cell responses. In addition, Ag-stimulated T cells promote ILC activation and effector functions indicating a reciprocal interaction between the adaptive and innate immune system. A fundamental puzzle in ILC function is how ILC/T cell interactions promote host protection and prevent autoimmune diseases. Furthermore, the way in which microenvironmental and inflammatory signals determine the outcome of ILC/T cell immune responses in various tissues is not yet understood. This review focuses on recent advances in understanding the mechanisms that coordinate the collaboration between ILCs and T cells under homeostatic and inflammatory conditions. We also discuss the potential roles of T cells and other immune cells to regulate ILC functions and to maintain homeostasis in mucosal tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole von Burg
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel , Basel , Switzerland ; University of Basel Children's Hospital , Basel , Switzerland
| | - Gleb Turchinovich
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel , Basel , Switzerland ; University of Basel Children's Hospital , Basel , Switzerland
| | - Daniela Finke
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel , Basel , Switzerland ; University of Basel Children's Hospital , Basel , Switzerland
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16
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Van Elssen CH, Oth T, Germeraad WT, Bos GM, Vanderlocht J. Natural Killer Cells: The Secret Weapon in Dendritic Cell Vaccination Strategies. Clin Cancer Res 2014; 20:1095-103. [DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-13-2302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Guimont-Desrochers F, Lesage S. Revisiting the Prominent Anti-Tumoral Potential of Pre-mNK Cells. Front Immunol 2013; 4:446. [PMID: 24376447 PMCID: PMC3858890 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2013.00446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2013] [Accepted: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Interferon-producing killer dendritic cells (IKDC) were first described for their outstanding anti-tumoral properties. The “IKDC” terminology implied the description of a novel DC subset and initiated a debate on their cellular lineage origin. This debate shifted the focus away from their notable anti-tumoral potential. IKDC were recently redefined as precursors to mature NK (mNK) cells and consequently renamed pre-mNK cells. Importantly, a putative human equivalent of pre-mNK cells was recently associated with improved disease outcome in cancer patients. It is thus timely to revisit the functional attributes as well as the therapeutic potential of pre-mNK cells in line with their newly defined NK-cell precursor function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanny Guimont-Desrochers
- Immunology-Oncology Section, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital , Montreal, QC , Canada ; Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal , Montreal, QC , Canada
| | - Sylvie Lesage
- Immunology-Oncology Section, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital , Montreal, QC , Canada ; Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal , Montreal, QC , Canada
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CS1-specific chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-engineered natural killer cells enhance in vitro and in vivo antitumor activity against human multiple myeloma. Leukemia 2013; 28:917-27. [PMID: 24067492 PMCID: PMC3967004 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2013.279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 336] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2013] [Revised: 09/12/2013] [Accepted: 09/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is an incurable hematological malignancy. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-expressing T cells have been demonstrated successful in the clinic to treat B-lymphoid malignancies. However, the potential utility of antigen-specific CAR-engineered natural killer (NK) cells to treat MM has not been explored. In this study, we determined whether CS1, a surface protein that is highly expressed on MM cells, can be targeted by CAR NK cells to treat MM. We successfully generated a viral construct of a CS1-specific CAR and expressed it in human NK cells. In vitro, CS1-CAR NK cells displayed enhanced MM cytolysis and IFN-γ production, and showed a specific CS1-dependent recognition of MM cells. Ex vivo, CS1-CAR NK cells also showed similarly enhanced activities when responding to primary MM tumor cells. More importantly, in an aggressive orthotopic MM xenograft mouse model, adoptive transfer of NK-92 cells expressing CS1-CAR efficiently suppressed the growth of human IM9 MM cells and also significantly prolonged mouse survival. Thus, CS1 represents a viable target for CAR-expressing immune cells, and autologous or allogeneic transplantation of CS1-specific CAR NK cells may be a promising strategy to treat MM.
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Guerrero-Plata A. Dendritic cells in human Pneumovirus and Metapneumovirus infections. Viruses 2013; 5:1553-70. [PMID: 23787776 PMCID: PMC3717721 DOI: 10.3390/v5061553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2013] [Revised: 05/24/2013] [Accepted: 06/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung dendritic cells (DC) play a fundamental role in sensing invading pathogens, as well as in the control of tolerogenic responses in the respiratory tract. Their strategic localization at the site of pathogen entry makes them particularly susceptible to initial viral invasion. Human respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV) and human metapneumovirus (hMPV) belong to the Paramyxoviridae family, within the Pneumovirus and Metapneumovirus genera, respectively. hRSV and hMPV are significant human respiratory pathogens that cause similar clinical manifestations and affect many of the same subpopulations. However, they differentially activate the host immune response, including DC, which represents a fundamental link between the innate and adaptive immune response. In this review, the role of DC in the immune response against hRSV and hMPV infections, as well as the inhibitory effects of these paramyxoviruses on the DC immunity will be discussed.
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Anguille S, Lion E, Tel J, de Vries IJM, Couderé K, Fromm PD, Van Tendeloo VF, Smits EL, Berneman ZN. Interleukin-15-induced CD56(+) myeloid dendritic cells combine potent tumor antigen presentation with direct tumoricidal potential. PLoS One 2012; 7:e51851. [PMID: 23284789 PMCID: PMC3532168 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0051851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2012] [Accepted: 11/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are the quintessential antigen-presenting cells of the human immune system and play a prime role in coordinating innate and adaptive immune responses, explaining the strong and still growing interest in their application for cancer immunotherapy. Much current research in the field of DC-based immunotherapy focuses on optimizing the culture conditions for in vitro DC generation in order to assure that DCs with the best possible immunogenic qualities are being used for immunotherapy. In this context, monocyte-derived DCs that are alternatively induced by interleukin-15 (IL-15 DCs) have attracted recent attention due to their superior immunostimulatory characteristics. In this study, we show that IL-15 DCs, in addition to potent tumor antigen-presenting function, possess tumoricidal potential and thus qualify for the designation of killer DCs. Notwithstanding marked expression of the natural killer (NK) cell marker CD56 on a subset of IL-15 DCs, we found no evidence of a further phenotypic overlap between IL-15 DCs and NK cells. Allostimulation and antigen presentation assays confirmed that IL-15 DCs should be regarded as bona fide myeloid DCs not only from the phenotypic but also from the functional point of view. Concerning their cytotoxic activity, we demonstrate that IL-15 DCs are able to induce apoptotic cell death of the human K562 tumor cell line, while sparing tumor antigen-specific T cells. The cytotoxicity of IL-15 DCs is predominantly mediated by granzyme B and, to a small extent, by tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) but is independent of perforin, Fas ligand and TNF-α. In conclusion, our data provide evidence of a previously unappreciated role for IL-15 in the differentiation of human monocytes towards killer DCs. The observation that IL-15 DCs have killer DC capacity lends further support to their implementation in DC-based immunotherapy protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Anguille
- University of Antwerp, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute (VAXINFECTIO), Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Antwerp, Belgium.
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21
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Ito R, Katano I, Ida-Tanaka M, Kamisako T, Kawai K, Suemizu H, Aiso S, Ito M. Efficient xenoengraftment in severe immunodeficient NOD/Shi-scid IL2rγnull mice is attributed to a lack of CD11c+B220+CD122+ cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 189:4313-20. [PMID: 23018460 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1200820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Xenograft animal models using immunodeficient mice have been widely applied in medical research on various human diseases. NOD/Shi-scid-IL2rγ(null) (NOG) mice are known to show an extremely high engraftment rate of xenotransplants compared with conventional immunodeficient mice. This high engraftment rate of xenotransplants in NOG mice was substantially suppressed by the transfer of spleen cells from NOD-scid mice that were devoid of NK cells. These results indicate that cell types other than splenic NK cells present in NOD-scid mice but not in NOG mice may be involved in this suppression. To identify the cell types responsible for this effect, we transferred subpopulations of spleen cells from NOD-scid mice into NOG mice and assessed the levels of human cell engraftment after human PBMC (hPBMC) transplantation. These experiments revealed that CD11c(+)B220(+) plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) from NOD-scid mice markedly inhibited engraftment of human cells. The CD11c(+)B220(+)CD122(+) cells further fractionated from the pDCs based on the expression of CD122, which is an NK cell marker strongly inhibited during hPBMC engraftment in NOG mice. Moreover, the CD122(+) cells in the pDC fraction were morphologically distinguishable from conventional CD122(+) NK cells and showed a higher rejection efficiency. The current results suggest that CD11c(+)B220(+)CD122(+) cells play an important role in xenograft rejection, and their absence in NOG mice may be critical in supporting the successful engraftment of xenotransplants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryoji Ito
- Central Institute for Experimental Animals, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-0821, Japan
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22
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Natural killer (NK)-dendritic cell interactions generate MHC class II-dressed NK cells that regulate CD4+ T cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2011; 108:18360-5. [PMID: 22042851 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1110584108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells contribute to not only innate but also to adaptive immunity by interacting with dendritic cells (DCs) and T cells. All activated human NK cells express HLA-DR and can initiate MHCII-dependent CD4(+) T-cell proliferation; however, the expression of MHCII by mouse NK cells and its functional significance are controversial. In this study, we show that NK-DC interactions result in the emergence of MHCII-positive NK cells. Upon in vitro or in vivo activation, mouse conventional NK cells did not induce MHCII transcripts, but rapidly acquired MHCII protein from DCs. MHCII H2-Ab1-deficient NK cells turned I-A(b)-positive when adoptively transferred into wild-type mice or when cultured with WT splenic DCs. NK acquisition of MHCII was mediated by intercellular membrane transfer called "trogocytosis," but not upon DAP10/12- and MHCI-binding NK cell receptor signaling. MHCII-dressed NK cells concurrently acquired costimulatory molecules such as CD80 and CD86 from DCs; however, their expression did not reach functional levels. Therefore, MHCII-dressed NK cells inhibited DC-induced CD4(+) T-cell responses rather than activated CD4(+) T cells by competitive antigen presentation. In a mouse model for delayed-type hypersensitivity, adoptive transfer of MHCII-dressed NK cells attenuated footpad swelling. These results suggest that MHCII-dressed NK cells generated through NK-DC interactions regulate T cell-mediated immune responses.
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23
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Huarte E, Rynda-Apple A, Riccardi C, Skyberg JA, Golden S, Rollins MF, Ramstead AG, Jackiw LO, Maddaloni M, Pascual DW. Tolerogen-induced interferon-producing killer dendritic cells (IKDCs) protect against EAE. J Autoimmun 2011; 37:328-41. [PMID: 22018711 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2011.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2011] [Revised: 09/13/2011] [Accepted: 09/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells and dendritic cells (DCs) have been shown to link the innate and adaptive immune systems. Likewise, a new innate cell subset, interferon-producing killer DCs (IKDCs), shares phenotypic and functional characteristics with both DCs and NK cells. Here, we show IKDCs play an essential role in the resolution of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) upon treatment with the tolerizing agent, myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG), genetically fused to reovirus protein σ1 (termed MOG-pσ1). Activated IKDCs were recruited subsequent MOG-pσ1 treatment of EAE, and disease resolution was abated upon NK1.1 cell depletion. These IKDCs were able to kill activated CD4(+) T cells and mature dendritic DCs, thus, contributing to EAE remission. In addition, IKDCs were responsible for MOG-pσ1-mediated MOG-specific regulatory T cell recruitment to the CNS. The IKDCs induced by MOG-pσ1 expressed elevated levels of HVEM for interactions with cognate ligand-positive cells: LIGHT(+) NK and T(eff) cells and BTLA(+) B cells. Further characterization revealed these activated IKDCs being MHC class II(high), and upon their adoptive transfer (CD11c(+)NK1.1(+)MHC class II(high)), IKDCs, but not CD11c(+)NK1.1(+)MHC class II(intermediate/low) (unactivated) cells, conferred protection against EAE. These activated IKDCs showed enhanced CD107a, PD-L1, and granzyme B expression and could present OVA, unlike unactivated IKDCs. Thus, these results demonstrate the interventional potency induced HVEM(+) IKDCs to resolve autoimmune disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Huarte
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Montana State University, 960 Technology Blvd., Bozeman, MT 59718, USA
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24
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Luckey U, Maurer M, Schmidt T, Lorenz N, Seebach B, Metz M, Steinbrink K. T cell killing by tolerogenic dendritic cells protects mice from allergy. J Clin Invest 2011; 121:3860-71. [PMID: 21881208 DOI: 10.1172/jci45963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2010] [Accepted: 07/06/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well established that allergy development can be prevented by repeated low-dose exposure to contact allergens. Exactly which immune mechanisms are responsible for this so-called low zone tolerance (LZT) is not clear, although CD8⁺ suppressor T cells are known to have a role. Here, we show that TNF released by tolerogenic CD11⁺CD8⁺ DCs located in skin-draining lymph nodes is required and sufficient for development of tolerance to contact allergens in mice. DC-derived TNF protected mice from contact allergy by inducing apoptosis in allergen-specific effector CD8⁺ T cells via TNF receptor 2 but did not contribute to the generation and function of the regulatory T cells associated with LZT. The TNF-mediated killing mechanism was induced in an allergen-specific manner. Activation of tolerogenic DCs by LZT CD8⁺ suppressor T cells and enhanced TNF receptor 2 expression on contact allergen-specific CD8⁺ effector T cells were required for LZT. Our findings may explain how tolerance protects from allergic diseases, which could allow for the development of new strategies for allergy prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike Luckey
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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25
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Negrini S, Giuliani M, Durali D, Chouaib S, Azzarone B. Membrane-bound IL-15 stimulation on peripheral blood natural kiler progenitors leads to the generation of an adherent subset co-expressing dendritic cells and natural kiler functional markers. Haematologica 2011; 96:762-6. [PMID: 21242188 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2010.033738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Human peripheral blood natural killer progenitors represent a flexible, heterogeneous population whose phenotype and function are controlled by their membrane-bound IL-15. Indeed, reciprocal membrane-bond IL-15 trans-presentation commits these cells into NK differentiation, while membrane-bound IL-15 stimulation with its soluble ligand (sIL-15Rα) triggers a reverse signal (pERK1/2 and pFAK) that modifies the developmental program of at least two subsets of PB-NKPs. This treatment generates: i) the expansion of an immature NK subset growing in suspension; ii) the appearance of an unprecedented adherent non-proliferative subset with a dendritic morphology co-expressing marker, cytokines and functions typical of myeloid dendritic cells (CD1a(+)/BDCA1(+)/IL-12(+)) and NK cells (CD3-/NKp46(+)/ CD56(+)/IFNγ(+)). The generation of these putative NK/DCs is associated to the rapid inhibition of negative regulators of myelopoiesis (the transcription factors STAT6 and GATA-3) followed by the transient upregulation of inducers of myeloid development, such as the transcription factors (PU.1, GATA-1) and the anti-apoptotic molecule (MCL-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Negrini
- UMR 1014 Inserm, Paul Brousse Hospital, Villejuif, France
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26
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Abstract
Because lymphoid progenitors can give rise to natural killer (NK) cells, NK ontogeny has been considered to be exclusively lymphoid. Here, we show that rare human CD34(+) hematopoietic progenitors develop into NK cells in vitro in the presence of cytokines (interleukin-7, interleukin-15, stem cell factor, and fms-like tyrosine kinase-3 ligand). Adding hydrocortisone and stromal cells greatly increases the frequency of progenitor cells that give rise to NK cells through the recruitment of myeloid precursors, including common myeloid progenitors and granulocytic-monocytic precursors to the NK-cell lineage. WNT signaling was involved in this effect. Cells at more advanced stages of myeloid differentiation (with increasing expression of CD13 and macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor [M-CSFR]) could also differentiate into NK cells in the presence of cytokines, stroma, and hydrocortisone. NK cells derived from myeloid precursors (CD56(-)CD117(+)M-CSFR(+)) showed more expression of killer immunoglobulin-like receptors, a fraction of killer immunoglobulin-like receptor-positive-expressing cells that lacked NKG2A, a higher cytotoxicity compared with CD56(-)CD117(+)M-CSFR(-) precursor-derived NK cells and thus resemble the CD56(dim) subset of NK cells. Collectively, these studies show that NK cells can be derived from the myeloid lineage.
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Kerschen E, Hernandez I, Zogg M, Jia S, Hessner MJ, Fernandez JA, Griffin JH, Huettner CS, Castellino FJ, Weiler H. Activated protein C targets CD8+ dendritic cells to reduce the mortality of endotoxemia in mice. J Clin Invest 2010; 120:3167-78. [PMID: 20714108 DOI: 10.1172/jci42629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2010] [Accepted: 06/02/2010] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Activated protein C (aPC) therapy reduces mortality in adult patients with severe sepsis. In mouse endotoxemia and sepsis models, mortality reduction requires the cell signaling function of aPC, mediated through protease-activated receptor-1 (PAR1) and endothelial protein C receptor (EPCR; also known as Procr). Candidate cellular targets of aPC include vascular endothelial cells and leukocytes. Here, we show that expression of EPCR and PAR1 on hematopoietic cells is required in mice for an aPC variant that mediates full cell signaling activity but only minimal anticoagulant function (5A-aPC) to reduce the mortality of endotoxemia. Expression of EPCR in mature murine immune cells was limited to a subset of CD8+ conventional dendritic cells. Adoptive transfer of splenic CD11chiPDCA-1- dendritic cells from wild-type mice into animals with hematopoietic EPCR deficiency restored the therapeutic efficacy of aPC, whereas transfer of EPCR-deficient CD11chi dendritic cells or wild-type CD11chi dendritic cells depleted of EPCR+ cells did not. In addition, 5A-aPC inhibited the inflammatory response of conventional dendritic cells independent of EPCR and suppressed IFN-gamma production by natural killer-like dendritic cells. These data reveal an essential role for EPCR and PAR1 on hematopoietic cells, identify EPCR-expressing dendritic immune cells as a critical target of aPC therapy, and document EPCR-independent antiinflammatory effects of aPC on innate immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward Kerschen
- Blood Research Institute, BloodCenter of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, USA
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28
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Larmonier N, Fraszczak J, Lakomy D, Bonnotte B, Katsanis E. Killer dendritic cells and their potential for cancer immunotherapy. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2010; 59:1-11. [PMID: 19618185 PMCID: PMC11031008 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-009-0736-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2009] [Accepted: 07/01/2009] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Known for years as the principal messengers of the immune system, dendritic cells (DC) represent a heterogeneous population of antigen presenting cells critically located at the nexus between innate and adaptive immunity. DC play a central role in the initiation of tumor-specific immune responses as they are endowed with the unique ability to take up, process and present tumor antigens to naïve CD4(+) or CD8(+) effector T lymphocytes. By virtue of the cytokines they produce, DC also regulate the type, strength and duration of T cell immune responses. In addition, they can participate in anti-tumoral NK and NKT cell activation and in the orchestration of humoral immunity. More recent studies have documented that besides their primary role in the induction and regulation of adaptive anti-tumoral immune responses, DC are also endowed with the capacity to directly kill cancer cells. This dual role of DC as killers and messengers may have important implications for tumor immunotherapy. First, the direct killing of malignant cells by DC may foster the release and thereby the immediate availability of specific tumor antigens for presentation to cytotoxic or helper T lymphocytes. Second, DC may participate in the effector phase of the immune response, potentially augmenting the diversity of the killing mechanisms leading to tumor elimination. This review focuses on this non-conventional cytotoxic function of DC as it relates to the promotion of cancer immunity and discusses the potential application of killer DC (KDC) in tumor immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Larmonier
- Department of Pediatrics, Steele Children’s Research Center, University of Arizona, 1501 N. Campbell Ave., PO Box 245073, Tucson, AZ 85724-5073 USA
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724 USA
- BIO5 Institute and Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724 USA
| | | | - Daniela Lakomy
- Faculty of Medicine, INSERM UMR 866, IFR 100, Dijon, France
| | | | - Emmanuel Katsanis
- Department of Pediatrics, Steele Children’s Research Center, University of Arizona, 1501 N. Campbell Ave., PO Box 245073, Tucson, AZ 85724-5073 USA
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724 USA
- BIO5 Institute and Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724 USA
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Xie D, Bai H, Liu L, Xie X, Ayello J, Ma X, Zhang J. Apoptosis of lymphocytes and monocytes infected with influenza virus might be the mechanism of combating virus and causing secondary infection by influenza. Int Immunol 2009; 21:1251-1262. [DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxp087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
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30
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Functionally distinct subsets of human NK cells and monocyte/DC-like cells identified by coexpression of CD56, CD7, and CD4. Blood 2009; 114:4823-31. [PMID: 19805616 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2009-04-216374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The lack of natural killer (NK) cell-specific markers, as well as the overlap among several common surface antigens and functional properties, has obscured the delineation between NK cells and dendritic cells. Here, novel subsets of peripheral blood CD3/14/19(neg) NK cells and monocyte/dendritic cell (DC)-like cells were identified on the basis of CD7 and CD4 expression. Coexpression of CD7 and CD56 differentiates NK cells from CD56+ monocyte/DC-like cells, which lack CD7. In contrast to CD7+CD56+ NK cells, CD7(neg)CD56+ cells lack expression of NK cell-associated markers, but share commonalities in their expression of various monocyte/DC-associated markers. Using CD7, we observed approximately 60% of CD4+CD56+ cells were CD7(neg) cells, indicating the actual frequency of activated CD4+ NK cells is much lower in the blood than previously recognized. Functionally, only CD7+ NK cells secrete gamma interferon (IFNgamma) and degranulate after interleukin-12 (IL-12) plus IL-18 or K562 target cell stimulation. Furthermore, using CD7 to separate CD56+ NK cells and CD56+ myeloid cells, we demonstrate that unlike resting CD7+CD56+ NK cells, the CD7(neg)CD56+ myeloid cells stimulate a potent allogeneic response. Our data indicate that CD7 and CD56 coexpression discriminates NK cells from CD7(neg)CD56+ monocyte/DC-like cells, thereby improving our ability to study the intricacies of NK-cell subset phenotypes and functions in vivo.
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31
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GeurtsvanKessel CH, Bergen IM, Muskens F, Boon L, Hoogsteden HC, Osterhaus ADME, Rimmelzwaan GF, Lambrecht BN. Both conventional and interferon killer dendritic cells have antigen-presenting capacity during influenza virus infection. PLoS One 2009; 4:e7187. [PMID: 19784375 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0007187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2009] [Accepted: 09/02/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer cells are innate effector cells known for their potential to produce interferon-gamma and kill tumour and virus-infected cells. Recently, B220(+)CD11c(int)NK1.1(+) NK cells were found to also have antigen-presenting capacity like dendritic cells (DC), hence their name interferon-producing killer DC (IKDC). Shortly after discovery, it has already been questioned if IKDC really represent a separate subset of NK cells or merely represent a state of activation. Despite similarities with DCs, in vivo evidence that they behave as bona fide APCs is lacking. Here, using a model of influenza infection, we found recruitment of both conventional B220(-) NK cells and IKDCs to the lung. To study antigen-presenting capacity of NK cell subsets and compare it to cDCs, all cell subsets were sorted from lungs of infected mice and co-cultured ex vivo with antigen specific T cells. Both IKDCs and conventional NK cells as well as cDCs presented virus-encoded antigen to CD8 T cells, whereas only cDCs presented to CD4 T cells. The absence of CD4 responses was predominantly due to a deficiency in MHCII processing, as preprocessed peptide antigen was presented equally well by cDCs and IKDCs. In vivo, the depletion of NK1.1-positive NK cells and IKDCs reduced the expansion of viral nucleoprotein-specific CD8 T cells in the lung and spleen, but did finally not affect viral clearance from the lung. In conclusion, we found evidence for APC function of lung NK cells during influenza infection, but this is a feature not exclusive to the IKDC subset.
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32
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Pletneva M, Fan H, Park JJ, Radojcic V, Jie C, Yu Y, Chan C, Redwood A, Pardoll D, Housseau F. IFN-producing killer dendritic cells are antigen-presenting cells endowed with T-cell cross-priming capacity. Cancer Res 2009; 69:6607-14. [PMID: 19679552 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-09-0508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
IFN-producing killer dendritic cells (IKDC) represent a recently discovered cell type in the immune system that possesses a number of functions contributing to innate and adaptive immunity, including production of type 1 and 2 IFNs, interleukin (IL)-12, natural killing, and ultimately antigen presentation to naïve T cells. Here, we compared in vitro and in vivo responses of mouse IKDC, conventional dendritic cells (DC), and natural killer (NK) cells to murine cytomegalovirus infection and found distinct functions among these cell subsets. Upon recognition of infected fibroblasts, IKDC, as well as NK, produced high level of IFN-gamma, but unlike NK, IKDC simultaneously produced IL-12p40 and up-regulated MHC class II (MHC-II) and costimulatory molecules. Using MHC-II molecule expression as a phenotypic marker to distinguish activated IKDC from activated NK, we further showed that highly purified MHC-II(+) IKDC but not NK cross-present MHC class I-restricted antigens derived from MCMV-infected targets to CD8(+) T cells in vitro and in vivo. Our findings emphasize the unique nature of IKDC as a killer antigen-presenting cell directly linking innate and adaptive immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Pletneva
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, USA
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Guimont-Desrochers F, Cappello ZJ, Chagnon M, McDuffie M, Lesage S. Cutting edge: genetic characterization of IFN-producing killer dendritic cells. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2009; 182:5193-7. [PMID: 19380763 PMCID: PMC2697453 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0803969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The combined phenotypic expression of CD11c(low)B220(+)CD122(+)DX5(+) has been used to define a novel cell type termed IFN-producing killer dendritic cells (IKDC). IKDC readily produce IFN-gamma and demonstrate spontaneous cytotoxic activity toward tumors, suggesting that a modulation of IKDC number may be beneficial in cancer treatment. We examined various mouse strains and found that IKDC number was highly variable between the different strains. A linkage analysis associated the distal arm of chromosome 7 with variations in IKDC number. The genetic contribution of chromosome 7 to the regulation of IKDC number was confirmed through the use of congenic mice. We further demonstrate that IKDC proportion is regulated by intrinsic hematopoietic factors. We discuss the role of various candidate genes in the regulation of this newly described cell type and its implication in therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanny Guimont-Desrochers
- Dept of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Montreal and Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Research Center
| | | | - Miguel Chagnon
- Dept. of Mathematics and Statistics, Univeristy of Montreal
| | - Marcia McDuffie
- Dept. of Microbiology, University of Virginia
- Dept. of Medicine, University of Virginia
| | - Sylvie Lesage
- Dept of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Montreal and Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Research Center
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Guerrero-Plata A, Kolli D, Hong C, Casola A, Garofalo RP. Subversion of pulmonary dendritic cell function by paramyxovirus infections. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2009; 182:3072-83. [PMID: 19234204 PMCID: PMC2865244 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0802262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Lower respiratory tract infections caused by the paramyxoviruses human metapneumovirus (hMPV) and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) are characterized by short-lasting virus-specific immunity and often long-term airway morbidity, both of which may be the result of alterations in the Ag-presenting function of the lung which follow these infections. In this study, we investigated whether hMPV and RSV experimental infections alter the phenotype and function of dendritic cell (DC) subsets that are recruited to the lung. Characterization of lung DC trafficking demonstrated a differential recruitment of plasmacytoid DC (pDC), conventional DC (cDC), and IFN-producing killer DC to the lung and draining lymph nodes after hMPV and RSV infection. In vitro infection of lung DC indicated that in pDC, production of IFN-alpha, TNF-alpha, and CCL5 was induced only by hMPV, whereas CCL3 and CCL4 were induced by both viruses. In cDC, a similar repertoire of cytokines was induced by hMPV and RSV, except for IFN-beta, which was not induced by RSV. The function of lung pDC was altered following hMPV or RSV infection in vivo, as we demonstrated a reduced capacity of lung pDC to produce IFN-alpha as well as other cytokines including IL-6, TNF-alpha, CCL2, CCL3, and CCL4 in response to TLR9 stimulation. Moreover, we observed an impaired capacity of cDC from infected mice to present Ag to CD4(+) T cells, an effect that lasted beyond the acute phase of infection. Our findings suggest that acute paramyxovirus infections can alter the long-term immune function of pulmonary DC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Deepthi Kolli
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555
| | - Chao Hong
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555
| | - Antonella Casola
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555
- Sealy Center for Vaccine Development, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555
| | - Roberto P. Garofalo
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555
- Sealy Center for Vaccine Development, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555
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35
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Sauer KA, Maxeiner JH, Karwot R, Scholtes P, Lehr HA, Birkenbach M, Blumberg RS, Finotto S. Immunosurveillance of lung melanoma metastasis in EBI-3-deficient mice mediated by CD8+ T cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2009; 181:6148-57. [PMID: 18941205 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.181.9.6148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
EBV-induced gene 3 (EBI-3) codes for a soluble type I receptor homologous to the p40 subunit of IL-12 that is expressed by APCs following activation. In this study, we assessed the role of EBI-3 in a model of lung melanoma metastasis. Intravenous injection of the B16-F10 cell line resulted in a significant reduction of lung tumor metastasis in EBI-3(-/-) recipient mice compared with wild-type mice. The immunological finding accompanying this effect was the expansion of a newly described cell subset called IFN-gamma producing killer dendritic cells associated with CD8(+) T cell responses in the lung of EBI-3(-/-) mice including IFN-gamma release and TNF-alpha-induced programmed tumor cell death. Depletion of CD8(+) T cells as well as targeting T-bet abrogated the protective effects of EBI-3 deficiency on lung melanoma metastases. Finally, adoptive transfer of EBI-3(-/-) CD8(+) T cells into tumor bearing wild-type mice inhibited lung metastasis in recipient mice. Taken together, these data demonstrate that targeting EBI-3 leads to a T-bet-mediated antitumor CD8(+) T cell responses in the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin A Sauer
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology of the Lung, I. Medical Clinic, University of Mainz, Germany
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Bennaceur K, Chapman J, Brikci-Nigassa L, Sanhadji K, Touraine JL, Portoukalian J. Dendritic cells dysfunction in tumour environment. Cancer Lett 2008; 272:186-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2008.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2008] [Revised: 04/07/2008] [Accepted: 05/13/2008] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Ullrich E, Bonmort M, Mignot G, Jacobs B, Bosisio D, Sozzani S, Jalil A, Louache F, Bulanova E, Geissman F, Ryffel B, Chaput N, Bulfone-Paus S, Zitvogel L. Trans-presentation of IL-15 dictates IFN-producing killer dendritic cells effector functions. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2008; 180:7887-97. [PMID: 18523252 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.180.12.7887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
IFN-producing killer dendritic cells (IKDC) were initially described as B220(+)CD11c(+)CD3(-)NK1.1(+) tumor-infiltrating cells that mediated part of the antitumor effects of the combination therapy with imatinib mesylate and IL-2. In this study, we show their functional dependency on IL-15 during homeostasis and inflammatory processes. Trans-presentation of IL-15 by IL-15Ralpha allows dramatic expansion of IKDC in vitro and in vivo, licenses IKDC for TRAIL-dependent killing and endows IKDC with immunizing potential, all three biological attributes not shared by B220(-)NK cells. However, IL-15 down-regulates the capacity of IKDC to induce MHC class I- or II-restricted T cell activation in vitro. Trans-presentation of IL-15 by IL-15Ralpha allows IKDC to respond to TLR3 and TLR4 ligands for the production of CCL2, a chemokine that is critical for IKDC trafficking into tumor beds (as described recently). We conclude that IKDC represent a unique subset of innate effectors functionally distinguishable from conventional NK cells in their ability to promptly respond to IL-15-driven inflammatory processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn Ullrich
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U805, Center of Clinical Investigations CBT507, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
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Affiliation(s)
- Laure Coulombel
- Médecine/Sciences et Inserm U602, Hôpital Paul Brousse, 94817 Villejuif Cedex, France.
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Wang J, Xing F. A novel cell subset: interferon-producing killer dendritic cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 51:671-5. [PMID: 18677594 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-008-0084-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2007] [Accepted: 05/16/2008] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Recent reports introduce a novel cell subset of DCs with antigenic phenotypes shared by both NK cells and B cells, but without surface markers of pDCs and T cells, appearing to be a chimera of NK cells and DCs, namely interferon-producing killer dendritic cells (IKDCs). IKDCs not only secret type I and type II interferons to recognize and kill tumor cells effectively, but also express MHC-II molecules to present antigens. Thus, IKDCs are considered as important immunosurveilance cells for tumors, providing a link between innate and adaptive immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiongkun Wang
- Institute of Tissue Transplantation and Immunology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
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Lymphoid precursors are directed to produce dendritic cells as a result of TLR9 ligation during herpes infection. Blood 2008; 112:3753-61. [PMID: 18552210 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2008-04-151506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells were previously found to express Toll-like receptors (TLRs), suggesting that bacterial/viral products may influence blood cell formation. We now show that common lymphoid progenitors (CLPs) from mice with active HSV-1 infection are biased to dendritic cell (DC) differentiation, and the phenomenon is largely TLR9 dependent. Similarly, CLPs from mice treated with the TLR9 ligand CpG ODN had little ability to generate CD19+ B lineage cells and had augmented competence to generate DCs. TNFalpha mediates the depletion of late-stage lymphoid progenitors from bone marrow in many inflammatory conditions, but redirection of lymphopoiesis occurred in TNFalpha-/- mice treated with CpG ODN. Increased numbers of DCs with a lymphoid past were identified in Ig gene recombination substrate reporter mice treated with CpG ODN. TLR9 is highly expressed on lymphoid progenitors, and culture studies revealed that those receptors, rather than inflammatory cytokines, accounted for the production of several types of functional DCs. Common myeloid progenitors are normally a good source of DCs, but this potential was reduced by TLR9 ligation. Thus, alternate differentiation pathways may be used to produce innate effector cells in health and disease.
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Bonmort M, Dalod M, Mignot G, Ullrich E, Chaput N, Zitvogel L. Killer dendritic cells: IKDC and the others. Curr Opin Immunol 2008; 20:558-65. [PMID: 18554881 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2008.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2008] [Revised: 04/16/2008] [Accepted: 04/17/2008] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Tumors can regress as a result of invading myeloid and lymphoid cells that act in concert. Although the myeloid cells are widely recognized as antigen presenters and lymphoid cells as classical effectors, recent evidence revealed the capacity of dendritic cells (DC) to kill tumor cells. The functional concept of 'natural killer (NK) myeloid DC' is supported by mouse and human in vitro data that may be clinically relevant because human killer DC can contribute to tumor shrinking during topical therapy with toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists. Whether tumor killing by DC is a 'catalyzing' step for efficient crosspresentation and/or a promoting step for an immunogenic cell death pathway remains an open question. We also discuss how interferon-producing killer DC (IKDC) may participate in the control of tumor progression.
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Generation of a novel regulatory NK cell subset from peripheral blood CD34+ progenitors promoted by membrane-bound IL-15. PLoS One 2008; 3:e2241. [PMID: 18493613 PMCID: PMC2376096 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0002241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2008] [Accepted: 03/31/2008] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND NK cells have been long time considered as cytotoxic lymphocytes competent in killing virus-infected cells and tumors. However, NK cells may also play essential immuno-regulatory functions. In this context, the real existence of a defined NK subset with negative regulatory properties has been hypothesized but never clearly demonstrated. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Herein, we show the in vitro generation from human peripheral blood haematopoietic progenitors (PB-HP), of a novel subset of non-cytolytic NK cells displaying a mature phenotype and remarkable immuno-regulatory functions (NK-ireg). The main functional hallmark of these NK-ireg cells is represented by the surface expression/release of HLA-G, a major immunosuppressive molecule. In addition, NK-ireg cells secrete two powerful immuno-regulatory factors: IL-10 and IL-21. Through these factors, NK-ireg cells act as effectors of the down-regulation of the immune response: reconverting mature myeloid DC (mDC) into immature/tolerogenic DC, blocking cytolytic functions on conventional NK cells and inducing HLA-G membrane expression on PB-derived monocytes. The generation of "NK-ireg" cells is obtained, by default, in culture conditions favouring cell-to-cell contacts, and it is strictly dependent on reciprocal trans-presentation of membrane-bound IL-15 forms constitutively and selectively expressed by human CD34(+) PB-HP. Finally, a small subset of NKp46(+) HLA-G(+) IL-10(+) is detected within freshly isolated decidual NK cells, suggesting that these cells could represent an in vivo counterpart of the NK-ireg cells. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE In conclusion, NK-ireg cells represent a novel truly differentiated non-cytolytic NK subset with a self-sustainable phenotype (CD56(+) CD16(+) NKp30(+) NKp44(+) NKp46(+) CD94(+) CD69(+) CCR7(+)) generated from specific pSTAT6(+) GATA3(+) precursors. NK-ireg cells could be employed to develop new immuno-suppressive strategies in autoimmune diseases, transplant rejection or graft versus host diseases. In addition, NK-ireg cells can be easily derived from peripheral blood of the patients and could constitute an autologous biotherapic tool to be used combined or in alternative to other immuno-regulatory cells.
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Siracusa MC, Overstreet MG, Housseau F, Scott AL, Klein SL. 17beta-estradiol alters the activity of conventional and IFN-producing killer dendritic cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2008; 180:1423-31. [PMID: 18209037 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.180.3.1423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Estrogens increase aspects of innate immunity and contribute to sex differences in the prevalence of autoimmune diseases and in response to infection. The goal of the present study was to assess whether exposure to 17beta-estradiol (E2) affects the development and function of bone marrow-derived dendritic cells and to determine whether similar changes are observed in CD11c(+) splenocytes exposed to E2 in vivo. E2 facilitated the differentiation of BM precursor cells into functional CD11c(+)CD11b(+)MHC class II(+) dendritic cells (DCs) with increased expression of the costimulatory molecules CD40 and CD86. Exposure of bone marrow-derived dendritic cells to E2 also enhanced production of IL-12 in response to the TLR ligands, CpG and LPS. In contrast, CD11c(+) cells isolated from the spleens of female C57BL/6 mice that were intact, ovariectomized, or ovariectomized with E2 replacement exhibited no differences in the number or activity of CD11c(+)CD11b(+)MHC class II(+) DCs. The presence of E2 in vivo, however, increased the number of CD11c(+)CD49b(+)NK1.1(low) cells and reduced numbers of CD11c(+)CD49b(+)NK1.1(high) cells, a surface phenotype for IFN-producing killer DCs (IKDCs). Ultrastructural analysis demonstrated that CD11c(+)NK1.1(+) populations were comprised of cells that had the appearance of both DCs and IKDCs. CD11c(+) splenocytes isolated from animals with supplemental E2 produced more IFN-gamma in response to IL-12 and IL-18. These data illustrate that E2 has differential effects on the development and function of DCs and IKDCs and provide evidence that E2 may strengthen innate immunity by enhancing IFN-gamma production by CD11c(+) cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark C Siracusa
- The W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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Abstract
Many fundamental concepts about immune system development have changed substantially in the past few years, and rapid advances with animal models are presenting prospects for further discovery. However, continued progress requires a clearer understanding of the relationships between haematopoietic stem cells and the progenitors that replenish each type of lymphocyte pool. Blood-cell formation has traditionally been described in terms of discrete developmental branch points, and a single route is given for each major cell type. As we discuss in this Review, recent findings suggest that the process of B-cell formation is much more dynamic.
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Arina A, Murillo O, Dubrot J, Azpilikueta A, Gabari I, Perez-Gracia JL, Alfaro C, Berasain C, Prieto J, Ferrini S, Hervas-Stubbs S, Melero I. Interleukin-15 liver gene transfer increases the number and function of IKDCs and NK cells. Gene Ther 2008; 15:473-83. [PMID: 18273053 DOI: 10.1038/gt.2008.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The surface phenotype CD3-NK1.1+DX5+CD11c(int)B220+GR1- has been recently ascribed to a novel subset of mouse leukocytes termed interferon (IFN)-producing killer dendritic cells (IKDCs) that shares functions with natural killer (NK) cells and DCs. Interleukin-15 (IL-15) is critical for NK cells but its relationship with IKDC remained unexplored. An expression cassette encoding human IL-15 (hIL-15) has been transferred by hydrodynamic injection into the liver of mice, resulting in transient expression of the cytokine that is detectable during the first 48 h. hIL-15 hydrodynamic gene transfer resulted in an expansion of NK cells and IKDCs. Relative expansions of IKDCs were more dramatic in the IL-15 gene-transferred hepatic tissue than in the spleen. Adoptively transferred DX5+ cells comprising both NK cells and IKDCs proliferated in response to hydrodynamic injection of hIL-15, indicating that quantitative increases are at least in part the result of proliferation from already differentiated cells. Expansion is accompanied by enhanced cytolytic activity and increased expression of TRAIL and CD137 (4-1BB), without augmenting interferon-gamma production. The effects of a single hydrodynamic injection surpassed those of two intraperitoneal doses of the recombinant protein. The novel functional link between circulating IL-15 and IKDCs opens new possibilities to study the biology and applications of this minority cell subset.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Arina
- Gene Therapy Unit, Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada (CIMA), Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
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Robbins SH, Walzer T, Dembélé D, Thibault C, Defays A, Bessou G, Xu H, Vivier E, Sellars M, Pierre P, Sharp FR, Chan S, Kastner P, Dalod M. Novel insights into the relationships between dendritic cell subsets in human and mouse revealed by genome-wide expression profiling. Genome Biol 2008; 9:R17. [PMID: 18218067 PMCID: PMC2395256 DOI: 10.1186/gb-2008-9-1-r17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 403] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2007] [Revised: 12/19/2007] [Accepted: 01/24/2008] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide expression profiling of mouse and human leukocytes reveal conserved transcriptional programs of plasmacytoid or conventional dendritic cell subsets. Background Dendritic cells (DCs) are a complex group of cells that play a critical role in vertebrate immunity. Lymph-node resident DCs (LN-DCs) are subdivided into conventional DC (cDC) subsets (CD11b and CD8α in mouse; BDCA1 and BDCA3 in human) and plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs). It is currently unclear if these various DC populations belong to a unique hematopoietic lineage and if the subsets identified in the mouse and human systems are evolutionary homologs. To gain novel insights into these questions, we sought conserved genetic signatures for LN-DCs and in vitro derived granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) DCs through the analysis of a compendium of genome-wide expression profiles of mouse or human leukocytes. Results We show through clustering analysis that all LN-DC subsets form a distinct branch within the leukocyte family tree, and reveal a transcriptomal signature evolutionarily conserved in all LN-DC subsets. Moreover, we identify a large gene expression program shared between mouse and human pDCs, and smaller conserved profiles shared between mouse and human LN-cDC subsets. Importantly, most of these genes have not been previously associated with DC function and many have unknown functions. Finally, we use compendium analysis to re-evaluate the classification of interferon-producing killer DCs, lin-CD16+HLA-DR+ cells and in vitro derived GM-CSF DCs, and show that these cells are more closely linked to natural killer and myeloid cells, respectively. Conclusion Our study provides a unique database resource for future investigation of the evolutionarily conserved molecular pathways governing the ontogeny and functions of leukocyte subsets, especially DCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott H Robbins
- CIML (Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy), Université de la Méditerranée, Parc scientifique de Luminy case 906, Marseille F-13288, France
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Toma-Hirano M, Namiki S, Miyatake S, Arai KI, Kamogawa-Schifter Y. Type I interferon regulates pDC maturation and Ly49Q expression. Eur J Immunol 2007; 37:2707-14. [PMID: 17823983 DOI: 10.1002/eji.200737173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Ly49Q is expressed on peripheral mouse plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC). Immature Ly49Q-negative pDC precursors acquire Ly49Q in the bone marrow and then migrate into the periphery. While searching for molecules that regulate pDC maturation, we found that type I interferon (IFN) inhibited Ly49Q acquisition in vitro. Infections that induce type I IFN production by cells other than pDC (a condition mimicked by poly(I:C) injection in vivo) increase the prevalence of Ly49Q(-) pDC in the bone marrow and peripheral lymphoid organs in wild-type but not IFN-alpha/beta receptor knockout BALB/c mice. Moreover, in vivo exposure to type I IFN causes some Ly49Q(-), but not Ly49Q(+), pDC to convert to conventional DC, defined as B220(-) CD11c(+) CD11b(+) cells. These data suggest that type I IFN regulates pDC development and affects their distribution in the body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makiko Toma-Hirano
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Huntington ND, Vosshenrich CAJ, Di Santo JP. Developmental pathways that generate natural-killer-cell diversity in mice and humans. Nat Rev Immunol 2007; 7:703-14. [PMID: 17717540 DOI: 10.1038/nri2154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 310] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are large granular lymphocytes capable of producing inflammatory cytokines and spontaneously killing malignant, infected or 'stressed' cells. These NK-cell functions are controlled by cell-surface receptors that titrate stimulatory and inhibitory signals. However, we remain puzzled about where and when NK cells develop and differentiate, and this has fuelled the debate over the diversification of the peripheral NK-cell pool: are NK cells functionally homogeneous or are there subsets with specialized effector functions? In this Review, we consider the developmental relationships and biological significance of the diverse NK-cell subsets in mice and humans, and discuss how new humanized mouse models may help to characterize them further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas D Huntington
- Cytokines and Lymphoid Development Unit and Inserm Unit 668, Institut Pasteur, 25 Rue du Docteur Roux, 75724 Paris, Cedex 15, France
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Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are professional antigen-presenting cells (APCs) specialized in the stimulation of naïve T lymphocytes, which are key components of antiviral and antitumor immunity. DCs are 'sentinels' of the immune system endowed with the mission to (1) sense invading pathogens as well as any form of tissue distress and (2) alert the effectors of the immune response. They represent a very heterogeneous population including subsets characterized by their anatomical locations and specific missions. Beyond their unique APC features, DCs exhibit a large array of effector functions that play critical roles in the induction and regulation of the cell-mediated as well as humoral immune responses. In the course of the antitumor immune response, DCs are unique in engulfing tumor cells killed by natural killer (NK) cells and cross-presenting tumor-associated antigens to cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). However, while DCs mediate antitumor immune responses by stimulating tumor-specific CTLs and NK cells, direct tumoricidal mechanisms have been recently evoked. This review addresses the other face of DCs to directly deliver apoptotic signals to stressed cells, their role in tumor cell death, and its implication in the design of DC-based cancer immunotherapies.
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