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Evans L, Barral P. CD1 molecules: Beyond antigen presentation. Mol Immunol 2024; 170:1-8. [PMID: 38579449 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2024.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
CD1 molecules are well known for their role in binding and presenting lipid antigens to mediate the activation of CD1-restricted T cells. However, much less appreciated is the fact that CD1 molecules can have additional "unconventional" roles which impact the activation and functions of CD1-expressing cells, ultimately controlling tissue homeostasis as well as the progression of inflammatory and infectious diseases. Some of these roles are mediated by so-called reverse signalling, by which crosslinking of CD1 molecules at the cell surface initiates intracellular signalling. On the other hand, CD1 molecules can also control metabolic and inflammatory pathways in CD1-expressing cells through cell-intrinsic mechanisms independent of CD1 ligation. Here, we review the evidence for "unconventional" functions of CD1 molecules and the outcomes of such roles for health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Evans
- The Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology. King's College London, London, UK; The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Patricia Barral
- The Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology. King's College London, London, UK; The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK.
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2
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Frasca L, Mennella A, Palazzo R. New, Old, and Shared Antibody Specificities in Autoimmune Diseases. Antibodies (Basel) 2024; 13:23. [PMID: 38534212 DOI: 10.3390/antib13010023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Autoantibodies represent a primary characteristic of many systemic autoimmune diseases [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Loredana Frasca
- National Center for Global Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Mennella
- National Center for Global Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Raffaella Palazzo
- National Center for Global Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
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3
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Veh J, Ludwig C, Schrezenmeier H, Jahrsdörfer B. Regulatory B Cells-Immunopathological and Prognostic Potential in Humans. Cells 2024; 13:357. [PMID: 38391970 PMCID: PMC10886933 DOI: 10.3390/cells13040357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of the following review is to shed light on the putative role of regulatory B cells (Bregs) in various human diseases and highlight their potential prognostic and therapeutic relevance in humans. Regulatory B cells are a heterogeneous group of B lymphocytes capable of suppressing inflammatory immune reactions. In this way, Bregs contribute to the maintenance of tolerance and immune homeostasis by limiting ongoing immune reactions temporally and spatially. Bregs play an important role in attenuating pathological inflammatory reactions that can be associated with transplant rejection, graft-versus-host disease, autoimmune diseases and allergies but also with infectious, neoplastic and metabolic diseases. Early studies of Bregs identified IL-10 as an important functional molecule, so the IL-10-secreting murine B10 cell is still considered a prototype Breg, and IL-10 has long been central to the search for human Breg equivalents. However, over the past two decades, other molecules that may contribute to the immunosuppressive function of Bregs have been discovered, some of which are only present in human Bregs. This expanded arsenal includes several anti-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-35 and TGF-β, but also enzymes such as CD39/CD73, granzyme B and IDO as well as cell surface proteins including PD-L1, CD1d and CD25. In summary, the present review illustrates in a concise and comprehensive manner that although human Bregs share common functional immunosuppressive features leading to a prominent role in various human immunpathologies, they are composed of a pool of different B cell types with rather heterogeneous phenotypic and transcriptional properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Veh
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Ulm University Hospitals and Clinics, 89081 Ulm, Germany
- Institute for Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics, German Red Cross Blood Donation Service Baden-Württemberg-Hessen, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Carolin Ludwig
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Ulm University Hospitals and Clinics, 89081 Ulm, Germany
- Institute for Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics, German Red Cross Blood Donation Service Baden-Württemberg-Hessen, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Hubert Schrezenmeier
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Ulm University Hospitals and Clinics, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Bernd Jahrsdörfer
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Ulm University Hospitals and Clinics, 89081 Ulm, Germany
- Institute for Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics, German Red Cross Blood Donation Service Baden-Württemberg-Hessen, 89081 Ulm, Germany
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4
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Cheng T, You Y, Jia B, Wang H, Lv M, Zhu X, Hu Y. Knowledge mapping of B cell and atherosclerosis over the past 20 years: A bibliometric analysis. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2023; 19:2277567. [PMID: 37953301 PMCID: PMC10760366 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2023.2277567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS) is the main underlying cause of cardiovascular disease, and B cells are considered a key immune cell type to regulate AS. So far, there is no bibliometric study on B cell and AS. This study aims to comprehensively analyze the scientific output about B cell and AS, summarize the literature characteristics, explore research hotspots, and point out emerging trends. We searched the literature from 2003 to 2022 from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) database. CiteSpace, VOSviewer, and the R package "Bibliometrix" were used for literature analysis and visualization. A total of 1,062 articles and reviews were identified. The number of annual publications generally showed an upward trend. The United States and China were the most productive countries. Medical University of Vienna was the most productive research institution, and Binder Christoph J. was the most productive author, who was also from Medical University of Vienna. "Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology" was the most published journal and the most frequently cited journal. The most cited reference was written by Caligiuri G (2002) in "Journal of Clinical Investigation." The most frequent keywords were "inflammation," "macrophages," "cardiovascular disease," "T cells," "apoptosis," "immunity," "cytokines," "lymphocytes," etc. The trend topics were mainly focused on "immune infiltration," "immunoglobulins," and "biomarkers." The complex role of B cell subtypes and a variety of B cell mediators is the main research direction at present. In-depth analysis of B cell-specific targets can provide new ideas and methods for the prevention and treatment of AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Cheng
- Department of Cardiological Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Guang’anmen Hospital, Beijing, China
- Clinical Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yaping You
- Department of Cardiological Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Guang’anmen Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Bochao Jia
- Department of Cardiological Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Guang’anmen Hospital, Beijing, China
- Clinical Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Huan Wang
- Department of Cardiological Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Guang’anmen Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Lv
- Department of Cardiological Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Guang’anmen Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xueping Zhu
- Department of Cardiological Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Guang’anmen Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanhui Hu
- Department of Cardiological Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Guang’anmen Hospital, Beijing, China
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5
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Chen N, Dai Y, Li H, Long X, Ke J, Zhang J, Sun H, Gao F, Lin H, Yan Q. Increased ILT2 + natural killer T cells correlate with disease activity in systemic lupus erythematosus. Clin Rheumatol 2023; 42:3113-3121. [PMID: 37695380 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-023-06750-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Numerous immune cell types, such as B and T lymphocytes, natural killer cells (NK), and NKT cells, are related to the pathogenesis of diseases in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Our goal in this investigation is to examine the phenotype of NK cells and NKT cells alterations in individuals with SLE. METHODS Typically, 50 SLE patients and 24 age-matched healthy people had their PBMCs obtained. Employing flow cytometry, the phenotype of NK and NKT cells and immunoglobulin-like transcript 2 (ILT2) expressions were identified. ELISA was utilized to evaluate the amounts of interleukin-15 (IL-15) and sHLA-G in the serum. RESULTS The frequencies of the circulating NK and NKT cells in individuals with SLE were decreased compared to healthy controls. Furthermore, ILT2 expression was significantly increased in NKT cells, but showed no obvious change in NK cells. Clinical severity and active nephritis were substantially associated with ILT2+ NKT cell frequencies. The correlation study showed that the upregulation of ILT2 expression was related to sHLA-G in plasma but not to IL-15. CONCLUSIONS ILT2+ NKT cells have a vital function in the immune abnormalities of SLE, which can also supply a viable goal for therapeutic intervention. Key Points •ILT2 expression was significantly increased in NKT cells in SLE patients. •ILT2+ NKT cell frequencies were associated with clinical severity which may be used as an indicator for evaluating disease activity in patients with SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, South Branch of Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
- Department of Emergency, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Emergency Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Yijun Dai
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huaian, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xianming Long
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jun Ke
- Department of Emergency, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Emergency Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Jiuyun Zhang
- Department of Emergency, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Emergency Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Hong Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China.
| | - Fei Gao
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China.
| | - He Lin
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Qing Yan
- Department of Emergency, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Emergency Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China.
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China.
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6
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Neziraj T, Siewert L, Pössnecker E, Pröbstel AK. Therapeutic targeting of gut-originating regulatory B cells in neuroinflammatory diseases. Eur J Immunol 2023; 53:e2250033. [PMID: 37624875 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202250033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Regulatory B cells (Bregs) are immunosuppressive cells that support immunological tolerance by the production of IL-10, IL-35, and TGF-β. Bregs arise from different developmental stages in response to inflammatory stimuli. In that regard, mounting evidence points towards a direct influence of gut microbiota on mucosal B cell development, activation, and regulation in health and disease. While an increasing number of diseases are associated with alterations in gut microbiome (dysbiosis), little is known about the role of microbiota on Breg development and induction in neuroinflammatory disorders. Notably, gut-originating, IL-10- and IgA-producing regulatory plasma cells have recently been demonstrated to egress from the gut to suppress inflammation in the CNS raising fundamental questions about the triggers and functions of mucosal-originating Bregs in systemic inflammation. Advancing our understanding of Bregs in neuroinflammatory diseases could lead to novel therapeutic approaches. Here, we summarize the main aspects of Breg differentiation and functions and evidence about their involvement in neuroinflammatory diseases. Further, we highlight current data of gut-originating Bregs and their microbial interactions and discuss future microbiota-regulatory B cell-targeted therapies in immune-mediated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tradite Neziraj
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Departments of Biomedicine and Clinical Research, University Hospital of Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB), University Hospital of Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Lena Siewert
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Departments of Biomedicine and Clinical Research, University Hospital of Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB), University Hospital of Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Elisabeth Pössnecker
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Departments of Biomedicine and Clinical Research, University Hospital of Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB), University Hospital of Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Anne-Katrin Pröbstel
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Departments of Biomedicine and Clinical Research, University Hospital of Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB), University Hospital of Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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7
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Wu Z, Young NS. Single-cell genomics in acquired bone marrow failure syndromes. Blood 2023; 142:1193-1207. [PMID: 37478398 PMCID: PMC10644099 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2022018581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanistic studies of immune bone marrow failure are difficult because of the scarcity of residual cells, the involvement of multiple cell types, and the inherent complexities of hematopoiesis and immunity. Single-cell genomic technologies and bioinformatics allow extensive, multidimensional analysis of a very limited number of cells. We review emerging applications of single-cell techniques, and early results related to disease pathogenesis: effector and target cell populations and relationships, cell-autonomous and nonautonomous phenotypes in clonal hematopoiesis, transcript splicing, chromosomal abnormalities, and T-cell receptor usage and clonality. Dense and complex data from single-cell techniques provide insights into pathophysiology, natural history, and therapeutic drug effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijie Wu
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Neal S. Young
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
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8
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Parodis I, Long X, Karlsson MCI, Huang X. B Cell Tolerance and Targeted Therapies in SLE. J Clin Med 2023; 12:6268. [PMID: 37834911 PMCID: PMC10573616 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12196268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic systemic autoimmune disease of high clinical and molecular heterogeneity, and a relapsing-remitting pattern. The disease is currently without cure and more prevalent in women. B cell tolerance and production of autoantibodies are critical mechanisms that drive SLE pathophysiology. However, how the balance of the immune system is broken and how the innate and adaptive immune systems are interacting during lupus-specific autoimmune responses are still largely unknown. Here, we review the latest knowledge on B cell development, maturation, and central versus peripheral tolerance in connection to SLE and treatment options. We also discuss the regulation of B cells by conventional T cells, granulocytes, and unconventional T cells, and how effector B cells exert their functions in SLE. We also discuss mechanisms of action of B cell-targeted therapies, as well as possible future directions based on current knowledge of B cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Parodis
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden;
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dermatology and Rheumatology, Karolinska University Hospital, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, 70281 Örebro, Sweden
| | - Xuan Long
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China;
| | - Mikael C. I. Karlsson
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden;
| | - Xin Huang
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China;
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9
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Zheng H, Cao P, Su Z, Xia L. Insights into the roles of IL-10-producing regulatory B cells in cardiovascular disorders: recent advances and future perspectives. J Leukoc Biol 2023; 114:315-324. [PMID: 37284816 DOI: 10.1093/jleuko/qiad066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-10-producing regulatory B (B10) cells mediate the immunomodulatory functions of biosystems by secreting anti-inflammatory factors, thus playing vital roles in cardiovascular diseases such as viral myocarditis, myocardial infarction, and ischemia-reperfusion injury. However, several challenges hinder B10 cells from regulating the immunoreactivity of organisms in specific cardiovascular diseases, such as atherosclerotic disease. Regarding the regulatory mechanisms of B10 cells, the interplay between B10 cells and the cardiovascular and immune systems is complex and requires clarification. In this study, we summarize the roles of B10 cells in bacterial and aseptic heart injuries, address their regulatory functions in different stages of cardiovascular disorders, and discuss their challenges and opportunities in addressing cardiovascular diseases from bench to bedside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiqin Zheng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, No. 438 Jiefang Road, Zhenjiang 212001, China
- International Genome Center, Jiangsu University, No.301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Pei Cao
- International Genome Center, Jiangsu University, No.301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Zhaoliang Su
- International Genome Center, Jiangsu University, No.301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Jiangsu University, No. 438 Jiefang Road, Zhenjiang 212001, China
| | - Lin Xia
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, No. 438 Jiefang Road, Zhenjiang 212001, China
- Institute of Hematological Disease, Jiangsu University, No. 438 Jiefang Road, Zhenjiang 212001, China
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10
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Satitsuksanoa P, Iwasaki S, Boersma J, Imam MB, Schneider SR, Chang I, van de Veen W, Akdis M. B cells: The many facets of B cells in allergic diseases. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2023; 152:567-581. [PMID: 37247640 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2023.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
B cells play a key role in our immune system through their ability to produce antibodies, suppress a proinflammatory state, and contribute to central immune tolerance. We aim to provide an in-depth knowledge of the molecular biology of B cells, including their origin, developmental process, types and subsets, and functions. In allergic diseases, B cells are well known to induce and maintain immune tolerance through the production of suppressor cytokines such as IL-10. Similarly, B cells protect against viral infections such as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 that caused the recent coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. Considering the unique and multifaceted functions of B cells, we hereby provide a comprehensive overview of the current knowledge of B-cell biology and its clinical applications in allergic diseases, organ transplantation, and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pattraporn Satitsuksanoa
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zürich, Davos, Switzerland.
| | - Sayuri Iwasaki
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zürich, Davos, Switzerland; Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jolien Boersma
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zürich, Davos, Switzerland; Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Manal Bel Imam
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zürich, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Stephan R Schneider
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zürich, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Iris Chang
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zürich, Davos, Switzerland; Sean N. Parker Centre for Allergy and Asthma Research, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, Calif
| | - Willem van de Veen
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zürich, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Mübeccel Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zürich, Davos, Switzerland.
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11
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Sonkodi B, Marsovszky L, Csorba A, Balog A, Kopper B, Nagy ZZ, Resch MD. Neural Regeneration in Dry Eye Secondary to Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Is Also Disrupted like in Rheumatoid Arthritis, but in a Progressive Fashion. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10680. [PMID: 37445856 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Our objective in this study was to analyze the aberrant neural regeneration activity in the cornea by means of in vivo confocal microscopy in systemic lupus erythematosus patients with concurrent dry eye disease. We examined 29 systemic lupus erythematosus patients and 29 age-matched healthy control subjects. Corneal nerve fiber density (CNFD, the number of fibers/mm2) and peripheral Langerhans cell morphology were lower (p < 0.05) in systemic lupus erythematosus patients compared to the control group. Interestingly, corneal nerve branch density, corneal nerve fiber length, corneal nerve fiber total branch density, and corneal nerve fiber area showed a negative correlation with disease duration. A negative correlation was also demonstrated between average corneal nerve fiber density and central Langerhans cell density. This is in line with our hypothesis that corneal somatosensory terminal Piezo2 channelopathy-induced impaired Piezo2-Piezo1 crosstalk not only disrupts regeneration and keeps transcription activated, but could lead to Piezo1 downregulation and cell activation on Langerhans cells when we consider a chronic path. Hence, Piezo2 containing mechanosensory corneal nerves and dendritic Langerhans cells could also be regarded as central players in shaping the ocular surface neuroimmune homeostasis through the Piezo system. Moreover, lost autoimmune neuroinflammation compensation, lost phagocytic self-eating capacity, and lost transcription regulation, not to mention autoantibodies against vascular heparin sulfate proteoglycans and phospholipids, could all contribute to the progressive fashion of dry eye disease in systemic lupus erythematosus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balázs Sonkodi
- Department of Health Sciences and Sport Medicine, Hungarian University of Sports Science, 1123 Budapest, Hungary
| | - László Marsovszky
- Department of Ophthalmology, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anita Csorba
- Department of Ophthalmology, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Attila Balog
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Albert Szent-Györgyi Health Center, University of Szeged, 6725 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Bence Kopper
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Hungarian University of Sports Science, 1123 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Zsolt Nagy
- Department of Ophthalmology, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Miklós D Resch
- Department of Ophthalmology, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
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12
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Keller CW, Adamopoulos IE, Lünemann JD. Autophagy pathways in autoimmune diseases. J Autoimmun 2023; 136:103030. [PMID: 37001435 PMCID: PMC10709713 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2023.103030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy comprises a growing range of cellular pathways, which occupy central roles in response to energy deprivation, organelle turnover and proteostasis. Over the years, autophagy has been increasingly linked to governing several aspects of immunity, including host defence against various pathogens, unconventional secretion of cytokines and antigen presentation. While canonical autophagy-mediated antigen processing in thymic epithelial cells supports the generation of a self-tolerant CD4+ T cell repertoire, mounting evidence suggests that deregulated autophagy pathways contribute to or sustain autoimmune responses. In animal models of multiple sclerosis (MS), non-canonical autophagy pathways such as microtubule-associated protein 1 A/1 B-light chain 3 (LC3)-associated phagocytosis can contribute to major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II presentation of autoantigen, thereby amplifying autoreactive CD4+ T cell responses. In systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), increased type 1 interferon production is linked to excessive autophagy in plasmacytoid dendritic cells (DCs). In rheumatoid arthritis (RA), autophagy proteins contribute to pathological citrullination of autoantigen. Immunotherapies effective in autoimmune diseases modulate autophagy functions, and strategies harnessing autophagy pathways to restrain autoimmune responses have been developed. This review illustrates recent insights in how autophagy, distinct autophagy pathways and autophagy protein functions intersect with the evolution and progression of autoimmune diseases, focusing on MS, SLE and RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian W Keller
- Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, 48149, Germany
| | - Iannis E Adamopoulos
- Department of Rheumatology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jan D Lünemann
- Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, 48149, Germany.
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13
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Harsini S, Rezaei N. Autoimmune diseases. Clin Immunol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-818006-8.00001-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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14
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Oleinika K, Slisere B, Catalán D, Rosser EC. B cell contribution to immunometabolic dysfunction and impaired immune responses in obesity. Clin Exp Immunol 2022; 210:263-272. [PMID: 35960996 PMCID: PMC9384752 DOI: 10.1093/cei/uxac079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity increases the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, fatty liver disease, and cancer. It is also linked with more severe complications from infections, including COVID-19, and poor vaccine responses. Chronic, low-grade inflammation and associated immune perturbations play an important role in determining morbidity in people living with obesity. The contribution of B cells to immune dysregulation and meta-inflammation associated with obesity has been documented by studies over the past decade. With a focus on human studies, here we consolidate the observations demonstrating that there is altered B cell subset composition, differentiation, and function both systemically and in the adipose tissue of individuals living with obesity. Finally, we discuss the potential factors that drive B cell dysfunction in obesity and propose a model by which altered B cell subset composition in obesity underlies dysfunctional B cell responses to novel pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristine Oleinika
- Correspondence: Kristine Oleinika, Department of Internal Diseases, Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia.
| | - Baiba Slisere
- Department of Doctoral Studies, Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia
- Joint Laboratory, Pauls Stradins Clinical University Hospital, Riga, Latvia
| | - Diego Catalán
- Programa Disciplinario de Inmunología, ICBM, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Elizabeth C Rosser
- Centre for Adolescent Rheumatology Versus Arthritis at UCL, UCLH and GOSH and Department of Rheumatology, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
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15
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Ghobadinezhad F, Ebrahimi N, Mozaffari F, Moradi N, Beiranvand S, Pournazari M, Rezaei-Tazangi F, Khorram R, Afshinpour M, Robino RA, Aref AR, Ferreira LMR. The emerging role of regulatory cell-based therapy in autoimmune disease. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1075813. [PMID: 36591309 PMCID: PMC9795194 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1075813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune disease, caused by unwanted immune responses to self-antigens, affects millions of people each year and poses a great social and economic burden to individuals and communities. In the course of autoimmune disorders, including rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, type 1 diabetes mellitus, and multiple sclerosis, disturbances in the balance between the immune response against harmful agents and tolerance towards self-antigens lead to an immune response against self-tissues. In recent years, various regulatory immune cells have been identified. Disruptions in the quality, quantity, and function of these cells have been implicated in autoimmune disease development. Therefore, targeting or engineering these cells is a promising therapeutic for different autoimmune diseases. Regulatory T cells, regulatory B cells, regulatory dendritic cells, myeloid suppressor cells, and some subsets of innate lymphoid cells are arising as important players among this class of cells. Here, we review the roles of each suppressive cell type in the immune system during homeostasis and in the development of autoimmunity. Moreover, we discuss the current and future therapeutic potential of each one of these cell types for autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farbod Ghobadinezhad
- Student Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran,Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN) Office, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Nasim Ebrahimi
- Division of Genetics, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Mozaffari
- Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran
| | - Neda Moradi
- Division of Biotechnology, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Nourdanesh Institute of Higher Education, University of Meymeh, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sheida Beiranvand
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Mehran Pournazari
- Clinical Research Development Center, Imam Reza Hospital, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Rezaei-Tazangi
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Roya Khorram
- Bone and Joint Diseases Research Center, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Maral Afshinpour
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, United States
| | - Rob A. Robino
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States,Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States,Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Amir Reza Aref
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States,Xsphera Biosciences, Boston, MA, United States,*Correspondence: Leonardo M. R. Ferreira, ; Amir Reza Aref,
| | - Leonardo M. R. Ferreira
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States,Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States,Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States,*Correspondence: Leonardo M. R. Ferreira, ; Amir Reza Aref,
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16
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Satitsuksanoa P, Angelina A, Palomares O, Akdis M. Mechanisms in AIT: Insights 2021. Allergol Select 2022; 6:259-266. [PMID: 36457721 PMCID: PMC9707368 DOI: 10.5414/alx02300e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT) is currently the only treatment with potential long-term disease-modifying effects for patients suffering from allergic diseases such as allergic rhinitis, allergic asthma, venom allergy, or IgE-mediated food allergy. A better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying immune responses during successful AIT is of utmost importance and it may help to develop more effective and safer treatments. MATERIALS AND METHODS PubMed literature review was performed using keywords such as allergen-specific immunotherapy; regulatory T cells; regulatory B cells; regulatory innate lymphoid cells; and allergen-specific antibody from years 2018 to 2021. RESULTS The proposed mechanism of long-term tolerance induction in AIT, even upon treatment discontinuation, involves basophils, mast cells, innate lymphoid cells, dendritic cells, allergen-specific regulatory T and B cells, downregulation of effector type 2 responses, decrease in the production of IgE and increase in production of allergen-specific blocking antibodies, such as IgG2 and IgG4. CONCLUSION We summarize the most recent advances related to mechanisms involved in the restoration of healthy immune responses to allergens during AIT. Our knowledge in this regard has significantly improved over the last years, which might well contribute to design novel and improved therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pattraporn Satitsuksanoa
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland, and
- The authors contribute equally as first authors
| | - Alba Angelina
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Chemistry, Complutense University of Madrid, Spain
- The authors contribute equally as first authors
| | - Oscar Palomares
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Chemistry, Complutense University of Madrid, Spain
- The authors contribute equally as last authors
| | - Mübeccel Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland, and
- The authors contribute equally as last authors
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17
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Brailey PM, Evans L, López-Rodríguez JC, Sinadinos A, Tyrrel V, Kelly G, O'Donnell V, Ghazal P, John S, Barral P. CD1d-dependent rewiring of lipid metabolism in macrophages regulates innate immune responses. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6723. [PMID: 36344546 PMCID: PMC9640663 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34532-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Alterations in cellular metabolism underpin macrophage activation, yet little is known regarding how key immunological molecules regulate metabolic programs in macrophages. Here we uncover a function for the antigen presenting molecule CD1d in the control of lipid metabolism. We show that CD1d-deficient macrophages exhibit a metabolic reprogramming, with a downregulation of lipid metabolic pathways and an increase in exogenous lipid import. This metabolic rewiring primes macrophages for enhanced responses to innate signals, as CD1d-KO cells show higher signalling and cytokine secretion upon Toll-like receptor stimulation. Mechanistically, CD1d modulates lipid import by controlling the internalization of the lipid transporter CD36, while blocking lipid uptake through CD36 restores metabolic and immune responses in macrophages. Thus, our data reveal CD1d as a key regulator of an inflammatory-metabolic circuit in macrophages, independent of its function in the control of T cell responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip M Brailey
- The Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, King's College London, London, UK
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Lauren Evans
- The Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, King's College London, London, UK
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Juan Carlos López-Rodríguez
- The Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, King's College London, London, UK
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Anthony Sinadinos
- The Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, King's College London, London, UK
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | | | | | | | - Peter Ghazal
- School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Susan John
- The Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Patricia Barral
- The Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, King's College London, London, UK.
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK.
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18
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Michée-Cospolite M, Boudigou M, Grasseau A, Simon Q, Mignen O, Pers JO, Cornec D, Le Pottier L, Hillion S. Molecular Mechanisms Driving IL-10- Producing B Cells Functions: STAT3 and c-MAF as Underestimated Central Key Regulators? Front Immunol 2022; 13:818814. [PMID: 35359922 PMCID: PMC8961445 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.818814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulatory B cells (Bregs) have been highlighted in very different pathology settings including autoimmune diseases, allergy, graft rejection, and cancer. Improving tools for the characterization of Bregs has become the main objective especially in humans. Transitional, mature B cells and plasma cells can differentiate into IL-10 producing Bregs in both mice and humans, suggesting that Bregs are not derived from unique precursors but may arise from different competent progenitors at unrestricted development stages. Moreover, in addition to IL-10 production, regulatory B cells used a broad range of suppressing mechanisms to modulate the immune response. Although Bregs have been consistently described in the literature, only a few reports described the molecular aspects that control the acquisition of the regulatory function. In this manuscript, we detailed the latest reports describing the control of IL-10, TGFβ, and GZMB production in different Breg subsets at the molecular level. We focused on the understanding of the role of the transcription factors STAT3 and c-MAF in controlling IL-10 production in murine and human B cells and how these factors may represent an important crossroad of several key drivers of the Breg response. Finally, we provided original data supporting the evidence that MAF is expressed in human IL-10- producing plasmablast and could be induced in vitro following different stimulation cocktails. At steady state, we reported that MAF is expressed in specific human B-cell tonsillar subsets including the IgD+ CD27+ unswitched population, germinal center cells and plasmablast.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Divi Cornec
- U1227, LBAI, Univ Brest, Inserm, and CHU Brest, Brest, France
| | | | - Sophie Hillion
- U1227, LBAI, Univ Brest, Inserm, and CHU Brest, Brest, France
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19
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Lin Y, Chang T, Lin J, Sun C, Wei C, Zhao J, Liu R, Yang K, Li Z. Regulatory B Cells Are Decreased and Functionally Impaired in Myasthenia Gravis Patients. Front Neurol 2022; 13:808322. [PMID: 35295834 PMCID: PMC8918563 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.808322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an autoimmune disease mediated by B cells secreting autoantibodies. Regulatory B (Breg) cells confirmed to have an immunosuppressive function play an important role in many autoimmune diseases. However, what about the changes in Breg cells in the thymus and peripheral blood of MG patients? The changes in the proportion of Breg cells in the peripheral blood of 41 MG patients without any drug treatment and 30 healthy controls were detected by flow cytometry. We found that the proportions of CD19+ IL-10+ cells and CD19+CD24hiCD38hi cell subsets in MG patients were significantly lower than those in healthy controls. Then, we detected the proportion of CD19+ IL-10+ cells in thymus tissues of 10 healthy children, 4 healthy adults, and 12 MG patients by flow cytometry. However, the percentage of CD19+ IL-10+ cells was highest in healthy children (~8%), followed by healthy adults (~3%), and was lowest in MG patients (~0.5%). CD19+CD24hiCD38hi B cells exerted immunosuppressive functions in healthy people but were refractory in MG patients. Moreover, p-STAT3 downstream of CD40 may be impaired in CD24hiCD38hi B cells from the peripheral blood of MG patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Lin
- Department of Neurology, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
- Department of Neurology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ting Chang
- Department of Neurology, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jiaji Lin
- Department of Neurology, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
- Department of Radiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chenjing Sun
- Department of Neurology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Wei
- Department of Neurology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jiao Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Kun Yang
- Department of Immunology, Basic Medicine School, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
- Kun Yang
| | - Zhuyi Li
- Department of Neurology, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
- *Correspondence: Zhuyi Li
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20
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Seals MR, Moran MM, Leavenworth JD, Leavenworth JW. Contribution of Dysregulated B-Cells and IgE Antibody Responses to Multiple Sclerosis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:900117. [PMID: 35784370 PMCID: PMC9243362 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.900117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS), a debilitating autoimmune inflammatory disease that affects the brain and spinal cord, causes demyelination of neurons, axonal damage, and neurodegeneration. MS and the murine experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model have been viewed mainly as T-cell-mediated diseases. Emerging data have suggested the contribution of B-cells and autoantibodies to the disease progression. However, the underlying mechanisms by which dysregulated B-cells and antibody response promote MS and EAE remain largely unclear. Here, we provide an updated review of this specific subject by including B-cell biology and the role of B-cells in triggering autoimmune neuroinflammation with a focus on the regulation of antibody-producing B-cells. We will then discuss the role of a specific type of antibody, IgE, as it relates to the potential regulation of microglia and macrophage activation, autoimmunity and MS/EAE development. This knowledge can be utilized to develop new and effective therapeutic approaches to MS, which fits the scope of the Research Topic "Immune Mechanism in White Matter Lesions: Clinical and Pathophysiological Implications".
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Affiliation(s)
- Malik R Seals
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States.,Multidisciplinary Biomedical Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Monica M Moran
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States.,Graduate Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Jonathan D Leavenworth
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Jianmei W Leavenworth
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States.,Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States.,The O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
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21
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Jansen K, Cevhertas L, Ma S, Satitsuksanoa P, Akdis M, van de Veen W. Regulatory B cells, A to Z. Allergy 2021; 76:2699-2715. [PMID: 33544905 DOI: 10.1111/all.14763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
B cells play a central role in the immune system through the production of antibodies. During the past two decades, it has become increasingly clear that B cells also have the capacity to regulate immune responses through mechanisms that extend beyond antibody production. Several types of human and murine regulatory B cells have been reported that suppress inflammatory responses in autoimmune disease, allergy, infection, transplantation, and cancer. Key suppressive molecules associated with regulatory B-cell function include the cytokines IL-10, IL-35, and TGF-β as well as cell membrane-bound molecules such as programmed death-ligand 1, CD39, CD73, and aryl hydrocarbon receptor. Regulatory B cells can be induced by a range of different stimuli, including microbial products such as TLR4 or TLR9 ligands, inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6, IL-1β, and IFN-α, as well as CD40 ligation. This review provides an overview of our current knowledge on regulatory B cells. We discuss different types of regulatory B cells, the mechanisms through which they exert their regulatory functions, factors that lead to induction of regulatory B cells and their role in the alteration of inflammatory responses in different diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirstin Jansen
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF) University of Zurich Davos Switzerland
| | - Lacin Cevhertas
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF) University of Zurich Davos Switzerland
- Department of Medical Immunology Institute of Health SciencesBursa Uludag University Bursa Turkey
- Christine Kühne‐Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK‐CARE) Davos Switzerland
| | - Siyuan Ma
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF) University of Zurich Davos Switzerland
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery+ Beijing TongRen HospitalCapital Medical University Beijing China
| | | | - Mübeccel Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF) University of Zurich Davos Switzerland
| | - Willem van de Veen
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF) University of Zurich Davos Switzerland
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22
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Patients with Common Variable Immunodeficiency Complicated by Autoimmune Phenomena Have Lymphopenia and Reduced Treg, Th17, and NK Cells. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10153356. [PMID: 34362140 PMCID: PMC8348468 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10153356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Most patients with primary immune deficiency suffer from recurrent infections; however, paradoxical autoimmune phenomena can also manifest. The aim of this study was to identify immunological markers of autoimmune phenomena associated with common variable immunodeficiency (CVID). The study included 33 adults with CVID divided into two groups: (1) those with noninfectious autoimmune complications (CVID-C (n = 24)) and (2) those with only infectious symptoms (CVID-OI (n = 9)). Flow cytometry of peripheral blood was performed and compared with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients (n = 17) and healthy controls (n = 20). We found that all lymphocytes were lower in CVID-C and SLE. NK cells were lowest in CVID-C. Th17 cells were significantly reduced in CVID-C and SLE. Tregs were significantly lower in CVID-C and SLE. Bregs did not significantly differ between any groups. Class-switched memory B cells were significantly lower in CVID-C and CVID-OI. Lastly, plasmablasts were significantly higher in SLE. Among the T cell subsets, CVID-C patients had lower naive and recent thymic emigrant CD4+ T cells. In conclusion, reduced Treg, Th17, and NK cells are features of CVID with autoimmune complications, and class-switched memory B cells can help distinguish patients with different causes of autoimmunity. Future studies are needed to confirm whether reductions of Treg, Th17, and NK cells might be a biomarker of more complicated CVID cases.
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23
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Chulanetra M, Chaicumpa W. Revisiting the Mechanisms of Immune Evasion Employed by Human Parasites. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:702125. [PMID: 34395313 PMCID: PMC8358743 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.702125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
For the establishment of a successful infection, i.e., long-term parasitism and a complete life cycle, parasites use various diverse mechanisms and factors, which they may be inherently bestowed with, or may acquire from the natural vector biting the host at the infection prelude, or may take over from the infecting host, to outmaneuver, evade, overcome, and/or suppress the host immunity, both innately and adaptively. This narrative review summarizes the up-to-date strategies exploited by a number of representative human parasites (protozoa and helminths) to counteract the target host immune defense. The revisited information should be useful for designing diagnostics and therapeutics as well as vaccines against the respective parasitic infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monrat Chulanetra
- Center of Research Excellence on Therapeutic Proteins and Antibody Engineering, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Wanpen Chaicumpa
- Center of Research Excellence on Therapeutic Proteins and Antibody Engineering, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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24
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Zahran AM, Youssef MAM, Shafik EA, Zahran ZAM, El-Badawy O, Abo Elgheet AM, Elsayh KI. Downregulation of B regulatory cells and upregulation of T helper 1 cells in children with Gaucher disease undergoing enzyme replacement therapy. Immunol Res 2021; 68:73-80. [PMID: 32524332 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-020-09129-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Gaucher disease (GD) involves a broad spectrum of immunological cells, including T helper (Th) cells and regulatory B cells (Bregs), which function to resolve the immune response and inhibit excessive inflammation. This study aimed to explore T helper cells, B cells, and Bregs in GD children undergoing enzyme replacement therapy (ERT). Our study included 20 GD patients; six patients were categorized as type 1 and 14 as type 3 GD. All patients were on regular ERT. Twenty healthy children were enrolled as controls. All patients and controls were subjected to complete blood analysis, abdominal ultrasound, and flow cytometric detection of T helper cells, B cells, and Bregs. Despite undergoing ERT, CD4+ T helper lymphocytes and Bregs were still significantly lower in patients with GD compared with the controls. Th1 and B cells were more in the patients than in the healthy controls. Lower levels of Bregs were found in type 3, compared with type 1 patients. Increased platelet count was directly associated with increased levels of Bregs and lower levels of B cells. Elevated children's height was also accompanied by decreasing levels of Th1. Our results propose that ERT in GD is associated with partial improvement in immune status, and long-term ERT might be needed for the restoration of the desired immune response levels. Levels of Bregs and Th1 can be employed for monitoring improvement of immune status in GD patients undergoing ERT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa M Zahran
- Department of Clinical Pathology, South Egypt Cancer Institute, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Mervat A M Youssef
- Children's Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Engy Adel Shafik
- Department of Clinical Pathology, South Egypt Cancer Institute, Assiut, Egypt
| | | | - Omnia El-Badawy
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.
| | - Amir M Abo Elgheet
- Children's Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Khalid I Elsayh
- Children's Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
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25
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Rosser EC, Mauri C. The emerging field of regulatory B cell immunometabolism. Cell Metab 2021; 33:1088-1097. [PMID: 34077716 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2021.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
B cells are well known as critical mediators of humoral immune responses via the production of antibodies. However, numerous studies have also identified populations of B cells that are characterized by their anti-inflammatory properties. These "regulatory B cells" restrain excessive inflammatory responses in a wide range of health conditions. A significant knowledge gap remains concerning the nature of the signals that determine whether a B cell exerts a pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory function. In this perspective, we explore the concept that in addition to the cytokine microenvironment, intracellular and extracellular metabolic signals play a pivotal role in controlling the balance between regulatory and antibody-producing B cell subsets. Determining the metabolites and tissue-specific signals that influence B cell fate could establish novel therapeutic targets for the treatment of diseases where abnormal B cell responses contribute to pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth C Rosser
- Centre for Adolescent Rheumatology Versus Arthritis at University College London, University College London Hospital and Great Ormond Street Hospital, University College London, London, UK; Centre for Rheumatology Research, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK.
| | - Claudia Mauri
- Division of Infection, Immunity and Transplantation, University College London, London, UK
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26
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Kang S, Kang J, Shen H, Wu N. Advances in regulatory B cells in autoimmune thyroid diseases. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 96:107770. [PMID: 34020391 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Regulatory B cells (Bregs) are a subset of B cells that can downregulate the immune and inflammatory responses. The development of B cells in humans and mice is differs. The Positioning and targeted regulation of Bregs has a positive effect on autoimmune diseases. Autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) is a common autoimmune disease. This review introduces the history and origins of Bregs. It summarizes the different phenotypes and functionalities of Breg cells related to AITD and analyzes the reasons for the differences in Breg expression frequencies in Graves disease (GD) and Hashimoto's Thyroiditis (HT). A number of functional defects of regulatory B cells may be the newly discovered cause of AITD. This paper sheds new light on the role and prospects of Bregs in the progression and treatment of AITD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoyang Kang
- Student Affairs Department, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, People's Republic of China
| | - Junning Kang
- Student Affairs Department, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, People's Republic of China
| | - Haitao Shen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, People's Republic of China.
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Catalán D, Mansilla MA, Ferrier A, Soto L, Oleinika K, Aguillón JC, Aravena O. Immunosuppressive Mechanisms of Regulatory B Cells. Front Immunol 2021; 12:611795. [PMID: 33995344 PMCID: PMC8118522 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.611795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulatory B cells (Bregs) is a term that encompasses all B cells that act to suppress immune responses. Bregs contribute to the maintenance of tolerance, limiting ongoing immune responses and reestablishing immune homeostasis. The important role of Bregs in restraining the pathology associated with exacerbated inflammatory responses in autoimmunity and graft rejection has been consistently demonstrated, while more recent studies have suggested a role for this population in other immune-related conditions, such as infections, allergy, cancer, and chronic metabolic diseases. Initial studies identified IL-10 as the hallmark of Breg function; nevertheless, the past decade has seen the discovery of other molecules utilized by human and murine B cells to regulate immune responses. This new arsenal includes other anti-inflammatory cytokines such IL-35 and TGF-β, as well as cell surface proteins like CD1d and PD-L1. In this review, we examine the main suppressive mechanisms employed by these novel Breg populations. We also discuss recent evidence that helps to unravel previously unknown aspects of the phenotype, development, activation, and function of IL-10-producing Bregs, incorporating an overview on those questions that remain obscure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Catalán
- Programa Disciplinario de Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Instituto Milenio en Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Santiago, Chile
| | - Miguel Andrés Mansilla
- Programa Disciplinario de Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ashley Ferrier
- Programa Disciplinario de Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Instituto Milenio en Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Santiago, Chile
| | - Lilian Soto
- Programa Disciplinario de Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Unidad de Dolor, Hospital Clínico, Universidad de Chile (HCUCH), Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Juan Carlos Aguillón
- Programa Disciplinario de Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Octavio Aravena
- Programa Disciplinario de Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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28
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Zhu Q, Rui K, Wang S, Tian J. Advances of Regulatory B Cells in Autoimmune Diseases. Front Immunol 2021; 12:592914. [PMID: 33936028 PMCID: PMC8082147 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.592914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
With the ability to induce T cell activation and elicit humoral responses, B cells are generally considered as effectors of the immune system. However, the emergence of regulatory B cells (Bregs) has given new insight into the role of B cells in immune responses. Bregs exhibit immunosuppressive functions via diverse mechanisms, including the secretion of anti-inflammatory cytokines and direct cell contact. The balance between Bregs and effector B cells is important for the immune tolerance. In this review, we focus on recent advances in the characteristics of Bregs and their functional roles in autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiugang Zhu
- Department of Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Ke Rui
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Shengjun Wang
- Department of Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Jie Tian
- Department of Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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29
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Oliveria JP, Agayby R, Gauvreau GM. Regulatory and IgE + B Cells in Allergic Asthma. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2270:375-418. [PMID: 33479910 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1237-8_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Allergic asthma is triggered by inhalation of environmental allergens resulting in bronchial constriction and inflammation, which leads to clinical symptoms such as wheezing, coughing, and difficulty breathing. Asthmatic airway inflammation is initiated by inflammatory mediators released by granulocytic cells. However, the immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibody is necessary for the initiation of the allergic cascade, and IgE is produced and released exclusively by memory B cells and plasma cells. Acute allergen exposure has also been shown to increase IgE levels in the airways of patients diagnosed with allergic asthma; however, more studies are needed to understand local airway inflammation. Additionally, regulatory B cells (Bregs) have been shown to modulate IgE-mediated inflammatory processes in allergic asthma pathogenesis, particularly in mouse models of allergic airway disease. However, the levels and function of these IgE+ B cells and Bregs remain to be elucidated in human models of asthma. The overall objective for this chapter is to provide detailed methodological, and insightful technological advances to study the biology of B cells in allergic asthma pathogenesis. Specifically, we will describe how to investigate the frequency and function of IgE+ B cells and Bregs in allergic asthma, and the kinetics of these cells after allergen exposure in a human asthma model.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Paul Oliveria
- School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Respirology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Rita Agayby
- Department of Medicine, Division of Respirology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Gail M Gauvreau
- Department of Medicine, Division of Respirology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
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30
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Wang X, Lin X, Zheng Z, Lu B, Wang J, Tan AHM, Zhao M, Loh JT, Ng SW, Chen Q, Xiao F, Huang E, Ko KH, Huang Z, Li J, Kok KH, Lu G, Liu X, Lam KP, Liu W, Zhang Y, Yuen KY, Mak TW, Lu L. Host-derived lipids orchestrate pulmonary γδ T cell response to provide early protection against influenza virus infection. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1914. [PMID: 33772013 PMCID: PMC7997921 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22242-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Innate immunity is important for host defense by eliciting rapid anti-viral responses and bridging adaptive immunity. Here, we show that endogenous lipids released from virus-infected host cells activate lung γδ T cells to produce interleukin 17 A (IL-17A) for early protection against H1N1 influenza infection. During infection, the lung γδ T cell pool is constantly supplemented by thymic output, with recent emigrants infiltrating into the lung parenchyma and airway to acquire tissue-resident feature. Single-cell studies identify IL-17A-producing γδ T (Tγδ17) cells with a phenotype of TCRγδhiCD3hiAQP3hiCXCR6hi in both infected mice and patients with pneumonia. Mechanistically, host cell-released lipids during viral infection are presented by lung infiltrating CD1d+ B-1a cells to activate IL-17A production in γδ T cells via γδTCR-mediated IRF4-dependent transcription. Reduced IL-17A production in γδ T cells is detected in mice either lacking B-1a cells or with ablated CD1d in B cells. Our findings identify a local host-immune crosstalk and define important cellular and molecular mediators for early innate defense against lung viral infection.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, CD1d/immunology
- Antigens, CD1d/metabolism
- Female
- Host-Pathogen Interactions/immunology
- Humans
- Immunity, Innate/immunology
- Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/immunology
- Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/physiology
- Influenza, Human/immunology
- Influenza, Human/metabolism
- Influenza, Human/virology
- Interferon Regulatory Factors/immunology
- Interferon Regulatory Factors/metabolism
- Interleukin-17/immunology
- Interleukin-17/metabolism
- Lipids/immunology
- Lung/immunology
- Lung/metabolism
- Lung/virology
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, Transgenic
- Orthomyxoviridae Infections/immunology
- Orthomyxoviridae Infections/metabolism
- Orthomyxoviridae Infections/virology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/immunology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/metabolism
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Wang
- Department of Pathology and Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
- Department of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Xiang Lin
- Department of Pathology and Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zihan Zheng
- Chongqing International Institute for Immunology, Chongqing, China
| | - Bingtai Lu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Andy Hee-Meng Tan
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Meng Zhao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Center for Life Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Institute for Immunology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Tong Loh
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sze Wai Ng
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Qian Chen
- Department of Pathology and Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Fan Xiao
- Department of Pathology and Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Enyu Huang
- Department of Pathology and Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - King-Hung Ko
- Department of Pathology and Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhong Huang
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jingyi Li
- Chongqing International Institute for Immunology, Chongqing, China
| | - Kin-Hang Kok
- Department of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Gen Lu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohui Liu
- National Protein Science Facility, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Kong-Peng Lam
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wanli Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Center for Life Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Institute for Immunology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuxia Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kwok-Yung Yuen
- Department of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tak Wah Mak
- Department of Pathology and Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- The Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research at Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Liwei Lu
- Department of Pathology and Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
- Chongqing International Institute for Immunology, Chongqing, China.
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31
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Implication of TIGIT + human memory B cells in immune regulation. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1534. [PMID: 33750787 PMCID: PMC7943800 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21413-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulatory B cells (Bregs) contribute to immune regulation. However, the mechanisms of action of Bregs remain elusive. Here, we report that T cell immunoreceptor with Ig and ITIM domains (TIGIT) expressed on human memory B cells especially CD19+CD24hiCD27+CD39hiIgD-IgM+CD1c+ B cells is essential for effective immune regulation. Mechanistically, TIGIT on memory B cells controls immune response by directly acting on T cells and by arresting proinflammatory function of dendritic cells, resulting in the suppression of Th1, Th2, Th17, and CXCR5+ICOS+ T cell response while promoting immune regulatory function of T cells. TIGIT+ memory B cells are also superior to other B cells at expressing additional inhibitory molecules, including IL-10, TGFβ1, granzyme B, PD-L1, CD39/CD73, and TIM-1. Lack or decrease of TIGIT+ memory B cells is associated with increased donor-specific antibody and TFH response, and decreased Treg response in renal and liver allograft patients. Therefore, TIGIT+ human memory B cells play critical roles in immune regulation.
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32
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Mauri
- Division of Infection and Immunity and Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, University College London, London, UK
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33
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New insights into regulatory B cells biology in viral, bacterial, and parasitic infections. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2021; 89:104753. [PMID: 33545392 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2021.104753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
B lymphocytes are primarily well known for their contribution to immunity by antibody production, antigen presentation and, the production of cytokines. In recent years several studies demonstrated the existence of B cells with regulatory functions, which have been termed regulatory B cells (Bregs), similar to regulatory T cells (Tregs). Bregs are a subpopulation of B cells that have immunosuppressive effects via the production of regulatory cytokines including interleukin-10 (IL-10), transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), and IL-35. Bregs limit host defense against various pathogens. In addition, Bregs contribute to increased levels of regulatory cytokines and leads to an induction of suppressive Tregs, which exert broader suppressive functions against various pathogens. The high percentage of Bregs is positively associated with viral and bacterial load and can contribute to poor vaccine responses. Bregs can also facilitate pathogen survival at an early stage of infection, and subsequently cause increased severity of disease by inhibiting pro-inflammatory cytokine production, macrophage activation, and inflammatory T cells activation such as Th1, Th17, and Th22. Also, Bregs afford protection against the hyper-inflammatory response in parasitic infections. Here we review the central role of Bregs in many major bacterial and viral human infections, and provide an overview of the immunoregulatory mechanisms used by Bregs.
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34
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Menon M, Hussell T, Ali Shuwa H. Regulatory B cells in respiratory health and diseases. Immunol Rev 2021; 299:61-73. [PMID: 33410165 PMCID: PMC7986090 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
B cells are critical mediators of humoral immune responses in the airways through antibody production, antigen presentation, and cytokine secretion. In addition, a subset of B cells, known as regulatory B cells (Bregs), exhibit immunosuppressive functions via diverse regulatory mechanisms. Bregs modulate immune responses via the secretion of IL‐10, IL‐35, and tumor growth factor‐β (TGF‐β), and by direct cell contact. The balance between effector and regulatory B cell functions is critical in the maintenance of immune homeostasis. The importance of Bregs in airway immune responses is emphasized by the different respiratory disorders associated with abnormalities in Breg numbers and function. In this review, we summarize the role of immunosuppressive Bregs in airway inflammatory diseases and highlight the importance of this subset in the maintenance of respiratory health. We propose that improved understanding of signals in the lung microenvironment that drive Breg differentiation can provide novel therapeutic avenues for improved management of respiratory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhvi Menon
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Infection, Immunity & Respiratory Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Tracy Hussell
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Infection, Immunity & Respiratory Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Halima Ali Shuwa
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Infection, Immunity & Respiratory Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
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35
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Reading the room: iNKT cells influence B cell responses. Mol Immunol 2020; 130:49-54. [PMID: 33360376 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2020.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Rapid immune responses regulated by invariant Natural Killer T (iNKT) cells bridge the gap between innate and adaptive responses to pathogens, while also providing key regulation to maintain immune homeostasis. iNKT immune protection and immune regulation are both mediated through interactions with innate and adaptive B cell populations that express CD1d. Recent studies have expanded our understanding of the position of iNKT cells at the fulcrum between regulating inflammatory and autoreactive B cells. Environmental signals influence iNKT cells to set the tone for subsequent adaptive responses, ranging from maintaining homeostasis as an iNKT regulatory cell (iNKTreg) or supporting pathogen-specific effector B cells as an iNKT follicular helper (iNKTFH). Here we review recent advances in iNKT and B cell cooperation during autoimmunity and sterile inflammation. Understanding the nature of the interactions between iNKT and B cells will enable the development of clinical interventions to strategically target regulatory iNKT and B cell populations or inflammatory ones, across a range of indications.
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36
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Ma S, Satitsuksanoa P, Jansen K, Cevhertas L, van de Veen W, Akdis M. B regulatory cells in allergy. Immunol Rev 2020; 299:10-30. [PMID: 33345311 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
B cells have classically been recognized for their unique and indispensable role in the production of antibodies. Their potential as immunoregulatory cells with anti-inflammatory functions has received increasing attention during the last two decades. Herein, we highlight pioneering studies in the field of regulatory B cell (Breg) research. We will review the literature on Bregs with a particular focus on their role in the regulation of allergic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Ma
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland.,Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | | | - Kirstin Jansen
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Lacin Cevhertas
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland.,Department of Medical Immunology, Institute of Health Sciences, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Willem van de Veen
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Mübeccel Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
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37
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Patel J, Borucki R, Werth VP. An Update on the Pathogenesis of Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus and Its Role in Clinical Practice. Curr Rheumatol Rep 2020; 22:69. [PMID: 32845411 DOI: 10.1007/s11926-020-00946-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Understanding the pathogenesis of cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE) is an important step in developing new medications and providing effective treatment to patients. This review focuses on novel research within CLE pathogenesis, as well as some of the medications being developed based on this knowledge. RECENT FINDINGS The subtle differences between systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and CLE pathogenesis are highlighted by differences in the circulating immune cells found in each disease, as well as the specific pathways activated by ultraviolet light. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells and the related type I interferon pathway are major components of CLE pathogenesis, and as such, therapies targeting components of this pathway have been successful in recent clinical trials. B cell-depleting therapies have shown success in SLE; however, their role in CLE is less clear. Understanding the differences between these manifestations of lupus allows for the development of therapies that are more effective in skin-specific disease. Discovering key pathways in CLE pathogenesis is critical for understanding the clinical features of the disease and ultimately developing new and effective therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay Patel
- Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VAMC, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Robert Borucki
- Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VAMC, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Victoria P Werth
- Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VAMC, Philadelphia, PA, USA. .,Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA. .,Department of Dermatology, Perelman Center for Advanced Medicine, Suite 1-330A, 3400 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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38
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Ran Z, Yue-Bei L, Qiu-Ming Z, Huan Y. Regulatory B Cells and Its Role in Central Nervous System Inflammatory Demyelinating Diseases. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1884. [PMID: 32973780 PMCID: PMC7468432 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulatory B (Breg) cells represent a population of suppressor B cells that participate in immunomodulatory processes and inhibition of excessive inflammation. The regulatory function of Breg cells have been demonstrated in mice and human with inflammatory diseases, cancer, after transplantation, and particularly in autoinflammatory disorders. In order to suppress inflammation, Breg cells produce anti-inflammatory mediators, induce death ligand-mediated apoptosis, and regulate many kinds of immune cells such as suppressing the proliferation and differentiation of effector T cell and increasing the number of regulatory T cells. Central nervous system Inflammatory demyelinating diseases (CNS IDDs) are a heterogeneous group of disorders, which occur against the background of an acute or chronic inflammatory process. With the advent of monoclonal antibodies directed against B cells, breakthroughs have been made in the treatment of CNS IDDs. Therefore, the number and function of B cells in IDDs have attracted attention. Meanwhile, increasing number of studies have confirmed that Breg cells play a role in alleviating autoimmune diseases, and treatment with Breg cells has also been proposed as a new therapeutic direction. In this review, we focus on the understanding of the development and function of Breg cells and on the diversification of Breg cells in CNS IDDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Ran
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Luo Yue-Bei
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zeng Qiu-Ming
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yang Huan
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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39
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The establishment of long-term clinical tolerance in AIT requires the involvement of basophils, mast cells, allergen-specific regulatory T and B cells, downregulation of effector type 2 responses, and increase in production of specific IgG, particularly immunglobulin G4 (IgG4) antibodies. This review aims to provide an overview of the role of B cells in AIT, their mechanism of action, and their potential for improving AIT. RECENT FINDINGS In-depth research of B cells has paved the way for improved diagnosis and research on allergic diseases. B cells play a central role in allergy and allergen tolerance through the production of immunglobulin E (IgE)-blocking antibodies. However, an increasing body of evidence has emerged supporting a role for B cells in regulating immune responses that extends beyond the production of antibodies. Regulatory B cells play an important role in immunosuppression, mediated by secretion of anti-inflammatory cytokines. SUMMARY Successful AIT establishes the reinstatement of immune tolerance toward allergens, reduces allergic symptoms, and improves clinical treatments in patients. B cells play a central role in this process through antibody-independent immune regulatory processes in addition to the production of IgE-blocking antibodies.
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40
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Bacteroides fragilis alleviates the symptoms of lupus nephritis via regulating CD1d and CD86 expressions in B cells. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 884:173421. [PMID: 32721450 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Emerging evidences indicated that the dysbiosis of microbiota was related to the onset of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Bacteroides fragilis (B. fragilis) ATCC 25285, a human commensal, was discovered to improve inflammatory diseases. However, whether B. fragilis (ATCC 25285) has the beneficial effects on the treatment of lupus nephritis has still remained elusive. In the present study, oral treatment with B. fragilis (ATCC 25285) ameliorated the activity of MRL/lpr mice, including decreased levels of autoantibodies and symptoms of lupus nephritis. Furthermore, we demonstrated that treatment with B. fragilis (ATCC 25285) could promote CD1d expression in B cells by Est-1 pathway, while inhibit CD86 expression via SHP-2 signaling pathway to repair the immune response of B cells in MRL/lpr mice. In addition, our findings revealed a possible role of treatment with B. fragilis (ATCC 25285) in relieving intestinal inflammation in MRL/lpr mice. Meanwhile, it was uncovered that B. fragilis (ATCC 25285) restored the Th17/Treg balance in MRL/lpr mice that was consistent with the role of B. fragilis in other autoimmune diseases. Overall, the current study may highlight the potential application of B. fragilis (ATCC 25285) to treat manifestations of SLE in high-risk individuals.
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41
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Cai S, Chandraker A. Cell Therapy in Solid Organ Transplantation. Curr Gene Ther 2020; 19:71-80. [PMID: 31161989 DOI: 10.2174/1566523219666190603103840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Transplantation is the only cure for end-stage organ failure. Current immunosuppressive drugs have two major limitations: 1) non antigen specificity, which increases the risk of cancer and infection diseases, and 2) chronic toxicity. Cell therapy appears to be an innovative and promising strategy to minimize the use of immunosuppression in transplantation and to improve long-term graft survival. Preclinical studies have shown efficacy and safety of using various suppressor cells, such as regulatory T cells, regulatory B cells and tolerogenic dendritic cells. Recent clinical trials using cellbased therapies in solid organ transplantation also hold out the promise of improving efficacy. In this review, we will briefly go over the rejection process, current immunosuppressive drugs, and the potential therapeutic use of regulatory cells in transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songjie Cai
- Transplantation Research Center, Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 221 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Anil Chandraker
- Transplantation Research Center, Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 221 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, United States
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42
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Magatti M, Masserdotti A, Bonassi Signoroni P, Vertua E, Stefani FR, Silini AR, Parolini O. B Lymphocytes as Targets of the Immunomodulatory Properties of Human Amniotic Mesenchymal Stromal Cells. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1156. [PMID: 32582218 PMCID: PMC7295987 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) from the amniotic membrane of human term placenta (hAMSC), and the conditioned medium generated from their culture (CM-hAMSC) offer significant tools for their use in regenerative medicine mainly due to their immunomodulatory properties. Interestingly, hAMSC and their CM have been successfully exploited in preclinical disease models of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases where depletion or modulation of B cells have been indicated as an effective treatment, such as inflammatory bowel disease, lung fibrosis, would healing, collagen-induced arthritis, and multiple sclerosis. While the interactions between hAMSC or CM-hAMSC and T lymphocytes, monocytes, dendritic cells, and macrophages has been extensively explored, how they affect B lymphocytes remains unclear. Considering that B cells are key players in the adaptive immune response and are a central component of different diseases, in this study we investigated the in vitro properties of hAMSC and CM-hAMSC on B cells. We provide evidence that both hAMSC and CM-hAMSC strongly suppressed CpG-activated B-cell proliferation. Moreover, CM-hAMSC blocked B-cell differentiation, with an increase of the proportion of mature B cells, and a reduction of antibody secreting cell formation. We observed the strong inhibition of B cell terminal differentiation into CD138+ plasma cells, as further shown by a significant decrease of the expression of interferon regulatory factor 4 (IRF-4), PR/SET domain 1(PRDM1), and X-box binding protein 1 (XBP-1) genes. Our results point out that the mechanism by which CM-hAMSC impacts B cell proliferation and differentiation is mediated by secreted factors, and prostanoids are partially involved in these actions. Factors contained in the CM-hAMSC decreased the CpG-uptake sensors (CD205, CD14, and TLR9), suggesting that B cell stimulation was affected early on. CM-hAMSC also decreased the expression of interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase (IRAK)-4, consequently inhibiting the entire CpG-induced downstream signaling pathway. Overall, these findings add insight into the mechanism of action of hAMSC and CM-hAMSC and are useful to better design their potential therapeutic application in B-cell mediated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Magatti
- Centro di Ricerca E. Menni, Fondazione Poliambulanza Istituto Ospedaliero, Brescia, Italy
| | - Alice Masserdotti
- Department of Life Science and Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Elsa Vertua
- Centro di Ricerca E. Menni, Fondazione Poliambulanza Istituto Ospedaliero, Brescia, Italy
| | | | - Antonietta Rosa Silini
- Centro di Ricerca E. Menni, Fondazione Poliambulanza Istituto Ospedaliero, Brescia, Italy
| | - Ornella Parolini
- Centro di Ricerca E. Menni, Fondazione Poliambulanza Istituto Ospedaliero, Brescia, Italy.,Department of Life Science and Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
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43
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Park Y, Lim J, Kim SY, Kwon GC, Koo SH, Kim J. Changes of frequency and expression level of CD161 in CD8
+
T cells and natural killer T cells in peripheral blood of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Microbiol Immunol 2020; 64:532-539. [DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.12798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yumi Park
- Department of Laboratory MedicineKonyang University College of Medicine Daejeon Republic of Korea
- Department of Laboratory MedicineKonyang University Hospital Daejeon Republic of Korea
| | - Jinsook Lim
- Department of Laboratory MedicineChungnam National University Hospital Daejeon Republic of Korea
| | - Seon Young Kim
- Department of Laboratory MedicineChungnam National University Hospital Daejeon Republic of Korea
| | - Gye Cheol Kwon
- Department of Laboratory MedicineChungnam National University Hospital Daejeon Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Hoe Koo
- Department of Laboratory MedicineChungnam National University Hospital Daejeon Republic of Korea
| | - Jimyung Kim
- Department of Laboratory MedicineChungnam National University Hospital Daejeon Republic of Korea
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Zaimoku Y, Patel BA, Kajigaya S, Feng X, Alemu L, Quinones Raffo D, Groarke EM, Young NS. Deficit of circulating CD19 + CD24 hi CD38 hi regulatory B cells in severe aplastic anaemia. Br J Haematol 2020; 190:610-617. [PMID: 32311088 PMCID: PMC7496711 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.16651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Immune aplastic anaemia (AA) is caused by cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) that destroy haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. Enhanced type 1 T helper (Th1) responses and reduced regulatory T cells (Tregs) are involved in the immune pathophysiology. CD24hiCD38hi regulatory B cells (Bregs) suppress CTLs and Th1 responses, and induce Tregs via interleukin 10 (IL‐10). We investigated circulating B‐cell subpopulations, including CD24hiCD38hi Bregs, as well as total B cells, CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells and natural killer cells in 104 untreated patients with severe and very severe AA, aged ≥18 years. All patients were treated with standard immunosuppressive therapy (IST) plus eltrombopag. CD24hiCD38hi Bregs were markedly reduced in patients with AA compared to healthy individuals, especially in very severe AA, but residual Bregs remained functional, capable of producing IL‐10; total B‐cell counts and the other B‐cell subpopulations were similar to those of healthy individuals. CD24hiCD38hi Bregs did not correlate with responses to IST, and they recovered to levels present in healthy individuals after therapy. Mature naïve B‐cell counts were unexpectedly associated with IST response. Markedly reduced CD24hiCD38hi Bregs, especially in very severe AA, with recovery after IST suggest Breg deficits may contribute to the pathophysiology of immune AA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshitaka Zaimoku
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Bhavisha A Patel
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sachiko Kajigaya
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Xingmin Feng
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lemlem Alemu
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Diego Quinones Raffo
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Emma M Groarke
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Neal S Young
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
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45
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Combined proinflammatory cytokine and cognate activation of invariant natural killer T cells enhances anti-DNA antibody responses. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:9054-9063. [PMID: 32295878 PMCID: PMC7183147 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1920463117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
iNKT cells can both provide help and inhibit B cell responses. Our data show that when iNKT cells are activated with the glycolipid agonist αGalCer together with the inflammatory cytokine IL-18, they switch from regulating autoreactive B cells to promoting their expansion. As a consequence, autoreactive B cell responses remain unchecked by iNKT cells. The glycolipid αGalCer has been shown to have promising effects when administered as an adjuvant to achieve a better response to vaccines, as an antitumor agent, as well as in the regulation of autoimmunity. Our results highlight a facet of αGalCer-mediated iNKT cell activation in the context of inflammation and have broad implications for understanding the regulation of autoimmunity and use of αGalCer in therapy. Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells serve as early rapid responders in the innate immune response to self-derived autoantigens and pathogen-derived danger signals and antigens. iNKT cells can serve both as helpers for effector B cells and negatively regulate autoreactive B cells. Specifically, iNKT cells drive B cell proliferation, class switch, and antibody production to induce primary antigen-specific immune responses. On the other hand, inflammasome-mediated activation drives accumulation of neutrophils, which license iNKT cells to negatively regulate autoreactive B cells via Fas ligand (FasL). This positions iNKT cells at an apex to support or inhibit B cell responses in inflammation. However, it is unknown which effector mechanism dominates in the face of cognate glycolipid activation during chronic inflammation, as might result from glycolipid vaccination or infection during chronic autoimmune disease. We stimulated iNKT cells by cognate glycolipid antigen α-galactosylceramide (αGalCer) and measured B cell activation during interleukin 18 (IL-18)-induced chronic inflammation. Moreover, glycolipid-activated iNKT cells increased the serum concentration of autoantibodies, frequency of germinal center (GC) B cells, and antigen-specific plasma cells induced during chronic IL-18–mediated inflammation, as compared with IL-18 alone. Further, activation of iNKT cells via cognate glycolipid during IL-18–mediated inflammation overrides the licensing function of neutrophils, instead inducing iNKT follicular helper (iNKTfh) cells that in turn promote autoimmunity. Thus, our data demonstrate that glycolipids which engage iNKT cells support antigen-specific B cell help during inflammasome-mediated inflammation.
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46
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Ascui G, Gálvez-Jirón F, Kramm K, Schäfer C, Siña J, Pola V, Cristi F, Hernández C, Garrido-Tapia M, Pesce B, Bustamante M, Fluxá P, Molina MC, Ribeiro CH. Decreased invariant natural killer T-cell-mediated antitumor immune response in patients with gastric cancer. Immunol Cell Biol 2020; 98:500-513. [PMID: 32189398 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is the third most common cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells are innate-like cytotoxic T lymphocytes involved in tumor immune surveillance. They can be activated either through CD1d-presented glycolipid antigens recognized by their invariant T-cell receptor, cytokines or by sensing tumor-associated stress-induced ligands through the natural killer group 2, member D (NKG2D) receptor. Although the number and functionality of iNKT cells may be decreased in several types of cancer, here we show that GC patients presented a mild increase in iNKT cell frequencies and numbers in the blood compared with healthy donors. In GC patients, iNKT cells, expanded in vitro with α-galactosyl ceramide and stimulated with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate and ionomycin, produced higher levels of interleukin-2 and transforming growth factor-beta, while their capacity to degranulate remained preserved. Because tumor-derived epithelial cell adhesion molecule-positive epithelial cells did not display surface CD1d, and NKG2D ligands (NKG2DLs) were detected in the gastric tumor milieu, we envisioned a role for NKG2D in iNKT cell functions. Peripheral iNKT cells from GC patients and controls presented similar levels of NKG2D; nevertheless, the percentages of interferon-γ-producing and CD107a-positive iNKT cells from patients were reduced upon challenge with CD1d-negative, NKG2DL-positive K562 cells, suggesting a compromised response by iNKT cells in GC patients, which may not result from impaired NKG2D/NKG2DL signaling. The decreased response of iNKT cells may explain the fact that higher frequencies of circulating iNKT cells did not confer a survival benefit for GC patients. Therefore, functional impairment of iNKT cells in GC may contribute to tumor immune escape and favor disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Ascui
- Laboratory of Cancer Immunoediting, Immunology Program, Biomedical Sciences Institute (ICBM), School of Medicine of University of Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Felipe Gálvez-Jirón
- Laboratory of Cancer Immunoediting, Immunology Program, Biomedical Sciences Institute (ICBM), School of Medicine of University of Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Karina Kramm
- Laboratory of Cancer Immunoediting, Immunology Program, Biomedical Sciences Institute (ICBM), School of Medicine of University of Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Carolina Schäfer
- Laboratory of Cancer Immunoediting, Immunology Program, Biomedical Sciences Institute (ICBM), School of Medicine of University of Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Josefina Siña
- Laboratory of Cancer Immunoediting, Immunology Program, Biomedical Sciences Institute (ICBM), School of Medicine of University of Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Víctor Pola
- Laboratory of Cancer Immunoediting, Immunology Program, Biomedical Sciences Institute (ICBM), School of Medicine of University of Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Francisca Cristi
- Laboratory of Cancer Immunoediting, Immunology Program, Biomedical Sciences Institute (ICBM), School of Medicine of University of Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Carolina Hernández
- Laboratory of Immune Surveillance and Immune Evasion, Immunology Program, Biomedical Sciences Institute (ICBM), School of Medicine of University of Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Macarena Garrido-Tapia
- Laboratory of Immune Surveillance and Immune Evasion, Immunology Program, Biomedical Sciences Institute (ICBM), School of Medicine of University of Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Bárbara Pesce
- MED.UCHILE-FACS Laboratory, Biomedical Sciences Institute (ICBM), School of Medicine of University of Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Marco Bustamante
- Department of Surgery (Oriente), Hospital del Salvador, University of Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Paula Fluxá
- Department of Surgery (Oriente), Hospital del Salvador, University of Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - María C Molina
- Laboratory of Immune Surveillance and Immune Evasion, Immunology Program, Biomedical Sciences Institute (ICBM), School of Medicine of University of Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile.,Centro de InmunoBiotecnología, Immunology Program, Biomedical Sciences Institute (ICBM), School of Medicine of University of Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Carolina H Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Cancer Immunoediting, Immunology Program, Biomedical Sciences Institute (ICBM), School of Medicine of University of Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile
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47
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Zhou Y, Zhang Y, Han J, Yang M, Zhu J, Jin T. Transitional B cells involved in autoimmunity and their impact on neuroimmunological diseases. J Transl Med 2020; 18:131. [PMID: 32183811 PMCID: PMC7079408 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-020-02289-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Transitional B cells (TrB cells) represent a crucial link between immature B cells in the bone marrow and mature peripheral B cells. Although TrB cells represent one of the regulatory B cell subpopulations in healthy individuals, the frequency of CD24hiCD38hi TrB cells in circulation may be altered in individuals with autoimmune diseases, such as multiple sclerosis, neuromyelitisoptica spectrum disorders, systemic lupus erythematosus, Sjögren’s syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic sclerosis, and juvenile dermatomyositis. Although TrB cells play regulatory roles under inflammatory conditions, consequences of their functional impairment vary across autoimmune diseases. Since the origin, development, and function of TrB cells, especially in humans, remain unclear and controversial, this review aimed to discuss the characteristics of TrB cells at steady state and explore their role in various immune diseases, including autoimmune rheumatic diseases and neuroimmunological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhou
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Xinmin Street 71#, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Xinmin Street 71#, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Jinming Han
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Xinmin Street 71#, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Mengge Yang
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Xinmin Street 71#, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Jie Zhu
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Xinmin Street 71#, Changchun, 130021, China.,Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tao Jin
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Xinmin Street 71#, Changchun, 130021, China.
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48
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Patel AJ, Richter A, Drayson MT, Middleton GW. The role of B lymphocytes in the immuno-biology of non-small-cell lung cancer. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2020; 69:325-342. [PMID: 31901949 PMCID: PMC7044257 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-019-02461-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Tumour-infiltrating immune cells have been widely implicated to play a significant role in carcinogenesis, through both pro- or anti-tumour effects. The multi-faceted effects of lung cancer associated T lymphocytes have been extensively studied, and yet, the role of B lymphocytes remains an area less studied. In this review, we will describe the current understanding of the role of tumour-infiltrating B lymphocytes in NSCLC, discuss their prognostic significance, their functionality within the tumour microenvironment and ultimately how we might harness B-cell biology to develop B-cell therapeutic strategies in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshay J Patel
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy (III), College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Vincent Drive, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Alex Richter
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy (III), College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Vincent Drive, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Mark T Drayson
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy (III), College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Vincent Drive, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Gary W Middleton
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy (III), College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Vincent Drive, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
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49
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Frasca D, Diaz A, Romero M, Garcia D, Jayram D, Thaller S, del Carmen Piqueras M, Bhattacharya S, Blomberg BB. Identification and Characterization of Adipose Tissue-Derived Human Antibodies With "Anti-self" Specificity. Front Immunol 2020; 11:392. [PMID: 32184790 PMCID: PMC7058997 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously shown that the human obese adipose tissue (AT) contributes to increased secretion of adipocyte-specific IgG antibodies in individuals with obesity. This occurs without any exogenous stimulation, because the ongoing process of cell death in the obese AT leads to the release of "self" antigens able to induce chronic stimulation of B cells. We have identified several mechanisms responsible for the release of "self" antigens, such as hypoxia, cell cytotoxicity, and DNA damage. In this paper, we confirm and extend our initial observation on a different cohort of individuals, and we show that also the plasma of these individuals is enriched in IgG antibodies with specificities for adipocyte-derived antigens. Adipocyte-specific IgG secreted in the obese AT are significantly correlated with those present in plasma. Using immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry, we have identified these antigenic specificities. The antigens are almost exclusively intracellular or cell-associated, usually not recognized as "self" antigens, but they are released by cells dying in the AT. We also show for the first time that the adipocytes in the obese AT contribute to the secretion of IgG autoimmune antibodies and this seems to be due to their expression of the antigen-presenting molecules CD1d and, to a much lesser extent, MHC class II, as our mechanistic experiments performed in mice have shown. These results may lead to the development of novel therapeutic strategies to control autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Frasca
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
- Miami Integrative Metabolomics Research Center (MIMRC), University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Alain Diaz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Maria Romero
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Denisse Garcia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Diya Jayram
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Seth Thaller
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Maria del Carmen Piqueras
- Miami Integrative Metabolomics Research Center (MIMRC), University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Sanjoy Bhattacharya
- Miami Integrative Metabolomics Research Center (MIMRC), University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Bonnie B. Blomberg
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
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50
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Wang Y, Qin Y, Wang X, Zhang L, Wang J, Xu X, Chen H, Hsu HT, Zhang M. Decrease in the proportion of CD24 hi CD38 hi B cells and impairment of their regulatory capacity in type 1 diabetes patients. Clin Exp Immunol 2020; 200:22-32. [PMID: 31849037 DOI: 10.1111/cei.13408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
B10 cells restore immune balance by producing interleukin (IL)-10. Impaired B10 cell responses are related to numerous autoimmune diseases. However, the function of B10 cells in type 1 diabetes (T1D) patients is controversial. We hypothesized that there are numerical and functional defects of B10 cells in T1D. Sixty-two patients with T1D and 74 healthy volunteers were included in our study. We showed that B10 cells in human peripheral blood belong to a CD24hi CD38hi B cell subpopulation. CD24hi CD38hi B cells from healthy individuals possessed regulatory capacity, suppressed interferon (IFN)-γ, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and IL-17A production and promoted IL-4 production and forkhead box protein 3 (FoxP3) expression in CD4+ T cells through an IL-10-dependent mechanism. Compared to healthy controls, B10 cell percentages in T1D were significantly lower (5·6 ± 3·5 versus 6·9 ± 3·3%; P < 0·05), produced less IL-10 (15·4 ± 4·3 versus 29·0 ± 4·5%; P < 0·001) and lacked regulatory capacity. In addition, Pearson's correlation analysis showed that the frequency of circulating B10 cells was negatively correlated with the frequency of CD4+ IFN-γ+ and CD4+ TNF-α+ T cells (r = -0·248 and r = -0·283, P = 0·008 and P = 0·017, respectively), positively correlating with the frequency of CD4+ CD25+ FoxP3+ T cells (r = 0·247, P = 0·001). These data offer direct proof that there is a deficiency of circulating CD24hi CD38hi B cells in peripheral blood of patients with T1D, which participate in the T1D immune imbalance involved in the development of T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Y Qin
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - X Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - L Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - J Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - X Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - H Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - H-T Hsu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - M Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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