1
|
Lee JS, Oh E, Oh H, Kim S, Ok S, Sa J, Lee JH, Shin YC, Bae YS, Choi CY, Lee S, Kwon HK, Yang S, Choi WI. Tacrolimus-loaded chitosan-based nanoparticles as an efficient topical therapeutic for the effective treatment of atopic dermatitis symptoms. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 273:133005. [PMID: 38866268 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic cutaneous disease with a complex underlying mechanism, and it cannot be completely cured. Thus, most treatment strategies for AD aim at relieving the symptoms. Although corticosteroids are topically applied to alleviate AD, adverse side effects frequently lead to the withdrawal of AD therapy. Tacrolimus (TAC), a calcineurin inhibitor, has been used to treat AD, but its high molecular weight and insolubility in water hinder its skin permeability. Herein, we developed and optimized TAC-loaded chitosan-based nanoparticles (TAC@CNPs) to improve the skin permeability of TAC by breaking the tight junctions in the skin. The prepared nanoparticles were highly loadable and efficient and exhibited appropriate characteristics for percutaneous drug delivery. TAC@CNP was stable for 4 weeks under physiological conditions. CNP released TAC in a controlled manner, with enhanced skin penetration observed. In vitro experiments showed that CNP was non-toxic to keratinocyte (HaCaT) cells, and TAC@CNP dispersed in an aqueous solution was as anti-proliferative as TAC solubilized in a good organic solvent. Importantly, an in vivo AD mouse model revealed that topical TAC@CNP containing ~1/10 of the dose of TAC found in commercially used Protopic® Ointment exhibited similar anti-inflammatory activity to that of the commercial product. TAC@CNP represents a potential therapeutic strategy for the management of AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Sil Lee
- Center for Bio-Healthcare Materials, Bio-Convergence Materials R&D Division, Korea Institute of Ceramic Engineering and Technology, 202, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28160, Republic of Korea; School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Cheomdan-gwagiro, 123, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunjeong Oh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeryeon Oh
- Center for Bio-Healthcare Materials, Bio-Convergence Materials R&D Division, Korea Institute of Ceramic Engineering and Technology, 202, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28160, Republic of Korea; School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Cheomdan-gwagiro, 123, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunghyun Kim
- Center for Bio-Healthcare Materials, Bio-Convergence Materials R&D Division, Korea Institute of Ceramic Engineering and Technology, 202, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Subin Ok
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Junseo Sa
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Yong Chul Shin
- SKINMED Co Ltd., Daejeon 34028, Republic of Korea; Amicogen Inc, 64 Dongburo 1259, Jinsung, Jinju 52621, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Soo Bae
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol Yong Choi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangho Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Keun Kwon
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Sciences, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea.
| | - Siyoung Yang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea.
| | - Won Il Choi
- Center for Bio-Healthcare Materials, Bio-Convergence Materials R&D Division, Korea Institute of Ceramic Engineering and Technology, 202, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28160, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Mantilla Valdivieso EF, Ross EM, Raza A, Nguyen L, Hayes BJ, Jonsson NN, James P, Tabor AE. Expression network analysis of bovine skin infested with Rhipicephalus australis identifies pro-inflammatory genes contributing to tick susceptibility. Sci Rep 2024; 14:4419. [PMID: 38388834 PMCID: PMC10884027 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54577-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The skin is the primary feeding site of ticks that infest livestock animals such as cattle. The highly specialised functions of skin at the molecular level may be a factor contributing to variation in susceptibility to tick infestation; but these remain to be well defined. The aim of this study was to investigate the bovine skin transcriptomic profiles of tick-naïve and tick-infested cattle and to uncover the gene expression networks that influence contrasting phenotypes of host resistance to ticks. RNA-Seq data was obtained from skin of Brangus cattle with high (n = 5) and low (n = 6) host resistance at 0 and 12 weeks following artificial tick challenge with Rhipicephalus australis larvae. No differentially expressed genes were detected pre-infestation between high and low resistance groups, but at 12-weeks there were 229 differentially expressed genes (DEGs; FDR < 0.05), of which 212 were the target of at least 1866 transcription factors (TFs) expressed in skin. Regulatory impact factor (RIF) analysis identified 158 significant TFs (P < 0.05) of which GRHL3, and DTX1 were also DEGs in the experiment. Gene term enrichment showed the significant TFs and DEGs were enriched in processes related to immune response and biological pathways related to host response to infectious diseases. Interferon Type 1-stimulated genes, including MX2, ISG15, MX1, OAS2 were upregulated in low host resistance steers after repeated tick challenge, suggesting dysregulated wound healing and chronic inflammatory skin processes contributing to host susceptibility to ticks. The present study provides an assessment of the bovine skin transcriptome before and after repeated tick challenge and shows that the up-regulation of pro-inflammatory genes is a prominent feature in the skin of tick-susceptible animals. In addition, the identification of transcription factors with high regulatory impact provides insights into the potentially meaningful gene-gene interactions involved in the variation of phenotypes of bovine host resistance to ticks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily F Mantilla Valdivieso
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, Centre for Animal Science, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Elizabeth M Ross
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, Centre for Animal Science, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia.
| | - Ali Raza
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, Centre for Animal Science, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Loan Nguyen
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, Centre for Animal Science, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Ben J Hayes
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, Centre for Animal Science, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Nicholas N Jonsson
- Institute of Biodiversity One Health and Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK.
| | - Peter James
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, Centre for Animal Science, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Ala E Tabor
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, Centre for Animal Science, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia.
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Roth-Walter F, Berni Canani R, O'Mahony L, Peroni D, Sokolowska M, Vassilopoulou E, Venter C. Nutrition in chronic inflammatory conditions: Bypassing the mucosal block for micronutrients. Allergy 2024; 79:353-383. [PMID: 38084827 DOI: 10.1111/all.15972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Nutritional Immunity is one of the most ancient innate immune responses, during which the body can restrict nutrients availability to pathogens and restricts their uptake by the gut mucosa (mucosal block). Though this can be a beneficial strategy during infection, it also is associated with non-communicable diseases-where the pathogen is missing; leading to increased morbidity and mortality as micronutritional uptake and distribution in the body is hindered. Here, we discuss the acute immune response in respect to nutrients, the opposing nutritional demands of regulatory and inflammatory cells and particularly focus on some nutrients linked with inflammation such as iron, vitamins A, Bs, C, and other antioxidants. We propose that while the absorption of certain micronutrients is hindered during inflammation, the dietary lymph path remains available. As such, several clinical trials investigated the role of the lymphatic system during protein absorption, following a ketogenic diet and an increased intake of antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals, in reducing inflammation and ameliorating disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Roth-Walter
- Comparative Medicine, The Interuniversity Messerli Research Institute of the University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University Vienna and University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Roberto Berni Canani
- Department of Translational Medical Science and ImmunoNutritionLab at CEINGE-Advanced Biotechnologies, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Liam O'Mahony
- Department of Medicine, School of Microbiology, APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Diego Peroni
- Section of Paediatrics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Milena Sokolowska
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zürich, Davos, Switzerland
- Christine Kühne - Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK-CARE), Davos, Switzerland
| | - Emilia Vassilopoulou
- Pediatric Area, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda-Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, International Hellenic University, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Carina Venter
- Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yang BG, Kim AR, Lee D, An SB, Shim YA, Jang MH. Degranulation of Mast Cells as a Target for Drug Development. Cells 2023; 12:1506. [PMID: 37296626 PMCID: PMC10253146 DOI: 10.3390/cells12111506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Mast cells act as key effector cells of inflammatory responses through degranulation. Mast cell degranulation is induced by the activation of cell surface receptors, such as FcεRI, MRGPRX2/B2, and P2RX7. Each receptor, except FcεRI, varies in its expression pattern depending on the tissue, which contributes to their differing involvement in inflammatory responses depending on the site of occurrence. Focusing on the mechanism of allergic inflammatory responses by mast cells, this review will describe newly identified mast cell receptors in terms of their involvement in degranulation induction and patterns of tissue-specific expression. In addition, new drugs targeting mast cell degranulation for the treatment of allergy-related diseases will be introduced.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Gie Yang
- Research Institute, GI Biome Inc., Seongnam 13201, Republic of Korea; (A.-R.K.); (D.L.); (S.B.A.)
| | - A-Ram Kim
- Research Institute, GI Biome Inc., Seongnam 13201, Republic of Korea; (A.-R.K.); (D.L.); (S.B.A.)
| | - Dajeong Lee
- Research Institute, GI Biome Inc., Seongnam 13201, Republic of Korea; (A.-R.K.); (D.L.); (S.B.A.)
| | - Seong Beom An
- Research Institute, GI Biome Inc., Seongnam 13201, Republic of Korea; (A.-R.K.); (D.L.); (S.B.A.)
| | - Yaein Amy Shim
- Research Institute, GI Innovation Inc., Songpa-gu, Seoul 05855, Republic of Korea;
| | - Myoung Ho Jang
- Research Institute, GI Innovation Inc., Songpa-gu, Seoul 05855, Republic of Korea;
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Di Nardo A, Chang YL, Alimohammadi S, Masuda-Kuroki K, Wang Z, Sriram K, Insel PA. Mast cell tolerance in the skin microenvironment to commensal bacteria is controlled by fibroblasts. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112453. [PMID: 37120813 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Activation and degranulation of mast cells (MCs) is an essential aspect of innate and adaptive immunity. Skin MCs, the most exposed to the external environment, are at risk of quickly degranulating with potentially severe consequences. Here, we define how MCs assume a tolerant phenotype via crosstalk with dermal fibroblasts (dFBs) and how this phenotype reduces unnecessary inflammation when in contact with beneficial commensal bacteria. We explore the interaction of human MCs (HMCs) and dFBs in the human skin microenvironment and test how this interaction controls MC inflammatory response by inhibiting the nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) pathway. We show that the extracellular matrix hyaluronic acid, as the activator of the regulatory zinc finger (de)ubiquitinating enzyme A20/tumor necrosis factor α-induced protein 3 (TNFAIP3), is responsible for the reduced HMC response to commensal bacteria. The role of hyaluronic acid as an anti-inflammatory ligand on MCs opens new avenues for the potential treatment of inflammatory and allergic disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Di Nardo
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
| | - Yu-Ling Chang
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Shahrzad Alimohammadi
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Kana Masuda-Kuroki
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Zhenping Wang
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Krishna Sriram
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Paul A Insel
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Cavagnero KJ, Gallo RL. Essential immune functions of fibroblasts in innate host defense. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1058862. [PMID: 36591258 PMCID: PMC9797514 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1058862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The term fibroblast has been used generally to describe spindle-shaped stromal cells of mesenchymal origin that produce extracellular matrix, establish tissue structure, and form scar. Current evidence has found that cells with this morphology are highly heterogeneous with some fibroblastic cells actively participating in both innate and adaptive immune defense. Detailed analysis of barrier tissues such as skin, gut, and lung now show that some fibroblasts directly sense pathogens and other danger signals to elicit host defense functions including antimicrobial activity, leukocyte recruitment, and production of cytokines and lipid mediators relevant to inflammation and immunosuppression. This review will synthesize current literature focused on the innate immune functions performed by fibroblasts at barrier tissues to highlight the previously unappreciated importance of these cells in immunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Richard L. Gallo
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Identification and Expression Pattern of cyp26b1 Gene in Gonad of the Chinese Tongue Sole ( Cynoglossus semilaevis). Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12192652. [PMID: 36230393 PMCID: PMC9559488 DOI: 10.3390/ani12192652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary In fish, it is obvious that the asynchronous development of the gonads and sexual dimorphism limit the development of aquaculture, so the research into sex-differentiation and gonadal growth is very important. Due to the sexual reversal phenomenon (genetic females becoming phenotypic males), the Chinese tongue sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis) is a great model for investigating sex-differentiation. Herein, we report one gene involved in sex-differentiation and gonadal growth of the Chinese Tongue Sole. The gene cyp26b1 (cytochrome P450 family 26 subfamily b member 1) is a metabolizing Retinoic Acid (RA) enzyme. Since it regulates RA to control sex determination and differentiation, cyp26b1 is considered a critical part of mammals’ ovary-antagonizing and testis-determining downstream passageway of Sry (sex-determining region Y) and Sox9 (sry-box transcription factor 9). In fish, the related research is reported only on the Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) and zebrafish (Danio rerio). In the current investigation, the identification and expression pattern of the cyp26b1 gene in the Chinese tongue sole suggested that cyp26b1 might impact sex-differentiation and gonadal development. Abstract As an RA-metabolizing enzyme, cyp26b1 has a substantial impact on RA-signaling pathways. The cyp26b1 gene from the Chinese tongue sole was cloned and identified in this investigation. The cyp26b1 ORF was 1536 bp in length and encoded a 512 amino acid protein. A quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) indicated that the cyp26b1 expression is no significant sexual dimorphism in the gonads at the 80 days post-hatching (dph) stages. After 4 months post-hatching (mph), the expression of cyp26b1 showed sexual dimorphism and lower level of expression in the ovaries than in the testes. An in situ hybridization demonstrated that cyp26b1 mRNA was primarily located in the testis. Interestingly, the cyp26b1 mRNA probe was also detected in the ovaries. These results suggested that cyp26b1 participates in the sex-differentiation and gonadal development of the Chinese tongue sole.
Collapse
|
8
|
Matsuoka I, Yoshida K, Ito MA. Purinergic regulation of mast cell function: P2X4 receptor-mediated enhancement of allergic responses. J Pharmacol Sci 2022; 150:94-99. [PMID: 36055757 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2022.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) initially attracted attention as a neurotransmitter, with much research conducted on the regulation of neurotransmission in the autonomic and central nervous systems. ATP is also abundant as an energy currency in all living cells and is released into extracellular spaces by various regulated mechanisms. The role of ATP and related purine and pyrimidine nucleotides as extracellular signaling molecules in the regulation of immune cell functions has been reported as evidence for purinergic signaling and has become the focus of attention as therapeutic targets for various diseases. Mast cells (MCs) are distributed in tissues in contact with the outside environment and are the first immune cells to respond to non-microbial environmental antigens. Although extracellular ATP is known as an activator of MCs, the details remain to be investigated. Based on our series of studies, this review describes the unique features of ionotropic P2X4 receptor signals in MC functions. The role of purinergic signaling may exist in combination with various physiological, chemical and physical stimuli. The characteristics of P2X4 receptor-mediated action in MCs described in this article may provide clues to reveal the previously unknown effects induced by purinergic signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isao Matsuoka
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Takasaki University of Health and Welfare, Takasaki-shi, Gunma 370-0033, Japan.
| | - Kazuki Yoshida
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Takasaki University of Health and Welfare, Takasaki-shi, Gunma 370-0033, Japan
| | - Masa-Aki Ito
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Takasaki University of Health and Welfare, Takasaki-shi, Gunma 370-0033, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zhang Z, Ernst PB, Kiyono H, Kurashima Y. Utilizing mast cells in a positive manner to overcome inflammatory and allergic diseases. Front Immunol 2022; 13:937120. [PMID: 36189267 PMCID: PMC9518231 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.937120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) are immune cells widely distributed in the body, accompanied by diverse phenotypes and functions. Committed mast cell precursors (MCPs) leave the bone marrow and enter the blood circulation, homing to peripheral sites under the control of various molecules from different microenvironments, where they eventually differentiate and mature. Partly attributable to the unique maturation mechanism, MCs display high functional heterogeneity and potentially plastic phenotypes. High plasticity also means that MCs can exhibit different subtypes to cope with different microenvironments, which we call “the peripheral immune education system”. Under the peripheral immune education system, MCs showed a new character from previous cognition in some cases, namely regulation of allergy and inflammation. In this review, we focus on the mucosal tissues, such as the gastrointestinal tract, to gain insights into the mechanism underlying the migration of MCs to the gut or other organs and their heterogeneity, which is driven by different microenvironments. In particular, the immunosuppressive properties of MCs let us consider that positively utilizing MCs may be a new way to overcome inflammatory and allergic disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongwei Zhang
- Department of Innovative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Peter B Ernst
- Division of Comparative Pathology and Medicine, Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
- Center for Veterinary Sciences and Comparative Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Chiba University-University of California San Diego Center for Mucosal Immunology, Allergy and Vaccine (CU-UCSD), University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Hiroshi Kiyono
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Chiba University-University of California San Diego Center for Mucosal Immunology, Allergy and Vaccine (CU-UCSD), University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
- Future Medicine Education and Research Organization, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
- Division of Mucosal Immunology, IMSUT Distinguished Professor Unit, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Human Mucosal Vaccinology, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan
- HanaVax Inc., Tokyo, Japan
- Mucosal Immunology and Allergy Therapeutics, Institute for Global Prominent Research, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
- Research Institute of Disaster Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yosuke Kurashima
- Department of Innovative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
- Division of Mucosal Immunology, IMSUT Distinguished Professor Unit, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Mucosal Immunology and Allergy Therapeutics, Institute for Global Prominent Research, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
- Research Institute of Disaster Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
- Institute for Advanced Academic Research, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
- Empowering Next Generation Allergist/immunologist toward Global Excellence Task Force toward 2030 (ENGAGE)-Task Force, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
West PW, Bulfone-Paus S. Mast cell tissue heterogeneity and specificity of immune cell recruitment. Front Immunol 2022; 13:932090. [PMID: 35967445 PMCID: PMC9374002 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.932090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mast cells occupy a unique niche within tissues as long lived perpetrators of IgE mediated hypersensitivity and anaphylaxis, as well as other immune responses. However, mast cells are not identical in different tissues and the impact of this tissue heterogeneity on the interaction with other immune cells and on defined immune responses is still unclear. In this review, we synthesize the characteristics of mast cell heterogeneity in the gut and the skin. Furthermore, we attempt to connect mast cell heterogeneity with functional diversity by exploring differences in mast cell-induced immune cell recruitment in these two model organs. The differential expression of certain receptors on mast cells of different tissues, notably tissue-specific expression patterns of integrins, complement receptors and MRGPRX2, could indicate that tissue environment-dependent factors skew mast cell-immune cell interactions, for example by regulating the expression of these receptors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Silvia Bulfone-Paus
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Toyoshima S, Okayama Y. Neuro-allergology: Mast cell-nerve cross-talk. Allergol Int 2022; 71:288-293. [PMID: 35688775 DOI: 10.1016/j.alit.2022.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) are derived from hematopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow, and their maturation is regulated by the tissue environment, such as the skin, lung and gut, leading to host defense. Peripheral nerve fibers located in various tissues are involved in diverse physiological and pathological processes. Anatomical relationships between MCs and nerve fibers were reported to have been observed in various organs. Moreover, MCs are positive for a large number of receptors for classical neurotransmitters (e.g., acetylcholine and corticotropin-releasing hormone) and neuropeptides (e.g., substance P, calcitonin gene-related peptides and hemokinin), and MC's functions are regulated by those nerve-derived factors. Also, histamine and proteases produced and released by MCs modulate nerve fiber functions. This functional cross-talk between MCs and nerve fibers can play physiological and pathological roles. MCs are key effector cells of allergic inflammation, such as atopic dermatitis, airway inflammation and food allergy. Here, we summarize and discuss the molecular mechanisms underlying the functional and anatomical cross-talk between MCs and nerve fibers in allergic inflamed tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shota Toyoshima
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan; Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshimichi Okayama
- Allergy and Immunology Research Project Team, Research Institute of Medical Science, Center for Medical Education, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Center for Allergy, Nihon University Itabashi Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Tissue Niches Formed by Intestinal Mesenchymal Stromal Cells in Mucosal Homeostasis and Immunity. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23095181. [PMID: 35563571 PMCID: PMC9100044 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23095181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract is the largest mucosal surface in our body and accommodates the majority of the total lymphocyte population. Being continuously exposed to both harmless antigens and potentially threatening pathogens, the intestinal mucosa requires the integration of multiple signals for balancing immune responses. This integration is certainly supported by tissue-resident intestinal mesenchymal cells (IMCs), yet the molecular mechanisms whereby IMCs contribute to these events remain largely undefined. Recent studies using single-cell profiling technologies indicated a previously unappreciated heterogeneity of IMCs and provided further knowledge which will help to understand dynamic interactions between IMCs and hematopoietic cells of the intestinal mucosa. In this review, we focus on recent findings on the immunological functions of IMCs: On one hand, we discuss the steady-state interactions of IMCs with epithelial cells and hematopoietic cells. On the other hand, we summarize our current knowledge about the contribution of IMCs to the development of intestinal inflammatory conditions, such as infections, inflammatory bowel disease, and fibrosis. By providing a comprehensive list of cytokines and chemokines produced by IMCs under homeostatic and inflammatory conditions, we highlight the significant immunomodulatory and tissue niche forming capacities of IMCs.
Collapse
|
13
|
Liu M, Zhang Y, Xu Q, Liu G, Sun N, Che H, He T. Apigenin Inhibits the Histamine-Induced Proliferation of Ovarian Cancer Cells by Downregulating ERα/ERβ Expression. Front Oncol 2021; 11:682917. [PMID: 34568014 PMCID: PMC8456091 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.682917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Apigenin (APG), a natural flavonoid, can affect the development of a variety of tumors, but its role in ovarian cancer remains unclear. There has been an increasing amount of evidence supporting the vital role played by mast cells and the bioactive mediators they release, as components of the tumor microenvironment, in the progression of ovarian cancer (OC); however, the mechanism warrants further exploration. Methods and Results In this study, a combination of transcriptomics analysis and application of TCGA database was performed, and we found that the expression of genes related to mast cell degranulation in ovarian cancer tissues changed remarkably. We then explored whether histamine, a major constituent of mast cell degranulation, could affect the development of ovarian cancer through immunohistochemistry analysis and cell proliferation assays. The results showed that a certain concentration of histamine promoted the proliferation of ovarian cancer cells by upregulating the expression of estrogen receptor α (ERα)/estrogen receptor β (ERβ). Additionally, we found that the inhibition of ERα or the activation of ERβ could inhibit the proliferation of ovarian cancer cells induced by histamine through real-time PCR and western blot assays. Finally, we demonstrated the attenuation effect imparted by apigenin in histamine-mediated ovarian cancer via the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Conclusion Our research revealed that apigenin decelerated ovarian cancer development by downregulating ER-mediated PI3K/AKT/mTOR expression, thus providing evidence of its applicability as a potentially effective therapeutic agent for ovarian cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manman Liu
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yani Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiqi Xu
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Guirong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Na Sun
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Huilian Che
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Protein and Cereal Processing, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Tao He
- Zhongguancun International Medical Inspection and Certification Co. Ltd, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Zhang Z, Kurashima Y. Two Sides of the Coin: Mast Cells as a Key Regulator of Allergy and Acute/Chronic Inflammation. Cells 2021; 10:cells10071615. [PMID: 34203383 PMCID: PMC8308013 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well known that mast cells (MCs) initiate type I allergic reactions and inflammation in a quick response to the various stimulants, including—but not limited to—allergens, pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). MCs highly express receptors of these ligands and proteases (e.g., tryptase, chymase) and cytokines (TNF), and other granular components (e.g., histamine and serotonin) and aggravate the allergic reaction and inflammation. On the other hand, accumulated evidence has revealed that MCs also possess immune-regulatory functions, suppressing chronic inflammation and allergic reactions on some occasions. IL-2 and IL-10 released from MCs inhibit excessive immune responses. Recently, it has been revealed that allergen immunotherapy modulates the function of MCs from their allergic function to their regulatory function to suppress allergic reactions. This evidence suggests the possibility that manipulation of MCs functions will result in a novel approach to the treatment of various MCs-mediated diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongwei Zhang
- Department of Innovative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8670, Japan;
| | - Yosuke Kurashima
- Department of Innovative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8670, Japan;
- Department of Mucosal Immunology, The University of Tokyo Distinguished Professor Unit, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
- International Research and Development Center for Mucosal Vaccines, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
- CU-UCSD Center for Mucosal Immunology, Department of Pathology/Medicine, Allergy and Vaccines, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093-0063, USA
- Mucosal Immunology and Allergy Therapeutics, Institute for Global Prominent Research, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-43-226-2848; Fax: +81-43-226-2183
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Voss M, Kotrba J, Gaffal E, Katsoulis-Dimitriou K, Dudeck A. Mast Cells in the Skin: Defenders of Integrity or Offenders in Inflammation? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094589. [PMID: 33925601 PMCID: PMC8123885 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) are best-known as key effector cells of immediate-type allergic reactions that may even culminate in life-threatening anaphylactic shock syndromes. However, strategically positioned at the host–environment interfaces and equipped with a plethora of receptors, MCs also play an important role in the first-line defense against pathogens. Their main characteristic, the huge amount of preformed proinflammatory mediators embedded in secretory granules, allows for a rapid response and initiation of further immune effector cell recruitment. The same mechanism, however, may account for detrimental overshooting responses. MCs are not only detrimental in MC-driven diseases but also responsible for disease exacerbation in other inflammatory disorders. Focusing on the skin as the largest immune organ, we herein review both beneficial and detrimental functions of skin MCs, from skin barrier integrity via host defense mechanisms to MC-driven inflammatory skin disorders. Moreover, we emphasize the importance of IgE-independent pathways of MC activation and their role in sustained chronic skin inflammation and disease exacerbation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Voss
- Medical Faculty, Institute for Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Otto-Von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany; (M.V.); (J.K.); (K.K.-D.)
| | - Johanna Kotrba
- Medical Faculty, Institute for Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Otto-Von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany; (M.V.); (J.K.); (K.K.-D.)
| | - Evelyn Gaffal
- Laboratory for Experimental Dermatology, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany;
| | - Konstantinos Katsoulis-Dimitriou
- Medical Faculty, Institute for Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Otto-Von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany; (M.V.); (J.K.); (K.K.-D.)
| | - Anne Dudeck
- Medical Faculty, Institute for Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Otto-Von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany; (M.V.); (J.K.); (K.K.-D.)
- Health Campus Immunology, Infectiology and Inflammation, Otto-Von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Takasato Y, Kurashima Y, Kiuchi M, Hirahara K, Murasaki S, Arai F, Izawa K, Kaitani A, Shimada K, Saito Y, Toyoshima S, Nakamura M, Fujisawa K, Okayama Y, Kunisawa J, Kubo M, Takemura N, Uematsu S, Akira S, Kitaura J, Takahashi T, Nakayama T, Kiyono H. Orally desensitized mast cells form a regulatory network with Treg cells for the control of food allergy. Mucosal Immunol 2021; 14:640-651. [PMID: 33299086 PMCID: PMC8075951 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-020-00358-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Oral immunotherapy (OIT) is an effective approach to controlling food allergy. Although the detailed molecular and cellular mechanisms of OIT are unknown currently, they must be understood to advance the treatment of allergic diseases in general. To elucidate the mechanisms of OIT, especially during the immunological transition from desensitization to allergy regulation, we generated a clinical OIT murine model and used it to examine immunological events of OIT. We found that in mice that completed OIT successfully, desensitized mast cells (MCs) showed functionally beneficial alterations, such as increased induction of regulatory cytokines and enhanced expansion of regulatory T cells. Importantly, these regulatory-T-cell-mediated inhibitions of allergic responses were dramatically decreased in mice lacking OIT-induced desensitized MC. Collectively, these findings show that the desensitization process modulates the activation of MCs, leading directly to enhanced induction of regulatory-T-cell expansion and promotion of clinical allergic unresponsiveness. Our results suggest that efficiently inducing regulatory MCs is a novel strategy for the treatment of allergic disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Takasato
- grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XDepartment of Mucosal Immunology, The University of Tokyo Distinguished Professor Unit, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 108-8639 Japan ,grid.26091.3c0000 0004 1936 9959Department of Pediatrics, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 160-8582 Japan
| | - Yosuke Kurashima
- grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XDepartment of Mucosal Immunology, The University of Tokyo Distinguished Professor Unit, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 108-8639 Japan ,grid.136304.30000 0004 0370 1101Department of Innovative Medicine and Mucosal Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, 260-8670 Japan ,grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XInternational Research and Development Center for Mucosal Vaccines, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 108–8639 Japan ,grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, CU-UCSD Center for Mucosal Immunology, Allergy and Vaccines (CU-UCSD cMAV), University of California, San Diego, CA 92093-0956 USA ,grid.136304.30000 0004 0370 1101Institute for Global Prominent Research, Chiba University, Chiba, 260-8670 Japan ,grid.482562.fLaboratory of Vaccine Materials, Center for Vaccine and Adjuvant Research and Laboratory of Gut Environmental System, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, 567-0085 Japan
| | - Masahiro Kiuchi
- grid.136304.30000 0004 0370 1101Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, 260-8670 Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Hirahara
- grid.136304.30000 0004 0370 1101Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, 260-8670 Japan
| | - Sayuri Murasaki
- grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XDepartment of Mucosal Immunology, The University of Tokyo Distinguished Professor Unit, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 108-8639 Japan ,grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XInternational Research and Development Center for Mucosal Vaccines, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 108–8639 Japan
| | - Fujimi Arai
- grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XDepartment of Mucosal Immunology, The University of Tokyo Distinguished Professor Unit, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 108-8639 Japan ,grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XInternational Research and Development Center for Mucosal Vaccines, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 108–8639 Japan
| | - Kumi Izawa
- grid.258269.20000 0004 1762 2738Atopy Research Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, 113-8421 Japan
| | - Ayako Kaitani
- grid.258269.20000 0004 1762 2738Atopy Research Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, 113-8421 Japan
| | - Kaoru Shimada
- grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XDepartment of Mucosal Immunology, The University of Tokyo Distinguished Professor Unit, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 108-8639 Japan ,grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XInternational Research and Development Center for Mucosal Vaccines, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 108–8639 Japan
| | - Yukari Saito
- grid.136304.30000 0004 0370 1101Department of Innovative Medicine and Mucosal Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, 260-8670 Japan
| | - Shota Toyoshima
- grid.260969.20000 0001 2149 8846Allergy and Immunology Research Project Team, Research Institute of Medical Science, Center for Allergy, Center for Medical Education, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 173-8610 Japan
| | - Miho Nakamura
- grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XDepartment of Mucosal Immunology, The University of Tokyo Distinguished Professor Unit, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 108-8639 Japan
| | - Kumiko Fujisawa
- grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XDepartment of Mucosal Immunology, The University of Tokyo Distinguished Professor Unit, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 108-8639 Japan
| | - Yoshimichi Okayama
- grid.260969.20000 0001 2149 8846Allergy and Immunology Research Project Team, Research Institute of Medical Science, Center for Allergy, Center for Medical Education, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 173-8610 Japan
| | - Jun Kunisawa
- grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XInternational Research and Development Center for Mucosal Vaccines, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 108–8639 Japan ,grid.482562.fLaboratory of Vaccine Materials, Center for Vaccine and Adjuvant Research and Laboratory of Gut Environmental System, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, 567-0085 Japan
| | - Masato Kubo
- grid.509459.40000 0004 0472 0267Laboratory for Cytokine Regulation, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045 Japan ,grid.143643.70000 0001 0660 6861Division of Molecular Pathology, Research Institute for Biomedical Science, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba, 278-0022 Japan
| | - Naoki Takemura
- grid.136304.30000 0004 0370 1101Department of Innovative Medicine and Mucosal Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, 260-8670 Japan ,grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XInternational Research and Development Center for Mucosal Vaccines, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 108–8639 Japan ,grid.136593.b0000 0004 0373 3971Laboratory of Bioresponse Regulation, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871 Japan
| | - Satoshi Uematsu
- grid.136304.30000 0004 0370 1101Department of Innovative Medicine and Mucosal Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, 260-8670 Japan ,grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XInternational Research and Development Center for Mucosal Vaccines, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 108–8639 Japan ,grid.261445.00000 0001 1009 6411Department of Immunology and Genomics, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585 Japan
| | - Shizuo Akira
- grid.136593.b0000 0004 0373 3971Laboratory of Host Defense, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871 Japan ,grid.136593.b0000 0004 0373 3971Department of Host Defense, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871 Japan
| | - Jiro Kitaura
- grid.258269.20000 0004 1762 2738Atopy Research Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, 113-8421 Japan
| | - Takao Takahashi
- grid.26091.3c0000 0004 1936 9959Department of Pediatrics, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 160-8582 Japan
| | - Toshinori Nakayama
- grid.136304.30000 0004 0370 1101Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, 260-8670 Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kiyono
- grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XDepartment of Mucosal Immunology, The University of Tokyo Distinguished Professor Unit, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 108-8639 Japan ,grid.26091.3c0000 0004 1936 9959Department of Pediatrics, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 160-8582 Japan ,grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, CU-UCSD Center for Mucosal Immunology, Allergy and Vaccines (CU-UCSD cMAV), University of California, San Diego, CA 92093-0956 USA ,grid.136304.30000 0004 0370 1101Institute for Global Prominent Research, Chiba University, Chiba, 260-8670 Japan ,grid.136304.30000 0004 0370 1101Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, 260-8670 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Yoshida K. [Elucidation of Mast Cell Activation Mechanism Mediated by Purinergic Signaling]. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2021; 141:1057-1061. [PMID: 34471006 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.21-00113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) are immune cells that are distributed in all tissues throughout the body, and their cytoplasm is rich in granules containing histamine and tryptase. When MCs recognize antigens through IgE bound to FcεRI, they release these mediators by degranulation. Because degranulation induces various type I allergic reactions, such as anaphylactic shock and hay fever, elucidation of the control mechanism of degranulation is important to the development of a therapeutic strategy for allergic diseases. It is known that the antigen-induced degranulation response is fine-tuned by various humoral factors via the activation of G protein-coupled receptors. We found that extracellular ATP enhanced antigen-dependent and -independent MC degranulation via activation of ionotropic P2X4 receptors. P2X4 receptor activation itself had no effect on MC degranulation, but significantly enhanced antigen-triggered degranulation. Stimulation of the P2X4 receptor potentiated the FcεRI-mediated tyrosine kinase signaling cascade. In addition to antigen-induced responses, P2X4 receptor signaling also affected antigen-independent MC responses. Thus, co-stimulation of ATP and Gi-coupled receptor agonists, such as prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and adenosine, resulted in synergistic degranulation. The significance of P2X4 receptor signaling in allergic and inflammatory responses in vivo was confirmed by impaired responses of antigen-induced passive anaphylaxis and PGE2-induced increases in vascular permeability in P2rx4 knockout mice compared to that of wild-type mice. These results suggest that the P2X4 receptor is a potential therapeutic target for both antigen-dependent and -independent allergic reactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Yoshida
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Takasaki University of Health and Welfare
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Ozpinar EW, Frey AL, Arthur GK, Mora-Navarro C, Biehl A, Snider DB, Cruse G, Freytes DO. Dermal Extracellular Matrix-Derived Hydrogels as an In Vitro Substrate to Study Mast Cell Maturation. Tissue Eng Part A 2020; 27:1008-1022. [PMID: 33003982 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2020.0142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) are pro-inflammatory tissue-resident immune cells that play a key role in inflammation. MCs circulate in peripheral blood as progenitors and undergo terminal differentiation in the tissue microenvironment where they can remain for many years. This in situ maturation results in tissue- and species-specific MC phenotypes, culminating in significant variability in response to environmental stimuli. There are many challenges associated with studying mature tissue-derived MCs, particularly in humans. In cases where cultured MCs are able to differentiate in two-dimensional in vitro cultures, there remains an inability for full maturation. Extracellular matrix (ECM) scaffolds provide for a more physiologically relevant environment for cells in vitro and have been shown to modulate the response of other immune cells such as T cells, monocytes, and macrophages. To improve current in vitro testing platforms of MCs and to assess future use of ECM scaffolds for MC regulation, we studied the in vitro response of human MCs cultured on decellularized porcine dermis hydrogels (dermis extracellular matrix hydrogel [dECM-H]). This study investigated the effect of dECM-H on cellular metabolic activity, cell viability, and receptor expression compared to collagen type I hydrogel (Collagen-H). Human MCs showed different metabolic activity when cultured in the dECM-H and also upregulated immunoglobulin E (IgE) receptors associated with MC maturation/activation compared to collagen type I. These results suggest an overall benefit in the long-term culture of human MCs in the dECM-H compared to Collagen-H providing important steps toward a model that is more representative of in vivo conditions. Graphical abstract [Formula: see text] Impact statement Mast cells (MCs) are difficult to culture in vitro as current culture conditions and substrates fail to promote similar phenotypic features observed in vivo. Extracellular matrix (ECM)-based biomaterials offer three-dimensional, tissue-specific environments that more closely resemble in vivo conditions. Our study explores the use of dermal ECM hydrogels for MC culture and shows significant upregulation of metabolic activity, cell viability, and gene expression of markers associated with MC maturation or activation compared to collagen type I-hydrogel and tissue culture plastic controls at 7 days. These results are among the first to describe MC behavior in response to ECM hydrogels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily W Ozpinar
- The Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University and University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA.,The Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ariana L Frey
- The Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University and University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Greer K Arthur
- The Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA.,Department of Population Heath and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Camilo Mora-Navarro
- The Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University and University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA.,The Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Andreea Biehl
- The Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University and University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA.,The Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Douglas B Snider
- The Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA.,Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Glenn Cruse
- The Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA.,Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Donald O Freytes
- The Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University and University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA.,The Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Falduto GH, Pfeiffer A, Luker A, Metcalfe DD, Olivera A. Emerging mechanisms contributing to mast cell-mediated pathophysiology with therapeutic implications. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 220:107718. [PMID: 33130192 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mast cells are tissue-resident immune cells that play key roles in the initiation and perpetuation of allergic inflammation, usually through IgE-mediated mechanisms. Mast cells are, however, evolutionary ancient immune cells that can be traced back to urochordates and before the emergence of IgE antibodies, suggesting their involvement in antibody-independent biological functions, many of which are still being characterized. Herein, we summarize recent advances in understanding the roles of mast cells in health and disease, partly through the study of emerging non-IgE receptors such as the Mas-related G protein-coupled receptor X2, implicated in pseudo-allergic reactions as well as in innate defense and neuronal sensing; the mechano-sensing adhesion G protein-coupled receptor E2, variants of which are associated with familial vibratory urticaria; and purinergic receptors, which orchestrate tissue damage responses similarly to the IL-33 receptor. Recent evidence also points toward novel mechanisms that contribute to mast cell-mediated pathophysiology. Thus, in addition to releasing preformed mediators contained in granules and synthesizing mediators de novo, mast cells also secrete extracellular vesicles, which convey biological functions. Understanding their release, composition and uptake within a variety of clinical conditions will contribute to the understanding of disease specific pathology and likely lead the way to novel therapeutic approaches. We also discuss recent advances in the development of therapies targeting mast cell activity, including the ligation of inhibitory ITIM-containing receptors, and other strategies that suppress mast cells or responses to mediators for the management of mast cell-related diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guido H Falduto
- Mast Cell Biology Section, Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Annika Pfeiffer
- Mast Cell Biology Section, Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Andrea Luker
- Mast Cell Biology Section, Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Dean D Metcalfe
- Mast Cell Biology Section, Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ana Olivera
- Mast Cell Biology Section, Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Matsumura S, Kurashima Y, Murasaki S, Morimoto M, Arai F, Saito Y, Katayama N, Kim D, Inagaki Y, Kudo T, Ernst PB, Shimizu T, Kiyono H. Stratified layer analysis reveals intrinsic leptin stimulates cryptal mesenchymal cells for controlling mucosal inflammation. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18351. [PMID: 33110098 PMCID: PMC7591933 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75186-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal cells in the crypt play indispensable roles in the maintenance of intestinal epithelial homeostasis through their contribution to the preservation of stem cells. However, the acquisition properties of the production of stem cell niche factors by the mesenchymal cells have not been well elucidated, due to technical limitations regarding the isolation and subsequent molecular and cellular analyses of cryptal mesenchymal cells. To evaluate the function of mesenchymal cells located at the large intestinal crypt, we established a novel method through which cells are harvested according to the histologic layers of mouse colon, and we compared cellular properties between microenvironmental niches, the luminal mucosa and crypts. The gene expression pattern in the cryptal mesenchymal cells showed that receptors of the hormone/cytokine leptin were highly expressed, and we found a decrease in Wnt2b expression under conditions of leptin receptor deficiency, which also induced a delay in cryptal epithelial proliferation. Our novel stratified layer isolation strategies thus revealed new microenvironmental characteristics of colonic mesenchymal cells, including the intrinsic involvement of leptin in the control of mucosal homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seiichi Matsumura
- Department of Innovative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan.,Department of Mucosal Immunology, The University of Tokyo Distinguished Professor Unit, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan.,Department of Pediatrics, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Yosuke Kurashima
- Department of Innovative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan. .,Department of Mucosal Immunology, The University of Tokyo Distinguished Professor Unit, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan. .,International Research and Development Center for Mucosal Vaccines, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan. .,Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, CU-UCSD Center for Mucosal Immunology, Allergy and Vaccines (CU-UCSD cMAV), University of California, San Diego, CA, 92093-0956, USA. .,Division of Comparative Pathology and Medicine, Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, 92093-0956, USA.
| | - Sayuri Murasaki
- Department of Mucosal Immunology, The University of Tokyo Distinguished Professor Unit, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
| | - Masako Morimoto
- Department of Innovative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Fujimi Arai
- Department of Mucosal Immunology, The University of Tokyo Distinguished Professor Unit, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
| | - Yukari Saito
- Department of Innovative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Nana Katayama
- Department of Mucosal Immunology, The University of Tokyo Distinguished Professor Unit, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
| | - Dayoung Kim
- Department of Mucosal Immunology, The University of Tokyo Distinguished Professor Unit, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
| | - Yutaka Inagaki
- Center for Matrix Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokai University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takahiro Kudo
- Department of Pediatrics, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Peter B Ernst
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, CU-UCSD Center for Mucosal Immunology, Allergy and Vaccines (CU-UCSD cMAV), University of California, San Diego, CA, 92093-0956, USA.,Division of Comparative Pathology and Medicine, Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, 92093-0956, USA.,Center for Veterinary Sciences and Comparative Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA, 92093-0956, USA
| | - Toshiaki Shimizu
- Department of Pediatrics, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kiyono
- Department of Mucosal Immunology, The University of Tokyo Distinguished Professor Unit, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan.,International Research and Development Center for Mucosal Vaccines, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan.,Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, CU-UCSD Center for Mucosal Immunology, Allergy and Vaccines (CU-UCSD cMAV), University of California, San Diego, CA, 92093-0956, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Snyder JM, Zhong G, Hogarth C, Huang W, Topping T, LaFrance J, Palau L, Czuba LC, Griswold M, Ghiaur G, Isoherranen N. Knockout of Cyp26a1 and Cyp26b1 during postnatal life causes reduced lifespan, dermatitis, splenomegaly, and systemic inflammation in mice. FASEB J 2020; 34:15788-15804. [PMID: 33105029 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202001734r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
All-trans-retinoic acid (atRA), the active metabolite of vitamin A, is an essential signaling molecule in all chordates. Global knockouts of the atRA clearing enzymes Cyp26a1 or Cyp26b1 are embryonic lethal. In adult rodents, inhibition of Cyp26a1 and Cyp26b1 increases atRA concentrations and signaling. However, postnatal knockout of Cyp26a1 does not cause a severe phenotype. We hypothesized that Cyp26b1 is the main atRA clearing Cyp in postnatal mammals. This hypothesis was tested by generating tamoxifen-inducible knockout mouse models of Cyp26b1 alone or with Cyp26a1. Both mouse models showed dermatitis, blepharitis, and splenomegaly. Histology showed infiltration of inflammatory cells including neutrophils and T lymphocytes into the skin and hyperkeratosis/hyperplasia of the nonglandular stomach. The mice lacking both Cyp26a1 and Cyp26b1 also had a reduced lifespan, failed to gain weight, and showed fat atrophy. There were significant changes in vitamin A homeostasis. Postnatal knockout of Cyp26b1 resulted in increased atRA concentrations in the skin while the postnatal knockout of both Cyp26a1 and Cyp26b1 resulted in increased atRA concentrations in the liver, serum, skin, spleen, and intestines. This study demonstrates the paramount role of Cyp26b1 in regulating retinoid homeostasis in postnatal life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica M Snyder
- Department of Comparative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Guo Zhong
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Cathryn Hogarth
- School of Molecular Biosciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA.,Department of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, School of Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Wodonga, VIC, Australia
| | - Weize Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Traci Topping
- School of Molecular Biosciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Jeffrey LaFrance
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Laura Palau
- School of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Lindsay C Czuba
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Michael Griswold
- School of Molecular Biosciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Gabriel Ghiaur
- School of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Nina Isoherranen
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Ocular instillation of vitamin A-coupled liposomes containing HSP47 siRNA ameliorates dry eye syndrome in chronic GVHD. Blood Adv 2020; 3:1003-1010. [PMID: 30940635 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2018028431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) profoundly affects the quality of life of long-term survivors of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (SCT). The eyes are frequently involved, and dry eye syndrome is the most common manifestation of ocular chronic GVHD. We explored the role of heat shock protein 47 (HSP47) in ocular GVHD and developed a novel antifibrotic topical therapy using vitamin A-coupled liposomes containing HSP47 small interfering RNA (siRNA) against HSP47 (VA-lip HSP47). In a mouse model of chronic GVHD, infiltration of HSP47+ fibroblasts and massive fibrosis surrounding the lacrimal ducts were observed after allogeneic SCT, leading to impaired tear secretion. After ocular instillation, VA-lip HSP47 was distributed to the lacrimal glands, knocked down HSP47 expression in fibroblasts, reduced collagen deposition, and restored tear secretion after allogeneic SCT. Ocular instillation of VA-lip HSP47 also ameliorated established lacrimal gland fibrosis and dry eye syndrome. VA-lip HSP47 eye drops are a promising prophylactic and therapeutic option against dry eye syndrome in chronic GVHD.
Collapse
|
23
|
Yoshida K, Ito MA, Sato N, Obayashi K, Yamamoto K, Koizumi S, Tanaka S, Furuta K, Matsuoka I. Extracellular ATP Augments Antigen-Induced Murine Mast Cell Degranulation and Allergic Responses via P2X4 Receptor Activation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 204:3077-3085. [PMID: 32358018 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1900954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular ATP released from stimulated and/or damaged cells modulates physiological responses via stimulation of various purinoceptors. We previously showed that ATP potentiated the Ag-induced mast cell (MC) degranulation via purinoceptors pharmacologically similar to the ionotropic P2X4 receptor. In this study, we investigated the role of P2X4 receptor in MC degranulation induced by stimulation of IgE-FcεRI complex with Ag, using bone marrow-derived MCs (BMMCs) prepared from wild type and P2X4 receptor-deficient (P2rx4-/- ) mice. ATP significantly increased Ag-induced degranulation in BMMCs prepared from wild type mice. This effect of ATP was reduced in BMMCs prepared from P2rx4-/- mice. The potentiating effect of ATP was restored by expressing P2X4 receptor in P2rx4-/- BMMCs. The P2X4 receptor-mediated effects were maintained even after differentiating into the connective tissue-type MCs. P2X4 receptor stimulation did not affect the Ag-induced Ca2+ response but enhanced Ag-induced early signals, such as tyrosine phosphorylation of Syk and phospholipase C-γ. Interestingly, these effects of ATP on Syk phosphorylation were not impaired by pretreatment with Cu2+, an inhibitor of the P2X4 receptor channel, or removal of external Ca2+, suggesting that a mechanisms other than Ca2+ influx through ion channel activity may be involved. In vivo experiments revealed that systemic and intradermal passive anaphylaxis responses were significantly alleviated in P2rx4-/- mice. Taken together, the present data suggest that the P2X4 receptor plays an essential role in ATP-induced upregulation of MC degranulation in response to Ag, and also contributes to the Ag-induced allergic response in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Yoshida
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Takasaki University of Health and Welfare, Takasaki-shi, Gunma 370-0033, Japan
| | - Masa-Aki Ito
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Takasaki University of Health and Welfare, Takasaki-shi, Gunma 370-0033, Japan
| | - Naoko Sato
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Takasaki University of Health and Welfare, Takasaki-shi, Gunma 370-0033, Japan
| | - Kosuke Obayashi
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Takasaki University of Health and Welfare, Takasaki-shi, Gunma 370-0033, Japan
| | - Kimiko Yamamoto
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Schuichi Koizumi
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
| | - Satoshi Tanaka
- Department of Pharmacology, Division of Pathological Sciences, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan; and
| | - Kazuyuki Furuta
- Department of Immunobiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Isao Matsuoka
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Takasaki University of Health and Welfare, Takasaki-shi, Gunma 370-0033, Japan;
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Thomson CA, Nibbs RJ, McCoy KD, Mowat AM. Immunological roles of intestinal mesenchymal cells. Immunology 2020; 160:313-324. [PMID: 32181492 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestine is continuously exposed to an enormous variety and quantity of antigens and innate immune stimuli derived from both pathogens and harmless materials, such as food and commensal bacteria. Accordingly, the intestinal immune system is uniquely adapted to ensure appropriate responses to the different kinds of challenge; maintaining tolerance to harmless antigens in the steady-state, whilst remaining poised to deal with potential pathogens. To accomplish this, leucocytes of the intestinal immune system have to adapt to a constantly changing environment and interact with many different non-leucocytic intestinal cell types, including epithelial and endothelial cells, neurons, and a heterogenous network of intestinal mesenchymal cells (iMC). These interactions are intricately involved in the generation of protective immunity, the elaboration of inflammatory responses, and the development of inflammatory conditions, such as inflammatory bowel diseases. Here we discuss recent insights into the immunological functions of iMC under homeostatic and inflammatory conditions, focusing particularly on iMC in the mucosa and submucosa, and highlighting how an appreciation of the immunology of iMC may help understand the pathogenesis and treatment of disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn A Thomson
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Robert J Nibbs
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medicine, Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Kathy D McCoy
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Allan Mcl Mowat
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medicine, Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Magrone T, Magrone M, Jirillo E. Mast Cells as a Double-Edged Sword in Immunity: Their Function in Health and Disease. First of Two Parts. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2019; 20:654-669. [PMID: 31789135 DOI: 10.2174/1871530319666191202120301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) have recently been re-interpreted in the context of the immune scenario in the sense that their pro-allergic role is no longer exclusive. In fact, MCs even in steady state conditions maintain homeostatic functions, producing mediators and intensively cross-talking with other immune cells. Here, emphasis will be placed on the array of receptors expressed by MCs and the variety of cytokines they produce. Then, the bulk of data discussed will provide readers with a wealth of information on the dual ability of MCs not only to defend but also to offend the host. This double attitude of MCs relies on many variables, such as their subsets, tissues of residency and type of stimuli ranging from microbes to allergens and food antigens. Finally, the relationship between MCs with basophils and eosinophils will be discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thea Magrone
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sensory Organs, School of Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Manrico Magrone
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sensory Organs, School of Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Emilio Jirillo
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sensory Organs, School of Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Isoherranen N, Zhong G. Biochemical and physiological importance of the CYP26 retinoic acid hydroxylases. Pharmacol Ther 2019; 204:107400. [PMID: 31419517 PMCID: PMC6881548 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2019.107400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The Cytochrome P450 (CYP) family 26 enzymes contribute to retinoic acid (RA) metabolism and homeostasis in humans, mammals and other chordates. The three CYP26 family enzymes, CYP26A1, CYP26B1 and CYP26C1 have all been shown to metabolize all-trans-retinoic acid (atRA) it's 9-cisRA and 13-cisRA isomers and primary metabolites 4-OH-RA and 4-oxo-RA with high efficiency. While no crystal structures of CYP26 enzymes are available, the binding of various ligands has been extensively explored via homology modeling. All three CYP26 enzymes are inducible by treatment with atRA in various prenatal and postnatal tissues and cell types. However, current literature shows that in addition to regulation by atRA, CYP26 enzyme expression is also regulated by other endogenous processes and inflammatory cytokines. In humans and in animal models the expression patterns of CYP26 enzymes have been shown to be tissue and cell type specific, and the expression of the CYP26 enzymes is believed to regulate the formation of critical atRA concentration gradients in various tissue types. Yet, very little data exists on direct disease associations of altered CYP26 expression or activity. Nevertheless, data is emerging describing a variety of human genetic variations in the CYP26 enzymes that are associated with different pathologies. Interestingly, some of these genetic variants result in increased activity of the CYP26 enzymes potentially leading to complex gene-environment interactions due to variability in dietary intake of retinoids. This review highlights the current knowledge of structure-function of CYP26 enzymes and focuses on their role in human retinoid metabolism in different tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nina Isoherranen
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Guo Zhong
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Snake venom rhodocytin induces plasma extravasation via toxin-mediated interactions between platelets and mast cells. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15958. [PMID: 31685912 PMCID: PMC6828706 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52449-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Venomous snakebites can induce local tissue damage, including necrosis of soft tissues, haemorrhage, blistering and local swelling associated with plasma extravasation, which can lead to lethal complications such as hypovolemic shock. However, the details of the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. In this study, we showed that intradermal treatment of mice with venom rhodocytin from the Malayan viper Calloselasma rhodostoma induced plasma extravasation, dependent on C-type lectin-like receptor 2 (CLEC-2) on platelets. Rhodocytin-induced plasma extravasation also relied on mast cells and histamine. In vitro co-culture of rhodocytin-activated platelets with mast cells induced histamine release from mast cells in an ATP/P2X7-dependent manner. Consistent with this, blockade or deficiency of P2X7 in mast cells suppressed rhodocytin-induced plasma extravasation in the skin. Together, these findings indicate that rhodocytin induces plasma extravasation by triggering platelet activation via CLEC-2, followed by activation of mast cells and histamine release via the ATP/P2X7 pathway. These results reveal a previously unrecognized mechanism by which snake venom increases vascular permeability via complex venom toxin–mediated interactions between platelets and mast cells.
Collapse
|
28
|
Nishida K, Hasegawa A, Yamasaki S, Uchida R, Ohashi W, Kurashima Y, Kunisawa J, Kimura S, Iwanaga T, Watarai H, Hase K, Ogura H, Nakayama M, Kashiwakura JI, Okayama Y, Kubo M, Ohara O, Kiyono H, Koseki H, Murakami M, Hirano T. Mast cells play role in wound healing through the ZnT2/GPR39/IL-6 axis. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10842. [PMID: 31346193 PMCID: PMC6658492 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47132-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Zinc (Zn) is an essential nutrient and its deficiency causes immunodeficiency and skin disorders. Various cells including mast cells release Zn-containing granules when activated; however, the biological role of the released Zn is currently unclear. Here we report our findings that Zn transporter ZnT2 is required for the release of Zn from mast cells. In addition, we found that Zn and mast cells induce IL-6 production from inflammatory cells such as skin fibroblasts and promote wound healing, a process that involves inflammation. Zn induces the production of a variety of pro-inflammatory cytokines including IL-6 through signaling pathways mediated by the Zn receptor GPR39. Consistent with these findings, wound healing was impaired in mice lacking IL-6 or GPR39. Thus, our results show that Zn and mast cells play a critical role in wound healing through activation of the GPR39/IL-6 signaling axis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keigo Nishida
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Suzuka University of Medical Science, 3500-3 Minamitamagaki-cho, Suzuka, Mie, 513-8670, Japan. .,Laboratory for Homeostatic Network, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS), 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan.
| | - Aiko Hasegawa
- Laboratory for Homeostatic Network, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS), 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan.,Department of Pediatrics, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano, 390-8621, Japan
| | - Satoru Yamasaki
- Laboratory for Homeostatic Network, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS), 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan.,Laboratory for Immunotherapy, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS), 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Ryota Uchida
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Suzuka University of Medical Science, 3500-3 Minamitamagaki-cho, Suzuka, Mie, 513-8670, Japan
| | - Wakana Ohashi
- Laboratory for Homeostatic Network, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS), 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan.,Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences for Research, University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Yosuke Kurashima
- Department of Innovative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan.,Division of Mucosal Immunology, IMSUT Distinguished Professor Unit, the Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Mucosal Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan.,Division of Clinical Vaccinology, International Research and Development Center for Mucosal Vaccine, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan.,Institute for Global Prominent Research, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan.,Chiba University-UC San Diego Center for Mucosal Immunology, Allergy and Vaccines (CU-UCSD cMAV), University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr. MC 0063, San Diego, CA, 92093-0063, United States.,Laboratory of Vaccine Materials, Center for Vaccine and Adjuvant Research, and Laboratory of Gut Environmental System, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), 7-6-8 Asagi Saito, Ibaraki, Osaka, 567-0085, Japan
| | - Jun Kunisawa
- Laboratory of Vaccine Materials, Center for Vaccine and Adjuvant Research, and Laboratory of Gut Environmental System, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), 7-6-8 Asagi Saito, Ibaraki, Osaka, 567-0085, Japan.,Division of Mucosal Vaccines, International Research and Development Center for Mucosal Vaccines, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Kimura
- Laboratory of Histology and Cytology, Department of Anatomy, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan.,Division of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, Tokyo, 105-8512, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Iwanaga
- Laboratory of Histology and Cytology, Department of Anatomy, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Watarai
- Department of Immunology and Stem Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takaramachi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8640, Japan
| | - Koji Hase
- Division of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, Tokyo, 105-8512, Japan.,International Research and Development Center for Mucosal Vaccine, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo (IMSUT), 108-8639, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideki Ogura
- Department of Microbiology, Hyogo College of Medicine 1-1, Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya, 663-8501, Japan
| | - Manabu Nakayama
- Laboratory of Medical Omics Research, Department of Frontier Research and Development, Kazusa DNA Research Institute,2-6-7 Kazusa-Kamatari, Kisarazu, Chiba, 292-0818, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Kashiwakura
- Laboratory of Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan
| | - Yoshimichi Okayama
- Allergy and Immunology Project Team, Center for Allergy, Center for Medical Education, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Oyaguchi Kamicho Itabashi-Ku, Tokyo, 173-8610, Japan
| | - Masato Kubo
- Laboratory for Cytokine Regulation, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS), 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan.,Division of Molecular Pathology, Research Institute for Biomedical Science, Tokyo University of Science, 2669 Yamazaki, Noda-shi, Chiba, 278-0022, Japan
| | - Osamu Ohara
- Laboratory for Integrative Genomics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS), 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kiyono
- Division of Mucosal Immunology, IMSUT Distinguished Professor Unit, the Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan.,Division of Clinical Vaccinology, International Research and Development Center for Mucosal Vaccine, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan.,Institute for Global Prominent Research, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan.,Chiba University-UC San Diego Center for Mucosal Immunology, Allergy and Vaccines (CU-UCSD cMAV), University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr. MC 0063, San Diego, CA, 92093-0063, United States.,Division of Mucosal Vaccines, International Research and Development Center for Mucosal Vaccines, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Koseki
- Laboratory for Developmental Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS), 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Masaaki Murakami
- Division of Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-815, Japan
| | - Toshio Hirano
- Headquarters, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Kurashima Y, Tokuhara D, Kamioka M, Inagaki Y, Kiyono H. Intrinsic Control of Surface Immune and Epithelial Homeostasis by Tissue-Resident Gut Stromal Cells. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1281. [PMID: 31275305 PMCID: PMC6593103 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The epithelial layer creates a chemical and physical barrier at the forefront of intestinal mucosa, and immune cells beneath the surface epithelium are poised to react to extrinsic factors, to maintain tissue homeostasis. Importantly, the nexus of epithelial-immune responses at mucosal surfaces is dexterously modulated by intrinsic stromal-mesenchymal cells. First, organogenesis of lymphoid tissues, including Peyer's patches, requires dynamic interplay between lymphoid cells and stromal cells, which have become known as "lymphoid organizers." Second, correct spatiotemporal interaction between these cell populations is essential to generate the infrastructure for gut immune responses. Moreover, immune cells at the intestinal barrier are functionally modulated by stromal cells; one such example is the stromal cell-mediated differentiation of innate immune cells, including innate lymphoid cells and mast cells. Ultimately, mucosal stromal cells orchestrate the destinations of epithelial and immune cells to maintain intestinal immune homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Kurashima
- Department of Innovative Medicine and Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.,International Research and Development Center for Mucosal Vaccines, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Mucosal Immunology, IMSUT Distinguished Professor Unit, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, CU-UCSD Center for Mucosal Immunology, Allergy and Vaccines (cMAV), University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States.,Laboratory of Vaccine Materials and Laboratory of Gut Environmental System National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
| | - Daisuke Tokuhara
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, CU-UCSD Center for Mucosal Immunology, Allergy and Vaccines (cMAV), University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Osaka City University, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mariko Kamioka
- International Research and Development Center for Mucosal Vaccines, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Mucosal Immunology, IMSUT Distinguished Professor Unit, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, CU-UCSD Center for Mucosal Immunology, Allergy and Vaccines (cMAV), University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States.,Laboratory of Vaccine Materials and Laboratory of Gut Environmental System National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yutaka Inagaki
- Center for Matrix Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokai University, Isehara, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kiyono
- Department of Innovative Medicine and Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.,International Research and Development Center for Mucosal Vaccines, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Mucosal Immunology, IMSUT Distinguished Professor Unit, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, CU-UCSD Center for Mucosal Immunology, Allergy and Vaccines (cMAV), University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States.,Laboratory of Vaccine Materials and Laboratory of Gut Environmental System National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Varricchi G, Rossi FW, Galdiero MR, Granata F, Criscuolo G, Spadaro G, de Paulis A, Marone G. Physiological Roles of Mast Cells: Collegium Internationale Allergologicum Update 2019. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2019; 179:247-261. [PMID: 31137021 DOI: 10.1159/000500088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mast cells are immune cells which have a widespread distribution in nearly all tissues. These cells and their mediators are canonically viewed as primary effector cells in allergic disorders. However, in the last years, mast cells have gained recognition for their involvement in several physiological and pathological conditions. They are highly heterogeneous immune cells displaying a constellation of surface receptors and producing a wide spectrum of inflammatory and immunomodulatory mediators. These features enable the cells to act as sentinels in harmful situations as well as respond to metabolic and immune changes in their microenvironment. Moreover, they communicate with many immune and nonimmune cells implicated in several immunological responses. Although mast cells contribute to host responses in experimental infections, there is no satisfactory model to study how they contribute to infection outcome in humans. Mast cells modulate physiological and pathological angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis, but their role in tumor initiation and development is still controversial. Cardiac mast cells store and release several mediators that can exert multiple effects in the homeostatic control of different cardiometabolic functions. Although mast cells and their mediators have been simplistically associated with detrimental roles in allergic disorders, there is increasing evidence that they can also have homeostatic or protective roles in several pathophysiological processes. These findings may reflect the functional heterogeneity of different subsets of mast cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gilda Varricchi
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences (DiSMeT), Naples, Italy.,Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,World Allergy Organization (WAO) Center of Excellence, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca Wanda Rossi
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences (DiSMeT), Naples, Italy.,Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,World Allergy Organization (WAO) Center of Excellence, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Galdiero
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences (DiSMeT), Naples, Italy.,Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,World Allergy Organization (WAO) Center of Excellence, Naples, Italy
| | - Francescopaolo Granata
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences (DiSMeT), Naples, Italy.,Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,World Allergy Organization (WAO) Center of Excellence, Naples, Italy
| | - Gjada Criscuolo
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences (DiSMeT), Naples, Italy.,Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,World Allergy Organization (WAO) Center of Excellence, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Spadaro
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences (DiSMeT), Naples, Italy.,Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,World Allergy Organization (WAO) Center of Excellence, Naples, Italy
| | - Amato de Paulis
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences (DiSMeT), Naples, Italy.,Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,World Allergy Organization (WAO) Center of Excellence, Naples, Italy
| | - Gianni Marone
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences (DiSMeT), Naples, Italy, .,Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy, .,World Allergy Organization (WAO) Center of Excellence, Naples, Italy, .,Institute of Endocrinology and Experimental Oncology (IEOS), CNR, Naples, Italy,
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Zheng Y, Che D, Peng B, Hao Y, Zhang X, He L, Geng S. All-trans-retinoic acid activated mast cells via Mas-related G-protein-coupled receptor-X2 in retinoid dermatitis. Contact Dermatitis 2019; 81:184-193. [PMID: 31006867 DOI: 10.1111/cod.13292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Retinoic acid (RA)-induced dermatitis is the most frequent side-effect limiting its widespread use. However, the exact mechanisms triggering dermatitis are not fully understood, including the role of skin mast cells. The newly discovered Mas-related G-protein-coupled receptor-X2 (MRGPRX2) in mast cells mediates pseudoallergic drug reactions in several types of dermatitis. A possible contribution of MRGPRX2 to contact dermatitis induced by RA has hitherto not been examined. OBJECTIVES To investigate whether all-trans-RA (ATRA) activates mast cells via MRGPRX2/MrgprB2 (the mouse orthologue), contributing to the pathogenesis of retinoid-induced dermatitis. METHODS Wild-type (WT) and MrgprB2-/- mice were treated with topical ATRA to observe local inflammation and mast cell degranulation in vivo by the use of haematoxylin and eosin and immunofluorescence staining. Release of histamine and release of β-hexosaminidase were measured and calcium influx was detected in Laboratory of Allergic Disease 2 (LAD2) cells with specific knockdown targeting MRGPRX2 by small interfering RNA (siRNA) and in primary cells from MrgprB2-/- mice. RESULTS As compared with WT mice, MrgprB2-/- mice showed resistance to ATRA-triggered contact dermatitis and local inflammatory reactions in the paws. ATRA activated mast cells via the MrgprB2 pathway in murine cells, and via the MRGPRX2 pathway in human mast cells. CONCLUSIONS ATRA-induced dermatitis could be achieved by activating mast cells via MRGPRX2/MrgprB2, which may provide a potential therapy target to reduce the side-effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zheng
- Department of Dermatology, Northwest Hospital, The Second Hospital Affiliated to Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Delu Che
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Bin Peng
- Department of Dermatology, Northwest Hospital, The Second Hospital Affiliated to Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yong Hao
- Department of Dermatology, Northwest Hospital, The Second Hospital Affiliated to Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College, University of Science and Technology, Baotou, China
| | - Xinyue Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Northwest Hospital, The Second Hospital Affiliated to Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Langchong He
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Songmei Geng
- Department of Dermatology, Northwest Hospital, The Second Hospital Affiliated to Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Lipocalin 2: A New Antimicrobial in Mast Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20102380. [PMID: 31091692 PMCID: PMC6566617 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20102380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) play a significant role in the innate immune defense against bacterial infection through the release of cytokines and antimicrobial peptides. However, their antimicrobial function is still only partially described. We therefore hypothesized that MCs express additional antimicrobial peptides. In this study, we used FANTOM 5 transcriptome data to identify for the first time that MCs express lipocalin 2 (LCN2), a known inhibitor of bacterial growth. Using MCs derived from mice which were deficient in LCN2, we showed that this antimicrobial peptide is an important component of the MCs' antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli (E. coli). Since sphingosine-1-phosphate receptors (S1PRs) on MCs are known to regulate their function during infections, we hypothesized that S1P could activate LCN2 production in MCs. Using an in vitro assay, we demonstrated that S1P enhances MCs antimicrobial peptide production and increases the capacity of MCs to directly kill S. aureus and E. coli via an LCN2 release. In conclusion, we showed that LCN2 is expressed by MCs and plays a role in their capacity to inhibit bacterial growth.
Collapse
|
33
|
Sammarco G, Varricchi G, Ferraro V, Ammendola M, De Fazio M, Altomare DF, Luposella M, Maltese L, Currò G, Marone G, Ranieri G, Memeo R. Mast Cells, Angiogenesis and Lymphangiogenesis in Human Gastric Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E2106. [PMID: 31035644 PMCID: PMC6540185 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20092106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is diagnosed in nearly one million new patients each year and it remains the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Although gastric cancer represents a heterogeneous group of diseases, chronic inflammation has been shown to play a role in tumorigenesis. Cancer development is a multistep process characterized by genetic and epigenetic alterations during tumour initiation and progression. The stromal microenvironment is important in maintaining normal tissue homeostasis or promoting tumour development. A plethora of immune cells (i.e., lymphocytes, macrophages, mast cells, monocytes, myeloid-derived suppressor cells, Treg cells, dendritic cells, neutrophils, eosinophils, natural killer (NK) and natural killer T (NKT) cells) are components of gastric cancer microenvironment. Mast cell density is increased in gastric cancer and there is a correlation with angiogenesis, the number of metastatic lymph nodes and the survival of these patients. Mast cells exert a protumorigenic role in gastric cancer through the release of angiogenic (VEGF-A, CXCL8, MMP-9) and lymphangiogenic factors (VEGF-C and VEGF-F). Gastric mast cells express the programmed death ligands (PD-L1 and PD-L2) which are relevant as immune checkpoints in cancer. Several clinical undergoing trials targeting immune checkpoints could be an innovative therapeutic strategy in gastric cancer. Elucidation of the role of subsets of mast cells in different human gastric cancers will demand studies of increasing complexity beyond those assessing merely mast cell density and microlocalization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Sammarco
- Department of Health Science, General Surgery, Magna Graecia University, Medicine School of Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Gilda Varricchi
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences (DISMET) and Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy.
- WAO Center of Excellence, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Valentina Ferraro
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Unit of Endocrine, Digestive and Emergency Surgery, Aldo Moro University, 74124 Bari, Italy.
| | - Michele Ammendola
- Department of Health Science, General Surgery, Magna Graecia University, Medicine School of Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Michele De Fazio
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Aldo Moro University, 74124 Bari, Italy.
| | | | - Maria Luposella
- Cardiovascular Disease Unit, San Giovanni di Dio Hospital, 88900 Crotone, Italy.
| | - Lorenza Maltese
- Pathology Unit, Pugliese-Ciaccio Hospital, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Currò
- Department of Health Science, General Surgery, Magna Graecia University, Medicine School of Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy.
- Department of Human Pathology of Adult and Evolutive Age G. Barresi, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy.
| | - Gianni Marone
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences (DISMET) and Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy.
- WAO Center of Excellence, 80131 Naples, Italy.
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology (IEOS), National Research Council (CNR), 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Girolamo Ranieri
- Interventional Oncology Unit with Integrated Section of Translational Medical Oncology, National Cancer Research Centre, Istituto Tumori Giovanni Paolo II, 74124 Bari, Italy.
| | - Riccardo Memeo
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Aldo Moro University, 74124 Bari, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Rivellese F, Rossi FW, Galdiero MR, Pitzalis C, de Paulis A. Mast Cells in Early Rheumatoid Arthritis. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20082040. [PMID: 31027208 PMCID: PMC6515166 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20082040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic systemic autoimmune disease characterized by inflammation of the synovial membrane, with thickening of the synovial layer, cellular hyperplasia, and infiltration of immune cells. Mast cells (MCs) are cells of the innate immunity present in healthy synovia and part of the cellular hyperplasia characterizing RA synovitis. Although their presence in synovia has been well described, the exact functions and the correlation of MCs with disease development and progression have been debated, particularly because of contradictory data obtained in animal models and from patients with longstanding disease. Here, we present a revision of the literature on MCs in RA, including the most recent observations obtained from patients with early RA, indicating MCs as relevant markers of disease severity in early RA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Felice Rivellese
- William Harvey Research Institute and Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK.
| | - Francesca Wanda Rossi
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences (DiSMeT) and Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Maria Rosaria Galdiero
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences (DiSMeT) and Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Costantino Pitzalis
- William Harvey Research Institute and Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK.
| | - Amato de Paulis
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences (DiSMeT) and Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Martínez-Bueno M, Alarcón-Riquelme ME. Exploring Impact of Rare Variation in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus by a Genome Wide Imputation Approach. Front Immunol 2019; 10:258. [PMID: 30863397 PMCID: PMC6399402 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The importance of low frequency and rare variation in complex disease genetics is difficult to estimate in patient populations. Genome-wide association studies are therefore, underpowered to detect rare variation. We have used a combined approach of genome-wide-based imputation with a highly stringent sequence kernel association (SKAT) test and a case-control burden test. We identified 98 candidate genes containing rare variation that in aggregate show association with SLE many of which have recognized immunological function, but also function and expression related to relevant tissues such as the joints, skin, blood or central nervous system. In addition we also find that there is a significant enrichment of genes annotated for disease-causing mutations in the OMIM database, suggesting that in complex diseases such as SLE, such mutations may be involved in subtle or combined phenotypes or could accelerate specific organ abnormalities found in the disease. We here provide an important resource of candidate genes for SLE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Martínez-Bueno
- Department of Medical Genomics, GENYO, Center for Genomics and Oncological Research Pfizer, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Marta E Alarcón-Riquelme
- Unit of Chronic Inflammation, Institute for Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Frossi B, Mion F, Sibilano R, Danelli L, Pucillo CEM. Is it time for a new classification of mast cells? What do we know about mast cell heterogeneity? Immunol Rev 2019; 282:35-46. [PMID: 29431204 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) are derived from committed precursors that leave the hematopoietic tissue, migrate in the blood, and colonize peripheral tissues where they terminally differentiate under microenvironment stimuli. They are distributed in almost all vascularized tissues where they act both as immune effectors and housekeeping cells, contributing to tissue homeostasis. Historically, MCs were classified into 2 subtypes, according to tryptic enzymes expression. However, MCs display a striking heterogeneity that reflects a complex interplay between different microenvironmental signals delivered by various tissues, and a differentiation program that decides their identity. Moreover, tissue-specific MCs show a trained memory, which contributes to shape their function in a specific microenvironment. In this review, we summarize the current state of our understanding of MC heterogeneity that reflects their different tissue experiences. We describe the discovery of unique cell molecules that can be used to distinguish specific MC subsets in vivo, and discuss how the improved ability to recognize these subsets provided new insights into the biology of MCs. These recent advances will be helpful for the understanding of the specific role of individual MC subsets in the control of tissue homeostasis, and in the regulation of pathological conditions such as infection, autoimmunity, and cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Frossi
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Francesca Mion
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Riccardo Sibilano
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Immune Modulation, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ridgefield, CT, USA
| | - Luca Danelli
- Retroviral Immunology, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Li Z, Liu S, Xu J, Zhang X, Han D, Liu J, Xia M, Yi L, Shen Q, Xu S, Lu L, Cao X. Adult Connective Tissue-Resident Mast Cells Originate from Late Erythro-Myeloid Progenitors. Immunity 2018; 49:640-653.e5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2018.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
38
|
Jang HY, Koo JH, Lee SM, Park BH. Atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions are suppressed in fat-1 transgenic mice through the inhibition of inflammasomes. Exp Mol Med 2018; 50:1-9. [PMID: 29899324 PMCID: PMC6001487 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-018-0104-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2018] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous clinical trials have addressed the beneficial effects of fish oil supplementation on atopic dermatitis. Recently, we reported that fat-1 mice, which can convert n-6 to n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), are protected against allergic airway inflammation because their Th2 immune responses are suppressed. Here, we examined the effects of endogenously synthesized n-3 PUFAs on atopic dermatitis, a representative Th2-dominant allergic inflammatory disease. Mouse models of atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions were prepared by epicutaneous application of 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) or house dust mite (HDM) extract to the ears. DNCB-treated fat-1 mice exhibited markedly reduced epidermal thickening, lower mast cell infiltration, and lower serum IgE and histamine compared with wild-type mice. The draining lymph nodes of fat-1 mice were substantially smaller and contained significantly smaller proportions of activated CD4+ T cells and IL-4-producing Th2 cells than those of wild-type mice. Consistent with these findings, the mRNA levels of Th2 cytokines were significantly decreased in DNCB-sensitized skin lesions of fat-1 mice. Lastly, inflammasome activation, IL-1β production, and pyroptotic cell injury were suppressed in fat-1 mice. Similar results were observed in HDM-challenged fat-1 mice. This study confirms the results of previous clinical studies and suggests fish oil supplementation as a therapeutic strategy for atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Young Jang
- Department of Biochemistry, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeung-Hyun Koo
- Department of Biochemistry, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Myeong Lee
- Division of Biotechnology, College of Environmental and Bioresource Sciences, Chonbuk National University, Iksan, Jeonbuk, 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Hyun Park
- Department of Biochemistry, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, 54896, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Park HJ, Lee SW, Hong S. Regulation of Allergic Immune Responses by Microbial Metabolites. Immune Netw 2018; 18:e15. [PMID: 29503745 PMCID: PMC5833122 DOI: 10.4110/in.2018.18.e15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Revised: 02/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence demonstrates that the microbiota plays an essential role in shaping the development and function of host immune responses. A variety of environmental stimuli, including foods and commensals, are recognized by the host through the epithelium, acting as a physical barrier. Two allergic diseases, atopic dermatitis and food allergy, are closely linked to the microbiota, because inflammatory responses occur on the epidermal border. The microbiota generates metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids and poly-γ-glutamic acid (γPGA), which can modulate host immune responses. Here, we review how microbial metabolites can regulate allergic immune responses. Furthermore, we focus on the effect of γPGA on allergic T helper (Th) 2 responses and its therapeutic application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Jung Park
- Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Anticancer Medicine Development, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Korea
| | - Sung Won Lee
- Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Anticancer Medicine Development, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Korea
| | - Seokmann Hong
- Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Anticancer Medicine Development, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Kurashima Y, Yamamoto D, Nelson S, Uematsu S, Ernst PB, Nakayama T, Kiyono H. Mucosal Mesenchymal Cells: Secondary Barrier and Peripheral Educator for the Gut Immune System. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1787. [PMID: 29321781 PMCID: PMC5733542 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Stromal connective tissue contains mesenchymal cells, including fibroblasts and myofibroblasts, which line the tissue structure. However, it has been identified that the function of mesenchymal cells is not just structural-they also play critical roles in the creation and regulation of intestinal homeostasis. Thus, mucosal mesenchymal cells instruct intestinal immune cell education (or peripheral immune education) and epithelial cell differentiation thereby shaping the local environment of the mucosal immune system. Malfunction of the mesenchymal cell-mediated instruction system (e.g., fibrosis) leads to pathological conditions such as intestinal stricture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Kurashima
- Division of Mucosal Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Division of Clinical Vaccinology, International Research and Development Center for Mucosal Vaccines, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Institute for Global Prominent Research, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.,Department of Mucosal Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.,Department of Innovative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.,Chiba University-UC San Diego Center for Mucosal Immunology, Allergy, and Vaccines (CU-UCSD cMAV), San Diego, CA, Unites States
| | - Daiki Yamamoto
- Division of Mucosal Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sean Nelson
- Division of Mucosal Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Uematsu
- Department of Mucosal Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.,Chiba University-UC San Diego Center for Mucosal Immunology, Allergy, and Vaccines (CU-UCSD cMAV), San Diego, CA, Unites States.,Division of Innate Immune Regulation, International Research and Development Center for Mucosal Vaccines, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Peter B Ernst
- Chiba University-UC San Diego Center for Mucosal Immunology, Allergy, and Vaccines (CU-UCSD cMAV), San Diego, CA, Unites States.,Center for Veterinary Sciences and Comparative Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA, Unites States.,Division of Comparative Pathology and Medicine, Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, CA, Unites States
| | - Toshinori Nakayama
- Institute for Global Prominent Research, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.,Chiba University-UC San Diego Center for Mucosal Immunology, Allergy, and Vaccines (CU-UCSD cMAV), San Diego, CA, Unites States.,Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kiyono
- Division of Mucosal Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Division of Clinical Vaccinology, International Research and Development Center for Mucosal Vaccines, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Chiba University-UC San Diego Center for Mucosal Immunology, Allergy, and Vaccines (CU-UCSD cMAV), San Diego, CA, Unites States.,Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Buechler MB, Turley SJ. A short field guide to fibroblast function in immunity. Semin Immunol 2017; 35:48-58. [PMID: 29198601 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2017.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Fibroblasts in secondary lymphoid organs, or fibroblastic reticular cells (FRC), are gate-keepers of immune responses. Here, we frame how these cells regulate immune responses via a three-part scheme in which FRC can setup, support or suppress immune responses. We also review how fibroblasts from non-lymphoid tissues influence immunity and highlight how they resemble and differ from FRC. Overall, we aim to focus attention on the emerging roles of lymphoid tissue and non-lymphoid tissue fibroblasts in control of innate and adaptive immunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew B Buechler
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080, United States
| | - Shannon J Turley
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Noske K. Secreted immunoregulatory proteins in the skin. J Dermatol Sci 2017; 89:3-10. [PMID: 29111181 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2017.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The skin, thought initially to protect the body passively from pathogenic organisms and other environmental insults, is now recognised additionally as a sophisticated immune organ that actively regulates local immunity. Studies linking local innate and adaptive immunity to skin health and disease have revealed a complex network of cell communication and cytokine signalling. Here, we review the last 10 years of literature on this topic, and its relevance to skin immunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Noske
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba 4102, QLD, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Igawa S, Di Nardo A. Skin microbiome and mast cells. Transl Res 2017; 184:68-76. [PMID: 28390799 PMCID: PMC5538027 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2017.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Revised: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Microbiotas in the skin have high levels of diversity at the species level, but low phylum-level diversity. The human skin microbiota is composed predominantly of Gram-positive bacteria especially Actinobacteria, which are the dominant bacterial phylum on the skin. Lipoteichoic acid (LTA) is a major constituent of the cell wall of Gram-positive bacteria and is therefore abundant in the skin microbiome. Recent studies have shown that LTA, and other bacterial products, permeates the whole skin and comes into contact with epidermal and dermal cells, including mast cells (MCs), with the potential of stimulating MC toll-like receptors (TLRs). MCs express a variety of pattern recognition receptors, including TLRs, on their cell surface in order to detect bacteria. Recent publications suggest that the skin microbiome has influence on MC migration, localization and maturation in the skin. Germ free (no microbiome) animals possess an underdeveloped immune system and immature MCs. Despite much research done on skin microbiota and many papers describing skin interaction with "the good microbiota", there is still controversy regarding how mast cells, communicate with surface bacteria. The present review intends to quell the controversy by illuminating the communication mechanism between bacteria and MCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Satomi Igawa
- Department of Dermatology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan; Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, Calif
| | - Anna Di Nardo
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, Calif.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Cho KA, Park M, Kim YH, Woo SY. Th17 cell-mediated immune responses promote mast cell proliferation by triggering stem cell factor in keratinocytes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 487:856-861. [PMID: 28456630 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.04.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Although mast cells are traditionally thought to function as effector cells in allergic responses, they have increasingly been recognized as important regulators of various immune responses. Mast cells mature locally; thus, tissue-specific influences are important for promoting mast cell accumulation and survival in the skin and the gastrointestinal tract. In this study, we determined the effects of keratinocytes on mast cell accumulation during Th17-mediated skin inflammation. We observed increases in dermal mast cells in imiquimod-induced psoriatic dermatitis in mice accompanied by the expression of epidermal stem cell factor (SCF), a critical mast cell growth factor. Similar to mouse epidermal keratinocytes, SCF was highly expressed in the human HaCaT keratinocyte cell line following stimulation with IL-17. Further, keratinocytes promoted mast cell proliferation following stimulation with IL-17 in vitro. However, the effects of keratinocytes on mast cells were significantly diminished in the presence of anti-CD117 (stem cell factor receptor) blocking antibodies. Taken together, our results revealed that the Th17-mediated inflammatory environment promotes mast cell accumulation through keratinocyte-derived SCF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Ah Cho
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07985, Republic of Korea
| | - Minhwa Park
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07985, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Hee Kim
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07985, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Youn Woo
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07985, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Tykocinski LO, Lauffer AM, Bohnen A, Kaul NC, Krienke S, Tretter T, Adam I, Mohapatra SR, Saikali P, Löhning M, Neidhart M, Gay S, Oezen I, Platten M, Opitz CA, Lorenz HM. Synovial Fibroblasts Selectively Suppress Th1 Cell Responses through IDO1-Mediated Tryptophan Catabolism. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 198:3109-3117. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1600600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
46
|
Kurashima Y, Kiyono H. Mucosal Ecological Network of Epithelium and Immune Cells for Gut Homeostasis and Tissue Healing. Annu Rev Immunol 2017; 35:119-147. [PMID: 28125357 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-051116-052424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The intestinal epithelial barrier includes columnar epithelial, Paneth, goblet, enteroendocrine, and tuft cells as well as other cell populations, all of which contribute properties essential for gastrointestinal homeostasis. The intestinal mucosa is covered by mucin, which contains antimicrobial peptides and secretory IgA and prevents luminal bacteria, fungi, and viruses from stimulating intestinal immune responses. Conversely, the transport of luminal microorganisms-mediated by M, dendritic, and goblet cells-into intestinal tissues facilitates the harmonization of active and quiescent mucosal immune responses. The bacterial population within gut-associated lymphoid tissues creates the intratissue cohabitations for harmonized mucosal immunity. Intermolecular and intercellular communication among epithelial, immune, and mesenchymal cells creates an environment conducive for epithelial regeneration and mucosal healing. This review summarizes the so-called intestinal mucosal ecological network-the complex but vital molecular and cellular interactions of epithelial mesenchymal cells, immune cells, and commensal microbiota that achieve intestinal homeostasis, regeneration, and healing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Kurashima
- Division of Mucosal Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan; .,International Research and Development Center for Mucosal Vaccines, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan.,Institute for Global Prominent Research, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8670, Japan.,Department of Mucosal Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8670, Japan.,Department of Innovative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8670, Japan.,Chiba University-UC San Diego Center for Mucosal Immunology, Allergy, and Vaccine, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Hiroshi Kiyono
- Division of Mucosal Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan; .,International Research and Development Center for Mucosal Vaccines, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan.,Chiba University-UC San Diego Center for Mucosal Immunology, Allergy, and Vaccine, La Jolla, CA 92093.,Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Nowarski R, Jackson R, Flavell RA. The Stromal Intervention: Regulation of Immunity and Inflammation at the Epithelial-Mesenchymal Barrier. Cell 2017; 168:362-375. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2016.11.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Revised: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
|
48
|
Abstract
The P2X7 receptor is a trimeric ion channel gated by extracellular adenosine 5'-triphosphate. The receptor is present on an increasing number of different cells types including stem, blood, glial, neural, ocular, bone, dental, exocrine, endothelial, muscle, renal and skin cells. The P2X7 receptor induces various downstream events in a cell-specific manner, including inflammatory molecule release, cell proliferation and death, metabolic events, and phagocytosis. As such this receptor plays important roles in heath and disease. Increasing knowledge about the P2X7 receptor has been gained from studies of, but not limited to, protein chemistry including cloning, site-directed mutagenesis, crystal structures and atomic modeling, as well as from studies of primary tissues and transgenic mice. This chapter focuses on the P2X7 receptor itself. This includes the P2RX7 gene and its products including splice and polymorphic variants. This chapter also reviews modulators of P2X7 receptor activation and inhibition, as well as the transcriptional regulation of the P2RX7 gene via its promoter and enhancer regions, and by microRNA and long-coding RNA. Furthermore, this chapter discusses the post-translational modification of the P2X7 receptor by N-linked glycosylation, adenosine 5'-diphosphate ribosylation and palmitoylation. Finally, this chapter reviews interaction partners of the P2X7 receptor, and its cellular localisation and trafficking within cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ronald Sluyter
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia. .,Centre for Medical and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia. .,Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Yoshida K, Ito M, Matsuoka I. Divergent regulatory roles of extracellular ATP in the degranulation response of mouse bone marrow-derived mast cells. Int Immunopharmacol 2016; 43:99-107. [PMID: 27988461 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2016.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Revised: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) play a critical role in allergic inflammation. Although purinergic signalling is implicated in the regulation of various immune responses, its role in MC function is not fully understood. In this study, we investigated the regulatory role of purinergic signalling in MC degranulation, using mouse bone marrow-derived mast cells (BMMCs). Notably, BMMCs expressed various functional P2 adenosine triphosphate (ATP) receptors, including ionotropic P2X4 and P2X7, involved in the regulation of BMMC degranulation. Thus, P2X7 receptor activation induced a marked degranulation from BMMCs directly. Although P2X4 receptor activation did not independently induce degranulation, it significantly potentiated the degranulation triggered by antigen-induced, high-affinity IgE receptor (FcεRI) stimulation. In addition, ATP synergistically augmented degranulation induced by adenosine A3 receptor activation. Moreover, BMMCs highly expressed ecto-nucleotidase CD39, but not ecto-5'-nucleotidase (CD73), and were therefore unable to directly convert ATP to adenosine. However, in the presence of CD73-expressing cells, ATP-mediated BMMC stimulation caused a marked degranulation in a CD73- and adenosine-dependent manner. These results demonstrate that purinergic signalling plays an important role in MC degranulation through at least three distinct mechanisms: (1) higher ATP concentrations directly induce degranulation via P2X7 receptor activation, (2) lower ATP concentrations augment FcεRI-mediated degranulation via P2X4 receptor activation, and (3) in an ecto-nucleotidase-enrich environment, ATP and the converted product adenosine induce a synergistic degranulation by P1 and P2 receptor co-activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Yoshida
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Takasaki University of Health and Welfare, 60 Nakaorui-machi, Takasaki-shi, Gunma 370-0033, Japan
| | - Masaaki Ito
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Takasaki University of Health and Welfare, 60 Nakaorui-machi, Takasaki-shi, Gunma 370-0033, Japan
| | - Isao Matsuoka
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Takasaki University of Health and Welfare, 60 Nakaorui-machi, Takasaki-shi, Gunma 370-0033, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Tsurusaki S, Tahara-Hanaoka S, Shibagaki S, Miyake S, Imai M, Shibayama S, Kubo M, Shibuya A. Allergin-1 inhibits TLR2-mediated mast cell activation and suppresses dermatitis. Int Immunol 2016; 28:605-609. [DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxw046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
|