1
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Kinoshita H, Martinez-Ordoñez A, Cid-Diaz T, Han Q, Duran A, Muta Y, Zhang X, Linares JF, Nakanishi Y, Kasashima H, Yashiro M, Maeda K, Albaladejo-Gonzalez A, Torres-Moreno D, García-Solano J, Conesa-Zamora P, Inghirami G, Diaz-Meco MT, Moscat J. Epithelial aPKC deficiency leads to stem cell loss preceding metaplasia in colorectal cancer initiation. Dev Cell 2024; 59:1972-1987.e8. [PMID: 38815584 PMCID: PMC11303105 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2024.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
The early mechanisms of spontaneous tumor initiation that precede malignancy are largely unknown. We show that reduced aPKC levels correlate with stem cell loss and the induction of revival and metaplastic programs in serrated- and conventional-initiated premalignant lesions, which is perpetuated in colorectal cancers (CRCs). Acute inactivation of PKCλ/ι in vivo and in mouse organoids is sufficient to stimulate JNK in non-transformed intestinal epithelial cells (IECs), which promotes cell death and the rapid loss of the intestinal stem cells (ISCs), including those that are LGR5+. This is followed by the accumulation of revival stem cells (RSCs) at the bottom of the crypt and fetal-metaplastic cells (FMCs) at the top, creating two spatiotemporally distinct cell populations that depend on JNK-induced AP-1 and YAP. These cell lineage changes are maintained during cancer initiation and progression and determine the aggressive phenotype of human CRC, irrespective of their serrated or conventional origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroto Kinoshita
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Anxo Martinez-Ordoñez
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Tania Cid-Diaz
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Qixiu Han
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Angeles Duran
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Yu Muta
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Juan F Linares
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Yuki Nakanishi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kasashima
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahimachi, Abeno-ku, Osaka city 545-8585, Japan
| | - Masakazu Yashiro
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahimachi, Abeno-ku, Osaka city 545-8585, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Maeda
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahimachi, Abeno-ku, Osaka city 545-8585, Japan
| | - Ana Albaladejo-Gonzalez
- Department of Histology and Pathology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Católica de Murcia (UCAM), 30107 Murcia, Spain; Department of Pathology, Santa Lucía General University Hospital (HGUSL), Calle Mezquita sn, 30202 Cartagena, Spain
| | - Daniel Torres-Moreno
- Department of Histology and Pathology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Católica de Murcia (UCAM), 30107 Murcia, Spain; Department of Clinical Analysis, Santa Lucía General University Hospital (HGUSL), Calle Mezquita sn, 30202 Cartagena, Spain
| | - José García-Solano
- Department of Histology and Pathology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Católica de Murcia (UCAM), 30107 Murcia, Spain; Department of Pathology, Santa Lucía General University Hospital (HGUSL), Calle Mezquita sn, 30202 Cartagena, Spain
| | - Pablo Conesa-Zamora
- Department of Histology and Pathology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Católica de Murcia (UCAM), 30107 Murcia, Spain; Department of Clinical Analysis, Santa Lucía General University Hospital (HGUSL), Calle Mezquita sn, 30202 Cartagena, Spain
| | - Giorgio Inghirami
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Maria T Diaz-Meco
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA.
| | - Jorge Moscat
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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2
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Gao C, Ge H, Kuan SF, Cai C, Lu X, Esni F, Schoen RE, Wang JH, Chu E, Hu J. FAK loss reduces BRAF V600E-induced ERK phosphorylation to promote intestinal stemness and cecal tumor formation. eLife 2024; 13:RP94605. [PMID: 38921956 PMCID: PMC11208045 DOI: 10.7554/elife.94605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BRAFV600E mutation is a driver mutation in the serrated pathway to colorectal cancers. BRAFV600E drives tumorigenesis through constitutive downstream extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activation, but high-intensity ERK activation can also trigger tumor suppression. Whether and how oncogenic ERK signaling can be intrinsically adjusted to a 'just-right' level optimal for tumorigenesis remains undetermined. In this study, we found that FAK (Focal adhesion kinase) expression was reduced in BRAFV600E-mutant adenomas/polyps in mice and patients. In Vil1-Cre;BRAFLSL-V600E/+;Ptk2fl/fl mice, Fak deletion maximized BRAFV600E's oncogenic activity and increased cecal tumor incidence to 100%. Mechanistically, our results showed that Fak loss, without jeopardizing BRAFV600E-induced ERK pathway transcriptional output, reduced EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor)-dependent ERK phosphorylation. Reduction in ERK phosphorylation increased the level of Lgr4, promoting intestinal stemness and cecal tumor formation. Our findings show that a 'just-right' ERK signaling optimal for BRAFV600E-induced cecal tumor formation can be achieved via Fak loss-mediated downregulation of ERK phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxi Gao
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghUnited States
| | - Huaibin Ge
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of PittsburghPittsburghUnited States
| | - Shih-Fan Kuan
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghUnited States
| | - Chunhui Cai
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of PittsburghPittsburghUnited States
| | - Xinghua Lu
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of PittsburghPittsburghUnited States
| | - Farzad Esni
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghUnited States
| | - Robert E Schoen
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghUnited States
| | - Jing H Wang
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of PittsburghPittsburghUnited States
| | - Edward Chu
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of PittsburghPittsburghUnited States
| | - Jing Hu
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghUnited States
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3
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Lambies G, Lee SW, Duong-Polk K, Aza-Blanc P, Maganti S, Dawson DW, Commisso C. Cell polarity proteins promote macropinocytosis in response to metabolic stress. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.16.575943. [PMID: 38293142 PMCID: PMC10827152 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.16.575943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Macropinocytosis has emerged as a nutrient-scavenging pathway that cancer cells exploit to survive the nutrient-deprived conditions of the tumor microenvironment. Cancer cells are especially reliant on glutamine for their survival, and in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cells, glutamine deficiency can enhance the stimulation of macropinocytosis, allowing the cells to escape metabolic stress through the production of extracellular-protein-derived amino acids. Here, we identify the atypical protein kinase C (aPKC) enzymes, PKCζ and PKCι as novel regulators of macropinocytosis. In normal epithelial cells, aPKCs are known to regulate cell polarity in association with the scaffold proteins Par3 and Par6, controlling the function of several targets, including the Par1 kinases. In PDAC cells, we identify that each of these cell polarity proteins are required for glutamine stress-induced macropinocytosis. Mechanistically, we find that the aPKCs are regulated by EGFR signaling or by the transcription factor CREM to promote the relocation of Par3 to microtubules, facilitating macropinocytosis in a dynein-dependent manner. Importantly, we determine that cell fitness impairment caused by aPKC depletion is rescued by the restoration of macropinocytosis and that aPKCs support PDAC growth in vivo. These results identify a previously unappreciated role for cell polarity proteins in the regulation of macropinocytosis and provide a better understanding of the mechanistic underpinnings that control macropinocytic uptake in the context of metabolic stress.
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4
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Gao C, Ge H, Kuan SF, Cai C, Lu X, Esni F, Schoen R, Wang J, Chu E, Hu J. FAK loss reduces BRAF V600E-induced ERK phosphorylation to promote intestinal stemness and cecal tumor formation. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-2531119. [PMID: 36778401 PMCID: PMC9915899 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2531119/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BRAF V600E mutation is a driver mutation in the serrated pathway to colorectal cancers. BRAFV600E drives tumorigenesis through constitutive downstream extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activation, but high-intensity ERK activation can also trigger tumor suppression. Whether and how oncogenic ERK signaling can be intrinsically adjusted to a "just-right" level optimal for tumorigenesis remains undetermined. In this study, we found that FAK (Focal adhesion kinase) expression was reduced in BRAFV600E-mutant adenomas/polyps in mice and patients. In Vill-Cre;BRAFV600E/+;Fakfl/fl mice, Fak deletion maximized BRAFV600E's oncogenic activity and increased cecal tumor incidence to 100%. Mechanistically, our results showed that Fak loss, without jeopardizing BRAFV600E-induced ERK pathway transcriptional output, reduced EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor)-dependent ERK phosphorylation. Reduction in ERK phosphorylation increased the level of Lgr4, promoting intestinal stemness and cecal tumor formation. Our findings show that a "just-right" ERK signaling optimal for BRAFV600E-induced cecal tumor formation can be achieved via Fak loss-mediated downregulation of ERK phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jing Wang
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center/University of Pittsburgh
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5
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Aiderus A, Barker N, Tergaonkar V. Serrated colorectal cancer: preclinical models and molecular pathways. Trends Cancer 2024; 10:76-91. [PMID: 37880007 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2023.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Serrated lesions are histologically heterogeneous, and detection can be challenging as these lesions have subtle features that may be missed by endoscopy. Furthermore, while approximately 30% of colorectal cancers (CRCs) arise from serrated lesions, only 8-10% of invasive serrated CRCs exhibit serrated morphology at presentation, suggesting potential loss of apparent characteristics with increased malignancy. Thus, understanding the genetic basis driving serrated CRC initiation and progression is critical to improve diagnosis and identify therapeutic biomarkers and targets to guide disease management. This review discusses the preclinical models of serrated CRCs reported to date and how these systems have been used to provide mechanistic insights into tumor initiation, progression, and novel treatment targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aziz Aiderus
- Laboratory of NFκB Signalling, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore 138673, Republic of Singapore.
| | - Nick Barker
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (NUS), 2 Medical Drive, MD9, Singapore 117593, Republic of Singapore; Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore 138673, Republic of Singapore
| | - Vinay Tergaonkar
- Laboratory of NFκB Signalling, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore 138673, Republic of Singapore; Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (NUS), 8 Medical Drive, MD7, Singapore 117596, Republic of Singapore
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6
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Peglion F, Etienne-Manneville S. Cell polarity changes in cancer initiation and progression. J Cell Biol 2024; 223:e202308069. [PMID: 38091012 PMCID: PMC10720656 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202308069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell polarity, which consists of the morphological, structural, and functional organization of cells along a defined axis, is a feature of healthy cells and tissues. In contrast, abnormal polarity is a hallmark of cancer cells. At the molecular level, key evolutionarily conserved proteins that control polarity establishment and maintenance in various contexts are frequently altered in cancer, but the relevance of these molecular alterations in the oncogenic processes is not always clear. Here, we summarize the recent findings, shedding new light on the involvement of polarity players in cancer development, and discuss the possibility of harnessing cell polarity changes to better predict, diagnose, and cure cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florent Peglion
- Cell Polarity, Migration and Cancer Unit, Université de Paris, UMR3691 CNRS, Equipe Labellisée Ligue 2023, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Sandrine Etienne-Manneville
- Cell Polarity, Migration and Cancer Unit, Université de Paris, UMR3691 CNRS, Equipe Labellisée Ligue 2023, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
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7
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Muta Y, Linares JF, Martinez-Ordoñez A, Duran A, Cid-Diaz T, Kinoshita H, Zhang X, Han Q, Nakanishi Y, Nakanishi N, Cordes T, Arora GK, Ruiz-Martinez M, Reina-Campos M, Kasashima H, Yashiro M, Maeda K, Albaladejo-Gonzalez A, Torres-Moreno D, García-Solano J, Conesa-Zamora P, Inghirami G, Metallo CM, Osborne TF, Diaz-Meco MT, Moscat J. Enhanced SREBP2-driven cholesterol biosynthesis by PKCλ/ι deficiency in intestinal epithelial cells promotes aggressive serrated tumorigenesis. Nat Commun 2023; 14:8075. [PMID: 38092754 PMCID: PMC10719313 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43690-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The metabolic and signaling pathways regulating aggressive mesenchymal colorectal cancer (CRC) initiation and progression through the serrated route are largely unknown. Although relatively well characterized as BRAF mutant cancers, their poor response to current targeted therapy, difficult preneoplastic detection, and challenging endoscopic resection make the identification of their metabolic requirements a priority. Here, we demonstrate that the phosphorylation of SCAP by the atypical PKC (aPKC), PKCλ/ι promotes its degradation and inhibits the processing and activation of SREBP2, the master regulator of cholesterol biosynthesis. We show that the upregulation of SREBP2 and cholesterol by reduced aPKC levels is essential for controlling metaplasia and generating the most aggressive cell subpopulation in serrated tumors in mice and humans. Since these alterations are also detected prior to neoplastic transformation, together with the sensitivity of these tumors to cholesterol metabolism inhibitors, our data indicate that targeting cholesterol biosynthesis is a potential mechanism for serrated chemoprevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Muta
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Juan F Linares
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Anxo Martinez-Ordoñez
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Angeles Duran
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Tania Cid-Diaz
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Hiroto Kinoshita
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Qixiu Han
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Yuki Nakanishi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Naoko Nakanishi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Thekla Cordes
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biochemistry, Braunschweig Integrated Centre of Systems Biology (BRICS), Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, 38106, Germany
| | - Gurpreet K Arora
- Cell and Molecular Biology of Cancer Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Marc Ruiz-Martinez
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Miguel Reina-Campos
- School of Biological Sciences, Department of Molecular Biology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Hiroaki Kasashima
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahimachi, Abeno-ku, Osaka city, 545-8585, Japan
| | - Masakazu Yashiro
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahimachi, Abeno-ku, Osaka city, 545-8585, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Maeda
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahimachi, Abeno-ku, Osaka city, 545-8585, Japan
| | - Ana Albaladejo-Gonzalez
- Department of Histology and Pathology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Católica de Murcia (UCAM), 30107, Murcia, Spain
- Department of Pathology, Santa Lucía General University Hospital (HGUSL), Calle Mezquita sn, 30202, Cartagena, Spain
| | - Daniel Torres-Moreno
- Department of Histology and Pathology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Católica de Murcia (UCAM), 30107, Murcia, Spain
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Santa Lucía General University Hospital (HGUSL), Calle Mezquita sn, 30202, Cartagena, Spain
| | - José García-Solano
- Department of Histology and Pathology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Católica de Murcia (UCAM), 30107, Murcia, Spain
- Department of Pathology, Santa Lucía General University Hospital (HGUSL), Calle Mezquita sn, 30202, Cartagena, Spain
| | - Pablo Conesa-Zamora
- Department of Histology and Pathology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Católica de Murcia (UCAM), 30107, Murcia, Spain
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Santa Lucía General University Hospital (HGUSL), Calle Mezquita sn, 30202, Cartagena, Spain
| | - Giorgio Inghirami
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Christian M Metallo
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Timothy F Osborne
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital, St, Petersburg, FL, USA
| | - Maria T Diaz-Meco
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
| | - Jorge Moscat
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
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8
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Omatsu M, Nakanishi Y, Iwane K, Aoyama N, Duran A, Muta Y, Martinez-Ordoñez A, Han Q, Agatsuma N, Mizukoshi K, Kawai M, Yamakawa G, Namikawa M, Hamada K, Fukunaga Y, Utsumi T, Sono M, Masuda T, Hata A, Araki O, Nagao M, Yoshikawa T, Ogawa S, Hiramatsu Y, Tsuda M, Maruno T, Kogame T, Kasashima H, Kakiuchi N, Nakagawa MM, Kawada K, Yashiro M, Maeda K, Saito Y, Matozaki T, Fukuda A, Kabashima K, Obama K, Ogawa S, Sheibani N, Diaz-Meco MT, Moscat J, Seno H. THBS1-producing tumor-infiltrating monocyte-like cells contribute to immunosuppression and metastasis in colorectal cancer. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5534. [PMID: 37749092 PMCID: PMC10520015 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41095-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal activation, characterized by dense stromal infiltration of immune and mesenchymal cells, fuels the aggressiveness of colorectal cancers (CRC), driving progression and metastasis. Targetable molecules in the tumor microenvironment (TME) need to be identified to improve the outcome in CRC patients with this aggressive phenotype. This study reports a positive link between high thrombospondin-1 (THBS1) expression and mesenchymal characteristics, immunosuppression, and unfavorable CRC prognosis. Bone marrow-derived monocyte-like cells recruited by CXCL12 are the primary source of THBS1, which contributes to the development of metastasis by inducing cytotoxic T-cell exhaustion and impairing vascularization. Furthermore, in orthotopically generated CRC models in male mice, THBS1 loss in the TME renders tumors partially sensitive to immune checkpoint inhibitors and anti-cancer drugs. Our study establishes THBS1 as a potential biomarker for identifying mesenchymal CRC and as a critical suppressor of antitumor immunity that contributes to the progression of this malignancy with a poor prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayuki Omatsu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yuki Nakanishi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Kosuke Iwane
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Naoki Aoyama
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Angeles Duran
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Yu Muta
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, USA
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Anxo Martinez-Ordoñez
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Qixiu Han
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Nobukazu Agatsuma
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kenta Mizukoshi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Munenori Kawai
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Go Yamakawa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Mio Namikawa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kensuke Hamada
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yuichi Fukunaga
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
- Cancer Research Unit, Sumitomo Pharma Co., Ltd, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takahiro Utsumi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Makoto Sono
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tomonori Masuda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akitaka Hata
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Osamu Araki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Munemasa Nagao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takaaki Yoshikawa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Satoshi Ogawa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yukiko Hiramatsu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Motoyuki Tsuda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takahisa Maruno
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Kogame
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kasashima
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Kakiuchi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
- The Hakubi Center for Advanced Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | - Kenji Kawada
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Kyoto University, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masakazu Yashiro
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Maeda
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Saito
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Takashi Matozaki
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
- Division of Biosignal Regulation, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Akihisa Fukuda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kenji Kabashima
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Obama
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Kyoto University, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Seishi Ogawa
- Department of Pathology and Tumor Biology, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Nader Sheibani
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin-, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Maria T Diaz-Meco
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Jorge Moscat
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Hiroshi Seno
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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9
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Utsumi T, Yamada Y, Diaz-Meco MT, Moscat J, Nakanishi Y. Sessile serrated lesions with dysplasia: is it possible to nip them in the bud? J Gastroenterol 2023; 58:705-717. [PMID: 37219625 PMCID: PMC10366009 DOI: 10.1007/s00535-023-02003-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The serrated neoplasia pathway constitutes an "alternative route" to colorectal cancer (CRC), and sessile serrated lesions with dysplasia (SSLDs) are an intermediate step between sessile serrated lesions (SSLs) and invasive CRC in this pathway. While SSLs show indolent growth before becoming dysplastic (> 10-15 years), SSLDs are considered to rapidly progress to either immunogenic microsatellite instable-high (MSI-H) CRC (presumably 75% of cases) or mesenchymal microsatellite stable (MSS) CRC. Their flat shapes and the relatively short window of this intermediate state make it difficult to detect and diagnose SSLDs; thus, these lesions are potent precursors of post-colonoscopy/interval cancers. Confusing terminology and the lack of longitudinal observation data of serrated polyps have hampered the accumulation of knowledge about SSLDs; however, a growing body of evidence has started to clarify their characteristics and biology. Together with recent efforts to incorporate terminology, histological studies of SSLDs have identified distinct dysplastic patterns and revealed alterations in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Molecular studies at the single-cell level have identified distinct gene alterations in both the epithelium and the TME. Mouse serrated tumor models have demonstrated the importance of TME in disease progression. Advances in colonoscopy provide clues to distinguish pre-malignant from non-malignant-SSLs. Recent progress in all aspects of the field has enhanced our understanding of the biology of SSLDs. The aim of this review article was to assess the current knowledge of SSLDs and highlight their clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Utsumi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 54 Kawaharacho, Shogoin, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Yosuke Yamada
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Maria Teresa Diaz-Meco
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Jorge Moscat
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Yuki Nakanishi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 54 Kawaharacho, Shogoin, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.
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10
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Martinez-Ordoñez A, Duran A, Ruiz-Martinez M, Cid-Diaz T, Zhang X, Han Q, Kinoshita H, Muta Y, Linares JF, Kasashima H, Nakanishi Y, Omar M, Nishimura S, Avila L, Yashiro M, Maeda K, Pannellini T, Pigazzi A, Inghirami G, Marchionni L, Sigal D, Diaz-Meco MT, Moscat J. Hyaluronan driven by epithelial aPKC deficiency remodels the microenvironment and creates a vulnerability in mesenchymal colorectal cancer. Cancer Cell 2023; 41:252-271.e9. [PMID: 36525970 PMCID: PMC9931663 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2022.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal colorectal cancer (mCRC) is microsatellite stable (MSS), highly desmoplastic, with CD8+ T cells excluded to the stromal periphery, resistant to immunotherapy, and driven by low levels of the atypical protein kinase Cs (aPKCs) in the intestinal epithelium. We show here that a salient feature of these tumors is the accumulation of hyaluronan (HA) which, along with reduced aPKC levels, predicts poor survival. HA promotes epithelial heterogeneity and the emergence of a tumor fetal metaplastic cell (TFMC) population endowed with invasive cancer features through a network of interactions with activated fibroblasts. TFMCs are sensitive to HA deposition, and their metaplastic markers have prognostic value. We demonstrate that in vivo HA degradation with a clinical dose of hyaluronidase impairs mCRC tumorigenesis and liver metastasis and enables immune checkpoint blockade therapy by promoting the recruitment of B and CD8+ T cells, including a proportion with resident memory features, and by blocking immunosuppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anxo Martinez-Ordoñez
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Angeles Duran
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Marc Ruiz-Martinez
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Tania Cid-Diaz
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Qixiu Han
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Hiroto Kinoshita
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Yu Muta
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Juan F Linares
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Hiroaki Kasashima
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahimachi, Abeno-ku, Osaka City 545-8585, Japan
| | - Yuki Nakanishi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Mohamed Omar
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Sadaaki Nishimura
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Leandro Avila
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Masakazu Yashiro
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahimachi, Abeno-ku, Osaka City 545-8585, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Maeda
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahimachi, Abeno-ku, Osaka City 545-8585, Japan
| | - Tania Pannellini
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Alessio Pigazzi
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Giorgio Inghirami
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Luigi Marchionni
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Darren Sigal
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Scripps Clinic, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Maria T Diaz-Meco
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA.
| | - Jorge Moscat
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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11
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Okamura T, Hamaguchi M, Hasegawa Y, Hashimoto Y, Majima S, Senmaru T, Ushigome E, Nakanishi N, Asano M, Yamazaki M, Sasano R, Nakanishi Y, Seno H, Takano H, Fukui M. Oral Exposure to Polystyrene Microplastics of Mice on a Normal or High-Fat Diet and Intestinal and Metabolic Outcomes. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2023; 131:27006. [PMID: 36821708 PMCID: PMC9945580 DOI: 10.1289/ehp11072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microplastics (MPs) are small particles of plastic (≤5mm in diameter). In recent years, oral exposure to MPs in living organisms has been a cause of concern. Leaky gut syndrome (LGS), associated with a high-fat diet (HFD) in mice, can increase the entry of foreign substances into the body through the intestinal mucosa. OBJECTIVES We aimed to evaluate the pathophysiology of intestinal outcomes associated with consuming a high-fat diet and simultaneous intake of MPs, focusing on endocrine and metabolic systems. METHODS C57BL6/J mice were fed a normal diet (ND) or HFD with or without polystyrene MP for 4 wk to investigate differences in glucose tolerance, intestinal permeability, gut microbiota, as well as metabolites in serum, feces, and liver. RESULTS In comparison with HFD mice, mice fed the HFD with MPs had higher blood glucose, serum lipid concentrations, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) activity scores. Permeability and goblet cell count of the small intestine (SI) in HFD-fed mice were higher and lower, respectively, than in ND-fed mice. There was no obvious difference in the number of inflammatory cells in the SI lamina propria between mice fed the ND and mice fed the ND with MP, but there were more inflammatory cells and fewer anti-inflammatory cells in mice fed the HFD with MPs in comparison with mice fed the HFD without MPs. The expression of genes related to inflammation, long-chain fatty acid transporter, and Na+/glucose cotransporter was significantly higher in mice fed the HFD with MPs than in mice fed the HFD without MPs. Furthermore, the genus Desulfovibrio was significantly more abundant in the intestines of mice fed the HFD with MPs in comparison with mice fed the HFD without MPs. Muc2 gene expression was decreased when palmitic acid and microplastics were added to the murine intestinal epithelial cell line MODE-K cells, and Muc2 gene expression was increased when IL-22 was added. DISCUSSION Our findings suggest that in this study, MP induced metabolic disturbances, such as diabetes and NAFLD, only in mice fed a high-fat diet. These findings suggest that LGS might have been triggered by HFD, causing MPs to be deposited in the intestinal mucosa, resulting in inflammation of the intestinal mucosal intrinsic layer and thereby altering nutrient absorption. These results highlight the need for reducing oral exposure to MPs through remedial environmental measures to improve metabolic disturbance under high-fat diet conditions. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP11072.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuro Okamura
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masahide Hamaguchi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yuka Hasegawa
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Hashimoto
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Saori Majima
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takafumi Senmaru
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Emi Ushigome
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Naoko Nakanishi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Mai Asano
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masahiro Yamazaki
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | - Yuki Nakanishi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Seno
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hirohisa Takano
- Environmental Health Sciences, Graduate School of Global Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Michiaki Fukui
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto, Japan
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12
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Moscat J, Linares JF, Duran A, Diaz-Meco MT. Protein kinase Cλ/ι in cancer: a contextual balance of time and signals. Trends Cell Biol 2022; 32:1023-1034. [PMID: 35501226 PMCID: PMC9716658 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2022.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Nononcogenic cancer drivers often impinge on complex signals that create new addictions and vulnerabilities. Protein kinase Cλ/ι (PKCλ/ι) suppresses tumorigenesis by blocking metabolic pathways that regulate fuel oxidation and create building blocks for the epigenetic control of cell differentiation. Reduced levels of PKCλ/ι unleash these pathways to promote tumorigenesis, but the simultaneous activation of the STING-driven interferon cascade prevents tumor initiation by triggering immunosurveillance mechanisms. However, depending on the context of other signaling pathways, such as WNT/β-catenin or PKCζ, and timing, PKCλ/ι deletion can promote or inhibit tumorigenesis. In this review, we discuss in detail the molecular and cellular underpinnings of PKCλ/ι functions in cancer with the perspective of the crosstalk between metabolism and inflammation in the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Moscat
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA.
| | - Juan F Linares
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Angeles Duran
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Maria T Diaz-Meco
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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13
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Drug Resistance in Colorectal Cancer: From Mechanism to Clinic. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14122928. [PMID: 35740594 PMCID: PMC9221177 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14122928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. The 5-year survival rate is 90% for patients with early CRC, 70% for patients with locally advanced CRC, and 15% for patients with metastatic CRC (mCRC). In fact, most CRC patients are at an advanced stage at the time of diagnosis. Although chemotherapy, molecularly targeted therapy and immunotherapy have significantly improved patient survival, some patients are initially insensitive to these drugs or initially sensitive but quickly become insensitive, and the emergence of such primary and secondary drug resistance is a significant clinical challenge. The most direct cause of resistance is the aberrant anti-tumor drug metabolism, transportation or target. With more in-depth research, it is found that cell death pathways, carcinogenic signals, compensation feedback loop signal pathways and tumor immune microenvironment also play essential roles in the drug resistance mechanism. Here, we assess the current major mechanisms of CRC resistance and describe potential therapeutic interventions.
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14
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Linares JF, Cid-Diaz T, Duran A, Osrodek M, Martinez-Ordoñez A, Reina-Campos M, Kuo HH, Elemento O, Martin ML, Cordes T, Thompson TC, Metallo CM, Moscat J, Diaz-Meco MT. The lactate-NAD + axis activates cancer-associated fibroblasts by downregulating p62. Cell Rep 2022; 39:110792. [PMID: 35545049 PMCID: PMC9136538 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Reduced p62 levels are associated with the induction of the cancer-associated fibroblast (CAF) phenotype, which promotes tumorigenesis in vitro and in vivo through inflammation and metabolic reprogramming. However, how p62 is downregulated in the stroma fibroblasts by tumor cells to drive CAF activation is an unresolved central issue in the field. Here we show that tumor-secreted lactate downregulates p62 transcriptionally through a mechanism involving reduction of the NAD+/NADH ratio, which impairs poly(ADP-ribose)-polymerase 1 (PARP-1) activity. PARP-1 inhibition blocks the poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation of the AP-1 transcription factors, c-FOS and c-JUN, which is an obligate step for p62 downregulation. Importantly, restoring p62 levels in CAFs by NAD+ renders CAFs less active. PARP inhibitors, such as olaparib, mimick lactate in the reduction of stromal p62 levels, as well as the subsequent stromal activation both in vitro and in vivo, which suggests that therapies using olaparib would benefit from strategies aimed at inhibiting CAF activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan F. Linares
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA,These authors contributed equally
| | - Tania Cid-Diaz
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA,These authors contributed equally
| | - Angeles Duran
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Marta Osrodek
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Anxo Martinez-Ordoñez
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | | | - Hui-Hsuan Kuo
- Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Olivier Elemento
- Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - M. Laura Martin
- Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Thekla Cordes
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Timothy C. Thompson
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Christian M. Metallo
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA,Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Jorge Moscat
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA.
| | - Maria T. Diaz-Meco
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA,Lead contact,Correspondence: (J.M.), (M.T.D.-M.)
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15
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Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) signalling controls multiple cell fate decisions during development and tissue homeostasis; hence, dysregulation of this pathway can drive several diseases, including cancer. Here we discuss the influence that TGFβ exerts on the composition and behaviour of different cell populations present in the tumour immune microenvironment, and the context-dependent functions of this cytokine in suppressing or promoting cancer. During homeostasis, TGFβ controls inflammatory responses triggered by exposure to the outside milieu in barrier tissues. Lack of TGFβ exacerbates inflammation, leading to tissue damage and cellular transformation. In contrast, as tumours progress, they leverage TGFβ to drive an unrestrained wound-healing programme in cancer-associated fibroblasts, as well as to suppress the adaptive immune system and the innate immune system. In consonance with this key role in reprogramming the tumour microenvironment, emerging data demonstrate that TGFβ-inhibitory therapies can restore cancer immunity. Indeed, this approach can synergize with other immunotherapies - including immune checkpoint blockade - to unleash robust antitumour immune responses in preclinical cancer models. Despite initial challenges in clinical translation, these findings have sparked the development of multiple therapeutic strategies that inhibit the TGFβ pathway, many of which are currently in clinical evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele V F Tauriello
- Department of Cell Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Elena Sancho
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eduard Batlle
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Barcelona, Spain.
- Institucio Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain.
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16
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PKCλ/ι inhibition activates an ULK2-mediated interferon response to repress tumorigenesis. Mol Cell 2021; 81:4509-4526.e10. [PMID: 34560002 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2021.08.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The interferon (IFN) pathway is critical for cytotoxic T cell activation, which is central to tumor immunosurveillance and successful immunotherapy. We demonstrate here that PKCλ/ι inactivation results in the hyper-stimulation of the IFN cascade and the enhanced recruitment of CD8+ T cells that impaired the growth of intestinal tumors. PKCλ/ι directly phosphorylates and represses the activity of ULK2, promoting its degradation through an endosomal microautophagy-driven ubiquitin-dependent mechanism. Loss of PKCλ/ι results in increased levels of enzymatically active ULK2, which, by direct phosphorylation, activates TBK1 to foster the activation of the STING-mediated IFN response. PKCλ/ι inactivation also triggers autophagy, which prevents STING degradation by chaperone-mediated autophagy. Thus, PKCλ/ι is a hub regulating the IFN pathway and three autophagic mechanisms that serve to maintain its homeostatic control. Importantly, single-cell multiplex imaging and bioinformatics analysis demonstrated that low PKCλ/ι levels correlate with enhanced IFN signaling and good prognosis in colorectal cancer patients.
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17
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Abstract
The mutational landscape of colorectal cancer (CRC) does not enable predictions to be made about the survival of patients or their response to therapy. Instead, studying the polarization and activation profiles of immune cells and stromal cells in the tumour microenvironment has been shown to be more informative, thus making CRC a prototypical example of the importance of an inflammatory microenvironment for tumorigenesis. Here, we review our current understanding of how colon cancer cells interact with their microenvironment, comprised of immune cells, stromal cells and the intestinal microbiome, to suppress or escape immune responses and how inflammatory processes shape the immune pathogenesis of CRC.
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18
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Leach JDG, Vlahov N, Tsantoulis P, Ridgway RA, Flanagan DJ, Gilroy K, Sphyris N, Vázquez EG, Vincent DF, Faller WJ, Hodder MC, Raven A, Fey S, Najumudeen AK, Strathdee D, Nixon C, Hughes M, Clark W, Shaw R, van Hooff SR, Huels DJ, Medema JP, Barry ST, Frame MC, Unciti-Broceta A, Leedham SJ, Inman GJ, Jackstadt R, Thompson BJ, Campbell AD, Tejpar S, Sansom OJ. Oncogenic BRAF, unrestrained by TGFβ-receptor signalling, drives right-sided colonic tumorigenesis. Nat Commun 2021. [PMID: 34103493 DOI: 10.1038/s41467‐021‐23717‐5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Right-sided (proximal) colorectal cancer (CRC) has a poor prognosis and a distinct mutational profile, characterized by oncogenic BRAF mutations and aberrations in mismatch repair and TGFβ signalling. Here, we describe a mouse model of right-sided colon cancer driven by oncogenic BRAF and loss of epithelial TGFβ-receptor signalling. The proximal colonic tumours that develop in this model exhibit a foetal-like progenitor phenotype (Ly6a/Sca1+) and, importantly, lack expression of Lgr5 and its associated intestinal stem cell signature. These features are recapitulated in human BRAF-mutant, right-sided CRCs and represent fundamental differences between left- and right-sided disease. Microbial-driven inflammation supports the initiation and progression of these tumours with foetal-like characteristics, consistent with their predilection for the microbe-rich right colon and their antibiotic sensitivity. While MAPK-pathway activating mutations drive this foetal-like signature via ERK-dependent activation of the transcriptional coactivator YAP, the same foetal-like transcriptional programs are also initiated by inflammation in a MAPK-independent manner. Importantly, in both contexts, epithelial TGFβ-receptor signalling is instrumental in suppressing the tumorigenic potential of these foetal-like progenitor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua D G Leach
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK.,Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Petros Tsantoulis
- Department of Medical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Department of Oncology, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | - Ester G Vázquez
- Gastrointestinal Stem Cell Biology Lab, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - William J Faller
- Division of Oncogenomics, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Michael C Hodder
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK.,Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Sigrid Fey
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK.,Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | | | | | - Colin Nixon
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
| | - Mark Hughes
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Robin Shaw
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Sander R van Hooff
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology (LEXOR), Center for Experimental Molecular Medicine (CEMM) and Cancer Center Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - David J Huels
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology (LEXOR), Center for Experimental Molecular Medicine (CEMM) and Cancer Center Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Paul Medema
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology (LEXOR), Center for Experimental Molecular Medicine (CEMM) and Cancer Center Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Simon T Barry
- Bioscience, Early Oncology, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Margaret C Frame
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Asier Unciti-Broceta
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Simon J Leedham
- Gastrointestinal Stem Cell Biology Lab, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Gareth J Inman
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK.,Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Barry J Thompson
- EMBL Australia, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | | | - Sabine Tejpar
- Molecular Digestive Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Owen J Sansom
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK. .,Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
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19
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Leach JDG, Vlahov N, Tsantoulis P, Ridgway RA, Flanagan DJ, Gilroy K, Sphyris N, Vázquez EG, Vincent DF, Faller WJ, Hodder MC, Raven A, Fey S, Najumudeen AK, Strathdee D, Nixon C, Hughes M, Clark W, Shaw R, van Hooff SR, Huels DJ, Medema JP, Barry ST, Frame MC, Unciti-Broceta A, Leedham SJ, Inman GJ, Jackstadt R, Thompson BJ, Campbell AD, Tejpar S, Sansom OJ. Oncogenic BRAF, unrestrained by TGFβ-receptor signalling, drives right-sided colonic tumorigenesis. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3464. [PMID: 34103493 PMCID: PMC8187652 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23717-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Right-sided (proximal) colorectal cancer (CRC) has a poor prognosis and a distinct mutational profile, characterized by oncogenic BRAF mutations and aberrations in mismatch repair and TGFβ signalling. Here, we describe a mouse model of right-sided colon cancer driven by oncogenic BRAF and loss of epithelial TGFβ-receptor signalling. The proximal colonic tumours that develop in this model exhibit a foetal-like progenitor phenotype (Ly6a/Sca1+) and, importantly, lack expression of Lgr5 and its associated intestinal stem cell signature. These features are recapitulated in human BRAF-mutant, right-sided CRCs and represent fundamental differences between left- and right-sided disease. Microbial-driven inflammation supports the initiation and progression of these tumours with foetal-like characteristics, consistent with their predilection for the microbe-rich right colon and their antibiotic sensitivity. While MAPK-pathway activating mutations drive this foetal-like signature via ERK-dependent activation of the transcriptional coactivator YAP, the same foetal-like transcriptional programs are also initiated by inflammation in a MAPK-independent manner. Importantly, in both contexts, epithelial TGFβ-receptor signalling is instrumental in suppressing the tumorigenic potential of these foetal-like progenitor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua D G Leach
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Petros Tsantoulis
- Department of Medical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Oncology, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | - Ester G Vázquez
- Gastrointestinal Stem Cell Biology Lab, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - William J Faller
- Division of Oncogenomics, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Michael C Hodder
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Sigrid Fey
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | | | | | - Colin Nixon
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
| | - Mark Hughes
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Robin Shaw
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
| | - Sander R van Hooff
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology (LEXOR), Center for Experimental Molecular Medicine (CEMM) and Cancer Center Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - David J Huels
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology (LEXOR), Center for Experimental Molecular Medicine (CEMM) and Cancer Center Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Paul Medema
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology (LEXOR), Center for Experimental Molecular Medicine (CEMM) and Cancer Center Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Simon T Barry
- Bioscience, Early Oncology, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Margaret C Frame
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Asier Unciti-Broceta
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Simon J Leedham
- Gastrointestinal Stem Cell Biology Lab, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Gareth J Inman
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Barry J Thompson
- EMBL Australia, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | | | - Sabine Tejpar
- Molecular Digestive Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Owen J Sansom
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK.
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
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20
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Gillespie MA, Steele CW, Lannagan TR, Sansom OJ, Roxburgh CS. Pre-clinical modelling of rectal cancer to develop novel radiotherapy-based treatment strategies. Oncol Rev 2021; 15:511. [PMID: 34249240 PMCID: PMC8237517 DOI: 10.4081/oncol.2021.511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Pre-operative chemoradiotherapy reduces local recurrence rates in locally advanced rectal cancer. 10-20% of patients undergo complete response to chemoradiotherapy, however, many patients show no response. The mechanisms underlying this are poorly understood; identifying molecular and immunological factors underpinning heterogeneous responses to chemoradiotherapy, will promote development of treatment strategies to improve responses and overcome resistance mechanisms. This review describes the advances made in pre-clinical modelling of colorectal cancer, including genetically engineered mouse models, transplantation models, patient derived organoids and radiotherapy platforms to study responses to chemoradiotherapy. Relevant literature was identified through the PubMed and MEDLINE databases, using the following keywords: rectal cancer; mouse models; organoids; neo-adjuvant treatment; radiotherapy; chemotherapy. By delineating the advantages and disadvantages of available models, we discuss how modelling techniques can be utilized to address current research priorities in locally advanced rectal cancer. We provide unique insight into the potential application of pre-clinical models in the development of novel neo-adjuvant treatment strategies, which will hopefully guide future clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A. Gillespie
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | | | | | - Owen J. Sansom
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Campbell S.D. Roxburgh
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Academic Unit of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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21
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Lai DM, Bi JJ, Chen YH, Wu YD, Huang QW, Li HJ, Zhang S, Fu Z, Tong YX. CCNI2 plays a promoting role in the progression of colorectal cancer. Cancer Med 2021; 10:1913-1924. [PMID: 33620152 PMCID: PMC7957193 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.3504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignancies and most of the patients diagnosed with advanced CRC have unsatisfactory treatment effect and poor prognosis. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of CCNI2 on the development of CRC. In this sutdy, immunohistochemical staining was used to detect CCNI2 expression levels in clinical samples, meanwhile, the Kaplan‐Meier survival analysis was conducted. Celigo cell counting assay was used for screening shCCNI2s. QPCR and WB were performed to verify knockdown efficiency of CCNI2. Cell proliferation, colony formation, cell cycle, apoptosis, and mechanism investigation of CCNI2 knockdown were investigated by MTT assay, colony formation assay, fluorescence‐activated cell sorting, and human apoptosis antibody array, respectively. Otherwise, the mouse model of CCNI2 knockdown was also constructed. The results of immunohistochemical staining and qPCR indicated that CCNI2 had a high expression level in the CRC tissues and cell lines. Kaplan‐Meier survival analysis manifested that the high expression of CCNI2 suggested poor prognosis. The expression of CCNI2 was significantly reduced by CCNI2‐siRNAs, and the downregulated expression level of CCNI2 inhibited CRC cell proliferation and colony formation, arrested cell cycle in G2 phase, as well as promoted cell apoptosis. The various indexes of solid tumor in mice models indicated that CCNI2 knockdown could suppress the growth of CRC tumor. Based on the comprehensive analysis of the above results, CCNI2 was contributed to the progression of CRC and could serve as a prognostic marker for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Ming Lai
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Sun Yat-sen memorial hospital affiliated Sen Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiang-Jiang Bi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yong-Hui Chen
- Department of GI Surgery, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yu-Di Wu
- Department of GI Surgery, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Qing-Wen Huang
- Department of GI Surgery, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Hai-Jie Li
- Department of GI Surgery, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Department of GI Surgery, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zheng Fu
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Yi-Xin Tong
- Department of GI Surgery, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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22
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Mashukova A, Forteza R, Shah VN, Salas PJ. The cell polarity kinase Par1b/MARK2 activation selects specific NF-kB transcripts via phosphorylation of core mediator Med17/TRAP80. Mol Biol Cell 2021; 32:690-702. [PMID: 33596087 PMCID: PMC8108508 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e20-10-0646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Par1b/MARK2 is a Ser/Thr kinase with pleiotropic effects that participates in the generation of apico-basal polarity in Caenorhabditis elegans. It is phosphorylated by atypical PKC(ι/λ) in Thr595 and inhibited. Because previous work showed a decrease in atypical protein kinase C (aPKC) activity under proinflammatory conditions, we analyzed the hypothesis that the resulting decrease in Thr595-MARK2 with increased kinase activity may also participate in innate immunity. We confirmed that pT595-MARK2 was decreased under inflammatory stimulation. The increase in MARK2 activity was verified by Par3 delocalization and rescue with a specific inhibitor. MARK2 overexpression significantly enhanced the transcriptional activity of NF-kB for a subset of transcripts. It also resulted in phosphorylation of a single band (∼Mr 80,000) coimmunoprecipitating with RelA, identified as Med17. In vitro phosphorylation showed direct phosphorylation of Med17 in Ser152 by recombinant MARK2. Expression of S152D-Med17 mimicked the effect of MARK2 activation on downstream transcriptional regulation, which was antagonized by S152A-Med17. The decrease in pThr595 phosphorylation was validated in aPKC-deficient mouse jejunal mucosae. The transcriptional effects were confirmed in transcriptome analysis and transcript enrichment determinations in cells expressing S152D-Med17. We conclude that theMARK2-Med17 axis represents a novel form of cross-talk between polarity signaling and transcriptional regulation including, but not restricted to, innate immunity responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Mashukova
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136.,Department of Medical Education, Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Allopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33314
| | - Radia Forteza
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136
| | - Viraj N Shah
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136
| | - Pedro J Salas
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136
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23
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Goulet CR, Pouliot F. TGFβ Signaling in the Tumor Microenvironment. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1270:89-105. [PMID: 33123995 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-47189-7_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) is a pleiotropic growth factor. Under normal physiological conditions, TGFβ maintains homeostasis in mammalian tissues by restraining the growth of cells and stimulating apoptosis. However, the role of TGFβ signaling in the carcinogenesis is complex. TGFβ acts as a tumor suppressor in the early stages of disease and as a tumor promoter in its later stages where cancer cells have been relieved from TGFβ growth controls. Overproduction of TGFβ by cancer cells lead to a local fibrotic and immune-suppressive microenvironment that fosters tumor growth and correlates with invasive and metastatic behavior of the cancer cells. Here, we present an overview of the complex biology of the TGFβ family, and we discuss the roles of TGFβ signaling in carcinogenesis and how this knowledge is being leveraged to develop TGFβ inhibition therapies against the tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra Ringuette Goulet
- Oncology Division, CHU de Québec Research Center, Quebec, QC, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, QC, Canada
| | - Frédéric Pouliot
- Oncology Division, CHU de Québec Research Center, Quebec, QC, Canada.
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, QC, Canada.
- Department of surgery, CHU de Québec Research Center - Laval University, Quebec City, QC, Canada.
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24
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Parker PJ, Brown SJ, Calleja V, Chakravarty P, Cobbaut M, Linch M, Marshall JJT, Martini S, McDonald NQ, Soliman T, Watson L. Equivocal, explicit and emergent actions of PKC isoforms in cancer. Nat Rev Cancer 2021; 21:51-63. [PMID: 33177705 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-020-00310-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The maturing mutational landscape of cancer genomes, the development and application of clinical interventions and evolving insights into tumour-associated functions reveal unexpected features of the protein kinase C (PKC) family of serine/threonine protein kinases. These advances include recent work showing gain or loss-of-function mutations relating to driver or bystander roles, how conformational constraints and plasticity impact this class of proteins and how emergent cancer-associated properties may offer opportunities for intervention. The profound impact of the tumour microenvironment, reflected in the efficacy of immune checkpoint interventions, further prompts to incorporate PKC family actions and interventions in this ecosystem, informed by insights into the control of stromal and immune cell functions. Drugging PKC isoforms has offered much promise, but when and how is not obvious.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Parker
- Protein Phosphorylation Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, London, UK.
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London, UK.
| | - Sophie J Brown
- Protein Phosphorylation Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Veronique Calleja
- Protein Phosphorylation Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | | | - Mathias Cobbaut
- Protein Phosphorylation Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Mark Linch
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Silvia Martini
- Protein Phosphorylation Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Neil Q McDonald
- Signalling and Structural Biology Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Birkbeck College, London, UK
| | - Tanya Soliman
- Centre for Cancer Genomics and Computational Biology, Bart's Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - Lisa Watson
- Protein Phosphorylation Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
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25
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Kasashima H, Duran A, Martinez-Ordoñez A, Nakanishi Y, Kinoshita H, Linares JF, Reina-Campos M, Kudo Y, L'Hermitte A, Yashiro M, Ohira M, Bao F, Tauriello DVF, Batlle E, Diaz-Meco MT, Moscat J. Stromal SOX2 Upregulation Promotes Tumorigenesis through the Generation of a SFRP1/2-Expressing Cancer-Associated Fibroblast Population. Dev Cell 2020; 56:95-110.e10. [PMID: 33207226 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2020.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) promote tumor malignancy, but the precise transcriptional mechanisms regulating the acquisition of the CAF phenotype are not well understood. We show that the upregulation of SOX2 is central to this process, which is repressed by protein kinase Cζ (PKCζ). PKCζ deficiency activates the reprogramming of colonic fibroblasts to generate a predominant SOX2-dependent CAF population expressing the WNT regulator Sfrp2 as its top biomarker. SOX2 directly binds the Sfrp1/2 promoters, and the inactivation of Sox2 or Sfrp1/2 in CAFs impaired the induction of migration and invasion of colon cancer cells, as well as their tumorigenicity in vivo. Importantly, recurrence-free and overall survival of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients negatively correlates with stromal PKCζ levels. Also, SOX2 expression in the stroma is associated with CRC T invasion and worse prognosis of recurrence-free survival. Therefore, the PKCζ-SOX2 axis emerges as a critical step in the control of CAF pro-tumorigenic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Kasashima
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Angeles Duran
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Anxo Martinez-Ordoñez
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Yuki Nakanishi
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Hiroto Kinoshita
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Juan F Linares
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Miguel Reina-Campos
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Yotaro Kudo
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Antoine L'Hermitte
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Masakazu Yashiro
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahimachi, Abeno-ku, Osaka city 545-8585, Japan
| | - Masaichi Ohira
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahimachi, Abeno-ku, Osaka city 545-8585, Japan
| | - Fei Bao
- Department of Pathology, Scripps Clinic, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Daniele V F Tauriello
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac 10, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), 0828 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eduard Batlle
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac 10, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Passeig Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), 0828 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria T Diaz-Meco
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA.
| | - Jorge Moscat
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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26
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Peruhova M, Peshevska-Sekulovska M, Krastev B, Panayotova G, Georgieva V, Konakchieva R, Nikolaev G, Velikova TV. What could microRNA expression tell us more about colorectal serrated pathway carcinogenesis? World J Gastroenterol 2020; 26:6556-6571. [PMID: 33268946 PMCID: PMC7673963 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v26.i42.6556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last two decades, the vision of a unique carcinogenesis model for colorectal carcinoma (CRC) has completely changed. In addition to the adenoma to carcinoma transition, colorectal carcinogenesis can also occur via the serrated pathway. Small non-coding RNA, known as microRNAs (miRNAs), were also shown to be involved in progression towards malignancy. Furthermore, increased expression of certain miRNAs in premalignant sessile serrated lesions (SSLs) was found, emphasizing their role in the serrated pathway progression towards colon cancer. Since miRNAs function as post-transcriptional gene regulators, they have enormous potential to be used as useful biomarkers for CRC and screening in patients with SSLs particularly. In this review, we have summarized the most relevant information about the specific role of miRNAs and their relevant signaling pathways among different serrated lesions and polyps as well as in serrated adenocarcinoma. Additional focus is put on the correlation between gut immunity and miRNA expression in the serrated pathway, which remains unstudied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Peruhova
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Lozenetz, Sofia 1407, Bulgaria
- Medical Faculty, Sofia University St. Kliment Ohridski, Sofia 1407, Bulgaria
| | | | - Boris Krastev
- Department of Clinical Oncology, MHAT Hospital for Women Health Nadezhda, Sofia 1330, Bulgaria
| | - Gabriela Panayotova
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Lozenetz, Sofia 1407, Bulgaria
- Medical Faculty, Sofia University St. Kliment Ohridski, Sofia 1407, Bulgaria
| | - Viktoriya Georgieva
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Lozenetz, Sofia 1407, Bulgaria
| | | | - Georgi Nikolaev
- Faculty of Biology, Sofia University St. Kliment Ohridski, Sofia 1407, Bulgaria
| | - Tsvetelina Veselinova Velikova
- Medical Faculty, Sofia University St. Kliment Ohridski, Sofia 1407, Bulgaria
- Department of Clinical Immunology, University Hospital Lozenetz, Sofia 1407, Bulgaria
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27
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Vickman RE, Faget DV, Beachy P, Beebe D, Bhowmick NA, Cukierman E, Deng WM, Granneman JG, Hildesheim J, Kalluri R, Lau KS, Lengyel E, Lundeberg J, Moscat J, Nelson PS, Pietras K, Politi K, Puré E, Scherz-Shouval R, Sherman MH, Tuveson D, Weeraratna AT, White RM, Wong MH, Woodhouse EC, Zheng Y, Hayward SW, Stewart SA. Deconstructing tumor heterogeneity: the stromal perspective. Oncotarget 2020; 11:3621-3632. [PMID: 33088423 PMCID: PMC7546755 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Significant advances have been made towards understanding the role of immune cell-tumor interplay in either suppressing or promoting tumor growth, progression, and recurrence, however, the roles of additional stromal elements, cell types and/or cell states remain ill-defined. The overarching goal of this NCI-sponsored workshop was to highlight and integrate the critical functions of non-immune stromal components in regulating tumor heterogeneity and its impact on tumor initiation, progression, and resistance to therapy. The workshop explored the opposing roles of tumor supportive versus suppressive stroma and how cellular composition and function may be altered during disease progression. It also highlighted microenvironment-centered mechanisms dictating indolence or aggressiveness of early lesions and how spatial geography impacts stromal attributes and function. The prognostic and therapeutic implications as well as potential vulnerabilities within the heterogeneous tumor microenvironment were also discussed. These broad topics were included in this workshop as an effort to identify current challenges and knowledge gaps in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renee E Vickman
- Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL, USA.,These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Douglas V Faget
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.,These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Philip Beachy
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - David Beebe
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Neil A Bhowmick
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Edna Cukierman
- Department of Cancer Biology, Marvin and Concetta Greenberg Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple Health, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Wu-Min Deng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - James G Granneman
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | | | - Raghu Kalluri
- Department of Cancer Biology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ken S Lau
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Ernst Lengyel
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Joakim Lundeberg
- SciLifeLab, Department of Gene Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jorge Moscat
- Weill Cornell Medicine, Rockefeller University Campus, New York, NY, USA
| | - Peter S Nelson
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kristian Pietras
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Katerina Politi
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ellen Puré
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philidelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ruth Scherz-Shouval
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Mara H Sherman
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - David Tuveson
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA
| | - Ashani T Weeraratna
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Richard M White
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Melissa H Wong
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | | | - Ying Zheng
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Simon W Hayward
- Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL, USA.,Workshop co-chairs
| | - Sheila A Stewart
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Workshop co-chairs
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Kudo Y, Sugimoto M, Arias E, Kasashima H, Cordes T, Linares JF, Duran A, Nakanishi Y, Nakanishi N, L'Hermitte A, Campos A, Senni N, Rooslid T, Roberts LR, Cuervo AM, Metallo CM, Karin M, Diaz-Meco MT, Moscat J. PKCλ/ι Loss Induces Autophagy, Oxidative Phosphorylation, and NRF2 to Promote Liver Cancer Progression. Cancer Cell 2020; 38:247-262.e11. [PMID: 32589943 PMCID: PMC7423690 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2020.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays a critical role in liver tissue damage and in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) initiation and progression. However, the mechanisms that regulate autophagy and metabolic reprogramming during reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and how ROS promote tumorigenesis, still need to be fully understood. We show that protein kinase C (PKC) λ/ι loss in hepatocytes promotes autophagy and oxidative phosphorylation. This results in ROS generation, which through NRF2 drives HCC through cell-autonomous and non-autonomous mechanisms. Although PKCλ/ι promotes tumorigenesis in oncogene-driven cancer models, emerging evidence demonstrate that it is a tumor suppressor in more complex carcinogenic processes. Consistently, PKCλ/ι levels negatively correlate with HCC histological tumor grade, establishing this kinase as a tumor suppressor in liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yotaro Kudo
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Masayuki Sugimoto
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Laboratory for Advanced Medicine Research, SHIONOGI & CO., LTD., 3-1-1, Futaba-cho, Toyonaka, 561-0825, Japan
| | - Esperanza Arias
- Departments of Medicine and of Developmental and Molecular Biology and Institute for Aging Studies, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Hiroaki Kasashima
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Thekla Cordes
- Department of Bioengineering, Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Juan F Linares
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Angeles Duran
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Yuki Nakanishi
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Naoko Nakanishi
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Antoine L'Hermitte
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Alex Campos
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Nadia Senni
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Tarmo Rooslid
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Lewis R Roberts
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Ana Maria Cuervo
- Departments of Medicine and of Developmental and Molecular Biology and Institute for Aging Studies, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Christian M Metallo
- Department of Bioengineering, Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Michael Karin
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093-0987, USA
| | - Maria T Diaz-Meco
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Jorge Moscat
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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29
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Janssen E, Subtil B, de la Jara Ortiz F, Verheul HMW, Tauriello DVF. Combinatorial Immunotherapies for Metastatic Colorectal Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12071875. [PMID: 32664619 PMCID: PMC7408881 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12071875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most frequent and deadly forms of cancer. About half of patients are affected by metastasis, with the cancer spreading to e.g., liver, lungs or the peritoneum. The majority of these patients cannot be cured despite steady advances in treatment options. Immunotherapies are currently not widely applicable for this disease, yet show potential in preclinical models and clinical translation. The tumour microenvironment (TME) has emerged as a key factor in CRC metastasis, including by means of immune evasion-forming a major barrier to effective immuno-oncology. Several approaches are in development that aim to overcome the immunosuppressive environment and boost anti-tumour immunity. Among them are vaccination strategies, cellular transplantation therapies, and targeted treatments. Given the complexity of the system, we argue for rational design of combinatorial therapies and consider the implications of precision medicine in this context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eline Janssen
- Department of Cell Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (E.J.); (B.S.); (F.d.l.J.O.)
| | - Beatriz Subtil
- Department of Cell Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (E.J.); (B.S.); (F.d.l.J.O.)
| | - Fàtima de la Jara Ortiz
- Department of Cell Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (E.J.); (B.S.); (F.d.l.J.O.)
| | - Henk M. W. Verheul
- Department of Medical Oncology, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HBNijmegen, The Netherlands;
| | - Daniele V. F. Tauriello
- Department of Cell Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (E.J.); (B.S.); (F.d.l.J.O.)
- Correspondence:
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30
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Biology and Therapeutic Targets of Colorectal Serrated Adenocarcinoma; Clues for a Histologically Based Treatment against an Aggressive Tumor. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21061991. [PMID: 32183342 PMCID: PMC7139914 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21061991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Serrated adenocarcinoma (SAC) is a tumor recognized by the WHO as a histological subtype accounting for around 9% of colorectal carcinomas. Compared to conventional carcinomas, SACs are characterized by a worse prognosis, weak development of the immune response, an active invasive front and a frequent resistance to targeted therapy due to a high occurrence of KRAS or BRAF mutation. Nonetheless, several high-throughput studies have recently been carried out unveiling the biology of this cancer and identifying potential molecular targets, favoring a future histologically based treatment. This review revises the current evidence, aiming to propose potential molecular targets and specific treatments for this aggressive tumor.
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31
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Shalapour S, Karin M. Cruel to Be Kind: Epithelial, Microbial, and Immune Cell Interactions in Gastrointestinal Cancers. Annu Rev Immunol 2020; 38:649-671. [PMID: 32040356 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-082019-081656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A plethora of experimental and epidemiological evidence supports a critical role for inflammation and adaptive immunity in the onset of cancer and in shaping its response to therapy. These data are particularly robust for gastrointestinal (GI) cancers, such as those affecting the GI tract, liver, and pancreas, on which this review is focused. We propose a unifying hypothesis according to which intestinal barrier disruption is the origin of tumor-promoting inflammation that acts in conjunction with tissue-specific cancer-initiating mutations. The gut microbiota and its products impact tissue-resident and recruited myeloid cells that promote tumorigenesis through secretion of growth- and survival-promoting cytokines that act on epithelial cells, as well as fibrogenic and immunosuppressive cytokines that interfere with the proper function of adaptive antitumor immunity. Understanding these relationships should improve our ability to prevent cancer development and stimulate the immune system to eliminate existing malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabnam Shalapour
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA; , .,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Michael Karin
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA; , .,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA.,Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
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32
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De Jaeghere EA, Denys HG, De Wever O. Fibroblasts Fuel Immune Escape in the Tumor Microenvironment. Trends Cancer 2019; 5:704-723. [PMID: 31735289 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2019.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Immune escape is central to the persistence of most, if not all, solid tumors and poses a critical obstacle to successful cancer (immuno)therapy. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) constitute the most prevalent, yet heterogeneous, component of the tumor stroma, where they 'cool down' the immune microenvironment. The central role played by CAFs, both as a physical barrier and source of immunosuppressive molecules, sets them as a target to enhance immunotherapy of cancer. We outline the current understanding of how CAFs fuel immune escape, as well as their potential clinical applications. Whether these therapeutics really have clinically significant activity remains to be seen, but the outlook is positive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emiel A De Jaeghere
- Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research, Department of Human Structure and Repair, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium; Gynecologic Pelvic Oncology Network Ghent (GYPON), Ghent, Belgium; Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Hannelore G Denys
- Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium; Gynecologic Pelvic Oncology Network Ghent (GYPON), Ghent, Belgium; Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Olivier De Wever
- Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research, Department of Human Structure and Repair, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Gynecologic Pelvic Oncology Network Ghent (GYPON), Ghent, Belgium; Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium.
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33
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Nakanishi Y, Diaz-Meco MT, Moscat J. Serrated Colorectal Cancer: The Road Less Travelled? Trends Cancer 2019; 5:742-754. [PMID: 31735291 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2019.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Studies of colorectal cancer (CRC) originating through the conventional adenoma-carcinoma sequence have provided insight into the molecular mechanisms controlling its initiation and progression. Less is known about the alternative 'serrated' pathway, which has been associated with BRAF mutation and microsatellite instability. Recent transcriptomics approaches to classify human CRC revealed that mesenchymal and/or desmoplastic features combined with an immunosuppressive microenvironment are key determinants of CRC with the poorest prognosis. Importantly, these aggressive CRCs harbor the characteristics of serrated tumors, suggesting that initiation through this alternative pathway determines how aggressive the CRC becomes. Here, we review recent evidence on how serrated carcinogenesis contributes to the subtype of CRC with the poorest prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Nakanishi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Maria T Diaz-Meco
- Cancer Metabolism and Signaling Networks Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Jorge Moscat
- Cancer Metabolism and Signaling Networks Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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34
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Transforming Growth Factor-β Signaling in Immunity and Cancer. Immunity 2019; 50:924-940. [PMID: 30995507 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2019.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1349] [Impact Index Per Article: 269.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β is a crucial enforcer of immune homeostasis and tolerance, inhibiting the expansion and function of many components of the immune system. Perturbations in TGF-β signaling underlie inflammatory diseases and promote tumor emergence. TGF-β is also central to immune suppression within the tumor microenvironment, and recent studies have revealed roles in tumor immune evasion and poor responses to cancer immunotherapy. Here, we present an overview of the complex biology of the TGF-β family and its context-dependent nature. Then, focusing on cancer, we discuss the roles of TGF-β signaling in distinct immune cell types and how this knowledge is being leveraged to unleash the immune system against the tumor.
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35
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Reina-Campos M, Diaz-Meco MT, Moscat J. The Dual Roles of the Atypical Protein Kinase Cs in Cancer. Cancer Cell 2019; 36:218-235. [PMID: 31474570 PMCID: PMC6751000 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2019.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Atypical protein kinase C (aPKC) isozymes, PKCλ/ι and PKCζ, are now considered fundamental regulators of tumorigenesis. However, the specific separation of functions that determine their different roles in cancer is still being unraveled. Both aPKCs have pleiotropic context-dependent functions that can translate into tumor-promoter or -suppressive functions. Here, we review early and more recent literature to discuss how the different tumor types, and their microenvironments, might account for the selective signaling of each aPKC isotype. This is of clinical relevance because a better understanding of the roles of these kinases is essential for the design of new anti-cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Reina-Campos
- Cancer Metabolism and Signaling Networks Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Maria T Diaz-Meco
- Cancer Metabolism and Signaling Networks Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Jorge Moscat
- Cancer Metabolism and Signaling Networks Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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36
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Affiliation(s)
- Oana-Diana Persa
- Department of Dermatology, Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Carien M Niessen
- Department of Dermatology, Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
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37
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Abstract
Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β is a crucial enforcer of immune homeostasis and tolerance, inhibiting the expansion and function of many components of the immune system. Perturbations in TGF-β signaling underlie inflammatory diseases and promote tumor emergence. TGF-β is also central to immune suppression within the tumor microenvironment, and recent studies have revealed roles in tumor immune evasion and poor responses to cancer immunotherapy. Here, we present an overview of the complex biology of the TGF-β family and its context-dependent nature. Then, focusing on cancer, we discuss the roles of TGF-β signaling in distinct immune cell types and how this knowledge is being leveraged to unleash the immune system against the tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduard Batlle
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac 10, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Barcelona, Spain; ICREA, Passeig Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Joan Massagué
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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38
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Reina-Campos M, Linares JF, Duran A, Cordes T, L'Hermitte A, Badur MG, Bhangoo MS, Thorson PK, Richards A, Rooslid T, Garcia-Olmo DC, Nam-Cha SY, Salinas-Sanchez AS, Eng K, Beltran H, Scott DA, Metallo CM, Moscat J, Diaz-Meco MT. Increased Serine and One-Carbon Pathway Metabolism by PKCλ/ι Deficiency Promotes Neuroendocrine Prostate Cancer. Cancer Cell 2019; 35:385-400.e9. [PMID: 30827887 PMCID: PMC6424636 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2019.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Increasingly effective therapies targeting the androgen receptor have paradoxically promoted the incidence of neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC), the most lethal subtype of castration-resistant prostate cancer (PCa), for which there is no effective therapy. Here we report that protein kinase C (PKC)λ/ι is downregulated in de novo and during therapy-induced NEPC, which results in the upregulation of serine biosynthesis through an mTORC1/ATF4-driven pathway. This metabolic reprogramming supports cell proliferation and increases intracellular S-adenosyl methionine (SAM) levels to feed epigenetic changes that favor the development of NEPC characteristics. Altogether, we have uncovered a metabolic vulnerability triggered by PKCλ/ι deficiency in NEPC, which offers potentially actionable targets to prevent therapy resistance in PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Reina-Campos
- Cancer Metabolism and Signaling Networks Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Sanford Burnham Prebys Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 10901 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Juan F Linares
- Cancer Metabolism and Signaling Networks Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Angeles Duran
- Cancer Metabolism and Signaling Networks Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Thekla Cordes
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Antoine L'Hermitte
- Cancer Metabolism and Signaling Networks Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Mehmet G Badur
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Munveer S Bhangoo
- Division of Hematology-Oncology Scripps Clinic, 10666 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Phataraporn K Thorson
- Depatment of Pathology, Scripps Clinic Medical Group, 10666 Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Alicia Richards
- Proteomics Facility, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Tarmo Rooslid
- Conrad Prebys Center for Drug Discovery, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Dolores C Garcia-Olmo
- Centre de Recerca Experimental Biomèdica Aplicada (CREBA), IRBLLEIDA, 25138 Lleida, Spain
| | - Syongh Y Nam-Cha
- Pathology Department, Director of the Research Unit Biobank, University of Castilla-La Mancha, School of Medicine, 02006 Albacete, Spain
| | - Antonio S Salinas-Sanchez
- Urology Department, Research Unit, University Hospital Complex of Albacete, School of Medicine, 02006 Albacete, Spain
| | - Ken Eng
- Department of Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Himisha Beltran
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - David A Scott
- Cancer Metabolism Core, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Christian M Metallo
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Jorge Moscat
- Cancer Metabolism and Signaling Networks Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Maria T Diaz-Meco
- Cancer Metabolism and Signaling Networks Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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