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Zhu F, Yu D, Qin X, Qian Y, Ma J, Li W, Liu Q, Wang C, Zhang Y, Li Y, Jiang D, Wang S, Xia P. The neuropeptide CGRP enters the macrophage cytosol to suppress the NLRP3 inflammasome during pulmonary infection. Cell Mol Immunol 2023; 20:264-276. [PMID: 36600053 PMCID: PMC9970963 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-022-00968-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The NLRP3 inflammasome plays an essential role in resistance to bacterial infection. The nervous system secretes multiple neuropeptides affecting the nervous system as well as immune cells. The precise impact of the neuropeptide CGRP on NLRP3 inflammasome activation is still unclear. Here, we show that CGRP negatively regulates the antibacterial process of host cells. CGRP prevents NLRP3 inflammasome activation and reduces mature IL-1β secretion. Following NLRP3 inflammasome stimulation that triggers endosome leakage, CGRP internalized to endosomal compartments is released into the cell cytosol. Cytosolic CGRP binds directly to NLRP3 and dismantles the NLRP3-NEK7 complex, which is crucial for NLRP3 inflammasome activation. CGRP administration exacerbates bacterial infection, while the treatment with a CGRP antagonist has the opposite effect. Our study uncovers a unique role of CGRP in inhibiting inflammasome activation during infections, which might shed new light on antibacterial therapies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangrui Zhu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, 100191, Beijing, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Peking University, 100191, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 100191, Beijing, China
| | - Dou Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China
- Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, 430071, China
| | - Xiwen Qin
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, 100191, Beijing, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Peking University, 100191, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 100191, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Qian
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, 100191, Beijing, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Peking University, 100191, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 100191, Beijing, China
| | - Juan Ma
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, 100191, Beijing, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Peking University, 100191, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 100191, Beijing, China
| | - Weitao Li
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, 100191, Beijing, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Peking University, 100191, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 100191, Beijing, China
| | - Qiannv Liu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, 100191, Beijing, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Peking University, 100191, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 100191, Beijing, China
| | - Chunlei Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, 100191, Beijing, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Peking University, 100191, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 100191, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, 100191, Beijing, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Peking University, 100191, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 100191, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Third Hospital, 100191, Beijing, China
| | - Dong Jiang
- Department of Sports Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, 100191, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Sports Injuries, Institute of Sports Medicine of Peking University, 100191, Beijing, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China.
- Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, 430071, China.
| | - Pengyan Xia
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, 100191, Beijing, China.
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Peking University, 100191, Beijing, China.
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 100191, Beijing, China.
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Schetters STT, Schuijs MJ. Pulmonary Eosinophils at the Center of the Allergic Space-Time Continuum. Front Immunol 2021; 12:772004. [PMID: 34868033 PMCID: PMC8634472 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.772004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Eosinophils are typically a minority population of circulating granulocytes being released from the bone-marrow as terminally differentiated cells. Besides their function in the defense against parasites and in promoting allergic airway inflammation, regulatory functions have now been attributed to eosinophils in various organs. Although eosinophils are involved in the inflammatory response to allergens, it remains unclear whether they are drivers of the asthma pathology or merely recruited effector cells. Recent findings highlight the homeostatic and pro-resolving capacity of eosinophils and raise the question at what point in time their function is regulated. Similarly, eosinophils from different physical locations display phenotypic and functional diversity. However, it remains unclear whether eosinophil plasticity remains as they develop and travel from the bone marrow to the tissue, in homeostasis or during inflammation. In the tissue, eosinophils of different ages and origin along the inflammatory trajectory may exhibit functional diversity as circumstances change. Herein, we outline the inflammatory time line of allergic airway inflammation from acute, late, adaptive to chronic processes. We summarize the function of the eosinophils in regards to their resident localization and time of recruitment to the lung, in all stages of the inflammatory response. In all, we argue that immunological differences in eosinophils are a function of time and space as the allergic inflammatory response is initiated and resolved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sjoerd T T Schetters
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Mucosal Immunology, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Martijn J Schuijs
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Mucosal Immunology, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium.,Cancer Research Institute Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
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Lange P, Ahmed E, Lahmar ZM, Martinez FJ, Bourdin A. Natural history and mechanisms of COPD. Respirology 2021; 26:298-321. [PMID: 33506971 DOI: 10.1111/resp.14007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The natural history of COPD is complex, and the disease is best understood as a syndrome resulting from numerous interacting factors throughout the life cycle with smoking being the strongest inciting feature. Unfortunately, diagnosis is often delayed with several longitudinal cohort studies shedding light on the long 'preclinical' period of COPD. It is now accepted that individuals presenting with different COPD phenotypes may experience varying natural history of their disease. This includes its inception, early stages and progression to established disease. Several scenarios regarding lung function course are possible, but it may conceptually be helpful to distinguish between individuals with normal maximally attained lung function in their early adulthood who thereafter experience faster than normal FEV1 decline, and those who may achieve a lower than normal maximally attained lung function. This may be the main mechanism behind COPD in the latter group, as the decline in FEV1 during their adult life may be normal or only slightly faster than normal. Regardless of the FEV1 trajectory, continuous smoking is strongly associated with disease progression, development of structural lung disease and poor prognosis. In developing countries, factors such as exposure to biomass and sequelae after tuberculosis may lead to a more airway-centred COPD phenotype than seen in smokers. Mechanistically, COPD is characterized by a combination of structural and inflammatory changes. It is unlikely that all patients share the same individual or combined mechanisms given the heterogeneity of resultant phenotypes. Lung explants, bronchial biopsies and other tissue studies have revealed important features. At the small airway level, progression of COPD is clinically imperceptible, and the pathological course of the disease is poorly described. Asthmatic features can further add confusion. However, the small airway epithelium is likely to represent a key focus of the disease, combining impaired subepithelial crosstalk and structural/inflammatory changes. Insufficient resolution of inflammatory processes may facilitate these changes. Pathologically, epithelial metaplasia, inversion of the goblet to ciliated cell ratio, enlargement of the submucosal glands and neutrophil and CD8-T-cell infiltration can be detected. Evidence of type 2 inflammation is gaining interest in the light of new therapeutic agents. Alarmin biology is a promising area that may permit control of inflammation and partial reversal of structural changes in COPD. Here, we review the latest work describing the development and progression of COPD with a focus on lung function trajectories, exacerbations and survival. We also review mechanisms focusing on epithelial changes associated with COPD and lack of resolution characterizing the underlying inflammatory processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Lange
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Respiratory Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital - Herlev, Herlev, Denmark.,Department of Public Health, Section of Epidemiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Engi Ahmed
- IRMB, University of Montpellier, INSERM, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Department of Respiratory Diseases, University of Montpellier, CHU Montpellier, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Zakaria Mohamed Lahmar
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, University of Montpellier, CHU Montpellier, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Fernando J Martinez
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Arnaud Bourdin
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, University of Montpellier, CHU Montpellier, INSERM, Montpellier, France.,PhyMedExp, University of Montpellier, INSERM U1046, CNRS UMR 9214, Montpellier, France
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