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Deguine J, Xavier RJ. B cell tolerance and autoimmunity: Lessons from repertoires. J Exp Med 2024; 221:e20231314. [PMID: 39093312 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20231314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Adaptive immune cell function is regulated by a highly diverse receptor recombined from variable germline-encoded segments that can recognize an almost unlimited array of epitopes. While this diversity enables the recognition of any pathogen, it also poses a risk of self-recognition, leading to autoimmunity. Many layers of regulation are present during both the generation and activation of B cells to prevent this phenomenon, although they are evidently imperfect. In recent years, our ability to analyze immune repertoires at scale has drastically increased, both through advances in sequencing and single-cell analyses. Here, we review the current knowledge on B cell repertoire analyses, focusing on their implication for autoimmunity. These studies demonstrate that a failure of tolerance occurs at multiple independent checkpoints in different autoimmune contexts, particularly during B cell maturation, plasmablast differentiation, and within germinal centers. These failures are marked by distinct repertoire features that may be used to identify disease- or patient-specific therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacques Deguine
- Immunology Program, Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard , Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ramnik J Xavier
- Immunology Program, Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard , Cambridge, MA, USA
- Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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2
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Jacobs JP, Spencer EA, Helmus DS, Yang JC, Lagishetty V, Bongers G, Britton G, Gettler K, Reyes-Mercedes P, Hu J, Hart A, Lamousé-Smith E, Wehkamp J, Landers C, Debbas P, Torres J, Colombel JF, Cho J, Peter I, Faith J, Braun J, Dubinsky M. Age-related patterns of microbial dysbiosis in multiplex inflammatory bowel disease families. Gut 2024:gutjnl-2024-332475. [PMID: 39122361 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2024-332475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE IBD is characterised by dysbiosis, but it remains unclear to what extent dysbiosis develops in unaffected at-risk individuals. To address this, we investigated age-related patterns of faecal and serum markers of dysbiosis in high-risk multiplex IBD families (two or more affected first-degree relatives). DESIGN Faecal and serum samples were collected from multiplex IBD and control families (95 IBD, 292 unaffected, 51 controls). Findings were validated in independent cohorts of 616 and 1173 subjects including patients with IBD, infants born to mothers with IBD and controls. 16S rRNA gene sequencing and global untargeted metabolomics profiling of faeces and serum were performed. RESULTS Microbial and metabolomic parameters of dysbiosis progressively decreased from infancy until age 8. This microbial maturation process was slower in infants born to mothers with IBD. After age 15, dysbiosis steadily increased in unaffected relatives throughout adulthood. Dysbiosis was accompanied by marked shifts in the faecal metabolome and, to a lesser extent, the serum metabolome. Faecal and serum metabolomics dysbiosis indices were validated in an independent cohort. Dysbiosis was associated with elevated antimicrobial serologies but not with faecal calprotectin. Dysbiosis metrics differentiated IBD from non-IBD comparably to serologies, with a model combining calprotectin, faecal metabolomics dysbiosis index and serology score demonstrating highest accuracy. CONCLUSION These findings support that dysbiosis exists as a pre-disease state detectable by faecal and serum biomarkers for IBD risk prediction. Given the expansion of disease-modifying agents and non-invasive imaging, the indices developed here may facilitate earlier diagnoses and improved management in at-risk individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan P Jacobs
- Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Parenteral Nutrition, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Goodman-Luskin Microbiome Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Spencer
- The Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Drew S Helmus
- The Dr. Henry D. Janowitz Division of Gastroenterology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Julianne C Yang
- Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Goodman-Luskin Microbiome Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Venu Lagishetty
- Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Gerold Bongers
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Marc and Jennifer Lipschultz Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Graham Britton
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Marc and Jennifer Lipschultz Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Kyle Gettler
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Pamela Reyes-Mercedes
- The Dr. Henry D. Janowitz Division of Gastroenterology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jianzhong Hu
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Amy Hart
- Janssen, Spring House, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | | | - Carol Landers
- F. Widjaja Inflammatory Bowel Disease Institute, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Philip Debbas
- F. Widjaja Inflammatory Bowel Disease Institute, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Joana Torres
- The Dr. Henry D. Janowitz Division of Gastroenterology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Hospital da Luz, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Jean-Frederic Colombel
- The Dr. Henry D. Janowitz Division of Gastroenterology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Judy Cho
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Inga Peter
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jeremiah Faith
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Marc and Jennifer Lipschultz Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jonathan Braun
- F. Widjaja Inflammatory Bowel Disease Institute, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Marla Dubinsky
- The Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
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3
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Bourgonje AR, Hörstke NV, Fehringer M, Innocenti G, Vogl T. Systemic antibody responses against gut microbiota flagellins implicate shared and divergent immune reactivity in Crohn's disease and chronic fatigue syndrome. MICROBIOME 2024; 12:141. [PMID: 39075559 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-024-01858-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elevated systemic antibody responses against gut microbiota flagellins are observed in both Crohn's disease (CD) and myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS), suggesting potential serological biomarkers for diagnosis. However, flagellin-specific antibody repertoires and functional roles in the diseases remain incompletely understood. Bacterial flagellins can be categorized into three types depending on their interaction with toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5): (1) "stimulator" and (2) "silent" flagellins, which bind TLR5 through a conserved N-terminal motif, with only stimulators activating TLR5 (involving a C-terminal domain); (3) "evader" flagellins of pathogens, which entirely circumvent TLR5 activation via mutations in the N-terminal TLR5 binding motif. RESULTS Here, we show that both CD and ME/CFS patients exhibit elevated antibody responses against distinct regions of flagellins compared to healthy individuals. N-terminal binding to Lachnospiraceae flagellins was comparable in both diseases, while C-terminal binding was more prevalent in CD. N-terminal antibody-bound flagellin sequences were similar across CD and ME/CFS, resembling "stimulator" and "silent" flagellins more than evaders. However, C-terminal antibody-bound flagellins showed a higher resemblance to the stimulator than to silent flagellins in CD, which was not observed in ME/CFS. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that antibody binding to the N-terminal domain of stimulator and silent flagellins may impact TLR5 activation in both CD and ME/CFS patients. Blocking this interaction could lead commensal bacteria to be recognized as pathogenic evaders, potentially contributing to dysregulation in both diseases. Furthermore, elevated antibody binding to the C-terminal domain of stimulator flagellins in CD may explain pathophysiological differences between the diseases. Overall, these results highlight the diagnostic potential of these antibody responses and lay a foundation for deeper mechanistic studies of flagellin/TLR5 interactions and their impact on innate/adaptive immunity balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arno R Bourgonje
- The Henry D. Janowitz Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Nicolai V Hörstke
- Center for Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michaela Fehringer
- Center for Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gabriel Innocenti
- Center for Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Vogl
- Center for Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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4
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Vich Vila A, Zhang J, Liu M, Faber KN, Weersma RK. Untargeted faecal metabolomics for the discovery of biomarkers and treatment targets for inflammatory bowel diseases. Gut 2024:gutjnl-2023-329969. [PMID: 39002973 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2023-329969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
The gut microbiome has been recognised as a key component in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), and the wide range of metabolites produced by gut bacteria are an important mechanism by which the human microbiome interacts with host immunity or host metabolism. High-throughput metabolomic profiling and novel computational approaches now allow for comprehensive assessment of thousands of metabolites in diverse biomaterials, including faecal samples. Several groups of metabolites, including short-chain fatty acids, tryptophan metabolites and bile acids, have been associated with IBD. In this Recent Advances article, we describe the contribution of metabolomics research to the field of IBD, with a focus on faecal metabolomics. We discuss the latest findings on the significance of these metabolites for IBD prognosis and therapeutic interventions and offer insights into the future directions of metabolomics research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnau Vich Vila
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jingwan Zhang
- Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (SAR), People's Republic of China
- Microbiota I-Center (MagIC), Hong Kong (SAR), People's Republic of China
| | - Moting Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Klaas Nico Faber
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Rinse K Weersma
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Liu Z, Huang Z, Wang Y, Xiong S, Lin S, He J, Tan J, Liu C, Wu X, Nie J, Huang W, Zhang Y, Zhou L, Mao R. Intestinal strictures in Crohn's disease: An update from 2023. United European Gastroenterol J 2024; 12:802-813. [PMID: 38546434 PMCID: PMC11250166 DOI: 10.1002/ueg2.12568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Crohn's disease (CD) is a chronic inflammatory disease that leads to intestinal stricture in nearly 35% of cases within 10 years of initial diagnosis. The unknown pathogenesis, lack of universally accepted criteria, and absence of an effective management approach remain unconquered challenges in structuring CD. The pathogenesis of stricturing CD involves intricate interactions between factors such as immune cell dysbiosis, fibroblast activation, and microecology imbalance. New techniques such as single-cell sequencing provide a fresh perspective. Non-invasive diagnostic tools such as serum biomarkers and novel cross-sectional imaging techniques offer a precise understanding of intestinal fibrostenosis. Here, we provide a timely and comprehensive review of the worthy advancements in intestinal strictures in 2023, aiming to dispense cutting-edge information regarding fibrosis and to build a cornerstone for researchers and clinicians to make greater progress in the field of intestinal strictures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zishan Liu
- Department of GastroenterologyThe First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Zhuoyan Huang
- Department of GastroenterologyThe First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of GastroenterologyThe First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Shanshan Xiong
- Department of GastroenterologyThe First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Sinan Lin
- Department of GastroenterologyThe First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Jinshen He
- Department of GastroenterologyThe First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Jinyu Tan
- Department of GastroenterologyThe First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Caiguang Liu
- Department of GastroenterologyThe First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Xiaomin Wu
- Department of GastroenterologyThe First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Jing Nie
- Department of GastroenterologyThe First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Weidong Huang
- Department of GastroenterologyThe First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Yao Zhang
- Department of GastroenterologyRuijin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Longyuan Zhou
- Department of GastroenterologyThe First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Ren Mao
- Department of GastroenterologyThe First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
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6
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Upadhyay V, Yoon YM, Vazquez SE, Velez TE, Jones KD, Lee CT, Law CS, Wolters PJ, Lee S, Yang MM, Farrand E, Noth I, Strek ME, Anderson MS, DeRisi JL, Sperling AI, Shum AK. Phage Immunoprecipitation-Sequencing Reveals CDHR5 Autoantibodies in Select Patients With Interstitial Lung Disease. ACR Open Rheumatol 2024. [PMID: 38952015 DOI: 10.1002/acr2.11696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) are a heterogeneous group of disorders that can develop in patients with connective tissue diseases. Establishing autoimmunity in ILD impacts prognosis and treatment. Patients with ILD are screened for autoimmunity by measuring antinuclear autoantibodies, rheumatoid factors, and other nonspecific tests. However, this approach may miss autoimmunity that manifests as autoantibodies to tissue antigens not previously defined in ILD. METHODS We use Phage Immunoprecipitation-Sequencing (PhIP-Seq) to conduct an autoantibody discovery screen of patients with ILD and controls. We screened for novel autoantigen candidates using PhIP-Seq. We next developed a radio-labeled binding assay and validated the leading candidate in 398 patients with ILD recruited from two academic medical centers and 138 blood bank individuals that formed our reference cohort. RESULTS PhIP-Seq identified 17 novel autoreactive targets, and machine learning classifiers derived from these targets discriminated ILD serum from controls. Among the 17 candidates, we validated CDHR5 and found CDHR5 autoantibodies in patients with rheumatologic disorders and importantly, patients not previously diagnosed with autoimmunity. Using survival and transplant free-survival data available from one of the two centers, patients with CDHR5 autoantibodies showed worse survival compared with other patients with connective tissue disease ILD. CONCLUSION We used PhIP-Seq to define a novel CDHR5 autoantibody in a subset of select patients with ILD. Our data complement a recent study showing polymorphisms in the CDHR5-IRF7 gene locus strongly associated with titer of anticentromere antibodies in systemic sclerosis, creating a growing body of evidence suggesting a link between CDHR5 and autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sara E Vazquez
- University of California San Francisco and Chan Zuckerberg Biohub
| | - Tania E Velez
- University of Chicago, Illinois, and University of Virginia, Charlottesville
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Imre Noth
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville
| | | | | | - Joseph L DeRisi
- University of California San Francisco and Chan Zuckerberg Biohub
| | - Anne I Sperling
- University of Chicago, Illinois, and University of Virginia, Charlottesville
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7
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Andreu-Sánchez S, Ripoll-Cladellas A, Culinscaia A, Bulut O, Bourgonje AR, Netea MG, Lansdorp P, Aubert G, Bonder MJ, Franke L, Vogl T, van der Wijst MG, Melé M, Van Baarle D, Fu J, Zhernakova A. Antibody signatures against viruses and microbiome reflect past and chronic exposures and associate with aging and inflammation. iScience 2024; 27:109981. [PMID: 38868191 PMCID: PMC11167443 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Encounters with pathogens and other molecules can imprint long-lasting effects on our immune system, influencing future physiological outcomes. Given the wide range of microbes to which humans are exposed, their collective impact on health is not fully understood. To explore relations between exposures and biological aging and inflammation, we profiled an antibody-binding repertoire against 2,815 microbial, viral, and environmental peptides in a population cohort of 1,443 participants. Utilizing antibody-binding as a proxy for past exposures, we investigated their impact on biological aging, cell composition, and inflammation. Immune response against cytomegalovirus (CMV), rhinovirus, and gut bacteria relates with telomere length. Single-cell expression measurements identified an effect of CMV infection on the transcriptional landscape of subpopulations of CD8 and CD4 T-cells. This examination of the relationship between microbial exposures and biological aging and inflammation highlights a role for chronic infections (CMV and Epstein-Barr virus) and common pathogens (rhinoviruses and adenovirus C).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Andreu-Sánchez
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Aida Ripoll-Cladellas
- Life Sciences Department, Barcelona Supercomputing Center, 08034 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Anna Culinscaia
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Ozlem Bulut
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboudumc, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Arno R. Bourgonje
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
- The Henry D. Janowitz Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Mihai G. Netea
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboudumc, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Department for Immunology & Metabolism, Life and Medical Sciences Institute (LIMES), University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Peter Lansdorp
- Terry Fox Laboratory, British Columbia Cancer Research Center, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Departments of Hematology and Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Geraldine Aubert
- Terry Fox Laboratory, British Columbia Cancer Research Center, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Repeat Diagnostics Inc, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Marc Jan Bonder
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Lude Franke
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Thomas Vogl
- Center for Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Wien, Austria
| | - Monique G.P. van der Wijst
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Marta Melé
- Life Sciences Department, Barcelona Supercomputing Center, 08034 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Debbie Van Baarle
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jingyuan Fu
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Alexandra Zhernakova
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
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8
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Stange EF. Dysbiosis in inflammatory bowel diseases: egg, not chicken. Front Med (Lausanne) 2024; 11:1395861. [PMID: 38846142 PMCID: PMC11153678 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1395861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
There is agreement that inflammatory bowel diseases are, both in terms of species composition and function, associated with an altered intestinal microbiome. This is usually described by the term "dysbiosis," but this is a vague definition lacking quantitative precision. In this brief narrative review, the evidence concerning the primary or secondary role of this dysbiotic state is critically evaluated. Among others, the following facts argue against a primary etiological impact: 1) There is no specific dysbiotic microbiome in IBD, 2) the presence or absence of mucosal inflammation has a profound impact on the composition of the microbiome, 3) dysbiosis is not specific for IBD but linked to many unrelated diseases, 4) antibiotics, probiotics, and microbiome transfer have a very limited therapeutic effect, 5) the microbiome in concordant twins is similar to disease-discordant twins, and 6) the microbiome in relatives of IBD patients later developing IBD is altered, but these individuals already display subclinical inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduard F. Stange
- Klinik für Innere Medizin I, Universitätsklinik Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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9
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Zhang Q, Hutchison ER, Pan C, Warren MF, Keller MP, Attie AD, Lusis AJ, Rey FE. Systems genetics approach uncovers associations between host amylase locus, gut microbiome and metabolic traits in hyperlipidemic mice. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.28.582610. [PMID: 38464150 PMCID: PMC10925268 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.28.582610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
The molecular basis for how host genetic variation impacts gut microbial community and bacterial metabolic niches remain largely unknown. We leveraged 90 inbred hyperlipidemic mouse strains from the Hybrid Mouse Diversity Panel (HMDP), previously studied for a variety of cardio-metabolic traits. Metagenomic analysis of cecal DNA followed by genome-wide association analysis identified genomic loci that were associated with microbial enterotypes in the gut. Among these we detected a genetic locus surrounding multiple amylase genes that was associated with abundances of Firmicutes (Lachnospiraceae family) and Bacteroidetes (Muribaculaceae family) taxa encoding distinct starch and sugar metabolism functions. We also found that lower amylase gene number in the mouse genome was associated with higher gut Muribaculaceae levels. Previous work suggests that modulation of host amylase activity impacts the availability of carbohydrates to the host and potentially to gut bacteria. The genetic variants described above were associated with distinct gut microbial communities (enterotypes) with different predicted metabolic capacities for carbohydrate degradation. Mendelian randomization analysis revealed host phenotypes, including liver fibrosis and plasma HDL-cholesterol levels, that were associated with gut microbiome enterotypes. This work reveals novel relationships between host genetic variation, gut microbial enterotypes and host physiology/disease phenotypes in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qijun Zhang
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Evan R. Hutchison
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Calvin Pan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Matthew F. Warren
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Mark P. Keller
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Alan D. Attie
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Aldons J. Lusis
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Federico E. Rey
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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10
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Liebhoff AM, Venkataraman T, Morgenlander WR, Na M, Kula T, Waugh K, Morrison C, Rewers M, Longman R, Round J, Elledge S, Ruczinski I, Langmead B, Larman HB. Efficient encoding of large antigenic spaces by epitope prioritization with Dolphyn. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1577. [PMID: 38383452 PMCID: PMC10881494 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45601-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
We investigate a relatively underexplored component of the gut-immune axis by profiling the antibody response to gut phages using Phage Immunoprecipitation Sequencing (PhIP-Seq). To cover large antigenic spaces, we develop Dolphyn, a method that uses machine learning to select peptides from protein sets and compresses the proteome through epitope-stitching. Dolphyn compresses the size of a peptide library by 78% compared to traditional tiling, increasing the antibody-reactive peptides from 10% to 31%. We find that the immune system develops antibodies to human gut bacteria-infecting viruses, particularly E.coli-infecting Myoviridae. Cost-effective PhIP-Seq libraries designed with Dolphyn enable the assessment of a wider range of proteins in a single experiment, thus facilitating the study of the gut-immune axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Maria Liebhoff
- Department of Computer Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Institute of Cell Engineering, Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Thiagarajan Venkataraman
- Institute of Cell Engineering, Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - William R Morgenlander
- Institute of Cell Engineering, Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Miso Na
- Institute of Cell Engineering, Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Tomasz Kula
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kathleen Waugh
- Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Charles Morrison
- Behavioral, Clinical and Epidemiologic Sciences, FHI 360, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Marian Rewers
- Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Randy Longman
- Jill Roberts Institute for Research in IBD, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - June Round
- Department of Pathology, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Stephen Elledge
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ingo Ruczinski
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ben Langmead
- Department of Computer Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - H Benjamin Larman
- Institute of Cell Engineering, Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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11
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Li H, Ruan J, Huang J, Yang D, Yu H, Wu Y, Zhang Y, Wang T. Pomegranate ( Punica granatum L.) and Its Rich Ellagitannins as Potential Inhibitors in Ulcerative Colitis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17538. [PMID: 38139367 PMCID: PMC10744232 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis, an immune-mediated inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal tract, places a significant financial burden on patients and the healthcare system. Recently, reviews of the pomegranate and the abundant medicinal applications of its ellagitannins, as well as its pharmacological action, phytochemicals, metabolism, and pharmacokinetics, have been completed. However, summaries on their anti-ulcerative colitis effects are lacking. Numerous preclinical animal investigations and clinical human trial reports demonstrated the specific therapeutic effects of pomegranate and the effect of its ellagitannins against ulcerative colitis. According to the literature collected by Sci-finder and PubMed databases over the past 20 years, this is the first review that has compiled references regarding how the rich ellagitannins found in pomegranate have altered the ulcerative colitis. It was suggested that the various parts of pomegranates and their rich ellagitannins (especially their primary components, punicalagin, and ellagic acid) can inhibit oxidant and inflammatory processes, regulate the intestinal barrier and flora, and provide an anti-ulcerative colitis resource through dietary management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China; (H.L.); (J.R.); (J.H.); (H.Y.); (Y.W.)
| | - Jingya Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China; (H.L.); (J.R.); (J.H.); (H.Y.); (Y.W.)
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China;
| | - Jiayan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China; (H.L.); (J.R.); (J.H.); (H.Y.); (Y.W.)
| | - Dingshan Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China;
| | - Haiyang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China; (H.L.); (J.R.); (J.H.); (H.Y.); (Y.W.)
| | - Yuzheng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China; (H.L.); (J.R.); (J.H.); (H.Y.); (Y.W.)
| | - Yi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China; (H.L.); (J.R.); (J.H.); (H.Y.); (Y.W.)
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China;
| | - Tao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China; (H.L.); (J.R.); (J.H.); (H.Y.); (Y.W.)
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China;
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12
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Jiao N, Ke X, Zhu L, Zhu R. Evidence challenging the causal role of gut microbiota in inflammatory bowel diseases. Gastroenterol Rep (Oxf) 2023; 11:goad064. [PMID: 37842202 PMCID: PMC10568522 DOI: 10.1093/gastro/goad064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Na Jiao
- Department of Nephrology, Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Ke
- The Second People's Hospital Affiliated to Fujian University of Chinese Medicine; Fujian Clinical Medical Research Centre of Chinese Medicine for Spleen and Stomach, Fuzhou, Fujian, P.R. China
| | - Lixin Zhu
- Department of General Surgery (Colorectal Surgery), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology; Biomedical Innovation Center; The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Ruixin Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine; School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, P. R. China
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13
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Lingasamy P, Modhukur V, Mändar R, Salumets A. Exploring Immunome and Microbiome Interplay in Reproductive Health: Current Knowledge, Challenges, and Novel Diagnostic Tools. Semin Reprod Med 2023; 41:172-189. [PMID: 38262441 PMCID: PMC10846929 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1778017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
The dynamic interplay between the immunome and microbiome in reproductive health is a complex and rapidly advancing research field, holding tremendously vast possibilities for the development of reproductive medicine. This immunome-microbiome relationship influences the innate and adaptive immune responses, thereby affecting the onset and progression of reproductive disorders. However, the mechanisms governing these interactions remain elusive and require innovative approaches to gather more understanding. This comprehensive review examines the current knowledge on reproductive microbiomes across various parts of female reproductive tract, with special consideration of bidirectional interactions between microbiomes and the immune system. Additionally, it explores innate and adaptive immunity, focusing on immunoglobulin (Ig) A and IgM antibodies, their regulation, self-antigen tolerance mechanisms, and their roles in immune homeostasis. This review also highlights ongoing technological innovations in microbiota research, emphasizing the need for standardized detection and analysis methods. For instance, we evaluate the clinical utility of innovative technologies such as Phage ImmunoPrecipitation Sequencing (PhIP-Seq) and Microbial Flow Cytometry coupled to Next-Generation Sequencing (mFLOW-Seq). Despite ongoing advancements, we emphasize the need for further exploration in this field, as a deeper understanding of immunome-microbiome interactions holds promise for innovative diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for reproductive health, like infertility treatment and management of pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vijayachitra Modhukur
- Competence Centre on Health Technologies, Tartu, Estonia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Reet Mändar
- Competence Centre on Health Technologies, Tartu, Estonia
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Andres Salumets
- Competence Centre on Health Technologies, Tartu, Estonia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institute and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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14
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Zhao Q, Duck LW, Killian JT, Rosenberg AF, Mannon PJ, King RG, Denson LA, Kugathasan S, Janoff EN, Jenmalm MC, Elson CO. Crohn's patients and healthy infants share immunodominant B cell response to commensal flagellin peptide epitopes. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.08.552496. [PMID: 37609309 PMCID: PMC10441350 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.08.552496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
About half of patients with Crohn's disease (CD) develop selective serum IgG response to flagellin proteins of the Lachnospiraceae family. Here, we identified a dominant B cell peptide epitope in CD, locating in the highly conserved "hinge region" between the D0 and D1 domains at the amino-terminus of Lachnospiraceae flagellins. Serum IgG reactive to this epitope is present at an elevated level in adult CD patients and in pediatric CD patients at diagnosis. Most importantly, high levels of serum IgG to the hinge epitope were found in most infants from 3 different geographic regions (Uganda, Sweden, and the USA) at one year of age. This vigorous homeostatic response decrements with age as it is not present in healthy adults. These data identify a distinct subset of CD patients, united by a shared reactivity to this dominant flagellin epitope that may represent failure of a homeostatic response beginning in infancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhao
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham; Birmingham, USA
| | - Lennard Wayne Duck
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham; Birmingham, USA
| | - John T. Killian
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham; Birmingham, USA
| | - Alexander F. Rosenberg
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham; Birmingham, USA
- Informatics Institute, University of Alabama at Birmingham; Birmingham, USA
| | - Peter J. Mannon
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center; Omaha, USA
| | - R. Glenn King
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham; Birmingham, USA
| | - Lee A. Denson
- Schubert-Martin Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati; Cincinnati, USA
| | - Subra Kugathasan
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Emory University School of Medicine, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta; Atlanta, USA
| | - Edward N. Janoff
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Denver Veterans Affairs Medical Center; Aurora, USA
| | - Maria C. Jenmalm
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University; Linköping, Sweden
| | - Charles O. Elson
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham; Birmingham, USA
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