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Shan H, Zheng G, Bao S, Yang H, Shrestha UD, Li G, Duan X, Du X, Ke T, Liao C. Tumor perfusion enhancement by focus ultrasound-induced blood-brain barrier opening to potentiate anti-PD-1 immunotherapy of glioma. Transl Oncol 2024; 49:102115. [PMID: 39217852 PMCID: PMC11402623 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2024.102115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 08/21/2024] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To demonstrate the feasibility of using focused ultrasound to enhance delivery of PD-1 inhibitors in glioma rats and determine if such an approach increases treatment efficacy. METHODS C6 glioma in situ rat model was used in this study. Transcranial irradiation with FUS combined with microbubbles was administered to open the blood-brain barrier (BBB). The efficacy of BBB opening was evaluated in normal rats. The rats with glioma were grouped to evaluate the role of PD-1 inhibitors combined with FUS-induced immune responses in suppressing glioma when the BBB opens. Flow cytometry was used to examine the changes of immune cell populations of lymphocytes in peripheral blood, tumor tissue and spleen tissue of the rats. A section of rat brain tissue was also used for histological and immunohistochemical analysis. The survival of the rats was then monitored; the tumor progression and changes in blood perfusion of tumor were dynamically observed in vivo using multimodal MRI. RESULTS FUS combined with microbubbles could enhance the blood perfusion of tumors by increasing the permeability of BBB (p < 0.0001), thus promoting the infiltration of CD4+ T lymphocytes (p < 0.01). Compared with the control group, the combination treatment group had increased in the infiltration number of CD4+(p < 0.05) and CD8+ T (p < 0.05); the tumor volume of the combined treatment group was smaller than that of the control group (p < 0.01) and the survival rate of the rats was prolonged (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS In this study, we demonstrated that the transient opening of the BBB induced by FUS enhanced tumor vascular perfusion and facilitated the delivery of PD-1 inhibitors, ultimately improving the therapeutic efficacy for glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Shan
- Department of Radiology, Yan 'an Hospital of Kunming City, Kunming, China.
| | - Guangrong Zheng
- Department of Radiology, Yan 'an Hospital of Kunming City, Kunming, China.
| | - Shasha Bao
- Department of Radiology, Yan 'an Hospital of Kunming City, Kunming, China
| | - Haiyan Yang
- Department of Ultrasound, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401147, China
| | | | - Guochen Li
- Department of Radiology, Yan 'an Hospital of Kunming City, Kunming, China
| | - Xirui Duan
- Department of Radiology, Yan 'an Hospital of Kunming City, Kunming, China
| | - Xiaolan Du
- Department of Radiology, Yan 'an Hospital of Kunming City, Kunming, China
| | - Tengfei Ke
- Department of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China.
| | - Chengde Liao
- Department of Radiology, Yan 'an Hospital of Kunming City, Kunming, China.
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2
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Kim KS, Zhang J, Arrieta VA, Dmello C, Grabis E, Habashy K, Duffy J, Zhao J, Gould A, Chen L, Hu J, Balyasnikova I, Chand D, Levey D, Canoll P, Zhao W, Sims PA, Rabadan R, Pandey S, Zhang B, Lee-Chang C, Heiland DH, Sonabend AM. MAPK/ERK signaling in gliomas modulates interferon responses, T cell recruitment, microglia phenotype, and immune checkpoint blockade efficacy. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.09.11.612571. [PMID: 39345374 PMCID: PMC11429708 DOI: 10.1101/2024.09.11.612571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/01/2024]
Abstract
Background Glioblastoma (GB) remains a formidable challenge in neuro-oncology, with immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) showing limited efficacy in unselected patients. We previously recently established that MAPK/ERK signaling is associated with overall survival following anti-PD-1 and anti-CTLA-4 treatment in recurrent GB. However, the causal relationship between MAPK/ERK signaling and susceptibility to ICB, as well as the mechanisms underlying this association, remain poorly understood. Method We conducted in vivo kinome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 screenings in murine gliomas to identify key regulators of susceptibility to anti-PD-1 and CD8 + T cell responses and performed survival studies to validate the most relevant genes. Additionally, paired single cell RNA- sequencing (scRNA-seq) with p-ERK staining, spatial transcriptomics on GB samples, and ex-vivo slice culture of a BRAF V600E mutant GB tumor treated with BRAFi/MEKi were used to determine the causal relationship between MAPK signaling, tumor cell immunogenicity, and modulation of microglia phenotype. Results CRISPR/Cas9 screens identified the MAPK pathway, particularly the RAF-MEK-ERK pathway, as the most critical modulator of glioma susceptibility to CD8 + T cells, and anti-PD-1 across all kinases. Experimentally-induced ERK phosphorylation in gliomas enhanced survival with ICB treatment, led to durable anti-tumoral immunity upon re-challenge and memory T cell infiltration in long-term survivors. Elevated p-ERK in glioma cells correlated with increased interferon responses, antigen presentation and T cell infiltration in GB. Moreover, spatial transcriptomics and scRNA-seq analysis revealed the modulation of interferon responses by the MAPK/ERK pathway in BRAF V600E human GB cells with ERK1/2 knockout and in slice cultures of human BRAF V600E GB tissue. Notably, BRAFi/MEKi treatment disrupted the interaction between tumor cells and tumor-associated macrophages/microglia in slice cultures from BRAF V600E mutant GB. Conclusion Our data indicate that the MAPK/ERK pathway is a critical regulator of GB cell susceptibility to anti-tumoral immunity, modulating interferon responses, and antigen-presentation in glioma cells, as well as tumor cell interaction with microglia. These findings not only elucidate the mechanistic underpinnings of immunotherapy resistance in GB but also highlight the MAPK/ERK pathway as a promising target for enhancing immunotherapeutic efficacy in this challenging malignancy.
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Boon M, Akkari L. Architecture sets the path: Breast cancer subtypes differently shape the early brain metastatic niche. Cancer Cell 2024:S1535-6108(24)00320-9. [PMID: 39332398 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2024.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2024] [Revised: 08/28/2024] [Accepted: 08/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/29/2024]
Abstract
The ability of disseminated cancer cells to colonize the brain is highly dependent on initial survival cues, often evoking early microenvironmental adaptations. In this issue of Cancer Cell, Gan et al. unveil disparate tumor architectures in early stage HER2+ breast cancer and triple-negative breast cancer brain metastases that shape stromal interactions, providing a rationale for subtype-dependent patient stratification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menno Boon
- Division of Tumour Biology and Immunology, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Leila Akkari
- Division of Tumour Biology and Immunology, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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4
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Gan S, Macalinao DG, Shahoei SH, Tian L, Jin X, Basnet H, Bibby C, Muller JT, Atri P, Seffar E, Chatila W, Karacay A, Chanda P, Hadjantonakis AK, Schultz N, Brogi E, Bale TA, Moss NS, Murali R, Pe'er D, Massagué J. Distinct tumor architectures and microenvironments for the initiation of breast cancer metastasis in the brain. Cancer Cell 2024:S1535-6108(24)00314-3. [PMID: 39270646 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2024.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024]
Abstract
Brain metastasis, a serious complication of cancer, hinges on the initial survival, microenvironment adaptation, and outgrowth of disseminated cancer cells. To understand the early stages of brain colonization, we investigated two prevalent sources of cerebral relapse, triple-negative (TNBC) and HER2+ (HER2BC) breast cancers. Using mouse models and human tissue samples, we found that these tumor types colonize the brain, with a preference for distinctive tumor architectures, stromal interfaces, and autocrine programs. TNBC models tend to form perivascular sheaths with diffusive contact with astrocytes and microglia. In contrast, HER2BC models tend to form compact spheroids driven by autonomous tenascin C production, segregating stromal cells to the periphery. Single-cell transcriptomics of the tumor microenvironment revealed that these architectures evoke differential Alzheimer's disease-associated microglia (DAM) responses and engagement of the GAS6 receptor AXL. The spatial features of the two modes of brain colonization have relevance for leveraging the stroma to treat brain metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siting Gan
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Computational and Systems Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Danilo G Macalinao
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Sayyed Hamed Shahoei
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Lin Tian
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Xin Jin
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310024, China; Research Center for Industries of the Future, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310024, China
| | - Harihar Basnet
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Catherine Bibby
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - James T Muller
- Developmental Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Pranita Atri
- Computational Oncology Service, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Evan Seffar
- Computational Oncology Service, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Walid Chatila
- Computational Oncology Service, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Ali Karacay
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Pharto Chanda
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Anna-Katerina Hadjantonakis
- Developmental Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Nikolaus Schultz
- Computational Oncology Service, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Edi Brogi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Tejus A Bale
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Nelson S Moss
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Rajmohan Murali
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Dana Pe'er
- Computational and Systems Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Joan Massagué
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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Chen Y, Zhou Q, Jia Z, Cheng N, Zhang S, Chen W, Wang L. Enhancing cancer immunotherapy: Nanotechnology-mediated immunotherapy overcoming immunosuppression. Acta Pharm Sin B 2024; 14:3834-3854. [PMID: 39309502 PMCID: PMC11413684 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2024.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy is an important cancer treatment method that offers hope for curing cancer patients. While immunotherapy has achieved initial success, a major obstacle to its widespread adoption is the inability to benefit the majority of patients. The success or failure of immunotherapy is closely linked to the tumor's immune microenvironment. Recently, there has been significant attention on strategies to regulate the tumor immune microenvironment in order to stimulate anti-tumor immune responses in cancer immunotherapy. The distinctive physical properties and design flexibility of nanomedicines have been extensively utilized to target immune cells (including tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), T cells, myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), and tumor-associated fibroblasts (TAFs)), offering promising advancements in cancer immunotherapy. In this article, we have reviewed treatment strategies aimed at targeting various immune cells to regulate the tumor immune microenvironment. The focus is on cancer immunotherapy models that are based on nanomedicines, with the goal of inducing or enhancing anti-tumor immune responses to improve immunotherapy. It is worth noting that combining cancer immunotherapy with other treatments, such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and photodynamic therapy, can maximize the therapeutic effects. Finally, we have identified the challenges that nanotechnology-mediated immunotherapy needs to overcome in order to design more effective nanosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunna Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology (Brain diseases), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Qianqian Zhou
- MOE-Anhui Joint Collaborative Innovation Center for Quality Improvement of Anhui Genuine Chinese Medicinal Materials, Hefei 230012, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Zongfang Jia
- MOE-Anhui Joint Collaborative Innovation Center for Quality Improvement of Anhui Genuine Chinese Medicinal Materials, Hefei 230012, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Nuo Cheng
- MOE-Anhui Joint Collaborative Innovation Center for Quality Improvement of Anhui Genuine Chinese Medicinal Materials, Hefei 230012, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology (Brain diseases), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Weidong Chen
- MOE-Anhui Joint Collaborative Innovation Center for Quality Improvement of Anhui Genuine Chinese Medicinal Materials, Hefei 230012, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Lei Wang
- MOE-Anhui Joint Collaborative Innovation Center for Quality Improvement of Anhui Genuine Chinese Medicinal Materials, Hefei 230012, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei 230012, China
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6
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Hawly J, Murcar MG, Schcolnik-Cabrera A, Issa ME. Glioblastoma stem cell metabolism and immunity. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2024; 43:1015-1035. [PMID: 38530545 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-024-10183-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Despite enormous efforts being invested in the development of novel therapies for brain malignancies, there remains a dire need for effective treatments, particularly for pediatric glioblastomas. Their poor prognosis has been attributed to the fact that conventional therapies target tumoral cells, but not glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs). GSCs are characterized by self-renewal, tumorigenicity, poor differentiation, and resistance to therapy. These characteristics represent the fundamental tools needed to recapitulate the tumor and result in a relapse. The mechanisms by which GSCs alter metabolic cues and escape elimination by immune cells are discussed in this article, along with potential strategies to harness effector immune cells against GSCs. As cellular immunotherapy is making significant advances in a variety of cancers, leveraging this underexplored reservoir may result in significant improvements in the treatment options for brain malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Hawly
- Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of Balamand, Dekouaneh, Lebanon
| | - Micaela G Murcar
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | | | - Mark E Issa
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA.
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7
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Li C, Niu C, Chen L, Yu B, Luo F, Qie J, Yang H, Qian J, Chu Y. Classical Monocytes Shuttling for Precise Delivery of Nanotherapeutics to Glioblastoma. Adv Healthc Mater 2024:e2400925. [PMID: 39212635 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202400925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive brain tumor for which current therapies have limited efficacy. Immunosuppression and difficulties in accessing tumors with therapeutic agents are major obstacles for GBM treatments. Classical monocytes (CMs) possess the strongest infiltration among myeloid cells recruited into tumors during tumorigenesis. In this study, CMs are utilized to deliver the small-molecule CUDC-907 encapsulated in nanoparticles (907-NPs@CMs) for GBM therapy. Hitchhiking on CMs enables more 907-NPs to successfully penetrate the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and reach the interior of tumors. Results demonstrate that 907-NPs@CMs significantly improve the survival rates by suppressing tumor growth and reversing the immunosuppression of tumor microenvironment (TME). Furthermore, the high delivery efficiency of CMs reduces the amount of CUDC-907 required for treatments, reducing the physiological toxicity and off-target effects caused by high doses. 907-NPs@CMs is a safe and versatile therapeutic system that provides a platform for targeted drug delivery to tumors and the ability to treat GBM through a combination of chemotherapy and immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congwen Li
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Congyi Niu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Baichao Yu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Feifei Luo
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jingbo Qie
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Hui Yang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jiawen Qian
- Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Institutes of Biomedical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200030, China
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Yiwei Chu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- MOE Innovative Center for New Drug Development of Immune Inflammatory Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
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8
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Bhattacharya S, Paraskar G, Jha M, Gupta GL, Prajapati BG. Deciphering Regulatory T-Cell Dynamics in Cancer Immunotherapy: Mechanisms, Implications, and Therapeutic Innovations. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2024; 7:2215-2236. [PMID: 39144553 PMCID: PMC11320738 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.4c00156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
This Review explores how tumor-associated regulatory cells (Tregs) affect cancer immunotherapy. It shows how Tregs play a role in keeping the immune system in check, how cancers grow, and how well immunotherapy work. Tregs use many ways to suppress the immune system, and these ways are affected by the tumor microenvironment (TME). New approaches to cancer therapy are showing promise, such as targeting Treg checkpoint receptors precisely and using Fc-engineered antibodies. It is important to tailor treatments to each patient's TME in order to provide personalized care. Understanding Treg biology is essential for creating effective cancer treatments and improving the long-term outcomes of immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sankha Bhattacharya
- School
of Pharmacy and Technology Management, SVKM’S
NMIMS Deemed-to-be University, Shirpur, Maharashtra 425405, India
| | - Gaurav Paraskar
- School
of Pharmacy and Technology Management, SVKM’S
NMIMS Deemed-to-be University, Shirpur, Maharashtra 425405, India
| | - Megha Jha
- School
of Pharmacy and Technology Management, SVKM’S
NMIMS Deemed-to-be University, Shirpur, Maharashtra 425405, India
| | - Girdhari Lal Gupta
- School
of Pharmacy and Technology Management, SVKM’S
NMIMS Deemed-to-be University, Shirpur, Maharashtra 425405, India
| | - Bhupendra G. Prajapati
- Shree.
S. K. Patel College of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Ganpat University, Kherva, Gujarat 384012, India
- Faculty
of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand
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9
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Yuan K, Wu Q, Yao Y, Shao J, Zhu S, Yang J, Sun Q, Zhao J, Xu J, Wu P, Li Y, Shi H. Deacetylase SIRT2 Inhibition Promotes Microglial M2 Polarization Through Axl/PI3K/AKT to Alleviate White Matter Injury After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. Transl Stroke Res 2024:10.1007/s12975-024-01282-5. [PMID: 39103659 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-024-01282-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
White matter injury (WMI) subsequent to subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) frequently leads to an unfavorable patient prognosis. Previous studies have indicated that microglial M1 polarization following SAH results in the accumulation of amyloid precursor protein (APP) and degradation of myelin basic protein (MBP), thereby catalyzing the exacerbation of WMI. Consequently, transitioning microglial polarization towards the M2 phenotype (neuroprotective state) represents a potential therapeutic approach for reversing WMI. The SIRT2 gene is pivotal in neurological disorders such as neurodegeneration and ischemic stroke. However, its function and underlying mechanisms in SAH, particularly how it influences microglial function to ameliorate WMI, remain unclear. Our investigations revealed that in post-SAH, there was a temporal increase in SIRT2 expression, predominantly in the cerebral corpus callosum area, with notable colocalization with microglia. However, following the administration of the SIRT2 inhibitor AK-7, a shift in microglial polarization towards the M2 phenotype and an improvement in both short-term and long-term neuronal functions in rats were observed. Mechanistically, CO-IP experiments confirmed that SIRT2 can interact with the receptor tyrosine kinase Axl within the TAM receptor family and act as a deacetylase to regulate the deacetylation of Axl. Concurrently, the inhibition of SIRT2 by AK-7 can lead to increased expression of Axl and activation of the anti-inflammatory pathway PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, which regulates microglial M2 polarization and consequently reduces WMI. However, when Axl expression was inhibited by the injection of the shAxl virus into the lateral ventricles, the downstream signaling pathways were significantly suppressed. Rescue experiments also confirmed that the neuroprotective effects of AK-7 can be reversed by PI3K inhibitors. These data suggest that SIRT2 influences WMI by affecting microglial polarization through the Axl/PI3K/AKT pathway, and that AK-7 could serve as an effective therapeutic drug for improving neurological functions in SAH patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaikun Yuan
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiaowei Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanting Yao
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beidahuang Group General Hospital, Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiang Shao
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiyi Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinshuo Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Junjie Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiayi Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Pei Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuchen Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Huaizhang Shi
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China.
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10
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Li J, Zhang Y, Liang C, Yan X, Hui X, Liu Q. Advancing precision medicine in gliomas through single-cell sequencing: unveiling the complex tumor microenvironment. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1396836. [PMID: 39156969 PMCID: PMC11327033 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1396836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) displays an infiltrative growth characteristic that recruits neighboring normal cells to facilitate tumor growth, maintenance, and invasion into the brain. While the blood-brain barrier serves as a critical natural defense mechanism for the central nervous system, GBM disrupts this barrier, resulting in the infiltration of macrophages from the peripheral bone marrow and the activation of resident microglia. Recent advancements in single-cell transcriptomics and spatial transcriptomics have refined the categorization of cells within the tumor microenvironment for precise identification. The intricate interactions and influences on cell growth within the tumor microenvironment under multi-omics conditions are succinctly outlined. The factors and mechanisms involving microglia, macrophages, endothelial cells, and T cells that impact the growth of GBM are individually examined. The collaborative mechanisms of tumor cell-immune cell interactions within the tumor microenvironment synergistically promote the growth, infiltration, and metastasis of gliomas, while also influencing the immune status and therapeutic response of the tumor microenvironment. As immunotherapy continues to progress, targeting the cells within the inter-tumor microenvironment emerges as a promising novel therapeutic approach for GBM. By comprehensively understanding and intervening in the intricate cellular interactions within the tumor microenvironment, novel therapeutic modalities may be developed to enhance treatment outcomes for patients with GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinwei Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Liuzhou Workers Hospital, Liuzhou, Guangxi, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Graduate School of Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Cong Liang
- Department of Pharmacy, Liuzhou Workers Hospital, Liuzhou, Guangxi, China
| | - Xianlei Yan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Liuzhou Workers Hospital, Liuzhou, Guangxi, China
| | - Xuhui Hui
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Quan Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Liuzhou Workers Hospital, Liuzhou, Guangxi, China
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Afzal A, Afzal Z, Bizink S, Davis A, Makahleh S, Mohamed Y, Coniglio SJ. Phagocytosis Checkpoints in Glioblastoma: CD47 and Beyond. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:7795-7811. [PMID: 39194679 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46080462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2024] [Revised: 07/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is one of the deadliest human cancers with very limited treatment options available. The malignant behavior of GBM is manifested in a tumor which is highly invasive, resistant to standard cytotoxic chemotherapy, and strongly immunosuppressive. Immune checkpoint inhibitors have recently been introduced in the clinic and have yielded promising results in certain cancers. GBM, however, is largely refractory to these treatments. The immune checkpoint CD47 has recently gained attention as a potential target for intervention as it conveys a "don't eat me" signal to tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) via the inhibitory SIRP alpha protein. In preclinical models, the administration of anti-CD47 monoclonal antibodies has shown impressive results with GBM and other tumor models. Several well-characterized oncogenic pathways have recently been shown to regulate CD47 expression in GBM cells and glioma stem cells (GSCs) including Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) beta catenin. Other macrophage pathways involved in regulating phagocytosis including TREM2 and glycan binding proteins are discussed as well. Finally, chimeric antigen receptor macrophages (CAR-Ms) could be leveraged for greatly enhancing the phagocytosis of GBM and repolarization of the microenvironment in general. Here, we comprehensively review the mechanisms that regulate the macrophage phagocytosis of GBM cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber Afzal
- School of Integrative Science and Technology, Kean University, Union, NJ 07083, USA
| | - Zobia Afzal
- School of Integrative Science and Technology, Kean University, Union, NJ 07083, USA
| | - Sophia Bizink
- School of Integrative Science and Technology, Kean University, Union, NJ 07083, USA
| | - Amanda Davis
- School of Integrative Science and Technology, Kean University, Union, NJ 07083, USA
| | - Sara Makahleh
- School of Integrative Science and Technology, Kean University, Union, NJ 07083, USA
| | - Yara Mohamed
- School of Integrative Science and Technology, Kean University, Union, NJ 07083, USA
| | - Salvatore J Coniglio
- School of Integrative Science and Technology, Kean University, Union, NJ 07083, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kean University, Union, NJ 07083, USA
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12
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Zhang H, Hong Y, Wu T, Ben E, Li S, Hu L, Xie T. Role of gut microbiota in regulating immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy for glioblastoma. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1401967. [PMID: 38915399 PMCID: PMC11194316 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1401967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a highly malignant, invasive, and poorly prognosed brain tumor. Unfortunately, active comprehensive treatment does not significantly prolong patient survival. With the deepening of research, it has been found that gut microbiota plays a certain role in GBM, and can directly or indirectly affect the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in various ways. (1) The metabolites produced by gut microbiota directly affect the host's immune homeostasis, and these metabolites can affect the function and distribution of immune cells, promote or inhibit inflammatory responses, affect the phenotype, angiogenesis, inflammatory response, and immune cell infiltration of GBM cells, thereby affecting the effectiveness of ICIs. (2) Some members of the gut microbiota may reverse T cell function inhibition, increase T cell anti-tumor activity, and ultimately improve the efficacy of ICIs by targeting specific immunosuppressive metabolites and cytokines. (3) Some members of the gut microbiota directly participate in the metabolic process of drugs, which can degrade, transform, or produce metabolites, affecting the effective concentration and bioavailability of drugs. Optimizing the structure of the gut microbiota may help improve the efficacy of ICIs. (4) The gut microbiota can also regulate immune cell function and inflammatory status in the brain through gut brain axis communication, indirectly affecting the progression of GBM and the therapeutic response to ICIs. (5) Given the importance of gut microbiota for ICI therapy, researchers have begun exploring the use of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) to transplant healthy or optimized gut microbiota to GBM patients, in order to improve their immune status and enhance their response to ICI therapy. Preliminary studies suggest that FMT may enhance the efficacy of ICI therapy in some patients. In summary, gut microbiota plays a crucial role in regulating ICIs in GBM, and with a deeper understanding of the relationship between gut microbiota and tumor immunity, it is expected to develop more precise and effective personalized ICI therapy strategies for GBM, in order to improve patient prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hubei Cancer Hospital, TongJi Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ying Hong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hubei Cancer Hospital, TongJi Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Tingting Wu
- Department of Health Management, Hubei Cancer Hospital, TongJi Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Eyi Ben
- Department of Oncology, Yidu People’s Hospital, Yichang, Hubei, China
| | - Shuai Li
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Liu Hu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hubei Cancer Hospital, TongJi Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Tao Xie
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hubei Cancer Hospital, TongJi Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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13
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Lerouge L, Ruch A, Pierson J, Thomas N, Barberi-Heyob M. Non-targeted effects of radiation therapy for glioblastoma. Heliyon 2024; 10:e30813. [PMID: 38778925 PMCID: PMC11109805 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy is recommended for the treatment of brain tumors such as glioblastoma (GBM) and brain metastases. Various curative and palliative scenarios suggest improved local-regional control. Although the underlying mechanisms are not yet clear, additional therapeutic effects have been described, including proximity and abscopal reactions at the treatment site. Clinical and preclinical data suggest that the immune system plays an essential role in regulating the non-targeted effects of radiotherapy for GBM. This article reviews current biological mechanisms for regulating the non-targeted effects caused by external and internal radiotherapy, and how they might be applied in a clinical context. Optimization of therapeutic regimens requires assessment of the complexity of the host immune system on the activity of immunosuppressive or immunostimulatory cells, such as glioma-associated macrophages and microglia. This article also discusses recent preclinical models adapted to post-radiotherapy responses. This narrative review explores and discusses the current status of immune responses both locally via the "bystander effect" and remotely via the "abscopal effect". Preclinical and clinical observations demonstrate that unirradiated cells, near or far from the irradiation site, can control the tumor response. Nevertheless, previous studies do not address the problem in its global context, and present gaps regarding the link between the role of the immune system in the control of non-targeted effects for different types of radiotherapy and different fractionation schemes applied to GBM. This narrative synthesis of the scientific literature should help to update and critique available preclinical and medical knowledge. Indirectly, it will help formulate new research projects based on the synthesis and interpretation of results from a non-systematic selection of published studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Lerouge
- Department of Biology, Signals and Systems in Cancer and Neuroscience, CRAN, UMR7039, Université de Lorraine, CNRS, 54500 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Aurélie Ruch
- Department of Biology, Signals and Systems in Cancer and Neuroscience, CRAN, UMR7039, Université de Lorraine, CNRS, 54500 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Julien Pierson
- Department of Biology, Signals and Systems in Cancer and Neuroscience, CRAN, UMR7039, Université de Lorraine, CNRS, 54500 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Noémie Thomas
- Department of Biology, Signals and Systems in Cancer and Neuroscience, CRAN, UMR7039, Université de Lorraine, CNRS, 54500 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Muriel Barberi-Heyob
- Department of Biology, Signals and Systems in Cancer and Neuroscience, CRAN, UMR7039, Université de Lorraine, CNRS, 54500 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
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14
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Chang H, Foulke JG, Chen L, Tian F, Gu Z. GAS-Luc2 Reporter Cell Lines for Immune Checkpoint Drug Screening in Solid Tumors. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1965. [PMID: 38893085 PMCID: PMC11171215 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16111965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent studies highlight the integral role of the interferon gamma receptor (IFNγR) pathway in T cell-mediated cytotoxicity against solid but not liquid tumors. IFNγ not only directly facilitates tumor cell death by T cells but also indirectly promotes cytotoxicity via myeloid phagocytosis in the tumor microenvironment. Meanwhile, full human ex vivo immune checkpoint drug screening remains challenging. We hypothesized that an engineered gamma interferon activation site response element luciferase reporter (GAS-Luc2) can be utilized for immune checkpoint drug screening in diverse ex vivo T cell-solid tumor cell co-culture systems. We comprehensively profiled cell surface proteins in ATCC's extensive collection of human tumor and immune cell lines, identifying those with endogenously high expression of established and novel immune checkpoint molecules and binding ligands. We then engineered three GAS-Luc2 reporter tumor cell lines expressing immune checkpoints PD-L1, CD155, or B7-H3/CD276. Luciferase expression was suppressed upon relevant immune checkpoint-ligand engagement. In the presence of an immune checkpoint inhibitor, T cells released IFNγ, activating the JAK-STAT pathway in GAS-Luc2 cells, and generating a quantifiable bioluminescent signal for inhibitor evaluation. These reporter lines also detected paracrine IFNγ signaling for immune checkpoint-targeted ADCC drug screening. Further development into an artificial antigen-presenting cell line (aAPC) significantly enhanced T cell signaling for superior performance in these ex vivo immune checkpoint drug screening platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Fang Tian
- American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), Manassas, VA 20110, USA
| | - Zhizhan Gu
- American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), Manassas, VA 20110, USA
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15
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De Leo A, Ugolini A, Yu X, Scirocchi F, Scocozza D, Peixoto B, Pace A, D'Angelo L, Liu JKC, Etame AB, Rughetti A, Nuti M, Santoro A, Vogelbaum MA, Conejo-Garcia JR, Rodriguez PC, Veglia F. Glucose-driven histone lactylation promotes the immunosuppressive activity of monocyte-derived macrophages in glioblastoma. Immunity 2024; 57:1105-1123.e8. [PMID: 38703775 PMCID: PMC11114377 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2024.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
Immunosuppressive macrophages restrict anti-cancer immunity in glioblastoma (GBM). Here, we studied the contribution of microglia (MGs) and monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) to immunosuppression and mechanisms underlying their regulatory function. MDMs outnumbered MGs at late tumor stages and suppressed T cell activity. Molecular and functional analysis identified a population of glycolytic MDM expressing GLUT1 with potent immunosuppressive activity. GBM-derived factors promoted high glycolysis, lactate, and interleukin-10 (IL-10) production in MDMs. Inhibition of glycolysis or lactate production in MDMs impaired IL-10 expression and T cell suppression. Mechanistically, intracellular lactate-driven histone lactylation promoted IL-10 expression, which was required to suppress T cell activity. GLUT1 expression on MDMs was induced downstream of tumor-derived factors that activated the PERK-ATF4 axis. PERK deletion in MDM abrogated histone lactylation, led to the accumulation of intratumoral T cells and tumor growth delay, and, in combination with immunotherapy, blocked GBM progression. Thus, PERK-driven glucose metabolism promotes MDM immunosuppressive activity via histone lactylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra De Leo
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA; Immunology, Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Alessio Ugolini
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA; Immunology, Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Experimental Medicine "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Xiaoqing Yu
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatic, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Fabio Scirocchi
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA; Department of Experimental Medicine "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Delia Scocozza
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Barbara Peixoto
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA; Immunology, Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Angelica Pace
- Department of Experimental Medicine "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Luca D'Angelo
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Neurosurgery Division, "Sapienza" University, AOU Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy
| | - James K C Liu
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Arnold B Etame
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Aurelia Rughetti
- Department of Experimental Medicine "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Marianna Nuti
- Department of Experimental Medicine "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Santoro
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Neurosurgery Division, "Sapienza" University, AOU Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Jose R Conejo-Garcia
- Department of Integrative immunobiology, Duke School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Paulo C Rodriguez
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Filippo Veglia
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA; Department of Neuro-Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA; Immunology, Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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16
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Zheng J, Wang L, Zhao S, Zhang W, Chang Y, Bosco DB, Huang T, Dheer A, Gao S, Xu S, Ayasoufi K, Al-Kharboosh R, Qi F, Xie M, Johnson AJ, Dong H, Quiñones-Hinojosa A, Wu LJ. TREM2 mediates MHCII-associated CD4+ T-cell response against gliomas. Neuro Oncol 2024; 26:811-825. [PMID: 37941134 PMCID: PMC11066911 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noad214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myeloid cells comprise up to 50% of the total tumor mass in glioblastoma (GBM) and have been implicated in promoting tumor progression and immunosuppression. Modulating the response of myeloid cells to the tumor has emerged as a promising new approach for cancer treatment. In this regard, we focus on the Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid Cells 2 (TREM2), which has recently emerged as a novel immune modulator in peripheral tumors. METHODS We studied the TREM2 expression profile in various patient tumor samples and conducted single-cell transcriptomic analysis in both GBM patients and the GL261 mouse glioma model. We utilized multiple mouse glioma models and employed state-of-the-art techniques such as invivo 2-photon imaging, spectrum flow cytometry, and in vitro co-culture assays to study TREM2 function in myeloid cell-mediated phagocytosis of tumor cells, antigen presentation, and response of CD4+ T cells within the tumor hemispheres. RESULTS Our research revealed significantly elevated levels of TREM2 expression in brain tumors compared to other types of tumors in patients. TREM2 was predominantly localized in tumor-associated myeloid cells and was highly expressed in nearly all microglia, as well as various subtypes of macrophages. Surprisingly, in preclinical glioma models, TREM2 deficiency did not confer a beneficial effect; instead, it accelerated glioma progression. Through detailed investigations, we determined that TREM2 deficiency impaired the ability of tumor-myeloid cells to phagocytose tumor cells and led to reduced expression of MHCII. This deficiency further significantly decreased the presence of CD4+ T cells within the tumor hemispheres. CONCLUSIONS Our study unveiled a previously unrecognized protective role of tumor-myeloid TREM2. Specifically, we found that TREM2 enhances the phagocytosis of tumor cells and promotes an immune response by facilitating MHCII-associated CD4+ T-cell responses against gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaying Zheng
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Lingxiao Wang
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Shunyi Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Yuzhou Chang
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Dale B Bosco
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Tao Huang
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Aastha Dheer
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Shan Gao
- Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Shengze Xu
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | | | - Rawan Al-Kharboosh
- Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Fangfang Qi
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Manling Xie
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Aaron J Johnson
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Haidong Dong
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | | | - Long-Jun Wu
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
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17
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Blise KE, Sivagnanam S, Betts CB, Betre K, Kirchberger N, Tate BJ, Furth EE, Dias Costa A, Nowak JA, Wolpin BM, Vonderheide RH, Goecks J, Coussens LM, Byrne KT. Machine Learning Links T-cell Function and Spatial Localization to Neoadjuvant Immunotherapy and Clinical Outcome in Pancreatic Cancer. Cancer Immunol Res 2024; 12:544-558. [PMID: 38381401 PMCID: PMC11065586 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-23-0873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Tumor molecular data sets are becoming increasingly complex, making it nearly impossible for humans alone to effectively analyze them. Here, we demonstrate the power of using machine learning (ML) to analyze a single-cell, spatial, and highly multiplexed proteomic data set from human pancreatic cancer and reveal underlying biological mechanisms that may contribute to clinical outcomes. We designed a multiplex immunohistochemistry antibody panel to compare T-cell functionality and spatial localization in resected tumors from treatment-naïve patients with localized pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) with resected tumors from a second cohort of patients treated with neoadjuvant agonistic CD40 (anti-CD40) monoclonal antibody therapy. In total, nearly 2.5 million cells from 306 tissue regions collected from 29 patients across both cohorts were assayed, and over 1,000 tumor microenvironment (TME) features were quantified. We then trained ML models to accurately predict anti-CD40 treatment status and disease-free survival (DFS) following anti-CD40 therapy based on TME features. Through downstream interpretation of the ML models' predictions, we found anti-CD40 therapy reduced canonical aspects of T-cell exhaustion within the TME, as compared with treatment-naïve TMEs. Using automated clustering approaches, we found improved DFS following anti-CD40 therapy correlated with an increased presence of CD44+CD4+ Th1 cells located specifically within cellular neighborhoods characterized by increased T-cell proliferation, antigen experience, and cytotoxicity in immune aggregates. Overall, our results demonstrate the utility of ML in molecular cancer immunology applications, highlight the impact of anti-CD40 therapy on T cells within the TME, and identify potential candidate biomarkers of DFS for anti-CD40-treated patients with PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie E. Blise
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR USA
- The Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR USA
| | - Shamilene Sivagnanam
- The Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR USA
- Department of Cell, Developmental & Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR USA
| | - Courtney B. Betts
- The Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR USA
- Department of Cell, Developmental & Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR USA
- Current affiliation: Akoya Biosciences, 100 Campus Drive, 6 Floor, Marlborough, MA USA
| | - Konjit Betre
- Department of Cell, Developmental & Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR USA
| | - Nell Kirchberger
- Department of Cell, Developmental & Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR USA
| | - Benjamin J. Tate
- The Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR USA
- Immune Monitoring and Cancer Omics Services, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR USA
| | - Emma E. Furth
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
- Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Andressa Dias Costa
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Jonathan A. Nowak
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Brian M. Wolpin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Robert H. Vonderheide
- Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Jeremy Goecks
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR USA
- The Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR USA
- Current affiliation: Department of Machine Learning, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL USA
- Current affiliation: Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL USA
| | - Lisa M. Coussens
- The Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR USA
- Department of Cell, Developmental & Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR USA
| | - Katelyn T. Byrne
- The Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR USA
- Department of Cell, Developmental & Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR USA
- Lead contact: Katelyn T. Byrne, Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, RLSB 6N032 Mail Code CL6C, 2730 S. Moody Ave, Portland, OR 97201
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18
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Yabo YA, Moreno-Sanchez PM, Pires-Afonso Y, Kaoma T, Nosirov B, Scafidi A, Ermini L, Lipsa A, Oudin A, Kyriakis D, Grzyb K, Poovathingal SK, Poli A, Muller A, Toth R, Klink B, Berchem G, Berthold C, Hertel F, Mittelbronn M, Heiland DH, Skupin A, Nazarov PV, Niclou SP, Michelucci A, Golebiewska A. Glioblastoma-instructed microglia transition to heterogeneous phenotypic states with phagocytic and dendritic cell-like features in patient tumors and patient-derived orthotopic xenografts. Genome Med 2024; 16:51. [PMID: 38566128 PMCID: PMC10988817 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-024-01321-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A major contributing factor to glioblastoma (GBM) development and progression is its ability to evade the immune system by creating an immune-suppressive environment, where GBM-associated myeloid cells, including resident microglia and peripheral monocyte-derived macrophages, play critical pro-tumoral roles. However, it is unclear whether recruited myeloid cells are phenotypically and functionally identical in GBM patients and whether this heterogeneity is recapitulated in patient-derived orthotopic xenografts (PDOXs). A thorough understanding of the GBM ecosystem and its recapitulation in preclinical models is currently missing, leading to inaccurate results and failures of clinical trials. METHODS Here, we report systematic characterization of the tumor microenvironment (TME) in GBM PDOXs and patient tumors at the single-cell and spatial levels. We applied single-cell RNA sequencing, spatial transcriptomics, multicolor flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry, and functional studies to examine the heterogeneous TME instructed by GBM cells. GBM PDOXs representing different tumor phenotypes were compared to glioma mouse GL261 syngeneic model and patient tumors. RESULTS We show that GBM tumor cells reciprocally interact with host cells to create a GBM patient-specific TME in PDOXs. We detected the most prominent transcriptomic adaptations in myeloid cells, with brain-resident microglia representing the main population in the cellular tumor, while peripheral-derived myeloid cells infiltrated the brain at sites of blood-brain barrier disruption. More specifically, we show that GBM-educated microglia undergo transition to diverse phenotypic states across distinct GBM landscapes and tumor niches. GBM-educated microglia subsets display phagocytic and dendritic cell-like gene expression programs. Additionally, we found novel microglial states expressing cell cycle programs, astrocytic or endothelial markers. Lastly, we show that temozolomide treatment leads to transcriptomic plasticity and altered crosstalk between GBM tumor cells and adjacent TME components. CONCLUSIONS Our data provide novel insights into the phenotypic adaptation of the heterogeneous TME instructed by GBM tumors. We show the key role of microglial phenotypic states in supporting GBM tumor growth and response to treatment. Our data place PDOXs as relevant models to assess the functionality of the TME and changes in the GBM ecosystem upon treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahaya A Yabo
- NORLUX Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), L-1210, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
- Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine (FSTM), University of Luxembourg, L-4367, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Pilar M Moreno-Sanchez
- NORLUX Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), L-1210, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
- Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine (FSTM), University of Luxembourg, L-4367, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Yolanda Pires-Afonso
- Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine (FSTM), University of Luxembourg, L-4367, Belvaux, Luxembourg
- Neuro-Immunology Group, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health, L-1210, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Tony Kaoma
- Bioinformatics Platform, Department of Medical Informatics, Luxembourg Institute of Health, L-1445, Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Bakhtiyor Nosirov
- NORLUX Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), L-1210, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
- Multiomics Data Science, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health, L-1445, Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Andrea Scafidi
- Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine (FSTM), University of Luxembourg, L-4367, Belvaux, Luxembourg
- Neuro-Immunology Group, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health, L-1210, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Luca Ermini
- NORLUX Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), L-1210, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Anuja Lipsa
- NORLUX Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), L-1210, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Anaïs Oudin
- NORLUX Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), L-1210, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Dimitrios Kyriakis
- Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine (FSTM), University of Luxembourg, L-4367, Belvaux, Luxembourg
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, L-4362, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Kamil Grzyb
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, L-4362, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Suresh K Poovathingal
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, L-4362, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
- Single Cell Analytics & Microfluidics Core, Vlaams Instituut Voor Biotechnologie-KU Leuven, 3000, Louvain, Belgium
| | - Aurélie Poli
- Neuro-Immunology Group, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health, L-1210, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Arnaud Muller
- Bioinformatics Platform, Department of Medical Informatics, Luxembourg Institute of Health, L-1445, Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Reka Toth
- Bioinformatics Platform, Department of Medical Informatics, Luxembourg Institute of Health, L-1445, Strassen, Luxembourg
- Multiomics Data Science, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health, L-1445, Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Barbara Klink
- National Center of Genetics, Laboratoire National de Santé, L-3555, Dudelange, Luxembourg
- Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health, L-1210, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK): Core Unit for Molecular Tumor Diagnostics (CMTD), National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT/UCC), Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner Site Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Dresden, Heidelberg, 01307, Germany
- Institute for Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Guy Berchem
- Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine (FSTM), University of Luxembourg, L-4367, Belvaux, Luxembourg
- Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health, L-1210, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
- Centre Hospitalier Luxembourg, L-1210, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | | | - Frank Hertel
- Centre Hospitalier Luxembourg, L-1210, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Michel Mittelbronn
- Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine (FSTM), University of Luxembourg, L-4367, Belvaux, Luxembourg
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, L-4362, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
- Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health, L-1210, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
- Luxembourg Center of Neuropathology (LCNP), L-3555, Dudelange, Luxembourg
- National Center of Pathology (NCP), Laboratoire National de Santé, L-3555, Dudelange, Luxembourg
| | - Dieter H Heiland
- Translational Neurosurgery, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen Nuremberg, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen Nuremberg, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Freiburg, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Skupin
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, L-4362, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
- Department of Physics and Material Science, University Luxembourg, L-4367, Belvaux, Luxembourg
- Department of Neuroscience, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Petr V Nazarov
- Bioinformatics Platform, Department of Medical Informatics, Luxembourg Institute of Health, L-1445, Strassen, Luxembourg
- Multiomics Data Science, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health, L-1445, Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Simone P Niclou
- NORLUX Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), L-1210, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
- Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine (FSTM), University of Luxembourg, L-4367, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Alessandro Michelucci
- NORLUX Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), L-1210, Luxembourg, Luxembourg.
- Neuro-Immunology Group, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health, L-1210, Luxembourg, Luxembourg.
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, L-4362, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.
| | - Anna Golebiewska
- NORLUX Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), L-1210, Luxembourg, Luxembourg.
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19
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Guo M, Liu MYR, Brooks DG. Regulation and impact of tumor-specific CD4 + T cells in cancer and immunotherapy. Trends Immunol 2024; 45:303-313. [PMID: 38508931 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2024.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
CD4+ T cells are crucial in generating and sustaining immune responses. They orchestrate and fine-tune mammalian innate and adaptive immunity through cell-based interactions and the release of cytokines. The role of these cells in contributing to the efficacy of antitumor immunity and immunotherapy has just started to be uncovered. Yet, many aspects of the CD4+ T cell response are still unclear, including the differentiation pathways controlling such cells during cancer progression, the external signals that program them, and how the combination of these factors direct ensuing immune responses or immune-restorative therapies. In this review, we focus on recent advances in understanding CD4+ T cell regulation during cancer progression and the importance of CD4+ T cells in immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengdi Guo
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Melissa Yi Ran Liu
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - David G Brooks
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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20
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Lofiego MF, Piazzini F, Caruso FP, Marzani F, Solmonese L, Bello E, Celesti F, Costa MC, Noviello T, Mortarini R, Anichini A, Ceccarelli M, Coral S, Di Giacomo AM, Maio M, Covre A. Epigenetic remodeling to improve the efficacy of immunotherapy in human glioblastoma: pre-clinical evidence for development of new immunotherapy approaches. J Transl Med 2024; 22:223. [PMID: 38429759 PMCID: PMC10908027 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05040-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a highly aggressive primary brain tumor, that is refractory to standard treatment and to immunotherapy with immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICI). Noteworthy, melanoma brain metastases (MM-BM), that share the same niche as GBM, frequently respond to current ICI therapies. Epigenetic modifications regulate GBM cellular proliferation, invasion, and prognosis and may negatively regulate the cross-talk between malignant cells and immune cells in the tumor milieu, likely contributing to limit the efficacy of ICI therapy of GBM. Thus, manipulating the tumor epigenome can be considered a therapeutic opportunity in GBM. METHODS Microarray transcriptional and methylation profiles, followed by gene set enrichment and IPA analyses, were performed to study the differences in the constitutive expression profiles of GBM vs MM-BM cells, compared to the extracranial MM cells and to investigate the modulatory effects of the DNA hypomethylating agent (DHA) guadecitabine among the different tumor cells. The prognostic relevance of DHA-modulated genes was tested by Cox analysis in a TCGA GBM patients' cohort. RESULTS The most striking differences between GBM and MM-BM cells were found to be the enrichment of biological processes associated with tumor growth, invasion, and extravasation with the inhibition of MHC class II antigen processing/presentation in GBM cells. Treatment with guadecitabine reduced these biological differences, shaping GBM cells towards a more immunogenic phenotype. Indeed, in GBM cells, promoter hypomethylation by guadecitabine led to the up-regulation of genes mainly associated with activation, proliferation, and migration of T and B cells and with MHC class II antigen processing/presentation. Among DHA-modulated genes in GBM, 7.6% showed a significant prognostic relevance. Moreover, a large set of immune-related upstream-regulators (URs) were commonly modulated by DHA in GBM, MM-BM, and MM cells: DHA-activated URs enriched for biological processes mainly involved in the regulation of cytokines and chemokines production, inflammatory response, and in Type I/II/III IFN-mediated signaling; conversely, DHA-inhibited URs were involved in metabolic and proliferative pathways. CONCLUSIONS Epigenetic remodeling by guadecitabine represents a promising strategy to increase the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy of GBM, supporting the rationale to develop new epigenetic-based immunotherapeutic approaches for the treatment of this still highly deadly disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Francesca Pia Caruso
- BIOGEM Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Ariano Irpino, Italy
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology (DIETI), University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | | | - Laura Solmonese
- Center for Immuno-Oncology, University Hospital of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | | | | | - Maria Claudia Costa
- BIOGEM Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Ariano Irpino, Italy
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology (DIETI), University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Teresa Noviello
- BIOGEM Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Ariano Irpino, Italy
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Roberta Mortarini
- Human Tumors Immunobiology Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Anichini
- Human Tumors Immunobiology Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Michele Ceccarelli
- BIOGEM Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Ariano Irpino, Italy
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | | | - Anna Maria Di Giacomo
- University of Siena, Siena, Italy
- Center for Immuno-Oncology, University Hospital of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Michele Maio
- University of Siena, Siena, Italy
- Center for Immuno-Oncology, University Hospital of Siena, Siena, Italy
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21
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Repici A, Ardizzone A, De Luca F, Colarossi L, Prestifilippo A, Pizzino G, Paterniti I, Esposito E, Capra AP. Signaling Pathways of AXL Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Contribute to the Pathogenetic Mechanisms of Glioblastoma. Cells 2024; 13:361. [PMID: 38391974 PMCID: PMC10886920 DOI: 10.3390/cells13040361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Brain tumors are a diverse collection of neoplasms affecting the brain with a high prevalence rate in people of all ages around the globe. In this pathological context, glioblastoma, a form of glioma that belongs to the IV-grade astrocytoma group, is the most common and most aggressive form of the primary brain tumors. Indeed, despite the best treatments available including surgery, radiotherapy or a pharmacological approach with Temozolomide, glioblastoma patients' mortality is still high, within a few months of diagnosis. Therefore, to increase the chances of these patients surviving, it is critical to keep finding novel treatment opportunities. In the past, efforts to treat glioblastoma have mostly concentrated on customized treatment plans that target specific mutations such as epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations, Neurotrophic Tyrosine Receptor Kinase (NTRK) fusions, or multiple receptors using multi-kinase inhibitors like Sunitinib and Regorafenib, with varying degrees of success. Here, we focused on the receptor tyrosine kinase AXL that has been identified as a mediator for tumor progression and therapy resistance in various cancer types, including squamous cell tumors, small cell lung cancer, and breast cancer. Activated AXL leads to a significant increase in tumor proliferation, tumor cell migration, and angiogenesis in different in vitro and in vivo models of cancer since this receptor regulates interplay with apoptotic, angiogenic and inflammatory pathways. Based on these premises, in this review we mainly focused on the role of AXL in the course of glioblastoma, considering its primary biological mechanisms and as a possible target for the application of the most recent treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Repici
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D’Alcontres, 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (A.R.); (A.A.); (F.D.L.); (I.P.); (A.P.C.)
| | - Alessio Ardizzone
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D’Alcontres, 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (A.R.); (A.A.); (F.D.L.); (I.P.); (A.P.C.)
| | - Fabiola De Luca
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D’Alcontres, 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (A.R.); (A.A.); (F.D.L.); (I.P.); (A.P.C.)
| | - Lorenzo Colarossi
- Istituto Oncologico del Mediterraneo, Via Penninazzo 7, 95029 Viagrande, Italy; (L.C.); (A.P.); (G.P.)
| | - Angela Prestifilippo
- Istituto Oncologico del Mediterraneo, Via Penninazzo 7, 95029 Viagrande, Italy; (L.C.); (A.P.); (G.P.)
| | - Gabriele Pizzino
- Istituto Oncologico del Mediterraneo, Via Penninazzo 7, 95029 Viagrande, Italy; (L.C.); (A.P.); (G.P.)
| | - Irene Paterniti
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D’Alcontres, 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (A.R.); (A.A.); (F.D.L.); (I.P.); (A.P.C.)
| | - Emanuela Esposito
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D’Alcontres, 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (A.R.); (A.A.); (F.D.L.); (I.P.); (A.P.C.)
| | - Anna Paola Capra
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D’Alcontres, 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (A.R.); (A.A.); (F.D.L.); (I.P.); (A.P.C.)
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22
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Yadav N, Purow BW. Understanding current experimental models of glioblastoma-brain microenvironment interactions. J Neurooncol 2024; 166:213-229. [PMID: 38180686 PMCID: PMC11056965 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-023-04536-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a common and devastating primary brain tumor, with median survival of 16-18 months after diagnosis in the setting of substantial resistance to standard-of-care and inevitable tumor recurrence. Recent work has implicated the brain microenvironment as being critical for GBM proliferation, invasion, and resistance to treatment. GBM does not operate in isolation, with neurons, astrocytes, and multiple immune populations being implicated in GBM tumor progression and invasiveness. The goal of this review article is to provide an overview of the available in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo experimental models for assessing GBM-brain interactions, as well as discuss each model's relative strengths and limitations. Current in vitro models discussed will include 2D and 3D co-culture platforms with various cells of the brain microenvironment, as well as spheroids, whole organoids, and models of fluid dynamics, such as interstitial flow. An overview of in vitro and ex vivo organotypic GBM brain slices is also provided. Finally, we conclude with a discussion of the various in vivo rodent models of GBM, including xenografts, syngeneic grafts, and genetically-engineered models of GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niket Yadav
- Department of Neurology, University of Virginia Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Benjamin W Purow
- Department of Neurology, University of Virginia Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA.
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23
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Camviel N, Akkari L. Uniting innate and adaptive immunity in glioblastoma; an α-CTLA-4 quest. Trends Immunol 2023; 44:933-935. [PMID: 37949785 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2023.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Immunotherapies have thus far led to disappointing outcomes in patients suffering from glioblastoma. Published in Immunity, Chen et al.'s recent study shows the therapeutic potential of an αCTLA-4 antibody (Ab), specifically in murine mesenchymal-like glioblastoma. αCTLA-4 Ab efficacy relied on the distinctive cooperation between CD4+ Th1 T cells and microglia, unleashing a potent antitumor response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Camviel
- Division of Tumour Biology and Immunology, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Leila Akkari
- Division of Tumour Biology and Immunology, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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24
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Chen H, Sameshima J, Yokomizo S, Sueyoshi T, Nagano H, Miyahara Y, Sakamoto T, Fujii S, Kiyoshima T, Guy T, Nakamura S, Moriyama M, Kaneko N, Kawano S. Expansion of CD4+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes with specific gene expression patterns may contribute to suppression of tumor immunity in oral squamous cell carcinoma: single-cell analysis and in vitro experiments. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1305783. [PMID: 38077321 PMCID: PMC10702345 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1305783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cancer immunotherapy targeting CD8+ T cells has made remarkable progress, even for oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), a heterogeneous epithelial tumor without a substantial increase in the overall survival rate over the past decade. However, the therapeutic effects remain limited due to therapy resistance. Thus, a more comprehensive understanding of the roles of CD4+ T cells and B cells is crucial for more robust development of cancer immunotherapy. Methods In this study, we examined immune responses and effector functions of CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells and B cells infiltrating in OSCC lesions using single-cell RNA sequencing analysis, T cell receptor (TCR) and B cell receptor (BCR) repertoire sequencing analysis, and multi-color immunofluorescence staining. Finally, two Kaplan-Meier curves and several Cox proportional hazards models were constructed for the survival analysis. Results We observed expansion of CD4+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) expressing granzymes, which are reported to induce cell apoptosis, with a unique gene expression patterns. CD4+ CTLs also expressed CXCL13, which is a B cell chemoattractant. Cell-cell communication analysis and multi-color immunofluorescence staining demonstrated potential interactions between CD4+ CTLs and B cells, particularly IgD- CD27- double negative (DN) B cells. Expansion of CD4+ CTLs, DN B cells, and their contacts has been reported in T and B cell-activated diseases, including IgG4-related disease and COVID-19. Notably, we observed upregulation of several inhibitory receptor genes including CTLA-4 in CD4+ CTLs, which possibly dampened T and B cell activity. We next demonstrated comprehensive delineation of the potential for CD8+ T cell differentiation towards dysfunctional states. Furthermore, prognostic analysis revealed unfavorable outcomes of patients with a high proportion of CD4+ CTLs in OSCC lesions. Conclusion Our study provides a dynamic landscape of lymphocytes and demonstrates a systemic investigation of CD4+ CTL effects infiltrating into OSCC lesions, which may share some pathogenesis reported in severe T and B cell-activated diseases such as autoimmune and infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Chen
- Section of Oral and Maxillofacial Oncology, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Junsei Sameshima
- Section of Oral and Maxillofacial Oncology, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shiho Yokomizo
- Section of Oral and Maxillofacial Oncology, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tomoki Sueyoshi
- Section of Oral and Maxillofacial Oncology, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Haruki Nagano
- Section of Oral and Maxillofacial Oncology, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yuka Miyahara
- Section of Oral and Maxillofacial Oncology, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Taiki Sakamoto
- Section of Oral and Maxillofacial Oncology, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Fujii
- Laboratory of Oral Pathology, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tamotsu Kiyoshima
- Laboratory of Oral Pathology, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Thomas Guy
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Seiji Nakamura
- Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masafumi Moriyama
- Section of Oral and Maxillofacial Oncology, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Naoki Kaneko
- Section of Oral and Maxillofacial Oncology, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Shintaro Kawano
- Section of Oral and Maxillofacial Oncology, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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25
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Blise KE, Sivagnanam S, Betts CB, Betre K, Kirchberger N, Tate B, Furth EE, Dias Costa A, Nowak JA, Wolpin BM, Vonderheide RH, Goecks J, Coussens LM, Byrne KT. Machine learning links T cell function and spatial localization to neoadjuvant immunotherapy and clinical outcome in pancreatic cancer. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.20.563335. [PMID: 37961410 PMCID: PMC10634700 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.20.563335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Tumor molecular datasets are becoming increasingly complex, making it nearly impossible for humans alone to effectively analyze them. Here, we demonstrate the power of using machine learning to analyze a single-cell, spatial, and highly multiplexed proteomic dataset from human pancreatic cancer and reveal underlying biological mechanisms that may contribute to clinical outcome. A novel multiplex immunohistochemistry antibody panel was used to audit T cell functionality and spatial localization in resected tumors from treatment-naive patients with localized pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) compared to a second cohort of patients treated with neoadjuvant agonistic CD40 (αCD40) monoclonal antibody therapy. In total, nearly 2.5 million cells from 306 tissue regions collected from 29 patients across both treatment cohorts were assayed, and more than 1,000 tumor microenvironment (TME) features were quantified. We then trained machine learning models to accurately predict αCD40 treatment status and disease-free survival (DFS) following αCD40 therapy based upon TME features. Through downstream interpretation of the machine learning models' predictions, we found αCD40 therapy to reduce canonical aspects of T cell exhaustion within the TME, as compared to treatment-naive TMEs. Using automated clustering approaches, we found improved DFS following αCD40 therapy to correlate with the increased presence of CD44+ CD4+ Th1 cells located specifically within cellular spatial neighborhoods characterized by increased T cell proliferation, antigen-experience, and cytotoxicity in immune aggregates. Overall, our results demonstrate the utility of machine learning in molecular cancer immunology applications, highlight the impact of αCD40 therapy on T cells within the TME, and identify potential candidate biomarkers of DFS for αCD40-treated patients with PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie E. Blise
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR USA
- The Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR USA
| | - Shamilene Sivagnanam
- The Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR USA
- Department of Cell, Developmental & Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR USA
| | - Courtney B. Betts
- The Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR USA
- Department of Cell, Developmental & Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR USA
- Current affiliation: Akoya Biosciences, 100 Campus Drive, 6th Floor, Marlborough, MA USA
| | - Konjit Betre
- Department of Cell, Developmental & Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR USA
| | - Nell Kirchberger
- Department of Cell, Developmental & Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR USA
| | - Benjamin Tate
- The Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR USA
- Immune Monitoring and Cancer Omics Services, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR USA
| | - Emma E. Furth
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
- Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Andressa Dias Costa
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Jonathan A. Nowak
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Brian M. Wolpin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Robert H. Vonderheide
- Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Jeremy Goecks
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR USA
- The Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR USA
- Current affiliation: Department of Machine Learning, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL USA
- Current affiliation: Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL USA
| | - Lisa M. Coussens
- The Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR USA
- Department of Cell, Developmental & Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR USA
| | - Katelyn T. Byrne
- The Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR USA
- Department of Cell, Developmental & Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR USA
- Lead contact
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