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Vidya Balakrishnan PV, Gajski G, Chitra KC. The effects of iron oxide nanoparticles on antioxidant capacity and response to oxidative stress in Mozambique tilapia ( Oreochromis mossambicus, Peters 1852). Arh Hig Rada Toksikol 2024; 75:125-136. [PMID: 38963142 PMCID: PMC11223512 DOI: 10.2478/aiht-2024-75-3826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent research has raised concern about the biocompatibility of iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs), as they have been reported to induce oxidative stress and inflammatory responses, whilst prolonged exposure to high IONP concentrations may lead to cyto-/genotoxicity. Besides, there is concern about its environmental impact. The aim of our study was to investigate the effects of IONPs on the antioxidant defence system in freshwater fish Mozambique tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus, Peters 1852). The fish were exposed to IONP concentration of 15 mg/L over 1, 3, 4, 15, 30, and 60 days and the findings compared to a control, unexposed group. In addition, we followed up the fish for 60 days after exposure had stopped to estimate the stability of oxidative stress induced by IONPs. Exposure affected the activity of antioxidant and marker enzymes and increased the levels of hydrogen peroxide and lipid peroxidation in the gill, liver, and brain tissues of the fish. Even after 60 days of depuration, adverse effects remained, indicating long-term nanotoxicity. Moreover, IONPs accumulated in the gill, liver, and brain tissues. Our findings underscore the potential health risks posed to non-target organisms in the environment, and it is imperative to establish appropriate guidelines for safe handling and disposal of IONPs to protect the aquatic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Goran Gajski
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Division of Toxicology, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Kumari Chidambaran Chitra
- University of Calicut, Department of Zoology, Endocrinology and Toxicology Laboratory, Malappuram, India
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2
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Wang D, Pan Q, Yang J, Gong S, Liu X, Fu Y. Effects of Mixtures of Engineered Nanoparticles and Cocontaminants on Anaerobic Digestion. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:2598-2614. [PMID: 38291652 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c09239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
The widespread application of nanotechnology inevitably leads to an increased release of engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) into the environment. Due to their specific physicochemical properties, ENPs may interact with other contaminants and exert combined effects on the microbial community and metabolism of anaerobic digestion (AD), an important process for organic waste reduction, stabilization, and bioenergy recovery. However, the complicated interactions between ENPs and other contaminants as well as their combined effects on AD are often overlooked. This review therefore focuses on the co-occurrence of ENPs and cocontaminants in the AD process. The key interactions between ENPs and cocontaminants and their combined influences on AD are summarized from the available literature, including the critical mechanisms and influencing factors. Some sulfides, coagulants, and chelating agents have a dramatic "detoxification" effect on the inhibition effect of ENPs on AD. However, some antibiotics and surfactants increase the inhibition of ENPs on AD. The reasons for these differences may be related to the interactive effects between ENPs and cocontaminants, changes of key enzyme activities, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and microbial communities. New scientific opportunities for a better understanding of the coexistence in real world situations are converging on the scale of nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongbo Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Ministry of Education), Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P.R. China
| | - Qinyi Pan
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Ministry of Education), Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P.R. China
| | - Jingnan Yang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Water Security for Water Source Region of Mid-line of South-to-North Diversion Project of Henan Province, School of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, PR China
| | - Sheng Gong
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Ministry of Education), Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P.R. China
| | - Xuran Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Ministry of Education), Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P.R. China
| | - Yukui Fu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Ministry of Education), Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P.R. China
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3
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Salari S, Sadeghi-Yarandi M, Golbabaei F. An integrated approach to occupational health risk assessment of manufacturing nanomaterials using Pythagorean Fuzzy AHP and Fuzzy Inference System. Sci Rep 2024; 14:180. [PMID: 38168505 PMCID: PMC10762155 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-48885-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Nanomaterials (NMs) have the potential to be hazardous owing to their unique physico-chemical properties. Therefore, the need for Health Risk Assessment (HRA) of NMs is expanding. In this study, a novel HRA was developed by the Pythagorean Fuzzy Health Risk Assessment (PFHRA) approach. Risk is considered to be the outcome of parameters including Occurrence Likelihood (OL), Potential Exposure (PE) and Toxic Effects (TE). In our proposed method, priority weights of sub-factors in Pythagorean Fuzzy-Analytical Hierarchical Process (PF-AHP) were determined by pairwise comparison based on expert judgment. After determining parameter scores, both RM and risk class (i.e., negligible, minor, major and critical) were reported as Fuzzy Inference System (FIS) output. Ultimately, a risk management strategy is presented for NMs manufacturing workplaces. This proposed method provides experts with more flexibility to express their opinions. The PFHRA approach was applied for two scenarios. The production scenario for SiNPs can create minor (5%) and major (95%) occupational health risks; the production scenario for ZnONPs can create minor (100%) concerns. However, the production SiNPs and ZnONPs utilizing the CB Nanotool technique had a major and minor risk class, respectively. The results of the present study confirmed the reliability and applicability of this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samaneh Salari
- Department of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohsen Sadeghi-Yarandi
- Department of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farideh Golbabaei
- Department of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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4
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Vahabi Shekarloo M, Panjali Z, Mehrifar Y, Ramezanifar S, Naziri SH, Ghasemi Koozekonan A, Moradpour Z, Zendehdel R. Application of a novel exposure limit approach for co-exposure of chemicals: a field study by in-vitro design. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2023; 33:1269-1277. [PMID: 35674128 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2022.2084513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study has suggested an occupational exposure limit (OEL) based on the co-exposure approach in an iron-foundry industry. Respirable dust was collected in an iron casting industry using the NIOSH 0600 method. The DNA damage was obtained by comet assay. The lower confidence interval of the benchmark dose (BMDL) was employed for exposure limit evaluation. The estimated BMDL of the cell line was extrapolated to human subjects. Based on the Hill model, a BMDL 1.65 µg for chemical mixture has been estimated for the A549 cell line. According to uncertainty factors, permitted daily exposure (PDE) was predicted in humans. However, PDE of 3.9 μg/m3 was specified as the time-weighted average limit for toxic respirable dust in the casting industry. In this study, OEL for active respirable dust in the casting industry has been proposed. The industry-based standard for active respirable dust has been proposed for better management of co-exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoomeh Vahabi Shekarloo
- Student Research Committee, Department of Occupational Health and Safety, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Panjali
- Department of Occupational Health Engineering, Faculty of Health and Medical Engineering, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Younes Mehrifar
- Department of Occupational Health and Safety, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soleiman Ramezanifar
- Department of Occupational Health and Safety, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Husein Naziri
- Department of Occupational Health and Safety, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Aysa Ghasemi Koozekonan
- Department of Occupational Health and Safety, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Moradpour
- Department of Occupational Health and Safety, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rezvan Zendehdel
- Environmental and Occupational Hazards Control Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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5
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Forest V, Pourchez J. Can the impact of micro- and nanoplastics on human health really be assessed using in vitro models? A review of methodological issues. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2023; 178:108115. [PMID: 37542783 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.108115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
Because of the many advantages they offer (strength, low cost, durability, lightweight, resistance, etc.), plastics are integral part of our daily life with a production constantly rising. However, their waste management is still inadequate, resulting in their release and accumulation in the environment, representing a main source of pollution. Their degradation results in debris of variable size including microplastics (0.1 μm-5 mm) and even nanoplastics (<0.1 μm), whose potential impact on ecosystems and human health have raised concerns. The potential adverse effects they may cause have been evaluated using both in vitro and in vivo models. However, due to some specific characteristics of micro- and nanoplastics, there are challenging questions about whether conventional in vitro tests are appropriate for evaluating their toxicity. For example, low-density plastics float on the surface of the culture medium and cannot come into contact with cells adhering to the bottom of the culture plates, which prevents proper evaluation of potential adverse effects and leads to misinterpretation of toxicological assays. In this review, we discuss the main issues related to the evaluation of micro- and nanoplastics toxicity using conventional in vitro assays. A literature survey has allowed to propose some solutions to circumvent these issues including the use of mathematical models to accurately determine the dose of particles delivered to cells, advanced 3D models (organoids), inverted cell culture models, cell cultures at the air-liquid interface or under dynamic conditions. Finally, we propose some perspectives and recommendations for further research on the in vitro evaluation of micro- and nanoplastics toxicity, underlining the importance of using standardized protocols for comparison purposes and samples and experimental conditions more representative of real-life exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Forest
- Mines Saint-Etienne, Univ Jean Monnet, INSERM, U1059 Sainbiose, Centre CIS, F-42023 Saint-Etienne, France.
| | - Jérémie Pourchez
- Mines Saint-Etienne, Univ Jean Monnet, INSERM, U1059 Sainbiose, Centre CIS, F-42023 Saint-Etienne, France
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6
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Zhang Z, Yang N, Yu J, Jin S, Shen G, Chen H, Yuzhen N, Xiang D, Qian K. Research Progress of a Pesticide Polymer-Controlled Release System Based on Polysaccharides. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:2810. [PMID: 37447458 DOI: 10.3390/polym15132810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, with the development of the nanomaterials discipline, many new pesticide drug-carrying systems-such as pesticide nano-metal particles, nano-metal oxides, and other drug-carrying materials-had been developed and applied to pesticide formulations. Although these new drug-loading systems are relatively friendly to the environment, the direct exposure of many metal nanoparticles to the environment will inevitably lead to potential effects. In response to these problems, organic nanomaterials have been rapidly developed due to their high-quality biodegradation and biocompatibility. Most of these organic nanomaterials were mainly polysaccharide materials, such as chitosan, carboxymethyl chitosan, sodium alginate, β-cyclodextrin, cellulose, starch, guar gum, etc. Some of these materials could be used to carry inorganic materials to develop a temperature- or pH-sensitive pesticide drug delivery system. Herein, the pesticide drug-carrying system developed based on polysaccharide materials, such as chitosan, was referred to as the pesticide polymer drug-carrying system based on polysaccharide materials. This kind of drug-loading system could be used to protect the pesticide molecules from harsh environments, such as pH, light, temperature, etc., and was used to develop the function of a sustained release, targeted release of pesticides in the intestine of insects, and achieve the goal of precise application, reduction, and efficiency of pesticides. In this review, the recent progress in the field of polysaccharide-based polymer drug delivery systems for pesticides has been discussed, and suggestions for future development were proposed based on the current situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zan Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Ni Yang
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Jie Yu
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Shuo Jin
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Guangmao Shen
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Hanqiu Chen
- Institute of Vegetable, Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa 850032, China
| | - Nima Yuzhen
- Institute of Vegetable, Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa 850032, China
| | - Dong Xiang
- Institute of Vegetable, Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa 850032, China
| | - Kun Qian
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
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Lee J, Lee Y, Lee J, Kang M, Jeong S. Complementary Analysis for Undetectable Microplastics from Contact Lenses to Aquatic Environments via Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28093713. [PMID: 37175123 PMCID: PMC10179804 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28093713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Although microplastics (MPs) are intrinsically toxic and function as vectors for organic micropollutants, their discharge from wastewater treatment plant effluents and human activity remains unknown owing to the limitations of detection and treatment technologies. It is imperative to quantify MPs from human activities involving the consumption of various plastic products. This study warns that contact lenses can generate MPs and nanoplastics (NPs) after being discharged into aquatic environments. Identification via micro-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy revealed that the fragmented particles (from a few tens to a few hundred micrometres) could not be detected as poly(2-hydroxyl methacrylate), the component of contact lenses, owing to changes in its chemical properties. After the degradation process, the median size of the contact lens particles decreased from 313 to 85 µm. Approximately 300,600 g of contact lens waste is discharged into sewage systems daily in the United States of America (USA), where 45 million people wear contact lenses and throw away one-fifth of them every day. Contact lens waste (1 g) has the potential to release 5653.3-17,773.3 particles of MPs. This implies that the currently reported MP amounts in the environmental matrix exclude significant amounts of MPs and NPs from discharged contact lenses. The identification method should be examined, and a registration of the disposal process should be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieun Lee
- Institute for Environmental and Energy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Yejin Lee
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeonghyeon Lee
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Minseong Kang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghyun Jeong
- Institute for Environmental and Energy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
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Liu J, Wen Y, Mo Y, Liu W, Yan X, Zhou H, Yan B. Chemical speciation determines combined cytotoxicity: Examples of biochar and arsenic/chromium. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 448:130855. [PMID: 36708695 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.130855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
As both electron donors and acceptors, biochars (BCs) may interact with multivalent metal ions in the environment, causing changes in ionic valence states and resulting in unknown combined toxicity. Therefore, we systematically investigated the interaction between BCs and Cr (Cr(III) & Cr(VI)) or As (As(III) & As(V)) and their combined cytotoxicity in human colorectal mucosal (FHC) cells. Our results suggest that the redox-induced valence state change is a critical factor in the combined cytotoxicity of BCs with Cr/As. Specifically, when Cr(VI) was adsorbed on BCs, 86.4 % of Cr(VI) was reduced to Cr(III). In contrast, As(III) was partially oxidized to As(V) with a ratio of 37.2 %, thus reaching a reaction equilibrium. Meanwhile, only As(V) was released in the cell, which could cause more As(III) to be oxidized. As both Cr(III) and As(V) are less toxic than their corresponding counterparts Cr(VI) and As(III), different redox interactions between BCs and Cr/As and release profiles between BCs and Cr/As together lead to reduced combined cytotoxicity of BP-BC-Cr(VI) and BP-BC-As(III). It suggests that the valence state changes of metal ions due to redox effects is one of the parameters to be focused on when studying the combined toxicity of complexes of BCs with different heavy metal ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Liu
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yuting Wen
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yucong Mo
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Weizhen Liu
- School of Environment and Energy, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Wastes Pollution Control and Recycling, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Xiliang Yan
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Hongyu Zhou
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Bing Yan
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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Vedula SS, Yadav GD. Synthesis and application of environment friendly membranes of chitosan and chitosan-PTA for removal of copper (II) from wastewater. Chem Ind 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00194506.2022.2093636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shivani S. Vedula
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, India
| | - Ganapati D. Yadav
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, India
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10
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Gambardella C, Pinsino A. Nanomaterial Ecotoxicology in the Terrestrial and Aquatic Environment: A Systematic Review. TOXICS 2022; 10:393. [PMID: 35878298 PMCID: PMC9323026 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10070393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
This systematic review analyzes the studies available on the ecotoxicity of nanomaterials (NMs) in the environment to understand where future research should be addressed for achieving Agenda 2030 goals on sustainable development and environmental safety. We discuss the status of NMs ecotoxicological effects across different organisms that are representative of all natural environments (land, air, water). A total of 1562 publications were retrieved from the Web of Science (all databases) by using the search criteria "nanomaterials" and "ecotoxicology"; among them, 303 studies were included in the systematic review because they met any of the following criteria: (i) focalize on both search criteria; (ii) deal with terrestrial, or aquatic environment; (iii) address models (organisms, cells) for the nano environmental risk assessment and exposure. The knowledge gaps are identified together with novel insights that need to be further investigated to better understand the ecotoxicological environmental impacts of NMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Gambardella
- Institute for the Study of Anthropic Impacts and Sustainability in the Marine Environment, National Research Council, 16149 Genova, Italy
| | - Annalisa Pinsino
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Research Council, 90146 Palermo, Italy
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Upadhyay S, Chakraborty A, Thimraj TA, Baldi M, Steneholm A, Ganguly K, Gerde P, Ernstgård L, Palmberg L. Establishment of Repeated In Vitro Exposure System for Evaluating Pulmonary Toxicity of Representative Criteria Air Pollutants Using Advanced Bronchial Mucosa Models. TOXICS 2022; 10:toxics10060277. [PMID: 35736886 PMCID: PMC9228979 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10060277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
There is mounting evidence that shows the association between chronic exposure to air pollutants (particulate matter and gaseous) and onset of various respiratory impairments. However, the corresponding toxicological mechanisms of mixed exposure are poorly understood. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to establish a repeated exposure setting for evaluating the pulmonary toxicological effects of diesel exhaust particles (DEP), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and sulfur dioxide (SO2) as representative criterial air pollutants. Single, combined (DEP with NO2 and SO2), and repeated exposures were performed using physiologically relevant human bronchial mucosa models developed at the air−liquid interface (bro-ALI). The bro-ALI models were generated using human primary bronchial epithelial cells (3−4 donors; 2 replicates per donor). The exposure regime included the following: 1. DEP (12.5 µg/cm2; 3 min/day, 3 days); 2. low gaseous (NO2: 0.1 ppm + SO2: 0.2 ppm); (30 min/day, 3 days); 3. high gaseous (NO2: 0.2 ppm + SO2: 0.4 ppm) (30 min/day, 3 days); and 4. single combined (DEP + low gaseous for 1 day). The markers for pro-inflammatory (IL8, IL6, NFKB, TNF), oxidative stress (HMOX1, GSTA1, SOD3,) and tissue injury/repair (MMP9, TIMP1) responses were assessed at transcriptional and/ or secreted protein levels following exposure. The corresponding sham-exposed samples under identical conditions served as the control. A non-parametric statistical analysis was performed and p < 0.05 was considered as significant. Repeated exposure to DEP and single combined (DEP + low gaseous) exposure showed significant alteration in the pro-inflammatory, oxidative stress and tissue injury responses compared to repeated exposures to gaseous air pollutants. The study demonstrates that it is feasible to predict the long-term effects of air pollutants using the above explained exposure system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swapna Upadhyay
- Unit of Integrative Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; (A.C.); (T.A.T.); (M.B.); (K.G.); (P.G.); (L.E.)
- Correspondence: (S.U.); (L.P.); Tel.:+46-85-2487930 (S.U.); +46-8-524-822-10 (L.P.)
| | - Ashesh Chakraborty
- Unit of Integrative Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; (A.C.); (T.A.T.); (M.B.); (K.G.); (P.G.); (L.E.)
| | - Tania A. Thimraj
- Unit of Integrative Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; (A.C.); (T.A.T.); (M.B.); (K.G.); (P.G.); (L.E.)
| | - Marialuisa Baldi
- Unit of Integrative Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; (A.C.); (T.A.T.); (M.B.); (K.G.); (P.G.); (L.E.)
| | | | - Koustav Ganguly
- Unit of Integrative Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; (A.C.); (T.A.T.); (M.B.); (K.G.); (P.G.); (L.E.)
| | - Per Gerde
- Unit of Integrative Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; (A.C.); (T.A.T.); (M.B.); (K.G.); (P.G.); (L.E.)
| | - Lena Ernstgård
- Unit of Integrative Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; (A.C.); (T.A.T.); (M.B.); (K.G.); (P.G.); (L.E.)
| | - Lena Palmberg
- Unit of Integrative Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; (A.C.); (T.A.T.); (M.B.); (K.G.); (P.G.); (L.E.)
- Correspondence: (S.U.); (L.P.); Tel.:+46-85-2487930 (S.U.); +46-8-524-822-10 (L.P.)
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12
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Forest V. Experimental and Computational Nanotoxicology-Complementary Approaches for Nanomaterial Hazard Assessment. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12081346. [PMID: 35458054 PMCID: PMC9031966 DOI: 10.3390/nano12081346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The growing development and applications of nanomaterials lead to an increasing release of these materials in the environment. The adverse effects they may elicit on ecosystems or human health are not always fully characterized. Such potential toxicity must be carefully assessed with the underlying mechanisms elucidated. To that purpose, different approaches can be used. First, experimental toxicology consisting of conducting in vitro or in vivo experiments (including clinical studies) can be used to evaluate the nanomaterial hazard. It can rely on variable models (more or less complex), allowing the investigation of different biological endpoints. The respective advantages and limitations of in vitro and in vivo models are discussed as well as some issues associated with experimental nanotoxicology. Perspectives of future developments in the field are also proposed. Second, computational nanotoxicology, i.e., in silico approaches, can be used to predict nanomaterial toxicity. In this context, we describe the general principles, advantages, and limitations especially of quantitative structure–activity relationship (QSAR) models and grouping/read-across approaches. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of these different approaches based on examples and highlight their complementarity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Forest
- Mines Saint-Etienne, Univ Lyon, Univ Jean Monnet, Etablissement Français du Sang, INSERM, U1059 Sainbiose, Centre CIS, F-42023 Saint-Etienne, France
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Revisiting Total Particle Number Measurements for Vehicle Exhaust Regulations. ATMOSPHERE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos13020155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Road transport significantly contributes to air pollution in cities. Emission regulations have led to significantly reduced emissions in modern vehicles. Particle emissions are controlled by a particulate matter (PM) mass and a solid particle number (SPN) limit. There are concerns that the SPN limit does not effectively control all relevant particulate species and there are instances of semi-volatile particle emissions that are order of magnitudes higher than the SPN emission levels. This overview discusses whether a new metric (total particles, i.e., solids and volatiles) should be introduced for the effective regulation of vehicle emissions. Initially, it summarizes recent findings on the contribution of road transport to particle number concentration levels in cities. Then, both solid and total particle emission levels from modern vehicles are presented and the adverse health effects of solid and volatile particles are briefly discussed. Finally, the open issues regarding an appropriate methodology (sampling and instrumentation) in order to achieve representative and reproducible results are summarized. The main finding of this overview is that, even though total particle sampling and quantification is feasible, details for its realization in a regulatory context are lacking. It is important to define the methodology details (sampling and dilution, measurement instrumentation, relevant sizes, etc.) and conduct inter-laboratory exercises to determine the reproducibility of a proposed method. It is also necessary to monitor the vehicle emissions according to the new method to understand current and possible future levels. With better understanding of the instances of formation of nucleation mode particles it will be possible to identify its culprits (e.g., fuel, lubricant, combustion, or aftertreatment operation). Then the appropriate solutions can be enforced and the right decisions can be taken on the need for new regulatory initiatives, for example the addition of total particles in the tailpipe, decrease of specific organic precursors, better control of inorganic precursors (e.g., NH3, SOx), or revision of fuel and lubricant specifications.
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Majumder N, Velayutham M, Bitounis D, Kodali VK, Hasan Mazumder MH, Amedro J, Khramtsov VV, Erdely A, Nurkiewicz T, Demokritou P, Kelley EE, Hussain S. Oxidized carbon black nanoparticles induce endothelial damage through C-X-C chemokine receptor 3-mediated pathway. Redox Biol 2021; 47:102161. [PMID: 34624601 PMCID: PMC8502956 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.102161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidation of engineered nanomaterials during application in various industrial sectors can alter their toxicity. Oxidized nanomaterials also have widespread industrial and biomedical applications. In this study, we evaluated the cardiopulmonary hazard posed by these nanomaterials using oxidized carbon black (CB) nanoparticles (CBox) as a model particle. Particle surface chemistry was characterized by X-ray photo electron spectroscopy (XPS) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Colloidal characterization and in vitro dosimetry modeling (particle kinetics, fate and transport modeling) were performed. Lung inflammation was assessed following oropharyngeal aspiration of CB or oxidized CBox particles (20 μg per mouse) in C57BL/6J mice. Toxicity and functional assays were also performed on murine macrophage (RAW 264.7) and endothelial cell lines (C166) with and without pharmacological inhibitors. Oxidant generation was assessed by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy (EPR) and via flow cytometry. Endothelial toxicity was evaluated by quantifying pro-inflammatory mRNA expression, monolayer permeability, and wound closure. XPS and FTIR spectra indicated surface modifications, the appearance of new functionalities, and greater oxidative potential (both acellular and in vitro) of CBox particles. Treatment with CBox demonstrated greater in vivo inflammatory potentials (lavage neutrophil counts, secreted cytokine, and lung tissue mRNA expression) and air-blood barrier disruption (lavage proteins). Oxidant-dependent pro-inflammatory signaling in macrophages led to the production of CXCR3 ligands (CXCL9,10,11). Conditioned medium from CBox-treated macrophages induced significant elevation in endothelial cell pro-inflammatory mRNA expression, enhanced monolayer permeability and impairment of scratch healing in CXCR3 dependent manner. In summary, this study mechanistically demonstrated an increased biological potency of CBox particles and established the role of macrophage-released chemical mediators in endothelial damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nairrita Majumder
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, West Virginia University, School of Medicine, USA; Center for Inhalation Toxicology (iTOX), West Virginia University, School of Medicine, USA
| | - Murugesan Velayutham
- Center for Inhalation Toxicology (iTOX), West Virginia University, School of Medicine, USA; Department of Biochemistry, West Virginia University, School of Medicine, USA
| | - Dimitrios Bitounis
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Department of Environmental Health, T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Vamsi K Kodali
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, West Virginia University, School of Medicine, USA; Center for Inhalation Toxicology (iTOX), West Virginia University, School of Medicine, USA; National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Md Habibul Hasan Mazumder
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, West Virginia University, School of Medicine, USA; Center for Inhalation Toxicology (iTOX), West Virginia University, School of Medicine, USA
| | - Jessica Amedro
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, West Virginia University, School of Medicine, USA; Center for Inhalation Toxicology (iTOX), West Virginia University, School of Medicine, USA
| | - Valery V Khramtsov
- Department of Biochemistry, West Virginia University, School of Medicine, USA
| | - Aaron Erdely
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, West Virginia University, School of Medicine, USA; Center for Inhalation Toxicology (iTOX), West Virginia University, School of Medicine, USA; National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Timothy Nurkiewicz
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, West Virginia University, School of Medicine, USA; Center for Inhalation Toxicology (iTOX), West Virginia University, School of Medicine, USA; National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Philip Demokritou
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Department of Environmental Health, T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eric E Kelley
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, West Virginia University, School of Medicine, USA; Center for Inhalation Toxicology (iTOX), West Virginia University, School of Medicine, USA
| | - Salik Hussain
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, West Virginia University, School of Medicine, USA; Center for Inhalation Toxicology (iTOX), West Virginia University, School of Medicine, USA.
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