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Ball JR, Shelby T, Hernandez F, Mayfield CK, Lieberman JR. Delivery of Growth Factors to Enhance Bone Repair. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:1252. [PMID: 38002376 PMCID: PMC10669014 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10111252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The management of critical-sized bone defects caused by nonunion, trauma, infection, malignancy, pseudoarthrosis, and osteolysis poses complex reconstruction challenges for orthopedic surgeons. Current treatment modalities, including autograft, allograft, and distraction osteogenesis, are insufficient for the diverse range of pathology encountered in clinical practice, with significant complications associated with each. Therefore, there is significant interest in the development of delivery vehicles for growth factors to aid in bone repair in these settings. This article reviews innovative strategies for the management of critical-sized bone loss, including novel scaffolds designed for controlled release of rhBMP, bioengineered extracellular vesicles for delivery of intracellular signaling molecules, and advances in regional gene therapy for sustained signaling strategies. Improvement in the delivery of growth factors to areas of significant bone loss has the potential to revolutionize current treatment for this complex clinical challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob R. Ball
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, 1500 San Pablo St., Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
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2
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Szwed-Georgiou A, Płociński P, Kupikowska-Stobba B, Urbaniak MM, Rusek-Wala P, Szustakiewicz K, Piszko P, Krupa A, Biernat M, Gazińska M, Kasprzak M, Nawrotek K, Mira NP, Rudnicka K. Bioactive Materials for Bone Regeneration: Biomolecules and Delivery Systems. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2023; 9:5222-5254. [PMID: 37585562 PMCID: PMC10498424 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c00609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Novel tissue regeneration strategies are constantly being developed worldwide. Research on bone regeneration is noteworthy, as many promising new approaches have been documented with novel strategies currently under investigation. Innovative biomaterials that allow the coordinated and well-controlled repair of bone fractures and bone loss are being designed to reduce the need for autologous or allogeneic bone grafts eventually. The current engineering technologies permit the construction of synthetic, complex, biomimetic biomaterials with properties nearly as good as those of natural bone with good biocompatibility. To ensure that all these requirements meet, bioactive molecules are coupled to structural scaffolding constituents to form a final product with the desired physical, chemical, and biological properties. Bioactive molecules that have been used to promote bone regeneration include protein growth factors, peptides, amino acids, hormones, lipids, and flavonoids. Various strategies have been adapted to investigate the coupling of bioactive molecules with scaffolding materials to sustain activity and allow controlled release. The current manuscript is a thorough survey of the strategies that have been exploited for the delivery of biomolecules for bone regeneration purposes, from choosing the bioactive molecule to selecting the optimal strategy to synthesize the scaffold and assessing the advantages and disadvantages of various delivery strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Szwed-Georgiou
- Department
of Immunology and Infectious Biology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental
Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz 90-136, Poland
| | - Przemysław Płociński
- Department
of Immunology and Infectious Biology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental
Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz 90-136, Poland
| | - Barbara Kupikowska-Stobba
- Biomaterials
Research Group, Lukasiewicz Research Network
- Institute of Ceramics and Building Materials, Krakow 31-983, Poland
| | - Mateusz M. Urbaniak
- Department
of Immunology and Infectious Biology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental
Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz 90-136, Poland
- The
Bio-Med-Chem Doctoral School, University of Lodz and Lodz Institutes
of the Polish Academy of Sciences, University
of Lodz, Lodz 90-237, Poland
| | - Paulina Rusek-Wala
- Department
of Immunology and Infectious Biology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental
Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz 90-136, Poland
- The
Bio-Med-Chem Doctoral School, University of Lodz and Lodz Institutes
of the Polish Academy of Sciences, University
of Lodz, Lodz 90-237, Poland
| | - Konrad Szustakiewicz
- Department
of Polymer Engineering and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Technology, Wroclaw 50-370, Poland
| | - Paweł Piszko
- Department
of Polymer Engineering and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Technology, Wroclaw 50-370, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Krupa
- Department
of Immunology and Infectious Biology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental
Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz 90-136, Poland
| | - Monika Biernat
- Biomaterials
Research Group, Lukasiewicz Research Network
- Institute of Ceramics and Building Materials, Krakow 31-983, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Gazińska
- Department
of Polymer Engineering and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Technology, Wroclaw 50-370, Poland
| | - Mirosław Kasprzak
- Biomaterials
Research Group, Lukasiewicz Research Network
- Institute of Ceramics and Building Materials, Krakow 31-983, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Nawrotek
- Faculty
of Process and Environmental Engineering, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz 90-924, Poland
| | - Nuno Pereira Mira
- iBB-Institute
for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de
Lisboa, Lisboa 1049-001, Portugal
- Associate
Laboratory i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy at Instituto Superior
Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa 1049-001, Portugal
- Instituto
Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa 1049-001, Portugal
| | - Karolina Rudnicka
- Department
of Immunology and Infectious Biology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental
Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz 90-136, Poland
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3
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A New Osteogenic Membrane to Enhance Bone Healing: At the Crossroads between the Periosteum, the Induced Membrane, and the Diamond Concept. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:bioengineering10020143. [PMID: 36829637 PMCID: PMC9952848 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10020143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The lack of viability of massive bone allografts for critical-size bone defect treatment remains a challenge in orthopedic surgery. The literature has reviewed the advantages of a multi-combined treatment with the synergy of an osteoconductive extracellular matrix (ECM), osteogenic stem cells, and growth factors (GFs). Questions are still open about the need for ECM components, the influence of the decellularization process on the latter, the related potential loss of function, and the necessity of using pre-differentiated cells. In order to fill in this gap, a bone allograft surrounded by an osteogenic membrane made of a decellularized collagen matrix from human fascia lata and seeded with periosteal mesenchymal stem cells (PMSCs) was analyzed in terms of de-/recellularization, osteogenic properties, PMSC self-differentiation, and angiogenic potential. While the decellularization processes altered the ECM content differently, the main GF content was decreased in soft tissues but relatively increased in hard bone tissues. The spontaneous osteogenic differentiation was necessarily obtained through contact with a mineralized bone matrix. Trying to deepen the knowledge on the complex matrix-cell interplay could further propel these tissue engineering concepts and lead us to provide the biological elements that allow bone integration in vivo.
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Priddy LB, Krishnan L, Hettiaratchi MH, Karthikeyakannan S, Gupte N, Guldberg RE. Amniotic membrane attenuates heterotopic ossification following high-dose bone morphogenetic protein-2 treatment of segmental bone defects. J Orthop Res 2023; 41:130-140. [PMID: 35340049 PMCID: PMC9512937 DOI: 10.1002/jor.25324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Treatment of large bone defects with supraphysiological doses of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) has been associated with complications including heterotopic ossification (HO), inflammation, and pain, presumably due to poor spatiotemporal control of BMP-2. We have previously recapitulated extensive HO in our rat femoral segmental defect model by treatment with high-dose BMP-2 (30 μg). Using this model and BMP-2 dose, our objective was to evaluate the utility of a clinically available human amniotic membrane (AM) around the defect space for guided bone regeneration and reduction of HO. We hypothesized that AM surrounding collagen sponge would attenuate heterotopic ossification compared with collagen sponge alone. In vitro, AM retained more BMP-2 than a synthetic poly(ε-caprolactone) membrane through 21 days. In vivo, as hypothesized, the collagen + AM resulted in significantly less heterotopic ossification and correspondingly, lower total bone volume (BV), compared with collagen sponge alone. Although bone formation within the defect was delayed with AM around the defect, by 12 weeks, defect BVs were equivalent. Torsional stiffness was significantly reduced with AM but was equivalent to that of intact bone. Collagen + AM resulted in the formation of dense fibrous tissue and mineralized tissue, while the collagen group contained primarily mineralized tissue surrounded by marrow-like structures. Especially in conjunction with high doses of growth factor delivered via collagen sponge, these findings suggest AM may be effective as an overlay adjacent to bone healing sites to spatially direct bone regeneration and minimize heterotopic ossification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren B. Priddy
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering & Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, 315 Ferst Drive NW, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 313 Ferst Drive NW, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
- Current affiliation: Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Mississippi State University, 130 Creelman Street, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
| | - Laxminarayanan Krishnan
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering & Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, 315 Ferst Drive NW, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Marian H. Hettiaratchi
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering & Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, 315 Ferst Drive NW, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 313 Ferst Drive NW, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
- Current affiliation: Phil and Penny Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon, 6231 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA
| | - Sukhita Karthikeyakannan
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering & Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, 315 Ferst Drive NW, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 313 Ferst Drive NW, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Nikhil Gupte
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering & Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, 315 Ferst Drive NW, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 313 Ferst Drive NW, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Robert E. Guldberg
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering & Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, 315 Ferst Drive NW, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 801 Ferst Drive NW, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
- Current affiliation: Phil and Penny Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon, 6231 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA
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V. K. AD, Ray S, Arora U, Mitra S, Sionkowska A, Jaiswal AK. Dual drug delivery platforms for bone tissue engineering. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:969843. [PMID: 36172012 PMCID: PMC9511792 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.969843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The dual delivery platforms used in bone tissue engineering provide supplementary bioactive compounds that include distinct medicines and growth factors thereby aiding enhanced bone regeneration. The delivery of these compounds can be adjusted for a short or prolonged time based on the requirement by altering various parameters of the carrier platform. The platforms thus used are fabricated to mimic the niche of the bone microenvironment, either in the form of porous 3D structures, microspheres, or films. Thus, this review article focuses on the concept of dual drug delivery platform and its importance, classification of various platforms for dual drug delivery specific to bone tissue engineering, and finally highlights the foresight into the future direction of these techniques for better clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anupama Devi V. K.
- Tissue Engineering Group, Centre for Biomaterials, Cellular and Molecular Theranostics (CBCMT), Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, India
- School of Bio Sciences and Technology (SBST), Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, India
| | - Sarbajit Ray
- School of Bio Sciences and Technology (SBST), Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, India
| | - Udita Arora
- School of Bio Sciences and Technology (SBST), Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, India
| | - Sunrito Mitra
- School of Bio Sciences and Technology (SBST), Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, India
| | | | - Amit Kumar Jaiswal
- Tissue Engineering Group, Centre for Biomaterials, Cellular and Molecular Theranostics (CBCMT), Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, India
- *Correspondence: Amit Kumar Jaiswal,
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6
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The production and application of bacterial exopolysaccharides as biomaterials for bone regeneration. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 291:119550. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Vukomanovic M, Gazvoda L, Anicic N, Rubert M, Suvorov D, Müller R, Hofmann S. Multi-doped apatite: Strontium, magnesium, gallium and zinc ions synergistically affect osteogenic stimulation in human mesenchymal cells important for bone tissue engineering. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2022; 140:213051. [PMID: 35914326 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2022.213051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Functional calcium phosphate biomaterials can be designed as carriers of a balanced mixture of biologically relevant ions able to target critical processes in bone regeneration. They hold the potential to use mechanisms very similar to growth factors naturally produced during fracture healing, while circumventing some of their drawbacks. Here we present a novel phase of carbonated-apatite containing Mg2+, Sr2+, Zn2+ and Ga3+ ions (HApMgSrZnGa). While all dopants decrease the crystallinity, Ga3+ limits crystal growth and enables the formation of a nanosized apatite phase with enhanced specific surface area. Coexistence of the ions enhances degradability and controls solubility of low crystalline, distorted, multi-doped apatite structure, controlled by Ga3+ ions accumulated at the surface. Consequently, HApMgSrZnGa supports the viability of human mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) and induces their stimulation along the osteogenic lineage. In addition, the co-released ions has a synergistic antimicrobial effect, particularly within the HApMgSrZnGa-Au(arg) composite with Au(arg) as contact-based antimicrobial. The activity is stable up to two months in vitro. Osteogenic nature and antimicrobial activity, combined in a single biomaterial, are suggesting a well-balanced, multi-doped apatite design applicable as future option in bone regeneration and tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija Vukomanovic
- Advanced Materials Department, Jozef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Lea Gazvoda
- Advanced Materials Department, Jozef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Nemanja Anicic
- Advanced Materials Department, Jozef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Marina Rubert
- Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Danilo Suvorov
- Advanced Materials Department, Jozef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ralph Müller
- Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sandra Hofmann
- Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Orthopaedic Biomechanics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute of Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
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Peña Fernández M, Sasso SJ, McPhee S, Black C, Kanczler J, Tozzi G, Wolfram U. Nonlinear micro finite element models based on digital volume correlation measurements predict early microdamage in newly formed bone. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2022; 132:105303. [PMID: 35671669 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2022.105303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Bone regeneration in critical-sized defects is a clinical challenge, with biomaterials under constant development aiming at enhancing the natural bone healing process. The delivery of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) in appropriate carriers represents a promising strategy for bone defect treatment but optimisation of the spatial-temporal release is still needed for the regeneration of bone with biological, structural, and mechanical properties comparable to the native tissue. Nonlinear micro finite element (μFE) models can address some of these challenges by providing a tool able to predict the biomechanical strength and microdamage onset in newly formed bone when subjected to physiological or supraphysiological loads. Yet, these models need to be validated against experimental data. In this study, experimental local displacements in newly formed bone induced by osteoinductive biomaterials subjected to in situ X-ray computed tomography compression in the apparent elastic regime and measured using digital volume correlation (DVC) were used to validate μFE models. Displacement predictions from homogeneous linear μFE models were highly correlated to DVC-measured local displacements, while tissue heterogeneity capturing mineralisation differences showed negligible effects. Nonlinear μFE models improved the correlation and showed that tissue microdamage occurs at low apparent strains. Microdamage seemed to occur next to large cavities or in biomaterial-induced thin trabeculae, independent of the mineralisation. While localisation of plastic strain accumulation was similar, the amount of damage accumulated in these locations was slightly higher when including material heterogeneity. These results demonstrate the ability of the nonlinear μFE model to capture local microdamage in newly formed bone tissue and can be exploited to improve the current understanding of healing bone and mechanical competence. This will ultimately aid the development of BMPs delivery systems for bone defect treatment able to regenerate bone with optimal biological, mechanical, and structural properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Peña Fernández
- School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Institute of Mechanical, Process and Energy Engineering, Heriot-Watt University, EH14 4AS, UK.
| | - Sebastian J Sasso
- School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Institute of Mechanical, Process and Energy Engineering, Heriot-Watt University, EH14 4AS, UK
| | - Samuel McPhee
- School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Institute of Mechanical, Process and Energy Engineering, Heriot-Watt University, EH14 4AS, UK
| | - Cameron Black
- Bone & Joint Research Group, Centre for Human Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration, Human Development & Health, Institute of Development Sciences, University of Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Janos Kanczler
- Bone & Joint Research Group, Centre for Human Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration, Human Development & Health, Institute of Development Sciences, University of Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Gianluca Tozzi
- Zeiss Global Centre, School of Mechanical and Design Engineering, University of Portsmouth, PO1 3DJ, UK
| | - Uwe Wolfram
- School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Institute of Mechanical, Process and Energy Engineering, Heriot-Watt University, EH14 4AS, UK.
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Wani TU, Khan RS, Rather AH, Beigh MA, Sheikh FA. Local dual delivery therapeutic strategies: Using biomaterials for advanced bone tissue regeneration. J Control Release 2021; 339:143-155. [PMID: 34563589 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Bone development is a complex process involving a vast number of growth factors and chemical substances. These factors include transforming growth factor-beta, platelet-derived growth factor, insulin-like growth factor, and most importantly, the bone morphogenetic protein, which exhibits excellent therapeutic value in bone repair. However, the spatial-temporal relationship in the expression of these factors during bone formation makes the bone repair a more complicated process to address. Thus, using a single therapeutic agent to address bone formation does not seem to provide a clinically effective option. Conversely, a dual delivery approach facilitating the co-delivery of agents has proved to be a dynamic alternative since such a strategy can provide more efficient spatial-temporal action. Such delivery systems can smartly target more than one pathway or differentiation lineage and thus offer more efficient bone regeneration. This review discusses various dual delivery strategies reported in the literature employed to achieve improved bone regeneration. These include concurrent use of different therapeutic agents (including growth factors and drugs), enhancing bone formation and cell recruitment, and improving the efficiency of bone healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taha Umair Wani
- Department of Nanotechnology, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar 190006, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Rumysa Saleem Khan
- Department of Nanotechnology, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar 190006, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Anjum Hamid Rather
- Department of Nanotechnology, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar 190006, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Mushtaq A Beigh
- Department of Nanotechnology, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar 190006, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Faheem A Sheikh
- Department of Nanotechnology, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar 190006, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
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Strategies for inclusion of growth factors into 3D printed bone grafts. Essays Biochem 2021; 65:569-585. [PMID: 34156062 DOI: 10.1042/ebc20200130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
There remains a critical need to develop new technologies and materials that can meet the demands of treating large bone defects. The advancement of 3-dimensional (3D) printing technologies has allowed the creation of personalized and customized bone grafts, with specific control in both macro- and micro-architecture, and desired mechanical properties. Nevertheless, the biomaterials used for the production of these bone grafts often possess poor biological properties. The incorporation of growth factors (GFs), which are the natural orchestrators of the physiological healing process, into 3D printed bone grafts, represents a promising strategy to achieve the bioactivity required to enhance bone regeneration. In this review, the possible strategies used to incorporate GFs to 3D printed constructs are presented with a specific focus on bone regeneration. In particular, the strengths and limitations of different methods, such as physical and chemical cross-linking, which are currently used to incorporate GFs to the engineered constructs are critically reviewed. Different strategies used to present one or more GFs to achieve simultaneous angiogenesis and vasculogenesis for enhanced bone regeneration are also covered in this review. In addition, the possibility of combining several manufacturing approaches to fabricate hybrid constructs, which better mimic the complexity of biological niches, is presented. Finally, the clinical relevance of these approaches and the future steps that should be taken are discussed.
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Ganguly K, Dutta SD, Jeong MS, Patel DK, Cho SJ, Lim KT. Naturally-derived protein extract from Gryllus bimaculatus improves antioxidant properties and promotes osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0249291. [PMID: 34077422 PMCID: PMC8172014 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0249291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Naturally-derived proteins or peptides are promising biopolymers for tissue engineering applications owing to their health-promoting activity. Herein, we extracted proteins (~90%) from two-spotted cricket (Gryllus bimaculatus) and evaluated their osteoinductive potential in human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) under in vitro conditions. The extracted protein isolate was analyzed for the amino acid composition and the mass distribution of the constituent peptide fraction. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was used to determine the presence of biologically significant functional groups. The cricket protein isolate (CPI) exhibited characteristic protein peaks in the FTIR spectrum. Notably, an enhanced cell viability was observed in the presence of the extracted proteins, showing their biocompatibility. The CPI also exhibited antioxidant properties in a concentration-dependent manner. More significant mineralization was observed in the CPI-treated cells than in the control, suggesting their osteoinductive potential. The upregulation of the osteogenic marker genes (Runx2, ALP, OCN, and BSP) in CPI treated media compared with the control supports their osteoinductive nature. Therefore, cricket-derived protein isolates could be used as functional protein isolate for tissue engineering applications, especially for bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keya Ganguly
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Institute of Forest Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sayan Deb Dutta
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Institute of Forest Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Soo Jeong
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dinesh K. Patel
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Institute of Forest Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Jun Cho
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail: (S-JC); (K-TL)
| | - Ki-Taek Lim
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Institute of Forest Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail: (S-JC); (K-TL)
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12
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Van Lieshout EMM, Den Hartog D. Effect of platelet-rich plasma on fracture healing. Injury 2021; 52 Suppl 2:S58-S66. [PMID: 33431160 DOI: 10.1016/j.injury.2020.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Bone has the ability to completely regenerate under normal healing conditions. Although fractures generally heal uneventfully, healing problems such as delayed union or nonunion still occur in approximately 10% of patients. Optimal healing potential involves an interplay of biomechanical and biological factors. Orthopedic implants are commonly used for providing the necessary biomechanical support. In situations where the biological factors that are needed for fracture healing are deemed inadequate, additional biological enhancement is needed. With platelets being packed with granules that contain growth factors and other proteins that have osteoinductive capacity, local application of platelet concentrates, also called platelet-rich plasma (PRP) seems an attractive biological to enhance fracture healing. This review shows an overview of the use PRP and its effect in enhancing fracture healing. PRP is extracted from the patient's own blood, supporting that its use is considered safe. Although PRP showed effective in some studies, other studies showed controversial results. Conflicts in the literature may be explained by the absence of consensus about the preparation of PRP, differences in platelet counts, low number of patients, and absence of a standard application technique. More studies addressing these issues are needed in order to determine the true effect of PRP on fracture healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther M M Van Lieshout
- Trauma Research Unit Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Dennis Den Hartog
- Trauma Research Unit Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Seims KB, Hunt NK, Chow LW. Strategies to Control or Mimic Growth Factor Activity for Bone, Cartilage, and Osteochondral Tissue Engineering. Bioconjug Chem 2021; 32:861-878. [PMID: 33856777 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.1c00090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Growth factors play a critical role in tissue repair and regeneration. However, their clinical success is limited by their low stability, short half-life, and rapid diffusion from the delivery site. Supraphysiological growth factor concentrations are often required to demonstrate efficacy but can lead to adverse reactions, such as inflammatory complications and increased cancer risk. These issues have motivated the development of delivery systems that enable sustained release and controlled presentation of growth factors. This review specifically focuses on bioconjugation strategies to enhance growth factor activity for bone, cartilage, and osteochondral applications. We describe approaches to localize growth factors using noncovalent and covalent methods, bind growth factors via peptides, and mimic growth factor function with mimetic peptide sequences. We also discuss emerging and future directions to control spatiotemporal growth factor delivery to improve functional tissue repair and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly B Seims
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
| | - Natasha K Hunt
- Department of Bioengineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
| | - Lesley W Chow
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
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Safety and Efficacy Results of BonoFill First-in-Human, Phase I/IIa Clinical Trial for the Maxillofacial Indication of Sinus Augmentation and Mandibular Bone Void Filling. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2020; 79:787-798.e2. [PMID: 33434518 DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2020.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The gold standard for bone regeneration of bone deficiencies is still an autologous bone graft, which has considerable disadvantages; namely, the need for a second major surgery and the limited volume of bone available for harvesting. BonoFill (BF) is a novel, tissue-engineered, bone graft with intrinsic osteoinductive, osteoconductive, and osteogenic properties, consisting of the patient's own adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells, attached to hydroxyapatite particles. Here, we present the safety and efficacy results of BF first-in-human clinical study for maxillofacial bone tissue regeneration. MATERIALS AND METHODS Eleven eligible male and female subjects, aged 49-65 years, were enrolled into the clinical study in 2 clinical indications: Bone augmentation and bone void grafting in the jaws. Clinical follow-up was performed throughout a period of 6 months after BF treatment and included clinical examination, blood tests, CT scans, and biopsies collected from the transplantation site to assess chronic bone infection, changes in complete blood count, and adequate bone augmentation for implant placement. RESULTS The study results demonstrated that BF promoted adequate bone tissue regeneration without complications. Per our evaluation, there were no incidents of chronic bone infection, or significant changes in complete blood count, and the patients reported overall good health for the duration of the study. At trial end, in the sinus augmentation indication, the BF treated sites residual bone was augmented at an average of 6.36 mm (Δ new bone, n = 10) and the total bone height at the treated area was on average 11.44 mm (n = 10). In the indication of filling of bone voids, the patient's average residual bone height of 2.91 mm was 15.76 mm (n = 1) at trial end. CONCLUSIONS BF treatment was shown to be safe and resulted in newly generated bone, which provided adequate bone height for placement of dental implants. Thus, BF is a promising novel autologous bone graft for bone tissue repair.
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Zhang Y, Yu T, Peng L, Sun Q, Wei Y, Han B. Advancements in Hydrogel-Based Drug Sustained Release Systems for Bone Tissue Engineering. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:622. [PMID: 32435200 PMCID: PMC7218105 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone defects caused by injury, disease, or congenital deformity remain a major health concern, and efficiently regenerating bone is a prominent clinical demand worldwide. However, bone regeneration is an intricate process that requires concerted participation of both cells and bioactive factors. Mimicking physiological bone healing procedures, the sustained release of bioactive molecules plays a vital role in creating an optimal osteogenic microenvironment and achieving promising bone repair outcomes. The utilization of biomaterial scaffolds can positively affect the osteogenesis process by integrating cells with bioactive factors in a proper way. A high water content, tunable physio-mechanical properties, and diverse synthetic strategies make hydrogels ideal cell carriers and controlled drug release reservoirs. Herein, we reviewed the current advancements in hydrogel-based drug sustained release systems that have delivered osteogenesis-inducing peptides, nucleic acids, and other bioactive molecules in bone tissue engineering (BTE).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfan Zhang
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Tingting Yu
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Liying Peng
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Qiannan Sun
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Wei
- Department of Geriatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Bing Han
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, China
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García-García P, Reyes R, Pérez-Herrero E, Arnau MR, Évora C, Delgado A. Alginate-hydrogel versus alginate-solid system. Efficacy in bone regeneration in osteoporosis. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 115:111009. [PMID: 32600680 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.111009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, two different PLGA-Alginate scaffolds, a hydrogel (HY) and a solid sponge (SS), were developed for β-estradiol and BMP-2 sustained delivery for bone regeneration in osteoporosis. β-Estradiol and BMP-2 were encapsulated in PLGA and PLGA-Alginate microspheres respectively. Scaffolds were characterized in vitro in terms of porosity, water uptake, release rate and HY rheological properties. BMP-2 release profiles were also analysed in vivo. The bone regeneration induced by both HY and SS was evaluated using a critical-sized bone defect in an osteoporotic (OP) rat model. Compared to HY, SS presented 30% higher porosity, more than double water absorption capacity and almost negligible mass loss compared to the 40% of HY. Both systems were flexible and fit well the defect shape, however, HY has the advantage of being injectable. Despite both delivery systems had similar composition and release profile, bone repair was around 30% higher with SS than with HY, possibly due to its longer residence time at the defect site. The incorporation of mesenchymal stem cells obtained from OP rats did not result in any improvement or synergistic effect on bone repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia García-García
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology, Universidad de La Laguna, 38200 La Laguna, Spain
| | - Ricardo Reyes
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, Cell Biology and Genetics, Universidad de La Laguna, 38200 La Laguna, Spain; Institute of Biomedical Technologies (ITB), Center for Biomedical Research of the Canary Islands (CIBICAN), Universidad de La Laguna, 38200 La Laguna, Spain
| | - Edgar Pérez-Herrero
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology, Universidad de La Laguna, 38200 La Laguna, Spain; Institute of Biomedical Technologies (ITB), Center for Biomedical Research of the Canary Islands (CIBICAN), Universidad de La Laguna, 38200 La Laguna, Spain
| | - María Rosa Arnau
- Servicio de Estabulario, Universidad de La Laguna, 38200 La Laguna, Spain; Institute of Biomedical Technologies (ITB), Center for Biomedical Research of the Canary Islands (CIBICAN), Universidad de La Laguna, 38200 La Laguna, Spain
| | - Carmen Évora
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology, Universidad de La Laguna, 38200 La Laguna, Spain; Institute of Biomedical Technologies (ITB), Center for Biomedical Research of the Canary Islands (CIBICAN), Universidad de La Laguna, 38200 La Laguna, Spain.
| | - Araceli Delgado
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology, Universidad de La Laguna, 38200 La Laguna, Spain; Institute of Biomedical Technologies (ITB), Center for Biomedical Research of the Canary Islands (CIBICAN), Universidad de La Laguna, 38200 La Laguna, Spain.
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Rothe R, Schulze S, Neuber C, Hauser S, Rammelt S, Pietzsch J. Adjuvant drug-assisted bone healing: Part III - Further strategies for local and systemic modulation. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 2020; 73:439-488. [PMID: 31177207 DOI: 10.3233/ch-199104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In this third in a series of reviews on adjuvant drug-assisted bone healing, further approaches aiming at influencing the healing process are discussed. Local and systemic modulation of bone metabolism is pursued with use of a number of drugs with completely different indications, which are characterized by a pleiotropic spectrum of action. These include drugs used to treat lipid disorders (HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors), hypertension (ACE inhibitors), osteoporosis (bisphosphonates), cancer (proteasome inhibitors) and others. Potential applications to enhance bone healing are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Rothe
- Department of Radiopharmaceutical and Chemical Biology, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sabine Schulze
- University Center of Orthopaedics and Traumatology (OUC), University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany.,Center for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus and Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Christin Neuber
- Department of Radiopharmaceutical and Chemical Biology, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sandra Hauser
- Department of Radiopharmaceutical and Chemical Biology, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Dresden, Germany
| | - Stefan Rammelt
- University Center of Orthopaedics and Traumatology (OUC), University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany.,Center for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus and Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Tatzberg 4, Dresden
| | - Jens Pietzsch
- Department of Radiopharmaceutical and Chemical Biology, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Dresden, Germany.,Technische Universität Dresden, School of Science, Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Dresden, Germany
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Li S, Wang J, Ye M, Li X, Chen N, Li X, Liu Y, Hou X, Zhao J, Cui Z, Yuan X. Matricryptic peptide-inspired hydrogels for promoting osteogenic differentiation. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2018.1452222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sidi Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianwei Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mingming Ye
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xue Li
- School of laboratory medicine, Tianjin Medicine University, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ning Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xueping Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yunde Liu
- School of laboratory medicine, Tianjin Medicine University, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Hou
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jin Zhao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhenduo Cui
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xubo Yuan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
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Xia YJ, Wei W, Xia H, Ying QS, Yu X, Li LH, Wang JH, Zhang Y. Effect of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein delivered by chitosan microspheres on ectopic osteogenesis in rats. Exp Ther Med 2019; 17:3891-3898. [PMID: 30988773 PMCID: PMC6447930 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.7406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, the effect of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) delivered by chitosan (CS) microspheres on ectopic osteogenesis was investigated in a rat model. rhBMP-2-loaded CS microspheres and blank CS microspheres were prepared. A total of 24 male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into 4 groups with 6 rats in each group: The CS/rhBMP-2 group, the rhBMP-2 group, in which rhBMP-2 was directly implanted (rhBMP-2 dose in either group, 1 mg), the CS blank group and the control group. X-ray was performed at 4 weeks after ectopic osteogenesis surgery and micro-computed tomography (CT) examination was scheduled at 1, 2, 3 and 4 weeks after the surgery to determine ectopic osteogenesis in the different groups. Histological analysis, and determination of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and calcium content were also performed. The mean diameter of the osteoid tissues was 1.1±0.3 cm (range, 0.8-1.4 cm) in the CS/rhBMP-2 group, which was significantly bigger than that in the rhBMP-2 group (0.3±0.1 cm; range, 0.1-0.4 cm) at 4 weeks after the surgery. X-ray analysis and micro-CT scan indicated that the area of high-density tissues and the radionuclide intensity, as well as bone volume in the 3-dimensional reconstruction were greatest in the CS/rhBMP-2 group, followed by those in the rhBMP-2 group. All parameters, including bone mineral density, tissue mineral density, tissue mineral content and bone volume fraction, were significantly higher in the CS/rhBMP-2 group at 3 and 4 weeks after the surgery, compared with those in the rhBMP-2 group. The histological analysis, ALP activity analysis and determination of calcium content revealed that the CS/rhBMP-2 system had the greatest ability to induce osteoblast differentiation. In conclusion, the CS/rhBMP-2 microsphere delivery system significantly enhanced the induction and promotion effects of rhBMP-2 regarding ectopic osteogenesis. The present study enhances the basic data available for future application of the CS/rhBMP-2 microspheres delivery system and provides a deeper understanding of the role of BMP-2 in bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Jun Xia
- Department of Trauma Orthopedics, Hospital of Osteopathics, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command, People's Liberation Army, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510010, P.R. China
| | - Wang Wei
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Hong Xia
- Department of Trauma Orthopedics, Hospital of Osteopathics, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command, People's Liberation Army, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510010, P.R. China
| | - Qing-Shui Ying
- Department of Trauma Orthopedics, Hospital of Osteopathics, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command, People's Liberation Army, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510010, P.R. China
| | - Xiang Yu
- Department of Trauma Orthopedics, Hospital of Osteopathics, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command, People's Liberation Army, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510010, P.R. China
| | - Li-Hua Li
- Department of Trauma Orthopedics, Hospital of Osteopathics, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command, People's Liberation Army, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510010, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Hua Wang
- Department of Trauma Orthopedics, Hospital of Osteopathics, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command, People's Liberation Army, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510010, P.R. China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Trauma Orthopedics, Hospital of Osteopathics, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command, People's Liberation Army, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510010, P.R. China
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20
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Nune KC, Misra RDK, Bai Y, Li S, Yang R. Interplay of topographical and biochemical cues in regulating osteoblast cellular activity in BMP-2 eluting three-dimensional cellular titanium alloy mesh structures. J Biomed Mater Res A 2018; 107:49-60. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Krishna Chaitanya Nune
- Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering Research Laboratory, Department of Metallurgical, Materials, and Biomedical Engineering; The University of Texas at El Paso; 500 W. University Avenue, El Paso, Texas, 79968
| | - R. Devesh Kumar Misra
- Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering Research Laboratory, Department of Metallurgical, Materials, and Biomedical Engineering; The University of Texas at El Paso; 500 W. University Avenue, El Paso, Texas, 79968
| | - Yun Bai
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science; Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences; 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016 China
| | - Shujun Li
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science; Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences; 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016 China
| | - Rui Yang
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science; Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences; 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016 China
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21
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Klinische Anwendung von Platelet-rich plasma und Wachstumsfaktoren am Bewegungsapparat. DER ORTHOPADE 2018; 48:105-116. [DOI: 10.1007/s00132-018-3643-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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22
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De Mori A, Peña Fernández M, Blunn G, Tozzi G, Roldo M. 3D Printing and Electrospinning of Composite Hydrogels for Cartilage and Bone Tissue Engineering. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:E285. [PMID: 30966320 PMCID: PMC6414880 DOI: 10.3390/polym10030285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Injuries of bone and cartilage constitute important health issues costing the National Health Service billions of pounds annually, in the UK only. Moreover, these damages can become cause of disability and loss of function for the patients with associated social costs and diminished quality of life. The biomechanical properties of these two tissues are massively different from each other and they are not uniform within the same tissue due to the specific anatomic location and function. In this perspective, tissue engineering (TE) has emerged as a promising approach to address the complexities associated with bone and cartilage regeneration. Tissue engineering aims at developing temporary three-dimensional multicomponent constructs to promote the natural healing process. Biomaterials, such as hydrogels, are currently extensively studied for their ability to reproduce both the ideal 3D extracellular environment for tissue growth and to have adequate mechanical properties for load bearing. This review will focus on the use of two manufacturing techniques, namely electrospinning and 3D printing, that present promise in the fabrication of complex composite gels for cartilage and bone tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna De Mori
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 2DT, UK.
| | - Marta Peña Fernández
- Zeiss Global Centre, School of Engineering, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 3DJ, UK.
| | - Gordon Blunn
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 2DT, UK.
| | - Gianluca Tozzi
- Zeiss Global Centre, School of Engineering, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 3DJ, UK.
| | - Marta Roldo
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 2DT, UK.
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Raina DB, Larsson D, Mrkonjic F, Isaksson H, Kumar A, Lidgren L, Tägil M. Gelatin- hydroxyapatite- calcium sulphate based biomaterial for long term sustained delivery of bone morphogenic protein-2 and zoledronic acid for increased bone formation: In-vitro and in-vivo carrier properties. J Control Release 2018; 272:83-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2018.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2017] [Revised: 12/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Wang W, Yeung KWK. Bone grafts and biomaterials substitutes for bone defect repair: A review. Bioact Mater 2017; 2:224-247. [PMID: 29744432 PMCID: PMC5935655 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2017.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 878] [Impact Index Per Article: 125.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Revised: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone grafts have been predominated used to treat bone defects, delayed union or non-union, and spinal fusion in orthopaedic clinically for a period of time, despite the emergency of synthetic bone graft substitutes. Nevertheless, the integration of allogeneic grafts and synthetic substitutes with host bone was found jeopardized in long-term follow-up studies. Hence, the enhancement of osteointegration of these grafts and substitutes with host bone is considerably important. To address this problem, addition of various growth factors, such as bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), parathyroid hormone (PTH) and platelet rich plasma (PRP), into structural allografts and synthetic substitutes have been considered. Although clinical applications of these factors have exhibited good bone formation, their further application was limited due to high cost and potential adverse side effects. Alternatively, bioinorganic ions such as magnesium, strontium and zinc are considered as alternative of osteogenic biological factors. Hence, this paper aims to review the currently available bone grafts and bone substitutes as well as the biological and bio-inorganic factors for the treatments of bone defect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhao Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Innovative Technology in Orthopaedic Trauma, The University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Hospital, 1 Haiyuan 1st Road, Futian District, Shenzhen, China
| | - Kelvin W K Yeung
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Innovative Technology in Orthopaedic Trauma, The University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Hospital, 1 Haiyuan 1st Road, Futian District, Shenzhen, China
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Samuel G, Menon J, Thimmaiah S, Behera G. Role of isolated percutaneous autologous platelet concentrate in delayed union of long bones. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDIC SURGERY AND TRAUMATOLOGY 2017; 28:985-990. [PMID: 29167980 DOI: 10.1007/s00590-017-2077-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The objective of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of percutaneous platelet concentrate (PC) injection in increasing the chances of attaining union in delayed union of long bones and to know whether the time taken for union decreases with use of PC. METHODS Forty delayed unions (15-30 weeks old) were randomized into a study group in which autologous PC prepared by blood bank centrifuge was percutaneously injected at the fracture site under image intensifier after activation with 10% calcium gluconate and a control group where patients were observed over time. Follow-up was every 6 weeks till fracture union. At each follow-up visit clinical and radiological parameters of union were assessed. RESULTS Percentage union was 78% (18/23) in PC group and 59% (10/17) in control group, respectively (p = 0.296). The mean time to fracture union treated with PC (15.33 ± 9.91 weeks) was not different from the control group (13.10 ± 7.21 weeks; p = 0.540). In the PC group union is seen in 12 weeks after PC injection in 60 per cent of the cases. CONCLUSION Isolated percutaneous PC injection increases union rates in delayed union of long bones. The results were, however, not statistically significant but show high positive association. Further studies are required to recommend routine use of PC injection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gipson Samuel
- Department of Orthopaedics, Pondicherry Institute of Medical Sciences (PIMS), PIMS Staff Quarters, PIMS Campus, Kalapet, Pondicherry, Puducherry, 605014, India
| | - Jagdish Menon
- Department of Orthopaedics, Jawaharlal Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education, Pondicherry, Puducherry, 605006, India
| | | | - Gayadhar Behera
- Department of Orthopaedics, Pondicherry Institute of Medical Sciences (PIMS), PIMS Staff Quarters, PIMS Campus, Kalapet, Pondicherry, Puducherry, 605014, India.
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Schwarz E. Cystine knot growth factors and their functionally versatile proregions. Biol Chem 2017; 398:1295-1308. [PMID: 28771427 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2017-0163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The cystine knot disulfide pattern has been found to be widespread in nature, since it has been detected in proteins from plants, marine snails, spiders and mammals. Cystine knot proteins are secreted proteins. Their functions range from defense mechanisms as toxins, e.g. ion channel or enzyme inhibitors, to hormones, blood factors and growth factors. Cystine knot proteins can be divided into two superordinate groups. (i) The cystine knot peptides, also referred to - with other non-cystine knot proteins - as knottins, with linear and cyclic polypeptide chains. (ii) The cystine knot growth factor family, which is in the focus of this article. The disulfide ring structure of the cystine knot peptides is made up by the half-cystines 1-4 and 2-5, and the threading disulfide bond is formed by the half-cystines, 3-6. In the growth factor group, the disulfides of half-cystines 1 and 4 pass the ring structure formed by the half-cystines 2-5 and 3-6. In this review, special emphasis will be devoted to the growth factor cystine knot proteins and their proregions. The latter have shifted into the focus of scientific interest as their important biological roles are just to be unravelled.
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Boukari Y, Qutachi O, Scurr DJ, Morris AP, Doughty SW, Billa N. A dual-application poly (dl-lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA)-chitosan composite scaffold for potential use in bone tissue engineering. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2017; 28:1966-1983. [PMID: 28777694 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2017.1364100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The development of patient-friendly alternatives to bone-graft procedures is the driving force for new frontiers in bone tissue engineering. Poly (dl-lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) and chitosan are well-studied and easy-to-process polymers from which scaffolds can be fabricated. In this study, a novel dual-application scaffold system was formulated from porous PLGA and protein-loaded PLGA/chitosan microspheres. Physicochemical and in vitro protein release attributes were established. The therapeutic relevance, cytocompatibility with primary human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) and osteogenic properties were tested. There was a significant reduction in burst release from the composite PLGA/chitosan microspheres compared with PLGA alone. Scaffolds sintered from porous microspheres at 37 °C were significantly stronger than the PLGA control, with compressive strengths of 0.846 ± 0.272 MPa and 0.406 ± 0.265 MPa, respectively (p < 0.05). The formulation also sintered at 37 °C following injection through a needle, demonstrating its injectable potential. The scaffolds demonstrated cytocompatibility, with increased cell numbers observed over an 8-day study period. Von Kossa and immunostaining of the hMSC-scaffolds confirmed their osteogenic potential with the ability to sinter at 37 °C in situ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yamina Boukari
- a School of Pharmacy , The University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus , Semenyih , Malaysia
| | - Omar Qutachi
- b School of Pharmacy , The University of Nottingham, Park Campus , Nottingham , UK
| | - David J Scurr
- b School of Pharmacy , The University of Nottingham, Park Campus , Nottingham , UK
| | - Andrew P Morris
- a School of Pharmacy , The University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus , Semenyih , Malaysia
| | | | - Nashiru Billa
- a School of Pharmacy , The University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus , Semenyih , Malaysia
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Krishnakumar GS, Roffi A, Reale D, Kon E, Filardo G. Clinical application of bone morphogenetic proteins for bone healing: a systematic review. INTERNATIONAL ORTHOPAEDICS 2017; 41:1073-1083. [PMID: 28424852 DOI: 10.1007/s00264-017-3471-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This paper documents the existing evidence on bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) use for the treatment of bone fractures, non-union, and osteonecrosis, through a review of the clinical literature, underlying potential and limitations in terms of cost effectiveness and risk of complications. METHODS A systematic review was performed on the PubMed database using the following string: (bone morphogenetic proteins OR BMPs) and (bone repair OR bone regeneration) including papers from 2000 to 2016. The search focused on clinical trials dealing with BMPs application to favor bone regeneration in bone fractures, non-union, and osteonecrosis, in English language, with level of evidence I, II, III, and IV. Relevant data (type of study, number of patients, BMPs delivery material, dose, site, follow-up, outcome, and adverse events) were extracted and analyzed. RESULTS Forty-four articles met the inclusion criteria: 10 randomized controlled trials (RCTs), 7 comparative studies, 18 case series, and 9 case reports. rhBMP-2 was documented mainly for the treatment of fractures, and rhBMP-7 mainly for non-unions and osteonecrosis. Mixed results were found among RCTs and comparative papers: 11 reported positive results for BMPs augmentation, 3 obtained no significant effects, and 2 showed negative results. The only study comparing the two BMPs showed a better outcome with rhBMP-2 for non-union treatment. CONCLUSION Clinical evidence on BMPs use for the treatment of fractures, non-union, and osteonecrosis is still controversial, with the few available reports being mainly of low quality. While positive findings have been described in many studies, mixed results are still present in the literature in terms of efficacy and adverse events. The difficulties in drawing clear conclusions are also due to the studies heterogeneity, mainly in terms of different BMPs applied, with different concomitant treatments for each bone pathology. Therefore, further research with well-designed studies is needed in order to understand the real potential of this biological approach to favour bone healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gopal Shankar Krishnakumar
- Nano-Biotechnology Laboratory, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alice Roffi
- Nano-Biotechnology Laboratory, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Davide Reale
- I Orthopaedic and Traumatologic Clinic, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Via Pupilli 1, 40136, Bologna, Italy
| | - Elizaveta Kon
- Knee Joint Reconstruction Center - 3rd Orthopaedic Division, Humanitas Clinical Institute, Via Alessandro Manzoni 56, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Filardo
- Nano-Biotechnology Laboratory, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136, Bologna, Italy
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Schussler SD, Uske K, Marwah P, Kemp FW, Bogden JD, Lin SS, Livingston Arinzeh T. Controlled Release of Vanadium from a Composite Scaffold Stimulates Mesenchymal Stem Cell Osteochondrogenesis. AAPS JOURNAL 2017; 19:1017-1028. [PMID: 28332167 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-017-0073-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Large bone defects often require the use of autograft, allograft, or synthetic bone graft augmentation; however, these treatments can result in delayed osseous integration. A tissue engineering strategy would be the use of a scaffold that could promote the normal fracture healing process of endochondral ossification, where an intermediate cartilage phase is later transformed to bone. This study investigated vanadyl acetylacetonate (VAC), an insulin mimetic, combined with a fibrous composite scaffold, consisting of polycaprolactone with nanoparticles of hydroxyapatite and beta-tricalcium phosphate, as a potential bone tissue engineering scaffold. The differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) was evaluated on 0.05 and 0.025 wt% VAC containing composite scaffolds (VAC composites) in vitro using three different induction media: osteogenic (OS), chondrogenic (CCM), and chondrogenic/osteogenic (C/O) media, which mimics endochondral ossification. The controlled release of VAC was achieved over 28 days for the VAC composites, where approximately 30% of the VAC was released over this period. MSCs cultured on the VAC composites in C/O media had increased alkaline phosphatase activity, osteocalcin production, and collagen synthesis over the composite scaffold without VAC. In addition, gene expressions for chondrogenesis (Sox9) and hypertrophic markers (VEGF, MMP-13, and collagen X) were the highest on VAC composites. Almost a 1000-fold increase in VEGF gene expression and VEGF formation, as indicated by immunostaining, was achieved for cells cultured on VAC composites in C/O media, suggesting VAC will promote angiogenesis in vivo. These results demonstrate the potential of VAC composite scaffolds in supporting endochondral ossification as a bone tissue engineering strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- S D Schussler
- Department of Chemical, Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey, 07102, USA
| | - K Uske
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, University Heights, Newark, New Jersey, 07102, USA
| | - P Marwah
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, University Heights, Newark, New Jersey, 07102, USA
| | - F W Kemp
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Community Health, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey, 07103, USA
| | - J D Bogden
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Community Health, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey, 07103, USA
| | - S S Lin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey, 07103, USA
| | - Treena Livingston Arinzeh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, University Heights, Newark, New Jersey, 07102, USA.
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Krishnan L, Priddy LB, Esancy C, Klosterhoff BS, Stevens HY, Tran L, Guldberg RE. Delivery vehicle effects on bone regeneration and heterotopic ossification induced by high dose BMP-2. Acta Biomater 2017; 49:101-112. [PMID: 27940197 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2016.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Revised: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2), delivered on absorbable collagen sponge, is frequently used to treat bone defects. However, supraphysiological BMP-2 doses are common and often associated with complications such as heterotopic ossification and inflammation, causing pain and impaired mobility. This has prompted investigations into strategies to spatially control bone regeneration, for example growth factor delivery in appropriate scaffolds. Our objective was to investigate the spatiotemporal effects of high dose BMP-2 on bone regeneration as a function of the delivery vehicle. We hypothesized that an alginate delivery system would spatially restrict bone formation compared to a collagen sponge delivery system. In vitro, BMP-2 release was accelerated from collagen sponge compared to alginate constructs. In vivo, bone regeneration was evaluated over 12weeks in critically sized rat femoral segmental defects treated with 30μg rhBMP-2 in alginate hydrogel or collagen sponge, surrounded by perforated nanofiber meshes. Total bone volume, calculated from micro-CT reconstructions, was higher in the alginate group at 12weeks. Though bone volume within the central defect region was greater in the alginate group at 8 and 12weeks, heterotopic bone volume was similar between groups. Likewise, mechanical properties from ex vivo torsional testing were comparable between groups. Histology corroborated these findings and revealed heterotopic mineralization at 2weeks post-surgery in both groups. Overall, this study recapitulated the heterotopic ossification associated with high dose BMP-2 delivery, and demonstrated that the amount and spatial pattern of bone formation was dependent on the delivery matrix. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Alginate hydrogel-based BMP-2 delivery has induced better spatiotemporal bone regeneration in animals, compared to clinically used collagen sponge, at lower BMP-2 doses. Lack of clear dose-response relationships for BMP-2 vis-à-vis bone regeneration has contributed to the use of higher doses clinically. We investigated the potential of the alginate system, with comparatively favorable BMP-2 release-kinetics, to reduce heterotopic ossification and promote bone regeneration, when used with a high BMP-2 dose. While defect mineralization improved with alginate hydrogel, the initial high-release phase and likely early tissue exposure to BMP-2 appeared sufficient to induce heterotopic ossification. The characterization presented here should provide the framework for future evaluations of strategies to optimize bone formation and minimize adverse effects of high dose BMP-2 therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laxminarayanan Krishnan
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering & Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, 315 Ferst Drive NW, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Lauren B Priddy
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering & Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, 315 Ferst Drive NW, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA; Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 313 Ferst Drive NW, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Camden Esancy
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering & Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, 315 Ferst Drive NW, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Brett S Klosterhoff
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering & Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, 315 Ferst Drive NW, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA; George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 801 Ferst Drive NW, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Hazel Y Stevens
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 801 Ferst Drive NW, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Lisa Tran
- Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Robert E Guldberg
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering & Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, 315 Ferst Drive NW, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA; George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 801 Ferst Drive NW, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA.
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Sun H, Wang J, Deng F, Liu Y, Zhuang X, Xu J, Li L. Co‑delivery and controlled release of stromal cell‑derived factor‑1α chemically conjugated on collagen scaffolds enhances bone morphogenetic protein‑2‑driven osteogenesis in rats. Mol Med Rep 2016; 14:737-45. [PMID: 27220358 PMCID: PMC4918613 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
There has been considerable focus in investigations on the delivery systems and clinical applications of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) for novel bone formation. However, current delivery systems require high levels of BMP-2 to exert a biological function. There are several concerns in using of high levels of BMP-2, including safety and the high cost of treatment. Therefore, the development of strategies to decrease the levels of BMP-2 required in these delivery systems is required. In our previous studies, a controlled-release system was developed, which used Traut's reagent and the cross-linker, 4-(N-maleimi-domethyl) cyclohexane-1-carboxylic acid 3-sulfo-N-hydroxysuccinimide ester sodium salt (Sulfo-SMCC), to chemically conjugate BMP-2 directly on collagen discs. In the current study, retention efficiency and release kinetics of stromal cell-derived factor-1α (SDF-1α) cross-linked on collagen scaffolds were detected. In addition, the osteogenic activity of SDF-1α and suboptimal doses of BMP-2 cross-linked on collagen discs following subcutaneous implantation in rats were evaluated. Independent two-tailed t-tests and one-way analysis of variance were used for analysis. In the present study, the controlled release of SDF-1α chemically conjugated on collagen scaffolds was demonstrated. By optimizing the concentrations of Traut's reagent and the Sulfo-SMCC cross-linker, a significantly higher level of SDF-1α was covalently retained on the collagen scaffold, compared with that retained using a physical adsorption method. Mesenchymal stem cell homing indicated that the biological function of the SDF-1α cross-linked on the collagen scaffolds remained intact. In rats, co-treatment with SDF-1α and a suboptimal dose of BMP-2 cross-linked on collagen scaffolds using this chemically conjugated method induced higher levels of ectopic bone formation, compared with the physical adsorption method. No ectopic bone formation was observed following treatment with a suboptimal dose of BMP-2 alone. Therefore, the co-delivery of SDF-1α and a suboptimal dose of BMP-2 chemically conjugated on collagen scaffolds for the treatment of bone injuries reduced the level of BMP-2 required, reducing the risks of side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haipeng Sun
- Department of Oral Implantology, Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat‑Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510055, P.R. China
| | - Jinming Wang
- Department of Oral Implantology, Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat‑Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510055, P.R. China
| | - Feilong Deng
- Department of Oral Implantology, Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat‑Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510055, P.R. China
| | - Yun Liu
- Department of Oral Implantology, Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat‑Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510055, P.R. China
| | - Xiumei Zhuang
- Department of Oral Implantology, Sun Yat‑Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat‑Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510055, P.R. China
| | - Jiayun Xu
- Department of Oral Implantology, Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat‑Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510055, P.R. China
| | - Long Li
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat‑Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510055, P.R. China
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Kozhevnikov E, Hou X, Qiao S, Zhao Y, Li C, Tian W. Electrical impedance spectroscopy - a potential method for the study and monitoring of a bone critical-size defect healing process treated with bone tissue engineering and regenerative medicine approaches. J Mater Chem B 2016; 4:2757-2767. [PMID: 32263340 DOI: 10.1039/c5tb02707a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The development of strategies of bone tissue engineering and regenerative medicine has been drawing considerable attention to treat bone critical-size defects (CSDs). Notably, new strategies and/or treatment approaches always require appropriate tools to track the healing process so as to evaluate their success. In this paper, we present the development of a novel approach for the non-invasive, yet real-time, monitoring and assessment of bone CSDs treated with biomaterials and biomedical approaches. For this, we employed the technique of electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) to quantitatively monitor and assess the changes in electrical impedance, and thus the regeneration process. In our in vitro tests, we examined the biochemical changes of the fracture area and investigated the influence of collagen and hydroxyapatite on the changes in electrical impedance by EIS, thus inferring the changes in bone regeneration and structure. Based on this success, we further demonstrated, in real time, the process of regeneration of the traumatic area in an in vivo rabbit model. Our electrical-impedance data of the experiment groups, i.e., the ones treated with natural coral and bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2), revealed that each group has its unique impedance graph characteristics, which are directly associated with the degree of regeneration. For comparison, we also employed radiography, gross anatomy, and histological analyses in examination. Our results illustrate that EIS holds considerable potential as a non-invasive tool for monitoring, in real time, the healing of bone CSDs by allowing for quantitatively characterizing the changes of both hydroxyapatite and collagen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeny Kozhevnikov
- Bio-X Center, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150080, P. R. China
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Farokhi M, Mottaghitalab F, Shokrgozar MA, Ou KL, Mao C, Hosseinkhani H. Importance of dual delivery systems for bone tissue engineering. J Control Release 2016; 225:152-69. [PMID: 26805518 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Revised: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Bone formation is a complex process that requires concerted function of multiple growth factors. For this, it is essential to design a delivery system with the ability to load multiple growth factors in order to mimic the natural microenvironment for bone tissue formation. However, the short half-lives of growth factors, their relatively large size, slow tissue penetration, and high toxicity suggest that conventional routes of administration are unlikely to be effective. Therefore, it seems that using multiple bioactive factors in different delivery systems can develop new strategies for improving bone tissue regeneration. Combination of these factors along with biomaterials that permit tunable release profiles would help to achieve truly spatiotemporal regulation during delivery. This review summarizes the various dual-control release systems that are used for bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Farokhi
- National Cell Bank of Iran, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Fatemeh Mottaghitalab
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Keng-Liang Ou
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Dentistry, Taipei Medical University - Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei city, Taiwan
| | - Chuanbin Mao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Stephenson Life Sciences Research Center, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA
| | - Hossein Hosseinkhani
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 10607, Taiwan
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Chen T, Gomez AW, Zuo Y, Li X, Zhang Z, Li Y, Hu J, Li J. Osteogenic potential and synergistic effects of growth factors delivered from a bionic composite system. J Biomed Mater Res A 2015; 104:659-668. [PMID: 26514654 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Revised: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China College of Stomatology; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Alan W. Gomez
- Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery; Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University; Stanford California 94305
| | - Yi Zuo
- Research Center for Nano-Biomaterials, Analytical and Testing Center, Sichuan University; Chengdu 610064 China
| | - Xiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China College of Stomatology; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China College of Stomatology; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Yubao Li
- Research Center for Nano-Biomaterials, Analytical and Testing Center, Sichuan University; Chengdu 610064 China
| | - Jing Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China College of Stomatology; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Jihua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China College of Stomatology; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610041 China
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Boukari Y, Scurr DJ, Qutachi O, Morris AP, Doughty SW, Rahman CV, Billa N. Physicomechanical properties of sintered scaffolds formed from porous and protein-loaded poly(DL-lactic-co-glycolic acid) microspheres for potential use in bone tissue engineering. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2015; 26:796-811. [DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2015.1058696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Shi S, Jiang W, Zhao T, Aifantis KE, Wang H, Lin L, Fan Y, Feng Q, Cui FZ, Li X. The application of nanomaterials in controlled drug delivery for bone regeneration. J Biomed Mater Res A 2015; 103:3978-92. [PMID: 26061384 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2015] [Revised: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Shi
- Department of Orthopedics; The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University; Shijiazhuang 050031 China
| | - Wenbao Jiang
- Department of General Surgery; Zhangbei Hospital; Zhangbei 076450 China
| | - Tianxiao Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering; Beihang University; Beijing 100191 China
| | - Katerina E. Aifantis
- Department of Civil Engineering-Engineering Mechanics; University of Arizona; Tucson Arizona 85721
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Orthopedics; The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University; Shijiazhuang 050031 China
| | - Lei Lin
- Department of Orthopedics; The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University; Shijiazhuang 050031 China
| | - Yubo Fan
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering; Beihang University; Beijing 100191 China
| | - Qingling Feng
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramic and Fine Processing; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 China
| | - Fu-zhai Cui
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramic and Fine Processing; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 China
| | - Xiaoming Li
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering; Beihang University; Beijing 100191 China
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Aryal R, Chen XP, Fang C, Hu YC. Bone morphogenetic protein-2 and vascular endothelial growth factor in bone tissue regeneration: new insight and perspectives. Orthop Surg 2015; 6:171-8. [PMID: 25179350 DOI: 10.1111/os.12112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2013] [Accepted: 05/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The study of bone tissue regeneration in orthopaedic diseases has stimulated great interest among bone tissue engineering specialists and orthopaedic surgeons. Combinations of biomaterials, growth factors and stem cells for repairing bone have been much studied and researched, yet remain a challenge for both scientists and clinicians pursuing regenerative medicine. The purpose of this review was to elucidate the role of sequential release of bone morphogenetic protein-2 and vascular endothelial growth factor in producing better outcomes in the field of bone tissue regeneration.
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Wu H, Xu Y, Liu G, Ling J, Dash BC, Ruan J, Zhang C. Emulsion cross-linked chitosan/nanohydroxyapatite microspheres for controlled release of alendronate. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2014; 25:2649-2658. [PMID: 25080396 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-014-5289-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Sustained delivery of growth factors has emerged as an essential requirement for bone tissue engineering applications for the treatment of various kinds of bone defects. Chitosan (CH) has attracted particular attention for drug delivery and bone tissue engineering because of its favorable biocompatibility and biodegradability. In this study, a composite microsphere system containing CH and nanohydroxyapatite (nHA)-alendronate (AL) particles was fabricated by employing both emulsification and cross-linking strategies. The microspheres were characterized for their surface morphology, composition, size distribution, drug loading efficiency and release properties. The results showed that loading efficiency and sustained release of hydrophilic AL were significantly improved, which is ideal for locally sustained release in the bone microenvironment. In vitro osteogenic studies showed that the microspheres could enhance the osteogenic activity of rabbit adipose-derived stem cells. In conclusion, the CH/nHA-AL composite microspheres exhibit promising properties as a candidate for local treatment for bone defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan Province, China
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Smith E, Kanczler J, Gothard D, Roberts C, Wells J, White L, Qutachi O, Sawkins M, Peto H, Rashidi H, Rojo L, Stevens M, El Haj A, Rose F, Shakesheff K, Oreffo R. Evaluation of skeletal tissue repair, part 1: assessment of novel growth-factor-releasing hydrogels in an ex vivo chick femur defect model. Acta Biomater 2014; 10:4186-96. [PMID: 24937137 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2014.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Revised: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 06/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Current clinical treatments for skeletal conditions resulting in large-scale bone loss include autograft or allograft, both of which have limited effectiveness. In seeking to address bone regeneration, several tissue engineering strategies have come to the fore, including the development of growth factor releasing technologies and appropriate animal models to evaluate repair. Ex vivo models represent a promising alternative to simple in vitro systems or complex, ethically challenging in vivo models. We have developed an ex vivo culture system of whole embryonic chick femora, adapted in this study as a critical size defect model to investigate the effects of novel bone extracellular matrix (bECM) hydrogel scaffolds containing spatio-temporal growth factor-releasing microparticles and skeletal stem cells on bone regeneration, to develop a viable alternative treatment for skeletal degeneration. Alginate/bECM hydrogels combined with poly (d,l-lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PDLLGA)/triblock copolymer (10-30% PDLLGA-PEG-PDLLGA) microparticles releasing VEGF, TGF-β3 or BMP-2 were placed, with human adult Stro-1+ bone marrow stromal cells, into 2mm central segmental defects in embryonic chick femurs. Alginate/bECM hydrogels loaded with HSA/VEGF or HSA/TGF-β3 demonstrated a cartilage-like phenotype, with minimal collagen I deposition, comparable to HSA-only control hydrogels. The addition of BMP-2 releasing microparticles resulted in enhanced structured bone matrix formation, evidenced by increased Sirius red-stained matrix and collagen expression within hydrogels. This study demonstrates delivery of bioactive growth factors from a novel alginate/bECM hydrogel to augment skeletal tissue formation and the use of an organotypic chick femur defect culture system as a high-throughput test model for scaffold/cell/growth factor therapies for regenerative medicine.
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40
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Smith EL, Kanczler JM, Gothard D, Roberts CA, Wells JA, White LJ, Qutachi O, Sawkins MJ, Peto H, Rashidi H, Rojo L, Stevens MM, El Haj AJ, Rose FRAJ, Shakesheff KM, Oreffo ROC. Evaluation of skeletal tissue repair, part 2: enhancement of skeletal tissue repair through dual-growth-factor-releasing hydrogels within an ex vivo chick femur defect model. Acta Biomater 2014; 10:4197-205. [PMID: 24907660 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2014.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Revised: 05/03/2014] [Accepted: 05/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
There is an unmet need for improved, effective tissue engineering strategies to replace or repair bone damaged through disease or injury. Recent research has focused on developing biomaterial scaffolds capable of spatially and temporally releasing combinations of bioactive growth factors, rather than individual molecules, to recapitulate repair pathways present in vivo. We have developed an ex vivo embryonic chick femur critical size defect model and applied the model in the study of novel extracellular matrix (ECM) hydrogel scaffolds containing spatio-temporal combinatorial growth factor-releasing microparticles and skeletal stem cells for bone regeneration. Alginate/bovine bone ECM (bECM) hydrogels combined with poly(d,l-lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PDLLGA)/triblock copolymer (10-30% PDLLGA-PEG-PLDLGA) microparticles releasing dual combinations of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), chondrogenic transforming growth factor beta 3 (TGF-β3) and the bone morphogenetic protein BMP2, with human adult Stro-1+bone marrow stromal cells (HBMSCs), were placed into 2mm central segmental defects in embryonic day 11 chick femurs and organotypically cultured. Hydrogels loaded with VEGF combinations induced host cell migration and type I collagen deposition. Combinations of TGF-β3/BMP2, particularly with Stro-1+HBMSCs, induced significant formation of structured bone matrix, evidenced by increased Sirius red-stained matrix together with collagen expression demonstrating birefringent alignment within hydrogels. This study demonstrates the successful use of the chick femur organotypic culture system as a high-throughput test model for scaffold/cell/growth factor therapies in regenerative medicine. Temporal release of dual growth factors, combined with enriched Stro-1+HBMSCs, improved the formation of a highly structured bone matrix compared to single release modalities. These studies highlight the potential of a unique alginate/bECM hydrogel dual growth factor release platform for bone repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- E L Smith
- Bone & Joint Research Group, Human Development and Health, Institute of Developmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
| | - J M Kanczler
- Bone & Joint Research Group, Human Development and Health, Institute of Developmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - D Gothard
- Bone & Joint Research Group, Human Development and Health, Institute of Developmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - C A Roberts
- Bone & Joint Research Group, Human Development and Health, Institute of Developmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - J A Wells
- Bone & Joint Research Group, Human Development and Health, Institute of Developmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - L J White
- The Wolfson Centre for Stem Cells, Tissue Engineering & Modelling (STEM), School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - O Qutachi
- The Wolfson Centre for Stem Cells, Tissue Engineering & Modelling (STEM), School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - M J Sawkins
- The Wolfson Centre for Stem Cells, Tissue Engineering & Modelling (STEM), School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - H Peto
- The Wolfson Centre for Stem Cells, Tissue Engineering & Modelling (STEM), School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - H Rashidi
- The Wolfson Centre for Stem Cells, Tissue Engineering & Modelling (STEM), School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - L Rojo
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London, UK; Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK; Institute of Polymer Science & Technology, CSIC and CIBER-BBN, Madrid, Spain
| | - M M Stevens
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London, UK; Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK; Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - A J El Haj
- Institute for Science and Technology in Medicine, School of Medicine, Keele University, Newcastle-under-Lyme, UK
| | - F R A J Rose
- The Wolfson Centre for Stem Cells, Tissue Engineering & Modelling (STEM), School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - K M Shakesheff
- The Wolfson Centre for Stem Cells, Tissue Engineering & Modelling (STEM), School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
| | - R O C Oreffo
- Bone & Joint Research Group, Human Development and Health, Institute of Developmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
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Oxidized alginate hydrogels for bone morphogenetic protein-2 delivery in long bone defects. Acta Biomater 2014; 10:4390-9. [PMID: 24954001 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2014.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Revised: 06/09/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Autograft treatment of large bone defects and fracture non-unions is complicated by limited tissue availability and donor site morbidity. Polymeric biomaterials such as alginate hydrogels provide an attractive tissue engineering alternative due to their biocompatibility, injectability, and tunable degradation rates. Irradiated RGD-alginate hydrogels have been used to deliver proteins such as bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2), to promote bone regeneration and restoration of function in a critically sized rat femoral defect model. However, slow degradation of irradiated alginate hydrogels may impede integration and remodeling of the regenerated bone to its native architecture. Oxidation of alginate has been used to promote degradation of alginate matrices. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of alginate oxidation on BMP-2 release and bone regeneration. We hypothesized that oxidized-irradiated alginate hydrogels would elicit an accelerated release of BMP-2, but degrade faster in vivo, facilitating the formation of higher quality, more mature bone compared to irradiated alginate. Indeed, oxidation of irradiated alginate did accelerate in vitro BMP-2 release. Notably, the BMP-2 retained within both constructs was bioactive at 26days, as observed by induction of alkaline phosphatase activity and positive Alizarin Red S staining of MC3T3-E1 cells. From the in vivo study, robust bone regeneration was observed in both groups through 12weeks by radiography, micro-computed tomography analyses, and biomechanical testing. Bone mineral density was significantly greater for the oxidized-irradiated alginate group at 8weeks. Histological analyses of bone defects revealed enhanced degradation of oxidized-irradiated alginate and suggested the presence of more mature bone after 12weeks of healing.
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Paracrine effect of mesenchymal stem cells derived from human adipose tissue in bone regeneration. PLoS One 2014; 9:e107001. [PMID: 25198551 PMCID: PMC4157844 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0107001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 220] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 08/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transplantation has proved to be a promising strategy in cell therapy and regenerative medicine. Although their mechanism of action is not completely clear, it has been suggested that their therapeutic activity may be mediated by a paracrine effect. The main goal of this study was to evaluate by radiographic, morphometric and histological analysis the ability of mesenchymal stem cells derived from human adipose tissue (Ad-MSC) and their conditioned medium (CM), to repair surgical bone lesions using an in vivo model (rabbit mandibles). The results demonstrated that both, Ad-MSC and CM, induce bone regeneration in surgically created lesions in rabbit's jaws, suggesting that Ad-MSC improve the process of bone regeneration mainly by releasing paracrine factors. The evidence of the paracrine effect of MSC on bone regeneration has a major impact on regenerative medicine, and the use of their CM can address some issues and difficulties related to cell transplants. In particular, CM can be easily stored and transported, and is easier to handle by medical personnel during clinical procedures.
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Bioactive coatings for orthopaedic implants-recent trends in development of implant coatings. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:11878-921. [PMID: 25000263 PMCID: PMC4139820 DOI: 10.3390/ijms150711878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2014] [Revised: 06/11/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Joint replacement is a major orthopaedic procedure used to treat joint osteoarthritis. Aseptic loosening and infection are the two most significant causes of prosthetic implant failure. The ideal implant should be able to promote osteointegration, deter bacterial adhesion and minimize prosthetic infection. Recent developments in material science and cell biology have seen the development of new orthopaedic implant coatings to address these issues. Coatings consisting of bioceramics, extracellular matrix proteins, biological peptides or growth factors impart bioactivity and biocompatibility to the metallic surface of conventional orthopaedic prosthesis that promote bone ingrowth and differentiation of stem cells into osteoblasts leading to enhanced osteointegration of the implant. Furthermore, coatings such as silver, nitric oxide, antibiotics, antiseptics and antimicrobial peptides with anti-microbial properties have also been developed, which show promise in reducing bacterial adhesion and prosthetic infections. This review summarizes some of the recent developments in coatings for orthopaedic implants.
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The role of bone morphogenetic proteins in myeloma cell survival. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2014; 25:343-50. [PMID: 24853340 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2014.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma is characterized by slowly growing clones of malignant plasma cells in the bone marrow. The malignant state is frequently accompanied by osteolytic bone disease due to a disturbed balance between osteoblasts and osteoclasts. Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are present in the bone marrow and are important for several aspects of myeloma pathogenesis including growth and survival of tumor cells, bone homeostasis, and anemia. Among cancer cells, myeloma cells are particularly sensitive to growth inhibition and apoptosis induced by BMPs and therefore represent good models to study BMP receptor usage and signaling. Our review highlights and discusses the current knowledge on BMP signaling in myeloma.
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Jin H, Zhang K, Qiao C, Yuan A, Li D, Zhao L, Shi C, Xu X, Ni S, Zheng C, Liu X, Yang B, Sun H. Efficiently engineered cell sheet using a complex of polyethylenimine-alginate nanocomposites plus bone morphogenetic protein 2 gene to promote new bone formation. Int J Nanomedicine 2014; 9:2179-90. [PMID: 24855355 PMCID: PMC4019610 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s60937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Regeneration of large bone defects is a common clinical problem. Recently, stem cell sheet has been an emerging strategy in bone tissue engineering. To enhance the osteogenic potential of stem cell sheet, we fabricated bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) gene-engineered cell sheet using a complex of polyethylenimine-alginate (PEI-al) nanocomposites plus human BMP-2 complementary(c)DNA plasmid, and studied its osteogenesis in vitro and in vivo. PEI-al nanocomposites carrying BMP-2 gene could efficiently transfect bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. The cell sheet was made by culturing the cells in medium containing vitamin C for 10 days. Assays on the cell culture showed that the genetically engineered cells released the BMP-2 for at least 14 days. The expression of osteogenesis-related gene was increased, which demonstrated that released BMP-2 could effectively induce the cell sheet osteogenic differentiation in vitro. To further test the osteogenic potential of the cell sheet in vivo, enhanced green fluorescent protein or BMP-2-producing cell sheets were treated on the cranial bone defects. The results indicated that the BMP-2-producing cell sheet group was more efficient than other groups in promoting bone formation in the defect area. Our results suggested that PEI-al nanocomposites efficiently deliver the BMP-2 gene to bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and that BMP-2 gene-engineered cell sheet is an effective way for promoting bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Jin
- Department of Pathology, School of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunyan Qiao
- Department of Pathology, School of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Anliang Yuan
- Department of Pathology, School of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Daowei Li
- Department of Pathology, School of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Zhao
- Department of Pathology, School of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Ce Shi
- Department of Pathology, School of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaowei Xu
- Department of Pathology, School of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Shilei Ni
- Department of Pathology, School of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Changyu Zheng
- Molecular Physiology and Therapeutics Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Xiaohua Liu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University Baylor College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Bai Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongchen Sun
- Department of Pathology, School of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
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46
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Impact of IGF-I release kinetics on bone healing: a preliminary study in sheep. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2014; 85:99-106. [PMID: 23958321 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2013.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2012] [Revised: 03/11/2013] [Accepted: 03/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Spatiotemporal release of growth factors from a delivery device can profoundly affect the efficacy of bone growth induction. Here, we report on a delivery platform based on the encapsulation of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) in different poly(D,L-lactide) (PLA) and poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) microsphere (MS) formulations to control IGF-I release kinetics. In vitro IGF-I release profiles generally exhibited an initial burst (14-36% of total IGF-I content), which was followed by a more or less pronounced dormant phase with little release (2 to 34 days), and finally, a third phase of re-increased IGF-I release. The osteoinductive potential of these different IGF-I PL(G)A MS formulations was tested in studies using 8-mm metaphyseal drill hole bone defects in sheep. Histomorphometric analysis at 3 and 6 weeks after surgery showed that new bone formation was improved in the defects locally treated with IGF-I PL(G)A MS (n=5) as compared to defects filled with IGF-I-free PL(G)A MS (n=4). The extent of new bone formation was affected by the particular release kinetics, although a definitive relationship was not evident. Local administration of IGF-I resulted in down-regulation of inflammatory marker genes in all IGF-I treated defects. The over-expression of growth factor genes in response to IGF-I delivery was restricted to formulations that produced osteogenic responses. These experiments demonstrate the osteoinductive potential of sustained IGF-I delivery and show the importance of delivery kinetics for successful IGF-I-based therapies.
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Cao L, Werkmeister JA, Wang J, Glattauer V, McLean KM, Liu C. Bone regeneration using photocrosslinked hydrogel incorporating rhBMP-2 loaded 2-N, 6-O-sulfated chitosan nanoparticles. Biomaterials 2014; 35:2730-42. [PMID: 24438908 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2013] [Accepted: 12/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Although rhBMP-2 has excellent ability to accelerate the repair of normal bone defects, limitations of its application exist in the high cost and potential side effects. This study aimed to develop a composite photopolymerisable hydrogel incorporating rhBMP-2 loaded 2-N, 6-O-sulfated chitosan nanoparticles (PH/rhBMP-2/NPs) as the bone substitute to realize segmental bone defect repair at a low growth factor dose. Firstly rhBMP-2 loaded 2-N, 6-O-sulfated chitosan nanoparticles (rhBMP-2/NPs) were prepared and characterized by DLS and TEM. Composite materials, PH/rhBMP-2/NPs were developed and investigated by SEM-EDS as well as a series of physical characterizations. Using hMSCs as an in vitro cell model, composite photopolymerisable hydrogels incorporating NPs (PH/NPs) showed good cell viability, cell adhesion and time dependent cell ingrowth. In vitro release kinetics of rhBMP-2 showed a significantly lower initial burst release from the composite system compared with the growth factor-loaded particles alone or encapsulated directly within the hydrogel, followed by a slow release over time. The bioactivity of released rhBMP-2 was validated by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity as well as a mineralization assay. In in vivo studies, the PH/rhBMP-2/NPs induced ectopic bone formation in the mouse thigh. In addition, we further investigated the in vivo effects of rhBMP-2-loaded scaffolds in a rabbit radius critical defect by three dimensional micro-computed tomographic (μCT) imaging, histological analysis, and biomechanical measurements. Animals implanted with the composite hydrogel containing rhBMP-2-loaded nanoparticles underwent gradual resorption with more pronounced replacement by new bone and induced reunion of the bone marrow cavity at 12 weeks, compared with animals implanted with hydrogel encapsulated growth factors alone. These data provided strong evidence that the composite PH/rhBMP-2/NPs are a promising substitute for bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyan Cao
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China; CSIRO Materials Science and Engineering, Bayview Avenue, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia; Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Jerome A Werkmeister
- CSIRO Materials Science and Engineering, Bayview Avenue, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Jing Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China; Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Veronica Glattauer
- CSIRO Materials Science and Engineering, Bayview Avenue, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Keith M McLean
- CSIRO Materials Science and Engineering, Bayview Avenue, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia.
| | - Changsheng Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China; Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China; Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
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Santo VE, Gomes ME, Mano JF, Reis RL. Controlled release strategies for bone, cartilage, and osteochondral engineering--Part I: recapitulation of native tissue healing and variables for the design of delivery systems. TISSUE ENGINEERING. PART B, REVIEWS 2013; 19:308-26. [PMID: 23268651 PMCID: PMC3690094 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2012.0138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2012] [Accepted: 12/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The potential of growth factors to stimulate tissue healing through the enhancement of cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation is undeniable. However, critical parameters on the design of adequate carriers, such as uncontrolled spatiotemporal presence of bioactive factors, inadequate release profiles, and supraphysiological dosages of growth factors, have impaired the translation of these systems onto clinical practice. This review describes the healing cascades for bone, cartilage, and osteochondral interface, highlighting the role of specific growth factors for triggering the reactions leading to tissue regeneration. Critical criteria on the design of carriers for controlled release of bioactive factors are also reported, focusing on the need to provide a spatiotemporal control over the delivery and presentation of these molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vítor E. Santo
- 3Bs Research Group—Biomaterials, Biodegradables, and Biomimetics, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University of Minho, Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Manuela E. Gomes
- 3Bs Research Group—Biomaterials, Biodegradables, and Biomimetics, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University of Minho, Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - João F. Mano
- 3Bs Research Group—Biomaterials, Biodegradables, and Biomimetics, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University of Minho, Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Rui L. Reis
- 3Bs Research Group—Biomaterials, Biodegradables, and Biomimetics, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University of Minho, Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
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TGF-β1 and BMP-4 carried by liposomes enhance the healing process in alveolar bone. Arch Oral Biol 2013; 58:646-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2012.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2012] [Revised: 10/16/2012] [Accepted: 11/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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50
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Miron RJ, Bosshardt DD, Gemperli AC, Dard M, Buser D, Gruber R, Sculean A. In vitro characterization of a synthetic calcium phosphate bone graft on periodontal ligament cell and osteoblast behavior and its combination with an enamel matrix derivative. Clin Oral Investig 2013; 18:443-51. [DOI: 10.1007/s00784-013-0977-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2012] [Accepted: 04/04/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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