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Aslan M, Gül M, Üremiş N, Akbulut S, Gürünlüoğlu S, Nur Özsoy E, Türköz Y, Ateş H, Akpinar N, Gül S, Gürünlüoğlu K, Demircan M. Ninety Sixth-Hour Impact of Scalding Burns on End Organ Damage, Systemic Oxidative Stress, and Wound Healing in Rats Treated With Three Different Types of Dressings. J Burn Care Res 2024; 45:733-743. [PMID: 38079377 DOI: 10.1093/jbcr/irad191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the effects of 3 different burn dressing treatments, including experimental, silver, and modern dressing materials, on systemic oxidative stress in rats with severe scald burns within the first 96 h. The rats were divided into five groups: a burn group (n = 10), a polylactic membrane group (n = 10), a silver sulfadiazine group (n = 10), a curcumin group (n = 10), and a control group (n = 10), consisting of equal numbers of female and male rats. In the first 4 groups, 30% of the rats' total body surface area was scalded at 95°C. The burn group was not treated. Each group was treated with group-name dressing material. The control group was neither treated nor burned. The rats were sacrificed, and blood and tissue samples were obtained at the 96th hour when severe effects of oxidative stress developed postburns. Systemic inflammatory biomarkers and oxidative stress parameters were examined. In addition, apoptosis and organ damage in liver, kidney, lung, and skin tissues were evaluated biochemically and histopathologically. When the parameters were statistically analyzed, we found that the systemic levels of oxidative stress and inflammatory damage to liver, kidney, and lung tissues were lower in the 3 treated groups than in the burn group. We believe that the dressing material's efficacy in the treatment of severe burns may be dependent on its ability to combat oxidative stress and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Aslan
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Inonu University, Malatya 44280, Turkiye
| | - Mehmet Gül
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Inonu University, Malatya 44280, Turkiye
| | - Nuray Üremiş
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Inonu University, Malatya 44280, Turkiye
| | - Sami Akbulut
- Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Inonu University, Malatya 44280, Turkiye
| | - Semra Gürünlüoğlu
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Inonu University, Malatya 44280, Turkiye
| | - Eda Nur Özsoy
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Inonu University, Malatya 44280, Turkiye
| | - Yusuf Türköz
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Inonu University, Malatya 44280, Turkiye
| | - Hasan Ateş
- Pediatric Intensive Burn Care Unit, Department of Pediatric Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Inonu University, Malatya 44280, Turkiye
| | - Necmettin Akpinar
- Pediatric Intensive Burn Care Unit, Department of Pediatric Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Inonu University, Malatya 44280, Turkiye
| | - Semir Gül
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Inonu University, Malatya 44280, Turkiye
| | - Kubilay Gürünlüoğlu
- Pediatric Intensive Burn Care Unit, Department of Pediatric Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Inonu University, Malatya 44280, Turkiye
| | - Mehmet Demircan
- Pediatric Intensive Burn Care Unit, Department of Pediatric Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Inonu University, Malatya 44280, Turkiye
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Mulder PPG, Hooijmans CR, Vlig M, Middelkoop E, Joosten I, Koenen HJPM, Boekema BKHL. Kinetics of Inflammatory Mediators in the Immune Response to Burn Injury: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Animal Studies. J Invest Dermatol 2024; 144:669-696.e10. [PMID: 37806443 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2023.09.269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Burns are often accompanied by a dysfunctional immune response, which can lead to systemic inflammation, shock, and excessive scarring. The objective of this study was to provide insight into inflammatory pathways associated with burn-related complications. Because detailed information on the various inflammatory mediators is scattered over individual studies, we systematically reviewed animal experimental data for all reported inflammatory mediators. Meta-analyses of 352 studies revealed a strong increase in cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors, particularly 19 mediators in blood and 12 in burn tissue. Temporal kinetics showed long-lasting surges of proinflammatory cytokines in blood and burn tissue. Significant time-dependent effects were seen for IL-1β, IL-6, TGF-β1, and CCL2. The response of anti-inflammatory mediators was limited. Burn technique had a profound impact on systemic response levels. Large burn size and scalds further increased systemic, but not local inflammation. Animal characteristics greatly affected inflammation, for example, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α levels were highest in young, male rats. Time-dependent effects and dissimilarities in response demonstrate the importance of appropriate study design. Collectively, this review presents a general overview of the burn-induced immune response exposing inflammatory pathways that could be targeted through immunotherapy for burn patients and provides guidance for experimental set-ups to advance burn research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick P G Mulder
- Preclinical Research, Association of Dutch Burn Centres (ADBC), Beverwijk, The Netherlands; Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Carlijn R Hooijmans
- Meta-Research Team, Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Palliative Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel Vlig
- Preclinical Research, Association of Dutch Burn Centres (ADBC), Beverwijk, The Netherlands
| | - Esther Middelkoop
- Preclinical Research, Association of Dutch Burn Centres (ADBC), Beverwijk, The Netherlands; Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Tissue Function and Regeneration, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Irma Joosten
- Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Hans J P M Koenen
- Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Bouke K H L Boekema
- Preclinical Research, Association of Dutch Burn Centres (ADBC), Beverwijk, The Netherlands; Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Mulder PPG, Koenen HJPM, Vlig M, Joosten I, de Vries RBM, Boekema BKHL. Burn-Induced Local and Systemic Immune Response: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Animal Studies. J Invest Dermatol 2022; 142:3093-3109.e15. [PMID: 35623415 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2022.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
As burn injuries are often followed by a derailed immune response and excessive inflammation, a thorough understanding of the occurring reactions is key to prevent secondary complications. This systematic review, that includes 247 animal studies, shows the post-burn response of 14 different immune cell types involved in immediate and long-term effects, in both wound tissue and circulation. Peripheral blood neutrophil and monocyte numbers increased directly after burns, whereas thrombocyte numbers increased near the end of the first week. Lymphocyte numbers, however, were decreased for at least two weeks. In burn wound tissue, neutrophil and macrophage numbers accumulated during the first three weeks. Burns also altered cellular functions as we found increased migratory potential of leukocytes, impaired antibacterial activity of neutrophils and enhanced inflammatory mediator production by macrophages. Neutrophil surges were positively associated with burn size and were highest in rats. Altogether, this comprehensive overview of the temporal immune cell dynamics shows that unlike normal wound healing, burn injury induces a long-lasting inflammatory response. It provides a fundamental research basis to improve experimental set-ups, burn care and outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick P G Mulder
- Association of Dutch Burn Centres (ADBC), Preclinical Research, Beverwijk, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - Hans J P M Koenen
- Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Marcel Vlig
- Association of Dutch Burn Centres (ADBC), Preclinical Research, Beverwijk, the Netherlands
| | - Irma Joosten
- Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Rob B M de Vries
- SYRCLE, Department for Health Evidence, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Bouke K H L Boekema
- Association of Dutch Burn Centres (ADBC), Preclinical Research, Beverwijk, the Netherlands
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Hamidi M, Okoro OV, Milan PB, Khalili MR, Samadian H, Nie L, Shavandi A. Fungal exopolysaccharides: Properties, sources, modifications, and biomedical applications. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 284:119152. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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MAVİ BULUT A, ŞİRİNYILDIZ F, ORAK C, CESUR G. The Protective Effects of Beta Glucan Against Experimental Renal Ischemia Reperfusion Injury. ACTA MEDICA ALANYA 2022. [DOI: 10.30565/medalanya.996861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Chaudhari V, Buttar HS, Bagwe-Parab S, Tuli HS, Vora A, Kaur G. Therapeutic and Industrial Applications of Curdlan With Overview on Its Recent Patents. Front Nutr 2021; 8:646988. [PMID: 34262922 PMCID: PMC8273257 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.646988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Curdlan is an exopolysaccharide, which is composed of glucose linked with β-(1,3)-glycosidic bond and is produced by bacteria, such as Alcaligenes spp., Agrobacterium spp., Paenibacillus spp., Rhizobium spp., Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Candida spp., and fungal sources like Aureobasidium pullulan, Poria cocos, etc. Curdlan has been utilized in the food and pharmaceutical industries for its prebiotic, viscosifying, and water-holding properties for decades. Recently, the usefulness of curdlan has been further explored by the pharmaceutical industry for its potential therapeutic applications. Curdlan has exhibited immunoregulatory and antitumor activity in preclinical settings. It was observed that curdlan can prevent the proliferation of malarial merozoites in vivo; therefore, it may be considered as a promising therapy for the treatment of end-stage malaria. In addition, curdlan has demonstrated potent antiviral effects against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and Aedes aegypti virus. It has been suggested that the virucidal properties of curdlans should be extended further for other deadly viruses, such as severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), and the current severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19). The prebiotic property of curdlan would confer beneficial effects on the host by promoting the growth of healthy microbiota in the gut and consequently help to reduce gastrointestinal disorders. Therefore, curdlan can be employed in the manufacture of prebiotics for the management of various gastrointestinal dysbiosis problems. Studies on the mechanism of action of curdlan-induced suppression in microbial and tumor cells at the cellular and molecular levels would not only enhance our understanding regarding the therapeutic effectiveness of curdlan but also help in the discovery of new drugs and dietary supplements. The primary focus of this review is to highlight the therapeutic interventions of curdlan as an anticancer, anti-malaria, antiviral, and antibacterial agent in humans. In addition, our review provides the latest information about the chemistry and biosynthesis of curdlan and its applications for making novel dairy products, functional foods, and nutraceuticals and also details about the recent patents of curdlan and its derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinay Chaudhari
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, Shri Vile Parle Kelavani Mandal's Narsee Monjee Institute of Management Studies, Mumbai, India
| | - Harpal Singh Buttar
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Siddhi Bagwe-Parab
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, Shri Vile Parle Kelavani Mandal's Narsee Monjee Institute of Management Studies, Mumbai, India
| | - Hardeep Singh Tuli
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, India
| | - Amisha Vora
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, Shri Vile Parle Kelavani Mandal's Narsee Monjee Institute of Management Studies, Mumbai, India
| | - Ginpreet Kaur
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, Shri Vile Parle Kelavani Mandal's Narsee Monjee Institute of Management Studies, Mumbai, India
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Wouk J, Dekker RFH, Queiroz EAIF, Barbosa-Dekker AM. β-Glucans as a panacea for a healthy heart? Their roles in preventing and treating cardiovascular diseases. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 177:176-203. [PMID: 33609583 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.02.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of death worldwide. Factors increasing the risks for CVD development are related to obesity, diabetes, high blood cholesterol, high blood pressure and lifestyle. CVD risk factors may be treated with appropriate drugs, but prolonged can use cause undesirable side-effects. Among the natural products used in complementary and alternative medicines, are the β-ᴅ-glucans; biopolymers found in foods (cereals, mushrooms), and can easily be produced by microbial fermentation. Independent of source, β-glucans of the mixed-linked types [(1 → 3)(1 → 6)-β-ᴅ-glucans - fungal, and (1 → 3)(1 → 4)-β-ᴅ-glucans - cereal] have widely been studied because of their biological activities, and have demonstrated cardiovascular protective effects. In this review, we discuss the roles of β-ᴅ-glucans in various pathophysiological conditions that lead to CVDs including obesity, dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, oxidative stress, hypertension, atherosclerosis and stroke. The β-glucans from all of the sources cited demonstrated potential hypoglycemic, hypocholesterolemic and anti-obesogenicity activities, reduced hypertension and ameliorated the atherosclerosis condition. More recently, β-glucans are recognized as possessing prebiotic properties that modulate the gut microbiome and impact on the health benefits including cardiovascular. Overall, all the studies investigated unequivocally demonstrated the dietary benefits of consuming β-glucans regardless of source, thus constituting a promising panaceutical approach to reduce CVD risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jéssica Wouk
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste, Campus CEDETEG, CEP: 85040-167, Guarapuava, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Robert F H Dekker
- Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Ambiental, Câmpus Londrina, CEP: 86036-370 Londrina, Paraná, Brazil; Beta-Glucan Produtos Farmoquímicos - EIRELI, Avenida João Miguel Caram 731, Lote 24(A), Bloco Zircônia, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, CEP: 86036-700 Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Eveline A I F Queiroz
- Núcleo de Pesquisa e Apoio Didático em Saúde, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Câmpus Universitário de Sinop, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, CEP: 78.557-267 Sinop, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Aneli M Barbosa-Dekker
- Beta-Glucan Produtos Farmoquímicos - EIRELI, Avenida João Miguel Caram 731, Lote 24(A), Bloco Zircônia, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, CEP: 86036-700 Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
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Yang G, Qiu H, Yu R, Xiong L, Yan Q, Wen C, Peng M. Dietary supplementation of β-glucan, inulin and emodin modulates antioxidant response and suppresses intestinal inflammation of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus). Anim Feed Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2020.114789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Abstract
Laminarin, a β-(1,3)-glucan from the seaweed Laminaria digitata, is a polysaccharide which provides anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative properties. Its influence on both human dermal fibroblasts adult (HDFa) and normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEK) has not been established yet. Herein, laminarin effects were examined on skin cells’ mitochondrial and antioxidant activities. Cytokines, hyaluronic acid, and procollagen type I secretions and interaction mechanisms were explored after a maximum of 72 h treatment with laminarin. Our results demonstrated a decrease in mitochondrial activities with 72 h treatment with laminarin from 500 µg.mL−1 for NHEK cells and from 100 µg.mL−1 for HDFa cells without cytotoxicity. No variation of hyaluronic acid or type I procollagen was observed for all laminarin concentrations, while an antioxidant effect was found against reactive oxygen species (ROS) from 1 µg.mL−1 for HDFa cells in both H2O2 and UVA radiation conditions, and from 10 µg.mL−1 and 1 µg.mL−1 for NHEK cells in both H2O2 and UVA radiation conditions, respectively. Laminarin treatment modulated both cells surface glycosylation and cytokine secretions of skin cells. Overall, our data suggest a positive effect of β-(1,3)-glucan on skin cells on oxidative stress and inflammation induced by environmental factors. Of note, these effects are through the modulation of glycan and receptors interactions at the skin cells surface.
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Divya M, Karthikeyan S, Ravi C, Govindarajan M, Alharbi NS, Kadaikunnan S, Khaled JM, Almanaa TN, Vaseeharan B. Isolation of β-glucan from Eleusine coracana and its antibiofilm, antidiabetic, antioxidant, and biocompatible activities. Microb Pathog 2020; 140:103955. [PMID: 31899325 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2019.103955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mani Divya
- Biomaterials and Biotechnology in Animal Health Lab, Nanobiosciences and Nanopharmacology Division, Department of Animal Health and Management, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, 630004, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Cyril Ravi
- Department of Zoology and Microbiology, Thiagarajar College (Autonomous), Madurai, 625 009, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Marimuthu Govindarajan
- Unit of Vector Control, Phytochemistry and Nanotechnology, Department of Zoology, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, 608 002, Tamil Nadu, India; Department of Zoology, Government College for Women (Autonomous), Kumbakonam, 612 001, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Naiyf S Alharbi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shine Kadaikunnan
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jamal M Khaled
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Taghreed N Almanaa
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Baskaralingam Vaseeharan
- Biomaterials and Biotechnology in Animal Health Lab, Nanobiosciences and Nanopharmacology Division, Department of Animal Health and Management, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, 630004, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Madrigal-Santillán E, Madrigal-Bujaidar E, Reyes-Arellano A, Morales-González JA, Álvarez-González I, Sánchez-Gutiérrez M, Izquierdo-Vega JA, Calzada-Mendoza CC, Anguiano-Robledo L, Morales-González Á. Supramolecular complex formation, a possible antigenotoxic mechanism of glucomannan against aflatoxin B1. TOXICOLOGICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/02772248.2020.1715410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Madrigal-Santillán
- Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Casco de Santo Tomas, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Eduardo Madrigal-Bujaidar
- Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Profesional A. López Mateos, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Alicia Reyes-Arellano
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Casco de Santo Tomas, Ciudad de México, México
| | | | - Isela Álvarez-González
- Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Profesional A. López Mateos, Ciudad de México, México
| | | | | | - Claudia C. Calzada-Mendoza
- Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Casco de Santo Tomas, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Liliana Anguiano-Robledo
- Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Casco de Santo Tomas, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Ángel Morales-González
- Escuela Superior de Cómputo, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Profesional A. López Mateos, Ciudad de México, México
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Protective effect of Myrtle (Myrtus communis) on burn induced skin injury. Burns 2019; 45:1856-1863. [DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2019.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Du B, Meenu M, Liu H, Xu B. A Concise Review on the Molecular Structure and Function Relationship of β-Glucan. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E4032. [PMID: 31426608 PMCID: PMC6720260 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20164032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
β-glucan is a non-starch soluble polysaccharide widely present in yeast, mushrooms, bacteria, algae, barley, and oat. β-Glucan is regarded as a functional food ingredient due to its various health benefits. The high molecular weight (Mw) and high viscosity of β-glucan are responsible for its hypocholesterolemic and hypoglycemic properties. Thus, β-glucan is also used in the food industry for the production of functional food products. The inherent gel-forming property and high viscosity of β-glucan lead to the production of low-fat foods with improved textural properties. Various studies have reported the relationship between the molecular structure of β-glucan and its functionality. The structural characteristics of β-glucan, including specific glycosidic linkages, monosaccharide compositions, Mw, and chain conformation, were reported to affect its physiochemical and biological properties. Researchers have also reported some chemical, physical, and enzymatic treatments can successfully alter the molecular structure and functionalities of β-glucan. This review article attempts to review the available literature on the relationship of the molecular structure of β-glucan with its functionalities, and future perspectives in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Du
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Natural Products Activity Components and Function, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Maninder Meenu
- Food Science and Technology Program, Beijing Normal University-Hong Kong Baptist University United International College, Zhuhai 519087, China
| | - Hongzhi Liu
- Institute of Agro-products Processing Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Baojun Xu
- Food Science and Technology Program, Beijing Normal University-Hong Kong Baptist University United International College, Zhuhai 519087, China.
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β-Glucan, a dietary fiber in effective prevention of lifestyle diseases – An insight. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcdf.2019.100187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Huang HH, Lee YC, Chen CY. Effects of burns on gut motor and mucosa functions. Neuropeptides 2018; 72:47-57. [PMID: 30269923 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2018.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
This review analyzed the published studies on the effects of thermal injury on gastrointestinal motility and mucosal damage. Our strategy was to integrate all available evidence to provide a complete review on the prokinetic properties of variable reagents and the potential clinical treatment of mucosal damage and gastrointestinal dysmotility after thermal injury. We classified the studies into two major groups: studies on gastrointestinal dysmotility and studies on mucosal damage. We also subclassified the studies into 3 parts: stomach, small intestine, and colon. This review shows evidence that ghrelin can recover burn-induced delay in gastric emptying and small intestinal transit, and can protect the gastric mucosa from burn-induced injury. Oxytocin and β-glucan reduced the serum inflammatory mediators, and histological change and mucosal damage indicators, but did not show evidence of having the ability to recover gastrointestinal motility. Using a combination of different reagents to protect the gastrointestinal mucosa against damage and to recover gastrointestinal motility is an alternative treatment for thermal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsien-Hao Huang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chi Lee
- Graduate Institute of Medical Science, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yen Chen
- Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Taiwan Association for the Study of Small Intestinal Diseases, Guishan, Taiwan.
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Abstract
Thermal injury may lead to multiple organ dysfunction through release of proinflammatory mediators and reactive oxygen radicals. This study investigated the effects of thermal injury on remote organs of rats and the possible protective effect of lutein. Thermal trauma was induced in the back of rats by exposing them to 90 °C bath for 10 s. Rats were sacrificed 48 h after burn, and blood samples were collected to monitor liver and kidney functions. Tissue samples from liver, kidneys, and lungs were taken for studying oxidative stress parameters, gene expressions of TNF-α and Casp-3, besides histopathological examination. Skin scald injury caused significant elevations of liver and kidney function biomarkers in the serum. In tissue samples, increments of MDA, GPx, and 8-OHdG were recorded while GSH level and the activities of CAT and SOD were suppressed. The expressions of TNF-α and caspase-3 mRNA were increased, and histopathological results revealed remote organ injury. Oral administration of lutein (250 mg/kg) resulted in amelioration of the biochemical and molecular changes induced by burn as well as the histopathological alterations. According to the findings of the present study, lutein possesses anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic effects that protect against burn-induced damage in remote organs.
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Naseri-Nosar M, Ziora ZM. Wound dressings from naturally-occurring polymers: A review on homopolysaccharide-based composites. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 189:379-398. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Revised: 01/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Xing Y, Chen C, Sun W, Zhang B, Sang Y, Xiu Z, Dong Y. An environment-friendly approach to isolate and purify glucan from spent cells of recombinant Pichia pastoris and the bioactivity characterization of the purified glucan. Eng Life Sci 2018; 18:227-235. [PMID: 32624901 DOI: 10.1002/elsc.201700125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
While the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris enables the industrial-scale biosynthesis of many recombinant products, large amount of nutrient-rich biomass emerged along this process. Polysaccharides, especially glucans that are abundant in the cell wall of P. pastoris, are yet to be better utilized owing to their various biological activities. However, the isolation and purification of cell wall glucan from P. pastoris has not been reported. In this study, we established an environment-friendly approach, including induced autolysis, hot-water treatment, ultrasonication, isopropanol extraction, and protease treatment, to isolate and purify glucan from the cell wall of P. pastoris. We achieved a purity of 85.3% and a yield of 11.7% for the purified glucan. Proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and ash were efficiently removed during the purification. The activities of the purified glucan were investigated in mice fed with a high-fat diet. The purified glucan decreased the level of total cholesterol and triglycerides by 30.3 and 29.7%, respectively. This result suggested that the cell wall glucan of P. pastoris could be developed to a therapeutic agent for dyslipidemia. Our study proposed an environment-friendly and effective method to isolate and purify the glucan from P. pastoris, providing solid foundation for the high-value utilization of this yeast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Xing
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology Dalian University of Technology Dalian Liaoning P. R. China
| | - Chaonan Chen
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology Dalian University of Technology Dalian Liaoning P. R. China
| | - Wenlong Sun
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology Dalian University of Technology Dalian Liaoning P. R. China
| | - Bowei Zhang
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology Dalian University of Technology Dalian Liaoning P. R. China
| | - Yuanbin Sang
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology Dalian University of Technology Dalian Liaoning P. R. China
| | - Zhilong Xiu
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology Dalian University of Technology Dalian Liaoning P. R. China
| | - Yuesheng Dong
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology Dalian University of Technology Dalian Liaoning P. R. China
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Magnetic bead based assays for complement component C5. J Immunol Methods 2017; 450:50-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2017.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2017] [Revised: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Zhang H, Zhang J, Fan Z, Zhou X, Geng L, Wang Z, Regenstein JM, Xia Z. Chemical Synthesis of Sulfated Yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) Glucans and Their In Vivo Antioxidant Activity. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22081266. [PMID: 28788075 PMCID: PMC6152352 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22081266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects of sulfation of yeast glucans was optimized using response surface methodology. The degree of sulfation was evaluated from 0.11 to 0.75 using ion-chromatography. The structural characteristics of SYG (sulfation of yeast glucans) with a DS = 0.75 were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography/gel-permeation chromatography and finally by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry. The SYG had lower viscosity and greater solubility than the native yeast glucans, suggesting that the conformation of the SYG had significantly changed. The results also showed that SYG had a significantly greater antioxidant activity in vivo compared to native yeast glucans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Nangang District, Harbin 150090, China.
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Nangang District, Harbin 150090, China.
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Nangang District, Harbin 150001, China.
| | - Ziluan Fan
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150040, China.
| | - Xintao Zhou
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Nangang District, Harbin 150090, China.
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Nangang District, Harbin 150001, China.
| | - Lin Geng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Nangang District, Harbin 150001, China.
| | - Zhenyu Wang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Nangang District, Harbin 150090, China.
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Nangang District, Harbin 150001, China.
| | - Joe M Regenstein
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-7201, USA.
| | - Zhiqiang Xia
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Nangang District, Harbin 150090, China.
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Nangang District, Harbin 150001, China.
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22
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Suchecka D, Błaszczyk K, Harasym J, Gudej S, Wilczak J, Gromadzka-Ostrowska J. Impact of purified oat 1-3,1-4-β-d-glucan of different molecular weight on alleviation of inflammation parameters during gastritis. J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2016.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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Shi L. Bioactivities, isolation and purification methods of polysaccharides from natural products: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 92:37-48. [PMID: 27377457 PMCID: PMC7124366 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.06.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 295] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Revised: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Polysaccharides play multiple roles and have extensive bioactivities in life process and an immense potential in healthcare, food and cosmetic industries, due to their therapeutic effects and relatively low toxicity. This review describes their major functions involved in antitumor, anti-virus, and anti-inflammatory bioactivities. Due to their enormous structural heterogeneity, the approaches for isolation and purification of polysaccharides are distinct from that of the other macromolecules such as proteins, etc. Yet, to achieve the homogeneity is the initial step for studies of polysaccharide structure, pharmacology, and its structure-activity relationships. According to the experiences accumulated by our lab and the published literatures, this review also introduces the methods widely used in isolation and purification of polysaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Shi
- Centre of Innovation, School of Applied Science, Temasek Polytechnic, 21 Tampines Avenue 1, 529757, Singapore.
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24
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25
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Selli J, Unal D, Mercantepe F, Akaras N, Kabayel R, Unal B, Atilay H. Protective effects of beta glucan in brain tissues of post-menopausal rats: a histochemical and ultra-structural study. Gynecol Endocrinol 2016; 32:234-9. [PMID: 26486170 DOI: 10.3109/09513590.2015.1110139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Decline of estrogen during menopause has been associated with numerous significant changes that have been linked to many pathophysiological complications. In addition, ovarian hormone deficiency increases the production of reactive oxygen radicals which could result in oxidative stress and cell damage. While estrogen therapy is often considered to overcome the behavioral and physiological shortcomings, antioxidants are gaining popularity for their beneficial property. For this purpose, in the present study, utilizing the antioxidant properties of beta glucan has been examined in treatment of menopause induced oxidative stress in cerebral neurons. Four groups of female Wistar rats were used: control, ovariectomy, ovariectomy + estrogen treated and ovariectomy + beta glucan treated. We observed a significant increase in neural degeneration in ovariectomized rats as compared to controls. Moreover, increased oxidative stress in the brains of the ovariectomized rats has been detected by performing immunohistochemical analysis. A large number of immuno-positive cerebral neurons have been observed in ovariectomy group rat brains. Interestingly, providing beta glucan treatment to ovariectomized rats reduced the number of degenerated neurons. Our study is the first to examine light and electron microscopic examination and immunohistochemical and stereological analysis of estrogen depletion in rats and to test protective role of beta glucan in the experimental study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jale Selli
- a Department of Histology and Embryology , Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University , Erzurum , Turkey and
| | - Deniz Unal
- a Department of Histology and Embryology , Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University , Erzurum , Turkey and
| | - Filiz Mercantepe
- b Department of Internal Medicine , Faculty of Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University , Rize , Turkey
| | - Nurhan Akaras
- a Department of Histology and Embryology , Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University , Erzurum , Turkey and
| | - Rabia Kabayel
- a Department of Histology and Embryology , Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University , Erzurum , Turkey and
| | - Bunyami Unal
- a Department of Histology and Embryology , Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University , Erzurum , Turkey and
| | - Hilal Atilay
- a Department of Histology and Embryology , Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University , Erzurum , Turkey and
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Oral Intake of Carboxymethyl-Glucan (CM-G) from Yeast (Saccharomyces uvarum) Reduces Malondialdehyde Levels in Healthy Men. Molecules 2015; 20:14950-8. [PMID: 26287149 PMCID: PMC6332209 DOI: 10.3390/molecules200814950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2015] [Revised: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Carboxymethyl-glucan (CM-G) is a water-soluble derivative of β(1→3)(1→6) glucan, a well-known immunostimulant and antioxidant compound. In this experimental, randomized and placebo-controlled study, the effects of oral CM-G intake over a 60-day period on the peripheral blood, cholesterol, glycemic index and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels of healthy men was assessed. The CM-G was obtained from spent brewer’s yeast (S. uvarum) with DS 0.8 and molecular weight of 2.2 × 105 Da. Following CM-G administration, no changes were observed in red and white blood cell, hematocrit, hemoglobin and platelet counts, or in cholesterol and glycemic indices. After 30 days of CM-G administration, the MDA levels decreased significantly (p ≤ 0.05) in men receiving CM-G. The results showed for the first time that CM-G may act as an adjuvant in preventing oxidative damage in healthy humans.
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Tatara AM, Shah SR, Livingston CE, Mikos AG. Infected animal models for tissue engineering. Methods 2015; 84:17-24. [PMID: 25843609 PMCID: PMC4526327 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2015.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2014] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Infection is one of the most common complications associated with medical interventions and implants. As tissue engineering strategies to replace missing or damaged tissue advance, the focus on prevention and treatment of concomitant infection has also begun to emerge as an important area of research. Because the in vivo environment is a complex interaction between host tissue, implanted materials, and native immune system that cannot be replicated in vitro, animal models of infection are integral in evaluating the safety and efficacy of experimental treatments for infection. In this review, considerations for selecting an animal model, established models of infection, and areas that require further model development are discussed with regard to cutaneous, fascial, and orthopedic infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander M Tatara
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77030, United States
| | - Sarita R Shah
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77030, United States
| | | | - Antonios G Mikos
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77030, United States; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, United States.
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28
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Madrigal-Bujaidar E, Morales-González JA, Sánchez-Gutiérrez M, Izquierdo-Vega JA, Reyes-Arellano A, Álvarez-González I, Pérez-Pasten R, Madrigal-Santillán E. Prevention of Aflatoxin B₁-Induced DNA Breaks by β-D-Glucan. Toxins (Basel) 2015; 7:2145-58. [PMID: 26110504 PMCID: PMC4488695 DOI: 10.3390/toxins7062145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Revised: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aflatoxins are a group of naturally-occurring carcinogens that are known to contaminate different human and animal foodstuffs. Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is the most genotoxic hepatocarcinogenic compound of all of the aflatoxins. In this report, we explore the capacity of β-D-glucan (Glu) to reduce the DNA damage induced by AFB1 in mouse hepatocytes. For this purpose, we applied the comet assay to groups of animals that were first administered Glu in three doses (100, 400 and 700 mg/kg bw, respectively) and, 20 min later, 1.0 mg/kg of AFB1. Liver cells were obtained at 4, 10 and 16 h after the chemical administration and examined. The results showed no protection of the damage induced by AFB1 with the low dose of the polysaccharide, but they did reveal antigenotoxic activity exerted by the two high doses. In addition, we induced a co-crystallization between both compounds, determined their fusion points and analyzed the molecules by UV spectroscopy. The data suggested the formation of a supramolecular complex between AFB1 and β-D-glucan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Madrigal-Bujaidar
- Genetics Laboratory, National School of Biological Sciences, IPN. "Unidad A. López Mateos". Av. Wilfrido Massieu. Zacatenco, México, DF 07738, Mexico.
| | - José Antonio Morales-González
- Conservation Medicine Laboratory, Superior School of Medicine, IPN. "Unidad Casco de Santo Tomas". Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón. México, DF 11340, Mexico.
| | - Manuel Sánchez-Gutiérrez
- Institute of Health Sciences, Autonomous University of Hidalgo State, Ex-Hacienda de la Concepción, Tilcuautla, Hidalgo 42160, Mexico.
| | - Jeannett A Izquierdo-Vega
- Institute of Health Sciences, Autonomous University of Hidalgo State, Ex-Hacienda de la Concepción, Tilcuautla, Hidalgo 42160, Mexico.
| | - Alicia Reyes-Arellano
- Organic Chemistry Department, National School of Biological Sciences, IPN. "Unidad Casco de Santo Tomas". Carpio y Plan de Ayala. México, DF 11340, Mexico.
| | - Isela Álvarez-González
- Genetics Laboratory, National School of Biological Sciences, IPN. "Unidad A. López Mateos". Av. Wilfrido Massieu. Zacatenco, México, DF 07738, Mexico.
| | - Ricardo Pérez-Pasten
- Preclinical Toxicology Laboratory, National School of Biological Sciences, IPN. "Unidad A. López Mateos". Av. Wilfrido Massieu. Zacatenco, México, DF 07738, Mexico.
| | - Eduardo Madrigal-Santillán
- Conservation Medicine Laboratory, Superior School of Medicine, IPN. "Unidad Casco de Santo Tomas". Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón. México, DF 11340, Mexico.
- Institute of Health Sciences, Autonomous University of Hidalgo State, Ex-Hacienda de la Concepción, Tilcuautla, Hidalgo 42160, Mexico.
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Purification, characterization and promoting effect on wound healing of an exopolysaccharide from Lachnum YM405. Carbohydr Polym 2014; 105:169-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.01.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2013] [Revised: 01/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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30
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Ozkan OV, Ozturk OH, Aydin M, Yilmaz N, Yetim I, Nacar A, Oktar S, Sogut S. Effects of β-glucan pretreatment on acetylsalicylic acid-induced gastric damage: An experimental study in rats. Curr Ther Res Clin Exp 2014; 71:369-83. [PMID: 24688156 DOI: 10.1016/s0011-393x(10)80003-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/25/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND NSAIDs have been found to induce gastrointestinal tract damage. Recently, it has been suggested that this might be mediated by lipid peroxidation. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to assess the potential protective effects of β-glucan against acetylsalicylic acid (ASA-induced gastric damage by means of its antioxidant capacity in an experimental rat model. METHODS Thirty-two male Wistar albino rats (200-250 g) were randomized into 4 groups consisting of 8 rats each. The β-glucan group received 50 mg/kg β-glucan once a day for 10 days and 30 minutes before anesthesia. The ASA group received saline once a day for 10 days and 300 mg/kg (20 mg/mL) ASA as a single dose, 4 hours before anesthesia. The ASA+β-glucan group was administered 50 mg/kg β-glucan once a day for 10 days and 30 minutes before anesthesia. Additionally, 300 mg/kg (20 mg/mL) ASA was administered as a single dose, 4 hours before anesthesia. The control group received saline once a day for 10 days and 30 minutes before anesthesia. All medications were administered by intragastric gavage. The stomach from each rat was dissected and divided into 2 parts for histologic and biochemical analysis. Gastric tissue malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO) levels, catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities were determined for oxidative parameter analysis. RESULTS The gastroprotective and antioxidant effects of β-glucan appeared to attenuate the ASA-induced gastric tissue damage. Compared with the control group, MDA and NO levels and CAT and GSH-Px activities were significantly increased in the stomachs of ASA-treated rats (MDA, 4.12 [0.44] to 13.41 [1.05] μmol/L; NO, 8.04 [7.25-9.10] vs 30.35 [22.34-37.95] μmol/g protein; CAT, 0.050 [0.004] to 0.083 [0.003] k/g protein; GSH-Px, 0.57 [0.42-0.66] to 1.55 [1.19-1.76] U/L; all, P < 0.001), whereas SOD activity was significantly decreased in the same group (291 [29] to 124 [6] U/mL; P < 0.001). In the ASA+β-glucan group, MDA and NO levels and CAT and GSH-Px activities were found to be significantly lower, while SOD activity was found to be significantly higher, in comparison with the ASA-treated group (all, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION β-Glucan appeared to attenuate the gastric damage caused by ASA in these rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orhan Veli Ozkan
- Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey
| | - Oktay Hasan Ozturk
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Aydin
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey
| | - Nigar Yilmaz
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey
| | - Ibrahim Yetim
- Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Nacar
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey
| | - Suleyman Oktar
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey
| | - Sadik Sogut
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey
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Fagone P, Mangano K, Mammana S, Quattrocchi C, Magro G, Coco M, Imene S, Di Marco R, Nicoletti F. Acceleration of SLE-like syndrome development in NZBxNZW F1 mice by beta-glucan. Lupus 2014; 23:407-11. [PMID: 24493283 DOI: 10.1177/0961203314522333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Beta-glucans are naturally occurring polysaccharides that exert important immunostimulatory activities. In the present study, we evaluated whether beta-glucans could modulate the development and the course of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). To this aim, we employed the classical model of SLE represented by the F1 hybrid between the NZB and NZW mouse strains which develop severe lupus-like phenotypes comparable to that of SLE patients. The administration of beta-glucan was associated to a more aggressive development of the disease and a worse prognosis, as observed from the clinical, biochemical and histopathological data. This finding implies that restraint should be practised in the possible use of beta-glucans as immunomodulators in human therapy in the context of SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Fagone
- 1Department of Bio-medical Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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Yenidogan E, Akgul GG, Gulcelik MA, Dinc S, Colakoglu MK, Kayaoglu HA. Effect of β-glucan on drain fluid and amount of drainage following modified radical mastectomy. Adv Ther 2014; 31:130-9. [PMID: 24421054 DOI: 10.1007/s12325-014-0091-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION To reduce the seroma formation following mastectomy and axillary dissection, many different techniques and drugs have been investigated. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of oral β-glucan on drain fluid and efficacy of daily drainage and drain removal day in mastectomy patients. METHODS One hundred and thirty breast cancer patients of Ankara Oncology Training and Research Hospital were divided into 2 groups by consecutive randomization (n = 65 each). β-glucan 10 mg capsules were administered to Group 1 twice a day for 10 days. Group 2 took placebos in the same manner. Age, menarche age, menopause, parity, history of oral contraceptives, comorbidities, postoperative daily drainage volumes and drain removal days were recorded and compared. Seroma samples during the first and second day of drainage were taken for analysis of Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF-α). RESULTS There was no difference between groups in terms of age, menarche age, menopause period, parity, oral contraceptive use and comorbidities. Group 1 showed significantly lower daily drainage volumes between days 2 and 8. Mean drain removal day was 7.16 ± 1.72 in Group 1 and 8.59 ± 2.27 in Group 2. The difference was significant (p < 0.001). TNF-α and IL-6 levels on days 1 and 2 in Group 1 were significantly lower (p < 0.001). In addition, β-glucan significantly shortened the number of days required for the drain removal in patients who have comorbidities (p = 0.018). The earliest removal was in patients without comorbidity and who received β-glucan (p = 0.002). CONCLUSION β-glucan decreased drain discharges after mastectomy. The drains were removed earlier in β-glucan administered patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erdinc Yenidogan
- Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Gaziosmanpasa University, Tokat, Turkey,
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Seker A, Deger KC, Bostanci EB, Ozer I, Dalgic T, Bilgihan A, Akmansu M, Ekinci O, Ercin U, Akoglu M. Effects of β-glucan on colon anastomotic healing in rats given preoperative irradiation. J INVEST SURG 2013; 27:155-62. [PMID: 24354442 DOI: 10.3109/08941939.2013.865820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Radiation therapy is an essential therapeutic modality in the management of a wide variety of tumors. We aimed to investigate the short-term effects of pelvic irradiation on the healing of colon anastomoses and to determine the potential protective effects of β-glucan in this situation. MATERIAL AND METHODS Sixty Wistar albino rats were randomized into three experimental groups: a control group (n = 20), an irradiation (IR) group (n = 20), and an irradiation+β-glucan (IR+β-glucan) group (n = 20). Only segmental colonic resection and anastomosis were performed on the control group. The IR group underwent the same surgical procedure as the control group 5 days after pelvic irradiation. In the IR+β-glucan group, the same procedure was applied as in the IR group after β-glucan administration. The groups were subdivided into subgroups according to the date of euthanasia (third [n = 10] or seventh [n = 10] postoperative [PO] day), and anastomotic colonic segments were resected to evaluate bursting pressures and biochemical and histopathological parameters. RESULTS Bursting pressure values were significantly lower in the IR group (p < .001). Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were significantly higher in the IR group, whereas β-glucan significantly decreased MDA levels on the third PO day (p < .001). Granulation tissue formation scores were significantly lower in the IR+β-glucan group compared with the control group and the IR group (p < .001). CONCLUSIONS The results of this study indicate that irradiation has negative effects on the early healing of colon anastomoses. The administration of β-glucan ameliorates these unfavorable effects by altering bursting pressures and biochemical parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Seker
- 1Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Harran University , Sanlıurfa , Turkey
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Uskoković A, Mihailović M, Dinić S, Arambašić Jovanović J, Grdović N, Marković J, Poznanović G, Vidaković M. Administration of a β-glucan-enriched extract activates beneficial hepatic antioxidant and anti-inflammatory mechanisms in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. J Funct Foods 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2013.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
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Effect of β-1,3/1,6-D-glucan in diet on productivity and humoral and cellular defense mechanisms in sheep. ACTA VET BRNO 2013. [DOI: 10.2754/avb201382020141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the effect of β-1,3/1,6-D-glucan, isolated from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, on indicators of milk and meat performance in sheep as well as on selected non-specific indicators of humoral and cellular defense. The experiment was carried on 26 suckling ewes divided into 2 equal groups, and their offspring (21 in each group). The ewes were administered concentrate with the addition of β-1,3/1,6-D-glucan at a dose of 3 g/kg. Indicators of milk performance and markers of humoral and cellular immunity were analyzed on days 28 and 70 of lactation; and the indicators of meat performance of lambs on day 28 and 70 of their life. The addition of β-1,3/1,6-D-glucan was observed to cause an increase in milk performance by 13.5–14%. Simultaneously, milk was characterized by a lower somatic cell count. Diet supplementation had a positive effect on the chemical composition of milk, which was manifested by increased percentage contents of fat (by 15– 30%) and protein (by 11%). Lambs were characterized by a higher growth rate and better muscle tissue development. The supplementation caused an increase of gamma-globulin concentration (by 6.33–9.5 g/l), lysozyme activity (by 0.1 mg/l), respiratory burst activity (by 0.11–0.14), potential killing activity (by 0.10–0.12), proliferative response of T-cells stimulated by mitogen concanavalineA (by 0.07–0.09 RI) and proliferative response of B-cells stimulated by mitogen lipopolysaccharide (by 0.13–0.16 RI) in sheep’s blood. The activity of β-1,3/1,6-D-glucan as a natural immunostimulator has been studied in many animal species, however, this is the first study conducted on sheep.
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Maji PK, Sen IK, Devi KSP, Maiti TK, Sikdar SR, Islam SS. Structural characterization of a biologically active glucan isolated from a hybrid mushroom strain pfle1v of Pleurotus florida and Lentinula edodes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcdf.2013.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Ghoneum M, Badr El-Din NK, Abdel Fattah SM, Tolentino L. Arabinoxylan rice bran (MGN-3/Biobran) provides protection against whole-body γ-irradiation in mice via restoration of hematopoietic tissues. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2013; 54:419-29. [PMID: 23287771 PMCID: PMC3650744 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rrs119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the current study is to examine the protective effect of MGN-3 on overall maintenance of hematopoietic tissue after γ-irradiation. MGN-3 is an arabinoxylan from rice bran that has been shown to be a powerful antioxidant and immune modulator. Swiss albino mice were treated with MGN-3 prior to irradiation and continued to receive MGN-3 for 1 or 4 weeks. Results were compared with mice that received radiation (5 Gy γ rays) only, MGN-3 (40 mg/kg) only and control mice (receiving neither radiation nor MGN-3). At 1 and 4 weeks post-irradiation, different hematological, histopathological and biochemical parameters were examined. Mice exposed to irradiation alone showed significant depression in their complete blood count (CBC) except for neutrophilia. Additionally, histopathological studies showed hypocellularity of their bone marrow, as well as a remarkable decrease in splenic weight/relative size and in number of megakaryocytes. In contrast, pre-treatment with MGN-3 resulted in protection against irradiation-induced damage to the CBC parameters associated with complete bone marrow cellularity, as well as protection of the aforementioned splenic changes. Furthermore, MGN-3 exerted antioxidative activity in whole-body irradiated mice, and provided protection from irradiation-induced loss of body and organ weight. In conclusion, MGN-3 has the potential to protect progenitor cells in the bone marrow, which suggests the possible use of MGN-3/Biobran as an adjuvant treatment to counteract the severe adverse side effects associated with radiation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamdooh Ghoneum
- Department of Otolaryngology, Charles Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, California 90059, USA.
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Smiderle FR, Alquini G, Tadra-Sfeir MZ, Iacomini M, Wichers HJ, Van Griensven LJ. Agaricus bisporus and Agaricus brasiliensis (1→6)-β-d-glucans show immunostimulatory activity on human THP-1 derived macrophages. Carbohydr Polym 2013; 94:91-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.12.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2012] [Revised: 11/23/2012] [Accepted: 12/31/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Du B, Bian Z, Xu B. Skin Health Promotion Effects of Natural Beta-Glucan Derived from Cereals and Microorganisms: A Review. Phytother Res 2013; 28:159-66. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.4963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2012] [Revised: 01/15/2013] [Accepted: 02/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Du
- Analysis and Testing Center; Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology; Qinhuangdao Hebei 066600 China
- School of Chinese Medicine; Hong Kong Baptist University; Hong Kong China
| | - Zhaoxiang Bian
- School of Chinese Medicine; Hong Kong Baptist University; Hong Kong China
| | - Baojun Xu
- Food Science and Technology Program; Beijing Normal University-Hong Kong Baptist University United International College; Zhuhai Guangdong 519085 China
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Aydogan M, Yucel A, Erdogan M, Polat A, Cetin A, Ucar M, Duran Z, Colak C, Durmus M. Effects of Oral β- Glucan on Liver Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in Rats. Transplant Proc 2013; 45:487-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2012.07.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2012] [Revised: 07/05/2012] [Accepted: 07/26/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Abstract
AbstractWe studied the effect of melatonin on morphological and functional disorders using serum markers of liver dysfunction such as cholinesterase and gamma glutamyl transpeptidase, hepatic protein content and malondialdehyde in a burned-rat model. Melatonin (10 mg/kg (−1), i.p) was administered immediately and then 12 h after 30% of total body surface area burns of male Wistar rats. The burns induced an increase of hepatic malondialdehyde levels by 166% (p<0.001), and also vascular congestion, leukocyte infiltration around the central veins, intracellular vacuolization, hepatic cell degeneration and apoptotic bodies (Councilman’s bodies). These changes were associated with significantly reduced serum cholinesterase (36%), gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (76%), hepatic proteins (52%) and serum albumin (37%) (p<0.001–0.0001). Treatment with melatonin reduced elevated hepatic malondialdehyde values by 50% (p<0.01). Melatonin restricted degenerative alteration in the hepatocytes: it protected the burninduced decrease of serum gamma glutamyl transpeptidase activity by 48% (p<0.01), hepatic proteins by 64% (p<0.01), and serum activity of cholinesterase as the only marker of liver damaged synthetic function by 57% (p<0.0001) but did not exert any significant influence on serum albumin concentration. Melatonin repaired the pathomorphological lesions and functional disorders. It could restore liver damage following thermal injury in humans.
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Medeiros SDV, Cordeiro SL, Cavalcanti JEC, Melchuna KM, Lima AMDS, Filho IA, Medeiros AC, Rocha KBF, Oliveira EM, Faria EDB, Sassaki GL, Rocha HAO, Sales VSF. Effects of purified Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1→3)-β-glucan on venous ulcer healing. Int J Mol Sci 2012; 13:8142-8158. [PMID: 22942695 PMCID: PMC3430226 DOI: 10.3390/ijms13078142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2012] [Revised: 05/22/2012] [Accepted: 05/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Water-insoluble glucan was isolated from the baker’s yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The yeast cells were treated with alkali and the residue then with acid. Chemical and NMR (1D and 2D) analyses showed that a linear (1→3)-β-glucan was purified that was not contaminated with other carbohydrates, proteins or phenolic compounds. The effects of the glucan on wound healing were assessed in human venous ulcers by histopathological analysis after 30 days of topical treatment. (1→3)-β-glucan enhanced ulcer healing and increased epithelial hyperplasia, as well as increased inflammatory cells, angiogenesis and fibroblast proliferation. In one patient who had an ulcer that would not heal for over 15 years, glucan treatment caused a 67.8% decrease in the area of the ulcer. This is the first study to investigate the effects of (1→3)-β-glucan on venous ulcer healing in humans; our findings suggest that this glucan is a potential natural biological response modifier in wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Dantas Viana Medeiros
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), General Gustavo Cordeiro de Farias Ave., Petrópolis, Natal, RN 59012-570, Brazil; E-Mails: (S.D.V.M.); (J.E.C.C.); (K.M.M.); (A.M. S.L.)
| | - Sara Lima Cordeiro
- Laboratory of Biotechnology of Natural Polymers (BIOPOL), Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), 3000, Salgado Filho Ave., Natal, RN 59078-970, Brazil; E-Mails: (S.L.C.); (H.A.O.R.)
| | - Jéssica Escorel Chaves Cavalcanti
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), General Gustavo Cordeiro de Farias Ave., Petrópolis, Natal, RN 59012-570, Brazil; E-Mails: (S.D.V.M.); (J.E.C.C.); (K.M.M.); (A.M. S.L.)
| | - Karina Mendes Melchuna
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), General Gustavo Cordeiro de Farias Ave., Petrópolis, Natal, RN 59012-570, Brazil; E-Mails: (S.D.V.M.); (J.E.C.C.); (K.M.M.); (A.M. S.L.)
| | - Aleida Maria da Silva Lima
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), General Gustavo Cordeiro de Farias Ave., Petrópolis, Natal, RN 59012-570, Brazil; E-Mails: (S.D.V.M.); (J.E.C.C.); (K.M.M.); (A.M. S.L.)
| | - Irami Araújo Filho
- University Hospital Onofre Lopes, Department of Surgery, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), 620, Nilo Peçanha st., Petrópolis, Natal, RN 59012-300, Brazil; E-Mails: (I.A.F.); (A.C.M.)
| | - Aldo Cunha Medeiros
- University Hospital Onofre Lopes, Department of Surgery, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), 620, Nilo Peçanha st., Petrópolis, Natal, RN 59012-300, Brazil; E-Mails: (I.A.F.); (A.C.M.)
| | - Keyla Borges Ferreira Rocha
- Laboratory of Pathology, Department of Pathology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), General Gustavo Cordeiro de Farias Ave., Petrópolis, Natal, RN 59012-570, Brazil; E-Mails: (K.B.F.R.); (E.M.O.)
| | - Elizabeth Maia Oliveira
- Laboratory of Pathology, Department of Pathology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), General Gustavo Cordeiro de Farias Ave., Petrópolis, Natal, RN 59012-570, Brazil; E-Mails: (K.B.F.R.); (E.M.O.)
| | - Eduardo Dantas Baptista Faria
- University Hospital Onofre Lopes, Department of Integrated Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), 620, Nilo Peçanha st., Petrópolis, Natal, RN 59012-300, Brazil; E-Mail:
| | - Guilherme Lanzi Sassaki
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Cento Politécnico S/N, Jardim das Américas, Curitiba, PR 81531-990, Brazil; E-Mail:
| | - Hugo Alexandre Oliveira Rocha
- Laboratory of Biotechnology of Natural Polymers (BIOPOL), Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), 3000, Salgado Filho Ave., Natal, RN 59078-970, Brazil; E-Mails: (S.L.C.); (H.A.O.R.)
| | - Valéria Soraya Farias Sales
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), General Gustavo Cordeiro de Farias Ave., Petrópolis, Natal, RN 59012-570, Brazil; E-Mails: (S.D.V.M.); (J.E.C.C.); (K.M.M.); (A.M. S.L.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +55-84-33429799; Fax: +55-84-33429796
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Bekyarova G, Apostolova M, Kotzev I. Melatonin Protection against Burn-Induced Hepatic Injury by Down-Regulation and Nuclear Factor Kappa B Activation. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2012; 25:591-6. [DOI: 10.1177/039463201202500305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Melatonin exhibits a wide variety of biological activity including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. We have previously reported its protective effect on hepatic oxidative hepatic injury in burns. In this study, we investigated the role of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB) in melatonin-mediated protection against liver injury by using the burned-rat model. Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytriptamin, 10mg/kg (-1), i.p.) was administered immediately and 12 hours after thermal skin injury. Hepatic NF-kB expression was determined by Western blotting. TNF-α level in liver homogenate was quantified using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. Plasma aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels were determined to assess liver injury at the 24th hour after burns. Thermal skin injury caused significant elevation of hepatic NF-kB expression by 48%, TNF-α level by 55% and plasma AST and ALT activities by 2- and 3-fold, respectively, in comparison with normal control rats. Treatment with melatonin decreased significantly elevated hepatic NF-kB activity and TNF-α, maintaining the levels close to the control values Melatonin suppressed the elevation of plasma AST and ALT activities (p<0.001), which remained significantly increased compared to controls. In conclusion, thermal skin injury causes hepatic NF-kB activation that may mediate the release of hepatic TNF-α and contribute to liver damage. Melatonin protects against burn-induced hepatic injury as to a certain extent this effect may result from the suppression of NF-kB-mediated inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Bekyarova
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology; Medical University-Varna, Bulgaria
| | - M. Apostolova
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Bulgarian Academy of Science, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - I. Kotzev
- Clinic of Gastroenterology, MHAT “St Marina”, Medical University, Varna, Bulgaria
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Falco A, Frost P, Miest J, Pionnier N, Irnazarow I, Hoole D. Reduced inflammatory response to Aeromonas salmonicida infection in common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) fed with β-glucan supplements. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 32:1051-7. [PMID: 22406448 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2012.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2011] [Revised: 02/23/2012] [Accepted: 02/24/2012] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to determine the action of β-glucans as feed additives on the gene expression profile of some inflammatory-related cytokines from common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) during the early stages of a non-lethal bacterial infection with Aeromonas salmonicida. β-glucan (MacroGard(®)), was administered daily to carp (6 mg per kg body weight) in the form of supplemented commercial food pellets for 14 days prior to infection. Control and treated fish were then intraperitoneally injected with PBS or 4×10(8) bacteria per fish and were sampled at time 0 and 6h, 12h, 1 day, 3 days and 5 days post-injection. Head kidney and gut were collected and the gene expression patterns for tnfα1, tnfα2, il1β, il6 and il10 were analyzed by quantitative PCR. Results obtained showed that treatment with β-glucans generally down-regulated the expression of all measured genes when compared to their corresponding controls. After injection, highest changes in the gene expression levels were obtained at 6h; particularly, in head kidney there was higher up-regulation of tnfa1 and tnfa2 in infected fish fed β-glucans in comparison to control feed; however, in gut there was a significant down-regulation of tnfα1, tnfα2, il1β and il6 in infected fish fed β-glucans. Analysis of carp specific antibodies against A. salmonicida 30 days after injection revealed their levels were reduced in the infected β-glucan group. In conclusion, a diet supplemented with β-glucan (MacroGard(®)) reduced the gene expression levels of some inflammation-related cytokines in common carp. Such a response appears to be dependent of organ studied and therefore the immunostimulant may be preventing an acute and potential dangerous response in gut, whilst enhancing the inflammatory response in head kidney when exposed to A. salmonicida.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Falco
- School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, United Kingdom
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Firat C, Samdanci E, Erbatur S, Aytekin AH, Ak M, Turtay MG, Coban YK. β-Glucan treatment prevents progressive burn ischaemia in the zone of stasis and improves burn healing: an experimental study in rats. Burns 2012; 39:105-12. [PMID: 22469518 DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2012.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2011] [Revised: 02/25/2012] [Accepted: 02/27/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Saving the zone of stasis is one of the major goals of burn specialists. Increasing the tissue tolerance to ischaemia and inhibiting inflammation have been proposed to enable salvage of this zone. After a burn, excessive inflammation, including increased vascular permeability, local tissue oedema and neutrophil activation, causes local tissue damage by triggering vascular thrombosis and blocking capillaries, resulting in tissue ischaemia and necrosis. Oxygen radicals also contribute to tissue damage after a burn. However, macrophages play a pivotal role in the response to burn. We studied β-glucan because of its many positive systemic effects that are beneficial to burn healing, including immunomodulatory effects, antioxidant effects (free-radical scavenging activity) and effects associated with the reduction of the inflammatory response. There were four test groups in this study with eight rats in each group. Group 1 was the control group, group 2 was administered a local pomade (bacitracin+neomycin sulphate), group 3 received β-glucan (50 mg kg(-1), orally) + the local pomade and group 4 received β-glucan. Burns were created using a brass comb model. Macroscopic, histopathological and statistical assessments were performed. Samples were harvested on the 3rd, 7th and 21 days for analysis. The neutrophilic infiltration into the zone of stasis was analysed on day 3. Macrophage infiltration, fibroblast proliferation, angiogenesis and re-epithelialisation ratios in the zone of stasis were analysed on days 7 and 21. The β-glucan groups (groups 3 and 4) exhibited lower neutrophil counts on the 3rd day, and macrophage infiltration, fibroblast proliferation, angiogenesis and re-epithelialisation were very high in these groups on the 7th day. In particular, re-epithelialisation on the 21st day was significantly better in the β-glucan groups. This study demonstrated that β-glucan may prevent neutrophil-dependent tissue damage and burn-induced oxidative injury through its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. We speculate that the inhibition of neutrophil activation preserves vascular patency by preventing capillary blockage. β-Glucan is also a powerful macrophage stimulator, and is therefore very effective in saving the zone of stasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cemal Firat
- Inonu University School of Medicine, Department of Plastic Reconstructive Surgery, Malatya, Turkey.
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Protective effects of β-glucan against oxidative injury induced by 2.45-GHz electromagnetic radiation in the skin tissue of rats. Arch Dermatol Res 2012; 304:521-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s00403-012-1205-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2011] [Revised: 12/21/2011] [Accepted: 01/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Baggio CH, Freitas CS, Marcon R, Werner MFDP, Rae GA, Smiderle FR, Sassaki GL, Iacomini M, Marques MCA, Santos ARS. Antinociception of β-D-glucan from Pleurotus pulmonarius is possibly related to protein kinase C inhibition. Int J Biol Macromol 2011; 50:872-7. [PMID: 22085751 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2011.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2011] [Revised: 10/24/2011] [Accepted: 10/31/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
β-D-Glucan, a polysaccharide isolated from an edible mushroom Pleurotus pulmonarius (Fr.) Quel., presented antinociceptive activity in mice. This study evaluated the involvement of transient receptor potential (TRP) channels and protein kinase C (PKC) on antinociceptive effect of a (1→3),(1→6)-linked β-D-glucan (GL) in mice. Intraperitoneal administration of GL potently inhibited nociceptive responses induced by intraplantar injections of capsaicin, cinnamaldehyde, menthol, acidified saline and phorbol myristate acetate (PMA). Moreover, Western blot analysis revealed that GL treatment also prevented PMA-induced PKCɛ activation. Collectively, present results demonstrate that GL could constitute an attractive molecule of interest for the development of new analgesic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiane Hatsuko Baggio
- Department of Pharmacology, Sector of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
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Wong VW, Rustad KC, Glotzbach JP, Sorkin M, Inayathullah M, Major MR, Longaker MT, Rajadas J, Gurtner GC. Pullulan hydrogels improve mesenchymal stem cell delivery into high-oxidative-stress wounds. Macromol Biosci 2011; 11:1458-66. [PMID: 21994074 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201100180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2011] [Revised: 06/27/2011] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Cell-based therapies for wound repair are limited by inefficient delivery systems that fail to protect cells from the acute inflammatory environment. Here, a biomimetic hydrogel system is described that is based on the polymer pullulan, a carbohydrate glucan known to exhibit potent antioxidant capabilities. It is shown that pullulan hydrogels are an effective cell delivery system and improve mesenchymal stem cell survival and engraftment in high-oxidative-stress environments. The results suggest that glucan hydrogel systems may prove beneficial for progenitor-cell-based approaches to skin regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor W Wong
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
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Gulmen S, Kiris I, Kocyigit A, Kumbul Dogus D, Ceylan BG, Meteoglu I. β-Glucan Protects against Lung Injury Induced by Abdominal Aortic Ischemia-Reperfusion in Rats. J Surg Res 2010; 164:e325-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2010.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2010] [Revised: 07/08/2010] [Accepted: 08/09/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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