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Qian Z, Xu J, Zhang L, Deng Q, Fan Z, Guo X, Liang Z, Wang W, Wang L, Liao X, Ren W. AFK-PD alleviated osteoarthritis progression by chondroprotective and anti-inflammatory activity. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1439678. [PMID: 39268467 PMCID: PMC11390510 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1439678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most prevalent cartilage degenerative and low-grade inflammatory disease of the whole joint. However, there are currently no FDA-approved drugs or global regulatory agency-approved treatments OA disease modification. Therefore, it's essential to explore novel effective therapeutic strategies for OA. In our study, we investigated the effects of AFK-PD, a novel pyridone agent, on the development of OA induced by destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM) in vivo, and its impact on the function of chondrocytes treated with IL-1β in vitro. Our results demonstrated AFK-PD alleviated OA progression through inhibiting cartilage degeneration, articular inflammation and osteophyte formation. Notably, AFK-PD inhibited chondrocyte inflammation and synovial macrophage M1 polarization, leading to the attenuation of articular inflammation. Additionally, AFK-PD promoted chondrocyte anabolism while mitigating catabolism and apoptosis, effectively inhibiting cartilage degeneration. Mechanistically, AFK-PD suppressed the expression of key signaling molecules involved in the MAPK pathway, such as p-ERK1/2 and p-JNK, as well as the NF-κB signaling molecule p-p65, in IL-1β-induced chondrocytes. These findings suggest AFK-PD ameliorates the development of OA by protecting chondrocyte functions and inhibiting articular inflammation in chondrocytes and synovial macrophages. Overall, our study highlights AFK-PD as a promising therapeutic candidate for the treatment of OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuang Qian
- Clinical Medical Center of Tissue Engineering and Regeneration, Institutes of Health Central Plain, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Jie Xu
- Clinical Medical Center of Tissue Engineering and Regeneration, Institutes of Health Central Plain, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Clinical Medical Center of Tissue Engineering and Regeneration, Institutes of Health Central Plain, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Qian Deng
- Clinical Medical Center of Tissue Engineering and Regeneration, Institutes of Health Central Plain, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Zhenlin Fan
- Clinical Medical Center of Tissue Engineering and Regeneration, Institutes of Health Central Plain, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Xueqiang Guo
- Clinical Medical Center of Tissue Engineering and Regeneration, Institutes of Health Central Plain, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Zhuo Liang
- Clinical Medical Center of Tissue Engineering and Regeneration, Institutes of Health Central Plain, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Weiyun Wang
- Clinical Medical Center of Tissue Engineering and Regeneration, Institutes of Health Central Plain, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Clinical Medical Center of Tissue Engineering and Regeneration, Institutes of Health Central Plain, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Xiaohua Liao
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenjie Ren
- Clinical Medical Center of Tissue Engineering and Regeneration, Institutes of Health Central Plain, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
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Zhao Y, Yu D, Wang H, Jin W, Li X, Hu Y, Qin Y, Kong D, Li G, Ellen A, Wang H. Galectin-9 Mediates the Therapeutic Effect of Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Experimental Endotoxemia. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:700702. [PMID: 35252164 PMCID: PMC8893172 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.700702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Endotoxemia remains a major cause of mortality in the intensive care unit, but the therapeutic strategy is still lacking. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) was reported with a tissue-oriented differentiation ability and an excellent immunoregulatory capacity. However, the immunity signaling pathways that govern MSC modulation effect are not completely understood. In our current study, MSCs (2.5 × 105 /ml) were obtained and stimulated with IFN-γ (20 ng/ml) for 72 h. Gal-9 expression on MSCs was measured by ELISA, RT-PCR, flow cytometry, and immunofluorescence, respectively. Experimental endotoxemia was induced by LPS injection (10 mg/kg, i. p.) followed by the treatment with Gal-9 high-expressing MSCs, unmodified MSCs, and Gal-9 blocking MSCs. Therapeutic effects of MSCs were assessed by monitoring murine sepsis score, survival rate, splenocyte proportion rate, inflammatory mediator levels, and pathological manifestations. The results showed that Gal-9 expressed in MSCs, and this expression was increased in a dose-dependent manner after pre-stimulating with IFN-γ. Adoptive transfer of Gal-9 high-expressing MSCs into modeling mice significantly alleviated endotoxemia symptoms and multi-organ pathological damages. Splenocyte analysis indicated that Gal-9 high-expressing MSCs could promote macrophage polarization to M2-subtype and boost Treg generation. Moreover, there were also attenuated pro-inflammatory mediator expressions (TNF-α, IL-1β, IFN-γ, and iNOS), and increased anti-inflammatory mediator expressions (T-SOD and IL-35) in the sera and damaged organ homogenates. Additionally, we found a higher expression of Gal-9 in liver, lung, and kidney homogenate. Taken together, this study reveals that the optimized immunoregulatory effect of MSCs is strongly correlated with Gal-9 high expression, which provides a novel idea for the investigation of MSC immunomodulatory mechanisms and offers a potential strategy for the treatment of endotoxemia in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Tianjin General Surgery Institute, Tianjin, China
| | - Dingding Yu
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin General Surgery Institute, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongda Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin General Surgery Institute, Tianjin, China
| | - Wang Jin
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin General Surgery Institute, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin General Surgery Institute, Tianjin, China
| | - Yonghao Hu
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin General Surgery Institute, Tianjin, China
| | - Yafei Qin
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin General Surgery Institute, Tianjin, China
| | - Dejun Kong
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin General Surgery Institute, Tianjin, China
| | - Guangming Li
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin General Surgery Institute, Tianjin, China
| | - Acheampong Ellen
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin General Surgery Institute, Tianjin, China
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Bi F, Zhang J, Wei Z, Yu D, Zheng S, Wang J, Li H, Hua Z, Zhang H, Yang G. Dynamic Glycopeptide Dendrimers: Synthesis and Their Controllable Self-Assembly into Varied Glyco-Nanostructures for the Biomimicry of Glycans. Biomacromolecules 2021; 23:128-139. [PMID: 34881566 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.1c01137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
A library of 14 dynamic glycopeptide amphiphilic dendrimers composed of 14 hydrophilic and bioactive saccharides (seven kinds) as dendrons and 7 hydrophobic peptides (di- and tetrapeptides) as arms with β-cyclodextrin (CD) as a core were facially designed and synthesized in several steps. Fourteen saccharides were first conjugated to the C-2 and C-3 positions of CD, forming glycodendrons. Subsequently, seven oligopeptide arms were introduced at the C-6 positions of a CD moiety by an acylhydrazone dynamic covalent bond, resulting in unique Janus amphiphilic glycopeptide dendrimers with precise and varied molecular structures. The kinds of hydrophilic parts of saccharides and hydrophobic parts of peptides were easily varied to prepare a series of amphiphilic Janus glycopeptide dendrimers. Intriguingly, these obtained amphiphilic glycopeptide dendrimers showcased very different self-assembly behaviors from the traditional amphiphilic linear block-copolymers and self-assembled into different glyco-nanostructures with controllable morphologies including glycospheres, worm-like micelles, and fibers depending upon the repeat unit ratio of saccharides and phenylalanine. Both glycodendrons and glycopeptide assemblies displayed strong and specific recognitions with C-type mannose-specific lectin. Moreover, these glycopeptide nanomaterials can encapsulate exemplary hydrophobic molecules such as Nile red (NR). The dye-loaded glycopeptide nanostructures showed a pH-controllable release behavior around the physiological and acidic tumor environment. Furthermore, cell experiments demonstrated that such glyco-nanostructures can further facilitate the functions of a model drug of the pyridone agent to reduce the expression of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) and interleukin -1beta (IL-1β) in the primary peritoneal macrophages via encapsulating drugs. Considering all the abovementioned advantages including unique and precise structures, bioactivity, targeting, and controllable cargo release, we believe that these findings can not only enrich the library of glycopeptides but also provide a new avenue to the fabrication of smart and structure-controllable glyco-nanomaterials which hold great potential biological applications such as targeted delivery and release of therapeutic and bioactive molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feihu Bi
- Biomass Molecular Engineering Center and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Department of Nephropathy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China
| | - Zengming Wei
- Biomass Molecular Engineering Center and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China
| | - Deshui Yu
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Pest Control, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China
| | - Shuai Zheng
- Biomass Molecular Engineering Center and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Biomass Molecular Engineering Center and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China
| | - Hongyu Li
- Biomass Molecular Engineering Center and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China
| | - Zan Hua
- Biomass Molecular Engineering Center and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Biomass Molecular Engineering Center and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China
| | - Guang Yang
- Biomass Molecular Engineering Center and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China
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Jung F, Liu J, Yang S, Tseng H, Chou SP, Lin J, Jow G. FJU-C28 inhibits the endotoxin-induced pro-inflammatory cytokines expression via suppressing JNK, p38 MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2021; 9:e00876. [PMID: 34669271 PMCID: PMC8527890 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite marked improvements in supportive care, the mortality rate of acute respiratory distress syndrome due to the excessive inflammatory response caused by direct or indirect lung injury induced by viral or bacterial infection is still high. In this study, we explored the anti-inflammatory effect of FJU-C28, a new 2-pyridone-based synthetic compound, on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation in vitro and in vivo models. FJU-C28 suppressed the LPS-induced mRNA and protein expression of iNOS, COX2 and proinflammatory cytokines. The cytokine protein array results showed that LPS stimulation enhanced the secretion of IL-10, IL-6, GCSF, Eotaxin, TNFα, IL-17, IL-1β, Leptin, sTNF RII, and RANTES. Conversely, the LPS-induced secretion of RANTES, TIMP1, IL-6, and IL-10 was dramatically suppressed by FJU-C28. FJU-C28 suppressed the LPS-induced expression of RANTES, but its parental compound FJU-C4 was unable to diminish RANTES in cell culture media or cell lysates. FJU-C28 blocked the secretion of IL-6 and RANTES in LPS-activated macrophages by regulating the activation of JNK, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB). FJU-C28 prevented the LPS-induced decreases in lung function including vital capacity (VC), lung compliance (C chord), forced expiratory volume at 100 ms (FEV100), and forced vital capacity (FVC) in mice with LPS-induced systemic inflammatory responses. FJU-C28 also reduced neutrophil infiltration in the interstitium, lung damage and circulating levels of IL-6 and RANTES in mice with systemic inflammation. In conclusion, these findings suggest that FJU-C28 possesses anti-inflammatory activities to prevent endotoxin-induced lung function decrease and lung damages by down-regulating proinflammatory cytokines including IL-6 and RANTES via suppressing the JNK, p38 MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Jung
- Department of Respiratory TherapyFu‐Jen Catholic UniversityNew Taipei CityTaiwan
- Deparment of ChemistryFu‐Jen Catholic UniversityNew Taipei CityTaiwan
| | - Jung‐Sen Liu
- Department of Respiratory TherapyFu‐Jen Catholic UniversityNew Taipei CityTaiwan
- Department of SurgeryCathay General HospitalTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Shih‐Hsing Yang
- Department of Respiratory TherapyFu‐Jen Catholic UniversityNew Taipei CityTaiwan
| | - Hui‐Yun Tseng
- Department of Respiratory TherapyFu‐Jen Catholic UniversityNew Taipei CityTaiwan
- Deparment of ChemistryFu‐Jen Catholic UniversityNew Taipei CityTaiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical ScienceFu‐Jen Catholic UniversityNew Taipei CityTaiwan
| | | | - Jau‐Chen Lin
- Department of Respiratory TherapyFu‐Jen Catholic UniversityNew Taipei CityTaiwan
| | - Guey‐Mei Jow
- School of MedicineFu‐Jen Catholic UniversityNew Taipei CityTaiwan
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Tu S, Jiang Y, Cheng H, Yuan X, He Y, Peng Y, Peng X, Peng Z, Tao L, Yang H. Fluorofenidone protects liver against inflammation and fibrosis by blocking the activation of NF-κB pathway. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21497. [PMID: 34152015 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202002402r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Despite the increasing understanding of the pathophysiology of hepatic fibrosis, the therapies to combat it remain inadequate. Fluorofenidone (AKF-PD) is a novel pyridone agent able to ameliorate hepatic fibrosis in an experimental hepatic fibrosis model induced by dimethylnitrosamine. However, the underlying mechanism remains to be further elucidated. In light of the critical role of the NF-κB pathway in inflammation and hepatic fibrosis, together with the preliminary finding that AKF-PD decreases the release of proinflammatory cytokines in the endotoxemia and unilateral ureteral occlusion model, the aim of this study was to explore whether AKF-PD exerts an antifibrotic effect in hepatic fibrosis by inhibiting inflammation and suppressing the activation of the NF-κB pathway in vivo and in vitro. To test this possibility, the effect of AKF-PD on hepatic fibrosis models induced by both carbon tetrachloride (CCL4 ) and porcine serum (PS) was investigated. Our results showed that AKF-PD treatment ameliorated hepatic injury and fibrosis in both models. Furthermore, the administration of AKF-PD induced a robust anti-inflammatory reaction revealed by the downregulation of the proinflammatory cytokines as well as the suppression of the infiltration of inflammatory cells in the fibrotic liver. The analysis of the mechanism of action demonstrated that the attenuation of the production of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines mediated by AKF-PD in vivo and in vitro were accompanied by the suppression in the activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway. In conclusion, AKF-PD might be considered as an antifibrotic agent attenuating hepatic inflammation and fibrosis potentially through the suppression of the NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha Tu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, P.R. China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Organ Fibrosis, Central South University, Changsha, P.R. China
| | - Yanzhi Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, P.R. China
| | - Haihua Cheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, P.R. China
| | - Xiangning Yuan
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Organ Fibrosis, Central South University, Changsha, P.R. China
| | - Ying He
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, P.R. China
| | - Yu Peng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, P.R. China
| | - Xiongqun Peng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changsha Central Hospital, Changsha, P.R. China
| | - Zhangzhe Peng
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Organ Fibrosis, Central South University, Changsha, P.R. China.,Department of Nephrology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, P.R. China
| | - Lijian Tao
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Organ Fibrosis, Central South University, Changsha, P.R. China.,Department of Nephrology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, P.R. China
| | - Huixiang Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, P.R. China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Organ Fibrosis, Central South University, Changsha, P.R. China
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Yang H, Zhang W, Xie T, Wang X, Ning W. Fluorofenidone inhibits apoptosis of renal tubular epithelial cells in rats with renal interstitial fibrosis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 52:e8772. [PMID: 31664306 PMCID: PMC6826897 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20198772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the mechanism of fluorofenidone (AKF-PD) in treating renal interstitial fibrosis in rats with unilateral urinary obstruction (UUO). Thirty-two male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into sham, UUO, UUO + enalapril, and UUO + AKF-PD groups. All rats, except sham, underwent left urethral obstruction surgery to establish the animal model. Rats were sacrificed 14 days after surgery, and serum was collected for renal function examination. Kidneys were collected to observe pathological changes. Immunohistochemistry was performed to assess collagen I (Col I) protein expression, and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated nick end-labeling staining to observe the apoptosis of renal tubular epithelial cells. The expression of Fas-associated death domain (FADD), apoptotic protease activating factor-1 (Apaf-1), and C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) proteins was evaluated by immunohistochemistry and western blot analysis. AKF-PD showed no significant effect on renal function in UUO rats. The pathological changes were alleviated significantly after enalapril or AKF-PD treatment, but with no significant differences between the two groups. Col I protein was overexpressed in the UUO group, which was inhibited by both enalapril and AKF-PD. The number of apoptotic renal tubular epithelial cells was much higher in the UUO group, and AKF-PD significantly inhibited epithelial cells apoptosis. The expression of FADD, Apaf-1, and CHOP proteins was significantly upregulated in the UUO group and downregulated by enalapril and AKF-PD. In conclusion, AKF-PD improved renal interstitial fibrosis by inhibiting apoptosis of renal tubular epithelial cells in rats with UUO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Yang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Weiru Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Tingting Xie
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xuan Wang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wangbin Ning
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Zheng L, Zhang J, Yuan X, Tang J, Qiu S, Peng Z, Yuan Q, Xie Y, Mei W, Tang Y, Meng J, Hu G, Tao L. Fluorofenidone attenuates interleukin-1β production by interacting with NLRP3 inflammasome in unilateral ureteral obstruction. Nephrology (Carlton) 2018; 23:573-584. [PMID: 28437591 DOI: 10.1111/nep.13062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2017] [Revised: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Linfeng Zheng
- Department of Nephrology Medicine, Xiangya Hospital; Central South University; Changsha Hunan China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Department of Nephrology Medicine, Xiangya Hospital; Central South University; Changsha Hunan China
| | - Xiangning Yuan
- Department of Nephrology Medicine, Xiangya Hospital; Central South University; Changsha Hunan China
| | - Juan Tang
- Department of Nephrology Medicine, Xiangya Hospital; Central South University; Changsha Hunan China
| | - Sisi Qiu
- Department of Gastroenterology Medicine, Xiangya Hospital; Central South University; Changsha Hunan China
| | - Zhangzhe Peng
- Department of Nephrology Medicine, Xiangya Hospital; Central South University; Changsha Hunan China
| | - Qiongjing Yuan
- Department of Nephrology Medicine, Xiangya Hospital; Central South University; Changsha Hunan China
| | - Yanyun Xie
- Department of Nephrology Medicine, Xiangya Hospital; Central South University; Changsha Hunan China
| | - Wenjuan Mei
- Department of Nephrology Medicine; First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University; Nanchang Jiangxi China
| | - Yiting Tang
- Department of Nephrology Medicine, Xiangya Hospital; Central South University; Changsha Hunan China
| | - Jie Meng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital; Central South University; Changsha Hunan China
| | - Gaoyun Hu
- Department of Medical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Central South University; Changsha Hunan China
| | - Lijian Tao
- Department of Nephrology Medicine, Xiangya Hospital; Central South University; Changsha Hunan China
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Hatanaka Y, Inoue S, Goto K, Yasuda N, Hidaka S, Kitano T. Vitamin E-Coated Polysulfone Membrane-Based Hemodiafiltration Attenuates Inflammation in a Rat Model of Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Systemic Inflammation. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2017; 42:465-472. [PMID: 29234179 PMCID: PMC5722964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute blood purification (ABP) therapy is used regularly in the clinical setting and reportedly alleviates organ failure associated with severe systemic inflammatory responses, leading to reduced mortality. The present study aimed to determine whether there is a difference in efficacy between polysulfone (PS) membranes, which are currently used regularly in the clinical setting, and vitamin E-coated polysulfone (VEPS) membranes, which are anticipated to exhibit the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of vitamin E. METHODS Male Wistar rats (n=15/group) were intravenously administered 10 mg/kg of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to establish a systemic inflammatory response model. Six hours after LPS administration, hemodiafiltration (HDF) was performed for 30 minutes using a PS or VEPS membrane under general anesthesia. Blood was collected at various time points, lung tissue was evaluated histologically, and 24-hour survival was assessed. RESULTS The rats in the VEPS group tended to have a higher survival rate than those in the PS group when undergoing HDF, although the difference was not significant. With respect to lung tissue, the inflammatory response was suppressed to a greater extent in the VEPS group than the PS group. Serum interleukin (IL)-6 levels were reduced at an early stage, plasma antioxidant activity was increased, and oxidative stress was reduced in the VEPS group compared to the PS group. CONCLUSION Relative to PS membrane-based HDF, the survival rate tended to improve and inflammation was subdued earlier due to the antioxidant activity and early attenuation of inflammation associated with VEPS membrane-based HDF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Hatanaka
- Medical Material Laboratory, Asahi Kasei Medical Company, Oaza-Sato, Oita, Japan,Correspondence: Yoshihiro Hatanaka, PhD; Medical Material Laboratory, Asahi Kasei Medical Co., Ltd., 2111-2, Oaza-sato, Oita 870-0396, Japan Tel: +81 97 5931698 Fax: + 81 97 5927012
| | - Satoru Inoue
- Medical Material Laboratory, Asahi Kasei Medical Company, Oaza-Sato, Oita, Japan
| | - Koji Goto
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Idaigaoka-Hasamamachi, Yufu City, Oita, Japan
| | - Norihisa Yasuda
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Idaigaoka-Hasamamachi, Yufu City, Oita, Japan
| | - Seigo Hidaka
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Idaigaoka-Hasamamachi, Yufu City, Oita, Japan
| | - Takaaki Kitano
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Idaigaoka-Hasamamachi, Yufu City, Oita, Japan
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Sharma M, Mohapatra J, Malik U, Nagar J, Chatterjee A, Ramachandran B, Jain MR. Effect of pioglitazone on metabolic features in endotoxemia model in obese diabetic db/db mice. J Diabetes 2017; 9:613-621. [PMID: 27530729 DOI: 10.1111/1753-0407.12450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Revised: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infectious diseases are more frequent in diabetic patients, leading to increased morbidity and mortality. Endotoxemia affects glucose metabolism and lipolytic capacity. The aims of the present study were to determine whether endotoxemia exacerbates metabolic features (adipose inflammation, adipogenesis, and insulin resistance [IR]) in an animal model of diabetes (i.e. db/db mice) after acute infection and the effects of pioglitazone. METHODS Female db/db mice treated with pioglitazone (3 and 30 mg/kg, p.o.) for 14 days were challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 200 μg/kg), followed by an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to evaluate the expression of genes in white adipose tissue (WAT) involved in: (i) adipogenesis (lipoprotein lipase [Lpl], fatty acid binding protein-4 [Ap2] and adiponectin [Adipoq]); (ii) insulin signaling (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma [Pparg], suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 [Socs3], solute carrier family 2 [facilitated glucose transporter], member 4 [Slc2a4]); and (iii) inflammation (tumor necrosis factor [Tnf], interleukin-6 [Il6], monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 [Ccl2], cyclo-oxygenase-2 [prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2; Ptgs2]). RESULTS Experimental endotoxemia downregulated mRNA expression of Pparg, Slc2a4, Adipoq, Lpl, and Ap2, which coincided with upregulation of Il6, Tnf, Ccl2, Ptgs2, and Socs3 expression. Pioglitazone dose-dependently decreased Tnf, Il6, Ccl2, Ptgs2, and Socs3 expression in WAT, in association with upregulation of Lpl, Ap2, Slc2a4, and Adipoq expression, indicating improvement in endotoxin-induced IR. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that LPS challenge exacerbates IR in db/db mice by altering the expression of genes in WAT involved in adipogenesis and inflammation, which is effectively controlled by pioglitazone treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoranjan Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Zydus Research Centre, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Jogeswar Mohapatra
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Zydus Research Centre, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Umar Malik
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Zydus Research Centre, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Jignesh Nagar
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Zydus Research Centre, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Abhijit Chatterjee
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Zydus Research Centre, Ahmedabad, India
| | | | - Mukul R Jain
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Zydus Research Centre, Ahmedabad, India
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Wu YH, Li XW, Li WQ, Li XH, Li YJ, Hu GY, Liu ZQ, Li D. Fluorofenidone attenuates bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis by inhibiting eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3a (eIF3a) in rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2016; 773:42-50. [PMID: 26821114 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Revised: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Fluorofenidone is a novel derivative of l-mimosine. It has remarkable anti-fibrotic properties. In this study, we established that fluorofenidone ameliorates pulmonary fibrosis (PF) both in vivo and in vitro by specifically inhibiting the expression of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3a (eIF3a). eIF3a plays an important role in the development and progression of PF. An animal model of PF was induced by intratracheal instillation of bleomycin (5mg/kg) in rats. Rats were orally administered with fluorofenidone (250, 500 mg/kg/d·[i.g.]) and pirfenidone (500 mg/kg/d·[i.g.]) for 28 days. Primary pulmonary fibroblasts were cultured to determine the effect of fluorofenidone on TGF-β1-induced (5 ng/ml) proliferation and differentiation of fibroblasts. The expression/level of eIF3a, TGF-β1, α-SMA, collagen I, and collagen III were analyzed by ELISA, real-time PCR, and western blot. The cell proliferation rate was determined by MTS assay. The results indicate that fluorofenidone significantly improves the pathological changes in lung tissues and reduces the deposition of collagen by inhibiting eIF3a in rats with bleomycin-induced PF. Moreover, in a culture of pulmonary fibroblasts, fluorofenidone decreased the up-regulation of TGF-β1-induced eIF3a by inhibiting the proliferation of cells and reducing the expression of α-SMA, collagen I, and collagen III. These findings suggest that eIF3a is a new and special target of fluorofenidone, which could be potentially used in the development of a drug that treats PF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue-Han Wu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xian-Wei Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui Province, China
| | - Wen-Qun Li
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Li
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yuan-Jian Li
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Gao-Yun Hu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhao-Qian Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Dai Li
- National Institution of Drug Clinical Trial, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
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11
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The Protective Mechanism of Fluorofenidone in Renal Interstitial Inflammation and Fibrosis. Am J Med Sci 2015; 350:195-203. [PMID: 26035627 DOI: 10.1097/maj.0000000000000501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deregulated inflammation has been implicated in the development of renal interstitial fibrosis and progressive renal failure. Previous work has established that fluorofenidone, a pyridone agent, attenuates renal fibrosis. However, the mechanism by which fluorofenidone prevents renal fibrosis remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the in vivo effects of fluorofenidone on unilateral ureteral obstruction-induced fibrosis and the involved molecular mechanism in mouse peritoneal macrophages. METHODS Renal fibrosis was induced in rat by unilateral ureteral obstruction for 3, 7 or 14 days. Ipsilateral kidneys were harvested for morphologic analysis. Leukocyte infiltration was assessed by immunohistochemistry staining. The expression of chemokines (MCP-1, RANTAS, IP-10, MIP-1α and MIP-1β) and pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-1β) was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and real-time polymerase chain reaction. Mouse peritoneal macrophages and HK-2 cells were incubated with necrotic MES-13 cells or TNF-α in the presence or absence of fluorofenidone. The production of MCP-1 was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and phosphorylation of ERK1/2, p38 and JNK was quantified by Western blot. RESULTS Fluorofenidone treatment hampered renal pathologic change and interstitial collagen deposition. Leukocyte infiltration and the expression of chemokines (MCP-1, RANTES, IP-10, MIP-1α and MIP-1β) and pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1α) in kidney were significantly reduced by fluorofenidone treatment. Mechanistically, fluorofenidone significantly inhibited TNF-α or necrotic cell-induced activation of MAP kinase pathways in vitro. CONCLUSIONS Fluorofenidone serves as a novel anti-inflammatory agent that attenuates ureteral obstruction-induced renal interstitial inflammation and fibrosis, possibly through the inhibition of the microtubule-associated protein kinase pathways.
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12
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Tang J, Liu CY, Lu MM, Zhang J, Mei WJ, Yang WJ, Xie YY, Huang L, Peng ZZ, Yuan QJ, Liu JS, Hu GY, Tao LJ. Fluorofenidone protects against renal fibrosis by inhibiting STAT3 tyrosine phosphorylation. Mol Cell Biochem 2015; 407:77-87. [PMID: 26033204 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-015-2456-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Accepted: 05/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Signaling through the Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription (JAK/STAT) pathway, especially JAK2/STAT3, is involved in renal fibrosis. Fluorofenidone (FD), a novel pyridone agent, exerts anti-fibrotic effects in vitro and in vivo. Herein, we sought to investigate whether FD demonstrates its inhibitory function through preventing JAK2/STAT3 pathway. In this study, we examined the effect of FD on activation of rat renal interstitial fibroblasts, glomerular mesangial cells (GMC), and expression of JAK2/STAT3. Moreover, we explored the histological protection effects of FD in UUO rats, db/db mice, and phosphorylation of JAK2/STAT3 cascade. Our studies found that pretreatment with FD resulted in blockade of activation of fibroblast and GMC manifested by fibronectin (FN) and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) protein expression and decline of STAT3 tyrosine phosphorylation induced by IL-6 or high glucose. In unilateral ureteral obstruction rats and a murine model of spontaneous type 2 diabetes (db/db mice), treatment with FD blocked the expression of FN and α-SMA, prevented renal fibrosis progression, and attenuated STAT3 activation. However, FD administration did not interfere with JAK2 activation both in vivo and in vitro. In summary, the molecular mechanism by which FD exhibits renoprotective effects appears to involve the inhibition of STAT3 phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Tang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
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13
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Fluorofenidone inhibits macrophage IL-1β production by suppressing inflammasome activity. Int Immunopharmacol 2015; 27:148-53. [PMID: 25983199 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2015.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Revised: 03/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) is a potent pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic cytokine that plays an important role in renal fibrosis. Fluorofenidone (AKF-PD) is a novel pyridone agent that exerts a strong renal anti-fibrotic effect. We previously found that administration of AKF-PD could significantly attenuate IL-1β production in vitro and in vivo. However, the underlying mechanism is not fully understood. Here we show that AKF-PD has no effect on the expression of pro-IL-1β in activated mouse macrophages in vitro. Instead, AKF-PD inhibits the inflammasome, lowering caspase-1 levels and thereby decreasing cleavage of pro-IL-1β into IL-1β. AKF-PD was found to block inflammasome activity induced by various signals, including ATP, alum crystals, and Salmonella typhimurium. These results provide a novel mechanistic insight into how AKF-PD exerts its anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic activities, and suggest that AKF-PD might block IL-1β production via suppression of inflammasomes in renal fibrosis. In addition, the results suggest that AKF-PD may be of therapeutic potential in other inflammasome-related diseases.
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14
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15
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Li XW, Du J, Hu GY, Hu CP, Li D, Li YJ, Li XH. Fluorofenidone attenuates vascular remodeling in hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension of rats. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2014; 92:58-69. [DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2013-0056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Fluorofenidone (AKF-PD) is a novel pyridone derivate that targets transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) signaling. Previous studies have proven that AKF-PD functions as an antifibrotic agent in pulmonary fibrosis and renal fibrosis models. Activated TGF-β1 signaling is thought to be a major feature of pulmonary hypertension (PH). TGF-β1 exerts powerful pro-proliferation effects on pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs), and hence, prompts vascular remodeling. This study is designed to investigate the effect of AKF-PD on vascular remodeling in a rat model of hypoxia-induced PH. PH was induced in rats by 4 weeks of hypoxia. The expression of TGF-β1, collagen I, and collagen III was analyzed by ELISA, immunohistochemistry, real-time PCR, or Western blot. Proliferation of cultured PASMCs was determined by the BrdU incorporation method and flow cytometry. The results showed that AKF-PD treatment (0.5 or 1.0 g·(kg body mass)·d−1) for 4 weeks attenuated pulmonary vascular remodeling and improved homodynamic parameters. TGF-β1 level was significantly down-regulated by AKF-PD both in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, hypoxia- and TGF-β1-induced PASMC proliferation and collagen expression were both significantly suppressed by AKF-PD. These results suggest that AKF-PD ameliorates the progression of PH induced by hypoxia in rats through its regulation of TGF-β1 expression, PASMC proliferation, and the extracellular matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Wei Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Xiang-Ya Road No. 110, Changsha 410078, China
- Department of Pharmacology, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Jie Du
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Xiang-Ya Road No. 110, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Gao-Yun Hu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Chang-Ping Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Xiang-Ya Road No. 110, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Dai Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 41008, China
| | - Yuan-Jian Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Xiang-Ya Road No. 110, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Xiang-Ya Road No. 110, Changsha 410078, China
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Liu JS, Jung F, Yang SH, Chou SSP, Huang JL, Lu CL, Huang GL, Yang PC, Lin JC, Jow GM. FJU-C4, a new 2-pyridone compound, attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced systemic inflammation via p38MAPK and NF-κB in mice. PLoS One 2013; 8:e82877. [PMID: 24376600 PMCID: PMC3871526 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0082877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2013] [Accepted: 11/06/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite advances in antibiotic therapy and intensive care, the mortality caused by systemic inflammatory response syndrome and severe sepsis remains high. The use of anti-inflammatory agents to attenuate inflammatory response during acute systemic inflammatory reactions may improve survival rates. Here we show that a newly synthesized 2-pyridone compound (FJU-C4) can suppress the expression of late inflammatory mediators such as iNOS and COX-2 in murine macrophages. The pro-inflammatory cytokines, including TNFα, IL-1β, and IL-6, were dose-dependently suppressed by FJU-C4 both in mRNA and protein levels. In addition, the expression of TNFα was inhibited from as early as 2 hours after exposure to LPS stimulation. The production of mature pro-inflammatory cytokines was also suppressed by pretreatment with FJU-C4 in either cell culture medium or mice serum when stimulated by LPS. FJU-C4 prolongs mouse survival and prevents mouse death from LPS-induced systemic inflammation when the dose of FJU-C4 is over 5 mg/kg. The activities of ERK, JNK, and p38MAPK were induced by LPS stimulation on murine macrophage cell line, but only p38MAPK signaling was dramatically suppressed by pretreatment with the FJU-C4 compound in a dose-dependent manner. NF-κB activation also was suppressed by FJU-C4 compound. These findings suggest that the FJU-C4 compound may act as a promising therapeutic agent against inflammatory diseases by inhibiting the p38MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Sen Liu
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Fang Jung
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Hsing Yang
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Jhih-Liang Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Lin Lu
- Department of Chemistry, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Guan-Lin Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pan-Chyr Yang
- School of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jau-Chen Lin
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Guey-Mei Jow
- School of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei, Taiwan
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17
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Zhu W, Shen J, Li Q, Pei Q, Chen J, Chen Z, Liu Z, Hu G. Synthesis, pharmacophores, and mechanism study of pyridin-2(1H)-one derivatives as regulators of translation initiation factor 3A. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2013; 346:654-66. [PMID: 23959654 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201300138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2013] [Revised: 06/19/2013] [Accepted: 06/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Twenty-seven 1,5-disubstituted-pyridin-2(1H)-one derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for their anti-cancer and anti-fibrosis activity by A549 and NIH3T3 cell viability assays, respectively. To study the selectivity between the cancer and fibrosis cell lines, pharmacophore models (F1-F4) were built in advance for compounds with pyridin-2(1H)-one scaffold, which revealed the relationship between the occupation of the aromatic sub-site F4 and potent anti-cancer activity. The relationship between structure and anti-cancer activity for all target compounds is also reported herein: 1-Phenyl-5-((m-tolylamino)methyl)pyridine-2(1H)-one (22) displayed both potency and selectivity (IC50=0.13 mM) toward the A549 cell line through the inhibition of translation initiation, especially by eIF3a suppression, and can be treated as a lead for the design of novel eIF3a regulators and anti-lung cancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixing Zhu
- Chemistry Section, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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18
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Chen N, Liu D, Soromou LW, Sun J, Zhong W, Guo W, Huo M, Li H, Guan S, Chen Z, Feng H. Paeonol suppresses lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory cytokines in macrophage cells and protects mice from lethal endotoxin shock. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2013; 28:268-76. [PMID: 23413967 DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2012] [Revised: 12/04/2012] [Accepted: 01/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Paeonol (2'-hydroxy-4'-methoxyacetophenone) is the main phenolic compound of the radix of Paeonia suffruticosa which has been used as traditional Chinese medicine. In this study, we primarily investigated the anti-inflammatory effects and the underlying mechanisms of paeonol in RAW macrophage cells; and based on these effects, we assessed the protective effects of paeonol on lipopolysaccharide-induced endotoxemia in mice. The in vitro study showed that paeonol regulated the production of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-10 via inactivation of IκBα, ERK1/2, JNK, and p38 MAPK. In mouse model of lipopolysaccharide-induced endotoxemia, pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines are significantly regulated, and thus the survival rates of lipolysaccharide-challenged mice are improved by paeonol (150, 200, or 250 mg/kg). Therefore, paeonol has a beneficial activity against lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation in RAW 264.7 cell and mouse models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Chen
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
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Fluorofenidone Attenuates Bleomycin-Induced Pulmonary Inflammation and Fibrosis in Mice Via Restoring Caveolin 1 Expression and Inhibiting Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Signaling Pathway. Shock 2012; 38:567-73. [DOI: 10.1097/shk.0b013e31826fe992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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20
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Yuan Q, Wang R, Peng Y, Fu X, Wang W, Wang L, Zhang F, Peng Z, Ning W, Hu G, Wang Z, Tao L. Fluorofenidone attenuates tubulointerstitial fibrosis by inhibiting TGF-β(1)-induced fibroblast activation. Am J Nephrol 2011; 34:181-94. [PMID: 21791914 DOI: 10.1159/000329080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2011] [Accepted: 04/30/2011] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Novel therapeutic agents are urgently needed to combat renal fibrosis. The purpose of this study was to assess, using complete unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) in rats, whether fluorofenidone (AKF-PD) [1-(3-fluorophenyl)-5-methyl-2-(1H)-pyridone] inhibits renal fibrosis, and to determine whether it exerts its inhibitory function on renal fibroblast activation. METHODS Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: sham operation, UUO and UUO/AKF-PD (500 mg/kg/day). Renal function, tubulointerstitium damage index score, extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition, and the expressions of TGF-β(1), collagen III, α-SMA, p-Smad2, p-Smad3, p-ERK1/2, p-JNK and p-p38 were measured. In addition, the expressions of α-SMA, fibronectin, CTGF, p-Smad2/3, p-ERK1/2, p-p38 and p-JNK were measured in TGF-β(1)-stimulated normal rat renal fibroblasts (NRK-49F). RESULTS AKF-PD treatment significantly attenuated tubulointerstitium damage, ECM deposition, the expressions of TGF-β(1), collagen III, α-SMA, p-ERK1/2, p-p38 and p-JNK in vivo. In vitro, AKF-PD dose-dependently inhibited expressions of α-SMA, fibronectin and CTGF. Furthermore, AKF-PD did not inhibit Smad2/3 phosphorylation or nuclear accumulation, but rather attenuated ERK, p38 and JNK activation. CONCLUSION AKF-PD treatment inhibits the progression of renal interstitial fibrosis in obstructed kidneys; this is potentially achieved by suppressing fibroblast activation. Therefore, AKF-PD is a special candidate for the treatment of renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiongjing Yuan
- Division of Nephrology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Ning WB, Hu GY, Peng ZZ, Wang L, Wang W, Chen JY, Zheng X, Li J, Tao LJ. Fluorofenidone inhibits Ang II-induced apoptosis of renal tubular cells through blockage of the Fas/FasL pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2011; 11:1327-32. [PMID: 21586345 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2011.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2011] [Revised: 04/21/2011] [Accepted: 04/25/2011] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The present study was designed to investigate the inhibitory effects of fluorofenidone on Ang II-induced apoptosis in renal tubular cells and the related signaling pathway. METHODS Rat proximal tubular epithelial cells (NRK-52E) were used to examine the anti-apoptosis effects of fluorofenidone. Cell proliferation was assessed by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium assay. Apoptosis was examined by AO/EB staining and TUNEL assay. The expression of Fas/FasL pathway members, including Fas, FasL, Bax, Bcl-2, Caspase-8, and Caspase-3 was detected by real-time RT-PCR and/or Western blot, respectively. The activity of Caspase-8 and Caspase-3 was detected by spectrophotometry. RESULTS Fluorofenidone didn't affect the proliferation of NRK-52E cells, but significantly inhibited the apoptosis of NRK-52E cells induced by Ang II. Fluorofenidone significantly reduced Ang II-induced increases in Fas, FasL, Bax, Caspase-8 and Caspase-3 at the mRNA level. Consistent with these observations, fluorofenidone also prevented Ang II-mediated up-regulation of FasL and Bax at the protein level. Additionally, Ang II-induced activation of Caspase-8 and Caspase-3 as well as Ang II-initiated downregulation of Bcl-2 at both mRNA and protein levels was all prevented by fluorofenidone. CONCLUSIONS Fluorofenidone can inhibit Ang II-induced apoptosis of renal tubular cells through blockage of the Fas/FasL pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang-bin Ning
- Division of Rheumatology & Immunology, Department of Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
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Embry CA, Franchi L, Nuñez G, Mitchell TC. Mechanism of impaired NLRP3 inflammasome priming by monophosphoryl lipid A. Sci Signal 2011; 4:ra28. [PMID: 21540455 PMCID: PMC3249414 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2001486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Monophosphoryl lipid A (MLA), a nontoxic derivative of the endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS), has been approved in the United States for use as a vaccine adjuvant. LPS and MLA are ligands of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), and it has been unclear why LPS triggers toxic inflammation, whereas MLA generates safe and effective immunostimulation. Signaling downstream of TLR4 is mediated by the adaptor proteins TRIF [Toll-interleukin-1 (IL-1) receptor (TIR) domain-containing adaptor-inducing interferon-β], which is required for adaptive immune outcomes, and MyD88 (myeloid differentiation marker 88), which is responsible for many proinflammatory effects. Two models have provided nonexclusive explanations for the differential effects of LPS and MLA. According to the first model, MLA fails to induce maturation of the proinflammatory cytokine IL-1β because it fails to activate caspase-1, which is required for the conversion of pro-IL-1β into its bioactive form. The second model suggests that MLA triggers unequal engagement of both of the signaling adaptor pathways of TLR4, such that signaling mediated by TRIF is largely intact, whereas signaling mediated by MyD88 is incomplete. We show that the TRIF-biased signaling that is characteristic of low-toxicity MLA explains its failure to activate caspase-1. Defective induction of NLRP3, which depends on MyD88, led to decreased assembly of components of the IL-1β-activating inflammasome required for the activation of preformed, inactive procaspase-1. In addition, we elucidated the contributions of MyD88 and TRIF to priming of the NLRP3 inflammasome and demonstrated that TRIF-biased TLR4 activation by MLA was responsible for the defective production of mature IL-1β.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea A. Embry
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Institute for Cellular Therapeutics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, 570 South Preston Street, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Luigi Franchi
- Department of Pathology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Gabriel Nuñez
- Department of Pathology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Thomas C. Mitchell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Institute for Cellular Therapeutics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, 570 South Preston Street, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
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Carvalho V, Castanheira P, Madureira P, Ferreira SA, Costa C, Teixeira JP, Faro C, Vilanova M, Gama M. Self-assembled dextrin nanogel as protein carrier: controlled release and biological activity of IL-10. Biotechnol Bioeng 2011; 108:1977-86. [PMID: 21391205 DOI: 10.1002/bit.23125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2010] [Revised: 02/23/2011] [Accepted: 02/28/2011] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin-10 (IL-10) is an anti-inflammatory cytokine, which active form is a non-covalent homodimer. Given the potential of IL-10 for application in various medical conditions, it is essential to develop systems for its effective delivery. In previous work, it has been shown that a dextrin nanogel effectively incorporated and stabilized rIL-10, enabling its release over time. In this work, the delivery system based on dextrin nanogels was further analyzed. The biocompatibility of the nanogel was comprehensively analyzed, through cytotoxicity (lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, MTS, Live, and Dead) and genotoxicity (comet) assays. The release profile of rIL-10 and its biological activity were evaluated in vivo, using C57BL/6 mice. Although able to maintain a stable concentration of IL-10 for at least 4 h in mice serum, the amount of protein released was rather low. Despite this, the amount of rIL-10 released from the complex was biologically active inhibiting TNF-α production, in vivo, by LPS-challenged mice. In spite of the significant stabilization achieved using the nanogel, rIL-10 still denatures rather quickly. An additional effort is thus necessary to develop an effective delivery system for this cytokine, able to release active protein over longer periods of time. Nevertheless, the good biocompatibility, the protein stabilization effect and the ability to perform as a carrier with controlled release suggest that self-assembled dextrin nanogels may be useful protein delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Carvalho
- Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Centre of Biological Engineering, Universidade do Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
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