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Wu J, Qiao Y, Jin W, Jia F, Wang Z, Li L, Cheng F, Zhao W, Cheng Y, Zhao L, Li Y, Yun S, Cao J, Feng C. Metabolomics and 16S rDNA sequencing of intestinal flora reveal the regulation of Sparassis latifolia polysaccharides on splenic immune function in lead-exposed mice. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 280:136084. [PMID: 39353525 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.136084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2024] [Revised: 09/24/2024] [Accepted: 09/25/2024] [Indexed: 10/04/2024]
Abstract
Sparassis latifolia polysaccharides (SLPs) have immunomodulatory activity and lead excretion ability, but its regulatory mechanism through the gut microbiota-spleen axis has not been elucidated. In this study, spleen metabolomics and intestinal flora sequencing were combined to explore the regulatory mechanism of SLPs on spleen immune function in lead-exposed mice. The results showed that SLPs effectively reduced spleen lead content, alleviated spleen enlargement and oxidative stress. SLPs changed glycerophospholipid metabolism, increased lysophosphatidylcholine content and inhibited the expression of G2A, ERK2 and NF-kB genes and the phosphorylation of ERK2 and NF-kB in lead-exposed mice. Furthermore, SLPs inhibited potential intestinal pathogens such as Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1, Lachnospiraceae, Oscillospiraceae and Alistipes_indistinctus, which were positively correlated with phosphatidylethanolamine metabolites. In addition, SLPs reduced the spleen tissue damage of lead-exposed mice by co-housing, and reduced the relative abundance of Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1, Prevotellaceae, and RF39, which were positively correlated with spleen enlargement, and inhibited the expression of ERK2/NF-κB signaling pathway-related genes such as G2A, ERK2 and Fas. In summary, SLPs can reduce the relative abundance of pathogenic microorganisms by regulating the structure of intestinal flora, regulate the glycerophospholipid metabolism of spleen in lead-exposed mice, alleviate oxidative damage and inflammatory response, and restore spleen immune function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaman Wu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China
| | - Yaoyao Qiao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China
| | - Wen Jin
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China
| | - Fengying Jia
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China
| | - Zheming Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China
| | - Liang Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China
| | - Feier Cheng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China
| | - Wenfei Zhao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China
| | - Yanfen Cheng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China
| | - Li Zhao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China
| | - Yong Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China
| | - Shaojun Yun
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China
| | - Jinling Cao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China.
| | - Cuiping Feng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China.
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Rainer H, Goretzki A, Lin YJ, Schiller HR, Krause M, Döring S, Strecker D, Junker AC, Wolfheimer S, Toda M, Scheurer S, Schülke S. Characterization of the Immune-Modulating Properties of Different β-Glucans on Myeloid Dendritic Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:9914. [PMID: 39337403 PMCID: PMC11433108 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25189914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2024] [Revised: 09/10/2024] [Accepted: 09/11/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
In allergen-specific immunotherapy, adjuvants are explored for modulating allergen-specific Th2 immune responses to re-establish clinical tolerance. One promising class of adjuvants are β-glucans, which are naturally derived sugar structures and components of dietary fibers that activate C-type lectin (CLR)-, "Toll"-like receptors (TLRs), and complement receptors (CRs). We characterized the immune-modulating properties of six commercially available β-glucans, using immunological (receptor activation, cytokine secretion, and T cell modulating potential) as well as metabolic parameters (metabolic state) in mouse bone marrow-derived myeloid dendritic cells (mDCs). All tested β-glucans activated the CLR Dectin-1a, whereas TLR2 was predominantly activated by Zymosan. Further, the tested β-glucans differentially induced mDC-derived cytokine secretion and activation of mDC metabolism. Subsequent analyses focusing on Zymosan, Zymosan depleted, β-1,3 glucan, and β-1,3 1,6 glucan revealed robust mDC activation with the upregulation of the cluster of differentiation 40 (CD40), CD80, CD86, and MHCII to different extents. β-glucan-induced cytokine secretion was shown to be, in part, dependent on the activation of the intracellular Dectin-1 adapter molecule Syk. In co-cultures of mDCs with Th2-biased CD4+ T cells isolated from birch allergen Bet v 1 plus aluminum hydroxide (Alum)-sensitized mice, these four β-glucans suppressed allergen-induced IL-5 secretion, while only Zymosan and β-1,3 glucan significantly suppressed allergen-induced interferon gamma (IFNγ) secretion, suggesting the tested β-glucans to have distinct effects on mDC T cell priming capacity. Our experiments indicate that β-glucans have distinct immune-modulating properties, making them interesting adjuvants for future allergy treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Rainer
- Section Molecular Allergology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, 63225 Langen, Germany
| | - Alexandra Goretzki
- Section Molecular Allergology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, 63225 Langen, Germany
| | - Yen-Ju Lin
- Section Molecular Allergology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, 63225 Langen, Germany
| | - Hannah Ruth Schiller
- Section Research Allergology, Division of Allergology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, 63225 Langen, Germany
| | - Maren Krause
- Section Molecular Allergology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, 63225 Langen, Germany
| | - Sascha Döring
- Section Research Allergology, Division of Allergology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, 63225 Langen, Germany
| | - Daniel Strecker
- Section Research Allergology, Division of Allergology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, 63225 Langen, Germany
| | | | - Sonja Wolfheimer
- Section Molecular Allergology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, 63225 Langen, Germany
| | - Masako Toda
- Laboratory of Food and Biomolecular Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8576, Japan
| | - Stephan Scheurer
- Section Molecular Allergology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, 63225 Langen, Germany
| | - Stefan Schülke
- Section Molecular Allergology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, 63225 Langen, Germany
- Section Research Allergology, Division of Allergology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, 63225 Langen, Germany
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Huang X, Yang Q, Chang S, Liu Y, Wang X, Liu Z, Ren J. Potential osteoporosis-blocker Sparassis crispa polysaccharide: Isolation, purification and structure elucidation. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 261:129879. [PMID: 38311133 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the structural characterization of water-soluble polysaccharides from Sparassis crispa and their effects on the proliferation and differentiation of mouse osteoblasts. Three fractions (F-1, F-2, and F-3) were obtained from crude polysaccharides by a DEAE-52 cellulose column. The main fraction (F-1) was further purified by polysaccharide gel purification systems to obtain purified water-soluble Sparassis crispa polysaccharide (SCPS). The chemical structure of SCPS was analyzed by gas chromatography, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, methylation analysis, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The monosaccharide compositional analysis revealed that SCPS consisted of fucose, arabinose, galactose, glucose, xylose, mannose, ribose, galacturonic acid, glucuronic acid, and mannuronic acid in a molar ratio of 17.37:1.94:25.52:30.83:1.14:0.30:4.98:2.87:2.65. Moreover, the backbone of SCPS was composed of →3)-β-d-Glcp-(1→4)-β-d-Glcp-(1→, with side chains attached to the backbone at the O-6 positions through the →3,6)-β-d-Glcp-(1→ linkage. The in vitro experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of SCPS on the proliferation and differentiation of mouse osteoblasts. The results showed that SCPS significantly enhanced the proliferation and differentiation of mouse osteoblasts, indicating their potential as a pharmaceutical agent for promoting osteoblast proliferation and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Huang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Forestry Edible Resources Safety and Processing, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, No. 498, Shaoshan Road, Changsha, Hunan 410004, China; Edible Fungi Institute, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Qiao Yang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Forestry Edible Resources Safety and Processing, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, No. 498, Shaoshan Road, Changsha, Hunan 410004, China
| | - Songlin Chang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Forestry Edible Resources Safety and Processing, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, No. 498, Shaoshan Road, Changsha, Hunan 410004, China
| | - Yingwei Liu
- Edible Fungi Institute, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Edible Fungi Institute, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Zhuxiang Liu
- College of Biological Resources and Environmental Sciences, Jishou University, Jishou, Hunan 416000, China.
| | - Jiali Ren
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Forestry Edible Resources Safety and Processing, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, No. 498, Shaoshan Road, Changsha, Hunan 410004, China.
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The Effect of Novel Selenopolysaccharide Isolated from Lentinula edodes Mycelium on Human T Lymphocytes Activation, Proliferation, and Cytokines Synthesis. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12121900. [PMID: 36551328 PMCID: PMC9776057 DOI: 10.3390/biom12121900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Polysaccharides isolated from Lentinula edodes are bioactive compounds with immunomodulatory properties. In our previous studies from L. edodes mycelium, we have isolated a selenium(Se)-enriched fraction (named Se-Le-30), a mixture of linear 1,4-α-glucan and linear 1,3-β- and 1,6-β-glucans. In this study, we analyzed the effects of Se-Le-30 on the activation and proliferation of human T lymphocytes stimulated by anti-CD3 and anti-CD3/CD28 antibodies (Abs) and on the production of cytokines by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Se-Le-30 had effects on T cell proliferation induced by Abs against CD3 and CD28. It significantly inhibited the proliferation of CD3-stimulated CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and enhanced the proliferation of CD4+ T cells stimulated with anti-CD3/CD28 Ab. Moreover, Se-Le-30 downregulated the number of CD3-stimulated CD4+CD69+ cells, CD4+CD25+ cells, as well as CD8+CD25+ cells, and upregulated the expression of CD25 marker on CD4+ and CD8+ T cells activated with anti-CD3/CD28 Abs. Furthermore, Se-Le-30 enhanced the synthesis of IFN-γ by the unstimulated and anti-CD3/CD28-stimulated PBMCs, inhibited synthesis of IL-2 and IL-4 by CD3-stimulated cells, and augmented the synthesis of IL-6 and IL-10 by unstimulated, CD3-stimulated, and CD3/CD28-stimulated PBMCs. Together, we demonstrated that Se-Le-30 exerts immunomodulatory effects on human T lymphocytes. These observations are of importance for the prospective use of Se-Le-30 in research or as a therapeutic compound.
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Sharma N, Tapwal A, Verma R, Kumar D, Nepovimova E, Kuca K. Medicinal, nutritional, and nutraceutical potential of Sparassis crispa s. lat.: a review. IMA Fungus 2022; 13:8. [PMID: 35513833 PMCID: PMC9074205 DOI: 10.1186/s43008-022-00095-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Sparassis crispa is an edible mushroom exhibiting a wide range of medicinal properties. It is recognized for therapeutic value because of the high β-glucan content in the basidiomes. The broad range of its reported curative effects include anti-tumour, anti-cancer, immune-enhancing, hematopoietic, anti-angiogenic, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, wound-healing, antioxidant, anti-coagulant, and anti-hypertensive properties. However, most of the studies are conducted on immunomodulatory and anticancer activities. Besides this, it also exhibits anti-microbial properties due to the presence of sparassol. Technology is now available for the cultivation of S. crispa on coniferous sawdust. This review is an attempt to focus on its distribution, taxonomy, chemical composition, medicinal properties, potential applications, and artificial cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Sharma
- Himalayan Forest Research Institute, Conifer Campus, Panthaghati, Shimla, 171013, India
| | - Ashwani Tapwal
- Himalayan Forest Research Institute, Conifer Campus, Panthaghati, Shimla, 171013, India.
| | - Rachna Verma
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences , Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 173229, India.
| | - Dinesh Kumar
- School of Bioengineering and Food Technology, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences , Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 173229, India
| | - Eugenie Nepovimova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, 50003, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Kamil Kuca
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, 50003, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
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Liu J, Zhang X, Zhang J, Yan M, Li D, Zhou S, Feng J, Liu Y. Research on Extraction, Structure Characterization and Immunostimulatory Activity of Cell Wall Polysaccharides from Sparassis latifolia. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:549. [PMID: 35160537 PMCID: PMC8840611 DOI: 10.3390/polym14030549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The cell wall polysaccharides were extracted from Sparassis latifolia fruit bodies by acid-alkali and superfine-grinding assisted methods, and the chemical characterization and in vitro immunity activities of these polysaccharide fractions were studied and compared. Results showed that superfine-grinding assisted extraction exhibited the highest yield of polysaccharides (SP, 20.80%) and low β-glucan content (19.35%) compared with alkaline extracts. The results revealed that the 20% ethanol precipitated fraction (20E) from SP was mainly composed of β-(1→3)-glucan and α-(1→4)-glucan. With the increase of ethanol precipitation, the fractions (30E, 40E, 50E) were identified as α-(1→4)-glucan with different molecular weights and conformations. Cell wall polysaccharides extracted through NaOH (NSP) and KOH (KSP) extraction had similar yields with 8.90% and 8.83%, respectively. Structural analysis indicated that the purified fraction from KSP (KSP-30E) was a β-(1→3)-glucan backbone branched with β-(1→6)-Glcp, while the purified fraction from NSP (NSP-30E) mainly contained β-(1→3)-glucan with a small number of α-linked-Glcp. The two fractions both exhibited rigid chain conformation in aqueous solutions. All polysaccharide fractions exerted the activity of activating Dectin-1 receptor in vitro, and the KSP-30E mainly identified as β-(1→3)-glucan with the terminal group via 1→6-linkage attached at every third residue exhibited a stronger enhancing effect than other fractions. Results suggested that KOH extraction could be efficient for the preparation of bioactive β-(1→3, 1→6)-glucan as a food ingredient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Edible Fungi Resources and Utilization (South) Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Shanghai 201403, China; (J.L.); (X.Z.); (J.Z.); (M.Y.); (D.L.); (S.Z.); (J.F.)
- College of Food Science & Engineering, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Xuemeng Zhang
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Edible Fungi Resources and Utilization (South) Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Shanghai 201403, China; (J.L.); (X.Z.); (J.Z.); (M.Y.); (D.L.); (S.Z.); (J.F.)
- College of Food Science & Engineering, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Jingsong Zhang
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Edible Fungi Resources and Utilization (South) Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Shanghai 201403, China; (J.L.); (X.Z.); (J.Z.); (M.Y.); (D.L.); (S.Z.); (J.F.)
| | - Mengqiu Yan
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Edible Fungi Resources and Utilization (South) Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Shanghai 201403, China; (J.L.); (X.Z.); (J.Z.); (M.Y.); (D.L.); (S.Z.); (J.F.)
| | - Deshun Li
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Edible Fungi Resources and Utilization (South) Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Shanghai 201403, China; (J.L.); (X.Z.); (J.Z.); (M.Y.); (D.L.); (S.Z.); (J.F.)
| | - Shuai Zhou
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Edible Fungi Resources and Utilization (South) Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Shanghai 201403, China; (J.L.); (X.Z.); (J.Z.); (M.Y.); (D.L.); (S.Z.); (J.F.)
| | - Jie Feng
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Edible Fungi Resources and Utilization (South) Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Shanghai 201403, China; (J.L.); (X.Z.); (J.Z.); (M.Y.); (D.L.); (S.Z.); (J.F.)
| | - Yanfang Liu
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Edible Fungi Resources and Utilization (South) Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Shanghai 201403, China; (J.L.); (X.Z.); (J.Z.); (M.Y.); (D.L.); (S.Z.); (J.F.)
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Wang H, Xu X, Yin Z, Wang M, Wang B, Ma C, Wang J, Kang W. Activation of RAW264.7 cells by PCp-I, a polysaccharide from Psoralea corylifolia L, through NF- κB/MAPK signalling pathway. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2021; 35:20587384211010058. [PMID: 33855900 PMCID: PMC8058790 DOI: 10.1177/20587384211010058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
PCp-I is a polysaccharide isolated and identified from the Psoralea corylifolia L. by our research group. In this study, the immunomodulatory effects of PCp-I on RAW264.7 cells was evaluated. PCp-I could enhance the level of NO along with up-regulation of iNOS mRNA in RAW264.7 cells. The PCp-I could significantly up-regulate the mRNA expression of TNF-α and IL-6 in RAW264.7 cells, and then the expression of TNF-α, IL-6, ROS and the phagocytic activity were increased. Additionally, PCp-I could significantly up-regulate the phosphorylation level of p65, p38, ERK and JNK proteins, which proved that PCp-I could activate the macrophages by MAPKs and NF-κB signalling pathway and the TLR4 may be one of the receptors of PCp-I regulate the RAW264.7 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honglin Wang
- National R & D Center for Edible Fungus Processing Technology, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Food & Medicine Resource Function, Henan Province, Kaifeng, China
| | - Xiaoqing Xu
- National R & D Center for Edible Fungus Processing Technology, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Food & Medicine Resource Function, Henan Province, Kaifeng, China
| | - Zhenhua Yin
- National R & D Center for Edible Fungus Processing Technology, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.,Zhengzhou City Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources Research, Huanghe Science and Technology College, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Mengke Wang
- National R & D Center for Edible Fungus Processing Technology, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.,Kaifeng Key Laboratory of Functional Components in Health Food, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Baoguang Wang
- National R & D Center for Edible Fungus Processing Technology, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.,Kaifeng Key Laboratory of Functional Components in Health Food, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Changyang Ma
- National R & D Center for Edible Fungus Processing Technology, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Food & Medicine Resource Function, Henan Province, Kaifeng, China
| | - Jinmei Wang
- National R & D Center for Edible Fungus Processing Technology, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.,Kaifeng Key Laboratory of Functional Components in Health Food, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Wenyi Kang
- National R & D Center for Edible Fungus Processing Technology, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Food & Medicine Resource Function, Henan Province, Kaifeng, China
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Metabolomic analysis of antimicrobial mechanism of polysaccharides from Sparassis crispa based on HPLC-Q-TOF/MS. Carbohydr Res 2021; 503:108299. [PMID: 33836411 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2021.108299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Abuse of antibiotics makes antibiotic-resistance become a huge challenge in bacterial infection treatment. The discovery of new antibiotics is of great significance to human health. In this study, the antibacterial mechanism of Sparassis crispa polysaccharides (SCPs) was explored. The SCPs isolated from Sparassis crispa was composed of fucose, glucose and galactose with a molar ratio of 0.043 : 0.652: 0.305. Bacteriostatic tests showed SCPs inhibited the growth of Staphylococcus aureus better than Escherichia coli's, and damage to bacteria was observed under scanning electron microscopy. Metabolomic analysis based on HPLC-Q-TOF/MS indicated that SCPs disrupted metabolism of the glycolysis and tricarboxylic acid cycle pathways in S. aureus. The variations of fructose-1,6-diphosphate, 1,3-diphosphoglycerol, succinate and oxaloacetate were significant, whose systematic changes accompanied with decrease of ATP in cells indicated that SCPs could exert antibacterial effects by inducing dysfunction of catabolism and energy metabolism. Our research confirmed the antibacterial properties of SCPs and provided a perspective for understanding antibacterial mechanism of polysaccharides from natural products through metabolomics technology.
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Motta F, Gershwin ME, Selmi C. Mushrooms and immunity. J Autoimmun 2020; 117:102576. [PMID: 33276307 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2020.102576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In the wide field of nutraceuticals, the effects of mushrooms on immunity, cancer and including autoimmunity have been proposed for centuries but in recent years a growing interest has led scientists to elucidate which specific compounds have bioactive properties and through which mechanisms. Glucans and specific proteins are responsible for most of the biological effects of mushrooms, particularly in terms of immunomodulatory and anti-tumor results. Proteins with bioactive effects include lectins, fungal immunomodulatory proteins (FIPs), ribosome inactivating proteins (RIPs), ribonucleases, laccases, among others. At the present status of knowledge, numerous studies have been performed on cell lines and murine models while only a few clinical trials have been conducted. As in most cases of dietary components, the multitude of variables implicated in the final effect and an inadequate standardization are expected to affect the observed differences, thus making the available evidence insufficient to justify the treatment of human diseases with mushrooms extracts. We will herein provide a comprehensive review and critically discussion the biochemical changes induced by different mushroom compounds as observed in in vitro studies, particularly on macrophages, dendritic cells, T cells, and NK cells, compared to in vivo and human studies. Additional effects are represented by lipids which constitute a minor part of mushrooms but may have a role in reducing serum cholesterol levels or phenols acting as antioxidant and reducing agents. Human studies provide a minority of available data, as well illustrated by a placebo-controlled study of athletes treated with β-glucan from Pleurotus ostreatus. Variables influencing study outcomes include different mushrooms strains, growing conditions, developmental stage, part of mushroom used, extraction method, and storage conditions. We foresee that future rigorous research will be needed to determine the potential of mushroom compounds for human health to reproduce the effects of some compounds such as lentinan which a metaanalysis demonstrated to increase the efficacy of chemotherapy in the treatment of lung cancer and in the improvement of the patients quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Motta
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center IRCCS, Rozzano, Milan, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy
| | - M Eric Gershwin
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Carlo Selmi
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center IRCCS, Rozzano, Milan, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy.
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Bashiri S, Koirala P, Toth I, Skwarczynski M. Carbohydrate Immune Adjuvants in Subunit Vaccines. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E965. [PMID: 33066594 PMCID: PMC7602499 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12100965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Modern subunit vaccines are composed of antigens and a delivery system and/or adjuvant (immune stimulator) that triggers the desired immune responses. Adjuvants mimic pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) that are typically associated with infections. Carbohydrates displayed on the surface of pathogens are often recognized as PAMPs by receptors on antigen-presenting cells (APCs). Consequently, carbohydrates and their analogues have been used as adjuvants and delivery systems to promote antigen transport to APCs. Carbohydrates are biocompatible, usually nontoxic, biodegradable, and some are mucoadhesive. As such, carbohydrates and their derivatives have been intensively explored for the development of new adjuvants. This review assesses the immunological functions of carbohydrate ligands and their ability to enhance systemic and mucosal immune responses against co-administered antigens. The role of carbohydrate-based adjuvants/delivery systems in the development of subunit vaccines is discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahra Bashiri
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia; (S.B.); (P.K.)
| | - Prashamsa Koirala
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia; (S.B.); (P.K.)
| | - Istvan Toth
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia; (S.B.); (P.K.)
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Mariusz Skwarczynski
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia; (S.B.); (P.K.)
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Huo J, Wu J, Sun B, Zhao M, Sun W, Sun J, Huang M. Isolation, purification, structure characterization of a novel glucan from Huangshui, a byproduct of Chinese Baijiu, and its immunomodulatory activity in LPS-stimulated THP-1 cells. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 161:406-416. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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12
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Huo J, Wu J, Huang M, Zhao M, Sun W, Sun X, Zheng F. Structural characterization and immuno-stimulating activities of a novel polysaccharide from Huangshui, a byproduct of Chinese Baijiu. Food Res Int 2020; 136:109493. [PMID: 32846574 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Huangshui (HS), a byproduct of Baijiu, has been widely studied for the utilization of aromatic compounds and microorganisms. However, there is little information on the bioactive polysaccharides in HS. In this study, a novel complex polysaccharide (HSP-2) composed of mannose, glucose, galactose, arabinose, xylose, and rhamnose at approximate percentages of 53.0, 29.6, 11.5, 2.7, 2.1, and 1.0, respectively, was successfully extracted and purified from HS. The results of FT-IR, methylation analysis, and NMR showed that the backbone of HSP-2 was → 2)-β-D-Manp-(1 → 2,6)-β-D-Manp-(1 → 6)-α-D-Glcp-(1 → 4)-α-L-Rhap-(1 → 3,4)-α-L-Rhap-(1→. In addition, HSP-2 showed significant immuno-stimulating effects via increasing the ROS and NO generation, and enhancing the pinocytic and phagocytic capacities of THP-1 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Meanwhile, HSP-2 treatment increased IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β secretion through activating the expression of the related mRNAs and proteins. These results will provide a molecular basis for immuno-stimulating effects of HSP-2 and lay a foundation for the potential application of HS in functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaying Huo
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; Key Laboratory of Brewing Molecular Engineering of China Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Jihong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Brewing Molecular Engineering of China Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Mingquan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Brewing Molecular Engineering of China Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Mouming Zhao
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Weizheng Sun
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xiaotao Sun
- Key Laboratory of Brewing Molecular Engineering of China Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Fuping Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Brewing Molecular Engineering of China Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
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Sparassis crispa Intake Improves the Reduced Lipopolysaccharide-Induced TNF-α Production That Occurs upon Exhaustive Exercise in Mice. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11092049. [PMID: 31480668 PMCID: PMC6770847 DOI: 10.3390/nu11092049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous study showed that lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α production is inhibited by acute exhaustive exercise in mice, leading to transient immunodepression after exercise. Sparassis crispa (SC), an edible mushroom, has immunopotentiative properties. This study aimed to clarify the effects of SC intake on reduced LPS-induced TNF-α production upon exhaustive exercise in mice. Male C3H/HeN mice were randomly divided into three groups: normal chow intake + resting sedentary, normal chow intake + acute exhaustive treadmill running exercise, and SC intake (chow containing 5% SC powder for 8 weeks) + the exhaustive exercise groups. Each group was injected with LPS immediately after the exhaustive exercise or rest. Plasma and tissue TNF-α levels were significantly decreased by exhaustive exercise. However, this reduction of the TNF-α level was partially attenuated in the plasma and small intestine by SC intake. Although levels of TLR4 and MyD88 protein expression were significantly decreased in tissues by exhaustive exercise, the reduction of TLR4 and MyD88 levels in the small intestine was partially attenuated by SC intake. These results suggest that SC intake attenuates exhaustive exercise-induced reduction of TNF-α production via the retention of TLR4 and MyD88 expression in the small intestine.
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Duan GL, Yu XB. Isolation, purification, characterization, and antioxidant activity of low-molecular-weight polysaccharides from Sparassis latifolia. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 137:1112-1120. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.06.177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Wang Z, Liu J, Zhong X, Li J, Wang X, Ji L, Shang X. Rapid Characterization of Chemical Components in Edible Mushroom Sparassis crispa by UPLC-Orbitrap MS Analysis and Potential Inhibitory Effects on Allergic Rhinitis. Molecules 2019; 24:E3014. [PMID: 31434231 PMCID: PMC6720900 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24163014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Sparassis crispa is a kind of edible fungus widely grows in the north temperate zone, which shows various medicinal properties. Due to the complexity of chemical constitutes of this species, few investigations have acquired a comprehensive configuration for the chemical profile of it. In this study, a strategy based on ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) combined with Orbitrap mass spectrometer (MS) was established for rapidly characterizing various chemical components in S. crispa. Through the summarized MS/MS fragmentation patterns of reference compounds and systematic identification strategy, a total of 110 components attributed to six categories were identified for the first time. Moreover, allergic rhinitis (AR) is a worldwide inflammatory disease seriously affecting human health, and the development of drugs to treat AR has been a topic of interest. It has been reported that the extracts of S. crispa showed obvious inhibitory effects on degranulation of mast cell- and allergen-induced IgE and proinflammatory mediators, but the active components and specific mechanism were still not clear. Src family kinases (SFKs) participate in the initial stage of allergy occurrence, which are considered the targets of AR treatment. Herein, on the basis of that self-built chemical database, virtual screening was applied to predict the potential SFKs inhibitors in S. crispa, using known crystal structures of Hck, Lyn, Fyn, and Syk as receptors, followed by the anti-inflammatory activity evaluation for screened hits by intracellular calcium mobilization assay. As results, sparoside A was directly confirmed to have strong anti-inflammatory activity with an IC50 value of 5.06 ± 0.60 μM. This study provides a useful elucidation for the chemical composition of S. crispa, and demonstrated its potential inhibitory effects on AR, which could promote the research and development of effective agents from natural resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixin Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Functional Food, Beijing Union University, No.191 Beitucheng West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Jingyu Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, No. 1 Mingxian South Road, Taigu County, Jinzhong 030801, China
| | - Xiangjian Zhong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Functional Food, Beijing Union University, No.191 Beitucheng West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jinjie Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Functional Food, Beijing Union University, No.191 Beitucheng West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Functional Food, Beijing Union University, No.191 Beitucheng West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Linlin Ji
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Functional Food, Beijing Union University, No.191 Beitucheng West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xiaoya Shang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Functional Food, Beijing Union University, No.191 Beitucheng West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China.
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Effects of Sparassis crispa in Medical Therapeutics: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19051487. [PMID: 29772715 PMCID: PMC5983641 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19051487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the therapeutic potential and medical applications of Sparassis crispa (S. crispa) by conducting a systematic review of the existing literature and performing a meta-analysis. The original efficacy treatment of the mushroom extract is considered primarily and searched in electronic databases. A total of 623 articles were assessed, 33 randomized controlled experiments were included after the manual screening, and some papers, review articles, or editorials that did not contain data were excluded. A comparative standard means difference (SMD) and a funnel plot between control and S. crispa groups were used as parameters to demonstrate the beneficial effects of S. crispa for diabetes and cancer treatment, as well as anti-inflammatory, anti-fungal and antioxidant activities. The meta-analysis was carried out using Review Manager 5.1 software. Although for therapeutic diabetes there was heterogeneity in the subgroup analysis (I2 = 91.9%), the overall results showed statistically significant SMDs in major symptoms that decreased serum insulin levels (SMD = 1.92, 95% CI (1.10, 2.75), I2 = 0%), wound rates (SMD = 3.55 (2.56, 4.54), I2 = 40%) and contributions to an increase in nutrient intake content (SMD = 0.32 (−0.15, 0.78), I2 = 0%). Simultaneously, the study confirmed the utility of S. crispa treatment in terms of not only anti-cancer activity (reduction of tumor activity and survival of cancer cells I2 = 42 and 34%, respectively) but also anti-inflammatory, anti-fungal and antioxidant activities (I2 = 50, 44, and 10%, respectively). Our findings suggest that S. crispa extracts are useful for prevention and treatment of human diseases and might be the best candidates for future medicines.
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Cárdenas-Reyna T, Angulo C, Guluarte C, Hori-Oshima S, Reyes-Becerril M. In vitro immunostimulatory potential of fungal β-glucans in pacific red snapper (Lutjanus peru) cells. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 77:350-358. [PMID: 28888536 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2017.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This study attempts to describe the immunostimulatory effects of three fungal glucans on innate immunity responses in an in vitro assays using Pacific red snapper leukocytes. First, the yield glucans obtained was higher in Aspergillus niger, follow by Aspergillus ochraceus and Alternaria botrytis (40, 20 and 10%, respectively). Structural characterization of these fungal glucans by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) indicated structures containing (1-6)-branched (1-3)-β-D-glucan. The immunostimulatory activity of fungal glucans were assessed in head-kidney leukocytes at 24 h using colorimetric assays and molecular gene expression. In addition, the response against bacterial infection using Aeromonas hydrophila was evaluated by flow cytometry with annexin V/propidium iodide. Leukocytes responded positively to fungal glucans where the viability was higher than 80%. Interestingly, A. niger β-glucans enhanced the phagocytic ability and capacity in head-kidney leukocytes. Immunological assays reveled an increased in nitric oxide production, myeloperoxidase, superoxide dismutase and catalase activities, in fish stimulated with A. niger β-glucans. Induction of cytokines (IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8 and IL-12) were more pronounced in A. niger β-glucans leukocytes stimulated compared to other group. Finally, flow cytometry assay showed that A. botrytis and A. niger β-glucans were able to inhibit apoptosis caused by Aeromonas hydrophila in the Pacific red snapper leukocytes indicating an immunostimulant potent response by fungi derived-glucans. These results strongly support the idea that fungal β-glucans can stimulate the immune mechanism in head-kidney leukocytes and that Aspergillus niger β-glucan possess immunostimulatory properties cell increasing viability, and reducing necrotic cell death caused by Aeromonas hydrophila.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomás Cárdenas-Reyna
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Carretera San Felipe Km. 3.5, Fraccionamiento Laguna Campestre, Mexicali, Baja California 21386, Mexico
| | - Carlos Angulo
- Immunology & Vaccinology Group, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste (CIBNOR), Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, La Paz, BCS 23090, Mexico
| | - Crystal Guluarte
- Immunology & Vaccinology Group, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste (CIBNOR), Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, La Paz, BCS 23090, Mexico
| | - Sawako Hori-Oshima
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Carretera San Felipe Km. 3.5, Fraccionamiento Laguna Campestre, Mexicali, Baja California 21386, Mexico
| | - Martha Reyes-Becerril
- Immunology & Vaccinology Group, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste (CIBNOR), Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, La Paz, BCS 23090, Mexico.
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Ashigai H, Komano Y, Wang G, Kawachi Y, Sunaga K, Yamamoto R, Takata R, Miyake M, Yanai T. Polysaccharide from black currant ( Ribes nigrum L.) stimulates dendritic cells through TLR4 signaling. BIOSCIENCE OF MICROBIOTA FOOD AND HEALTH 2017; 36:141-145. [PMID: 29038769 PMCID: PMC5633528 DOI: 10.12938/bmfh.16-029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Black currant (Ribes nigrum) has various beneficial properties for human health. In particular, polysaccharide from black currant was found to be an immunostimulating food ingredient and was reported to have antitumor activity in a mouse model. We named it cassis polysaccharide (CAPS). In a previous study, CAPS administration caused tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) production in vitro and in vivo, but the immunological mechanism of CAPS was not demonstrated. In this study, we revealed the CAPS immunostimulating mechanism in vitro. First, we found that CAPS activated dendritic cells (DCs). Second, we investigated whether it depends on Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and myeloid differentiation primary response (Myd). We concluded that CAPS stimulates DCs through Myd88 depending TLR4 signaling and activates Th1-type cytokine release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Ashigai
- Research Laboratories for Health Science & Food Technologies, Kirin Company, Ltd., 1-17-1 Namamugi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-8628, Japan
| | - Yuta Komano
- Research Laboratories for Health Science & Food Technologies, Kirin Company, Ltd., 1-17-1 Namamugi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-8628, Japan
| | - Guanying Wang
- Research Laboratories for Health Science & Food Technologies, Kirin Company, Ltd., 1-17-1 Namamugi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-8628, Japan
| | - Yasuji Kawachi
- Research Laboratories for Health Science & Food Technologies, Kirin Company, Ltd., 1-17-1 Namamugi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-8628, Japan
| | - Kazuko Sunaga
- Marketing Department, Mercian Corporation, 4-10-2 Nakano, Nakano-ku, Tokyo 164-0001, Japan
| | - Reiko Yamamoto
- Research Laboratories for Wine Technologies, Kirin Company, Ltd., 4-9-1 Johnan, Fujisawa 251-0057, Japan
| | - Ryoji Takata
- Research Laboratories for Wine Technologies, Kirin Company, Ltd., 4-9-1 Johnan, Fujisawa 251-0057, Japan
| | - Mika Miyake
- Research Laboratories for Health Science & Food Technologies, Kirin Company, Ltd., 1-17-1 Namamugi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-8628, Japan
| | - Takaaki Yanai
- Research Laboratories for Wine Technologies, Kirin Company, Ltd., 4-9-1 Johnan, Fujisawa 251-0057, Japan
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Potential of glucans as vaccine adjuvants: A review of the α-glucans case. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 165:103-114. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Revised: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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21
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Wilbers RHP, Westerhof LB, van de Velde J, Smant G, van Raaij DR, Sonnenberg ASM, Bakker J, Schots A. Physical Interaction of T Cells with Dendritic Cells Is Not Required for the Immunomodulatory Effects of the Edible Mushroom Agaricus subrufescens. Front Immunol 2016; 7:519. [PMID: 27920777 PMCID: PMC5118454 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mushrooms are well known for their immunomodulating capacities. However, little is known about how mushroom-stimulated dendritic cells (DCs) affect T cells. Therefore, we investigated the effect of mushroom compounds derived from seven edible mushroom species on DCs, their fate in DCs, and the effect of the mushroom-stimulated DCs on T cells. Each mushroom species stimulated DCs in a different manner as was revealed from the DC’s cytokine response. Assessing DC maturation revealed that only one mushroom species, Agaricus subrufescens, induced complete DC maturation. The other six mushroom species upregulated MHC-II and CD86 expression, but did not significantly affect the expression of CD40 and CD11c. Nevertheless, mushroom compounds of all investigated mushroom species are endocytosed by DCs. Endocytosis is most likely mediated by C-type lectin receptors (CLRs) because CLR binding is Ca2+ dependent, and EGTA reduces TNF-α secretion with more than 90%. Laminarin partly inhibited TNF-α secretion indicating that the CLR dectin-1, among other CLRs, is involved in binding mushroom compounds. Stimulated DCs were shown to stimulate T cells; however, physical contact of DCs and T cells is not required. Because CLRs seem to play a prominent role in DC stimulation, mushrooms may function as a carbohydrate containing adjuvant to be used in conjunction with anti-fungal vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruud H P Wilbers
- Plant Sciences Group, Wageningen University and Research Centre , Wageningen , Netherlands
| | - Lotte B Westerhof
- Plant Sciences Group, Wageningen University and Research Centre , Wageningen , Netherlands
| | - Jan van de Velde
- Plant Sciences Group, Wageningen University and Research Centre , Wageningen , Netherlands
| | - Geert Smant
- Plant Sciences Group, Wageningen University and Research Centre , Wageningen , Netherlands
| | - Debbie R van Raaij
- Plant Sciences Group, Wageningen University and Research Centre , Wageningen , Netherlands
| | - Anton S M Sonnenberg
- Plant Sciences Group, Wageningen University and Research Centre , Wageningen , Netherlands
| | - Jaap Bakker
- Plant Sciences Group, Wageningen University and Research Centre , Wageningen , Netherlands
| | - Arjen Schots
- Plant Sciences Group, Wageningen University and Research Centre , Wageningen , Netherlands
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Curdlan activates dendritic cells through dectin-1 and toll-like receptor 4 signaling. Int Immunopharmacol 2016; 39:71-78. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2016.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Revised: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Liu L, Li H, Xu RH, Li PL. Expolysaccharides fromBifidobacterium animalisRH activates RAW 264.7 macrophages through toll-like receptor 4. FOOD AGR IMMUNOL 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/09540105.2016.1230599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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Byun EB, Jang BS, Byun EH, Sung NY. Immune Enhancing Activity of β-(1,3)-Glucan Isolated from Genus Agrobacterium in Bone-Marrow Derived Macrophages and Mice Splenocytes. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2016; 44:1009-26. [DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x16500567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
An effective method for activating macrophages and deriving a Th1 immune response could be used to improve the defenses of hosts. In this study, we investigated the immunomodulation effect and the related signaling mechanism of [Formula: see text]-(1,3)-glucan, isolated from the Agrobacterium species. Here, we found that [Formula: see text]-(1,3)-glucan predominantly induced the tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-[Formula: see text], interleukin (IL)-1[Formula: see text], IL-6, IL-12p70, and nitric oxide, which was dependent on mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) and nuclear factor (NF)-[Formula: see text]B signaling. Additionally, [Formula: see text]-(1,3)-glucan treatment significantly up-regulated the expression of the co-stimulatory molecules CD80 and CD86, and also significantly increased the expression of iNOS and Dectin-1, which is a transmembrane protein that binds [Formula: see text]-glucan and associates with macrophage activation. Importantly, the splenic T cells co-cultured with [Formula: see text]-(1,3)-glucan-treated macrophages produced the a Th1 cytokine profile that includes high levels of IFN-[Formula: see text], but not IL-4 (Th2 cytokine), indicating that [Formula: see text]-(1,3)-glucan contributes to Th1 polarization of the immune response. Taken together, our results suggest that [Formula: see text]-(1,3)-glucan isolated from Agrobacterium species can induce macrophage activation through the MAPK and NF-[Formula: see text]B signaling pathway, as well as Th1 polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eui-Baek Byun
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup 580-185, Republic of Korea
- Department of Radiation Biotechnology and Applied Radioisotope Science, University of Science and Technology, 217 Gajeong-Ro, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Beom-Su Jang
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup 580-185, Republic of Korea
- Department of Radiation Biotechnology and Applied Radioisotope Science, University of Science and Technology, 217 Gajeong-Ro, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Eui-Hong Byun
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Kongju National University, Yesan 340-800, Republic of Korea
| | - Nak-Yun Sung
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Kongju National University, Yesan 340-800, Republic of Korea
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Zhang X, Qi C, Guo Y, Zhou W, Zhang Y. Toll-like receptor 4-related immunostimulatory polysaccharides: Primary structure, activity relationships, and possible interaction models. Carbohydr Polym 2016; 149:186-206. [PMID: 27261743 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.04.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Revised: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 is an important polysaccharide receptor; however, the relationships between the structures and biological activities of TLR4 and polysaccharides remain unknown. Many recent findings have revealed the primary structure of TLR4/MD-2-related polysaccharides, and several three-dimensional structure models of polysaccharide-binding proteins have been reported; and these models provide insights into the mechanisms through which polysaccharides interact with TLR4. In this review, we first discuss the origins of polysaccharides related to TLR4, including polysaccharides from higher plants, fungi, bacteria, algae, and animals. We then briefly describe the glucosidic bond types of TLR4-related heteroglycans and homoglycans and describe the typical molecular weights of TLR4-related polysaccharides. The primary structures and activity relationships of polysaccharides with TLR4/MD-2 are also discussed. Finally, based on the existing interaction models of LPS with TLR4/MD-2 and linear polysaccharides with proteins, we provide insights into the possible interaction models of polysaccharide ligands with TLR4/MD-2. To our knowledge, this review is the first to summarize the primary structures and activity relationships of TLR4-related polysaccharides and the possible mechanisms of interaction for TLR4 and TLR4-related polysaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaorui Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, PR China
| | - Chunhui Qi
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, PR China
| | - Yan Guo
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, PR China
| | - Wenxia Zhou
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, PR China.
| | - Yongxiang Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, PR China.
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Meng X, Liang H, Luo L. Antitumor polysaccharides from mushrooms: a review on the structural characteristics, antitumor mechanisms and immunomodulating activities. Carbohydr Res 2016; 424:30-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2016.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 299] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Revised: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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A study of facial wrinkles improvement effect of veratric acid from cauliflower mushroom through photo-protective mechanisms against UVB irradiation. Arch Dermatol Res 2016; 308:183-92. [PMID: 26914455 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-016-1633-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Revised: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Solar ultraviolet (UV) irradiation is a primary cause of premature skin aging that is closely associated with the degradation of collagens caused by up-regulation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) or a decrease in collagen synthesis. The phenolic veratric acid (VA, 3,4-dimethoxybenzoic acid) is one of the major benzoic acid derivatives from fruits, vegetables and medicinal mushrooms. VA has been reported to have anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and photo-protective effects. In this study, anti-photoaging effects were investigated through the photo-protective mechanisms of VA against UV irradiation in human dermal fibroblasts and the reconstructed human epidermal model. We used reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, Western blot analysis, hematoxylin and eosin staining (H&E) and immunohistochemistry assays. Finally, we further investigated the clinical effects of VA on facial wrinkle improvements in humans. Our results demonstrate that VA attenuated the expression of MMPs, increased cell proliferation, type Ι procollagen, tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases, and filaggrin against UV radiation; however, has no effect on improvement expressions of elastic fiber. In addition, treatment with cream containing VA improved facial wrinkles in a clinical trial. These findings indicate that VA improves wrinkle formation by modulating MMPs, collagens and epidermal layer integrity, suggesting its potential use in UV-induced premature skin aging.
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β-(1,3)-glucan isolated from Agrobacterium species induces maturation of bone marrow-derived dendritic cells and drives Th1 immune responses. Food Sci Biotechnol 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10068-015-0197-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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Ryu HS, Lee HK, Kim JS, Kim YG, Pyo M, Yun J, Hwang BY, Hong JT, Kim Y, Han SB. Saucerneol D inhibits dendritic cell activation by inducing heme oxygenase-1, but not by directly inhibiting toll-like receptor 4 signaling. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 166:92-101. [PMID: 25792017 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2014] [Revised: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/08/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Saururus chinensis is a medicinal plant used to treat jaundice, pneumonia, edema, fever, and several inflammatory diseases. Saucerneol D (SD), a lignan constituent of this plant, has antioxidant, anti-asthmatic, and anti-inflammatory activities. SD has been previously reported to inhibit the pro-inflammatory responses of RAW264.7 cells and primary mast cells. In this study, we investigated the effect of SD on the functions of dendritic cells (DCs). MATERIALS AND METHODS SD was isolated from methanol extract of the roots of S. chinensis. Bone marrow-derived DCs were used as target cells. The effects of SD on the following DC functions were examined: surface molecule expression, cytokine expression, migration, allogenic T cell activation, heme oxygenase-1 expression, and Toll-like receptor 4 signaling. RESULTS In lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated DCs, SD inhibited the expression of cell surface molecules (MHC I/II, CD40, CD80, and CD86), the production of inflammatory mediators (nitric oxide, IL-12, IL-1β, and TNF-α), and allogenic T cell activation capacity. SD also inhibited DC migration toward MIP-3β by down-regulating CCR7 expression. SD attenuated LPS-induced activation of NF-κB and MAPK signaling in DCs, but did not directly inhibit kinase activities of IRAK1, IRAK4, TAK1, or IKKβ in enzymatic assays. SD did not inhibit LPS binding to myeloid differentiation protein-2, co-receptor of TLR4. SD increased the production of reactive oxygen species, Nrf-2, and heme oxygenase (HO)-1, which degrades the heme to immunosuppressive carbon monoxide and biliverdin, which may underlie the anti-inflammatory effects in SD-treated DCs. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these data suggest that SD suppresses LPS-induced activation of DCs through the induction of HO-1, but not by directly affecting Toll-like receptor 4 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwa Sun Ryu
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 362-763, South Korea
| | - Hong Kyung Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 362-763, South Korea
| | - Ji Sung Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 362-763, South Korea
| | - Yong Guk Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 362-763, South Korea
| | - Minji Pyo
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 362-763, South Korea
| | - Jieun Yun
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Ochang, Chungbuk 363-883, South Korea
| | - Bang Yeon Hwang
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 362-763, South Korea
| | - Jin Tae Hong
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 362-763, South Korea
| | - Youngsoo Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 362-763, South Korea
| | - Sang-Bae Han
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 362-763, South Korea.
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Kim YD, Bae CH, Song SY, Choi YS. Effect of β-glucan on MUC4 and MUC5B expression in human airway epithelial cells. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 2015; 5:708-15. [PMID: 26010124 DOI: 10.1002/alr.21549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2014] [Revised: 03/22/2015] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND β-Glucan is found in the cell walls of fungi, bacteria, and some plant tissues, and is detected by the innate immune system. Furthermore, this recognition is known to worsen respiratory symptoms in patients with allergic and inflammatory airway diseases. However, the means by which β-glucan affects the secretion of major mucins by human airway epithelial cells has not been elucidated. Therefore, in this study, the effect and signaling pathway of β-glucan on mucins MUC4 and MUC5B were investigated in human airway epithelial cells. METHODS In NCI-H292 cells and human normal nasal epithelial cells, the effect and signaling pathway of β-glucan on MUC4 and MUC5B expression were investigated using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), real-time PCR, enzyme immunoassay, and immunoblot analysis with specific inhibitors and small interfering RNA (siRNA). RESULTS β-Glucan increased MUC4 and MUC5B expression and activated the phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB). SB203580 (a p38 MAPK inhibitor) and pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC; a NF-κB inhibitor) inhibited β-glucan-induced MUC4 and MUC5B expression. In addition, siRNA knockdown of p38 MAPK blocked β-glucan-induced MUC4 and MUC5B mRNA expression and β-glucan-activated phosphorylation of NF-κB. Furthermore, Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) mRNA expression was increased by β-glucan, and siRNA knockdown of TLR4 blocked β-glucan-induced MUC4 and MUC5B mRNA expression and β-glucan-activated phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and NF-κB. CONCLUSION These results demonstrate that in human airway epithelial cells β-glucan induces MUC4 and MUC5B expression via the TLR4-p38 MAPK-NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Dae Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,Regional Center for Respiratory Diseases, Yeungnam University Medical Center, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Hoon Bae
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Si-Youn Song
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Seok Choi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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31
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Na BI, Lee JW. Kinetic study on the dilute acid catalyzed hydrolysis of waste mushroom medium. J IND ENG CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2014.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Kim EJ, Yoo KH, Kim YS, Seok SJ, Kim JH. Biological Activities of Wild Sparassis crispa Extracts. 한국균학회지 2015. [DOI: 10.4489/kjm.2015.43.1.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Yamamoto K, Shichiri H, Uda A, Yamashita K, Nishioka T, Kume M, Makimoto H, Nakagawa T, Hirano T, Hirai M. Apoptotic Effects of the Extracts of Cordyceps militaris
via Erk Phosphorylation in a Renal Cell Carcinoma Cell Line. Phytother Res 2015; 29:707-13. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Revised: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Yamamoto
- Department of Pharmacy; Kobe University Hospital; 7-5-2 Kusunoki-cho Chuo-ku Kobe 650-0017 Japan
| | - Hiroaki Shichiri
- Division of Pharmacokinetics, Department of Internal Related; Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine; 7-5-2 Kusunoki-cho Chuo-ku Kobe 650-0017 Japan
| | - Atsushi Uda
- Department of Pharmacy; Kobe University Hospital; 7-5-2 Kusunoki-cho Chuo-ku Kobe 650-0017 Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Yamashita
- Department of Pharmacy; Kobe University Hospital; 7-5-2 Kusunoki-cho Chuo-ku Kobe 650-0017 Japan
| | - Tatsuya Nishioka
- Department of Pharmacy; Kobe University Hospital; 7-5-2 Kusunoki-cho Chuo-ku Kobe 650-0017 Japan
| | - Manabu Kume
- Department of Pharmacy; Kobe University Hospital; 7-5-2 Kusunoki-cho Chuo-ku Kobe 650-0017 Japan
| | - Hiroo Makimoto
- Department of Pharmacy; Kobe University Hospital; 7-5-2 Kusunoki-cho Chuo-ku Kobe 650-0017 Japan
| | - Tsutomu Nakagawa
- Department of Pharmacy; Kobe University Hospital; 7-5-2 Kusunoki-cho Chuo-ku Kobe 650-0017 Japan
- Division of Pharmacokinetics, Department of Internal Related; Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine; 7-5-2 Kusunoki-cho Chuo-ku Kobe 650-0017 Japan
| | - Takeshi Hirano
- Department of Pharmacy; Kobe University Hospital; 7-5-2 Kusunoki-cho Chuo-ku Kobe 650-0017 Japan
- Division of Pharmacokinetics, Department of Internal Related; Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine; 7-5-2 Kusunoki-cho Chuo-ku Kobe 650-0017 Japan
| | - Midori Hirai
- Department of Pharmacy; Kobe University Hospital; 7-5-2 Kusunoki-cho Chuo-ku Kobe 650-0017 Japan
- Division of Pharmacokinetics, Department of Internal Related; Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine; 7-5-2 Kusunoki-cho Chuo-ku Kobe 650-0017 Japan
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Park MJ, Ryu HS, Kim JS, Lee HK, Kang JS, Yun J, Kim SY, Lee MK, Hong JT, Kim Y, Han SB. Platycodon grandiflorum polysaccharide induces dendritic cell maturation via TLR4 signaling. Food Chem Toxicol 2014; 72:212-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2014.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Revised: 07/05/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Park Y, Ryu HS, Lee HK, Kim JS, Yun J, Kang JS, Hwang BY, Hong JT, Kim Y, Han SB. Tussilagone inhibits dendritic cell functions via induction of heme oxygenase-1. Int Immunopharmacol 2014; 22:400-8. [PMID: 25091622 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2014.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Revised: 07/19/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Sesquiterpenoid tussilagone (TUS) has a variety of pharmacological activities, such as anti-oxidant, anti-cancer, and anti-inflammatory activities. In this study, we investigated the effects of TUS on dendritic cell (DC) functions and the underlying mechanisms. TUS inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced activation of DCs, as shown by decrease in surface molecule expression, cytokine production, cell migration, and allo-T cell activation. In addition, TUS inhibited LPS-induced activation of NF-κB, MAPKs, and IRF-3 signalings in DCs, although it did not directly affect kinase activities of IRAK1/4, TAK1, and IKK, which suggests that TUS might indirectly inhibit TLR signaling in DCs. As a critical mechanism, we showed that TUS activated heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), which degrades heme to immunosuppressive products, such as carbon monoxide and bilirubin. HO-1 inhibitor reversed the inhibitory activity of TUS in DCs. In conclusion, this study suggests that TUS inhibits DC function through the induction of HO-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunsoo Park
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 361-763, South Korea
| | - Hwa Sun Ryu
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 361-763, South Korea
| | - Hong Kyung Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 361-763, South Korea
| | - Ji Sung Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 361-763, South Korea
| | - Jieun Yun
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Ochang, Chungbuk 363-883, South Korea
| | - Jong Soon Kang
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Ochang, Chungbuk 363-883, South Korea
| | - Bang Yeon Hwang
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 361-763, South Korea
| | - Jin Tae Hong
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 361-763, South Korea
| | - Youngsoo Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 361-763, South Korea
| | - Sang-Bae Han
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 361-763, South Korea.
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Validation of cyclooxygenase-2 as a direct anti-inflammatory target of 4-O-methylhonokiol in zymosan-induced animal models. Arch Pharm Res 2014; 38:813-25. [PMID: 25074039 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-014-0456-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
4-O-methylhonokiol (MH) is known to inhibit inflammation by partially understood mechanisms. Here, the anti-inflammatory mechanisms of MH were examined using enzymatic, cellular, and animal assays. In enzymatic assays, MH inhibited COX-2 activity with an IC50 of 0.062 μM, and also COX-1 with an IC50 of 2.4 μM. In cellular assays, MH was immunotoxic above 10 μM. At non-toxic concentrations (below 3 μM), MH strongly inhibited COX-2-mediated prostaglandin production with an IC50 of 0.1 μM, whereas did not or slightly affect other functions of B cells, T cells, dendritic cells, and macrophages. In an animal model, MH inhibited the increase in footpad thickness and popliteal lymph node weight in zymosan-injected mice. When analyzed the draining pLNs of zymosan-injected mice on day 5, MH inhibited the overall inflammatory responses. However, MH inhibited cyclooxygenase (COX)-2-mediated prostaglandin production without affecting tumor necrosis factor-α production in inflamed tissues within 6 h after zymosan injection. In summary, our data suggest that COX-2 may be a direct anti-inflammatory target of MH in vitro and in vivo.
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Bisabolangelone inhibits dendritic cell functions by blocking MAPK and NF-κB signaling. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 59:26-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2013] [Revised: 04/26/2013] [Accepted: 05/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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38
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Kim SR, Kang HW, Ro HS. Generation and Evaluation of High β-Glucan Producing Mutant Strains of Sparassis crispa. MYCOBIOLOGY 2013; 41:159-63. [PMID: 24198672 PMCID: PMC3817232 DOI: 10.5941/myco.2013.41.3.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2013] [Revised: 06/10/2013] [Accepted: 06/24/2013] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
A chemical mutagenesis technique was employed for development of mutant strains of Sparassis crispa targeting the shortened cultivation time and the high β-glucan content. The homogenized mycelial fragments of S. crispa IUM4010 strain were treated with 0.2 vol% methyl methanesulfonate, an alkylating agent, yielding 199 mutant strains. Subsequent screening in terms of growth and β-glucan content yielded two mutant strains, B4 and S7. Both mutants exhibited a significant increase in β-glucan productivity by producing 0.254 and 0.236 mg soluble β-glucan/mg dry cell weight for the B4 and S7 strains, respectively, whereas the wild type strain produced 0.102 mg soluble β-glucan/mg dry cell weight. The results demonstrate the usefulness of chemical mutagenesis for generation of mutant mushroom strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Rak Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Research Institute of Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Korea
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Antagonist effects of veratric acid against UVB-induced cell damages. Molecules 2013; 18:5405-19. [PMID: 23666007 PMCID: PMC6270131 DOI: 10.3390/molecules18055405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2013] [Revised: 05/03/2013] [Accepted: 05/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV) radiation induces DNA damage, oxidative stress, and inflammatory processes in human epidermis, resulting in inflammation, photoaging, and photocarcinogenesis. Adequate protection of skin against the harmful effect of UV irradiation is essential. In recent years naturally occurring herbal compounds such as phenolic acids, flavonoids, and high molecular weight polyphenols have gained considerable attention as beneficial protective agents. The simple phenolic veratric acid (VA, 3,4-dimethoxybenzoic acid) is one of the major benzoic acid derivatives from vegetables and fruits and it also occurs naturally in medicinal mushrooms which have been reported to have anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant activities. However, it has rarely been applied in skin care. This study, therefore, aimed to explore the possible roles of veratric acid in protection against UVB-induced damage in HaCaT cells. Results showed that veratric acid can attenuate cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs) formation, glutathione (GSH) depletion and apoptosis induced by UVB. Furthermore, veratric acid had inhibitory effects on the UVB-induced release of the inflammatory mediators such as IL-6 and prostaglandin-E2. We also confirmed the safety and clinical efficacy of veratric acid on human skin. Overall, results demonstrated significant benefits of veratric acid on the protection of keratinocyte against UVB-induced injuries and suggested its potential use in skin photoprotection.
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Choi WS, Shin PG, Bok YY, Jun NH, Kim GD. Anti-inflammatory effects of Sparassis crispa extracts. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.14480/jm.2013.11.1.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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41
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Natural products and biological activity of the pharmacologically active cauliflower mushroom Sparassis crispa. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:982317. [PMID: 23586068 PMCID: PMC3613060 DOI: 10.1155/2013/982317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2012] [Accepted: 02/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Sparassis crispa, also known as cauliflower mushroom, is an edible mushroom with medicinal properties. Its cultivation became popular in Japan about 10 years ago, a phenomenon that has been attributed not only to the quality of its taste, but also to its potential for therapeutic applications. Herein, I present a comprehensive summary of the pharmacological activities and mechanisms of action of its bioactive components, such as beta-glucan, and other physiologically active substances. In particular, the immunomodulatory mechanisms of the beta-glucan components are presented herein in detail.
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A polysaccharide isolated from Pueraria lobata enhances maturation of murine dendritic cells. Int J Biol Macromol 2013; 52:184-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2012.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2012] [Revised: 09/12/2012] [Accepted: 09/15/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Shin BR, Kim HS, Yun MJ, Lee HK, Kim YJ, Kim SY, Lee MK, Hong JT, Kim Y, Han SB. Promoting effect of polysaccharide isolated from Mori fructus on dendritic cell maturation. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 51:411-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2012.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2012] [Revised: 10/17/2012] [Accepted: 10/18/2012] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Dendritic cell activation by polysaccharide isolated from Angelica dahurica. Food Chem Toxicol 2012; 55:241-7. [PMID: 23246459 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2012.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2012] [Revised: 12/04/2012] [Accepted: 12/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Angelica dahurica is used in functional foods for the prevention and treatment of various diseases, such as inflammation and cancer. In the present study, we examined the effect of A. dahurica polysaccharide (ADP) on dendritic cell (DC) maturation. ADP increased the expressions of CD86 and MHC-II molecules, the production of IL-12, IL-1β, and TNF-α, and allogeneic T cell activation ability of DCs, and reduced DC endocytosis. As a mechanism of action, the knockdown of TLR4 with small interfering RNA decreased the ADP-induced production of nitric oxide and IL-12 by DCs, suggesting the membrane receptor candidate of ADP. After binding to TLR4, ADP increased the phosphorylation of ERK, JNK, and p38 MAPKs, and the nuclear translocation of NF-κB p50/p65. These results indicate that ADP activates DCs through TLR4 and downstream signalings.
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The regulatory effect of veratric acid on NO production in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophage cells. Cell Immunol 2012; 280:164-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2012.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2012] [Revised: 12/10/2012] [Accepted: 12/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Kim HS, Kim YJ, Lee HK, Ryu HS, Kim JS, Yoon MJ, Kang JS, Hong JT, Kim Y, Han SB. Activation of macrophages by polysaccharide isolated from Paecilomyces cicadae through toll-like receptor 4. Food Chem Toxicol 2012; 50:3190-7. [PMID: 22687552 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2012.05.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2012] [Revised: 05/28/2012] [Accepted: 05/29/2012] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Paecilomyces cicadae have been reported to have immunomodulatory properties. In this study, we investigated the effect of polysaccharide (PCP) isolated from P. cicadae on the macrophages. PCP increased the production of nitric oxide (NO) and the gene expression of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in RAW 264.7 cells. To investigate the membrane receptor, we examined the effect of PCP on primary macrophages isolated from wild type C3H/HeN and C3H/HeJ mice having mutant-TLR4. PCP induced NO production and cytokine gene expression in macrophages from C3H/HeN, but not from tlr4-mutated C3H/HeJ mice, which suggests that TLR4 is the membrane receptor for PCP. PCP induced the phosphorylation of ERK, JNK, and p38, and the nuclear translocation of NF-κB p50/p65, which are the main signaling molecules downstream from TLR4. Among them, p38 and NF-κB signaling played a crucial role in PCP-induced NO production by macrophages. These results indicate that PCP activates macrophages through the TLR4 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung Sook Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center (CICT), Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 361-763, South Korea
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Yeang HXA, Hamdam JM, Al-Huseini LMA, Sethu S, Djouhri L, Walsh J, Kitteringham N, Park BK, Goldring CE, Sathish JG. Loss of transcription factor nuclear factor-erythroid 2 (NF-E2) p45-related factor-2 (Nrf2) leads to dysregulation of immune functions, redox homeostasis, and intracellular signaling in dendritic cells. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:10556-10564. [PMID: 22311972 PMCID: PMC3322986 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.322420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are critical mediators of immunity and immune tolerance by orchestrating multiple aspects of T cell activation and function. Immature DCs (iDCs) expressing low levels of co-stimulatory receptors are highly efficient at antigen capture but are poor activators of T cells. Maturation of DCs is associated with increased expression of co-stimulatory molecules. Co-stimulatory receptor gene expression is regulated by intracellular redox, NF-κB, and MAPK pathways and by histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity. The transcription factor, Nrf2, is important for maintaining intracellular glutathione (GSH) levels and redox homeostasis and has been implicated in modulating DC co-stimulatory receptor expression. It is unclear whether Nrf2 mediates this effect by GSH-dependent mechanisms and whether it influences DC signaling pathways. Using bone marrow-derived iDCs from Nrf2+/+ and Nrf2−/− mice, we demonstrate that Nrf2−/− iDCs have lower basal GSH levels, enhanced co-stimulatory receptor expression, impaired phagocytic functions, and increased antigen-specific CD8 T cell stimulation capacity. Interestingly, lowering GSH levels in Nrf2+/+ iDCs did not recapitulate the Nrf2−/− iDC phenotype. Loss of Nrf2 resulted in elevated basal levels of reactive oxygen species but did not affect basal NF-κB activity or p38 MAPK phosphorylation. Using pharmacological inhibitors, we demonstrate that enhanced co-stimulatory receptor phenotype of Nrf2−/− iDC does not require ERK activity but is dependent on HDAC activity, indicating a potential interaction between Nrf2 function and HDAC. These results suggest that Nrf2 activity is required to counter rises in intracellular reactive oxygen species and to regulate pathways that control DC co-stimulatory receptor expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Xian Aw Yeang
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Research Council Centre for Drug Safety Science, University of Liverpool, Sherrington Buildings, Ashton Street, Liverpool L69 3GE, United Kingdom
| | - Junnat M Hamdam
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Research Council Centre for Drug Safety Science, University of Liverpool, Sherrington Buildings, Ashton Street, Liverpool L69 3GE, United Kingdom
| | - Laith M A Al-Huseini
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Research Council Centre for Drug Safety Science, University of Liverpool, Sherrington Buildings, Ashton Street, Liverpool L69 3GE, United Kingdom
| | - Swaminathan Sethu
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Research Council Centre for Drug Safety Science, University of Liverpool, Sherrington Buildings, Ashton Street, Liverpool L69 3GE, United Kingdom
| | - Laiche Djouhri
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Research Council Centre for Drug Safety Science, University of Liverpool, Sherrington Buildings, Ashton Street, Liverpool L69 3GE, United Kingdom
| | - Joanne Walsh
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Research Council Centre for Drug Safety Science, University of Liverpool, Sherrington Buildings, Ashton Street, Liverpool L69 3GE, United Kingdom
| | - Neil Kitteringham
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Research Council Centre for Drug Safety Science, University of Liverpool, Sherrington Buildings, Ashton Street, Liverpool L69 3GE, United Kingdom
| | - B Kevin Park
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Research Council Centre for Drug Safety Science, University of Liverpool, Sherrington Buildings, Ashton Street, Liverpool L69 3GE, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher E Goldring
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Research Council Centre for Drug Safety Science, University of Liverpool, Sherrington Buildings, Ashton Street, Liverpool L69 3GE, United Kingdom.
| | - Jean G Sathish
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Research Council Centre for Drug Safety Science, University of Liverpool, Sherrington Buildings, Ashton Street, Liverpool L69 3GE, United Kingdom.
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Kim JY, Kim YJ, Kim JS, Ryu HS, Lee HK, Kang JS, Kim HM, Hong JT, Kim Y, Han SB. Adjuvant effect of a natural TLR4 ligand on dendritic cell-based cancer immunotherapy. Cancer Lett 2011; 313:226-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2011.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2011] [Revised: 09/08/2011] [Accepted: 09/08/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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49
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Kim HS, Kim JY, Ryu HS, Shin BR, Kang JS, Kim HM, Kim YO, Hong JT, Kim Y, Han SB. Phenotypic and Functional Maturation of Dendritic Cells Induced by Polysaccharide Isolated fromPaecilomyces cicadae. J Med Food 2011; 14:847-56. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2011.1575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hyung Sook Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Korea
| | - Jee Youn Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Korea
| | - Hwa Sun Ryu
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Korea
| | - Bo Ram Shin
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Korea
| | - Jong Soon Kang
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Ochang, Chungbuk, Korea
| | - Hwan Mook Kim
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Ochang, Chungbuk, Korea
| | - Yong Ook Kim
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Ochang, Chungbuk, Korea
| | - Jin Tae Hong
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Korea
| | - Youngsoo Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Korea
| | - Sang Bae Han
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Korea
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50
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Wang LZ, Sun LR, Zhao YX, Wang LL. Preparation and identification of a novel immunomodulator composed of muramyl dipeptide and anti-CD10 monoclonal antibody for treatment of minimal residual disease in acute leukemia children. Int Immunopharmacol 2011; 11:1211-9. [PMID: 21492747 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2011.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2010] [Revised: 03/28/2011] [Accepted: 03/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Targeted therapy is a potentially useful approach for antileukemic therapy, in particular eliminating minimal residual disease (MRD) to prevent tumor relapse. In this study, the immunomodulator (MDP-Ab) was constructed by coupling anti-CD10 monoclonal antibody (MAb) and muramyl dipeptide (MDP) using heterobifunctional reagent SPDP and the activity of MDP-Ab through dendritic cells (DCs)-based immunotherapy was identified in targeted therapy for leukemia. Results showed that the molecular ratio of purified MDP-Ab immunomodulator was about 2:1 according to electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). The immunoreactivity and specificity of the new immunomodulator on CD10 antigen was identical to that of unconjugated native anti-CD10 MAb. The immunomodulatory effect of MDP-Ab immunoconjugate on peripheral blood dendritic cells (PBDCs) from children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) exhibited upregulated expression of HLA-DR, co-stimulatory marker (CD80 and CD86) and maturity marker (CD83), increased cytokine secretion (interleukin-12, IL-12) and enhanced autostimulatory activity. These results in vitro suggested that MDP-Ab immunoconjugate may be a suitable candidate for targeting trials and support the further development of vaccination with the new immunomodulator-triggered DCs as a post-remission treatment to prevent relapse in ALL children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-zhen Wang
- The Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Qingdao University, Shandong 266003, PR China.
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