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Lin J, Liao Y, Yang S, Jin T, Yu B, Zhao K, Sai Y, Lin C, Song Y, Ma H, Wang Z. Identification a novel Ganoderma FIP gene from Ganoderma capense and its functional expression in Pichia pastoris. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 40:69. [PMID: 38225505 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-023-03869-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Ganoderma capense is a precious medicinal fungus in China. In this study, a novel fungal immunomodulatory protein gene, named as FIP-gca, was cloned from G. capense by homologous cloning. Sequencing analysis indicated that FIP-gca was composed of 336 bp, which encoded a polypeptide of 110 amino acids. Protein sequence blasting and phylogenetic analysis showed that FIP-gca shared homology with other Ganoderma FIPs. FIP-gca was effectively expressed in Pichia pastoris GS115 at an expression level of 166.8 mg/L and purified using HisTrap™ fast-flow prepack columns. The immunomodulation capacity of rFIP-gca was demonstrated by that rFIP-gca could obviously stimulate cell proliferation and increase IL-2 secretion of murine spleen lymphocytes. Besides, antitumor activity of rFIP-gca towards human stomach cancer AGS cell line was evaluated in vitro. Cell wound scratch assay proved that rFIP-gca could inhibit migration of AGS cells. And flow cytometry assay revealed that rFIP-gca could significantly induce apoptosis of AGS cells. rFIP-gca was able to induce 18.12% and 22.29% cell apoptosis at 0.3 μM and 0.6 μM, respectively. Conclusively, the novel FIP-gca gene from G. capense has been functionally expressed in Pichia and rFIP-gca exhibited ideal immunomodulation and anti-tumour activities, which implies its potential application and study in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwei Lin
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
- Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Agricultural Technology, Shenyang, China
| | - Yating Liao
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
- Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Agricultural Technology, Shenyang, China
| | - Sijia Yang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
- Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Agricultural Technology, Shenyang, China
| | - Taicheng Jin
- School of Life Science, Jilin Normal University, Siping, 136000, China
| | - Boning Yu
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
- Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Agricultural Technology, Shenyang, China
| | - Kai Zhao
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
- Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Agricultural Technology, Shenyang, China
| | - Yixiao Sai
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
- Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Agricultural Technology, Shenyang, China
| | - Cheng Lin
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
- Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Agricultural Technology, Shenyang, China
| | - Yanhua Song
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
- Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Agricultural Technology, Shenyang, China
| | - Hui Ma
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China.
- Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Agricultural Technology, Shenyang, China.
| | - Zhanyong Wang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China.
- Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Agricultural Technology, Shenyang, China.
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Liu Y, Hoppenbrouwers T, Wang Y, Xie Y, Wei X, Zhang H, Du G, Imam KMSU, Wichers H, Li Z, Bastiaan-Net S. Glycosylation Contributes to Thermostability and Proteolytic Resistance of rFIP-nha ( Nectria haematococca). Molecules 2023; 28:6386. [PMID: 37687215 PMCID: PMC10490071 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28176386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycosylation is an important post-translational modification of proteins, contributing to protein function, stability and subcellular localization. Fungal immunomodulatory proteins (FIPs) are a group of small proteins with notable immunomodulatory activity, some of which are glycoproteins. In this study, the impact of glycosylation on the bioactivity and biochemical characteristics of FIP-nha (from Nectria haematococca) is described. Three rFIP-nha glycan mutants (N5A, N39A, N5+39A) were constructed and expressed in Pichia pastoris to study the functionality of the specific N-glycosylation on amino acid N5 and N39. Their protein characteristics, structure, stability and activity were tested. WT and mutants all formed tetramers, with no obvious difference in crystal structures. Their melting temperatures were 82.2 °C (WT), 81.4 °C (N5A), 80.7 °C (N39A) and 80.1 °C (N5+39A), indicating that glycosylation improves thermostability of rFIP-nha. Digestion assays showed that glycosylation on either site improved pepsin resistance, while 39N-glycosylation was important for trypsin resistance. Based on the 3D structure and analysis of enzyme cleavage sites, we conclude that glycosylation might interfere with hydrolysis via increasing steric hindrance. WT and mutants exerted similar bioactivity on tumor cell metabolism and red blood cells hemagglutination. Taken together, these findings indicate that glycosylation of FIP-nha impacts its thermostability and digestion resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusi Liu
- Laboratory of Biomanufacturing and Food Engineering, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.W.); (Y.X.); (X.W.); (H.Z.); (G.D.); (K.M.S.U.I.); (Z.L.)
- Wageningen Food and Biobased Research, Wageningen University and Research, 6708 WG Wageningen, The Netherlands; (T.H.); (H.W.)
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University, 6708 WG Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Tamara Hoppenbrouwers
- Wageningen Food and Biobased Research, Wageningen University and Research, 6708 WG Wageningen, The Netherlands; (T.H.); (H.W.)
- Laboratory of Food Quality and Design, Wageningen University, 6708 WG Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Yulu Wang
- Laboratory of Biomanufacturing and Food Engineering, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.W.); (Y.X.); (X.W.); (H.Z.); (G.D.); (K.M.S.U.I.); (Z.L.)
| | - Yingying Xie
- Laboratory of Biomanufacturing and Food Engineering, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.W.); (Y.X.); (X.W.); (H.Z.); (G.D.); (K.M.S.U.I.); (Z.L.)
- Beijing SeekGene BioSciences Co., Ltd., Beijing 102206, China
| | - Xue Wei
- Laboratory of Biomanufacturing and Food Engineering, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.W.); (Y.X.); (X.W.); (H.Z.); (G.D.); (K.M.S.U.I.); (Z.L.)
| | - Haowen Zhang
- Laboratory of Biomanufacturing and Food Engineering, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.W.); (Y.X.); (X.W.); (H.Z.); (G.D.); (K.M.S.U.I.); (Z.L.)
| | - Guoming Du
- Laboratory of Biomanufacturing and Food Engineering, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.W.); (Y.X.); (X.W.); (H.Z.); (G.D.); (K.M.S.U.I.); (Z.L.)
| | - Khandader Md Sharif Uddin Imam
- Laboratory of Biomanufacturing and Food Engineering, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.W.); (Y.X.); (X.W.); (H.Z.); (G.D.); (K.M.S.U.I.); (Z.L.)
| | - Harry Wichers
- Wageningen Food and Biobased Research, Wageningen University and Research, 6708 WG Wageningen, The Netherlands; (T.H.); (H.W.)
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University, 6708 WG Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Zhen Li
- Laboratory of Biomanufacturing and Food Engineering, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.W.); (Y.X.); (X.W.); (H.Z.); (G.D.); (K.M.S.U.I.); (Z.L.)
| | - Shanna Bastiaan-Net
- Wageningen Food and Biobased Research, Wageningen University and Research, 6708 WG Wageningen, The Netherlands; (T.H.); (H.W.)
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Li SY, Hou LZ, Gao YX, Zhang NN, Fan B, Wang F. FIP-nha, a fungal immunomodulatory protein from Nectria haematococca, induces apoptosis and autophagy in human gastric cancer cells via blocking the EGFR-mediated STAT3/Akt signaling pathway. FOOD CHEMISTRY: MOLECULAR SCIENCES 2022; 4:100091. [PMID: 35415679 PMCID: PMC8991989 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochms.2022.100091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
FIP-nha, a new FIP discovered beyond Basidiomycota, has been demonstrated a broad spectrum of antitumor activity and cell selectivity against human cancers. FIP-nha inhibited the growth, induced apoptosis and autophagy of gastric cancer cells through competitively binding to EGFR with EGF to blocking the EGFR-mediated STAT3/Akt pathway. FIP-nha may be a potential chemotherapy drug that targeted EGFR to treat human gastric cancer.
FIP-nha, a fungal immunomodulatory protein from Nectria haematococca, has been demonstrated a broad spectrum of antitumor activity and cell selectivity against human cancers in our previous study. However, the effect and mechanism of FIP-nha on gastric cancer remains unclear. In this study, we systematically observed the cytotoxicity, biological effect, regulatory mechanism and interaction target of FIP-nha on human gastric cancer cell lines, AGS and SGC7901. Our results demonstrated that FIP-nha inhibited the growth of AGS and SGC7901 cells in a dose-dependent manner and exerted proapoptotic effects on both cells as confirmed by flow cytometry, DAPI staining and western blot analysis. Additionally, the exposure of AGS and SGC7901 to FIP-nha induced autophagy as indicated by western blot analysis, GFP-LC3 and mCherry-GFP-LC3 transfection and acridine orange staining. Furthermore, we found that FIP-nha decreased the phosphorylation of EGFR, STAT3 and Akt and inhibited activation effect of ligand factor EGF to EGFR and its downstream signal molecule STAT3 and Akt. Finally, we proved that FIP-nha located on the surface of gastric cancer cells and bound directly to the transmembrane protein of EGFR by immunoprecipitation, cellular localization, molecular docking, microscale thermophoresis assay. The above findings indicated that FIP-nha inhibited the growth of gastric cancer and induced apoptosis and autophagy through competitively binding to EGFR with EGF to blocking the EGFR-mediated STAT3/Akt pathway. In summary, our study provided novel insights regarding the activity of FIP-nha against gastric cancer and contributed to the clinical application of FIP-nha as a potential chemotherapy drugs that targeted EGFR for human gastric cancer.
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Liu Y, Bastiaan-Net S, Zhang Y, Hoppenbrouwers T, Xie Y, Wang Y, Wei X, Du G, Zhang H, Imam KMSU, Wichers H, Li Z. Linking the thermostability of FIP-nha (Nectria haematococca) to its structural properties. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 213:555-564. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.05.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Lin J, Chen H, Bai Y, Li S, Liang G, Fan T, Gao N, Wu X, Li H, Chen G, Gao Y, Fan J. Ganoderma immunomodulatory proteins: mushrooming functional FIPs. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:2367-2380. [PMID: 35348851 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-11839-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Fungal immunomodulatory protein (FIP) is a novel functional protein family with specific immunomodulatory activity identified from several macro-fungi. A variety of biological activities of FIPs have been reported, such as anti-allergy, anti-tumor, mitogenic activity, and immunomodulation. Among all known FIPs, the firstly discovered FIP was isolated from Ganoderma lucidum, and most FIP members were from Ganoderma genus. Compared with other FIPs, Ganoderma FIPs possess some advantageous bioactivities, like stronger anti-tumor activity. Therein, gene sequences, protein structural features, biofunctions, and recombinant expression of Ganoderma FIPs were summarized and addressed, focusing on elucidating their anti-tumor activity and molecular mechanisms. Combined with current advances, development potential and application of Ganoderma FIPs were also prospected. KEY POINTS: • More than a dozen of reported FIPs are identified from Ganoderma species. • Ganoderma immunomodulatory proteins have superior anti-tumor activity with promising prospects and application. • Current review comprehensively addresses characterization, biofunctions, and anti-tumor mechanisms of Ganoderma FIPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwei Lin
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110032, China.,Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Agricultural Technology, Shenyang, 110866, China.,Liaoning Province Academy of Forest Sciences, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Huan Chen
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110032, China.,Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Agricultural Technology, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Yudong Bai
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110032, China.,Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Agricultural Technology, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Shoukun Li
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110032, China.,Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Agricultural Technology, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Gengyuan Liang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110032, China.,Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Agricultural Technology, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Tianning Fan
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110032, China.,Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Agricultural Technology, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Ningyuan Gao
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110032, China.,Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Agricultural Technology, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Xiupeng Wu
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110032, China.,Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Agricultural Technology, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Hui Li
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110032, China.,Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Agricultural Technology, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Liaoning Province Academy of Forest Sciences, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Yingxu Gao
- Liaoning Province Academy of Forest Sciences, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China.
| | - Jungang Fan
- Liaoning Province Academy of Forest Sciences, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China.
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Narrative Review: Bioactive Potential of Various Mushrooms as the Treasure of Versatile Therapeutic Natural Product. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7090728. [PMID: 34575766 PMCID: PMC8466349 DOI: 10.3390/jof7090728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mushrooms have remained an eternal part of traditional cuisines due to their beneficial health potential and have long been recognized as a folk medicine for their broad spectrum of nutraceuticals, as well as therapeutic and prophylactic uses. Nowadays, they have been extensively investigated to explain the chemical nature and mechanisms of action of their biomedicine and nutraceuticals capacity. Mushrooms belong to the astounding dominion of Fungi and are known as a macrofungus. Significant health benefits of mushrooms, including antiviral, antibacterial, anti-parasitic, antifungal, wound healing, anticancer, immunomodulating, antioxidant, radical scavenging, detoxification, hepatoprotective cardiovascular, anti-hypercholesterolemia, and anti-diabetic effects, etc., have been reported around the globe and have attracted significant interests of its further exploration in commercial sectors. They can function as functional foods, help in the treatment and therapeutic interventions of sub-optimal health states, and prevent some consequences of life-threatening diseases. Mushrooms mainly contained low and high molecular weight polysaccharides, fatty acids, lectins, and glucans responsible for their therapeutic action. Due to the large varieties of mushrooms present, it becomes challenging to identify chemical components present in them and their beneficial action. This article highlights such therapeutic activities with their active ingredients for mushrooms.
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Differences in Antioxidants, Polyphenols, Protein Digestibility and Nutritional Profile between Ganoderma lingzhi from Industrial Crops in Asia and Ganoderma lucidum from Cultivation and Iberian Origin. Foods 2021; 10:foods10081750. [PMID: 34441528 PMCID: PMC8394434 DOI: 10.3390/foods10081750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Carpophores of Ganoderma lingzhi (GZ) from industrial crops in China were analysed and compared with carpophores of three Iberian strains of cultivated Ganoderma lucidum (GL) (Aveiro, Madrid, Palencia) previously genetically characterized. The genetic determination of all the fungi in the study coincided with the identification provided by the companies and entities that supplied the samples. Cultivation time ranged between 107 and 141 days. The analysis of total phenol content showed to be 56.8% higher for GL from Palencia than for GZ. Intraspecific variation was a maximum of 56% from GL. The content of antioxidants, both intraspecific and interspecific, was found to be strain-dependent with a maximum variation of 78.5%. The nutritional analysis shows that there are differences in dietary fiber, protein, ash and sodium content between GL and GZ. In fatty acids analysis, only trans fatty acids showed significant differences, being higher in GL. Protein profile and digestibility of GZ and GL-Madrid mushroom proteins were evaluated by digestion with simulated gastric fluid and were different. The two species were perfectly differentiated according to their protein profile. These results should be considered for nutritional and industrial applications.
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Ejike UC, Chan CJ, Lim CSY, Lim RLH. Functional evaluation of a recombinant fungal immunomodulatory protein from L. rhinocerus produced in P. pastoris and E. coli host expression systems. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:2799-2813. [PMID: 33763709 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11225-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Fungal immunomodulatory proteins (FIPs) are bioactive proteins with immunomodulatory properties. We previously reported the heterologous production in Escherichia coli of FIP-Lrh from Tiger milk mushroom (Lignosus rhinocerus) with potent cytotoxic effect on cancer cell lines. However, protein produced in E. coli lacks post-translational modifications and may be contaminated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) endotoxin. Therefore, in this study, yFIP-Lrh produced in Pichia pastoris was functionally compared with eFIP-Lrh produced in E. coli. Expression construct of FIP-Lrh cDNA in pPICZα was generated, transformed into P. pastoris X-33 and Mut+ transformants were verified by colony PCR. Induction with 0.5% or 1% methanol resulted in a secreted 13.6 kDa yFIP-Lrh which was subsequently purified and verified using LCMS/MS analysis. Size exclusion chromatography confirmed eFIP-Lrh as a homodimer whereas the larger size of yFIP-Lrh may indicate post-translational modification despite negative for glycoproteins staining. At lower concentration (4-8 μg/mL), yFIP-Lrh induced significantly higher Th1 (IFN-γ, TNF-α) and Th2 (IL-6, IL-4, IL-5, IL-13) cytokines production in mice splenocytes, whereas 16 μg/mL eFIP-Lrh induced significantly higher pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10), possibly due to higher residual LPS endotoxin (0.082 EU/mL) in eFIP-Lrh compared to negligible level in yFIP-Lrh (0.001 EU/mL). Furthermore, yFIP-Lrh showed higher cytotoxic effect on MCF-7 and HeLa cancer cells. Since both recombinant proteins of FIP-Lrh have the same peptide sequence, besides glycosylation, other post-translational modifications in yFIP-Lrh may account for its enhanced immunomodulatory and anti-proliferative activities. In conclusion, P. pastoris is preferred over E. coli for production of a functionally active yFIP-Lrh devoid of endotoxin contamination. KEY POINTS: • FIP-Lrh can induced production of Th1 and Th2 cytokines by mouse splenocytes. • Higher cytotoxic effect on cancer cells observed for yeast compared to E. coli produced FIP-Lrh. • P. pastoris allows production of an endotoxin-free and functionally active recombinant FIP-Lrh.
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Affiliation(s)
- Udochukwu Camillius Ejike
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University, No.1, Jalan Menara Gading, UCSI Heights, 56000, Cheras, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Chong Joo Chan
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University, No.1, Jalan Menara Gading, UCSI Heights, 56000, Cheras, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Crystale Siew Ying Lim
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University, No.1, Jalan Menara Gading, UCSI Heights, 56000, Cheras, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Renee Lay Hong Lim
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University, No.1, Jalan Menara Gading, UCSI Heights, 56000, Cheras, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Wu G, Sun Y, Deng T, Song L, Li P, Zeng H, Tang X. Identification and Functional Characterization of a Novel Immunomodulatory Protein From Morchella conica SH. Front Immunol 2020; 11:559770. [PMID: 33193329 PMCID: PMC7649207 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.559770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel fungal immunomodulatory protein (FIP) was found in the precious medical and edible mushroom Morchella conica SH, defined as FIP-mco, which belongs to the FIP family. Phylogenetic analyses of FIPs from different origins were performed using Neighbor-Joining method. It was found that FIP-mco belonged to a new branch of the FIP family and may evolved from a different ancestor compared with most other FIPs. The cDNA sequence of FIP-mco was cloned and expressed in the yeast Pichia Pastoris X33. The recombinant protein of FIP-mco (rFIP-mco) was purified by agarose Ni chromatography and determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and Western blot analysis. The protein rFIP-mco could significantly suppress the proliferation of A549 and HepG2 cells at the concentration of 15 and 5 μg/ml, respectively, and inhibited the migration and invasion of human A549 and HepG2 cells at the concentration of 15 and 30 μg/ml respectively in vitro. Further, rFIP-mco can significantly reduce the expression levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 in the THP1 cells (human myeloid leukemia mononuclear cells). In order to explore the potential mechanism of the cytotoxicity effect of rFIP-mco on A549 and HepG2 cells, cell cycle and apoptosis assay in the two cancer cells were conducted. The results demonstrated that G0/G1 to S-phase arrest and increased apoptosis may contribute to the proliferation inhibition by rFIP-mco in the two cancer cells. Molecular mechanism of rFIP-mco's reduction effect on the inflammatory cytokines was also studied by suppression of the NF-κB signaling pathway. It showed that suppression of NF-κB signaling is responsible for the reduction of inflammatory cytokines by rFIP-mco. The results indicated the prospect of FIP-mco from M. conica SH as an effective and feasible source for cancer therapeutic studies and medical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guogan Wu
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Sun
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Tingshan Deng
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Lili Song
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Li
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Haijuan Zeng
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xueming Tang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
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Zhao S, Gao Q, Rong C, Wang S, Zhao Z, Liu Y, Xu J. Immunomodulatory Effects of Edible and Medicinal Mushrooms and Their Bioactive Immunoregulatory Products. J Fungi (Basel) 2020; 6:E269. [PMID: 33171663 PMCID: PMC7712035 DOI: 10.3390/jof6040269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mushrooms have been valued as food and health supplements by humans for centuries. They are rich in dietary fiber, essential amino acids, minerals, and many bioactive compounds, especially those related to human immune system functions. Mushrooms contain diverse immunoregulatory compounds such as terpenes and terpenoids, lectins, fungal immunomodulatory proteins (FIPs) and polysaccharides. The distributions of these compounds differ among mushroom species and their potent immune modulation activities vary depending on their core structures and fraction composition chemical modifications. Here we review the current status of clinical studies on immunomodulatory activities of mushrooms and mushroom products. The potential mechanisms for their activities both in vitro and in vivo were summarized. We describe the approaches that have been used in the development and application of bioactive compounds extracted from mushrooms. These developments have led to the commercialization of a large number of mushroom products. Finally, we discuss the problems in pharmacological applications of mushrooms and mushroom products and highlight a few areas that should be improved before immunomodulatory compounds from mushrooms can be widely used as therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Zhao
- Institute of Plant and Environment Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; (S.Z.); (Q.G.); (C.R.); (S.W.); (Z.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Qi Gao
- Institute of Plant and Environment Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; (S.Z.); (Q.G.); (C.R.); (S.W.); (Z.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Chengbo Rong
- Institute of Plant and Environment Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; (S.Z.); (Q.G.); (C.R.); (S.W.); (Z.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Shouxian Wang
- Institute of Plant and Environment Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; (S.Z.); (Q.G.); (C.R.); (S.W.); (Z.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Zhekun Zhao
- Institute of Plant and Environment Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; (S.Z.); (Q.G.); (C.R.); (S.W.); (Z.Z.); (Y.L.)
- College of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056038, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Institute of Plant and Environment Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; (S.Z.); (Q.G.); (C.R.); (S.W.); (Z.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Jianping Xu
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
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Ejike UC, Chan CJ, Okechukwu PN, Lim RLH. New advances and potentials of fungal immunomodulatory proteins for therapeutic purposes. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2020; 40:1172-1190. [PMID: 32854547 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2020.1808581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Fungal immunomodulatory proteins (FIPs) are fascinating small and heat-stable bioactive proteins in a distinct protein family due to similarities in their structures and sequences. They are found in fungi, including the fruiting bodies producing fungi comprised of culinary and medicinal mushrooms. Structurally, most FIPs exist as homodimers; each subunit consisting of an N-terminal α-helix dimerization and a C-terminal fibronectin III domain. Increasing numbers of identified FIPs from either different or same fungal species clearly indicates the growing research interests into its medicinal properties which include immunomodulatory, anti-inflammation, anti-allergy, and anticancer. Most FIPs increased IFN-γ production in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, potentially exerting immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting overproduction of T helper-2 (Th2) cytokines common in an allergy reaction. Recently, FIP from Ganoderma microsporum (FIP-gmi) was shown to promote neurite outgrowth for potential therapeutic applications in neuro-disorders. This review discussed FIPs' structural and protein characteristics, their recombinant protein production for functional studies, and the recent advances in their development and applications as pharmaceutics and functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chong Joo Chan
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Department of Biotechnology, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Renee Lay Hong Lim
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Department of Biotechnology, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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12
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Liu Y, Bastiaan-Net S, Wichers HJ. Current Understanding of the Structure and Function of Fungal Immunomodulatory Proteins. Front Nutr 2020; 7:132. [PMID: 33015115 PMCID: PMC7461872 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2020.00132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungal immunomodulatory proteins (FIPs) are a group of proteins found in fungi, which are extensively studied for their immunomodulatory activity. Currently, more than 38 types of FIPs have been described. Based on their conserved structure and protein identity, FIPs can be classified into five subgroups: Fve-type FIPs (Pfam PF09259), Cerato-type FIPs (Pfam PF07249), PCP-like FIPs, TFP-like FIPs, and unclassified FIPs. Among the five subgroups, Fve-type FIPs are the most studied for their hemagglutinating, immunomodulating, and anti-cancer properties. In general, these small proteins consist of 110–125 amino acids, with a molecular weight of ~13 kDa. The other four subgroups are relatively less studied, but also show a noticeable influence on immune cells. In this review, we summarized the protein modifications, 3-dimensional structures and bioactivities of all types of FIPs. Moreover, structure-function relationship of FIPs has been discussed, including relationship between carbohydrate binding module and hemagglutination, correlation of oligomerization and cytokine induction, relevance of glycosylation and lymphocyte activation. This summary and discussion may help gain comprehensive understanding of FIPs' working mechanisms and scope future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusi Liu
- Laboratory of Food Enzyme Engineering, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Beijing, China.,Wageningen Food and Biobased Research, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands.,Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Shanna Bastiaan-Net
- Wageningen Food and Biobased Research, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Harry J Wichers
- Wageningen Food and Biobased Research, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands.,Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
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13
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Hou FH, Chia MY, Liao JW, Chung HP, Lee WC. Efficacy of fungal immunomodulatory protein to promote swine immune responses against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infection. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2020; 224:110056. [PMID: 32380309 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2020.110056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Fungal immunomodulatory protein (FIP) is one of the bioactive compounds of edible mushrooms, which has been shown to trigger type 1 T helper (Th1) pathway activation in research with mice. This study was designated to assess immunomodulatory effects of recombinant FIP-Flammulina velutipes (rFIP-fve) on swine and the protective efficacy against PRRSV infection. In the in vitro evaluations, rFIP-fve significantly triggered up-regulation of IL-2 and IFN-γ mRNA in porcine PBMCs and stimulated natural killer cytotoxicity. Porcine pulmonary alveolar macrophages (PAMs) treated with rFIP-fve showed prolonged life times, up-regulation of both MHC I and II molecules and enhanced abilities to present antigen. In the in vivo trial, two doses of 2 mg rFIP-fve significantly reduced drops in the CD4/CD8 ratio after PRRSV challenge, and the cytokine mRNA profile of PBMC revealed a tendency of IFN-γ up-regulation and a decrease in IL-10 in the rFIP-treated group. Moreover, administration of rFIP-fve also decreased the PRRSV viremia with 1 log10 in titer (p = 0.07) and alleviated the severity of clinical signs after PRRSV challenge. Conclusively, these results illustrate the in vitro and in vivo immunological changes of rFIP-fve administered to pigs and reveal its potential to be used as an immunomodulatory therapeutic against PRRSV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Hsiang Hou
- Graduate Institute of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Rd., South Dist., Taichung City, 402, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Min-Yuan Chia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Rd., South Dist., Taichung City, 402, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Jiunn-Wang Liao
- Graduate Institute of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Rd., South Dist., Taichung City, 402, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Han-Ping Chung
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Rd., South Dist., Taichung City, 402, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Wei-Cheng Lee
- Graduate Institute of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Rd., South Dist., Taichung City, 402, Taiwan, ROC.
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14
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Mao PW, Li LD, Wang YL, Bai XH, Zhou XW. Optimization of the fermentation parameters for the production of Ganoderma lucidum immunomodulatory protein by Pichia pastoris. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2019; 50:357-364. [PMID: 31846385 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2019.1703194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In order to obtain a better fermentation parameter for the production of recombinant Ganoderma lucidum immunomodulatory protein (rFIP-glu), an engineered Pichia pastoris GS115 was investigated on the fermentation time, temperature, methanol concentration and initial pH of media, while immunomodulatory activities of the rFIP-glu was confirmed. L9(33) orthogonal experiment were firstly employed to optimize various fermentation parameters in the shake-flask level. The optimized fermentation parameters were subsequently verified in a 5 L fermenter. Biological activities including cell viability and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) mRNA of the rFIP-glu were evaluated on murine macrophage RAW264.7 cells. The results showed that the yield of rFIP-glu was up to 368.71 μg/ml in the shake-flask, and 613.47 μg/ml in the 5 L fermenter, when the Pichia pastoris was incubated in basic media with the methanol concentration 1.0% and initial pH 6.5, and with constant shaking at 280 rpm for 4 days at 26 °C. In vitro assays of biological activity indicated that rFIP-glu had significant toxicity against RAW264.7 cells, and possessed the ability to induce TNF-α mRNA expression in macrophage RAW264.7 cells. In conclusion, engineered P. pastoris showed a good fermentation property under the optimum fermentation parameters. It could be a candidate industrial strain for further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Wen Mao
- School of Agriculture and Biology, and Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, and State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Liu-Dingji Li
- School of Agriculture and Biology, and Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, and State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Liang Wang
- School of Agriculture and Biology, and Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, and State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Hui Bai
- School of Agriculture and Biology, and Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, and State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuan-Wei Zhou
- School of Agriculture and Biology, and Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, and State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
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15
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Shao KD, Mao PW, Li QZ, Li LDJ, Wang YL, Zhou XW. Characterization of a novel fungal immunomodulatory protein, FIP-SJ75 shuffled from Ganoderma lucidum, Flammulina velutipes and Volvariella volvacea. FOOD AGR IMMUNOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/09540105.2019.1686467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ke-Di Shao
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South) Ministry of Agriculture, and Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Pei-Wen Mao
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South) Ministry of Agriculture, and Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qi-Zhang Li
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South) Ministry of Agriculture, and Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liu-Ding-Ji Li
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South) Ministry of Agriculture, and Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu-liang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South) Ministry of Agriculture, and Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuan-Wei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South) Ministry of Agriculture, and Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
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16
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Li LD, Mao PW, Shao KD, Bai XH, Zhou XW. Ganoderma proteins and their potential applications in cosmetics. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:9239-9250. [PMID: 31659419 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-10171-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 09/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Ganoderma have been regarded as a traditional source of natural bioactive compounds for centuries and have recently been exploited for potential components in the cosmetics industry. Besides Ganoderma polysaccharides and triterpenes, multiple proteins have been found in Ganoderma. With the in-depth study of these proteins, various pharmacological functions of Ganoderma have become important in the discovery and development of new products. In the review, we summarized and discussed the kinds and characteristics of Ganoderma proteins, especially on fungal immunomodulatory proteins (FIPs) which can be potentially developed into cosmeceuticals or nutricosmetics and are a suitable target for production using established biotechnological methods. Furthermore, we discuss their pharmacological activities of the proteins with a focus on their pharmacological functions related to cosmetics, such as antioxidant activity, inhibition of melanin, antibacterial activity, and regulation of inflammatory mediators. Numerous other questions also are addressed before the proteins can be widely accepted and used as cosmetic additives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu-Dingji Li
- Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, and State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, and School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 311 Agriculture and Biology New Building, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Pei-Wen Mao
- Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, and State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, and School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 311 Agriculture and Biology New Building, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke-Di Shao
- Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, and State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, and School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 311 Agriculture and Biology New Building, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Hui Bai
- Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, and State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, and School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 311 Agriculture and Biology New Building, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xuan-Wei Zhou
- Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, and State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, and School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 311 Agriculture and Biology New Building, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China.
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17
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Singh SS, Wong JH, Ng TB, Singh WS, Thangjam R. Biomedical Applications of Lectins from Traditional Chinese Medicine. Curr Protein Pept Sci 2019; 20:220-230. [DOI: 10.2174/1389203719666180612081709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2018] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Lectins are proteins or glycoproteins of non-immune origin which have at least one noncatalytic
domain that bind reversibly to specific mono or oligosaccharides. Traditional Chinese Medicine
(TCM) involves a broad range of medicinal practices sharing common concepts which have been
developed in China and are based on a tradition of more than thousands of years. Plant materials which
are commonly used in TCM as a complementary or alternative for Western medical treatments contain a
considerable number of important lectins. These lectins have been reported to have various applications
and uses such as cancer treatment, glycoconjugate research, biomarker development, and others. Here,
we summarize the available literature related to lectins from TCM and recent trends in their potential
biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senjam Sunil Singh
- Laboratory of Protein Biochemistry, Biochemistry Department, Manipur University, Canchipur, Imphal-795003, India
| | - Jack Ho Wong
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tzi Bun Ng
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wayenbam Sobhachandra Singh
- Laboratory of Protein Biochemistry, Biochemistry Department, Manipur University, Canchipur, Imphal-795003, India
| | - Robert Thangjam
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Mizoram University, Aizawl - 796 004, India
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18
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Qu ZW, Zhou SY, Guan SX, Gao R, Duan ZW, Zhang X, Sun WY, Fan WL, Chen SS, Chen LJ, Lin JW, Ruan YY. Recombinant Expression and Bioactivity Comparison of Four Typical Fungal Immunomodulatory Proteins from Three Main Ganoderma Species. BMC Biotechnol 2018; 18:80. [PMID: 30547780 PMCID: PMC6295072 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-018-0488-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background More than a dozen of fungal immunomodulatory proteins (FIPs) have been identified to date, most of which are from Ganoderma species. However, little is known about the similarities and differences between different Ganoderma FIPs’ bioactivities. In the current study, two FIP genes termed FIP-gap1 and FIP-gap2 from G. applanatum, along with LZ-8 and FIP-gsi, another two representative Ganoderma FIP genes from G. lucidum and G. sinense were functionally expressed in Pichia. Subsequently, bioactivities of four recombinant Ganoderma FIPs were demonstrated and compared. Results All the four Ganoderma FIP genes could be effectively expressed in P. pastoris GS115 at expression levels ranging from 197.5 to 264.3 mg L− 1 and simply purified by one step chromatography using HisTrap™ FF prepack columns. Amino acid sequence analysis showed that they all possessed the FIP conserved fragments. The homologies of different Ganoderma FIPs were from 72.6 to 86.4%. In vitro haemagglutination exhibited that FIP-gap1, FIP-gsi and LZ-8 could agglutinate human, sheep and mouse red blood cells but FIP-gap2 agglutinated none. Besides, the immunomodulation activities of these Ganoderma FIPs were as: rFIP-gap2 > rFIP-gap1 > rLZ-8 and rFIP-gsi in terms of proliferation stimulation and cytokine induction on murine splenocytes. Additionally, the cytotoxic activity of different FIPs was: rFIP-gap1 > rLZ-8 > rFIP-gsi > rFIP-gap2, examined by their inhibition of three human carcinomas A549, Hela and MCF-7. Conclusions Taken together, four typical Ganoderma FIP genes could be functionally expressed in P. pastoris, which might supply as feasible efficient resources for further study and application. Both similarities and differences were indeed observed between Ganoderma FIPs in their amino acid sequences and bioactivities. Comprehensively, rFIP-gaps from G. applanatum proved to be more effective in immunomodulation and cytotoxic assays in vitro than rLZ-8 (G. lucidum) and rFIP-gsi (G. sinense). Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12896-018-0488-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Wei Qu
- Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Agricultural Technology, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Si-Ya Zhou
- Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Agricultural Technology, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Shi-Xin Guan
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Rui Gao
- Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Agricultural Technology, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Zuo-Wen Duan
- Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Agricultural Technology, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Agricultural Technology, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Wei-Yan Sun
- Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Agricultural Technology, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Wen-Li Fan
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Shui-Sen Chen
- Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Agricultural Technology, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Li-Jing Chen
- Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Agricultural Technology, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Jing-Wei Lin
- Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Agricultural Technology, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China.
| | - Yan-Ye Ruan
- Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Agricultural Technology, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China.
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19
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Hu Q, Du H, Ma G, Pei F, Ma N, Yuan B, Nakata PA, Yang W. Purification, identification and functional characterization of an immunomodulatory protein from Pleurotus eryngii. Food Funct 2018; 9:3764-3775. [PMID: 29897364 DOI: 10.1039/c8fo00604k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Pleurotus eryngii contains bioactive compounds that can activate the immune system. Here we report the identification, purification, and functional characterization of the bioactive P. eryngii protein (PEP) 1b. PEP 1b was discovered to be a 21.9 kDa protein with the ability to induce the M1-polarization of the macrophage cell line RAW 264.7 cells. Biochemical measurements showed that PEP 1b stimulated nitric oxide (NO), IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α production and regulated inducible NO synthase. Phosphorylation and inhibitor studies revealed that PEP 1b promoted the translocation of NF-kB from the cytosol to the nucleus allowing the induction of target gene expression and NO production. The phosphorylation of JNK and ERK1/2 was found to be necessary for NO production. Each phosphorylation pathway was found to require a Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 as a prerequisite for PEP 1b-induced NO production. This study suggests that PEP 1b is an immunomodulatory protein that can boost cellular immune responses through the activation of the TLR4-NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuhui Hu
- College of Food Science and Engineering/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety/Key Laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality Control and Processing, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing 210023, China.
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20
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Molecular cloning, codon-optimized gene expression, and bioactivity assessment of two novel fungal immunomodulatory proteins from Ganoderma applanatum in Pichia. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:5483-5494. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-9022-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 04/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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21
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Hu Q, Wang D, Yu J, Ma G, Pei F, Yang W. Neuroprotective effects of six components from Flammulina velutipes on H2O2-induced oxidative damage in PC12 cells. J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.07.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
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22
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Teodorowicz M, Perdijk O, Verhoek I, Govers C, Savelkoul HFJ, Tang Y, Wichers H, Broersen K. Optimized Triton X-114 assisted lipopolysaccharide (LPS) removal method reveals the immunomodulatory effect of food proteins. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0173778. [PMID: 28355240 PMCID: PMC5371287 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0173778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
SCOPE Investigations into the immunological response of proteins is often masked by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) contamination. We report an optimized Triton X-114 (TX-114) based LPS extraction method for β-lactoglobulin (BLG) and soy protein extract suitable for cell-based immunological assays. METHODS AND RESULTS Optimization of an existing TX-114 based phase LPS extraction method resulted in >99% reduction of LPS levels. However, remaining TX-114 was found to interfere with LPS and protein concentration assays and decreased viability of THP-1 macrophages and HEK-Blue 293 cells. Upon screening a range of TX-114 extraction procedures, TX-114-binding beads were found to most effectively lower TX-114 levels without affecting protein structural properties. LPS-purified proteins showed reduced capacity to activate TLR4 compared to non-treated proteins. LPS-purified BLG did not induce secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines from THP-1 macrophages, as non-treated protein did, showing that LPS contamination masks the immunomodulatory effect of BLG. Both HEK293 cells expressing TLR4 and differentiated THP-1 macrophages were shown as a relevant model to screen the protein preparations for biological effects of LPS contamination. CONCLUSION The reported TX-114 assisted LPS-removal from protein preparations followed by bead based removal of TX-114 allows evaluation of natively folded protein preparations for their immunological potential in cell-based studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malgorzata Teodorowicz
- Department of Cell Biology and Immunology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Olaf Perdijk
- Department of Cell Biology and Immunology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Iris Verhoek
- Nanobiophysics Group, Faculty of Science and Technology, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - Coen Govers
- Food and Biobased Research, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Huub F. J. Savelkoul
- Department of Cell Biology and Immunology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Yongfu Tang
- Food and Biobased Research, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Harry Wichers
- Food and Biobased Research, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Kerensa Broersen
- Nanobiophysics Group, Faculty of Science and Technology, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands
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23
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Li S, Jiang Z, Xu W, Xie Y, Zhao L, Tang X, Wang F, Xin F. FIP-sch2, a new fungal immunomodulatory protein from Stachybotrys chlorohalonata, suppresses proliferation and migration in lung cancer cells. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 101:3227-3235. [PMID: 28078399 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-016-8030-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Revised: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Fungal immunomodulatory protein (FIP)-sch2, an immunomodulatory protein identified in the ascomycete Stachybotrys chlorohalonata by a sequence similarity search, is a novel member of the FIP family. FIP-sch2 shares high sequence identity, structure, and evolutionary conservation with previously reported FIPs. It was satisfactorily expressed in Escherichia coli with a glutathione S-transferase (GST) tag and purified by GST-affinity magnetic beads. To characterize the direct antitumor effects, human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells were treated with different concentrations of recombinant FIP (rFIP)-sch2 in vitro, and the results showed that rFIP-sch2 could reduce cell viability dose-dependently with a half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 9.48 μg/mL. Furthermore, rFIP-sch2 at 8 μg/mL could significantly induce apoptosis and interrupt migration in A549 cells. Notably, the antitumor effect of rFIP-sch2 was equivalent to that of rLZ-8 but was obviously increased compared to rFIP-fve. In addition, the exploration of the antitumor mechanism suggested that rFIP-sch2 induced lung cancer cell death by activating apoptosis and inhibiting migration. Our results indicated that rFIP-sch2 was a promising candidate for use in future cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuying Li
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhonghao Jiang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Wenyi Xu
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yingying Xie
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Leiming Zhao
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xuanming Tang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Fengzhong Wang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Fengjiao Xin
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.
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Making Use of Genomic Information to Explore the Biotechnological Potential of Medicinal Mushrooms. MEDICINAL AND AROMATIC PLANTS OF THE WORLD 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-5978-0_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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25
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Li S, Zhao L, Xu W, Jiang Z, Kang J, Wang F, Xin F. Identification and Characterisation of a Novel Protein FIP-sch3 from Stachybotrys chartarum. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0168436. [PMID: 27997578 PMCID: PMC5173029 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0168436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, a novel FIP named FIP-sch3 has been identified and characterised. FIP-sch3 was identified in the ascomycete Stachybotrys chartarum, making it the second FIP to be identified outside the order of Basidiomycota. Recombinant FIP-sch3 (rFIP-shc3) was produced in Escherichia coli and purified using GST-affinity magnetic beads. The bioactive characteristics of FIP-sch3 were compared to those of well-known FIPs LZ-8 from Ganoderma lucidum and FIP-fve from Flammulina velutipes, which were produced and purified using the same method. The purified rFIP-sch3 exhibited a broad spectrum of anti-tumour activity in several types of tumour cells but had no cytotoxicity in normal human embryonic kidney 293 cells. Assays that were implemented to study these properties indicated that rFIP-sch3 significantly suppressed cell proliferation, induced apoptosis and inhibited cell migration in human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells. The anti-tumour effects of rFIP-sch3 in A549 cells were comparable to those of rLZ-8, but they were significantly greater than those of rFIP-fve. Molecular assays that were built on real-time PCR further revealed potential mechanisms related to apoptosis and migration and that underlie phenotypic effects. These results indicate that FIP-shc3 has a unique anti-tumour bioactive profile, as do other FIPs, which provide a foundation for further studies on anti-tumour mechanisms. Importantly, this study also had convenient access to FIP-sch3 with potential human therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuying Li
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Leiming Zhao
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenyi Xu
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhonghao Jiang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Kang
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Fengzhong Wang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (FW); (FX)
| | - Fengjiao Xin
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (FW); (FX)
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26
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Wang Y, Wa̅ng Y, Gao Y, Li Y, Wan JN, Yang RH, Mao WJ, Zhou CL, Tang LH, Gong M, Wu YY, Bao DP. Discovery and Characterization of the Highly Active Fungal Immunomodulatory Protein Fip-vvo82. J Chem Inf Model 2016; 56:2103-2114. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.6b00087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- National Engineering Research
Center of Edible Fungi; Key Laboratory of Applied Mycological Resources
and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture; Shanghai Key Laboratory
of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding; Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agriculture Science, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Ying Wa̅ng
- National Engineering Research
Center of Edible Fungi; Key Laboratory of Applied Mycological Resources
and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture; Shanghai Key Laboratory
of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding; Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agriculture Science, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Yingnv Gao
- National Engineering Research
Center of Edible Fungi; Key Laboratory of Applied Mycological Resources
and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture; Shanghai Key Laboratory
of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding; Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agriculture Science, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Yan Li
- National Engineering Research
Center of Edible Fungi; Key Laboratory of Applied Mycological Resources
and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture; Shanghai Key Laboratory
of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding; Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agriculture Science, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Jia-Ning Wan
- National Engineering Research
Center of Edible Fungi; Key Laboratory of Applied Mycological Resources
and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture; Shanghai Key Laboratory
of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding; Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agriculture Science, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Rui-Heng Yang
- National Engineering Research
Center of Edible Fungi; Key Laboratory of Applied Mycological Resources
and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture; Shanghai Key Laboratory
of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding; Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agriculture Science, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Wen-Jun Mao
- National Engineering Research
Center of Edible Fungi; Key Laboratory of Applied Mycological Resources
and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture; Shanghai Key Laboratory
of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding; Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agriculture Science, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Chen-Li Zhou
- National Engineering Research
Center of Edible Fungi; Key Laboratory of Applied Mycological Resources
and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture; Shanghai Key Laboratory
of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding; Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agriculture Science, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Li-Hua Tang
- National Engineering Research
Center of Edible Fungi; Key Laboratory of Applied Mycological Resources
and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture; Shanghai Key Laboratory
of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding; Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agriculture Science, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Ming Gong
- National Engineering Research
Center of Edible Fungi; Key Laboratory of Applied Mycological Resources
and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture; Shanghai Key Laboratory
of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding; Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agriculture Science, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Ying-Ying Wu
- National Engineering Research
Center of Edible Fungi; Key Laboratory of Applied Mycological Resources
and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture; Shanghai Key Laboratory
of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding; Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agriculture Science, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Da-Peng Bao
- National Engineering Research
Center of Edible Fungi; Key Laboratory of Applied Mycological Resources
and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture; Shanghai Key Laboratory
of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding; Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agriculture Science, Shanghai 201403, China
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Characterisation of a New Fungal Immunomodulatory Protein from Tiger Milk mushroom, Lignosus rhinocerotis. Sci Rep 2016; 6:30010. [PMID: 27460640 PMCID: PMC4962085 DOI: 10.1038/srep30010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lignosus rhinocerotis (Tiger milk mushroom) is an important folk medicine for indigenous peoples in Southeast Asia. We previously reported its de novo assembled 34.3 Mb genome encoding a repertoire of proteins including a putative bioactive fungal immunomodulatory protein. Here we report the cDNA of this new member (FIP-Lrh) with a homology range of 54–64% to FIPs from other mushroom species, the closest is with FIP-glu (LZ-8) (64%) from Ganoderma lucidum. The FIP-Lrh of 112 amino acids (12.59 kDa) has a relatively hydrophobic N-terminal. Its predicted 3-dimensional model has identical folding patterns to FIP-fve and contains a partially conserved and more positively charged carbohydrates binding pocket. Docking predictions of FIP-Lrh on 14 glycans commonly found on cellular surfaces showed the best binding energy of −3.98 kcal/mol to N-acetylgalactosamine and N-acetylglucosamine. Overexpression of a 14.9 kDa soluble 6xHisFIP-Lrh was achieved in pET-28a(+)/BL21 and the purified recombinant protein was sequence verified by LC-MS/MS (QTOF) analysis. The ability to haemagglutinate both mouse and human blood at concentration ≥0.34 μM, further demonstrated its lectin nature. In addition, the cytotoxic effect of 6xHisFIP-Lrh on MCF-7, HeLa and A549 cancer cell lines was detected at IC50 of 0.34 μM, 0.58 μM and 0.60 μM, respectively.
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Xu H, Kong YY, Chen X, Guo MY, Bai XH, Lu YJ, Li W, Zhou XW. Recombinant FIP-gat, a Fungal Immunomodulatory Protein from Ganoderma atrum, Induces Growth Inhibition and Cell Death in Breast Cancer Cells. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:2690-2698. [PMID: 26996414 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b00539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
FIP-gat, an immunomodulatory protein isolated from Ganoderma atrum, is a new member of the FIP family. Little is known, however, about its expressional properties and antitumor activities. It was availably expressed in Escherichia coli with a total yield of 29.75 mg/L. The migration of recombinant FIP-gat (rFIP-gat) on SDS-PAGE corresponded to the predicted molecular mass, and the band was correctly detected by a specific antibody. To characterize the direct effects of rFIP-gat on MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells, MDA-MB-231 cells were treated with different concentrations of rFIP-gat in vitro; the results showed that this protein could reduce cell viability dose-dependently with a median inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 9.96 μg/mL and agglutinate the MDA-MB-231 cells at a concentration as low as 5 μg/mL. Furthermore, FIP-gat at a concentration of 10 μg/mL can induce significant growth inhibition and cell death in MDA-MB-231 cells. Notably, FIP-gat treatment triggers significant cell cycle arrest at the G1/S transition and pronounced increase in apoptotic cell population. Molecular assays based on microarray and real-time PCR further revealed the potential mechanisms encompassing growth arrest, apoptosis, and autophagy underlying the phenotypic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Xu
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South) Ministry of Agriculture, and Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiaotong University , Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying-Yu Kong
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South) Ministry of Agriculture, and Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiaotong University , Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut Health Center , Farmington, Connecticut 06032, United States
| | - Meng-Yuan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South) Ministry of Agriculture, and Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiaotong University , Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Hui Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Jia Lu
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Li
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuan-Wei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South) Ministry of Agriculture, and Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiaotong University , Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
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29
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Li SY, Shi LJ, Ding Y, Nie Y, Tang XM. Identification and functional characterization of a novel fungal immunomodulatory protein from Postia placenta. Food Chem Toxicol 2015; 78:64-70. [PMID: 25662032 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2015.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Revised: 11/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a previously unknown fungal immunomodulatory protein (FIP), here called FIP-ppl, was identified from the basidiomycete fungus Postia placenta by searching its genome sequence database using known FIPs as baits, which was the first basidiomycete FIP to be identified outside the order of edible macro fungi. The gene FIP-ppl was synthesized and expressed in Escherichia coli to produce a glutathione S-transferase (GST) fusion protein. The fusion protein was purified on a GST affinity column and the protein tag was removed using in situ thrombin cleavage. The purified recombinant protein (rFIP-ppl) displayed hemagglutination activity toward rabbit red blood cells but not against human red blood cells. RFIP-ppl stimulated mouse splenocyte cell proliferation and enhanced interleukin-2 (IL-2) release. Antitumor assays indicated that rFIP-ppl had significant cell proliferation inhibitory activity and apoptotic effects in human tumor cells with more pronounced inhibiting proliferation and inducing apoptotic effects on gastric tumor cells (MGC823) than against hepatoma (HepG2) cells. This study confirms an alternative means of identifying, producing, and isolating new FIPs. It may provide convenient access to FIP-ppl with potential human therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Ying Li
- Institute of Agro-products Processing Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Key Laboratory of Agro-products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, No. 2 Yuan Ming Yuan West Road, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Li Jun Shi
- Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, CAAS, No. 2 Yuan Ming Yuan West Road, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yang Ding
- Institute of Agro-products Processing Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Key Laboratory of Agro-products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, No. 2 Yuan Ming Yuan West Road, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ying Nie
- Institute of Agro-products Processing Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Key Laboratory of Agro-products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, No. 2 Yuan Ming Yuan West Road, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xuan Ming Tang
- Institute of Agro-products Processing Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Key Laboratory of Agro-products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, No. 2 Yuan Ming Yuan West Road, Beijing 100193, China.
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30
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Singh SS, Wang H, Chan YS, Pan W, Dan X, Yin CM, Akkouh O, Ng TB. Lectins from edible mushrooms. Molecules 2014; 20:446-69. [PMID: 25558856 PMCID: PMC6272671 DOI: 10.3390/molecules20010446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mushrooms are famous for their nutritional and medicinal values and also for the diversity of bioactive compounds they contain including lectins. The present review is an attempt to summarize and discuss data available on molecular weights, structures, biological properties, N-terminal sequences and possible applications of lectins from edible mushrooms. It further aims to update and discuss/examine the recent advancements in the study of these lectins regarding their structures, functions, and exploitable properties. A detailed tabling of all the available data for N-terminal sequences of these lectins is also presented here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senjam Sunil Singh
- Laboratory of Protein Biochemistry, Biochemistry Department, Manipur University, Canchipur, Imphal 795003, India.
| | - Hexiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology and Department of Microbiology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Yau Sang Chan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Wenliang Pan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Xiuli Dan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Cui Ming Yin
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Ouafae Akkouh
- Department of Biology and Medical Laboratory Research, Leiden University of Applied Science, Zernikedreef 11, Leiden 2333 CK, The Netherlands.
| | - Tzi Bun Ng
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China.
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31
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González Muñoz A, Botero Orozco KJ, López Gartner GA. Finding of a novel fungal immunomodulatory protein coding sequence in Ganoderma australe. REVISTA COLOMBIANA DE BIOTECNOLOGÍA 2014. [DOI: 10.15446/rev.colomb.biote.v16n2.38747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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32
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Chanput W, Mes JJ, Wichers HJ. THP-1 cell line: An in vitro cell model for immune modulation approach. Int Immunopharmacol 2014; 23:37-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2014.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 573] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2014] [Revised: 08/02/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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33
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Li S, Nie Y, Ding Y, Shi L, Tang X. Recombinant expression of a novel fungal immunomodulatory protein with human tumor cell antiproliferative activity from Nectria haematococca. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:17751-64. [PMID: 25272229 PMCID: PMC4227187 DOI: 10.3390/ijms151017751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2014] [Revised: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 09/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
To our best knowledge, all of the fungal immunomodulatory proteins (FIPs) have been successfully extracted and identified in Basidomycetes, with only the exception of FIP from ascomycete Nectria haematococca (FIP-nha) discovered through homology alignment most recently. In this work, a gene encoding FIP-nha was synthesized and recombinantly expressed in an Escherichia coli expression system. SDS-PAGE and MALDI-MS analyses of recombinant FIP-nha (rFIP-nha) indicated that the gene was successfully expressed. The yield of the bioactive FIP-nha protein was 42.7 mg/L. In vitro assays of biological activity indicated that the rFIP-nha caused hemagglutination of human and rabbit red blood cells, significantly stimulated mouse spleen lymphocyte proliferation, and enhanced expression of interleukin-2 (IL-2) released from mouse splenocytes, revealing a strong antitumor effect against HL60, HepG2 and MGC823. Through this work, we constructed a rapid and efficient method of FIP production, and suggested that FIP-nha is a valuable candidate for use in future medical care and pharmaceutical products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuying Li
- Institute of Agro-products Processing Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Key Laboratory of Agro-products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, No. 2 Yuan Ming Yuan West Road, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Ying Nie
- Institute of Agro-products Processing Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Key Laboratory of Agro-products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, No. 2 Yuan Ming Yuan West Road, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Yang Ding
- Institute of Agro-products Processing Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Key Laboratory of Agro-products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, No. 2 Yuan Ming Yuan West Road, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Lijun Shi
- Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, CAAS, No. 2 Yuan Ming Yuan West Road, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Xuanming Tang
- Institute of Agro-products Processing Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Key Laboratory of Agro-products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, No. 2 Yuan Ming Yuan West Road, Beijing 100193, China.
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34
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Lin JW, Jia J, Shen YH, Zhong M, Chen LJ, Li HG, Ma H, Guo ZF, Qi MF, Liu LX, Li TL. Functional expression of FIP-fve, a fungal immunomodulatory protein from the edible mushroom Flammulina velutipes in Pichia pastoris GS115. J Biotechnol 2013; 168:527-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2013.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2013] [Revised: 09/13/2013] [Accepted: 09/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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