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Ji N, Lei M, Chen Y, Tian S, Li C, Zhang B. How Oxidative Stress Induces Depression? ASN Neuro 2023; 15:17590914231181037. [PMID: 37331994 DOI: 10.1177/17590914231181037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Depression increasingly affects a wide range and a large number of people worldwide, both physically and psychologically, which makes it a social problem requiring prompt attention and management. Accumulating clinical and animal studies have provided us with substantial insights of disease pathogenesis, especially central monoamine deficiency, which considerably promotes antidepressant research and clinical treatment. The first-line antidepressants mainly target the monoamine system, whose drawbacks mainly include slow action and treatment resistant. The novel antidepressant esketamine, targeting on central glutamatergic system, rapidly and robustly alleviates depression (including treatment-resistant depression), whose efficiency is shadowed by potential addictive and psychotomimetic side effects. Thus, exploring novel depression pathogenesis is necessary, for seeking more safe and effective therapeutic methods. Emerging evidence has revealed vital involvement of oxidative stress (OS) in depression, which inspires us to pursue antioxidant pathway for depression prevention and treatment. Fully uncovering the underlying mechanisms of OS-induced depression is the first step towards the avenue, thus we summarize and expound possible downstream pathways of OS, including mitochondrial impairment and related ATP deficiency, neuroinflammation, central glutamate excitotoxicity, brain-derived neurotrophic factor/tyrosine receptor kinase B dysfunction and serotonin deficiency, the microbiota-gut-brain axis disturbance and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis dysregulation. We also elaborate on the intricate interactions between the multiple aspects, and molecular mechanisms mediating the interplay. Through reviewing the related research progress in the field, we hope to depict an integral overview of how OS induces depression, in order to provide fresh ideas and novel targets for the final goal of efficient treatment of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Ji
- The School of Public Health, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Guilin Medical University, Guilin Guangxi, China
| | - Mengzhu Lei
- The School of Public Health, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Guilin Medical University, Guilin Guangxi, China
| | - Yating Chen
- The School of Public Health, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Guilin Medical University, Guilin Guangxi, China
| | - Shaowen Tian
- The School of Public Health, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Guilin Medical University, Guilin Guangxi, China
| | - Chuanyu Li
- The School of Public Health, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Guilin Medical University, Guilin Guangxi, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- The School of Public Health, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Guilin Medical University, Guilin Guangxi, China
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Péricat D, Leon-Icaza SA, Sanchez Rico M, Mühle C, Zoicas I, Schumacher F, Planès R, Mazars R, Gros G, Carpinteiro A, Becker KA, Izopet J, Strub-Wourgaft N, Sjö P, Neyrolles O, Kleuser B, Limosin F, Gulbins E, Kornhuber J, Meunier E, Hoertel N, Cougoule C. Antiviral and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Fluoxetine in a SARS-CoV-2 Infection Mouse Model. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:13623. [PMID: 36362409 PMCID: PMC9657171 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic continues to cause significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Since a large portion of the world's population is currently unvaccinated or incompletely vaccinated and has limited access to approved treatments against COVID-19, there is an urgent need to continue research on treatment options, especially those at low cost and which are immediately available to patients, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Prior in vitro and observational studies have shown that fluoxetine, possibly through its inhibitory effect on the acid sphingomyelinase/ceramide system, could be a promising antiviral and anti-inflammatory treatment against COVID-19. In this report, we evaluated the potential antiviral and anti-inflammatory activities of fluoxetine in a K18-hACE2 mouse model of SARS-CoV-2 infection, and against variants of concern in vitro, i.e., SARS-CoV-2 ancestral strain, Alpha B.1.1.7, Gamma P1, Delta B1.617 and Omicron BA.5. Fluoxetine, administrated after SARS-CoV-2 infection, significantly reduced lung tissue viral titres and expression of several inflammatory markers (i.e., IL-6, TNFα, CCL2 and CXCL10). It also inhibited the replication of all variants of concern in vitro. A modulation of the ceramide system in the lung tissues, as reflected by the increase in the ratio HexCer 16:0/Cer 16:0 in fluoxetine-treated mice, may contribute to explain these effects. Our findings demonstrate the antiviral and anti-inflammatory properties of fluoxetine in a K18-hACE2 mouse model of SARS-CoV-2 infection, and its in vitro antiviral activity against variants of concern, establishing fluoxetine as a very promising candidate for the prevention and treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection and disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Péricat
- Institute of Pharmacology and Structural Biology (IPBS), University of Toulouse, CNRS, 31000 Toulouse, France
| | - Stephen Adonai Leon-Icaza
- Institute of Pharmacology and Structural Biology (IPBS), University of Toulouse, CNRS, 31000 Toulouse, France
| | - Marina Sanchez Rico
- Faculté de Santé, Université Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France
- Département de Psychiatrie et d’Addictologie de l’Adulte et du Sujet Agé, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), DMU Psychiatrie et Addictologie, Hôpital Corentin-Celton, 92130 Issy-les-Moulineaux, France
- INSERM, Institut de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences de Paris (IPNP), UMR_S1266, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Christiane Mühle
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Iulia Zoicas
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Fabian Schumacher
- Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Str. 2-4, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Rémi Planès
- Institute of Pharmacology and Structural Biology (IPBS), University of Toulouse, CNRS, 31000 Toulouse, France
| | - Raoul Mazars
- Institute of Pharmacology and Structural Biology (IPBS), University of Toulouse, CNRS, 31000 Toulouse, France
| | - Germain Gros
- Institute of Pharmacology and Structural Biology (IPBS), University of Toulouse, CNRS, 31000 Toulouse, France
| | - Alexander Carpinteiro
- Institute for Molecular Biology, University Medicine Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 47057 Essen, Germany
| | - Katrin Anne Becker
- Institute for Molecular Biology, University Medicine Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 47057 Essen, Germany
| | - Jacques Izopet
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (INFINITy), Université Toulouse, CNRS, INSERM, UPS, 31300 Toulouse, France
- Laboratoire de Virologie, CHU Toulouse, Hôpital Purpan, 31300 Toulouse, France
| | | | - Peter Sjö
- Drugs for Neglected Diseases Initiative, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Neyrolles
- Institute of Pharmacology and Structural Biology (IPBS), University of Toulouse, CNRS, 31000 Toulouse, France
| | - Burkhard Kleuser
- Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Str. 2-4, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Frédéric Limosin
- Faculté de Santé, Université Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France
- Département de Psychiatrie et d’Addictologie de l’Adulte et du Sujet Agé, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), DMU Psychiatrie et Addictologie, Hôpital Corentin-Celton, 92130 Issy-les-Moulineaux, France
- INSERM, Institut de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences de Paris (IPNP), UMR_S1266, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Erich Gulbins
- Institute for Molecular Biology, University Medicine Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 47057 Essen, Germany
| | - Johannes Kornhuber
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Etienne Meunier
- Institute of Pharmacology and Structural Biology (IPBS), University of Toulouse, CNRS, 31000 Toulouse, France
| | - Nicolas Hoertel
- Faculté de Santé, Université Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France
- Département de Psychiatrie et d’Addictologie de l’Adulte et du Sujet Agé, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), DMU Psychiatrie et Addictologie, Hôpital Corentin-Celton, 92130 Issy-les-Moulineaux, France
- INSERM, Institut de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences de Paris (IPNP), UMR_S1266, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Céline Cougoule
- Institute of Pharmacology and Structural Biology (IPBS), University of Toulouse, CNRS, 31000 Toulouse, France
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Lv XC, Wu Q, Cao YJ, Lin YC, Guo WL, Rao PF, Zhang YY, Chen YT, Ai LZ, Ni L. Ganoderic acid A from Ganoderma lucidum protects against alcoholic liver injury through ameliorating the lipid metabolism and modulating the intestinal microbial composition. Food Funct 2022; 13:5820-5837. [PMID: 35543349 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo03219d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Alcoholic liver injury is mainly caused by long-term excessive alcohol consumption and has become a global public threat to human health. It is well known that Ganoderma lucidum has excellent beneficial effects on liver function and lipid metabolism. The object of this study was to investigate the hepatoprotective effects of ganoderic acid A (GAA, one of the main triterpenoids in G. lucidum) against alcohol-induced liver injury and reveal the underlying mechanisms of its protective effects. The results showed that oral administration of GAA significantly inhibited the abnormal elevation of the liver index, serum total triglyceride (TG), cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in mice exposed to alcohol intake, and also significantly protected the liver against alcohol-induced excessive lipid accumulation and pathological changes. Besides, alcohol-induced oxidative stress in the liver was significantly ameliorated by the dietary intervention of GAA through decreasing the hepatic levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and malondialdehyde (MDA), and increasing hepatic activities of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH), and hepatic levels of glutathione (GSH). In addition, GAA intervention evidently ameliorated intestinal microbial disorder by markedly increasing the abundance of Muribaculaceae, Prevotellaceae, Jeotgalicoccus, Bilophila, Family_XIII_UCG_001, Aerococcus, Ruminococcaceae_UCG_005, Harryflintia, Christensenellaceae, Rumonpcpccaceae, Prevotelaceae_UCG_001, Clostridiales_vadinBB60_group, Parasutterella and Bifidobacterium, but decreasing the proportion of Lactobacillus, Burkholderia_Caballeroria_Paraburkholderia, Escherichia_Shigella and Erysipelatoclostridium. Furthermore, liver metabolomics based on UPLC-QTOF/MS demonstrated that oral administration of GAA had a significant regulatory effect on the composition of liver metabolites in mice exposed to alcohol intake, especially the levels of the biomarkers involved in the metabolic pathways of riboflavin metabolism, glycine, serine and threonine metabolism, pyruvate metabolism, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids, synthesis and degradation of ketone bodies, fructose and mannose metabolism. Moreover, dietary supplementation of GAA significantly regulated the hepatic mRNA levels of lipid metabolism and inflammatory response related genes. Conclusively, these findings demonstrate that GAA has beneficial effects on alleviating alcohol-induced liver injury and is expected to become a new functional food ingredient for the prevention of alcoholic liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu-Cong Lv
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, College of Biological Science and Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China.
| | - Qi Wu
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, College of Biological Science and Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China.
| | - Ying-Jia Cao
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, College of Biological Science and Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China. .,National Engineering Research Center of JUNCAO Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China
| | - Yi-Chen Lin
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, College of Biological Science and Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China. .,National Engineering Research Center of JUNCAO Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China
| | - Wei-Ling Guo
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, College of Biological Science and Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China.
| | - Ping-Fan Rao
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, College of Biological Science and Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China.
| | - Yan-Yan Zhang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, College of Biological Science and Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China. .,Department of Flavor Chemistry, Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart 70599, Germany
| | - You-Ting Chen
- Fujian Abdominal Surgery Research Institute, the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350005, China.
| | - Lian-Zhong Ai
- School of Medical Instruments and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Li Ni
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, College of Biological Science and Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China.
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Mello BSF, Chaves Filho AJM, Custódio CS, Rodrigues PDA, Carletti JV, Vasconcelos SMM, Sousa FCFD, Sanders LLO, Macedo DS. Doxycycline at subantimicrobial dose combined with escitalopram reverses depressive-like behavior and neuroinflammatory hippocampal alterations in the lipopolysaccharide model of depression. J Affect Disord 2021; 292:733-745. [PMID: 34161892 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.05.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Doxycycline (DOXY) is a second-generation tetracycline with anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects. A proinflammatory profile seems to predict the severity of depressive symptoms. In the present study, we aimed at determining whether the anti-inflammatory action of subantimicrobial-dose doxycycline (SDD) (DOXY, 10mg/kg), alone or combined with the antidepressant escitalopram (ESC), could revert lipopolysaccharide-induced depressive-like alterations in mice. Male Swiss mice received saline or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for ten consecutive days. From the 6th day of LPS exposure, they were treated with DOXY 10 mg/kg, ESC 4 mg/kg, DOXY 10 mg/kg plus ESC 4 mg/kg (DOXY+ESC), or saline. On the 10th day, we assessed behavioral despair (forced swimming test), anhedonia (sucrose preference test), brain oxidative stress markers, and inflammatory and protective pathways related to depression, such as NF-kB and phospho-CREB. Our results showed that DOXY alone or combined with ESC reduced hippocampal Iba-1 expression and interleukin (IL)-1β levels. Only DOXY+ESC successfully reversed the LPS-induced increase in NF-kBp65 expression and TNFα levels. DOXY caused a marked increase in the hippocampal expression of phospho-CREB and GSH concentrations. DOXY and DOXY+ESC showed a tendency to modulate the functional status of mitogen-activated kinase p42-44 (Phospho-p44/42 MAPK) and of the phosphorylated form of glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK3β), revealing a protective profile against inflammation. In conclusion, SDD, combined with ESC, seems to be a good strategy for reverting inflammatory changes and protecting against depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Stefânia Ferreira Mello
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Adriano José Maia Chaves Filho
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Charllyany Sabino Custódio
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Patrícia de Araújo Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Neuroscience and Behavior, Drug Research and Development Center, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Jaqueline V Carletti
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Silvânia Maria Mendes Vasconcelos
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Francisca Cléa Florenço de Sousa
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Lia Lira Olivier Sanders
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Danielle S Macedo
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; National Institute for Translational Medicine (INCT-TM, CNPq), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
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Jiang X, Chen Z, Yu X, Chen J, Sun C, Jing C, Xu L, Liu F, Ni W, Chen L. Lipopolysaccharide-induced depression is associated with estrogen receptor-α/SIRT1/NF-κB signaling pathway in old female mice. Neurochem Int 2021; 148:105097. [PMID: 34119591 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2021.105097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The present study aims to investigate the influence of sex/age on depressive-like behaviors in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-challenged mice model, and explore the underlying mechanisms. Tail suspension test and forced swimming test were used to evaluate the depressive-like behaviors. SIRT1 mRNA expression was assessed by PCR. Levels of 17β-estradiol (E2), SIRT1, NF-κB, tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin 1β (IL-1β) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In the behavior tests, under the same LPS stimulation, significant depressive-like behavior was observed in young male mice but not in young female mice, however, female mice were more likely to be depressed than male mice in the old age. Moreover, we found age-related depression difference existed only in female mice. In the experiments of mechanism exploration in old female mice, E2 improved LPS-induced depressive-like behavior, and simultaneously elevated SIRT1 levels and downregulated expressions of NF-κB and inflammatory cytokines in the hippocampus and frontal cortex. Interestingly, ERα inhibition, not ERβ inhibition, abolished E2's function. Additionally, SIRT1 antagonist also reversed E2's effects on depressive-like behavior and the expressions of NF-κB and inflammatory cytokines. These results suggested that E2 could protect the old female mice from depression via E2/ERα/SIRT1/NF-κB signaling pathway. In other words, LPS-induced depression was associated with ER-α/SIRT1/NF-κB signaling pathway in old female mice. By comparing the results of mechanism exploration in old male mice and old female mice and the different expression levels of E2, SIRT1, NF-κB and inflammatory cytokines in young female mice and old female mice, we speculate that the age or gender-related depression difference may be associated with the different activation levels of the ERα/SIRT1/NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Jiang
- Zhejiang University Mingzhou Hospital, Ningbo, 315000, China; Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Pharmaceutical College, Ningbo, 315000, China.
| | - Ziwei Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Pharmaceutical College, Ningbo, 315000, China.
| | - Xuefeng Yu
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Pharmaceutical College, Ningbo, 315000, China.
| | - Jin Chen
- Zhejiang University Mingzhou Hospital, Ningbo, 315000, China
| | - Chonglu Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Pharmaceutical College, Ningbo, 315000, China
| | - Changfeng Jing
- Zhejiang University Mingzhou Hospital, Ningbo, 315000, China
| | - Lexing Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Pharmaceutical College, Ningbo, 315000, China
| | - Fuhe Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Pharmaceutical College, Ningbo, 315000, China
| | - Wenjuan Ni
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Pharmaceutical College, Ningbo, 315000, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Pharmaceutical College, Ningbo, 315000, China
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Dal-Pizzol F, de Medeiros GF, Michels M, Mazeraud A, Bozza FA, Ritter C, Sharshar T. What Animal Models Can Tell Us About Long-Term Psychiatric Symptoms in Sepsis Survivors: a Systematic Review. Neurotherapeutics 2021; 18:1393-1413. [PMID: 33410107 PMCID: PMC8423874 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-020-00981-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lower sepsis mortality rates imply that more patients are discharged from the hospital, but sepsis survivors often experience sequelae, such as functional disability, cognitive impairment, and psychiatric morbidity. Nevertheless, the mechanisms underlying these long-term disabilities are not fully understood. Considering the extensive use of animal models in the study of the pathogenesis of neuropsychiatric disorders, it seems adopting this approach to improve our knowledge of postseptic psychiatric symptoms is a logical approach. With the purpose of gathering and summarizing the main findings of studies using animal models of sepsis-induced psychiatric symptoms, we performed a systematic review of the literature on this topic. Thus, 140 references were reviewed, and most of the published studies suggested a time-dependent recovery from behavior alterations, despite the fact that some molecular alterations persist in the brain. This review reveals that animal models can be used to understand the mechanisms that underlie anxiety and depression in animals recovering from sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Dal-Pizzol
- Laboratório de Fisiopatologia Experimental, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, 88806-000 Criciúma, Brazil
| | | | - Monique Michels
- Laboratório de Fisiopatologia Experimental, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, 88806-000 Criciúma, Brazil
| | - Aurélien Mazeraud
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuropathology, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Fernando Augusto Bozza
- Laboratório de Medicina Intensiva, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas (INI), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), 21040-360 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Ritter
- Laboratório de Fisiopatologia Experimental, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, 88806-000 Criciúma, Brazil
| | - Tarek Sharshar
- Laboratoire de Neuropathologie Expérimentale, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuropathology, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France
- Department of Neuro-Intensive Care Medicine, Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris-Descartes University, 75015 Paris, France
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Chamera K, Trojan E, Kotarska K, Szuster-Głuszczak M, Bryniarska N, Tylek K, Basta-Kaim A. Role of Polyinosinic:Polycytidylic Acid-Induced Maternal Immune Activation and Subsequent Immune Challenge in the Behaviour and Microglial Cell Trajectory in Adult Offspring: A Study of the Neurodevelopmental Model of Schizophrenia. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041558. [PMID: 33557113 PMCID: PMC7913889 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple lines of evidence support the pathogenic role of maternal immune activation (MIA) in the occurrence of the schizophrenia-like disturbances in offspring. While in the brain the homeostatic role of neuron-microglia protein systems is well documented, the participation of the CX3CL1-CX3CR1 and CD200-CD200R dyads in the adverse impact of MIA often goes under-recognized. Therefore, in the present study, we examined the effect of MIA induced by polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (Poly I:C) on the CX3CL1-CX3CR1 and CD200-CD200R axes, microglial trajectory (MhcII, Cd40, iNos, Il-1β, Tnf-α, Il-6, Arg1, Igf-1, Tgf-β and Il-4), and schizophrenia-like behaviour in adult male offspring of Sprague-Dawley rats. Additionally, according to the “two-hit” hypothesis of schizophrenia, we evaluated the influence of acute challenge with Poly I:C in adult prenatally MIA-exposed animals on the above parameters. In the present study, MIA evoked by Poly I:C injection in the late period of gestation led to the appearance of schizophrenia-like disturbances in adult offspring. Our results revealed the deficits manifested as a diminished number of aggressive interactions, presence of depressive-like episodes, and increase of exploratory activity, as well as a dichotomy in the sensorimotor gating in the prepulse inhibition (PPI) test expressed as two behavioural phenotypes (MIAPPI-low and MIAPPI-high). Furthermore, in the offspring rats subjected to a prenatal challenge (i.e., MIA) we noticed the lack of modulation of behavioural changes after the additional acute immune stimulus (Poly I:C) in adulthood. The important finding reported in this article is that MIA affects the expression and levels of the neuron-microglia proteins in the frontal cortex and hippocampus of adult offspring. We found that the changes in the CX3CL1-CX3CR1 axis could affect microglial trajectory, including decreased hippocampal mRNA level of MhcII and elevated cortical expression of Igf-1 in the MIAPPI-high animals and/or could cause the up-regulation of an inflammatory response (Il-6, Tnf-α, iNos) after the “second hit” in both examined brain regions and, at least in part, might differentiate behavioural disturbances in adult offspring. Consequently, the future effort to identify the biological background of these interactions in the Poly I:C-induced MIA model in Sprague-Dawley rats is desirable to unequivocally clarify this issue.
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The anti-inflammatory role of SSRI and SNRI in the treatment of depression: a review of human and rodent research studies. Inflammopharmacology 2020; 29:75-90. [PMID: 33164143 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-020-00777-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Depression has the topmost prevalence of all psychiatric diseases. It is characterized by a high recurrence rate, disability, and numerous and mostly unclear pathogenic mechanisms. Besides the monoamine or the neurotrophic hypothesis of depression, the inflammatory mechanism has begun to be supported by more and more evidence. At the same time, the current knowledge about the standard treatment of choice, the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs), is expanding rapidly, adding more features to the initial ones. OBJECTIVES This review summarizes the in vivo anti-inflammatory effects of SSRIs and SNRIs in the treatment of depression and outlines the particular mechanisms of these effects for each drug separately. In addition, we provide an overview of the inflammation-related theory of depression and the underlying mechanisms. RESULTS SSRIs and SNRIs decrease the neuroinflammation through multiple mechanisms including the reduction of blood or tissue cytokines or regulating complex inflammatory pathways: nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), inflammasomes, Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ). Also, SSRIs and SNRIs show these effects in association with an antidepressant action. CONCLUSIONS SSRIs and SNRIs have an anti-neuroinflammatory role which might contribute the antidepressant effect.
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Qiu W, Duarte-Guterman P, Eid RS, Go KA, Lamers Y, Galea LA. Postpartum fluoxetine increased maternal inflammatory signalling and decreased tryptophan metabolism: Clues for efficacy. Neuropharmacology 2020; 175:108174. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2020.108174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Maternal Immune Activation Sensitizes Male Offspring Rats to Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Microglial Deficits Involving the Dysfunction of CD200-CD200R and CX3CL1-CX3CR1 Systems. Cells 2020; 9:cells9071676. [PMID: 32664639 PMCID: PMC7407118 DOI: 10.3390/cells9071676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Early life challenges resulting from maternal immune activation (MIA) may exert persistent effects on the offspring, including the development of psychiatric disorders, such as schizophrenia. Recent evidence has suggested that the adverse effects of MIA may be mediated by neuron-microglia crosstalk, particularly CX3CL1-CX3CR1 and CD200-CD200R dyads. Therefore, the present study assessed the behavioural parameters resembling schizophrenia-like symptoms in the adult male offspring of Sprague-Dawley rats that were exposed to MIA and to an additional acute lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge in adulthood, according to the "two-hit" hypothesis of schizophrenia. Simultaneously, we aimed to clarify the role of the CX3CL1-CX3CR1 and CD200-CD200R axes and microglial reactivity in the brains of adult offspring subjected to MIA and the "second hit" wit LPS. In the present study, MIA generated a range of behavioural changes in the adult male offspring, including increased exploratory activity and anxiety-like behaviours. The most intriguing finding was observed in the prepulse inhibition (PPI) test, where the deficit in the sensorimotor gating was age-dependent and present only in part of the rats. We were able to distinguish the occurrence of two groups: responsive and non-responsive (without the deficit). Concurrently, based on the results of the biochemical studies, MIA disrupted mainly the CD200-CD200R system, while the changes of the CX3CL1-CX3CR1 axis were less evident in the frontal cortex of adult non-responsive offspring. MIA markedly affected the immune regulators of the CD200-CD200R pathway as we observed an increase in cortical IL-6 release in the responsive group and IL-4 in the non-responsive offspring. Importantly, the "second hit" generated disturbances at the behavioural and biochemical levels mostly in the non-responsive adult animals. Those offspring were characterized both by disturbed PPI and "priming" microglia. Altogether, the exposure to MIA altered the immunomodulatory mechanisms, including the CD200-CD200R axis, in the brain and sensitized animals to subsequent immunological challenges, leading to the manifestation of schizophrenia-like alterations.
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Antidepressants of different classes cause distinct behavioral and brain pro- and anti-inflammatory changes in mice submitted to an inflammatory model of depression. J Affect Disord 2020; 268:188-200. [PMID: 32174477 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depressed patients present increased plasma levels of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and neuroinflammatory alterations. Here, we determined the neuroimmune effects of different classes of ADs by using the LPS inflammatory model of depression. METHODS Male rats received amitriptyline (AMI) a tricyclic, S-citalopram (ESC) a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, tranylcypromine (TCP) a monoamine oxidase inhibitor, vortioxetine (VORT) a multimodal AD or saline for ten days. One-hour after the last AD administration, rats were exposed to LPS 0.83 mg/kg or saline and 24 h later were tested for depressive-like behavior. Plasma corticosterone, brain levels of nitrite, pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, phospho-cAMP Response Element-Binding Protein (CREB) and nuclear factor (NF)-kB p 65 were determined. RESULTS LPS induced despair-like, impaired motivation/self-care behavior and caused anhedonia. All ADs prevented LPS-induced despair-like behavior, but only VORT rescued impaired self-care behavior. All ADs prevented LPS-induced increase in brain pro-inflammatory cytokines [interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6] and T-helper 1 cytokines [tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interferon-γ]. VORT increased striatal and hypothalamic IL-4 levels. All ADs prevented LPS-induced neuroendocrine alterations represented by increased levels of hypothalamic nitrite and plasma corticosterone response. VORT and ESC prevented LPS-induced increase in NF-kBp65 hippocampal expression, while ESC, TCP and VORT, but not IMI, prevented the alterations in phospho-CREB expression. LIMITATIONS LPS model helps to understand depression in a subset of depressed patients with immune activation. The levels of neurotransmitters were not determined. CONCLUSION This study provides new evidence for the immunomodulatory effects of ADs, and shows a possible superior anti-inflammatory profile of TCP and VORT.
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Immunoregulatory natural compounds in stress-induced depression: An alternative or an adjunct to conventional antidepressant therapy? Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 127:81-88. [PMID: 30858105 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The interplay of chronic stress, neuroinflammation and altered immune reactivity has been shown to be important for the pathophysiology of brain disorders such as schizophrenia, depressive disorders and post-traumatic stress disorder. This immuno-inflammatory theory has been extensively studied in the past three decades leading to the formation of the integrative discipline of psychoneuroimmunology. Targeting of the central nervous system by conventional pharmacotherapeutic methods is mainly through modulation of neuroendocrine systems such as the dopaminergic, GABA-ergic, adrenergic and serotoninergic systems. In recent years an increasing number of both experimental and clinical studies have shown that antidepressants can affect the immune system by reducing the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α. However, due to the serious adverse effects accompanying the chronic administration of psychoactive drugs there is a continuous need to produce novel therapeutics that are both potent and safe. The present review aims to summarize the current knowledge in the field of psychoneuroimmunology and to delineate the main interactions between stress, inflammation, immunity and the brain. Additionally, this paper explores the use of plant-derived molecules that display a strong anti-stress effect and simultaneously modulate the immune response as an alternative or adjuvant to classical antidepressant drugs.
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Abdelrahman SA, Samak MA, Shalaby SM. Fluoxetine pretreatment enhances neurogenic, angiogenic and immunomodulatory effects of MSCs on experimentally induced diabetic neuropathy. Cell Tissue Res 2018; 374:83-97. [PMID: 29687216 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-018-2838-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Being one of the most debilitating complications among diabetic patients, diabetic polyneuropathy (DPN) is a paramount point of continuous research. Stem cell therapies have shown promising results. However, limited cell survival and paracrine activities hinder its transfer from bench to bedside. We designed this study to evaluate fluoxetine-pretreatment technique of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) as an approach to enhance their paracrine and immunomodulatory properties in DPN. Effects of fluoxetine treatment of MSCs were tested in vitro. Forty-two adult Wistar male albino rats were utilized, further subdivided into control, diabetic, MSC-treated and fluoxetine-pretreated MSC groups. Sciatic nerve sections were prepared for light and electron microscope examination and immunohistochemical detection of neurofilament (NF) protein. Also, we assessed in vitro survival and paracrine properties of fluoxetine-pretreated MSCs. Real time PCR of BDNF, VEGF, IL-1β, and IL-10 expression in tissue homogenate was performed. Our results showed restoration of normal neuronal histomorphology and ultrastructure, moreover, immunohistochemical expression of anti-neurofilament protein was significantly elevated in MSC-treated groups compared to the diabetic one. Fluoxetine enhanced the MSC survival and their paracrine properties of MSCs in vitro. Furthermore, the fluoxetine-pretreated MSC group revealed a significant elevation of mRNA expression of BDNF (neurotrophic factor) and VEGF (angiogenic factor), denoting ameliorated MSC paracrine properties. Similarly, improved immunomodulatory functions were evident by a significant reduction of interleukin-1β mRNA expression (pro-inflammatory) and a reciprocal significant increase of interleukin-10 (anti-inflammatory). We concluded that fluoxetine-pretreatment of MSCs boosts their survival, paracrine, and immunomodulatory traits and directly influenced neuronal histomorphology. Hence, it presents a promising intervention of diabetic polyneuropathy. Graphical Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaimaa A Abdelrahman
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Asharquia, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
| | - Mai A Samak
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Asharquia, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt.
| | - Sally M Shalaby
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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Sherkawy MM, Abo-Youssef AM, Salama AAA, Ismaiel IE. Fluoxetine protects against OVA induced bronchial asthma and depression in rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2018; 837:25-32. [PMID: 30145150 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Depression is very common in asthmatic patients and may increases risk for morbidity and mortality. The present work aimed to investigate the protective effect of fluoxetine, on behavioral and biochemical changes, associated with ovalbumin (OVA) - induced bronchial asthma and depression in rats. Rats were sensitized with intraperitoneal administration of OVA plus aluminum hydroxide for 3 consecutive days then at day 11 followed by OVA intranasal challenge at days 19, 20, 21. Rats were either pretreated with dexamethasone, fluoxetine10mg/kg or fluoxetine 20 mg/kg. At the end of the experiment, various tests were performed, including open field, forced swimming and respiratory function tests. Blood was drawn for serum IgE detection. Finally, rats were euthanized, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) was estimated in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid and lung content of reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin 4 (IL-4) were determined. Histopathological study was also performed. The results showed that fluoxetine significantly ameliorated OVA- induced biochemical and behavioral changes. Fluoxetine may protect against OVA-induced asthma and depression in rats. This effect may be mediated at least in part by its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressant effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa M Sherkawy
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt.
| | - Amira M Abo-Youssef
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt.
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