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Yan YS, Mo JY, Huang YT, Zhu H, Wu HY, Lin ZL, Liu R, Liu XQ, Lv PP, Feng C, Sheng JZ, Jin M, Huang HF. Intrauterine hyperglycaemia during late gestation caused mitochondrial dysfunction in skeletal muscle of male offspring through CREB/PGC1A signaling. Nutr Diabetes 2024; 14:56. [PMID: 39043630 PMCID: PMC11266655 DOI: 10.1038/s41387-024-00299-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal diabetes mellitus can influence the development of offspring. Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) creates a short-term intrauterine hyperglycaemic environment in offspring, leading to glucose intolerance in later life, but the long-term effects and specific mechanism involved in skeletal muscle dysfunction in offspring remain to be clarified. METHODS Pregnant mice were divided into two groups: The GDM group was intraperitoneally injected with 100 mg/kg streptozotocin on gestational days (GDs) 6.5 and 12.5, while the control (CTR) group was treated with vehicle buffer. Only pregnant mice whose random blood glucose level was higher than 16.8 mmol/L beginning on GD13.5 were regarded as the GDM group. The growth of the offspring was monitored, and the glucose tolerance test was performed at different time points. Body composition analysis and immunohistochemical methods were used to evaluate the development of lean mass at 8 weeks. The exercise capacity and grip strength of the male mouse offspring were assessed at the same period. Transmission electron microscopy was used to observe the morphology inside skeletal muscle at 8 weeks and as a foetus. The genes and proteins associated with mitochondrial biogenesis and oxidative metabolism were investigated. We also coanalyzed RNA sequencing and proteomics data to explore the underlying mechanism. Chromatin immunoprecipitation and bisulfite-converted DNA methylation detection were performed to evaluate this phenomenon. RESULTS Short-term intrauterine hyperglycaemia inhibited the growth and reduced the lean mass of male offspring, leading to decreased endurance exercise capacity. The myofiber composition of the tibialis anterior muscle of GDM male offspring became more glycolytic and less oxidative. The morphology and function of mitochondria in the skeletal muscle of GDM male offspring were destroyed, and coanalysis of RNA sequencing and proteomics of foetal skeletal muscle showed that mitochondrial elements and lipid oxidation were consistently impaired. In vivo and in vitro myoblast experiments also demonstrated that high glucose concentrations impeded mitochondrial organisation and function. Importantly, the transcription of genes associated with mitochondrial biogenesis and oxidative metabolism decreased at 8 weeks and during the foetal period. We predicted Ppargc1α as a key upstream regulator with the help of IPA software. The proteins and mRNA levels of Ppargc1α in the skeletal muscle of GDM male offspring were decreased as a foetus (CTR vs. GDM, 1.004 vs. 0.665, p = 0.002), at 6 weeks (1.018 vs. 0.511, p = 0.023) and 8 weeks (1.006 vs. 0.596, p = 0.018). In addition, CREB phosphorylation was inhibited in GDM group, with fewer activated pCREB proteins binding to the CRE element of Ppargc1α (1.042 vs. 0.681, p = 0.037), Pck1 (1.091 vs. 0.432, p = 0.014) and G6pc (1.118 vs. 0.472, p = 0.027), resulting in their decreased transcription. Interestingly, we found that sarcopenia and mitochondrial dysfunction could even be inherited by the next generation. CONCLUSIONS Short-term intrauterine hyperglycaemia significantly reduced lean mass in male offspring at 8 weeks, resulting in decreased exercise endurance and metabolic disorders. Disrupted organisation and function of the mitochondria in skeletal muscle were also observed among them. Foetal exposure to hyperglycaemia decreased the ratio of phosphorylated CREB and reduced the transcription of Ppargc1α, which inhibited the transcription of downstream genes involving in mitochondrial biogenesis and oxidative metabolism. Abnormal mitochondria, which might be transmitted through aberrant gametes, were also observed in the F2 generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Shang Yan
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jia-Ying Mo
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Yiwu, China
| | - Yu-Tong Huang
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hong Zhu
- The Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hai-Yan Wu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhong-Liang Lin
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Yiwu, China
| | - Rui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Yiwu, China
| | - Xuan-Qi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ping-Ping Lv
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chun Feng
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jian-Zhong Sheng
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Yiwu, China.
| | - Min Jin
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - He-Feng Huang
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Yiwu, China.
- The Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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Yang MM, Wei J, Xu LL, Yan YS, Chen Y, Lv M, Jiang Y, Luo Q. Altered expression of long noncoding RNA MEG3 in the offspring of gestational diabetes mellitus induces impaired glucose tolerance in adulthood. Acta Diabetol 2024; 61:79-90. [PMID: 37688646 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-023-02169-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
AIM Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) affects a significant number of women worldwide and has been associated with lifelong health consequences for their offspring, including increased susceptibility to obesity, insulin resistance, and type II diabetes. Recent studies have suggested that aberrant expression of the long non-coding RNA Meg3 in the liver may contribute to impaired glucose metabolism in individuals. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether intrauterine exposure to hyperglycemia affects glucose intolerance in puberty by mediating the overexpression of LncMeg3 in the liver. METHODS To test our hypothesis, we established an animal model of intrauterine hyperglycemia to mimic GDM. The progeny was observed for phenotypic changes, and intraperitoneal glucose tolerance tests, insulin tolerance tests, and pyruvate tolerance tests were conducted to assess glucose and insulin tolerance. We also measured LncMeg3 expression in the liver using real-time quantitative PCR and examined differential methylation areas (DMRs) in the Meg3 gene using pyrophosphoric sequencing. To investigate the role of LncMeg3 in glucose tolerance, we conducted Meg3 intervention by vein tail and analyzed the changes in the phenotype and transcriptome of the progeny using bioinformatics analysis. RESULTS We found that intrauterine exposure to hyperglycemia led to impaired glucose and insulin tolerance in the progeny, with a tendency toward increased fasting blood glucose in fat offspring at 16 weeks (P = 0.0004). LncMeg3 expression was significantly upregulated (P = 0.0061), DNMT3B expression downregulated (P = 0.0226), and DNMT3A (P = 0.0026), TET2 (P = 0.0180) expression upregulated in the liver. Pyrophosphoric sequencing showed hypomethylation in Meg3-DMRs (P = 0.0005). Meg3 intervention by vein tail led to a decrease in the percentage of obese and emaciated offspring (emaciation: 44% vs. 23%; obesity: 25% vs. 15%) and attenuated glucose intolerance. Bioinformatics analysis revealed significant differences in the transcriptome of the progeny, particularly in circadian rhythm and PPAR signaling pathways. CONCLUSION In conclusion, our study suggests that hypomethylation of Meg3-DMRs increases the expression of the imprinted gene Meg3 in the liver of males, which is associated with impaired glucose tolerance in GDM-F1. MEG3 interference may attenuate glucose intolerance, which may be related to transcriptional changes. Our findings provide new insights into the mechanisms underlying the long-term effects of intrauterine hyperglycemia on progeny health and highlight the potential of Meg3 as an intervention target for glucose intolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Meng Yang
- Department of Obstetrics, Women's Hospital, of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Juan Wei
- Department of Obstetrics, Women's Hospital, of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li Li Xu
- Department of Obstetrics, Women's Hospital, of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yi Shang Yan
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuan Chen
- Department of Obstetrics, Women's Hospital, of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Min Lv
- Department of Obstetrics, Women's Hospital, of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ying Jiang
- Department of Obstetrics, Women's Hospital, of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Qiong Luo
- Department of Obstetrics, Women's Hospital, of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
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Wang GL, Yuan HJ, Kong QQ, Zhang J, Han X, Gong S, Xu MT, He N, Luo MJ, Tan JH. High glucose exposure of preimplantation embryos causes glucose intolerance and insulin resistance in F1 and F2 male offspring. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:166921. [PMID: 37879502 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although studies suggest that maternal high glucose (HG) increases offspring susceptibility to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), the underlying mechanisms are largely unclear. We studied whether glucose levels in oviducts are elevated when pregestational diabetic females get pregnant and whether the oviductal HG (OVHG) would act directly on embryos to increase offspring's T2DM susceptibility. METHODS We established an in vivo model of OVHG by injecting female mice with streptozotocin (STZ) during the preimplantation period and an in vitro model of embryo culture with HG (ECHG) by culturing preimplantation embryos with HG, before examining glucose tolerance and insulin resistance (IR) in F1 and F2 offspring. FINDINGS Injection of female mice with STZ induced a lasting significant glucose elevation in blood and oviduct fluid during the preimplantation period. The glucose tolerance test showed that both the STZ-induced OVHG and the ECHG caused glucose intolerance in F1 male and F1-sired F2 male offspring but had no effect on female offspring. Insulin tolerance test and the analysis for IR-related gene expression and glycogen contents in liver and muscle revealed significant IR in these male offspring. INTERPRETATION This study provided evidence that HG can act directly on preimplantation embryos to increase offspring's T2DM susceptibility suggesting that the preimplantation period is a critical stage for transmission of mother's diabetes to offspring. FUND: This study was supported by grants from the China National Natural Science Foundation (Nos. 31772599, 32072738, 31702114, and 31902160), and the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (Nos. ZR2022MC036, ZR2017BC025 and ZR2020QC102).
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Liang Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an City 271018, PR China
| | - Hong-Jie Yuan
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an City 271018, PR China
| | - Qiao-Qiao Kong
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an City 271018, PR China
| | - Jie Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an City 271018, PR China
| | - Xiao Han
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an City 271018, PR China
| | - Shuai Gong
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an City 271018, PR China
| | - Ming-Tao Xu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an City 271018, PR China
| | - Nan He
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an City 271018, PR China
| | - Ming-Jiu Luo
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an City 271018, PR China
| | - Jing-He Tan
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an City 271018, PR China.
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Li L, Sun L, Liang X, Ou Q, Tan X, Li F, Lai Z, Ding C, Chen H, Yu X, Wu Q, Wei J, Wu F, Wang L. Maternal betaine supplementation ameliorates fatty liver disease in offspring mice by inhibiting hepatic NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Nutr Res Pract 2023; 17:1084-1098. [PMID: 38053832 PMCID: PMC10694418 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2023.17.6.1084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Previous research has shown maternal betaine supplementation alleviates fetal-derived hepatic steatosis. Therefore, this study examined the anti-inflammatory effect of maternal betaine intake in offspring mice and its mechanism. MATERIALS/METHODS Female C57BL/6J mice and their offspring were randomly divided into 3 groups according to the treatment received during gestation and lactation: control diet (CD), fatty liver disease (FLD), and fatty liver disease + 1% betaine (FLD-BET). The FLD group was given a high-fat diet and streptozotocin (HFD + STZ), and the FLD-BET group was treated with HFD + STZ + 1% betaine. After weaning, the offspring mice were given a normal diet for 5 weeks and then dissected to measure the relevant indexes. RESULTS Compared to the CD group, the offspring mice in the FLD group revealed obvious hepatic steatosis and increased serum levels of alanine aminotransferase, interleukin (IL)-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α; maternal betaine supplementation reversed these changes. The hepatic mRNA expression levels of IL-6, IL-18, and Caspase-1 were significantly higher in the FLD group than in the CD group. Maternal betaine supplementation reduced the expression of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-18, and apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing C-terminal caspase recruitment domain (ASC). Maternal betaine supplementation also reversed the increasing protein expressions of nitric oxide dioxygenase-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3), ASC, Caspase-1, IL-1β, and IL-18 in offspring mice exposed to HFD + STZ. Maternal betaine supplementation decreased the homocysteine (Hcy) and s-adenosine homocysteine (SAH) levels significantly in the livers. Furthermore, the hepatic Hcy concentrations showed significant inverse relationships with the mRNA expression of TNF-α, NLRP3, ASC, and IL-18. The hepatic SAH concentration was inversely associated with the IL-1β mRNA expression. CONCLUSIONS The lipotropic and anti-inflammatory effect of maternal betaine supplementation may be associated with the inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome in the livers of the offspring mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lun Li
- Department of Delivery Room, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou 510623, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liuqiao Sun
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoping Liang
- Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qian Ou
- Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuying Tan
- Department of Child Health Care, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou 510623, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fangyuan Li
- Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhiwei Lai
- Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chenghe Ding
- Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hangjun Chen
- Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinxue Yu
- Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiongmei Wu
- Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun Wei
- Department of Science and Technology, Guangzhou Customs, Guangzhou 510623, People’s Republic of China
| | - Feng Wu
- Department of Science and Technology, Guangzhou Customs, Guangzhou 510623, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lijun Wang
- Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People’s Republic of China
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Yan YS, Feng C, Yu DQ, Tian S, Zhou Y, Huang YT, Cai YT, Chen J, Zhu MM, Jin M. Long-term outcomes and potential mechanisms of offspring exposed to intrauterine hyperglycemia. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1067282. [PMID: 37255932 PMCID: PMC10226394 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1067282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus during pregnancy, which can be classified into pregestational diabetes and gestational diabetes, has become much more prevalent worldwide. Maternal diabetes fosters an intrauterine abnormal environment for fetus, which not only influences pregnancy outcomes, but also leads to fetal anomaly and development of diseases in later life, such as metabolic and cardiovascular diseases, neuropsychiatric outcomes, reproduction malformation, and immune dysfunction. The underlying mechanisms are comprehensive and ambiguous, which mainly focus on microbiota, inflammation, reactive oxygen species, cell viability, and epigenetics. This review concluded with the influence of intrauterine hyperglycemia on fetal structure development and organ function on later life and outlined potential mechanisms that underpin the development of diseases in adulthood. Maternal diabetes leaves an effect that continues generations after generations through gametes, thus more attention should be paid to the prevention and treatment of diabetes to rescue the pathological attacks of maternal diabetes from the offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Shang Yan
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chun Feng
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dan-Qing Yu
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shen Tian
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yin Zhou
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yi-Ting Huang
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yi-Ting Cai
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jian Chen
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Miao-Miao Zhu
- Department of Operating Theatre, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Min Jin
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Recombinant Expression of Human IL-33 Protein and Its Effect on Skin Wound Healing in Diabetic Mice. BIOENGINEERING (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 9:bioengineering9120734. [PMID: 36550940 PMCID: PMC9774120 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9120734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Chronic refractory wounds are one of the complications of diabetes mellitus that require effective therapy. The dermal-wound-healing property of IL-33 in diabetics is little understood. Therefore, this study aimed to express recombinant humanized mature IL-33 (rhmatIL-33) in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) and demonstrate its efficacy on dermal wounds in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic and nondiabetic mice by the dorsal incisional skin wound model. Results revealed that the rhmatIL-33 accelerated the scratch-healing of keratinocytes and fibroblasts at the cellular level. The wounds of diabetic mice (DM) showed more severe ulceration and inflammation than wild-type mice (WT), and the exogenous administration of rhmatIL-33 increased wound healing in both diabetic and wild-type mice. Compared with the up-regulation of endogenous IL-33 mRNA after injury in WT mice, the IL-33 mRNA decreased after injury in DM mice. Exogenous IL-33 administration increased the endogenous IL-33 mRNA in the DM group but decreased the IL-33 mRNA expression level of the WT group, indicating that IL-33 plays a balancing role in wound healing. IL-33 administration also elevated ILC2 cells in the wounds of diabetic and non-diabetic mice and improve the transcript levels of YM1, a marker of M2 macrophages. In conclusion, Hyperglycemia in diabetic mice inhibited the expression of IL-33 in the dermal wound. Exogenous addition of recombinant IL-33 promoted wound healing in diabetic mice by effectively increasing the level of IL-33 in wound tissue, increasing ILC2 cells, and accelerating the transformation of macrophage M1 to M2 phenotype.
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Lee SY, Lee DY, Kang JH, Jeong JW, Kim JH, Kim HW, Oh DH, Kim JM, Rhim SJ, Kim GD, Kim HS, Jang YD, Park Y, Hur SJ. Alternative experimental approaches to reduce animal use in biomedical studies. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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