1
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Yue Y, Yang R, Zhang W, Cheng Q, Zhou H, Zhang Y. Cesium Cyclopropane Acid-Aided Crystal Growth Enables Efficient Inorganic Perovskite Solar Cells with a High Moisture Tolerance. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202315717. [PMID: 37991408 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202315717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
While all-inorganic halide perovskites (iHPs) are promising photovoltaic materials, the associated water sensitivity of iHPs calls for stringent humidity control to reach satisfactory photovoltaic efficiencies. Herein, we report a moisture-insensitive perovskite formation route under ambient air for CsPbI2 Br-based iHPs via cesium cyclopropane acids (C3 ) as a compound introducer. With this approach, appreciably enhanced crystallization quality and moisture tolerance of CsPbI2 Br are attained. The improvements are attributed to the modified evaporation enthalpy of the volatile side product of DMA-acid initiated by Cs-acids. As such, the water-involving reaction is directed toward the DMA-acids, leaving the target CsPbI2 Br perovskites insensitive to ambient humidity. We highlight that by controlling the C3 concentration, the dependence of power conversion efficiency (PCE) in CsPbI2 Br devices on the humidity level during perovskite film formation becomes favorably weakened, with the PCEs remaining relatively high (>15 %) associated with improved device stability for RH levels changed from 25 % to 65 %. The champion solar cells yield an impressive PCE exceeding 17 %, showing small degradations (<10 %) for 2000 hours of shell storage and 300 hours of 85/85 (temperature/humidity) tests. The demonstrated C3 -based strategy provides an enabler for improving the long-sought moisture-stability of iHPs toward high photovoltaic device performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaochang Yue
- Heeger Research and Development Center, School of Chemistry, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
| | - Rongshen Yang
- Heeger Research and Development Center, School of Chemistry, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
| | - Weichao Zhang
- Heeger Research and Development Center, School of Chemistry, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
| | - Qian Cheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Huiqiong Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Heeger Research and Development Center, School of Chemistry, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
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2
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Li Y, Xu S, Zhang X, Man Y, Zhang J, Zhang G, Chen S, Duan C, Han C, Xu H. Bulk Passivation Enables Hundredfold-Enhanced Electroluminescence of Monophosphine Cu 4 I 4 Cubes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202308410. [PMID: 37578640 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202308410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Electroluminescent (EL) clusters emerged rapidly, owing to their organic-inorganic hybrid character useful for comprehensive performance integration and the potential for large-scale display and lighting applications. However, despite their good photoluminescent (PL) properties, until present, no efficient EL monodentate ligand-based clusters were reported due to structural variation during processing and excitation and exciton confinement on cluster-centered quenching states. Here we demonstrate an effective bulky passivation strategy for efficient cluster light-emitting diodes with a monophosphine Cu4 I4 cube named [TMeOPP]4 Cu4 I4 . With terminal pyridine groups, an active matrix named TmPyPB supports an effective host-cluster interplay for configuration fixation, structural stabilization, and exciton-confinement optimization. Compared to common inactive hosts, the passivation effects of TmPyPB markedly reduce trap-state densities by 24-40 % to suppress nonradiative decay, resulting in state-of-the-art PL and EL quantum yields reaching 99 % and 15.6 %, respectively, which are significantly improved by about 7-fold. TmPyPB simultaneously increases EL luminance to 104 nits, which is ≈100-fold that of the non-doped analogue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Materials, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150080, P. R. China
| | - Siwei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Materials, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150080, P. R. China
| | - Xianfa Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Materials, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150080, P. R. China
| | - Yi Man
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Materials, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150080, P. R. China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Materials, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150080, P. R. China
| | - Guangming Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Materials, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150080, P. R. China
| | - Shuo Chen
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Materials, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150080, P. R. China
| | - Chunbo Duan
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Materials, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150080, P. R. China
| | - Chunmiao Han
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Materials, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150080, P. R. China
| | - Hui Xu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Materials, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150080, P. R. China
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3
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Li Y, Zhang X, Man Y, Xu S, Zhang J, Zhang G, Chen S, Duan C, Han C, Xu H. Interfacial Passivation Enormously Enhances Electroluminescence of Triphenylphosphine Cu 4 I 4 Cube. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2302984. [PMID: 37267437 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202302984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Defect is one of the key factors limiting optoelectronic performances of organic-inorganic hybrid systems. Although high-efficiency bidentate ligands based electroluminescent (EL) clusters reported, until present, only few EL clusters based on monodentate ligands are realized since their structural instability induces more surface/interface defects. Herein, this bottleneck is first overcome in virtue of interfacial passivation by electron transporting layers (ETL). Through using TmPyPB with meta-linked pyridines as ETL, photoluminescent (PL) and EL quantum efficiencies of the simplest monophosphine Cu4 I4 cube [TPP]4 Cu4 I4 are greatly improved by ≈2 and 23 folds, respectively, as well as ≈200 folds increased luminance, corresponding to a huge leap from nearly unlighted (<20 nits) to highly bright (>3000 nits). The passivation effect of TmPyPB on surface defects of cluster layer is embodied as preventing interfacial charge trapping and suppressing exciton nonradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Materials, Heilongjiang University 74 Xuefu Road, Harbin, 150080, P. R. China
| | - Xianfa Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Materials, Heilongjiang University 74 Xuefu Road, Harbin, 150080, P. R. China
| | - Yi Man
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Materials, Heilongjiang University 74 Xuefu Road, Harbin, 150080, P. R. China
| | - Shiwei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Materials, Heilongjiang University 74 Xuefu Road, Harbin, 150080, P. R. China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Materials, Heilongjiang University 74 Xuefu Road, Harbin, 150080, P. R. China
| | - Guangming Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Materials, Heilongjiang University 74 Xuefu Road, Harbin, 150080, P. R. China
| | - Shuo Chen
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Materials, Heilongjiang University 74 Xuefu Road, Harbin, 150080, P. R. China
| | - Chunbo Duan
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Materials, Heilongjiang University 74 Xuefu Road, Harbin, 150080, P. R. China
| | - Chunmiao Han
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Materials, Heilongjiang University 74 Xuefu Road, Harbin, 150080, P. R. China
| | - Hui Xu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Materials, Heilongjiang University 74 Xuefu Road, Harbin, 150080, P. R. China
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4
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Zhang Z, Ji R, Hofstetter YJ, Deconinck M, Brunner J, Li Y, An Q, Vaynzof Y. Towards low-temperature processing of efficient γ-CsPbI 3 perovskite solar cells. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY. A 2023; 11:16115-16126. [PMID: 38013759 PMCID: PMC10394668 DOI: 10.1039/d3ta03249c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Inorganic cesium lead iodide (CsPbI3) perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have attracted enormous attention due to their excellent thermal stability and optical bandgap (∼1.73 eV), well-suited for tandem device applications. However, achieving high-performance photovoltaic devices processed at low temperatures is still challenging. Here we reported a new method for the fabrication of high-efficiency and stable γ-CsPbI3 PSCs at lower temperatures than was previously possible by introducing the long-chain organic cation salt ethane-1,2-diammonium iodide (EDAI2) and regulating the content of lead acetate (Pb(OAc)2) in the perovskite precursor solution. We find that EDAI2 acts as an intermediate that can promote the formation of γ-CsPbI3, while excess Pb(OAc)2 can further stabilize the γ-phase of CsPbI3 perovskite. Consequently, improved crystallinity and morphology and reduced carrier recombination are observed in the CsPbI3 films fabricated by the new method. By optimizing the hole transport layer of CsPbI3 inverted architecture solar cells, we demonstrate efficiencies of up to 16.6%, surpassing previous reports examining γ-CsPbI3 in inverted PSCs. Notably, the encapsulated solar cells maintain 97% of their initial efficiency at room temperature and under dim light for 25 days, demonstrating the synergistic effect of EDAI2 and Pb(OAc)2 in stabilizing γ-CsPbI3 PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongbao Zhang
- Chair for Emerging Electronic Technologies, Technische Universität Dresden Nöthnitzer Straße 61 01187 Dresden Germany
- Leibniz-Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden Helmholtzstraße 20 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Ran Ji
- Chair for Emerging Electronic Technologies, Technische Universität Dresden Nöthnitzer Straße 61 01187 Dresden Germany
- Leibniz-Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden Helmholtzstraße 20 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Yvonne J Hofstetter
- Chair for Emerging Electronic Technologies, Technische Universität Dresden Nöthnitzer Straße 61 01187 Dresden Germany
- Leibniz-Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden Helmholtzstraße 20 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Marielle Deconinck
- Chair for Emerging Electronic Technologies, Technische Universität Dresden Nöthnitzer Straße 61 01187 Dresden Germany
- Leibniz-Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden Helmholtzstraße 20 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Julius Brunner
- Chair for Emerging Electronic Technologies, Technische Universität Dresden Nöthnitzer Straße 61 01187 Dresden Germany
- Leibniz-Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden Helmholtzstraße 20 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Yanxiu Li
- Chair for Emerging Electronic Technologies, Technische Universität Dresden Nöthnitzer Straße 61 01187 Dresden Germany
- Leibniz-Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden Helmholtzstraße 20 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Qingzhi An
- Chair for Emerging Electronic Technologies, Technische Universität Dresden Nöthnitzer Straße 61 01187 Dresden Germany
- Leibniz-Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden Helmholtzstraße 20 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Yana Vaynzof
- Chair for Emerging Electronic Technologies, Technische Universität Dresden Nöthnitzer Straße 61 01187 Dresden Germany
- Leibniz-Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden Helmholtzstraße 20 01069 Dresden Germany
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5
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Yu G, Jiang KJ, Gu WM, Jiao X, Xue T, Zhang Y, Song Y. Facile Dimension Transformation Strategy for Fabrication of Efficient and Stable CsPbI 3 Perovskite Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:17825-17833. [PMID: 36990658 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c23289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
All-inorganic cesium lead triiodide (CsPbI3) perovskite has received increasing attention due to its intrinsic thermal stability and suitable band gap for photovoltaic applications. However, it is difficult to deposit high-quality pure-phase CsPbI3 films using CsI and PbI2 as precursors due to the rapid nucleation and crystal growth by the solution coating method. Here, a simple cation-exchange approach is employed to fabricate all-inorganic 3D CsPbI3 perovskite, where 1D ethylammonium lead (EAPbI3) perovskite is first solution-deposited and then transformed to 3D CsPbI3 via ion exchange between EA+ and Cs+ during thermal annealing. The large space between the PbI3- skeletons in 1D EAPbI3 favors the cation interdiffusion and exchange for the formation of pure-phase 3D CsPbI3 with full compactness and high crystallinity and orientation. The resulting CsPbI3 film exhibits a low trap density of state and high charge mobility, and the perovskite solar cell shows a power-conversion efficiency of 18.2% with enhanced stability. This strategy provides an alternative and promising fabrication route for the fabrication of high-quality all-inorganic perovskite devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanghui Yu
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Ke-Jian Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing, Institute of Chemistry, CAS, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Wei-Min Gu
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing, Institute of Chemistry, CAS, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Xinning Jiao
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing, Institute of Chemistry, CAS, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Tangyue Xue
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Yiqiang Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Yanlin Song
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing, Institute of Chemistry, CAS, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
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6
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Wang H, Liu H, Dong Z, Wei X, Li W, Zhu L, Zhu C, Bai Y, Chen H. Dimethyl sulfoxide: a promising solvent for inorganic CsPbI 3 perovskite. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2023; 68:192-202. [PMID: 36681587 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2023.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Inorganic CsPbI3 perovskite is an important photovoltaic material due to its suitable band gap and high chemical stability. However, it is a challenge to grow high-quality CsPbI3 perovskite because the stability of perovskite phase is low and is sensitive to solvent. So far, most of CsPbI3 perovskites in high-performance perovskite solar cells (PSCs) were prepared from N,N-dimethylformamide, a highly toxic solvent, and no successful case has been reported for dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), which is environmentally-friendly with considerably higher complexation capability. Herein, we reveal that forming DMSO-based adduct is the main cause for limiting the quality of CsPbI3 perovskite from DMSO-based solutions, which would inhibit the formation of DMAPbI3 (DMA = dimethylammonium, (CH3)2NH2+) intermediate. Then, by introducing a vacuum treatment, DMSO molecules could be efficiently extracted from the adduct to induce the formation of DMAPbI3 intermediate. After annealing, the intermediate is transitioned to the CsPbI3 perovskite with enhanced crystallinity, high orientation, low defect density, and high uniformity. By using the CsPbI3 perovskite as a light absorber, the PSCs based on carbon electrode (C-PSCs) achieve an efficiency of 16.7%, a new record for inorganic C-PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailiang Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Huicong Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zijing Dong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xueyuan Wei
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, MIIT Key Laboratory for Low-dimensional Quantum Structure and Devices, Experimental Center of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Weiping Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Liqun Zhu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Cheng Zhu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, MIIT Key Laboratory for Low-dimensional Quantum Structure and Devices, Experimental Center of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yang Bai
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, MIIT Key Laboratory for Low-dimensional Quantum Structure and Devices, Experimental Center of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Haining Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China.
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7
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Šimėnas M, Balčiu̅nas S, Ga̧gor A, Pienia̧żek A, Tolborg K, Kinka M, Klimavicius V, Svirskas Š, Kalendra V, Ptak M, Szewczyk D, Herman AP, Kudrawiec R, Sieradzki A, Grigalaitis R, Walsh A, Ma̧czka M, Banys J. Mixology of MA 1-x EA x PbI 3 Hybrid Perovskites: Phase Transitions, Cation Dynamics, and Photoluminescence. CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS : A PUBLICATION OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2022; 34:10104-10112. [PMID: 36439319 PMCID: PMC9686138 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.2c02807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Mixing molecular cations in hybrid lead halide perovskites is a highly effective approach to enhance the stability and performance of optoelectronic devices based on these compounds. In this work, we prepare and study novel mixed 3D methylammonium (MA)-ethylammonium (EA) MA1-x EA x PbI3 (x < 0.4) hybrid perovskites. We use a suite of different techniques to determine the structural phase diagram, cation dynamics, and photoluminescence properties of these compounds. Upon introduction of EA, we observe a gradual lowering of the phase-transition temperatures, indicating stabilization of the cubic phase. For mixing levels higher than 30%, we obtain a complete suppression of the low-temperature phase transition and formation of a new tetragonal phase with a different symmetry. We use broad-band dielectric spectroscopy to study the dielectric response of the mixed compounds in an extensive frequency range, which allows us to distinguish and characterize three distinct dipolar relaxation processes related to the molecular cation dynamics. We observe that mixing increases the rotation barrier of the MA cations and tunes the dielectric permittivity values. For the highest mixing levels, we observe the signatures of the dipolar glass phase formation. Our findings are supported by density functional theory calculations. Our photoluminescence measurements reveal a small change of the band gap upon mixing, indicating the suitability of these compounds for optoelectronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mantas Šimėnas
- Faculty
of Physics, Vilnius University, Sauletekio 3, LT-10257Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Sergejus Balčiu̅nas
- Faculty
of Physics, Vilnius University, Sauletekio 3, LT-10257Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Anna Ga̧gor
- Institute
of Low Temperature and Structure Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Okólna 2, 50-422, PL-50-422Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Pienia̧żek
- Department
of Semiconductor Materials Engineering, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego 27, PL-50-370Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Kasper Tolborg
- Thomas
Young Centre and Department of Materials, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZLondon, U.K.
| | - Martynas Kinka
- Faculty
of Physics, Vilnius University, Sauletekio 3, LT-10257Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Vytautas Klimavicius
- Institute
of Chemical Physics, Vilnius University, Sauletekio 3, LT-10257Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Šaru̅nas Svirskas
- Faculty
of Physics, Vilnius University, Sauletekio 3, LT-10257Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Vidmantas Kalendra
- Faculty
of Physics, Vilnius University, Sauletekio 3, LT-10257Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Maciej Ptak
- Institute
of Low Temperature and Structure Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Okólna 2, 50-422, PL-50-422Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Daria Szewczyk
- Institute
of Low Temperature and Structure Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Okólna 2, 50-422, PL-50-422Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Artur P. Herman
- Department
of Semiconductor Materials Engineering, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego 27, PL-50-370Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Robert Kudrawiec
- Department
of Semiconductor Materials Engineering, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego 27, PL-50-370Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Adam Sieradzki
- Department
of Experimental Physics, Wroclaw University
of Science and Technology, Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego 27, PL-50-370Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Robertas Grigalaitis
- Faculty
of Physics, Vilnius University, Sauletekio 3, LT-10257Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Aron Walsh
- Thomas
Young Centre and Department of Materials, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZLondon, U.K.
| | - Mirosław Ma̧czka
- Institute
of Low Temperature and Structure Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Okólna 2, 50-422, PL-50-422Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Ju̅ras Banys
- Faculty
of Physics, Vilnius University, Sauletekio 3, LT-10257Vilnius, Lithuania
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8
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Zhou X, Ge C, Liang X, Wang F, Duan D, Lin H, Zhu Q, Hu H. Dimethylammonium Cation-Induced 1D/3D Heterostructure for Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27217566. [PMID: 36364394 PMCID: PMC9656943 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27217566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Mixed-dimensional perovskite engineering has been demonstrated as a simple and useful approach to achieving highly efficient and more-durable perovskite solar cells (PSCs), which have attracted increasing research interests worldwide. In this work, 1D/3D mixed-dimensional perovskite has been successfully obtained by introducing DMAI via a two-step deposition method. The additive DMA+ can facilitate the crystalline growth and form 1D DMAPbI3 at grain boundaries of 3D perovskite, leading to improved morphology, longer charge carrier lifetime, and remarkably reduced bulk trap density for perovskite films. Meanwhile, the presence of low-dimension perovskite is able to prevent the intrusion of moisture, resulting in enhanced long-term stability. As a result, the PSCs incorporated with 1D DMAPbI3 exhibited a first-class power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 21.43% and maintained 85% of their initial efficiency after storage under ambient conditions with ~45% RH for 1000 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianfang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hoffmann Institute of Advanced Materials, Postdoctoral Innovation Practice Base, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Chuangye Ge
- Hoffmann Institute of Advanced Materials, Postdoctoral Innovation Practice Base, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xiao Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hoffmann Institute of Advanced Materials, Postdoctoral Innovation Practice Base, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Fei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hoffmann Institute of Advanced Materials, Postdoctoral Innovation Practice Base, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Dawei Duan
- Hoffmann Institute of Advanced Materials, Postdoctoral Innovation Practice Base, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Haoran Lin
- Hoffmann Institute of Advanced Materials, Postdoctoral Innovation Practice Base, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Quanyao Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
- Correspondence: (Q.Z.); (H.H.)
| | - Hanlin Hu
- Hoffmann Institute of Advanced Materials, Postdoctoral Innovation Practice Base, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Correspondence: (Q.Z.); (H.H.)
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9
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Jin B, Liang F, Zhao D, Lu Y, Liu L, Liu F, Chen Z, Bi G, Wang P, Zhang Q, Qiu M. Suppression of Phase Transitions in Perovskite Thin Films through Cryogenic Electron Beam Irradiation. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:7449-7456. [PMID: 36098785 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c02368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites (OIHPs) with superior optoelectronic properties have emerged as revolutionary semiconductor materials for diverse applications. A fundamental understanding of the interplay between the microscopic molecular-level structure and the macroscopic optoelectronic properties is essential to boost device performance toward theoretical limits. Here, we reveal the critical role of CH3NH3+ (MA) in the regulation of the physicochemical and optoelectronic properties of a MAPbI3 film irradiated by an electron beam at 130 K. The order-to-disorder transformation of the MA cation not only leads to a notably enhanced photoluminescence emission but also results in the suppression of the orthorhombic phase down to 85 K. Taking advantage of the regulation of MA cation dynamics, we demonstrate a perovskite photodetector with 100% photocurrent enhancement and long-term stability exceeding one month. Our study provides a powerful tool for regulating the optoelectronic properties and stabilities of perovskites and highlights potential opportunities related to the organic cation in OIHPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binbin Jin
- Key Laboratory of 3D Micro/Nano Fabrication and Characterization of Zhejiang Province, School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China
- School of Information and Electrical Engineering, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310015, China
- Institute of Advanced Technology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China
| | - Fei Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials and Institute of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Ding Zhao
- Key Laboratory of 3D Micro/Nano Fabrication and Characterization of Zhejiang Province, School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China
- Institute of Advanced Technology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China
| | - Yihan Lu
- Key Laboratory of 3D Micro/Nano Fabrication and Characterization of Zhejiang Province, School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China
- Institute of Advanced Technology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China
| | - Lufang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China
| | - Fengjiang Liu
- Key Laboratory of 3D Micro/Nano Fabrication and Characterization of Zhejiang Province, School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China
- Institute of Advanced Technology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China
| | - Zhong Chen
- Instrumentation and Service Center for Molecular Sciences, School of Science, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China
| | - Gang Bi
- School of Information and Electrical Engineering, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310015, China
| | - Pan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Min Qiu
- Key Laboratory of 3D Micro/Nano Fabrication and Characterization of Zhejiang Province, School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China
- Institute of Advanced Technology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China
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10
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Yu G, Jiang KJ, Gu WM, Li Y, Lin Y, Xu Y, Jiao X, Xue T, Zhang Y, Song Y. Vacuum-Assisted Thermal Annealing of CsPbI 3 for Highly Stable and Efficient Inorganic Perovskite Solar Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202203778. [PMID: 35488103 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202203778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Inorganic cesium lead iodide perovskite CsPbI3 is attracting great attention as a light absorber for single or multi-junction photovoltaics due to its outstanding thermal stability and proper band gap. However, the device performance of CsPbI3 -based perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is limited by the unsatisfactory crystal quality and thus severe non-radiative recombination. Here, vacuum-assisted thermal annealing (VATA) is demonstrated as an effective approach for controlling the morphology and crystallinity of the CsPbI3 perovskite films formed from the precursors of PbI2 , CsI, and dimethylammonium iodide (DMAI). By this method, a large-area and high-quality CsPbI3 film is obtained, exhibiting a much reduced trap-state density with prolonged charge lifetime. Consequently, the solar cell efficiency is raised from 17.26 to 20.06 %, along with enhanced stability. The VATA would be an effective approach for fabricating high-performance thin-film CsPbI3 perovskite optoelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanghui Yu
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.,College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Ke-Jian Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Wei-Min Gu
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Yawen Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Yuze Lin
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Yanting Xu
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Xinning Jiao
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Tangyue Xue
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Yiqiang Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Yanlin Song
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
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11
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Wang H, Liu H, Dong Z, Wei X, Li W, Zhu L, Zhu C, Bai Y, Chen H. Moisture is not always bad: H2O accelerates the conversion of DMAPbI3 intermediate to CsPbI3 for boosting the efficiency of carbon-based perovskite solar cells to over 16%. FUNDAMENTAL RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2022.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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12
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Li T, Wu Y, Liu Z, Yang Y, Luo H, Li L, Chen P, Gao X, Tan H. Cesium acetate-assisted crystallization for high-performance inverted CsPbI 3perovskite solar cells. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 33:375205. [PMID: 35675793 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac76d5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Efficient inverted (p-i-n) type CsPbI3perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have revealed promising applications due to their excellent thermal and photostability. Regulating the nucleation and crystallization of perovskite film is an important route to improving the performance of CsPbI3PSCs. Herein, we explored cesium acetate (CsAc) as additive to manipulate the crystallization process of CsPbI3perovskite films. By involving in the intermediate phase DMA1-xCsxPbI3-yAcyof perovskite, the pseudo-halide acetate (Ac-) can retard the ion exchange reaction between DMA+and Cs+, leading to a perovskite with dense morphology, low defect density, and a long carrier lifetime. As a result, the optimal CsPbI3PSCs yielded a high power conversion efficiency of 18.3%. Moreover, the encapsulated devices showed excellent operational stability and the devices retained their initial performance following 500 h of operation at the maximum power point under one-sun illumination in ambient conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Critical Earth Material Cycling, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Wu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhou Liu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Critical Earth Material Cycling, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanbo Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Haowen Luo
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Critical Earth Material Cycling, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Ludong Li
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Critical Earth Material Cycling, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueping Gao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Hairen Tan
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Critical Earth Material Cycling, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
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13
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Zhang L, Guo T, Liu B, Du D, Xu S, Zheng H, Zhu L, Pan X, Liu G. Intermediate-Phase-Modified Crystallization for Stable and Efficient CsPbI 3 Perovskite Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:19614-19622. [PMID: 35467824 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c04308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
All-inorganic CsPbI3 perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are becoming desirable for their excellent photovoltaic ability and adjustable crystal structure distortion. However, the unsatisfactory crystallization of the perovskite phase is unavoidable and leads to challenges on the road to the development of high-quality CsPbI3 perovskite films. Here, we reported the intermediate-phase-modified crystallization (IPMC) method, which introduces pyrrolidine hydroiodide (PI) before the formation of the perovskite phase. The hydrogen bonding, which originates from the interaction between the -NH in PI and the dimethylammonium iodide (DMAI) from the precursor solution, improved the crystallization conditions and further prompted the transition from the DMAPbI3 phase to CsPbI3 perovskite phase. The application of the IPMC method not only decreased the trap density but also changed the energy alignment for better separation of electron-hole pairs. As a result, the devices based on the PI-CsPbI3 perovskite films reached an efficiency of 18.72% and maintained 85% of their initial PCE after 1000 h of being stored in an ambient environment (∼25% RH, 25 °C). This work stimulates inspiration on how to conveniently fabricate high-quality perovskite films in industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic and Energy Conservation Materials, Institute of Solid State Physics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, P. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Tianle Guo
- Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic and Energy Conservation Materials, Institute of Solid State Physics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, P. R. China
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P. R. China
| | - Boyuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic and Energy Conservation Materials, Institute of Solid State Physics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, P. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Du Du
- Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic and Energy Conservation Materials, Institute of Solid State Physics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, P. R. China
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P. R. China
| | - Shendong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic and Energy Conservation Materials, Institute of Solid State Physics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, P. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Haiying Zheng
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P. R. China
| | - Liangzheng Zhu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics at Extreme Conditions, High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Science, Hefei 230031, P. R. China
| | - Xu Pan
- Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic and Energy Conservation Materials, Institute of Solid State Physics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, P. R. China
| | - Guozhen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic and Energy Conservation Materials, Institute of Solid State Physics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, P. R. China
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14
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Yu G, Jiang KJ, Gu WM, Li Y, Lin Y, Xu Y, Jiao X, Xue T, Zhang Y, Song Y. Vacuum‐Assisted Thermal Annealing of CsPbI3 for Highly Stable and Efficient Inorganic Perovskite Solar Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202203778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guanghui Yu
- Zhengzhou University College of Chemistry CHINA
| | - Ke-Jian Jiang
- Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Green Printing CHINA
| | - Wei-Min Gu
- Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Green Printing CHINA
| | - Yawen Li
- Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids CHINA
| | - Yuze Lin
- Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids CHINA
| | - Yanting Xu
- Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Green Printing CHINA
| | - Xinning Jiao
- Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Green Printing CHINA
| | - Tangyue Xue
- Zhengzhou University College of Chemistry CHINA
| | | | - Yanlin Song
- Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Green Printing No.2,1st North Street,Zhongguancun 100190 Beijing CHINA
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15
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Fu X, Li W, Zeng X, Yan C, Peng X, Gao Y, Wang Q, Cao J, Yang S, Yang W. Structurally Tolerance-Factor-Tuned Metal Halide Nanocrystals for Environmentally Stable and Efficient Red Light-Emitting Diodes. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:2217-2225. [PMID: 35234477 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c00361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Black phase CsPbI3, naturally possessing the superiority of high radiative recombination efficiency and narrow emission line width, shows promise for commercial applications of red perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs). However, the metastable black phase CsPbI3 with a marginal tolerance factor (t) of 0.81 would easily convert to the nonoptical yellow phase. Herein, we demonstrate the strategy of partial substitution of larger dimethylammonium cation (DMA+) for Cs+ to achieve the stable tolerance factor of 0.903 for greatly improved Cs0.7DMA0.3PbI3 nanocrystals. These NCs present a superior ultraviolet (UV) irradiation stability by retaining 80% of the initial photoluminescence intensity after 5 h, which is much better than that of its counterparts (retaining 30%). Based on this, the as-developed red PeLEDs demonstrate remarkable luminance of 1258 cd/m2 and external quantum efficiency of 3.39%, which are almost 6 times and 3 times that of its counterparts, respectively (203 cd/m2 and 1.28%). This strategy may pave the way to improving the stability and efficiency of PeLEDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuehai Fu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Traction Power, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, PR China
| | - Wen Li
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Traction Power, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, PR China
| | - Xiankan Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Traction Power, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, PR China
| | - Cheng Yan
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Traction Power, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, PR China
| | - Xiaodong Peng
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Traction Power, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, PR China
| | - Yue Gao
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Traction Power, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, PR China
| | - Qungui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Traction Power, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, PR China
| | - Jingjing Cao
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Traction Power, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, PR China
| | - Shiyu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Traction Power, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, PR China
| | - Weiqing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Traction Power, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, PR China
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16
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Drozdowski D, Gągor A, Mączka M. Methylhydrazinium lead iodide – one dimensional chain phase with excitonic absorption and large energy band gap. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.131660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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17
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Wang S, Wang A, Hao F. Toward stable lead halide perovskite solar cells: A knob on the A/X sites components. iScience 2022; 25:103599. [PMID: 35005546 PMCID: PMC8717592 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Hybrid lead halide ABX3 perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have emerged as a strong competitor to the traditional solar cells with a certified power conversion efficiency beyond 25% and other remarkable features such as light weight, solution processability, and low manufacturing cost. Further development on the efficiency and stability brings forth increasing attention in the component regulation, such as partial or entire substitution of A/B/X sites by alternative elements with similar size. However, the relationships between composition, property, and performance are poorly understood. Here, the instability of PSCs from the photon-, moisture-, thermal-, and mechanical-induced degradation was first summarized and discussed. In addition, the component regulation from the A/X sites is highlighted from the aspects of band level alignment, charge-carrier dynamics, ion migration, crystallization behavior, residual strain, stoichiometry, and dimensionality control. Finally, the perspectives and future outlooks are highlighted to guide the rational design and practical application of PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shurong Wang
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Aili Wang
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Feng Hao
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
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18
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Chen Y, Liu X, Zhao Y. Organic Matrix Assisted Low‐temperature Crystallization of Black Phase Inorganic Perovskites. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202110603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuetian Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Xiaomin Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Yixin Zhao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security Shanghai 200240 China
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19
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Fan Y, Wang X, Miao Y, Zhao Y. The Chemical Design in High-Performance Lead Halide Perovskite: Additive vs Dopant? J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:11636-11644. [PMID: 34822243 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c03399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Metal halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have attracted enormous attention as one of the most promising candidates for next-generation photovoltaics in the past few years. During the development of PSCs, various chemicals have been added to improve film quality and device performance. However, there are still debates about whether these chemicals are additives as removed from the final film or dopants incorporated into the crystal lattice. It is important to clarify whether these added chemicals are additives or dopants when designed for high-quality perovskite films' fabrications. Herein, we summarized several commonly used chemicals for hybrid and all-inorganic perovskites, such as MACl, DMAI, MAAc, and alkali metal cations. The underlying mechanism and their roles during the formation of perovskite films were discussed. In the end, we proposed some conclusive important factors to clarify additives and dopants, which would be helpful for the further chemical design for improving high-performance perovskite devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingping Fan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xingtao Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yanfeng Miao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yixin Zhao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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20
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Zhang J, Zhao W, Olthof S, Liu SF. Defects in CsPbX 3 Perovskite: From Understanding to Effective Manipulation for High-Performance Solar Cells. SMALL METHODS 2021; 5:e2100725. [PMID: 34927958 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202100725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The rapid development of all inorganic metal perovskite (CsPbX3 , X represents halogen) materials holds great promise for top-cells in tandem junctions due to their glorious thermal stability and continuous adjustable band gap in a wide range. Due to the presence of defects, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of CsPbX3 perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is still substantially below the Shockley-Queisser (SQ) limit. Therefore, it is imperative to have an in-depth understanding of the defects in PSCs, thus to evaluate their impact on device performances and to develop corresponding strategies to manipulate defects in PSCs for further promoting their photoelectric properties. In this review, the latest progress in defect passivation in the CsPbX3 PSCs field is summarized. Starting from the effect of non-radiative recombination on open circuit voltage (Voc ) losses, the defect physics, tolerance, self-healing, and the effect of defects on the photovoltaic properties are discussed. Some techniques to identify defects are compared based on quantitative and qualitative analysis. Then, passivation manipulation is discussed in detail, the defect passivation mechanisms are proposed, and the passivation agents in CsPbX3 thin films are classified. Finally, directions for future research about defect manipulation that will push the field to progress forward are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingru Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, Institute for Advanced Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Wangen Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, Institute for Advanced Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Selina Olthof
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, Institute for Advanced Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Cologne, 50939, Cologne, Germany
| | - Shengzhong Frank Liu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, Institute for Advanced Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning, 116023, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China
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21
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Chen Y, Liu X, Zhao Y. Organic Matrix Assisted Low-temperature Crystallization of Black Phase Inorganic Perovskites. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 61:e202110603. [PMID: 34491611 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202110603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
All-inorganic perovskites have attracted increasing attention for applications in perovskite solar cells (PSCs) and optoelectronics, including light-emitting devices (LEDs). Cesium lead halide perovskites with tunable I/Br ratios and a band gap aligning with the sunlight region are promising candidates for PSCs. Although impressive progress has been made to improve device efficiency from the initial 2.9 % with low phase stability to over 20 % with high stability, there are still questions regarding the perovskite crystal growth mechanism, especially at low temperatures. In this Minireview, we summarize recent developments in using an organic matrix, including the addition and use of organic ions, polymers, and solvent molecules, for the crystallization of black phase inorganic perovskites at temperatures lower than the phase transition point. We also discuss possible mechanisms for this low-temperature crystallization and their effect on the stability of black phase perovskites. We conclude with an outlook and perspective for further fabrication of large-scale inorganic perovskites for optoelectronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuetian Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Xiaomin Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yixin Zhao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.,Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200240, China
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22
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O'Kane ME, Smith JA, Alanazi TI, Cassella EJ, Game O, van Meurs S, Lidzey DG. Perovskites on Ice: An Additive-Free Approach to Increase the Shelf-Life of Triple-Cation Perovskite Precursor Solutions. CHEMSUSCHEM 2021; 14:2537-2546. [PMID: 33872471 PMCID: PMC8251910 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202100332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The development of stable perovskite precursor solutions is critical if solution-processable perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are to be practically manufacturable. Ideally, such precursors should combine high solution stability without using chemical additives that might compromise PSC performance. Here, it was shown that the shelf-life of high-performing perovskite precursors could be greatly improved by storing solutions at low-temperature without the need to alter chemical composition. Devices fabricated from solutions stored for 31 days at 4 °C achieved a champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 18.6 % (97 % of original PCE). The choice of precursor solvent also impacted solution shelf-life, with DMSO-based solutions having enhanced solution stability compared to those including DMF. The compositions of aged precursors were explored using NMR spectroscopy, and films made from these solutions were analysed using X-ray diffraction. It was concluded that the improvement in precursor solution stability is directly linked to the suppression of an addition-elimination reaction and the preservation of higher amounts of methylammonium within solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary E. O'Kane
- Department of Physics and AstronomyUniversity of SheffieldHicks Building, Hounsfield RoadSheffieldS3 7RHUK
| | - Joel A. Smith
- Department of Physics and AstronomyUniversity of SheffieldHicks Building, Hounsfield RoadSheffieldS3 7RHUK
| | - Tarek I. Alanazi
- Department of Physics and AstronomyUniversity of SheffieldHicks Building, Hounsfield RoadSheffieldS3 7RHUK
- Department of PhysicsCollege of ScienceNorthern Border UniversityArar73222 (Kingdom ofSaudi Arabia
| | - Elena J. Cassella
- Department of Physics and AstronomyUniversity of SheffieldHicks Building, Hounsfield RoadSheffieldS3 7RHUK
| | - Onkar Game
- Department of Physics and AstronomyUniversity of SheffieldHicks Building, Hounsfield RoadSheffieldS3 7RHUK
| | - Sandra van Meurs
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of SheffieldDainton Building, 13 Brook HillSheffieldS3 7HFUK
| | - David G. Lidzey
- Department of Physics and AstronomyUniversity of SheffieldHicks Building, Hounsfield RoadSheffieldS3 7RHUK
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23
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Han B, Zhang L, Cao Y, Li B, Liu Z, Xu L, Wang P, Lin P, Wu X, Cui C. Antisolvent engineering on low-temperature processed CsPbI 3 inorganic perovskites for improved performances of solar cells. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 32:185402. [PMID: 33472186 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/abde03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
CsPbI3 inorganic perovskites with ideal bandgap and much enhanced thermal stability compared with organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites, have attracted much interest in the field of solar cells. The performances of solar cells highly depend on the quality of perovskite films, yet the research on fabrication methods of inorganic perovskites is far below that of organic-inorganic hybrid counterparts. Antisolvent engineering is a widely used method in controlling the morphology and crystallinity of organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites. Its effect varies with parameters such as the physicochemical properties of antisolvents and the compositions of perovskite precursors. Specially, there lacks a comprehensive study comparing different antisolvents used in low-temperature processed CsPbI3 from dimethylammonium-based precursors. In this work, we used three different antisolvents to control the growth of CsPbI3 films in a low-temperature (<200 °C) processed procedure and systematically compared the properties of resultant films. The green antisolvent ethyl acetate (EA) engineered CsPbI3 films exhibit improved morphology and crystallinity as well as reduced defects, compared with the counterparts processed without antisolvent or those with widely employed toxic antisolvents toluene and chlorobenzene. The EA antisolvent engineering results in efficient CsPbI3 perovskite solar cells with a champion power conversion efficiency of 8.8%. Our work thus provides a green and viable way to prepare high quality CsPbI3 perovskite films for optoelectronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingquan Han
- Key Laboratory of Optical Field Manipulation of Zhejiang Province, Department of Physics, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Optical Field Manipulation of Zhejiang Province, Department of Physics, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuwei Cao
- Key Laboratory of Optical Field Manipulation of Zhejiang Province, Department of Physics, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Benyi Li
- Key Laboratory of Optical Field Manipulation of Zhejiang Province, Department of Physics, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Optical Field Manipulation of Zhejiang Province, Department of Physics, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingbo Xu
- Key Laboratory of Optical Field Manipulation of Zhejiang Province, Department of Physics, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Optical Field Manipulation of Zhejiang Province, Department of Physics, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Lin
- Key Laboratory of Optical Field Manipulation of Zhejiang Province, Department of Physics, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoping Wu
- Key Laboratory of Optical Field Manipulation of Zhejiang Province, Department of Physics, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Can Cui
- Key Laboratory of Optical Field Manipulation of Zhejiang Province, Department of Physics, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, People's Republic of China
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24
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Huang Q, Li F, Wang M, Xiang Y, Ding L, Liu M. Vapor-deposited CsPbI 3 solar cells demonstrate an efficiency of 16. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2021; 66:757-760. [PMID: 36654131 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2020.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qingrong Huang
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China; Center for Applied Chemistry, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Faming Li
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China; Center for Applied Chemistry, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Ming Wang
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China; Center for Applied Chemistry, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Yong Xiang
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China.
| | - Liming Ding
- Center for Excellence in Nanoscience (CAS), Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication (CAS), National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Mingzhen Liu
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China; Center for Applied Chemistry, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China.
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25
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Xu S, Libanori A, Luo G, Chen J. Engineering bandgap of CsPbI 3 over 1.7 eV with enhanced stability and transport properties. iScience 2021; 24:102235. [PMID: 33748717 PMCID: PMC7970358 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Potential multijunction application of CsPbI3 perovskite with silicon solar cells to reach efficiencies beyond the Shockley-Queisser limit motivates tremendous efforts to improve its phase stability and further enlarge its band gap between 1.7 and 1.8 eV. Current strategies to increase band gap via conventional mixed halide engineering are accompanied by detrimental phase segregation under illumination. Here, ethylammonium (EA) in a relatively small fraction (x < 0.15) is first investigated to fit into three-dimensional CsPbI3 framework to form pure-phase hybrid perovskites with enlarged band gap over 1.7 eV. The increase of band gap is closely associated with the distortion of Pb-I octahedra and the variation of the average Pb-I-Pb angle. Meanwhile, the introduction of EA can retard the crystallization of perovskite and tune the perovskite structure with enhanced phase stability and transport properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shumao Xu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Alberto Libanori
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Gan Luo
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Corresponding author
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26
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Lim S, Kim J, Park JY, Min J, Yun S, Park T, Kim Y, Choi J. Suppressed Degradation and Enhanced Performance of CsPbI 3 Perovskite Quantum Dot Solar Cells via Engineering of Electron Transport Layers. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:6119-6129. [PMID: 33499586 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c15484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
CsPbI3 perovskite quantum dots (CsPbI3-PQDs) have recently come into focus as a light-harvesting material that can act as a platform through which to combine the material advantages of both perovskites and QDs. However, the low cubic-phase stability of CsPbI3-PQDs in ambient conditions has been recognized as a factor that inhibits device stability. TiO2 nanoparticles are the most regularly used materials as an electron transport layer (ETL) in CsPbI3-PQD photovoltaics; however, we found that TiO2 can facilitate the cubic-phase degradation of CsPbI3-PQDs due to its vigorous photocatalytic activity. To address these issues, we have developed chloride-passivated SnO2 QDs (Cl@SnO2 QDs), which have low photocatalytic activity and few surface traps, to suppress the cubic-phase degradation of CsPbI3-PQDs. Given these advantages, the CsPbI3-PQD solar cells based on Cl@SnO2 ETLs show significantly improved device operational stability (under conditions of 50% relative humidity and 1-sun illumination), compared to those based on TiO2 ETLs. In addition, the Cl@SnO2-based devices showed improved open circuit voltage and photocurrent density, resulting in enhanced power conversion efficiency (PCE) up to 14.5% compared to that of TiO2-based control devices (PCE of 13.8%).
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Affiliation(s)
- S Lim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - J Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
- Division of Energy Technology, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - J Y Park
- Department of Energy Science and Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - J Min
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - S Yun
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - T Park
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Y Kim
- Division of Energy Technology, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - J Choi
- Department of Energy Science and Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
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27
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Wang Y, Chen Y, Zhang T, Wang X, Zhao Y. Chemically Stable Black Phase CsPbI 3 Inorganic Perovskites for High-Efficiency Photovoltaics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e2001025. [PMID: 32964519 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202001025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Research on chemically stable inorganic perovskites has achieved rapid progress in terms of high efficiency exceeding 19% and high thermal stabilities, making it one of the most promising candidates for thermodynamically stable and high-efficiency perovskite solar cells. Among those inorganic perovskites, CsPbI3 with good chemical components stability possesses the suitable bandgap (≈1.7 eV) for single-junction and tandem solar cells. Comparing to the anisotropic organic cations, the isotropic cesium cation without hydrogen bond and cation orientation renders CsPbI3 exhibit unique optoelectronic properties. However, the unideal tolerance factor of CsPbI3 induces the challenges of different crystal phase competition and room temperature phase stability. Herein, the latest important developments regarding understanding of the crystal structure and phase of CsPbI3 perovskite are presented. The development of various solution chemistry approaches for depositing high-quality phase-pure CsPbI3 perovskite is summarized. Furthermore, some important phase stabilization strategies for black phase CsPbI3 are discussed. The latest experimental and theoretical studies on the fundamental physical properties of photoactive phase CsPbI3 have deepened the understanding of inorganic perovskites. The future development and research directions toward achieving highly stable CsPbI3 materials will further advance inorganic perovskite for highly stable and efficient photovoltaics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yuetian Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Taiyang Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Xingtao Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yixin Zhao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200240, China
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28
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Simenas M, Balciunas S, Wilson JN, Svirskas S, Kinka M, Garbaras A, Kalendra V, Gagor A, Szewczyk D, Sieradzki A, Maczka M, Samulionis V, Walsh A, Grigalaitis R, Banys J. Suppression of phase transitions and glass phase signatures in mixed cation halide perovskites. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5103. [PMID: 33037192 PMCID: PMC7547736 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18938-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Cation engineering provides a route to control the structure and properties of hybrid halide perovskites, which has resulted in the highest performance solar cells based on mixtures of Cs, methylammonium, and formamidinium. Here, we present a multi-technique experimental and theoretical study of structural phase transitions, structural phases and dipolar dynamics in the mixed methylammonium/dimethylammonium MA1-xDMAxPbBr3 hybrid perovskites (0 ≤ x ≤ 1). Our results demonstrate a significant suppression of the structural phase transitions, enhanced disorder and stabilization of the cubic phase even for a small amount of dimethylammonium cations. As the dimethylammonium concentration approaches the solubility limit in MAPbBr3, we observe the disappearance of the structural phase transitions and indications of a glassy dipolar phase. We also reveal a significant tunability of the dielectric permittivity upon mixing of the molecular cations that arises from frustrated electric dipoles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mantas Simenas
- Faculty of Physics, Vilnius University, Sauletekio 3, 10257, Vilnius, Lithuania.
| | - Sergejus Balciunas
- Faculty of Physics, Vilnius University, Sauletekio 3, 10257, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Jacob N Wilson
- Thomas Young Centre and Department of Materials, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ, London, UK
| | - Sarunas Svirskas
- Faculty of Physics, Vilnius University, Sauletekio 3, 10257, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Martynas Kinka
- Faculty of Physics, Vilnius University, Sauletekio 3, 10257, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Andrius Garbaras
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Sauletekio 3, 10257, Vilnius, Lithuania
- Institute of Chemical Physics, Vilnius University, Sauletekio 3, 10257, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Vidmantas Kalendra
- Faculty of Physics, Vilnius University, Sauletekio 3, 10257, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Anna Gagor
- Institute of Low Temperature and Structure Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Okólna 2, 50-422, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Daria Szewczyk
- Institute of Low Temperature and Structure Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Okólna 2, 50-422, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Adam Sieradzki
- Department of Experimental Physics, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Miroslaw Maczka
- Institute of Low Temperature and Structure Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Okólna 2, 50-422, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Vytautas Samulionis
- Faculty of Physics, Vilnius University, Sauletekio 3, 10257, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Aron Walsh
- Thomas Young Centre and Department of Materials, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ, London, UK
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, 03722, Seoul, Korea
| | | | - Juras Banys
- Faculty of Physics, Vilnius University, Sauletekio 3, 10257, Vilnius, Lithuania
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29
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Yi C, Liu C, Wen K, Liu XK, Zhang H, Yu Y, Fan N, Ji F, Kuang C, Ma B, Tu C, Zhang Y, Xue C, Li R, Gao F, Huang W, Wang J. Intermediate-phase-assisted low-temperature formation of γ-CsPbI 3 films for high-efficiency deep-red light-emitting devices. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4736. [PMID: 32958808 PMCID: PMC7505955 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18380-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Black phase CsPbI3 is attractive for optoelectronic devices, while usually it has a high formation energy and requires an annealing temperature of above 300 °C. The formation energy can be significantly reduced by adding HI in the precursor. However, the resulting films are not suitable for light-emitting applications due to the high trap densities and low photoluminescence quantum efficiencies, and the low temperature formation mechanism is not well understood yet. Here, we demonstrate a general approach for deposition of γ-CsPbI3 films at 100 °C with high photoluminescence quantum efficiencies by adding organic ammonium cations, and the resulting light-emitting diode exhibits an external quantum efficiency of 10.4% with suppressed efficiency roll-off. We reveal that the low-temperature crystallization process is due to the formation of low-dimensional intermediate states, and followed by interionic exchange. This work provides perspectives to tune phase transition pathway at low temperature for CsPbI3 device applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Yi
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Kaichuan Wen
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Xiao-Ke Liu
- Department of Physics, Chemistry, and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, SE-58183, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Hao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Yong Yu
- Department of Physics, Chemistry, and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, SE-58183, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Ning Fan
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Fuxiang Ji
- Department of Physics, Chemistry, and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, SE-58183, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Chaoyang Kuang
- Department of Physics, Chemistry, and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, SE-58183, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Bo Ma
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Cailing Tu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Ya Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Chen Xue
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE), Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering (IBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Renzhi Li
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Feng Gao
- Department of Physics, Chemistry, and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, SE-58183, Linköping, Sweden.
| | - Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China.
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE), Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering (IBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China.
| | - Jianpu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China.
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30
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Mao J, Chen T, Guo L, Yang S, Xu X, Ma J, Hu J. Effect of Additives on the Foam Behavior of Aviation Coolants: Tendency, Stability, and Defoaming. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:17686-17691. [PMID: 32715255 PMCID: PMC7377318 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c02238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The foam tendency of aviation coolants (ACs) can be greatly influenced by additives. This study investigates the effect of additives on foam behaviors based on four commercial ACs and glycol aqueous solutions added with different additives. Experimental results show that the foam tendency of ACs can be greatly influenced by surfactants; however, inorganic salts have little effect on foam tendency. The volume of generated foam reaches up to 350 mL after ventilation for an AC with a surfactant, much larger than 40 mL of an AC with an inorganic salt. The surface tension of ACs reduces with the addition of surfactants, the lower the surface tension, the more the foam formation. Furthermore, the presence of arranged surfactants at the gas-solution interface can increase the intermolecular forces and enhance the liquid and viscosity of film elasticity, thereby enhancing the foam stability. Besides, the surfactants would weaken the gas diffusion of foams and affect the defoaming property of ACs accordingly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jixin Mao
- Department
of Aviation Oil and Material, Air Force
Logistic College, Xuzhou 221000, China
| | - Teng Chen
- Department
of Aviation Oil and Material, Air Force
Logistic College, Xuzhou 221000, China
- Key
Lab of Mesoscopic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Li Guo
- Department
of Aviation Oil and Material, Air Force
Logistic College, Xuzhou 221000, China
| | - Shizhao Yang
- Department
of Aviation Oil and Material, Air Force
Logistic College, Xuzhou 221000, China
| | - Xin Xu
- Department
of Aviation Oil and Material, Air Force
Logistic College, Xuzhou 221000, China
| | - Jun Ma
- Department
of Aviation Oil and Material, Air Force
Logistic College, Xuzhou 221000, China
| | - Jianqiang Hu
- Department
of Aviation Oil and Material, Air Force
Logistic College, Xuzhou 221000, China
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31
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Shao Z, Meng H, Du X, Sun X, Lv P, Gao C, Rao Y, Chen C, Li Z, Wang X, Cui G, Pang S. Cs 4 PbI 6 -Mediated Synthesis of Thermodynamically Stable FA 0.15 Cs 0.85 PbI 3 Perovskite Solar Cells. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e2001054. [PMID: 32567102 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202001054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The stability issue is still one of the main limitations of the commercialization of perovskite photovoltaics. The mixed cation FAx Cs1 -x PbI3 has shown great promise owing to its improved thermal and moisture stability. However, the study of FAx Cs1 -x PbI3 is concentrated on formamidine (FA)-rich perovskite, whereas cesium (Cs)-rich FAx Cs1 -x PbI3 perovskites are barely studied due to the inevitable phase separation when Cs > 30 mol%. Here, a Cs4 PbI6 -mediated method is developed to synthesize Cs-rich FAx Cs1 -x PbI3 perovskites. It is demonstrated that Cs4 PbI6 intermediate phase has a low Cs cation diffusion barrier and therefore offers a fast ion exchange with the preformed FA-rich perovskite phase to finally form the Cs-rich FAx Cs1 -x PbI3 perovskite. The results indicate that ≈15% alloying with organic FA cations can sufficiently stabilize the perovskite phase with excellent phase and UV-irradiation stability. The FA0.15 Cs0.85 PbI3 perovskite solar cells achieve a champion power conversion efficiency of 17.5%, showing the great potential of Cs-based perovskites for efficient and stable solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhipeng Shao
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, P. R. China
| | - Hongguang Meng
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Xiaofan Du
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, P. R. China
| | - Xiuhong Sun
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Peiliang Lv
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, P. R. China
| | - Caiyun Gao
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, P. R. China
| | - Yi Rao
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Chen Chen
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, P. R. China
| | - Zhipeng Li
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, P. R. China
| | - Guanglei Cui
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, P. R. China
| | - Shuping Pang
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, P. R. China
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32
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Bian H, Wang H, Li Z, Zhou F, Xu Y, Zhang H, Wang Q, Ding L, Liu S(F, Jin Z. Unveiling the Effects of Hydrolysis-Derived DMAI/DMAPbI x Intermediate Compound on the Performance of CsPbI 3 Solar Cells. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2020; 7:1902868. [PMID: 32382475 PMCID: PMC7201252 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201902868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Introducing hydroiodic acid (HI) as a hydrolysis-derived precursor of the intermediate compounds has become an increasingly important issue for fabricating high quality and stable CsPbI3 perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, the materials composition of the intermediate compounds and their effects on the device performance remain unclear. Here, a series of high-quality intermediate compounds are prepared and it is shown that they consist of DMAI/DMAPbI x . Further characterization of the products show that the main component of this system is still CsPbI3. Most of the dimethylammonium (DMA+) organic component is lost during annealing. Only an ultrasmall amount of DMA+ is doped into the CsPbI3 and its structure is stabilized. Meanwhile, excessive DMA+ forms Lewis acid-base adducts and interactions with Pb2+ on the CsPbI3 surface. This process passivates the CsPbI3 film and decreases the recombination rate. Finally, CsPbI3 film is fabricated with high crystalline, uniform morphology, and excellent stability. Its corresponding PSC exhibits stable property and improved power conversion efficiency (PCE) up to 17.3%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Bian
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid ChemistryShaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy DevicesShaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy TechnologySchool of Materials Science & EngineeringMinistry of EducationShaanxi Normal UniversityXi'an710119P. R. China
| | - Haoran Wang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid ChemistryShaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy DevicesShaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy TechnologySchool of Materials Science & EngineeringMinistry of EducationShaanxi Normal UniversityXi'an710119P. R. China
| | - Zhizai Li
- School of Physical Science and Technology & Key Laboratory for Magnetism and Magnetic Materials of MoE & Key Laboratory of Special Function Materials and Structure DesignMoE & National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Optical Conversion Materials and TechnologyLanzhou UniversityLanzhou730000P. R. China
| | - Faguang Zhou
- School of Physical Science and Technology & Key Laboratory for Magnetism and Magnetic Materials of MoE & Key Laboratory of Special Function Materials and Structure DesignMoE & National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Optical Conversion Materials and TechnologyLanzhou UniversityLanzhou730000P. R. China
| | - Youkui Xu
- School of Physical Science and Technology & Key Laboratory for Magnetism and Magnetic Materials of MoE & Key Laboratory of Special Function Materials and Structure DesignMoE & National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Optical Conversion Materials and TechnologyLanzhou UniversityLanzhou730000P. R. China
| | - Hong Zhang
- School of Physical Science and Technology & Key Laboratory for Magnetism and Magnetic Materials of MoE & Key Laboratory of Special Function Materials and Structure DesignMoE & National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Optical Conversion Materials and TechnologyLanzhou UniversityLanzhou730000P. R. China
- Electron Microscopy CentreSchool of Physical Science and TechnologyLanzhou UniversityLanzhou730000P. R. China
| | - Qian Wang
- School of Physical Science and Technology & Key Laboratory for Magnetism and Magnetic Materials of MoE & Key Laboratory of Special Function Materials and Structure DesignMoE & National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Optical Conversion Materials and TechnologyLanzhou UniversityLanzhou730000P. R. China
| | - Liming Ding
- Center for Excellence in Nanoscience (CAS)Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication (CAS)National Center for Nanoscience and TechnologyBeijing100190P. R. China
| | - Shengzhong (Frank) Liu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid ChemistryShaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy DevicesShaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy TechnologySchool of Materials Science & EngineeringMinistry of EducationShaanxi Normal UniversityXi'an710119P. R. China
| | - Zhiwen Jin
- School of Physical Science and Technology & Key Laboratory for Magnetism and Magnetic Materials of MoE & Key Laboratory of Special Function Materials and Structure DesignMoE & National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Optical Conversion Materials and TechnologyLanzhou UniversityLanzhou730000P. R. China
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