1
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Rieder A, Lorenzetti J, Zelocualtecatl Montiel I, Dutta A, Iarchuk A, Mirolo M, Drnec J, Lorenzutti F, Haussener S, Kovács N, Vesztergom S, Broekmann P. ICP-MS Assisted EDX Tomography: A Robust Method for Studying Electrolyte Penetration Phenomena in Gas Diffusion Electrodes Applied to CO 2 Electrolysis. SMALL METHODS 2024:e2400200. [PMID: 38992994 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202400200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
A carbon paper-based gas diffusion electrode (GDE) is used with a bismuth(III) subcarbonate active catalyst phase for the electrochemical reduction of CO2 in a gas/electrolyte flow-by configuration electrolyser at high current density. It is demonstrated that in this configuration, the gas and catholyte phases recombine to form K2CO3/KHCO3 precipitates to an extent that after electrolyses, vast amount of K+ ions is found by EDX mapping in the entire GDE structure. The fact that the entirety of the GDE gets wetted during electrolysis should, however, not be interpreted as a sign of flooding of the catalyst layer, since electrolyte perspiring through the GDE can largely be removed with the outflow gas, and the efficiency of electrolysis (toward the selective production of formate) can thus be maintained high for several hours. For a full spatial scale quantitative monitoring of electrolyte penetration into the GDE, (relying on K+ ions as tracer) the method of inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) assisted energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) tomography is introduced. This new, cheap and robust tomography of non-uniform aspect ratio has a large planar span that comprises the entire GDE surface area and a submicrometer depth resolution, hence it can provide quantitative information about the amount and distribution of K+ remnants inside the GDE structure, in three dimensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alain Rieder
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, NCCR Catalysis, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, Bern, 3012, Switzerland
| | - Julia Lorenzetti
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, NCCR Catalysis, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, Bern, 3012, Switzerland
| | - Iván Zelocualtecatl Montiel
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, NCCR Catalysis, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, Bern, 3012, Switzerland
| | - Abhijit Dutta
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, NCCR Catalysis, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, Bern, 3012, Switzerland
| | - Anna Iarchuk
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, NCCR Catalysis, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, Bern, 3012, Switzerland
| | - Marta Mirolo
- ID31 beamline, Experimental Division, European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), Grenoble, France
| | - Jakub Drnec
- ID31 beamline, Experimental Division, European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), Grenoble, France
| | - Francesca Lorenzutti
- Laboratory of Renewable Energy Science and Engineering, NCCR Catalysis, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL), Station 9, Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
| | - Sophia Haussener
- Laboratory of Renewable Energy Science and Engineering, NCCR Catalysis, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL), Station 9, Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
| | - Noémi Kovács
- MTA-ELTE Momentum Interfacial Electrochemistry Research Group, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A, Budapest, 1117, Hungary
| | - Soma Vesztergom
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, NCCR Catalysis, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, Bern, 3012, Switzerland
- MTA-ELTE Momentum Interfacial Electrochemistry Research Group, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A, Budapest, 1117, Hungary
| | - Peter Broekmann
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, NCCR Catalysis, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, Bern, 3012, Switzerland
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2
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Dunne H, Liu W, Ghaani MR, McKelvey K, Dooley S. Sensitivity Analysis of One-Dimensional Multiphysics Simulation of CO 2 Electrolysis Cell. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2024; 128:11131-11144. [PMID: 39015418 PMCID: PMC11247494 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.4c00690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
Electrochemical (EC) carbon dioxide (CO2) reduction, where CO2 is converted to value-added products such as fuel precursors, plays a key role in helping the world's energy system reach net-zero carbon emissions. Simulations of EC cells provide valuable insight into their operation since detailed experimental results on short length and time scales are difficult to obtain. In this work, we construct a 1D simulation of a membrane-electrode-assembly EC cell for CO2 reduction, using a porous silver gas diffusion cathode. We run the simulation under different electrolyte conditions, showing how the cell performance is affected. We then perform a sensitivity analysis of all input parameters to the simulation, which has not been presented before in the literature. We show that the CO partial current density (i CO) is significantly affected by each input parameter of the simulation. i CO is most sensitive to EC kinetic parameters (i 0/α) of all EC reactions, with a 1% change in α resulting in up to 6% change in i CO. Since there is uncertainty associated with the value of each input parameter, this indicates that infidelity between experiment and simulation is likely, and thus, caution should be practiced when comparing experimental results to simulation results. Further, we show that the large range of conditions simulated in literature helps to explain the large variance in reported values of i 0 and α. The results of this paper demonstrate the potential of sensitivity analysis methods to quickly optimize aspects of cell performance (CO2 utilization, Faradaic efficiency, etc.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Harry Dunne
- School
of Physics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin D02 PN40, Ireland
| | - Weiming Liu
- School
of Physics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin D02 PN40, Ireland
| | | | - Kim McKelvey
- MacDiarmid
Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology and School of
Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria
University of Wellington, Wellington 6012, New Zealand
| | - Stephen Dooley
- School
of Physics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin D02 PN40, Ireland
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3
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Cheon S, Li J, Wang H. In Situ Generated CO Enables High-Current CO 2 Reduction to Methanol in a Molecular Catalyst Layer. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:16348-16354. [PMID: 38806413 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c05961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Molecular catalysts such as cobalt phthalocyanine (CoPc) exhibit remarkable electrochemical activity in methanol production from CO2 or CO, but fast conversion with a high current density is still yet to be realized. While adopting flow cells with gas diffusion electrodes is a common approach to enhanced reaction rates, the current scientific and engineering knowledge primarily centers on metal particle-based catalysts like Cu. This focus overlooks the emerging heterogenized molecular catalysts with distinct physical and chemical properties. In this work, we observe that the partial current density of CO reduction to methanol catalyzed by tetraamine-substituted CoPc (CoPc-NH2) supported on carbon nanotubes (CNTs) remains below 30 mA cm-2, even with systematic optimization of structural and operational parameters of the flow cell. A comparative analysis with a Cu metal catalyst reveals that the porous and electrolyte-philic nature of CoPc-NH2/CNT leaves a large fraction of active sites deprived of CO under reaction conditions. To address this microenvironmental challenge, we directly use CO2 as the reactant, leveraging its faster diffusion rate in water compared to CO. Effective CO2 reduction generates CO in situ to feed the catalytic sites, achieving an unprecedently high partial current density for methanol of 129 mA cm-2. This research underscores the necessity for new insights and approaches in the development of molecular catalyst-based electrodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seonjeong Cheon
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
- Energy Sciences Institute, Yale University, West Haven, Connecticut 06516, United States
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
- Energy Sciences Institute, Yale University, West Haven, Connecticut 06516, United States
| | - Hailiang Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
- Energy Sciences Institute, Yale University, West Haven, Connecticut 06516, United States
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4
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Mustafa A, Guene Lougou B, Shuai Y, Wang Z, Ur-Rehman H, Razzaq S, Wang W, Pan R, Li F, Han L. Study of CuSb bimetallic flow-through gas diffusion electrodes for efficient electrochemical CO 2 reduction to CO. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 657:363-372. [PMID: 38043238 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.11.168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical CO2 reduction (eCO2R) to industrially important feedstock has received great attention, but it faces different challenges. Among them, the poor CO2 mass transport due to low intrinsic CO2 solubility significantly limits the rate of reduction reactions, leading to lower catalytic performance; thereby, commercially relevant current densities can't be achieved. Moreover, the poor activity and selectivity of high-cost monometallic catalysts, including Cu, Zn, Ag, and Au, undermine the efficiency of eCO2R. Flow-through gas diffusion electrodes (FTGDE), a newly developed class of GDEs, can potentially solve the issue of poor CO2 mass transport because they directly feed the CO2 to the catalyst layer. In addition, abundant surface area, porous structure, and improved triple-phase interface make them an excellent candidate for extremely high rate eCO2R. Antimony, a low-cost and abundant metalloid, can be effectively tuned with Cu to produce useful products such as CO, formate, and C2H4 through eCO2R. Herein, a series of porous binary CuSb FTGDEs with different Sb compositions are fabricated for the electrocatalytic reduction of CO2 to CO. The results show that the catalytic performance of CuSb FTGDEs improved with increasing Sb content up to a certain threshold, beyond which it started to decrease. The CuSb FTGDE with 5.4 g of antimony demonstrated higher current density (206.4 mA/cm2) and faradaic efficiency (72.82 %) at relatively lower overpotentials. Compared to gas diffusion configuration, the poor catalytic activity and selectivity achieved by CuSb FTGDE in non-gas diffusion configuration signifies the importance of improved local CO2 concentration and improved triple-phase interface formation in GDE configuration. The several hours stable operation of CuSb FTGDEs during eCO2R demonstrates its potential for efficient electrocatalytic conversion applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azeem Mustafa
- Key Laboratory of Aerospace Thermophysics of MIIT, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang, China; School of Energy Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Bachirou Guene Lougou
- Key Laboratory of Aerospace Thermophysics of MIIT, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang, China; School of Energy Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang, China; MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Yong Shuai
- Key Laboratory of Aerospace Thermophysics of MIIT, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang, China; School of Energy Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Zhijiang Wang
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Haseeb Ur-Rehman
- Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Engineering and Technology, 47050, Taxila, Pakistan
| | - Samia Razzaq
- School of Aerospace, Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
| | - Wei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Aerospace Thermophysics of MIIT, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang, China; School of Energy Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Ruming Pan
- Key Laboratory of Aerospace Thermophysics of MIIT, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang, China; School of Energy Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Fanghua Li
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Lei Han
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang, China
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5
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Kleinhaus JT, Wolf J, Pellumbi K, Wickert L, Viswanathan SC, Junge Puring K, Siegmund D, Apfel UP. Developing electrochemical hydrogenation towards industrial application. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:7305-7332. [PMID: 37814786 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00419h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical hydrogenation reactions gained significant attention as a sustainable and efficient alternative to conventional thermocatalytic hydrogenations. This tutorial review provides a comprehensive overview of the basic principles, the practical application, and recent advances of electrochemical hydrogenation reactions, with a particular emphasis on the translation of these reactions from lab-scale to industrial applications. Giving an overview on the vast amount of conceivable organic substrates and tested catalysts, we highlight the challenges associated with upscaling electrochemical hydrogenations, such as mass transfer limitations and reactor design. Strategies and techniques for addressing these challenges are discussed, including the development of novel catalysts and the implementation of scalable and innovative cell concepts. We furthermore present an outlook on current challenges, future prospects, and research directions for achieving widespread industrial implementation of electrochemical hydrogenation reactions. This work aims to provide beginners as well as experienced electrochemists with a starting point into the potential future transformation of electrochemical hydrogenations from a laboratory curiosity to a viable technology for sustainable chemical synthesis on an industrial scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian T Kleinhaus
- Inorganic Chemistry I, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany.
| | - Jonas Wolf
- Inorganic Chemistry I, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany.
- Fraunhofer Institute for Environmental, Safety and Energy Technology UMSICHT, Osterfelder Str. 3, 46047 Oberhausen, Germany
| | - Kevinjeorjios Pellumbi
- Inorganic Chemistry I, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany.
- Fraunhofer Institute for Environmental, Safety and Energy Technology UMSICHT, Osterfelder Str. 3, 46047 Oberhausen, Germany
| | - Leon Wickert
- Inorganic Chemistry I, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany.
- Fraunhofer Institute for Environmental, Safety and Energy Technology UMSICHT, Osterfelder Str. 3, 46047 Oberhausen, Germany
| | - Sangita C Viswanathan
- Inorganic Chemistry I, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany.
- Fraunhofer Institute for Environmental, Safety and Energy Technology UMSICHT, Osterfelder Str. 3, 46047 Oberhausen, Germany
| | - Kai Junge Puring
- Fraunhofer Institute for Environmental, Safety and Energy Technology UMSICHT, Osterfelder Str. 3, 46047 Oberhausen, Germany
| | - Daniel Siegmund
- Inorganic Chemistry I, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany.
- Fraunhofer Institute for Environmental, Safety and Energy Technology UMSICHT, Osterfelder Str. 3, 46047 Oberhausen, Germany
| | - Ulf-Peter Apfel
- Inorganic Chemistry I, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany.
- Fraunhofer Institute for Environmental, Safety and Energy Technology UMSICHT, Osterfelder Str. 3, 46047 Oberhausen, Germany
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6
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Staerz AF, van Leeuwen M, Priamushko T, Saatkamp T, Endrődi B, Plankensteiner N, Jobbagy M, Pahlavan S, Blom MJW, Janáky C, Cherevko S, Vereecken PM. Effects of Iron Species on Low Temperature CO 2 Electrolyzers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023:e202306503. [PMID: 37466922 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202306503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical energy conversion devices are considered key in reducing CO2 emissions and significant efforts are being applied to accelerate device development. Unlike other technologies, low temperature electrolyzers have the ability to directly convert CO2 into a range of value-added chemicals. To make them commercially viable, however, device efficiency and durability must be increased. Although their design is similar to more mature water electrolyzers and fuel cells, new cell concepts and components are needed. Due to the complexity of the system, singular component optimization is common. As a result, the component interplay is often overlooked. The influence of Fe-species clearly shows that the cell must be considered holistically during optimization, to avoid future issues due to component interference or cross-contamination. Fe-impurities are ubiquitous, and their influence on single components is well-researched. The activity of non-noble anodes has been increased through the deliberate addition of iron. At the same time, however, Fe-species accelerate cathode and membrane degradation. Here, we interpret literature on single components to gain an understanding of how Fe-species influence low temperature CO2 electrolyzers holistically. The role of Fe-species serves to highlight the need for considerations regarding component interplay in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna F Staerz
- IMEC Leuven, Kapeldreef 75, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
- Energyville, Thor Park 8320, 3600, Genk, Belgium
- Department of Microbial and Micromolecular systems (M2S), cMACS, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marieke van Leeuwen
- IMEC Leuven, Kapeldreef 75, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
- Energyville, Thor Park 8320, 3600, Genk, Belgium
- Department of Microbial and Micromolecular systems (M2S), cMACS, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tatiana Priamushko
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Helmholtz-Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy (IEK-11) Cauerstraße 1, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Torben Saatkamp
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Balázs Endrődi
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Szeged, Rerrich sq. 1., 6720, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Nina Plankensteiner
- IMEC Leuven, Kapeldreef 75, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
- Energyville, Thor Park 8320, 3600, Genk, Belgium
- Department of Microbial and Micromolecular systems (M2S), cMACS, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Matias Jobbagy
- IMEC Leuven, Kapeldreef 75, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
- Energyville, Thor Park 8320, 3600, Genk, Belgium
| | - Sohrab Pahlavan
- IMEC Leuven, Kapeldreef 75, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
- Energyville, Thor Park 8320, 3600, Genk, Belgium
- Department of Microbial and Micromolecular systems (M2S), cMACS, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Martijn J W Blom
- IMEC Leuven, Kapeldreef 75, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
- Energyville, Thor Park 8320, 3600, Genk, Belgium
| | - Csaba Janáky
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Szeged, Rerrich sq. 1., 6720, Szeged, Hungary
- eChemicles Zrt., Alsó Kikötő sor 11, 6726, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Serhiy Cherevko
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Helmholtz-Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy (IEK-11) Cauerstraße 1, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Philippe M Vereecken
- IMEC Leuven, Kapeldreef 75, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
- Energyville, Thor Park 8320, 3600, Genk, Belgium
- Department of Microbial and Micromolecular systems (M2S), cMACS, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
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7
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Seteiz K, Häberlein JN, Heizmann PA, Disch J, Vierrath S. Carbon black supported Ag nanoparticles in zero-gap CO 2 electrolysis to CO enabling high mass activity. RSC Adv 2023; 13:18916-18926. [PMID: 37350859 PMCID: PMC10283028 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra03424k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study Ag nanoparticles supported on carbon black (Ag/C) were studied as catalysts for the electrochemical reduction of CO2 to CO. The nanoparticles were synthesized on three carbon supports, namely Super P, Vulcan and Ketjenblack with surface areas from 50 to 800 m2 g-1 using cysteamine as a linker as proposed by Kim et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2015, 137, 13844. Gas diffusion electrodes were fabricated with all three Ag/Cs and then characterized in a zero-gap electrolyzer. All three supported catalysts achieve high voltage efficiencies, mass activities, and faradaic efficiencies above 80% up to 200 mA cm-2 with Ag loadings of ∼0.07 mg cm-2. Using an IrO2 anode, a partial CO current density of 196 mA cm-2 at 2.95 V and a mass activity of 3920 mA mg-1 at a cell voltage of 3.2 V was achieved. When changing the electrolyte from 0.1 M KOH to 0.1 M CsOH, it is possible to achieve 90% FECO at 300 mA cm-2. This results in a mass activity up to 5400 mA mg-1. Moreover, long-term tests at 300 mA cm-2 with 0.1 M CsOH resulted in FECO remaining above 80% over 11 h. The electrochemical performance did not show a dependence on the carbon support, indicating that mass transport is limiting the cathode, rather than catalyst kinetics. It is worth noting that this may only apply to electrodes with PTFE binders as used in this study, and electrodes with ionomer binders may show a dependence on the catalyst support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Seteiz
- Electrochemical Energy Systems, IMTEK - Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg Georges-Koehler-Allee 103 79110 Freiburg Germany
- University of Freiburg, Institute and FIT - Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies Georges-Köhler-Allee 105 79110 Freiburg Germany
| | - Josephine N Häberlein
- Electrochemical Energy Systems, IMTEK - Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg Georges-Koehler-Allee 103 79110 Freiburg Germany
- University of Freiburg, Institute and FIT - Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies Georges-Köhler-Allee 105 79110 Freiburg Germany
| | - Philipp A Heizmann
- Electrochemical Energy Systems, IMTEK - Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg Georges-Koehler-Allee 103 79110 Freiburg Germany
- University of Freiburg, Institute and FIT - Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies Georges-Köhler-Allee 105 79110 Freiburg Germany
| | - Joey Disch
- Electrochemical Energy Systems, IMTEK - Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg Georges-Koehler-Allee 103 79110 Freiburg Germany
- University of Freiburg, Institute and FIT - Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies Georges-Köhler-Allee 105 79110 Freiburg Germany
| | - Severin Vierrath
- Electrochemical Energy Systems, IMTEK - Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg Georges-Koehler-Allee 103 79110 Freiburg Germany
- University of Freiburg, Institute and FIT - Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies Georges-Köhler-Allee 105 79110 Freiburg Germany
- Hahn-Schickard Georges-Koehler-Allee 103 79110 Freiburg Germany
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8
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Takeda Y, Mizuno S, Iwata R, Morikawa T, Kato N. Gas-fed liquid-covered electrodes used for electrochemical reduction of dilute CO2 in a flue gas. J CO2 UTIL 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2023.102472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
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9
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Li C, Ji Y, Wang Y, Liu C, Chen Z, Tang J, Hong Y, Li X, Zheng T, Jiang Q, Xia C. Applications of Metal-Organic Frameworks and Their Derivatives in Electrochemical CO 2 Reduction. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2023; 15:113. [PMID: 37121938 PMCID: PMC10149437 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-023-01092-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemically reducing CO2 to more reduced chemical species is a promising way that not only enables the conversion of intermittent energy resources to stable fuels, but also helps to build a closed-loop anthropogenic carbon cycle. Among various electrocatalysts for electrochemical CO2 reduction, multifunctional metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have been employed as highly efficient and selective heterogeneous electrocatalysts due to their ultrahigh porosity and topologically diverse structures. Up to now, great progress has been achieved in the design and synthesis of highly active and selective MOF-related catalysts for electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR), and their corresponding reaction mechanisms have been thoroughly studied. In this review, we summarize the recent progress of applying MOFs and their derivatives in CO2RR, with a focus on the design strategies for electrocatalysts and electrolyzers. We first discussed the reaction mechanisms for different CO2RR products and introduced the commonly applied electrolyzer configurations in the current CO2RR system. Then, an overview of several categories of products (CO, HCOOH, CH4, CH3OH, and multi-carbon chemicals) generated from MOFs or their derivatives via CO2RR was discussed. Finally, we offer some insights and perspectives for the future development of MOFs and their derivatives in electrochemical CO2 reduction. We aim to provide new insights into this field and further guide future research for large-scale applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengbo Li
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Ji
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, People's Republic of China
| | - Youpeng Wang
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunxiao Liu
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaoyang Chen
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, People's Republic of China
| | - Jialin Tang
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, People's Republic of China
| | - Yawei Hong
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Li
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Zheng
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiu Jiang
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chuan Xia
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, People's Republic of China.
- Research Center for Carbon-Neutral Environmental and Energy Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, People's Republic of China.
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Moreno D, Omosebi A, Jeon BW, Abad K, Kim YH, Thompson J, Liu K. Electrochemical CO2 conversion to formic acid using engineered enzymatic catalysts in a batch reactor. J CO2 UTIL 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2023.102441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
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11
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Hu H, Kong Y, Liu M, Kolivoška V, Rudnev AV, Hou Y, Erni R, Vesztergom S, Broekmann P. Effective perspiration is essential to uphold the stability of zero-gap MEA-based cathodes used in CO 2 electrolysers. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY. A 2023; 11:5083-5094. [PMID: 36911161 PMCID: PMC9990144 DOI: 10.1039/d2ta06965b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The application of gas diffusion electrodes (GDEs) for the electrochemical reduction of CO2 to value-added products creates the possibility of achieving current densities of a few hundred mA cm-2. To achieve stable operation at such high reaction rates remains, however, a challenging task, due to the flooding of the GDE. In order to mitigate flooding in a zero-gap membrane-electrode assembly (MEA) configuration, paths for effective electrolyte perspiration inside the GDE structure have to be kept open during the electrolysis process. Here we demonstrate that apart from the operational parameters of the electrolysis and the structural properties of the supporting gas diffusion layers, also the chemical composition of the applied catalyst inks can play a decisive role in the electrolyte management of GDEs used for CO2 electroreduction. In particular, the presence of excess amounts of polymeric capping agents (used to stabilize the catalyst nanoparticles) can lead to a blockage of micropores, which hinders perspiration and initiates the flooding of the microporous layer. Here we use a novel ICP-MS analysis-based approach to quantitatively monitor the amount of perspired electrolyte that exits a GDE-based CO2 electrolyser, and we show a direct correlation between the break-down of effective perspiration and the appearance of flooding-the latter ultimately leading to a loss of electrolyser stability. We recommend the use of an ultracentrifugation-based approach by which catalyst inks containing no excess amount of polymeric capping agents can be formulated. Using these inks, the stability of electrolyses can be ensured for much longer times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huifang Hu
- NCCR Catalysis, University of Bern, Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Freiestrasse 3 3012 Bern Switzerland
| | - Ying Kong
- NCCR Catalysis, University of Bern, Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Freiestrasse 3 3012 Bern Switzerland
| | - Menglong Liu
- NCCR Catalysis, University of Bern, Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Freiestrasse 3 3012 Bern Switzerland
| | - Viliam Kolivoška
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences Dolejškova 3 182 23 Prague Czechia
| | - Alexander V Rudnev
- NCCR Catalysis, University of Bern, Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Freiestrasse 3 3012 Bern Switzerland
- A. N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences Leninsky Prospekt 31 119071 Moscow Russia
| | - Yuhui Hou
- NCCR Catalysis, University of Bern, Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Freiestrasse 3 3012 Bern Switzerland
| | - Rolf Erni
- Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (EMPA), Electron Microscopy Center Überlandstrasse 129 8600 Dübendorf Switzerland
| | - Soma Vesztergom
- NCCR Catalysis, University of Bern, Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Freiestrasse 3 3012 Bern Switzerland
- Eötvös Loránd University, MTA-ELTE Momentum Interfacial Electrochemistry Research Group Pázmány Péter Sétány 1/A 1117 Budapest Hungary
| | - Peter Broekmann
- NCCR Catalysis, University of Bern, Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Freiestrasse 3 3012 Bern Switzerland
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12
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Conte A, Baron M, Bonacchi S, Antonello S, Aliprandi A. Copper and silver nanowires for CO 2 electroreduction. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:3693-3703. [PMID: 36727608 PMCID: PMC9949578 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr06687d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Copper and silver nanowires have been extensively investigated as the next generation of transparent conductive electrodes (TCEs) due to their ability to form percolating networks. Recently, they have been exploited as electrocatalysts for CO2 reduction. In this review, we present the most recent advances in this field summarizing different strategies used for the synthesis and functionalization/activation of copper and silver nanowires, as well as, the state of the art of their electrochemical performance with particular emphasis on the effect of the nanowire morphology. Novel perspectives for the development of highly efficient, selective, and stable electrocatalysts for CO2 reduction arise from the translation of NW-based TCEs in this challenging field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Conte
- University of Padova, Department of Chemistry, Via Marzolo 1, I-35131 Padova, Italy.
| | - Marco Baron
- University of Padova, Department of Chemistry, Via Marzolo 1, I-35131 Padova, Italy.
| | - Sara Bonacchi
- University of Padova, Department of Chemistry, Via Marzolo 1, I-35131 Padova, Italy.
| | - Sabrina Antonello
- University of Padova, Department of Chemistry, Via Marzolo 1, I-35131 Padova, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Aliprandi
- University of Padova, Department of Chemistry, Via Marzolo 1, I-35131 Padova, Italy.
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13
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Recent Progress in Surface-Defect Engineering Strategies for Electrocatalysts toward Electrochemical CO2 Reduction: A Review. Catalysts 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/catal13020393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Climate change, caused by greenhouse gas emissions, is one of the biggest threats to the world. As per the IEA report of 2021, global CO2 emissions amounted to around 31.5 Gt, which increased the atmospheric concentration of CO2 up to 412.5 ppm. Thus, there is an imperative demand for the development of new technologies to convert CO2 into value-added feedstock products such as alcohols, hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, chemicals, and clean fuels. The intrinsic properties of the catalytic materials are the main factors influencing the efficiency of electrochemical CO2 reduction (CO2-RR) reactions. Additionally, the electroreduction of CO2 is mainly affected by poor selectivity and large overpotential requirements. However, these issues can be overcome by modifying heterogeneous electrocatalysts to control their morphology, size, crystal facets, grain boundaries, and surface defects/vacancies. This article reviews the recent progress in electrochemical CO2 reduction reactions accomplished by surface-defective electrocatalysts and identifies significant research gaps for designing highly efficient electrocatalytic materials.
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14
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Kato S, Hashimoto T, Iwase K, Harada T, Nakanishi S, Kamiya K. Selective and high-rate CO 2 electroreduction by metal-doped covalent triazine frameworks: a computational and experimental hybrid approach. Chem Sci 2023; 14:613-620. [PMID: 36741519 PMCID: PMC9847663 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc03754h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) has attracted intensive attention as a technology to achieve a carbon-neutral society. The use of gas diffusion electrodes (GDEs) enables the realization of high-rate CO2RRs, which is one of the critical requirements for social implementation. Although both a high reaction rate and good selectivity are simultaneously required for electrocatalysts on GDEs, no systematic study of the relationship among active metal centers in electrocatalysts, reaction rate, and selectivity under high-rate CO2RR conditions has been reported. In the present study, we employed various metal-doped covalent triazine frameworks (M-CTFs) as platforms for CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) electrocatalysts on GDEs and systematically investigated them to deduce sophisticated design principles using a combined computational and experimental approach. The Ni-CTF showed both high selectivity (faradaic efficiency (FE) > 98% at -0.5 to -0.9 V vs. reversible hydrogen electrode) and a high reaction rate (current density < -200 mA cm-2) for CO production. By contrast, the Sn-CTF exhibited selective formic acid production, and the FE and partial current density reached 85% and 150 mA cm-2, respectively. These results for the CO2RR activity and selectivity at high current density with respect to metal centers correspond well with predictions based on first-principles calculations. This work is the first demonstration of a clear relationship between the computational adsorption energy of intermediates depending on metal species and the experimental high-rate gaseous CO2RR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shintaro Kato
- Research Center for Solar Energy Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University1-3 MachikaneyamaToyonakaOsaka 560-8531Japan
| | - Takuya Hashimoto
- Research Center for Solar Energy Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University1-3 MachikaneyamaToyonakaOsaka 560-8531Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Iwase
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-kuSendaiMiyagi 980-8577Japan
| | - Takashi Harada
- Research Center for Solar Energy Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University1-3 MachikaneyamaToyonakaOsaka 560-8531Japan
| | - Shuji Nakanishi
- Research Center for Solar Energy Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University1-3 MachikaneyamaToyonakaOsaka 560-8531Japan,Innovative Catalysis Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka UniversitySuitaOsaka 565-0871Japan
| | - Kazuhide Kamiya
- Research Center for Solar Energy Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University1-3 MachikaneyamaToyonakaOsaka 560-8531Japan,Innovative Catalysis Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka UniversitySuitaOsaka 565-0871Japan
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15
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Abdollahi M, Al Sbei S, Rosenbaum MA, Harnisch F. The oxygen dilemma: The challenge of the anode reaction for microbial electrosynthesis from CO2. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:947550. [PMID: 35992647 PMCID: PMC9381829 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.947550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial electrosynthesis (MES) from CO2 provides chemicals and fuels by driving the metabolism of microorganisms with electrons from cathodes in bioelectrochemical systems. These microorganisms are usually strictly anaerobic. At the same time, the anode reaction of bioelectrochemical systems is almost exclusively water splitting through the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). This creates a dilemma for MES development and engineering. Oxygen penetration to the cathode has to be excluded to avoid toxicity and efficiency losses while assuring low resistance. We show that this dilemma derives a strong need to identify novel reactor designs when using the OER as an anode reaction or to fully replace OER with alternative oxidation reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maliheh Abdollahi
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sara Al Sbei
- Bio Pilot Plant, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology - Hans-Knöll Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Miriam A. Rosenbaum
- Bio Pilot Plant, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology - Hans-Knöll Institute, Jena, Germany
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Falk Harnisch
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Leipzig, Germany
- *Correspondence: Falk Harnisch,
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