1
|
Patel MA, Fraser DD, Daley M, Cepinskas G, Veraldi N, Grazioli S. The plasma proteome differentiates the multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) from children with SARS-CoV-2 negative sepsis. Mol Med 2024; 30:51. [PMID: 38632526 PMCID: PMC11022403 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-024-00806-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Multi-System Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) can develop several weeks after SARS-CoV-2 infection and requires a distinct treatment protocol. Distinguishing MIS-C from SARS-CoV-2 negative sepsis (SCNS) patients is important to quickly institute the correct therapies. We performed targeted proteomics and machine learning analysis to identify novel plasma proteins of MIS-C for early disease recognition. METHODS A case-control study comparing the expression of 2,870 unique blood proteins in MIS-C versus SCNS patients, measured using proximity extension assays. The 2,870 proteins were reduced in number with either feature selection alone or with a prior COMBAT-Seq batch effect adjustment. The leading proteins were correlated with demographic and clinical variables. Organ system and cell type expression patterns were analyzed with Natural Language Processing (NLP). RESULTS The cohorts were well-balanced for age and sex. Of the 2,870 unique blood proteins, 58 proteins were identified with feature selection (FDR-adjusted P < 0.005, P < 0.0001; accuracy = 0.96, AUC = 1.00, F1 = 0.95), and 15 proteins were identified with a COMBAT-Seq batch effect adjusted feature selection (FDR-adjusted P < 0.05, P < 0.0001; accuracy = 0.92, AUC = 1.00, F1 = 0.89). All of the latter 15 proteins were present in the former 58-protein model. Several proteins were correlated with illness severity scores, length of stay, and interventions (LTA4H, PTN, PPBP, and EGF; P < 0.001). NLP analysis highlighted the multi-system nature of MIS-C, with the 58-protein set expressed in all organ systems; the highest levels of expression were found in the digestive system. The cell types most involved included leukocytes not yet determined, lymphocytes, macrophages, and platelets. CONCLUSIONS The plasma proteome of MIS-C patients was distinct from that of SCNS. The key proteins demonstrated expression in all organ systems and most cell types. The unique proteomic signature identified in MIS-C patients could aid future diagnostic and therapeutic advancements, as well as predict hospital length of stays, interventions, and mortality risks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maitray A Patel
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Western University, N6A 3K7, London, ON, Canada
| | - Douglas D Fraser
- Lawson Health Research Institute, N6C 2R5, London, ON, Canada.
- Children's Health Research Institute, N6C 4V3, London, ON, Canada.
- Pediatrics, Western University, N6A 3K7, London, ON, Canada.
- Clinical Neurological Sciences, Western University, N6A 3K7, London, ON, Canada.
- Physiology & Pharmacology, Western University, N6A 3K7, London, ON, Canada.
- London Health Sciences Centre, Room C2-C82, 800 Commissioners Road East, N6A 5W9, London, ON, Canada.
| | - Mark Daley
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Western University, N6A 3K7, London, ON, Canada
- Computer Science, Western University, N6A 3K7, London, ON, Canada
| | - Gediminas Cepinskas
- Lawson Health Research Institute, N6C 2R5, London, ON, Canada
- Medical Biophysics, Western University, N6A 3K7, London, ON, Canada
| | - Noemi Veraldi
- Department of Pediatrics, Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Serge Grazioli
- Department of Pediatrics, Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Division of Neonatal and Pediatric Intensive Care, Department of Child, Woman, and Adolescent Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Liu X, Li H, Wang Y, Li S, Ren W, Yuan J, Pang Y. Discovering common pathogenetic processes between tuberculosis and COVID-19 by bioinformatics and system biology approach. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28664. [PMID: 38596062 PMCID: PMC11002586 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Background SARS-CoV-2, the cause of the COVID-19 pandemic, poses a significant threat to humanity. Individuals with pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) are at increased risk of developing severe COVID-19, due to long-term lung damage that heightens their susceptibility to full-blown disease. Methods Three COVID-19 datasets (GSE157103, GSE166253, and GSE171110) and one PTB dataset (GSE83456) were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus databases. Subsequently, data were subjected to weighted gene co-expression network analysis(WGCNA)followed by functional enrichment analysis using Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway databases. These analyses revealed two overlapping disease-specific modules, each comprising co-regulated genes with potentially related biological functions. Using Cytoscape, we visualised the interaction network containing common disease-related genes found within the intersection between modules and predicted transcription factors (TFs). Real-time qPCR was conducted to quantify expression levels of these genes in blood samples from COVID-19 and PTB patients. Finally, DisGeNET and the Drug Signatures database were employed to analyze these common genes, unveiling their connections to clinical disease features and potential drug treatments. Results Examination of the overlap between COVID-19 and PTB gene modules unveiled 11 common genes. Functional enrichment analyses using KEGG and GO shed light on potential functional relationships among these genes, providing insights into their potential roles in the heightened mortality of PTB patients due to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Furthermore, results of various bioinformatics-based analyses of common TFs and target genes led to identification of shared pathways and therapeutic targets for PTB patients with COVID-19, along with potential drug treatments for these patients. Conclusion Our results unveiled a potential biological connection between COVID-19 and PTB, as supported by results of functional enrichment analysis that highlighted potential biological processes and signaling pathways shared by both diseases. Building on these findings, we propose potential drug treatments for PTB patients with COVID-19, pending verification of drug safety and efficacy through laboratory and multicentre studies before clinical use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Shanshan Li
- Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University/Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Weicong Ren
- Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University/Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Jinfeng Yuan
- Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University/Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Pang
- Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University/Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhan W, Luo W, Zhang Y, Xiang K, Chen X, Shen S, Huang C, Xu T, Ding W, Chen Y, Lin M, Pan X, Lai K. Sputum Transcriptomics Reveals FCN1+ Macrophage Activation in Mild Eosinophilic Asthma Compared to Non-Asthmatic Eosinophilic Bronchitis. ALLERGY, ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH 2024; 16:55-70. [PMID: 38262391 PMCID: PMC10823142 DOI: 10.4168/aair.2024.16.1.55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Eosinophilic asthma (EA) and non-asthmatic eosinophilic bronchitis (EB) share similar eosinophilic airway inflammation. Unlike EA, EB did not present airway hyperresponsiveness or airflow obstruction. We aimed to compare the mechanism underlying the different manifestations between EA and EB via sputum transcriptomics analysis. METHODS Induced-sputum cells from newly physician-diagnosed EA, EB patients, and healthy controls (HCs) were collected for RNA sequencing. RESULTS Bulk RNA sequencing was performed using sputum cells from patients with EA (n = 18), EB (n = 15) and HCs (n = 28). Principal component analysis revealed similar gene expression patterns in EA and EB. The most differentially expressed genes in EB compared with HC were also shared by EA, including IL4, IL5 IL13, CLC, CPA3, and DNASE1L3. However, gene set enrichment analysis showed that the signatures regulating macrophage activation were enriched in EA compared to EB. Sputum cells were profiled using single-cell RNA sequencing. FABP4+ macrophages, SPP1+ macrophages, FCN1+ macrophages, dendritic cells, T cells, B cells, mast cells, and epithelial cells were identified based on gene expression profiling. Analysis of cell-cell communication revealed that interactions between FCN1+ macrophages and other cells were higher in EA than in EB. A wealth of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) interactions between FCN1+ macrophages and other cells have been shown in EA. The gene expression levels of EREG, TGFBI, and VEGFA in FCN1+ macrophages of EA were significantly higher than those of EB. Furthermore, signatures associated with the response to TGF-β, cellular response to VEGF stimulus and developmental cell growth were enriched in FCN1+ macrophages of EA compared to those of EB. CONCLUSIONS FCN1+ macrophage activation associated with airway remodeling processes was upregulated in EA compared to that in EB, which may contribute to airway hyperresponsiveness and airflow obstruction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhi Zhan
- Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Luo
- Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yulong Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Single Cell Technology and Application, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Keheng Xiang
- Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaomei Chen
- Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuirong Shen
- Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chuqing Huang
- Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tingting Xu
- Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenbin Ding
- Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuehan Chen
- Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingtong Lin
- Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinghua Pan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Single Cell Technology and Application, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Pediatrics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery II, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Kefang Lai
- Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Savulescu AF, Peton N, Oosthuizen D, Hazra R, Rousseau RP, Mhlanga MM, Coussens AK. Quantifying spatial dynamics of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection of human macrophages using microfabricated patterns. CELL REPORTS METHODS 2023; 3:100640. [PMID: 37963461 PMCID: PMC10694489 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmeth.2023.100640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages provide a first line of defense against invading pathogens, including the leading cause of bacterial mortality, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). A challenge for quantitative characterization of host-pathogen processes in differentially polarized primary human monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) is their heterogeneous morphology. Here, we describe the use of microfabricated patterns that constrain the size and shape of cells, mimicking the physiological spatial confinement cells experience in tissues, to quantitatively characterize interactions during and after phagocytosis at the single-cell level at high resolution. Comparing pro-inflammatory (M1) and anti-inflammatory (M2) MDMs, we find interferon-γ stimulation increases the phagocytic contraction, while contraction and bacterial uptake decrease following silencing of phagocytosis regulator NHLRC2 or bacterial surface lipid removal. We identify host organelle position alterations within infected MDMs and differences in Mtb subcellular localization in line with M1 and M2 cellular polarity. Our approach can be adapted to study other host-pathogen interactions and coupled with downstream automated analytical approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anca F Savulescu
- Division of Chemical, Systems, & Synthetic Biology, Institute for Infectious Disease & Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory 7925, South Africa.
| | - Nashied Peton
- Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory 7925, South Africa; Infectious Diseases and Immune Defence Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Observatory 7925, South Africa
| | - Delia Oosthuizen
- Division of Chemical, Systems, & Synthetic Biology, Institute for Infectious Disease & Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory 7925, South Africa
| | - Rudranil Hazra
- Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory 7925, South Africa
| | - Robert P Rousseau
- Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory 7925, South Africa
| | - Musa M Mhlanga
- Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Epigenomics & Single Cell Biophysics Group, Department of Cell Biology, FNWI, Radboud University, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - Anna K Coussens
- Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory 7925, South Africa; Infectious Diseases and Immune Defence Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Observatory 7925, South Africa; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Cavalcante-Silva LHA, Leite EG, Almeida FS, de Andrade AG, Comberlang FC, Lucena CKR, Pachá ASC, Csordas BG, Keesen TSL. T Cell Response in Tuberculosis-Infected Patients Vaccinated against COVID-19. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2810. [PMID: 38004820 PMCID: PMC10673403 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11112810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Many studies have focused on SARS-CoV-2 and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) co-infection consequences. However, after a vaccination plan against COVID-19, the cases of severe disease and death are consistently controlled, although cases of asymptomatic and mild COVID-19 still happen together with tuberculosis (TB) cases. Thus, in this context, we sought to compare the T cell response of COVID-19-non-vaccinated and -vaccinated patients with active tuberculosis exposed to SARS-CoV-2 antigens. Flow cytometry was used to analyze activation markers (i.e., CD69 and CD137) and cytokines (IFN-γ, TNFα, IL-17, and IL-10) levels in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells upon exposure to SARS-CoV-2 peptides. The data obtained showed that CD8+ T cells from non-vaccinated TB patients present a high frequency of CD69 and TNF-α after viral challenge compared to vaccinated TB donors. Conversely, CD4+ T cells from vaccinated TB patients show a high frequency of IL-10 after spike peptide stimulus compared to non-vaccinated patients. No differences were observed in the other parameters analyzed. The results suggest that this reduced immune balance in coinfected individuals may have consequences for pathogen control, necessitating further research to understand its impact on clinical outcomes after COVID-19 vaccination in those with concurrent SARS-CoV-2 and Mtb infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luiz Henrique Agra Cavalcante-Silva
- Immunology of Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa 58051-900, PB, Brazil; (L.H.A.C.-S.); (E.G.L.); (F.S.A.); (A.G.d.A.); (F.C.C.); (B.G.C.)
| | - Ericka Garcia Leite
- Immunology of Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa 58051-900, PB, Brazil; (L.H.A.C.-S.); (E.G.L.); (F.S.A.); (A.G.d.A.); (F.C.C.); (B.G.C.)
| | - Fernanda Silva Almeida
- Immunology of Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa 58051-900, PB, Brazil; (L.H.A.C.-S.); (E.G.L.); (F.S.A.); (A.G.d.A.); (F.C.C.); (B.G.C.)
| | - Arthur Gomes de Andrade
- Immunology of Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa 58051-900, PB, Brazil; (L.H.A.C.-S.); (E.G.L.); (F.S.A.); (A.G.d.A.); (F.C.C.); (B.G.C.)
| | - Fernando Cézar Comberlang
- Immunology of Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa 58051-900, PB, Brazil; (L.H.A.C.-S.); (E.G.L.); (F.S.A.); (A.G.d.A.); (F.C.C.); (B.G.C.)
| | | | | | - Bárbara Guimarães Csordas
- Immunology of Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa 58051-900, PB, Brazil; (L.H.A.C.-S.); (E.G.L.); (F.S.A.); (A.G.d.A.); (F.C.C.); (B.G.C.)
| | - Tatjana S. L. Keesen
- Immunology of Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa 58051-900, PB, Brazil; (L.H.A.C.-S.); (E.G.L.); (F.S.A.); (A.G.d.A.); (F.C.C.); (B.G.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Shepelkova GS, Evstifeev VV, Berezovskiy YS, Tarasov RV, Bagirov MA, Yeremeev VV. Lung Inflammation Signature in Post-COVID-19 TB Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16315. [PMID: 38003504 PMCID: PMC10671676 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) remains a leading cause of infectious disease mortality worldwide, despite the COVID-19 pandemic. The mechanisms by which SARS-CoV-2 affects tuberculosis progression have not yet been established. Here, we compared the level of inflammation in the wall of the tuberculoma and in the parenchymal lung tissue of 30 patients diagnosed with tuberculoma without a history of COVID-19 and 30 patients diagnosed with tuberculoma 3 months after COVID-19. We also characterized TB activity in these patients using a panel of TB-associated miRNAs. Histopathological changes were examined in the resection material, and the expression level of cytokine/chemokine genes was determined by qRT-PCR. In patients with a history of COVID-19, the histological data obtained suggested activation of tuberculosis. In the same group of patients, as opposed to those without a history of COVID-19, equally high levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines/chemokines were expressed both in the tuberculoma wall and in the periphery of the resected specimen. A full set of miRNAs (miR-191, miR-193a, miR-222, miR-223, miR-155, miR-26a, and miR-150) were downregulated in the sera of patients with TB and active COVID-19 co-infection compared to controls. Our observations indicate signs of tuberculosis activation resulting from COVID-19 infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Galina S. Shepelkova
- Central Tuberculosis Research Institute, Moscow 107564, Russia; (V.V.E.); (Y.S.B.); (R.V.T.); (M.A.B.)
| | - Vladimir V. Evstifeev
- Central Tuberculosis Research Institute, Moscow 107564, Russia; (V.V.E.); (Y.S.B.); (R.V.T.); (M.A.B.)
| | - Yuriy S. Berezovskiy
- Central Tuberculosis Research Institute, Moscow 107564, Russia; (V.V.E.); (Y.S.B.); (R.V.T.); (M.A.B.)
- Moscow Regional Clinical Tuberculosis Center, Moscow 127055, Russia
| | - Ruslan V. Tarasov
- Central Tuberculosis Research Institute, Moscow 107564, Russia; (V.V.E.); (Y.S.B.); (R.V.T.); (M.A.B.)
| | - Mamed A. Bagirov
- Central Tuberculosis Research Institute, Moscow 107564, Russia; (V.V.E.); (Y.S.B.); (R.V.T.); (M.A.B.)
| | - Vladimir V. Yeremeev
- Central Tuberculosis Research Institute, Moscow 107564, Russia; (V.V.E.); (Y.S.B.); (R.V.T.); (M.A.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Guthrie CM, Tan X, Meeker AC, Self AE, Liu L, Cheng Y. Engineering a dual vaccine against COVID-19 and tuberculosis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1273019. [PMID: 37965265 PMCID: PMC10641007 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1273019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by SARS-CoV-2 virus, has been one of the top public health threats across the world over the past three years. Mycobacterium bovis BCG is currently the only licensed vaccine for tuberculosis, one of the deadliest infectious diseases in the world, that is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. In the past decades, recombinant M.bovis BCG has been studied as a novel vaccine vector for other infectious diseases in humans besides tuberculosis, such as viral infections. In the current study, we generated a recombinant M. bovis BCG strain AspikeRBD that expresses a fusion protein consisting of M. tb Ag85A protein and the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein using synthetic biology technique. Our results show that the recombinant M. bovis BCG strain successfully expressed this fusion protein. Interestingly, the recombinant M. bovis BCG strain AspikeRBD significantly induced SARS-CoV-2 spike-specific T cell activation and IgG production in mice when compared to the parental M.bovis BCG strain, and was more potent than the recombinant M.bovis BCG strain expressing SARS-CoV-2 spike RBD alone. As expected, the recombinant M. bovis BCG strain AspikeRBD activated an increased number of M. tb Ag85A-specific IFNγ-releasing T cells and enhanced IgG production in mice when compared to the parental M.bovis BCG strain or the BCG strain expressing SARS-CoV-2 spike RBD alone. Taken together, our results indicate a potential application of the recombinant M. bovis BCG strain AspikeRBD as a novel dual vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 and M. tb in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlyn Monèt Guthrie
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States
- Oklahoma Center for Respiratory and Infectious Diseases, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States
| | - Xuejuan Tan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States
- Oklahoma Center for Respiratory and Infectious Diseases, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States
| | - Amber Cherry Meeker
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States
- Oklahoma Center for Respiratory and Infectious Diseases, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States
| | - Ashton Elisabeth Self
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States
- Oklahoma Center for Respiratory and Infectious Diseases, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States
| | - Lin Liu
- Oklahoma Center for Respiratory and Infectious Diseases, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States
| | - Yong Cheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States
- Oklahoma Center for Respiratory and Infectious Diseases, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Palupi S, Pambudi I, Surya A, Bramanthi R, Arfi M, Suyanto S, Htet KKK, Chongsuvivatwong V. Sequence of COVID-19 Vaccination and COVID-19 Infection and Their Association With the Development of Active Tuberculosis: A Case-Control Study. Cureus 2023; 15:e46353. [PMID: 37790868 PMCID: PMC10544859 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.46353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Information regarding the cross-risk of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and tuberculosis (TB) is still sparse. This study aimed to identify the patterns of sequence of COVID-19 vaccination and COVID-19 infection and to explore the association between COVID-19 vaccination, COVID-19 infection, and the development of active TB. Methods It was a case-control study conducted in RSUD Dr. Iskak Hospital, Tulungagung, between October 2022 and April 2023. Active cases of TB patients were compared with non-TB controls in the same hospital, with the same age and sex. Their pattern of sequence of COVID-19 vaccination and infection was investigated. Logistic regression was used to assess the association between these key variables. Results Of 296 case-control sets, 64.2% were female. The mean ± standard deviation of age was 46 ± 15.6 years. 5.7% of the cases and 6.4% of the controls had a history of COVID-19 infection, whereas 58.8% and 68.4% had been vaccinated (mostly after infection). The adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval) of COVID-19 infection on risk to the development of active TB was 1.45 (0.58, 3.65). Those of COVID-19 vaccination of one to four doses were 0.42 (0.17, 1), 0.98 (0.58, 1.66), 0.48 (0.25, 0.93), and 0.09 (0.01, 0.81), respectively. Conclusion It was found that there were five patterns of sequence of COVID-19 infection and COVID-19 vaccination, with the most frequent being having COVID-19 infection before COVID-19 vaccination. Our data did not support the association between COVID-19 infection and the subsequent development of active TB. On the other hand, COVID-19 vaccination has been demonstrated to increase some protection against the development of active TB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Satiti Palupi
- Department of Epidemiology, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, THA
| | - Imran Pambudi
- Directorate of Direct Communicable Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Health Republic of Indonesia, Jakarta, IDN
| | - Asik Surya
- Directorate of Direct Communicable Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Health Republic of Indonesia, Jakarta, IDN
| | - Rendra Bramanthi
- Department of Microbiology, RSUD (Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah) Dr. Iskak Hospital, Tulungagung, IDN
| | - Mohamad Arfi
- Department of Pulmonology, RSUD (Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah) Dr. Iskak Hospital, Tulungagung, IDN
| | | | - Kyaw Ko Ko Htet
- Department of Epidemiology, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, THA
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Booysen P, Wilkinson KA, Sheerin D, Waters R, Coussens AK, Wilkinson RJ. Immune interaction between SARS-CoV-2 and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1254206. [PMID: 37841282 PMCID: PMC10569495 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1254206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) are major infectious causes of death, with meta-analyses and population-based studies finding increased mortality in co-infected patients simultaneously diagnosed with COVID-19 and tuberculosis (TB). There is a need to understand the immune interaction between SARS-CoV-2 and Mtb which impacts poor outcomes for those co-infected. We performed a PubMed and preprint search using keywords [SARS-CoV-2] AND [tuberculosis] AND [Immune response], including publications after January 2020, excluding reviews or opinions. Abstracts were evaluated by authors for inclusion of data specifically investigating the innate and/or acquired immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 and Mtb in humans and animal models, immunopathological responses in co-infection and both trials and investigations of potential protection against SARS-CoV-2 by Bacille Calmette Guérin (BCG). Of the 248 articles identified, 39 were included. Incidence of co-infection is discussed, considering in areas with a high burden of TB, where reported co-infection is likely underestimated. We evaluated evidence of the clinical association between COVID-19 and TB, discuss differences and similarities in immune responses in humans and in murine studies, and the implications of co-infection. SARS-CoV-2 and Mtb have both been shown to modulate immune responses, particularly of monocytes, macrophages, neutrophils, and T cells. Co-infection may result in impaired immunity to SARS-CoV-2, with an exacerbated inflammatory response, while T cell responses to Mtb may be modulated by SARS-CoV-2. Furthermore, there has been no proven potential COVID-19 clinical benefit of BCG despite numerous large-scale clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Petro Booysen
- Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa (CIDRI-Africa), Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Katalin A. Wilkinson
- Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa (CIDRI-Africa), Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Tuberculosis Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Dylan Sheerin
- Infectious Diseases and Immune Defence Division, The Walter & Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Robyn Waters
- Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa (CIDRI-Africa), Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Anna K. Coussens
- Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa (CIDRI-Africa), Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Infectious Diseases and Immune Defence Division, The Walter & Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Robert J. Wilkinson
- Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa (CIDRI-Africa), Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Tuberculosis Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Allué-Guardia A, Torrelles JB, Sigal A. Tuberculosis and COVID-19 in the elderly: factors driving a higher burden of disease. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1250198. [PMID: 37841265 PMCID: PMC10569613 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1250198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) and SARS-CoV-2 are both infections that can lead to severe disease in the lower lung. However, these two infections are caused by very different pathogens (Mycobacterium vs. virus), they have different mechanisms of pathogenesis and immune response, and differ in how long the infection lasts. Despite the differences, SARS-CoV-2 and M.tb share a common feature, which is also frequently observed in other respiratory infections: the burden of disease in the elderly is greater. Here, we discuss possible reasons for the higher burden in older adults, including the effect of co-morbidities, deterioration of the lung environment, auto-immunity, and a reduced antibody response. While the answer is likely to be multifactorial, understanding the main drivers across different infections may allow us to design broader interventions that increase the health-span of older people.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Allué-Guardia
- Population Health Program, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Jordi B. Torrelles
- Population Health Program, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, United States
- International Center for the Advancement of Research and Education (I•CARE), Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Alex Sigal
- Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, South Africa
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, Durban, South Africa
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Palupi S, Chongsuvivatwong V, Surya A, Suyanto S, Kumwichar P. Cross-Risk Between Tuberculosis and COVID-19 in East Java Province, Indonesia: An Analysis of Tuberculosis and COVID-19 Surveillance Registry Period 2020-2022. Cureus 2023; 15:e44857. [PMID: 37692189 PMCID: PMC10485793 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.44857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Tuberculosis (TB) and COVID-19 are highly transmissible diseases and pose a serious risk to public health. Unfortunately, information on cross-risk between the two diseases was still sparse. Our main objective was to estimate the excess risk among TB patients in getting COVID-19 infection and vice versa. METHODS The study design was a series of analyses of existing data from TB and COVID-19 registries in East Java Province, Indonesia. The study period was from January 2020 to June 2022. Case-by-case data for this study were obtained from the registration systems for TB and COVID-19 in separate databases. In comparing risk across different groups, adjusting for differences in risk factors that influence the outcome was essential. We overcame this problem by employing a standardized morbidity ratio. RESULTS Among 92,424 newly diagnosed TB patients, 1,326 were subsequently infected with COVID-19 during the study period, compared with 1,679 expected. The standardized morbidity ratio (95% confidence interval) was 72.61% (60.19%, 85.03%). Among 635,946 newly diagnosed COVID-19-infected patients, 987 subsequently got active TB during the study period against 1,679 expected. The standardized morbidity ratio (95% confidence interval) was 55.33% (49.24%, 61.42%). CONCLUSION There was no evidence of excess risk in either direction, the excess risk among TB patients in getting COVID-19 infection and vice versa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Satiti Palupi
- Department of Epidemiology, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, THA
- Department of Communicable Disease, East Java Provincial Health Office, Surabaya, IDN
| | | | - Asik Surya
- Department of Direct Communicable Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Health Republic of Indonesia, Jakarta, IDN
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Aiello A, Najafi-Fard S, Goletti D. Initial immune response after exposure to Mycobacterium tuberculosis or to SARS-COV-2: similarities and differences. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1244556. [PMID: 37662901 PMCID: PMC10470049 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1244556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) and Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), whose etiologic agent is severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), are currently the two deadliest infectious diseases in humans, which together have caused about more than 11 million deaths worldwide in the past 3 years. TB and COVID-19 share several aspects including the droplet- and aerosol-borne transmissibility, the lungs as primary target, some symptoms, and diagnostic tools. However, these two infectious diseases differ in other aspects as their incubation period, immune cells involved, persistence and the immunopathological response. In this review, we highlight the similarities and differences between TB and COVID-19 focusing on the innate and adaptive immune response induced after the exposure to Mtb and SARS-CoV-2 and the pathological pathways linking the two infections. Moreover, we provide a brief overview of the immune response in case of TB-COVID-19 co-infection highlighting the similarities and differences of each individual infection. A comprehensive understanding of the immune response involved in TB and COVID-19 is of utmost importance for the design of effective therapeutic strategies and vaccines for both diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Delia Goletti
- Translational Research Unit, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Corleis B, Bastian M, Hoffmann D, Beer M, Dorhoi A. Animal models for COVID-19 and tuberculosis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1223260. [PMID: 37638020 PMCID: PMC10451089 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1223260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Respiratory infections cause tremendous morbidity and mortality worldwide. Amongst these diseases, tuberculosis (TB), a bacterial illness caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis which often affects the lung, and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2), stand out as major drivers of epidemics of global concern. Despite their unrelated etiology and distinct pathology, these infections affect the same vital organ and share immunopathogenesis traits and an imperative demand to model the diseases at their various progression stages and localizations. Due to the clinical spectrum and heterogeneity of both diseases experimental infections were pursued in a variety of animal models. We summarize mammalian models employed in TB and COVID-19 experimental investigations, highlighting the diversity of rodent models and species peculiarities for each infection. We discuss the utility of non-human primates for translational research and emphasize on the benefits of non-conventional experimental models such as livestock. We epitomize advances facilitated by animal models with regard to understanding disease pathophysiology and immune responses. Finally, we highlight research areas necessitating optimized models and advocate that research of pulmonary infectious diseases could benefit from cross-fertilization between studies of apparently unrelated diseases, such as TB and COVID-19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Björn Corleis
- Institute of Immunology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Max Bastian
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Donata Hoffmann
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Martin Beer
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Anca Dorhoi
- Institute of Immunology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Shaw JA, Malherbe ST, Walzl G, du Plessis N. Suppressive myeloid cells in SARS-CoV-2 and Mycobacterium tuberculosis co-infection. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1222911. [PMID: 37545508 PMCID: PMC10399583 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1222911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidemiologic data show that both current and previous tuberculosis (TB) increase the risk of in-hospital mortality from coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), and there is a similar trend for poor outcomes from Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection after recent SARS-CoV-2. A shared dysregulation of immunity explains the dual risk posed by co-infection, but the specific mechanisms are being explored. While initial attention focused on T cell immunity, more comprehensive analyses revealed a dysfunctional innate immune response in COVID-19, characterized by reduced numbers of dendritic cells, NK cells and a redistribution of mononuclear phagocytes towards intermediate myeloid subsets. During hyper- or chronic inflammatory processes, activation signals from molecules such as growth factors and alarmins lead to the expansion of an immature population of myeloid cells called myeloid-deprived suppressor cells (MDSC). These cells enter a state of pathological activation, lose their ability to rapidly clear pathogens, and instead become broadly immunosuppressive. MDSC are enriched in the peripheral blood of patients with severe COVID-19; associated with mortality; and with higher levels of inflammatory cytokines. In TB, MDSC have been implicated in loss of control of Mtb in the granuloma and ineffective innate and T cell immunity to the pathogen. Considering that innate immune sensing serves as first line of both anti-bacterial and anti-viral defence mechanisms, we propose MDSC as a crucial mechanism for the adverse clinical trajectories of TB-COVID-19 coinfection.
Collapse
|
15
|
Chiok KR, Dhar N, Banerjee A. Mycobacterium tuberculosis and SARS-CoV-2 co-infections: The knowns and unknowns. iScience 2023; 26:106629. [PMID: 37091987 PMCID: PMC10082467 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Health impacts of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) and SARS-CoV-2 co-infections are not fully understood. Both pathogens modulate host responses and induce immunopathology with extensive lung damage. With a quarter of the world's population harboring latent TB, exploring the relationship between SARS-CoV-2 infection and its effect on the transition of Mtb from latent to active form is paramount to control this pathogen. The effects of active Mtb infection on establishment and severity of COVID-19 are also unknown, despite the ability of TB to orchestrate profound long-lasting immunopathologies in the lungs. Absence of mechanistic studies and co-infection models hinder the development of effective interventions to reduce the health impacts of SARS-CoV-2 and Mtb co-infection. Here, we highlight dysregulated immune responses induced by SARS-CoV-2 and Mtb, their potential interplay, and implications for co-infection in the lungs. As both pathogens master immunomodulation, we discuss relevant converging and diverging immune-related pathways underlying SARS-CoV-2 and Mtb co-infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kim R Chiok
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E3, Canada
| | - Neeraj Dhar
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E3, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
- Respiratory Research Centre, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Arinjay Banerjee
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E3, Canada
- Respiratory Research Centre, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4, Canada
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Njekwa K, Muyoyeta M, Mulenga B, Chisenga CC, Simuyandi M, Chilengi R. Superimposed Pulmonary Tuberculosis (PTB) in a 26-Year-Old Female with No Underlying Co-Morbidities Recovering from COVID-19-Case Report. Trop Med Infect Dis 2023; 8:tropicalmed8050268. [PMID: 37235316 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed8050268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis before the COVID-19 pandemic is said to have killed more people globally than any other communicable disease and is ranked the 13th cause of death, according to the WHO. Tuberculosis also still remains highly endemic, especially in LIMCs with a high burden of people living with HIV/AIDS, in which it is the leading cause of mortality. Given the risk factors associated with COVID-19, the cross similarities between tuberculosis and COVID-19 symptoms, and the paucity of data on how both diseases impact each other, there is a need to generate more information on COVID-19-TB co-infection. In this case report, we present a young female patient of reproductive age with no underlying comorbidities recovering from COVID-19, who later presented with pulmonary tuberculosis. It describes the series of investigations performed and treatments given during the follow-up. There is a need for more surveillance for possible COVID-19-TB co-infection cases and further research to understand the impact of COVID-19 on tuberculosis and vice versa, especially in LMICs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katanekwa Njekwa
- Center for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia (CIDRZ), P.O. Box 34681, Lusaka 10101, Zambia
| | - Monde Muyoyeta
- Center for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia (CIDRZ), P.O. Box 34681, Lusaka 10101, Zambia
- Tuberculosis Programs-Director, Centre for Infectious Disease Research, P.O. Box 34681, Lusaka 10101, Zambia
| | - Bavin Mulenga
- Center for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia (CIDRZ), P.O. Box 34681, Lusaka 10101, Zambia
| | | | - Michelo Simuyandi
- Center for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia (CIDRZ), P.O. Box 34681, Lusaka 10101, Zambia
- Enteric Diseases and Vaccine Research Unit (EDVRU)-Director, P.O. Box 34681, Lusaka 10101, Zambia
| | - Roma Chilengi
- Center for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia (CIDRZ), P.O. Box 34681, Lusaka 10101, Zambia
- Zambia National Public Health Institute (ZNPHI)-Director, H9M2+WGX, Lusaka 10101, Zambia
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Udoakang AJ, Djomkam Zune AL, Tapela K, Nganyewo NN, Olisaka FN, Anyigba CA, Tawiah-Eshun S, Owusu IA, Paemka L, Awandare GA, Quashie PK. The COVID-19, tuberculosis and HIV/AIDS: Ménage à Trois. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1104828. [PMID: 36776887 PMCID: PMC9911459 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1104828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In December 2019, a novel pneumonic condition, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID- 19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), broke out in China and spread globally. The presentation of COVID-19 is more severe in persons with underlying medical conditions such as Tuberculosis (TB), Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (HIV/AIDS) and other pneumonic conditions. All three diseases are of global concern and can significantly affect the lungs with characteristic cytokine storm, immunosuppression, and respiratory failure. Co-infections of SARS-CoV-2 with HIV and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) have been reported, which may influence their pathogenesis and disease progression. Pulmonary TB and HIV/AIDS patients could be more susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection leading to lethal synergy and disease severity. Therefore, the biological and epidemiological interactions of COVID-19, HIV/AIDS, and TB need to be understood holistically. While data is needed to predict the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on these existing diseases, it is necessary to review the implications of the evolving COVID-19 management on HIV/AIDS and TB control, including therapy and funding. Also, the impact of long COVID on patients, who may have this co-infection. Thus, this review highlights the implications of COVID-19, HIV/AIDS, and TB co-infection compares disease mechanisms, addresses growing concerns, and suggests a direction for improved diagnosis and general management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aniefiok John Udoakang
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens (WACCBIP), College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
- Department of Biosciences and Biotechnology, University of Medical Sciences, Ondo, Nigeria
| | - Alexandra Lindsey Djomkam Zune
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens (WACCBIP), College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Kesego Tapela
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens (WACCBIP), College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Nora Nghochuzie Nganyewo
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens (WACCBIP), College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
- Medical Research Council Unit, The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia
| | - Frances Ngozi Olisaka
- Environmental and Public Health Microbiology, Department of Biological Science, Benson Idahosa University, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria
| | - Claudia Adzo Anyigba
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens (WACCBIP), College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | | | - Irene Amoakoh Owusu
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens (WACCBIP), College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Lily Paemka
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens (WACCBIP), College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Gordon A. Awandare
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens (WACCBIP), College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Peter Kojo Quashie
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens (WACCBIP), College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
- Virology Department, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Kaforou M, Broderick C, Vito O, Levin M, Scriba TJ, Seddon JA. Transcriptomics for child and adolescent tuberculosis. Immunol Rev 2022; 309:97-122. [PMID: 35818983 PMCID: PMC9540430 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) in humans is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). It is estimated that 70 million children (<15 years) are currently infected with Mtb, with 1.2 million each year progressing to disease. Of these, a quarter die. The risk of progression from Mtb infection to disease and from disease to death is dependent on multiple pathogen and host factors. Age is a central component in all these transitions. The natural history of TB in children and adolescents is different to adults, leading to unique challenges in the development of diagnostics, therapeutics, and vaccines. The quantification of RNA transcripts in specific cells or in the peripheral blood, using high-throughput methods, such as microarray analysis or RNA-Sequencing, can shed light into the host immune response to Mtb during infection and disease, as well as understanding treatment response, disease severity, and vaccination, in a global hypothesis-free manner. Additionally, gene expression profiling can be used for biomarker discovery, to diagnose disease, predict future disease progression and to monitor response to treatment. Here, we review the role of transcriptomics in children and adolescents, focused mainly on work done in blood, to understand disease biology, and to discriminate disease states to assist clinical decision-making. In recent years, studies with a specific pediatric and adolescent focus have identified blood gene expression markers with diagnostic or prognostic potential that meet or exceed the current sensitivity and specificity targets for diagnostic tools. Diagnostic and prognostic gene expression signatures identified through high-throughput methods are currently being translated into diagnostic tests.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Myrsini Kaforou
- Department of Infectious DiseaseImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | | | - Ortensia Vito
- Department of Infectious DiseaseImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Michael Levin
- Department of Infectious DiseaseImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Thomas J. Scriba
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, Department of PathologyUniversity of Cape TownCape TownSouth Africa
| | - James A. Seddon
- Department of Infectious DiseaseImperial College LondonLondonUK
- Desmond Tutu TB Centre, Department of Paediatrics and Child HealthStellenbosch UniversityCape TownSouth Africa
| |
Collapse
|