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Das M, Teli P, Vaidya A, Kale V. Expression of CD45 in non-hematopoietic cells: implications in regenerative medicine and disease management. Regen Med 2024:1-13. [PMID: 39058408 DOI: 10.1080/17460751.2024.2378627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
CD45 plays a crucial role in the regulation of hematopoiesis. However, a comprehensive understanding of its role in non-hematopoietic cells is lacking. Several tissue precursors express CD45, indicating its crucial role in tissue regeneration. These precursors would fall prey to the recent therapies involving CD45 as a target. CD45+ double-positive tumor cells contribute to cancer progression, but whether CD45 is involved in the process needs to be investigated. Recently, we showed that aging induces CD45 expression in mesenchymal stromal cells and affects their differentiation potential. In this review, we, for the first time, unravel the important implications of the expression of CD45 in non-hematopoietic cells and provide novel insights into its potential therapeutic target in regenerative medicine and disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhurima Das
- Symbiosis Centre for Stem Cell Research, Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Pune, 412115, India
| | - Prajakta Teli
- Symbiosis Centre for Stem Cell Research, Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Pune, 412115, India
- Symbiosis School of Biological Sciences, Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Pune, 412115, India
| | - Anuradha Vaidya
- Symbiosis Centre for Stem Cell Research, Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Pune, 412115, India
- Symbiosis School of Biological Sciences, Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Pune, 412115, India
| | - Vaijayanti Kale
- Symbiosis Centre for Stem Cell Research, Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Pune, 412115, India
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Antwi-Baffour S, Mensah BT, Ahiakonu SA, Armah DNO, Ali-Mustapha S, Annison L. Evaluation of immunophenotypic alterations of peripheral blood lymphocytes and their sub-sets in uncomplicated P. Falciparum infection. BMC Immunol 2024; 25:44. [PMID: 38987710 PMCID: PMC11234552 DOI: 10.1186/s12865-024-00638-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malaria is a life-threatening parasitic disease typically transmitted through the bite of an infected Anopheles mosquito. There is ample evidence showing the potential of malaria infection to affect the counts of lymphocyte subpopulations in the peripheral blood, but the extent of alteration might not be consistent in all geographical locations, due to several local factors. Although Ghana is among the malaria-endemic countries, there is currently no available data on the level of alterations that occur in the counts of lymphocyte subpopulations during P. falciparum malaria infection among adults. AIM The study was to determine the immunophenotypic alterations in the level of peripheral blood lymphocytes and their subsets in adults with uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria infection and apparently healthy participants. METHODS The study was a cross-sectional comparative study conducted in two municipalities of the Volta region of Ghana. Blood samples were collected from study participants and taken through serology (P. falciparum/Pan Rapid Diagnostic Kits), microscopy (Thick and thin blood films) and Haematological (Flow cytometric and Full blood count) analysis. RESULTS A total of 414 participants, comprising 214 patients with malaria and 200 apparently healthy individuals (controls) were recruited into this study. Parasite density of the malaria patients ranged from 75/µL to 84,364/µL, with a mean of 3,520/µL. It was also observed that the total lymphocytes slightly decreased in the P. falciparum-infected individuals (Mean ± SD: 2.08 ± 4.93 × 109/L) compared to the control group (Mean ± SD: 2.47 ± 0.80 × 109/L). Again, there was a significant moderate positive correlation between parasite density and haematocrit levels (r = 0.321, p < 0.001). Apart from CD45 + T-cells, more people in the control group had normal values for the lymphocyte subsets measured compared to the malaria patients. CONCLUSIONS From the results obtained, there was high parasite density among the malaria patients suggestive of high intensity of infection in the case group. The malaria patients again showed considerable haematological alterations in lymphocyte sub-sets and the parasite density appeared to be strongly associated with CD4 + T-cell reduction. Also, the parasite density significantly associated with decreasing haematocrit levels. This indicates that lymphocyte subset enumeration can be used to effectively support malaria diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Antwi-Baffour
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Biomedical and Allied Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Korle-Bu, P. O. Box KB 143, Accra, Ghana.
| | - Benjamin Tetteh Mensah
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Biomedical and Allied Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Korle-Bu, P. O. Box KB 143, Accra, Ghana
| | - Simon Aglona Ahiakonu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Biomedical and Allied Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Korle-Bu, P. O. Box KB 143, Accra, Ghana
| | - Dorinda Naa Okailey Armah
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Biomedical and Allied Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Korle-Bu, P. O. Box KB 143, Accra, Ghana
| | - Samira Ali-Mustapha
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Nursing, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
| | - Lawrence Annison
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, School of Medical Sciences, Accra Technical University, Accra, Ghana
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Salvetat N, Checa-Robles FJ, Delacrétaz A, Cayzac C, Dubuc B, Vetter D, Dainat J, Lang JP, Gamma F, Weissmann D. AI algorithm combined with RNA editing-based blood biomarkers to discriminate bipolar from major depressive disorders in an external validation multicentric cohort. J Affect Disord 2024; 356:385-393. [PMID: 38615844 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Bipolar disorder (BD) is a leading cause of disability worldwide, as it can lead to cognitive and functional impairment and premature mortality. The first episode of BD is usually a depressive episode and is often misdiagnosed as major depressive disorder (MDD). Growing evidence indicates that peripheral immune activation and inflammation are involved in the pathophysiology of BD and MDD. Recently, by developing a panel of RNA editing-based blood biomarkers able to discriminate MDD from depressive BD, we have provided clinicians a new tool to reduce the misdiagnosis delay observed in patients suffering from BD. The present study aimed at validating the diagnostic value of this panel in an external independent multicentric Switzerland-based cohort of 143 patients suffering from moderate to major depression. The RNA-editing based blood biomarker (BMK) algorithm developped allowed to accurately discriminate MDD from depressive BD in an external cohort, with high accuracy, sensitivity and specificity values (82.5 %, 86.4 % and 80.8 %, respectively). These findings further confirm the important role of RNA editing in the physiopathology of mental disorders and emphasize the possible clinical usefulness of the biomarker panel for optimization treatment delay in patients suffering from BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Salvetat
- ALCEDIAG/Sys2Diag, CNRS UMR 9005, Parc Euromédecine, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Aurélie Delacrétaz
- Les Toises. Center for psychiatry and psychotherapy, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Christopher Cayzac
- ALCEDIAG/Sys2Diag, CNRS UMR 9005, Parc Euromédecine, Montpellier, France
| | - Benjamin Dubuc
- ALCEDIAG/Sys2Diag, CNRS UMR 9005, Parc Euromédecine, Montpellier, France
| | - Diana Vetter
- ALCEDIAG/Sys2Diag, CNRS UMR 9005, Parc Euromédecine, Montpellier, France
| | - Jacques Dainat
- ALCEDIAG/Sys2Diag, CNRS UMR 9005, Parc Euromédecine, Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Lang
- ALCEDIAG/Sys2Diag, CNRS UMR 9005, Parc Euromédecine, Montpellier, France; Les Toises. Center for psychiatry and psychotherapy, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Franziska Gamma
- Les Toises. Center for psychiatry and psychotherapy, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Dinah Weissmann
- ALCEDIAG/Sys2Diag, CNRS UMR 9005, Parc Euromédecine, Montpellier, France.
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Ma Y, Lai J, Wan Q, Chen Z, Sun L, Zhang Q, Guan C, Li Q, Wu J. Identification of common mechanisms and biomarkers for dermatomyositis and atherosclerosis based on bioinformatics analysis. Skin Res Technol 2024; 30:e13808. [PMID: 38899746 PMCID: PMC11187814 DOI: 10.1111/srt.13808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dermatomyositis (DM) manifests as an autoimmune and inflammatory condition, clinically characterized by subacute progressive proximal muscle weakness, rashes or both along with extramuscular manifestations. Literature indicates that DM shares common risk factors with atherosclerosis (AS), and they often co-occur, yet the etiology and pathogenesis remain to be fully elucidated. This investigation aims to utilize bioinformatics methods to clarify the crucial genes and pathways that influence the pathophysiology of both DM and AS. METHOD Microarray datasets for DM (GSE128470, GSE1551, GSE143323) and AS (GSE100927, GSE28829, GSE43292) were retrieved from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. The weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was used to reveal their co-expressed modules. Differentially expression genes (DEGs) were identified using the "limma" package in R software, and the functions of common DEGs were determined by functional enrichment analysis. A protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was established using the STRING database, with central genes evaluated by the cytoHubba plugin, and validated through external datasets. Immune infiltration analysis of the hub genes was conducted using the CIBERSORT method, along with Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA). Finally, the NetworkAnalyst platform was employed to examine the transcription factors (TFs) responsible for regulating pivotal crosstalk genes. RESULTS Utilizing WGCNA analysis, a total of 271 overlapping genes were pinpointed. Subsequent DEG analysis revealed 34 genes that are commonly found in both DM and AS, including 31 upregulated genes and 3 downregulated genes. The Degree Centrality algorithm was applied separately to the WGCNA and DEG collections to select the 15 genes with the highest connectivity, and crossing the two gene sets yielded 3 hub genes (PTPRC, TYROBP, CXCR4). Validation with external datasets showed their diagnostic value for DM and AS. Analysis of immune infiltration indicates that lymphocytes and macrophages are significantly associated with the pathogenesis of DM and AS. Moreover, GSEA analysis suggested that the shared genes are enriched in various receptor interactions and multiple cytokines and receptor signaling pathways. We coupled the 3 hub genes with their respective predicted genes, identifying a potential key TF, CBFB, which interacts with all 3 hub genes. CONCLUSION This research utilized comprehensive bioinformatics techniques to explore the shared pathogenesis of DM and AS. The three key genes, including PTPRC, TYROBP, and CXCR4, are related to the pathogenesis of DM and AS. The central genes and their correlations with immune cells may serve as potential diagnostic and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yirong Ma
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese MedicineNanchangJiangxiChina
| | - Junyu Lai
- Department of cardiovascularAffiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese MedicineNanchangJiangxiChina
| | - Qiang Wan
- Department of cardiovascularAffiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese MedicineNanchangJiangxiChina
| | - Zhengtao Chen
- Department of cardiovascularAffiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese MedicineNanchangJiangxiChina
| | - Liqiang Sun
- Department of cardiovascularAffiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese MedicineNanchangJiangxiChina
| | - Qinhe Zhang
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese MedicineNanchangJiangxiChina
| | - Chengyan Guan
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese MedicineNanchangJiangxiChina
| | - Qiming Li
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese MedicineNanchangJiangxiChina
| | - Jianguang Wu
- Department of cardiovascularAffiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese MedicineNanchangJiangxiChina
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Lafargue-Hauret J, Lozac'h K, Kabore B, Bobé P. [CD45 pre-exclusion from the tips of microvilli : role in their activation]. Med Sci (Paris) 2024; 40:212-214. [PMID: 38411434 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/2023214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Pierre Bobé
- UMR 996 Inserm-université Paris-Saclay, France
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Li X, Yue Z, Wang D, Zhou L. PTPRC functions as a prognosis biomarker in the tumor microenvironment of cutaneous melanoma. Sci Rep 2023; 13:20617. [PMID: 37996489 PMCID: PMC10667527 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46794-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous melanoma is one of the most malignant types of skin cancer, with an extremely poor prognosis. Immune cells infiltrated in the tumor microenvironment (TME) affects melanoma initiation, progression, prognosis and immunotherapy strategies in melanoma. The potential utility of TME-related genes as a prognostic model for melanoma and as a predictor of immunotherapeutic response merits further exploration. In this study, we determined that an immune-related gene, protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type C (PTPRC), was positively correlated with the positive prognosis of melanoma patients. Integration of this gene with TNM classification created a predictive model that showed better performance in determining overall survival than others. PTPRC expression was positively correlated with the levels of immune checkpoint molecules, and PTPRC knockdown significantly enhanced the migration, invasion, and proliferation of melanoma cells. Finally, immunohistochemical results from HPA and Real-time quantitative PCR of clinical tissues confirmed that PTPRC expression was higher in melanoma than in normal skin. In conclusion, PTPRC served as a potential predictor of survival and response to immunotherapy in melanoma patients. The risk model combining the PTPRC and TNM classifications holds the potential to be a promising tool for prognostic prediction of cutaneous melanoma. This will help in the effective clinical management of melanoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Li
- Department of Dermatology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhanghui Yue
- Department of Dermatology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410000, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Dermatology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lu Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410000, People's Republic of China.
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Sarapultsev A, Gusev E, Komelkova M, Utepova I, Luo S, Hu D. JAK-STAT signaling in inflammation and stress-related diseases: implications for therapeutic interventions. MOLECULAR BIOMEDICINE 2023; 4:40. [PMID: 37938494 PMCID: PMC10632324 DOI: 10.1186/s43556-023-00151-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The Janus kinase-signal transducer and transcription activator pathway (JAK-STAT) serves as a cornerstone in cellular signaling, regulating physiological and pathological processes such as inflammation and stress. Dysregulation in this pathway can lead to severe immunodeficiencies and malignancies, and its role extends to neurotransduction and pro-inflammatory signaling mechanisms. Although JAK inhibitors (Jakinibs) have successfully treated immunological and inflammatory disorders, their application has generally been limited to diseases with similar pathogenic features. Despite the modest expression of JAK-STAT in the CNS, it is crucial for functions in the cortex, hippocampus, and cerebellum, making it relevant in conditions like Parkinson's disease and other neuroinflammatory disorders. Furthermore, the influence of the pathway on serotonin receptors and phospholipase C has implications for stress and mood disorders. This review expands the understanding of JAK-STAT, moving beyond traditional immunological contexts to explore its role in stress-related disorders and CNS function. Recent findings, such as the effectiveness of Jakinibs in chronic conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis, expand their therapeutic applicability. Advances in isoform-specific inhibitors, including filgotinib and upadacitinib, promise greater specificity with fewer off-target effects. Combination therapies, involving Jakinibs and monoclonal antibodies, aiming to enhance therapeutic specificity and efficacy also give great hope. Overall, this review bridges the gap between basic science and clinical application, elucidating the complex influence of the JAK-STAT pathway on human health and guiding future interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey Sarapultsev
- Russian-Chinese Education and Research Center of System Pathology, South Ural State University, 454080, Chelyabinsk, Russia.
- Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 620049, Ekaterinburg, Russia.
| | - Evgenii Gusev
- Russian-Chinese Education and Research Center of System Pathology, South Ural State University, 454080, Chelyabinsk, Russia
- Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 620049, Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Maria Komelkova
- Russian-Chinese Education and Research Center of System Pathology, South Ural State University, 454080, Chelyabinsk, Russia
- Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 620049, Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Irina Utepova
- Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 620049, Ekaterinburg, Russia
- Department of Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, Ural Federal University, 620002, Ekaterinburg, Russian Federation
| | - Shanshan Luo
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Desheng Hu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, The Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Clinical Research Center of Cancer Immunotherapy, Hubei Wuhan, 430022, China
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Zhang K, Yu X, Zhang Y, Lu D, Yao X, Hong T, Ren Y, Chen L, Wang X. Identification of key genes in salivary gland in Sjögren's syndrome complicated with Hashimoto thyroiditis: Common pathogenesis and potential diagnostic markers. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e35188. [PMID: 37773833 PMCID: PMC10545362 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000035188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The coexistence of Sjögren's syndrome (SS) and Hashimoto thyroiditis (HT) has been confirmed, but the common mechanism of its co-occurrence remains unknown. This study aims to further explore the underlying mechanism and biomarkers for the co-occurrence of SS and HT. The Gene Expression Omnibus databases were used to obtain gene expression profiles for SS (GSE127952 and GSE23117) and HT (GSE29315 and GSE138198). Following identifying SS and HT's shared differentially expressed genes, functional annotation, protein-protein interaction network creation, and module assembly were performed to discover hub genes. H&E staining and immunohistochemistry were performed to validate the expression of the hub genes in salivary glands. Finally, the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was utilized to assess the discrimination of the hub genes as biomarkers in predicting SS, this study applied CIBERSORTx to analyze the immune infiltration in SS and HT in addition. A total of 48 common differentially expressed genes (48 upregulated genes and 0 downregulated genes) were chosen for further investigation. We analyzed the expression and function of PTPRC, CD69, IKZF1, and lymphocyte cytosolic protein 2 via H&E, immunohistochemistry, and ROC analysis. The 4 hub genes were mainly enriched in the T-cell receptor signaling pathway. We then evaluated and verified the diagnosis value of 4 hub genes in clinical minor labial gland biopsy of SS with HT, SS without HT, and non-SS. ROC analysis revealed that the 4 hub genes had a strong diagnostic value. Our study showed the common pathogenesis of SS and HT. These hub genes and diagnostic models may put forward some new insights for diagnosing and treating SS complicated with HT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiyuan Zhang
- Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xue Yu
- Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuxin Zhang
- Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dingqi Lu
- First Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinyi Yao
- Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tao Hong
- Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yating Ren
- Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liying Chen
- Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinchang Wang
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People’s Republic of China
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9
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Koretzky GA. Building on the Past, Meeting the Moment. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2023; 210:849-854. [PMID: 36947823 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2390003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gary A Koretzky
- Department of Internal Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca NY
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10
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Hendriks WJAJ, van Cruchten RTP, Pulido R. Hereditable variants of classical protein tyrosine phosphatase genes: Will they prove innocent or guilty? Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 10:1051311. [PMID: 36755664 PMCID: PMC9900141 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1051311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein tyrosine phosphatases, together with protein tyrosine kinases, control many molecular signaling steps that control life at cellular and organismal levels. Impairing alterations in the genes encoding the involved proteins is expected to profoundly affect the quality of life-if compatible with life at all. Here, we review the current knowledge on the effects of germline variants that have been reported for genes encoding a subset of the protein tyrosine phosphatase superfamily; that of the thirty seven classical members. The conclusion must be that the newest genome research tools produced an avalanche of data that suggest 'guilt by association' for individual genes to specific disorders. Future research should face the challenge to investigate these accusations thoroughly and convincingly, to reach a mature genotype-phenotype map for this intriguing protein family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiljan J. A. J. Hendriks
- Department of Cell Biology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands,*Correspondence: Wiljan J. A. J. Hendriks,
| | | | - Rafael Pulido
- Biomarkers in Cancer Unit, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain,Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
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11
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Šálková E, Schmidt-Posthaus H, Lutz I, Kocour Kroupová H, Steinbach C. Immunohistochemical investigation of epithelial, mesenchymal, neuroectodermal, immune and endocrine markers in sterlet (Acipenser ruthenus), shortnose sturgeon (Acipenser brevirostrum) and common carp (Cyprinus carpio). FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2022; 48:1737-1749. [PMID: 36478317 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-022-01145-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is a laboratory method widely used to characterize tissue and cell origin, both in human and veterinary medicine. In fish, however, little is known about staining characteristics of most tissue types, and especially for less studied chondrostean fish. The aim of this study was to examine the specificity of various immunohistochemical markers in tissues of chondrostean and teleostean fish and to validate diagnostic tests. Sterlet (Acipenser ruthenus L.), shortnose sturgeon (Acipenser brevirostrum) and common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) were examined. Markers were chosen as representatives of epithelial (cytokeratin AE1/AE3), mesenchymal (vimentin), neuroectodermal (S-100 protein), lymphoid (leukocyte common antigen, LCA) and endocrine (thyroglobulin, thyroxin) tissues and organs. Applied antibodies were of monoclonal or polyclonal mammalian origin and primarily intended for human medicine research or diagnostic application. No species differences were obvious while examining sterlet, shortnose sturgeon and carp. Cytokeratin AE1/AE3, vimentin, S-100 protein and thyroxin were positive on targeted tissues and structures. Leukocyte common antigen (LCA) and thyroglobulin were negative on targeted structures, however, and with clear cross-reactivity on non-targeted tissues (vascular wall, granulocytes). Conclusive results were obtained when using polyclonal antibodies with dilution adjusted to laboratory practice, while application of ready-to-use (RTU) kits with pre-diluted antibodies or monoclonal antibodies often showed conflicting or inconclusive results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Šálková
- Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Centre of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Zátiší 728/II, 389 25, Vodňany, Czech Republic.
| | - Heike Schmidt-Posthaus
- Centre for Fish and Wildlife Health, Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, University of Bern, Länggassstrasse 122, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ilka Lutz
- Department of Ecophysiology and Aquaculture, Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Müggelseedamm 301, 12587, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hana Kocour Kroupová
- Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Centre of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Zátiší 728/II, 389 25, Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - Christoph Steinbach
- Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Centre of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Zátiší 728/II, 389 25, Vodňany, Czech Republic.
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Lv H, Wang T, Zhai S, Hou Z, Chen S. Dynamic transcriptome changes during osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells isolated from chicken. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:940248. [PMID: 36120570 PMCID: PMC9478182 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.940248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoblasts are indispensable for skeletal growth and maintenance. Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) are useful in studying osteogenesis. In this study, BMSCs isolated from White Leghorns were differentiated into osteoblasts in vitro. Cells induced for -1, 0, 1, 11, and 22 d were used for transcriptomic analyses using the HISAT2-Stringtie-DESeq2 pipeline. Weighted correlation network analysis was processed to investigate significant modules, including differentially expressed genes (DEGs), correlated with osteogenic differentiation. Gene ontology and pathway enrichment analyses of DEGs were performed to elucidate the mechanisms of osteoblast differentiation. A total of 534, 1,144, 1,077, and 337 DEGs were identified between cells induced for -1 and 0, 0 and 1, 1 and 11, and 11 and 22 d, respectively (|log2FC| > 1.0, FDR <0.05). DEGs were mainly enriched in pathways related to cell proliferation in the early stage of osteogenic differentiation and pathways, such as the TGF-β signaling pathway, in the middle and late stages of osteogenic differentiation. A protein–protein interaction network of the 87 DEGs in the MEturquoise module within top 5-%-degree value was built utilizing the STRING database. This study is the first to elucidate the transcriptomic changes in the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs isolated from White Leghorns at different times. Our results provide insight into the dynamic transcriptome changes during BMSC differentiation into osteoblasts in chicken.
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13
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Ye N, Cai J, Dong Y, Chen H, Bo Z, Zhao X, Xia M, Han M. A multi-omic approach reveals utility of CD45 expression in prognosis and novel target discovery. Front Genet 2022; 13:928328. [PMID: 36061172 PMCID: PMC9428580 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.928328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
CD45, the leukocyte common antigen, is expressed on almost all cells of the immunological and hematological systems. CD45 expression is related to a variety of diseases, including leukemia and lymphoma. In this study, we analyzed the expression level of CD45 across cancers and evaluated the relationship between its expression and patient prognosis. We further integrated methylation data to explore the differences in CD45 across cancers from a multi-omics perspective. We also analyzed the relationship between CD45 expression and levels of immune cell infiltrates and immune modifiers. Our results revealed the distinct expression characteristics and prognostic value of CD45 across multiple tumors. In addition, we screened drug targets based on the immune index defined by CD45 expression and identified that GPR84 affected the proliferation of tumor cells and was associated with the inflammation caused by immunotherapy. In summary, our findings provide a comprehensive understanding of the role of CD45 in oncogenesis and its prognostic significance across cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ni Ye
- Department of General Practice, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jie Cai
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yulong Dong
- The Third Department of Hepatic Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huiyao Chen
- Molecular Medical Center, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiyuan Bo
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiaogang Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Mei Han, ; Mingyang Xia, ; Xiaogang Zhao,
| | - Mingyang Xia
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Mei Han, ; Mingyang Xia, ; Xiaogang Zhao,
| | - Mei Han
- Department of General Practice, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Mei Han, ; Mingyang Xia, ; Xiaogang Zhao,
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14
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Tetraspanin CD53 controls T cell immunity through regulation of CD45RO stability, mobility, and function. Cell Rep 2022; 39:111006. [PMID: 35767951 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
T cells depend on the phosphatase CD45 to initiate T cell receptor signaling. Although the critical role of CD45 in T cells is established, the mechanisms controlling function and localization in the membrane are not well understood. Moreover, the regulation of specific CD45 isoforms in T cell signaling remains unresolved. By using unbiased mass spectrometry, we identify the tetraspanin CD53 as a partner of CD45 and show that CD53 controls CD45 function and T cell activation. CD53-negative T cells (Cd53-/-) exhibit substantial proliferation defects, and Cd53-/- mice show impaired tumor rejection and reduced IFNγ-producing T cells compared with wild-type mice. Investigation into the mechanism reveals that CD53 is required for CD45RO expression and mobility. In addition, CD53 is shown to stabilize CD45 on the membrane and is required for optimal phosphatase activity and subsequent Lck activation. Together, our findings reveal CD53 as a regulator of CD45 activity required for T cell immunity.
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15
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Elhassan RM, Hou X, Fang H. Recent advances in the development of allosteric protein tyrosine phosphatase inhibitors for drug discovery. Med Res Rev 2021; 42:1064-1110. [PMID: 34791703 DOI: 10.1002/med.21871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) superfamily catalyzes tyrosine de-phosphorylation which affects a myriad of cellular processes. Imbalance in signal pathways mediated by PTPs has been associated with development of many human diseases including cancer, metabolic, and immunological diseases. Several compelling evidence suggest that many members of PTP family are novel therapeutic targets. However, the clinical development of conventional PTP-based active-site inhibitors originally was hampered by the poor selectivity and pharmacokinetic properties. In this regard, PTPs has been widely dismissed as "undruggable." Nonetheless, allosteric modulation has become increasingly an influential and alternative approach that can be exploited for drug development against PTPs. Unlike active-site inhibitors, allosteric inhibitors exhibit a remarkable target-selectivity, drug-likeness, potency, and in vivo activity. Intriguingly, there has been a high interest in novel allosteric PTPs inhibitors within the last years. In this review, we focus on the recent advances of allosteric inhibitors that have been explored in drug discovery and have shown an excellent result in the development of PTPs-based therapeutics. A special emphasis is placed on the structure-activity relationship and molecular mechanistic studies illustrating applications in chemical biology and medicinal chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reham M Elhassan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Natural Products (MOE), School of Pharmacy, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xuben Hou
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Natural Products (MOE), School of Pharmacy, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Hao Fang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Natural Products (MOE), School of Pharmacy, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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16
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Wilson CS, Stocks BT, Hoopes EM, Rhoads JP, McNew KL, Major AS, Moore DJ. Metabolic preconditioning in CD4+ T cells restores inducible immune tolerance in lupus-prone mice. JCI Insight 2021; 6:e143245. [PMID: 34403367 PMCID: PMC8525586 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.143245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune disease has presented an insurmountable barrier to restoration of durable immune tolerance. Previous studies indicate that chronic therapy with metabolic inhibitors can reduce autoimmune inflammation, but it remains unknown whether acute metabolic modulation enables permanent immune tolerance to be established. In an animal model of lupus, we determined that targeting glucose metabolism with 2-deoxyglucose (2DG) and mitochondrial metabolism with metformin enables endogenous immune tolerance mechanisms to respond to tolerance induction. A 2-week course of 2DG and metformin, when combined with tolerance-inducing therapy anti-CD45RB, prevented renal deposition of autoantibodies for 6 months after initial treatment and restored tolerance induction to allografts in lupus-prone mice. The restoration of durable immune tolerance was linked to changes in T cell surface glycosylation patterns, illustrating a role for glycoregulation in immune tolerance. These findings indicate that metabolic therapy may be applied as a powerful preconditioning to reinvigorate tolerance mechanisms in autoimmune and transplant settings that resist current immune therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Blair T Stocks
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology; and
| | - Emilee M Hoopes
- Ian Burr Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics
| | | | - Kelsey L McNew
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology; and
| | - Amy S Major
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology; and.,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Daniel J Moore
- Ian Burr Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics.,Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology; and
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17
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Al Barashdi MA, Ali A, McMullin MF, Mills K. Protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type C (PTPRC or CD45). J Clin Pathol 2021; 74:548-552. [PMID: 34039664 PMCID: PMC8380896 DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2020-206927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The leucocyte common antigen, protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type C (PTPRC), also known as CD45, is a transmembrane glycoprotein, expressed on almost all haematopoietic cells except for mature erythrocytes, and is an essential regulator of T and B cell antigen receptor-mediated activation. Disruption of the equilibrium between protein tyrosine kinase and phosphatase activity (from CD45 and others) can result in immunodeficiency, autoimmunity, or malignancy. CD45 is normally present on the cell surface, therefore it works upstream of a large signalling network which differs between cell types, and thus the effects of CD45 on these cells are also different. However, it is becoming clear that CD45 plays an essential role in the innate immune system and this is likely to be a key area for future research. In this review of PTPRC (CD45), its structure and biological activities as well as abnormal expression of CD45 in leukaemia and lymphoma will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ahlam Ali
- Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research (PGJCCR), Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | | | - Ken Mills
- Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research (PGJCCR), Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
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18
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Li H, Wang C, Li X, Kong Y, Sun W. A20 deficiency in myeloid cells deteriorates the onset of vitiligo in mice. Dermatol Ther 2021; 34:e14923. [PMID: 33651436 DOI: 10.1111/dth.14923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Melanocyte-specific CD8+ T cells enrichment correlates with the severity of vitiligo, and the role of A20 derived from myeloid cells in the enrichment of pathogenic T cells is unknown. Premelanosome (PMEL)-specific transgenic CD8+ T cells were adoptive transferred into Krt14-Kitl* mice to construct the vitiligo model, which was further mated with A20MKO mice and IKK2fl/fl mice. Bone marrow cells were stimulated with 30% L929 cell-conditioned medium, Fc-human tumor necrosis factor, and lipopolysaccharides to induce bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs). The relative expression of CCL2, CCL5, and IL12A was detected with real-time PCR, and nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) related molecules were detected with Western blots. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) was utilized to assay the percent of innate and adaptive immune cells in the spleen and bone marrow, and CD45+ T in the skin. Down-regulated A20 was detected in the skin biopsies of vitiligo patients. A20 deficiency did not affect the development of T cells, B cells, macrophages, and neutrophils. A20 negatively regulated the induction of proinflammatory chemokines (CCL2, CCL5, and IL12A) and NFκB-related molecule expression in BMDMs, which could be blocked by NFκB knockout. It further revealed that A20 negatively regulated the onset of vitiligo in mice with diminished CD45+ cells enrichment, which could also be reversed by NFκB knockout. A20 deficiency in myeloid cells could deteriorate the onset of vitiligo in mice, and A20 can be considered as a treatment target.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Li
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Huaian No. 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu, China
| | - Congpin Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Eye Ear Nose & Throat Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoqing Li
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Huaian No. 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yinghui Kong
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Huaian No. 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weiguo Sun
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Huaian No. 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu, China
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19
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Castro-Sanchez P, Teagle AR, Prade S, Zamoyska R. Modulation of TCR Signaling by Tyrosine Phosphatases: From Autoimmunity to Immunotherapy. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:608747. [PMID: 33425916 PMCID: PMC7793860 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.608747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Early TCR signaling is dependent on rapid phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of multiple signaling and adaptor proteins, leading to T cell activation. This process is tightly regulated by an intricate web of interactions between kinases and phosphatases. A number of tyrosine phosphatases have been shown to modulate T cell responses and thus alter T cell fate by negatively regulating early TCR signaling. Mutations in some of these enzymes are associated with enhanced predisposition to autoimmunity in humans, and mouse models deficient in orthologous genes often show T cell hyper-activation. Therefore, phosphatases are emerging as potential targets in situations where it is desirable to enhance T cell responses, such as immune responses to tumors. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge about tyrosine phosphatases that regulate early TCR signaling and discuss their involvement in autoimmunity and their potential as targets for tumor immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Castro-Sanchez
- Ashworth Laboratories, Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Alexandra R Teagle
- Ashworth Laboratories, Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Sonja Prade
- Ashworth Laboratories, Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Rose Zamoyska
- Ashworth Laboratories, Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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20
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Zhang T, Dong Z, Cai H, Rong J, Su Z. Estradiol regulates the expression of CD45 splicing isoforms in lymphocytes. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:3025-3030. [PMID: 32170460 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05373-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
CD45, a common leukocyte antigen expressed on the surface of all nucleated hematopoietic cells, indicates the developmental stage and functional status of lymphocytes by its alternative splicing isoforms. Estrogen is correlated with the immune activity of lymphocytes and is involved in the sex bias of several human autoimmune diseases, but the effect of estrogen on the expression of the CD45 splicing isoforms remains unknown. In the present study, a potential estrogen response element was identified on the opposite strand of the CD45 gene by bioinformatics software prediction. The results from RT-qPCR results showed that the expression levels of CD45RO isoform and CD45 antisense RNA were increased after the lymphocytes were treated with 10 nM 17beta-estradiol, and this effect of 17beta-estradiol was reversed when the lymphocytes were cotreated with an estrogen receptor antagonist. Moreover, bisulfite sequencing PCR showed that CD45 DNA methylation in lymphocytes was increased after the treatment with 10 nM 17beta-estradiol. In conclusion, estradiol regulated the expression of CD45 in an estrogen receptor-dependent manner and was associated with CD45 antisense RNA and DNA methylation. The results helped elucidate the regulatory mechanism of the expression of CD45 isoforms and the correlation between estrogen levels and immune activity in females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianwei Zhang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xinling Road, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhaoxia Dong
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xinling Road, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Haitao Cai
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xinling Road, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Ju Rong
- Department of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhongjing Su
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xinling Road, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China.
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21
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Biological Reactions to Metal Particles and Ions in the Synovial Layer of Mice. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13051044. [PMID: 32110869 PMCID: PMC7084385 DOI: 10.3390/ma13051044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Metal particles and ions released from implants not only have a fundamental effect on the longevity of total joint replacements, but can also be disseminated to remote organs. Periprosthetic tissues harvested during revision surgeries mainly reflect end-stage failure but may not adequately reveal initial biological reactions and systemic side effects. Therefore, primary reactions caused by metal particles and ions were investigated in an established murine model. Left knee joints in three groups, each consisting of ten female BALB/c mice, received injections of metal ions (MI), metal particles (MP) and phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) (control). Seven days after the injection, immunohistochemical analyses of the synovial layer were performed with respect to some biological markers including Tumor necrosis factor -α (TNF-α), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), Interleukin-1β (IL-1β), Cluster of Differentiation 45 (CD45), Cluster of Differentiation 68 (CD68) and Cluster of Differentiation 3(CD3). The MP group showed significantly enhanced proinflammatory cytokine expression (TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β) compared with the other groups (p < 0.05). Interestingly, CD3, as a marker for T lymphocytes, did not increase in any of the groups. The MI group showed a significantly increased expression of CD45 compared with the control group (p < 0.05). Therefore, during the primary process, metal particles have stronger pro-inflammatory potential than metal ions, and T lymphocytes did not seem to be activated in our murine model. Systemic reactions caused by metal particles and ions were found by observing the untreated right knees.
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22
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Silva SL, Fonseca M, Pereira MLM, Silva SP, Barbosa RR, Serra-Caetano A, Blanco E, Rosmaninho P, Pérez-Andrés M, Sousa AB, Raposo AASF, Gama-Carvalho M, Victorino RMM, Hammarstrom L, Sousa AE. Monozygotic Twins Concordant for Common Variable Immunodeficiency: Strikingly Similar Clinical and Immune Profile Associated With a Polygenic Burden. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2503. [PMID: 31824477 PMCID: PMC6882918 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Monozygotic twins provide a unique opportunity to better understand complex genetic diseases and the relative contribution of heritable factors in shaping the immune system throughout life. Common Variable Immunodeficiency Disorders (CVID) are primary antibody defects displaying wide phenotypic and genetic heterogeneity, with monogenic transmission accounting for only a minority of the cases. Here, we report a pair of monozygotic twins concordant for CVID without a family history of primary immunodeficiency. They featured a remarkably similar profile of clinical manifestations and immunological alterations at diagnosis (established at age 37) and along the subsequent 15 years of follow-up. Interestingly, whole-exome sequencing failed to identify a monogenic cause for CVID, but unraveled a combination of heterozygous variants, with a predicted deleterious impact. These variants were found in genes involved in relevant immunological pathways, such as JUN, PTPRC, TLR1, ICAM1, and JAK3. The potential for combinatorial effects translating into the observed disease phenotype is inferred from their roles in immune pathways, namely in T and B cell activation. The combination of these genetic variants is also likely to impose a significant constraint on environmental influences, resulting in a similar immunological phenotype in both twins, despite exposure to different living conditions. Overall, these cases stress the importance of integrating NGS data with clinical and immunological phenotypes at the single-cell level, as provided by multi-dimensional flow-cytometry, in order to understand the complex genetic landscape underlying the vast majority of patients with CVID, as well as those with other immunodeficiencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana L Silva
- Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,Centro de Imunodeficiências Primárias, Centro Académico de Medicina de Lisboa, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte and Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa and Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Lisbon, Portugal.,Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Hospital de Santa Maria, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Mariana Fonseca
- Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,Centro de Imunodeficiências Primárias, Centro Académico de Medicina de Lisboa, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte and Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa and Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Marcelo L M Pereira
- Faculty of Sciences, BioISI-Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, University of Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Sara P Silva
- Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,Centro de Imunodeficiências Primárias, Centro Académico de Medicina de Lisboa, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte and Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa and Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Lisbon, Portugal.,Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Hospital de Santa Maria, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Rita R Barbosa
- Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana Serra-Caetano
- Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,Centro de Imunodeficiências Primárias, Centro Académico de Medicina de Lisboa, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte and Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa and Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Elena Blanco
- Department of Medicine, Cancer Research Centre (IBMCC, USAL-CSIC), Cytometry Service (NUCLEUS), Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), University of Salamanca (USAL), Salamanca, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Centre on Cancer-CIBER-CIBERONC, Number CB16/12/00400, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pedro Rosmaninho
- Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,Centro de Imunodeficiências Primárias, Centro Académico de Medicina de Lisboa, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte and Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa and Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Martin Pérez-Andrés
- Department of Medicine, Cancer Research Centre (IBMCC, USAL-CSIC), Cytometry Service (NUCLEUS), Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), University of Salamanca (USAL), Salamanca, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Centre on Cancer-CIBER-CIBERONC, Number CB16/12/00400, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Berta Sousa
- Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,Centro de Imunodeficiências Primárias, Centro Académico de Medicina de Lisboa, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte and Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa and Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Lisbon, Portugal.,Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Hospital de Santa Maria, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Alexandre A S F Raposo
- Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,Centro de Imunodeficiências Primárias, Centro Académico de Medicina de Lisboa, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte and Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa and Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Margarida Gama-Carvalho
- Faculty of Sciences, BioISI-Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, University of Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Rui M M Victorino
- Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,Centro de Imunodeficiências Primárias, Centro Académico de Medicina de Lisboa, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte and Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa and Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Lisbon, Portugal.,Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Hospital de Santa Maria, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - Ana E Sousa
- Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,Centro de Imunodeficiências Primárias, Centro Académico de Medicina de Lisboa, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte and Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa and Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Lisbon, Portugal
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24
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Liu Z, Li M, Fang X, Shen L, Yao W, Fang Z, Chen J, Feng X, Hu L, Zeng Z, Lin C, Weng J, Lai Y, Yi G. Identification of surrogate prognostic biomarkers for allergic asthma in nasal epithelial brushing samples by WGCNA. J Cell Biochem 2018; 120:5137-5150. [PMID: 30304558 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allergic asthma is a lower respiratory tract disease of Th2 inflammation with multiple molecular mechanisms. The upper and lower airways can be unified by the concept of a united airway and, as such, gene expression studies of upper epithelial cells may provide effective surrogate biomarkers for the prognostic study of allergic asthma. OBJECTIVE To identify surrogate biomarkers in upper airway epithelial cells for the prognostic study of allergic asthma. METHODS Nasal epithelial cell gene expression in 40 asthmatic and 17 healthy control subjects were analyzed by weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) to identify gene network modules and profiles in allergic asthma. Functional enrichment analysis was performed on the coexpression genes in certain highlighted modules. RESULTS A total of 13 coexpression modules were constructed by WGCNA from 2804 genes in nasal epithelial brushing samples of the 40 asthmatic and 17 healthy subjects. The number of genes in these modules ranged from 1086 (Turquoise module) to 45 (Salmon). Eight coexpression modules were found to be significantly correlated (P < 0.05) with two clinic traits, namely disease status, and severity. Four modules were positively correlated ( P < 0.05) with the traits and these, therefore, contained genes that are mostly overexpressed in asthma. Contrastingly, the four other modules were found to be negatively correlated with the clinic traits. Functional enrichment analysis of the positively correlated modules showed that one (Magenta) was mainly enriched in mast cell activation and degranulation; another (Pink) was largely involved in immune cell response; the third (Yellow) was predominantly enriched in transmembrane signal pathways; and the last (Blue) was mainly enriched in substructure components of the cells. The hub genes in the modules were KIT, KITLG, GATA2, CD44, PTPRC, and CFTR, and these were confirmed as having significantly higher expression in the nasal epithelial cells. Combining the six hub genes enabled a relatively high capacity for discrimination between asthmatics and healthy subjects with an area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of 0.924. CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide a framework of coexpression gene modules from nasal epithelial brushing samples that could be used for the prognostic study of allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyu Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Center Laboratory, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Center Laboratory, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiangming Fang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lu Shen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenxia Yao
- Department of Center Laboratory, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiyuan Fang
- Department of Center Laboratory, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jitao Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Center Laboratory, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao Feng
- Department of Center Laboratory, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - La Hu
- Department of Center Laboratory, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zicheng Zeng
- Department of Center Laboratory, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunyi Lin
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinsheng Weng
- Department of Center Laboratory, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuxiong Lai
- Department of Center Laboratory, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gao Yi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Center Laboratory, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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25
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Li S, Shen D, Guo X, Liao C, Tang Y. Construction, Expression, and Characterization of a Novel Human-Mouse Chimeric Antibody, Hm3A4: A Potential Therapeutic Agent for B and Myeloid Lineage Leukemias. DNA Cell Biol 2018; 37:778-785. [PMID: 30096000 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2018.4199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibody-targeting therapy has drawn great interests to the hematologists and oncologists. 3A4, a novel antibody recognizing human CD45RA antigen, is a new target molecule for leukemias and holds a therapeutic potential for myeloid lineage leukemias. However, murine antibodies cannot be safely used in patients because of their strong immune reaction, humanization of the antibodies interested will be an important development step for therapeutic purpose. The aim of this study was to engineer the mouse 3A4 and to investigate the biological activity of its chimeric form. The humanized antibody composed of the 3A4 single-chain fragment of variable region and the human IgG1 Fc region, which was named human-mouse chimeric antibody 3A4 (Hm3A4). The function and biological activities of Hm3A4 were characterized using a variety of biological approaches. The results showed that Hm3A4 retained a strong binding activity to its antigen and could significantly block the binding of parental 3A4 to the antigen. In vitro experiments revealed that Hm3A4 could kill the target cells through complement-dependent cytotoxicity and antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity function. In vivo, Hm3A4 showed efficient antileukemia activity outperforming the nontreated mice. In conclusion, the chimeric antibody has an excellent biological activity after humanization and holds targeting therapeutic potential for myeloid leukemia, which warrants further development of this agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sisi Li
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine , Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Diying Shen
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine , Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoping Guo
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine , Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Chan Liao
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine , Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongmin Tang
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine , Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
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26
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Ren X, Deng R, Zhang K, Sun Y, Teng X, Li J. SpliceRCA: in Situ Single-Cell Analysis of mRNA Splicing Variants. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2018; 4:680-687. [PMID: 29974063 PMCID: PMC6026782 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.8b00081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Immune cell heterogeneity due to the differential expression of RNA splicing variants still remains unexplored. This is mainly because single-cell imaging technologies of splicing variants with precise sequence or base resolution are now not readily available. Herein, we design a splice-junction anchored padlock-probe-mediated rolling circle amplification assay (SpliceRCA) for single-cell imaging of splice isoforms of essential regulatory immune gene (CD45) upon T-cell activation. Two recognition regions in the padlock probe can target the splice-junction sequence, resulting in a close proximity for triggering in situ one-target-one-amplicon amplification. With the read length of ∼30 nucleotides, this method allows discrimination of isoforms with single-base precision and quantification of isoforms with single-molecule resolution. We applied SpliceRCA to single-cell image splice variants of essential regulatory immune gene (CD45) upon T-cell activation. It is found that CD45RO isoform presents a distal nuclear spatial distribution and is coregulated with CD45RB upon activation. Our strategy provides a single-cell analysis platform to investigate the mechanism of complex immune responses and may further guide immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Ren
- Department
of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry &
Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing
Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Ruijie Deng
- Department
of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry &
Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Kaixiang Zhang
- Department
of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry &
Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yupeng Sun
- Department
of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry &
Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xucong Teng
- Department
of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry &
Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jinghong Li
- Department
of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry &
Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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27
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Iżykowska K, Przybylski GK, Gand C, Braun FC, Grabarczyk P, Kuss AW, Olek-Hrab K, Bastidas Torres AN, Vermeer MH, Zoutman WH, Tensen CP, Schmidt CA. Genetic rearrangements result in altered gene expression and novel fusion transcripts in Sézary syndrome. Oncotarget 2018; 8:39627-39639. [PMID: 28489605 PMCID: PMC5503638 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Sézary syndrome (SS) is an aggressive, leukemic cutaneous T-cell lymphoma variant. Molecular pathogenesis of SS is still unclear despite many studies on genetic alterations, gene expression and epigenetic regulations. Through whole genome and transcriptome next generation sequencing nine Sézary syndrome patients were analyzed in terms of copy number variations and rearrangements affecting gene expression. Recurrent copy number variations were detected within 8q (MYC, TOX), 17p (TP53, NCOR1), 10q (PTEN, FAS), 2p (DNMT3A), 11q (USP28), 9p (CAAP1), but no recurrent rearrangements were identified. However, expression of five genes involved in rearrangements (TMEM244, EHD1, MTMR2, RNF123 and TOX) was altered in all patients. Fifteen rearrangements detected in Sézary syndrome patients and SeAx resulted in an expression of new fusion transcripts, nine of them were in frame (EHD1-CAPN12, TMEM66-BAIAP2, MBD4-PTPRC, PTPRC-CPN2, MYB-MBNL1, TFG-GPR128, MAP4K3-FIGLA, DCP1A-CCL27, MBNL1-KIAA2018) and five resulted in ectopic expression of fragments of genes not expressed in normal T-cells (BAIAP2, CPN2, GPR128, CAPN12, FIGLA). Our results not only underscored the genomic complexity of the Sézary cancer cell genome but also showed an unpreceded large variety of novel gene rearrangements resulting in fusions transcripts and ectopically expressed genes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Claudia Gand
- Clinic for Internal Medicine C, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Floriane C Braun
- Clinic for Internal Medicine C, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Piotr Grabarczyk
- Clinic for Internal Medicine C, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Andreas W Kuss
- Department of Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Karolina Olek-Hrab
- Department of Dermatology, Karol Marcinkowski University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | | | - Maarten H Vermeer
- Department of Dermatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Willem H Zoutman
- Department of Dermatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelis P Tensen
- Department of Dermatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Christian A Schmidt
- Clinic for Internal Medicine C, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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28
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Targeting Receptor-Type Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases with Biotherapeutics: Is Outside-in Better than Inside-Out? Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23030569. [PMID: 29498714 PMCID: PMC6017057 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23030569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs), of the receptor and non-receptor classes, are key signaling molecules that play critical roles in cellular regulation underlying diverse physiological events. Aberrant signaling as a result of genetic mutation or altered expression levels has been associated with several diseases and treatment via pharmacological intervention at the level of PTPs has been widely explored; however, the challenges associated with development of small molecule phosphatase inhibitors targeting the intracellular phosphatase domain (the “inside-out” approach) have been well documented and as yet there are no clinically approved drugs targeting these enzymes. The alternative approach of targeting receptor PTPs with biotherapeutic agents (such as monoclonal antibodies or engineered fusion proteins; the “outside-in” approach) that interact with the extracellular ectodomain offers many advantages, and there have been a number of exciting recent developments in this field. Here we provide a brief overview of the receptor PTP family and an update on the emerging area of receptor PTP-targeted biotherapeutics for CD148, vascular endothelial-protein tyrosine phosphatase (VE-PTP), receptor-type PTPs σ, γ, ζ (RPTPσ, RPTPγ, RPTPζ) and CD45, and discussion of future potential in this area.
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29
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CD45 in human physiology and clinical medicine. Immunol Lett 2018; 196:22-32. [PMID: 29366662 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2018.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Revised: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
CD45 is an evolutionary highly conserved receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase exclusively expressed on all nucleated cells of the hematopoietic system. It is characterized by the expression of several isoforms, specific to a certain cell type and the developmental or activation status of the cell. CD45 is one of the key players in the initiation of T cell receptor signaling by controlling the activation of the Src family protein-tyrosine kinases Lck and Fyn. CD45 deficiency results in T- and B-lymphocyte dysfunction in the form of severe combined immune deficiency. It also plays a significant role in autoimmune diseases and cancer as well as in infectious diseases including fungal infections. The knowledge collected on CD45 biology is rather vast, but it remains unclear whether all findings in rodent immune cells also apply to human CD45. This review focuses on human CD45 expression and function and provides an overview on its ligands and role in human pathology.
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30
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Mezni I, Galichon P, Mongi Bacha M, Xu-Dubois YC, Sfar I, Buob D, Benbouzid S, Goucha R, Gorgi Y, Abderrahim E, Ounissi M, Dahan K, Ouali N, Hertig A, Brocheriou I, Raies A, Ben Abdallah T, Rondeau É. Urinary mRNA analysis of biomarkers to epithelial mesenchymal transition of renal allograft. Nephrol Ther 2018; 14:153-161. [PMID: 29325696 DOI: 10.1016/j.nephro.2017.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Revised: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Renal allograft loss is most often a chronic process, irrespective of the mechanism at stake. In this prospective study, we studied the expression of epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers vimentin and β-catenin by immunohistochemistry in the surveillance biopsy and measured the mRNA encoding vimentin (VIM), CD45, GAPDH and uroplakin 1a (UPK) by quantitative PCR in urinary cells in 75 renal transplant patients. The aim is to establish a simple screening test for chronic renal allograft dysfunction. We found that the value of the mRNA of vimentin and CD45 relative to the uroplakin 1a (UPK) mRNA is correlated with the score in vimentin immunostaining in routine biopsies. These biomarkers could be used as a noninvasive tool to monitor the renal graft fibrogenesis. This test could be used for early detection of fibrotic diseases of the kidney transplant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imen Mezni
- Sorbonne universités, université Pierre-et-Marie-Curie, 4, place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France; Inserm UMR_S1155, hôpital Tenon, 4, rue de la Chine, 75020 Paris, France; Laboratoire de recherche d'immunologie de la transplantation rénale et d'immunopathologie (LR03SP01), EPS Charles-Nicolle, boulevard du 9-Avril-1938, 1006 Tunis, Tunisia.
| | - Pierre Galichon
- Sorbonne universités, université Pierre-et-Marie-Curie, 4, place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France; Inserm UMR_S1155, hôpital Tenon, 4, rue de la Chine, 75020 Paris, France; Urgences néphrologiques et transplantation rénale, hôpital Tenon, 4, rue de la Chine, 75020 Paris, France
| | - Mohammed Mongi Bacha
- Laboratoire de recherche d'immunologie de la transplantation rénale et d'immunopathologie (LR03SP01), EPS Charles-Nicolle, boulevard du 9-Avril-1938, 1006 Tunis, Tunisia; Service de médecine interne A, EPS Charles-Nicolle, boulevard du 9-Avril-1938, 1006 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Yi-Chun Xu-Dubois
- Inserm UMR_S1155, hôpital Tenon, 4, rue de la Chine, 75020 Paris, France; Service de santé publique, hôpital Tenon, 4, rue de la Chine, 75020 Paris, France
| | - Imen Sfar
- Laboratoire de recherche d'immunologie de la transplantation rénale et d'immunopathologie (LR03SP01), EPS Charles-Nicolle, boulevard du 9-Avril-1938, 1006 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - David Buob
- Sorbonne universités, université Pierre-et-Marie-Curie, 4, place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France; Inserm UMR_S1155, hôpital Tenon, 4, rue de la Chine, 75020 Paris, France; Service d'anatomie pathologique, hôpital Tenon, 4, rue de la Chine, 75020 Paris, France
| | - Sabrina Benbouzid
- Service d'urologie, hôpital Tenon, 4, rue de la Chine, 75020 Paris, France
| | - Rim Goucha
- Laboratoire de recherche d'immunologie de la transplantation rénale et d'immunopathologie (LR03SP01), EPS Charles-Nicolle, boulevard du 9-Avril-1938, 1006 Tunis, Tunisia; Service de médecine interne A, EPS Charles-Nicolle, boulevard du 9-Avril-1938, 1006 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Yousr Gorgi
- Laboratoire de recherche d'immunologie de la transplantation rénale et d'immunopathologie (LR03SP01), EPS Charles-Nicolle, boulevard du 9-Avril-1938, 1006 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Ezzedine Abderrahim
- Service de médecine interne A, EPS Charles-Nicolle, boulevard du 9-Avril-1938, 1006 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Mondher Ounissi
- Service de médecine interne A, EPS Charles-Nicolle, boulevard du 9-Avril-1938, 1006 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Karine Dahan
- Service de néphrologie et dialyses, hôpital Tenon, 4, rue de la Chine, 75020 Paris, France
| | - Nacera Ouali
- Urgences néphrologiques et transplantation rénale, hôpital Tenon, 4, rue de la Chine, 75020 Paris, France
| | - Alexandre Hertig
- Sorbonne universités, université Pierre-et-Marie-Curie, 4, place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France; Inserm UMR_S1155, hôpital Tenon, 4, rue de la Chine, 75020 Paris, France; Urgences néphrologiques et transplantation rénale, hôpital Tenon, 4, rue de la Chine, 75020 Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Brocheriou
- Sorbonne universités, université Pierre-et-Marie-Curie, 4, place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France; Inserm UMR_S1155, hôpital Tenon, 4, rue de la Chine, 75020 Paris, France; Service d'anatomie pathologique, hôpital Tenon, 4, rue de la Chine, 75020 Paris, France
| | - Aly Raies
- Laboratoire des microorganismes et biomolécules actives, faculté des sciences de Tunis, université de Tunis El-Manar, 20, rue de Tolède, 2092 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Taieb Ben Abdallah
- Laboratoire de recherche d'immunologie de la transplantation rénale et d'immunopathologie (LR03SP01), EPS Charles-Nicolle, boulevard du 9-Avril-1938, 1006 Tunis, Tunisia; Service de médecine interne A, EPS Charles-Nicolle, boulevard du 9-Avril-1938, 1006 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Éric Rondeau
- Sorbonne universités, université Pierre-et-Marie-Curie, 4, place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France; Inserm UMR_S1155, hôpital Tenon, 4, rue de la Chine, 75020 Paris, France; Urgences néphrologiques et transplantation rénale, hôpital Tenon, 4, rue de la Chine, 75020 Paris, France
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31
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Nguyen TA, Kahn DA, Loewendorf AI. Maternal-Fetal rejection reactions are unconstrained in preeclamptic women. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0188250. [PMID: 29176779 PMCID: PMC5703473 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0188250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The risk factors for preeclampsia, extremes of maternal age, changing paternity, concomitant maternal autoimmunity, and/or birth intervals greater than 5 years, suggest an underlying immunopathology. We used peripheral blood and lymphocytes from the UteroPlacental Interface (UPI) of 3rd trimester healthy pregnant women in multicolor flow cytometry-and in vitro suppression assays. The major end-point was the characterization of activation markers, and potential effector functions of different CD4-and CD8 subsets as well as T regulatory cells (Treg). We observed a significant shift of peripheral CD4 -and CD8- T cells from naïve to memory phenotype in preeclamptic women compared to healthy pregnant women consistent with long-standing immune activation. While the proportions of the highly suppressive Cytokine and Activated Treg were increased in preeclampsia, Treg tolerance toward fetal antigens was dysfunctional. Thus, our observations indicate a long-standing inflammatory derangement driving immune activation in preeclampsia; in how far the Treg dysfunction is caused by/causes this immune activation in preeclampsia will be the object of future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina A. Nguyen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Daniel A. Kahn
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Andrea I. Loewendorf
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
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32
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Logan CM, Bowen CJ, Menko AS. Induction of Immune Surveillance of the Dysmorphogenic Lens. Sci Rep 2017; 7:16235. [PMID: 29176738 PMCID: PMC5701161 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-16456-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The lens has been considered to be an immune privileged site not susceptible to the immune processes normally associated with tissue injury and wound repair. However, as greater insight into the immune surveillance process is gained, we have reevaluated the concept of immune privilege. Our studies using an N-cadherin lens-specific conditional knockout mouse, N-cadΔlens, show that loss of this cell-cell junctional protein leads to lens degeneration, necrosis and fibrotic change, postnatally. The degeneration of this tissue induces an immune response resulting in immune cells populating the lens that contribute to the development of fibrosis. Additionally, we demonstrate that the lens is connected to the lymphatic system, with LYVE(+) labeling reaching the lens along the suspensory ligaments that connect the lens to the ciliary body, providing a potential mechanism for the immune circulation. Importantly, we observe that degeneration of the lens activates an immune response throughout the eye, including cornea, vitreous humor, and retina, suggesting a coordinated protective response in the visual system to defects of a component tissue. These studies demonstrate that lens degeneration induces an immune response that can contribute to the fibrosis that often accompanies lens dysgenesis, a consideration for understanding organ system response to injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin M Logan
- Thomas Jefferson University, Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19107, United States
| | - Caitlin J Bowen
- Thomas Jefferson University, Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19107, United States
| | - A Sue Menko
- Thomas Jefferson University, Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19107, United States.
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33
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Sarhadi S, Sadeghi S, Nikmanesh F, Pilehvar Soltanahmadi Y, Shahabi A, Fekri Aval S, Zarghami N. A Systems Biology Approach Provides Deeper Insights into Differentially Expressed Genes in Taxane-Anthracycline Chemoresistant and Non-Resistant Breast Cancers. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2017; 18:2629-2636. [PMID: 29072056 PMCID: PMC5747381 DOI: 10.22034/apjcp.2017.18.10.2629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To date, numerous studies have been conducted to search for reasons for chemoresistance and
differences in survival rates of patients receiving chemotherapy. We have sought to identify differentially expressed
genes (DEGs) between predicted chemotherapy resistance and sensitive phenotypes by a network as well as gene
enrichment approach. Methods: Functional modules were explored with network analysis of DEGs in predicted
neoadjuvant taxane-anthracycline resistance versus sensitive cases in the GSE25066 dataset, including 508 samples. A
linear model was created by limma package in R to establish DEGs. Results: A gene set related to phagocytic vesicle
membrane was found to be up-regulated in chemoresistance samples. Also, we found GO_CYTOKINE_ACTIVITY
and GO_GROWTH_FACTOR BINDING to be up-regulated gene sets with the chemoresistance phenotype. Growth
factors and cytokines are two groups of agents that induce the immune system to recruit APCs and promote tolerogenic
phagocytosis. Some hub nodes like S100A8 were found to be important in the chemoresistant tumor cell network with
associated high rank genes in GSEA. Conclusions: Functional gene sets and hub nodes could be considered as potential
treatment targets. Moreover, by screening and enrichment analysis of a chemoresistance network, ligands and chemical
agents have been found that could modify significant gene sets like the phagocytic vesicle membrane functional gene
set as a key to chemoresistance. They could also impact on down- or up-regulated hub nodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamim Sarhadi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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34
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Landskron J, Kraggerud SM, Wik E, Dørum A, Bjørnslett M, Melum E, Helland Ø, Bjørge L, Lothe RA, Salvesen HB, Taskén K. C77G in PTPRC (CD45) is no risk allele for ovarian cancer, but associated with less aggressive disease. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0182030. [PMID: 28759630 PMCID: PMC5536273 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0182030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The pan lymphocyte marker CD45 exists in various isoforms arising from alternative splicing of the exons 4, 5 and 6. While naïve T cells express CD45RA translated from an mRNA containing exon 4, exons 4–6 are spliced out to encode the shorter CD45R0 in antigen-experienced effector/memory T cells. The SNP C77G (rs17612648) is located in exon 4 and blocks the exon’s differential splicing from the pre-mRNA, enforcing expression of CD45RA. Several studies have linked C77G to autoimmune diseases but lack of validation in other cohorts has left its role elusive. An incidental finding in an ovarian cancer patient cohort from West Norway (Bergen region, n = 312), suggested that the frequency of C77G was higher among ovarian cancer patients than in healthy Norwegians (n = 1,357) (3.0% vs. 1.8% allele frequency). However, this finding could not be validated in a larger patient cohort from South-East Norway (Oslo region, n = 1,198) with 1.2% allele frequency. Hence, C77G is not associated with ovarian cancer in the Norwegian population. However, its frequency was increased in patients with FIGO stage II, endometrioid histology or an age at diagnosis of 60 years or older indicating a possible association with a less aggressive cancer type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Landskron
- Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway, Nordic EMBL Partnership, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sigrid M. Kraggerud
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Center for Cancer Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- K.G. Jebsen Colorectal Cancer Research Centre, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Elisabeth Wik
- Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers CCBIO, Department of Clinical Medicine, Section for Pathology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Anne Dørum
- Department of Gynaecologic Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Merete Bjørnslett
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Center for Cancer Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- K.G. Jebsen Colorectal Cancer Research Centre, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Espen Melum
- Norwegian PSC Research Centre, Department of Transplantation Medicine, Division of Surgery, Inflammatory Medicine and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital, The National Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- K.G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Øystein Helland
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Clinical Science, Centre for Cancer Biomarkers, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Line Bjørge
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Clinical Science, Centre for Cancer Biomarkers, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ragnhild A. Lothe
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Center for Cancer Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- K.G. Jebsen Colorectal Cancer Research Centre, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Helga B. Salvesen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Clinical Science, Centre for Cancer Biomarkers, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Kjetil Taskén
- Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway, Nordic EMBL Partnership, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- K.G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) establishes a latent infection that generally remains asymptomatic in immune-competent hosts for decades but can cause serious illness in immune-compromised individuals. The long-term control of CMV requires considerable effort from the host immune system and has a lasting impact on the profile of the immune system. One hallmark of CMV infection is the maintenance of large populations of CMV-specific memory CD8(+) T cells - a phenomenon termed memory inflation - and emerging data suggest that memory inflation is associated with impaired immunity in the elderly. In this Review, we discuss the molecular triggers that promote memory inflation, the idea that memory inflation could be considered a natural pathway of T cell maturation that could be harnessed in vaccination, and the broader implications of CMV infection and the T cell responses it elicits.
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Chang X. RNA-binding protein hnRNPLL as a critical regulator of lymphocyte homeostasis and differentiation. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-RNA 2016; 7:295-302. [PMID: 26821996 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
RNA-binding proteins orchestrate posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression, such as messenger RNA (mRNA) splicing, RNA stability regulation, and translation regulation. Heterogeneous nuclear RNA-binding proteins (hnRNPs) refer to a collection of unrelated RNA-binding proteins predominantly located in the nucleus (Han et al. Biochem J 2010, 430:379-392). Although canonical functions of hnRNPs are to promote pre-mRNA splicing, they are involved in all the processes of RNA metabolism through recognizing specific cis-elements on RNA (Dreyfuss et al. Annu Rev Biochem 1993, 62:289-321; Huelga et al. Cell Rep 2012, 1:167-178; Krecic and Swanson. Curr Opin Cell Biol 1999, 11:363-371). Heterogeneous nuclear RNA-binding protein L like (hnRNPLL) is a tissue-specific hnRNP, which was identified as a regulator of CD45RA to CD45RO switching during memory T-cell development (Oberdoerffer et al. Science 2008, 321:686-691; Topp et al. RNA 2008, 14:2038-2049; Wu et al. Immunity 2008, 29:863-875). Since then, hnRNPLL has emerged as a critical regulator of lymphocyte homeostasis and terminal differentiation, controlling alternative splicing or expression of critical genes for the lymphocytes development (Wu et al. Immunity 2008, 29:863-875; Chang et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2015, 112:E1888-E1897). This review will summarize recent advances in understanding the functions of hnRNPLL, focusing on its biochemical functions and physiological roles in lymphocyte differentiation and homeostasis. WIREs RNA 2016, 7:295-302. doi: 10.1002/wrna.1335 For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Chang
- La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
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37
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Abstract
The receptor-like tyrosine phosphatase CD45 regulates antigen receptor signaling by dephosphorylating the C-terminal inhibitory tyrosine of the src family kinases. However, despite its abundance, the function of the large, alternatively spliced extracellular domain of CD45 has remained elusive. We used normally spliced CD45 transgenes either incorporating a phosphatase-inactivating point mutation or lacking the cytoplasmic domain to uncouple the enzymatic and noncatalytic functions of CD45 in lymphocytes. Although these transgenes did not alter T-cell signaling or development irrespective of endogenous CD45 expression, both partially rescued the phenotype of CD45-deficient B cells. We identify a noncatalytic role for CD45 in regulating tonic, but not antigen-mediated, B-cell antigen receptor (BCR) signaling through modulation of the function of the inhibitory coreceptor CD22. This finding has important implications for understanding how naïve B cells maintain tonic BCR signaling while restraining inappropriate antigen-dependent activation to preserve clonal "ignorance."
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Overexpression of CD45RA isoforms in carriers of the C77G mutation leads to hyporeactivity of CD4+CD25highFoxp3+ regulatory T cells. Genes Immun 2015; 16:519-27. [PMID: 26355564 DOI: 10.1038/gene.2015.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Revised: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Disorders in regulatory T-cell (T(reg)) function can result in the breakdown of immunological self-tolerance. Thus, the identification of mechanisms controlling the activity of T(reg) is of great relevance. We used T(reg) from individuals carrying the C77G polymorphism as models to study the role of CD45 molecules in humans. C77G prevents splicing of CD45 exon A thereby leading to an aberrant expression pattern of CD45 isoforms in affected individuals. Resting and in vitro expanded/activated CD4(+)CD25(high)Foxp3(+) T(reg) from carriers of C77G strongly expressed CD45RA isoforms whereas these isoforms were almost absent in cells from individuals with wild-type CD45. C77G T(reg) showed diminished upregulation of activation markers, lower phosphorylation of p56(lck)(Y505) and a reduced proliferative potential when stimulated with anti-TcR or anti-TcR plus CD28 mAb suggesting decreased responsiveness to activating stimuli. In addition, the capacity to suppress proliferation of conventional CD4(+) T cells was impaired in C77G T(reg). Furthermore, microarray studies revealed distinct gene expression patterns in T(reg) from C77G carriers. These data suggest that the changes in CD45 isoform combination resulting from the C77G mutation alter the responsiveness of T(reg) to TcR-mediated signaling. Targeting CD45 isoform expression might be a useful approach to modulate T(reg) function.
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Viral interference with functions of the cellular receptor tyrosine phosphatase CD45. Viruses 2015; 7:1540-57. [PMID: 25807057 PMCID: PMC4379584 DOI: 10.3390/v7031540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Revised: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The receptor tyrosine phosphatase CD45 is expressed on the surface of almost all cells of hematopoietic origin. CD45 functions are central to the development of T cells and determine the threshold at which T and B lymphocytes can become activated. Given this pivotal role of CD45 in the immune system, it is probably not surprising that viruses interfere with the activity of CD45 in lymphocytes to dampen the immune response and that they also utilize this molecule to accomplish their replication cycle. Here we report what is known about the interaction of viral proteins with CD45. Moreover, we debate putative interactions of viruses with CD45 in myeloid cells and the resulting consequences-subjects that remain to be investigated. Finally, we summarize the evidence that pathogens were the driving force for the evolution of CD45.
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40
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Rong J, Yin J, Su Z. Natural antisense RNAs are involved in the regulation of CD45 expression in autoimmune diseases. Lupus 2015; 24:235-9. [PMID: 25381328 DOI: 10.1177/0961203314558856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
CD45 is a transmembrane protein tyrosine phosphatase that is specifically expressed in hematopoietic cells and can initiate signal transduction via the dephosphorylation of tyrosine. Alternatively spliced transcript variants of this gene encode distinct isoforms, which indicate different functional states of CD45. Among these variants, CD45RO, which contains neither exon 4, 5, or 6, is over-expressed in lymphocytes in autoimmune diseases, including systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, and type I diabetes. The CD45 RO serves as a marker of the immune response activity and lymphocyte development. Previous studies have indicated that exon splicing is generally correlated with local hypermethylated DNA and acetylated histone modification, while autoimmune diseases are commonly associated with global hypomethylation and histone deacetylation in lymphocytes. Thus, the question arises of how exons 4, 5, and 6 of CD45RO are excluded under the status of global DNA hypomethylation and histone deacetylation in these autoimmune diseases. On the basis of the analyses of the context sequence of CD45 and its natural antisense RNA in GenBank, we proposed that the long noncoding RNA encoded by the natural antisense gene of CD45 contributes to the expressional regulation of the CD45RO splicing variant via recruitment of DNA methyltransferase and histone modification modulators specific to the sense gene CD45; thus, it is associated with the over-expression of CD45RO and the functional regulation of lymphocytes in the pathogenic development of autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Rong
- Department of Rheumatology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Guangdong, China
| | - J Yin
- Department of Rheumatology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Guangdong, China
| | - Z Su
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou Guangdong, China
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41
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He RJ, Yu ZH, Zhang RY, Zhang ZY. Protein tyrosine phosphatases as potential therapeutic targets. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2014; 35:1227-46. [PMID: 25220640 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2014.80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 242] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2014] [Accepted: 07/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein tyrosine phosphorylation is a key regulatory process in virtually all aspects of cellular functions. Dysregulation of protein tyrosine phosphorylation is a major cause of human diseases, such as cancers, diabetes, autoimmune disorders, and neurological diseases. Indeed, protein tyrosine phosphorylation-mediated signaling events offer ample therapeutic targets, and drug discovery efforts to date have brought over two dozen kinase inhibitors to the clinic. Accordingly, protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) are considered next-generation drug targets. For instance, PTP1B is a well-known targets of type 2 diabetes and obesity, and recent studies indicate that it is also a promising target for breast cancer. SHP2 is a bona-fide oncoprotein, mutations of which cause juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia, acute myeloid leukemia, and solid tumors. In addition, LYP is strongly associated with type 1 diabetes and many other autoimmune diseases. This review summarizes recent findings on several highly recognized PTP family drug targets, including PTP1B, Src homology phosphotyrosyl phosphatase 2(SHP2), lymphoid-specific tyrosine phosphatase (LYP), CD45, Fas associated phosphatase-1 (FAP-1), striatal enriched tyrosine phosphatases (STEP), mitogen-activated protein kinase/dual-specificity phosphatase 1 (MKP-1), phosphatases of regenerating liver-1 (PRL), low molecular weight PTPs (LMWPTP), and CDC25. Given that there are over 100 family members, we hope this review will serve as a road map for innovative drug discovery targeting PTPs.
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Mouse ENU Mutagenesis to Understand Immunity to Infection: Methods, Selected Examples, and Perspectives. Genes (Basel) 2014; 5:887-925. [PMID: 25268389 PMCID: PMC4276919 DOI: 10.3390/genes5040887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Revised: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 08/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Infectious diseases are responsible for over 25% of deaths globally, but many more individuals are exposed to deadly pathogens. The outcome of infection results from a set of diverse factors including pathogen virulence factors, the environment, and the genetic make-up of the host. The completion of the human reference genome sequence in 2004 along with technological advances have tremendously accelerated and renovated the tools to study the genetic etiology of infectious diseases in humans and its best characterized mammalian model, the mouse. Advancements in mouse genomic resources have accelerated genome-wide functional approaches, such as gene-driven and phenotype-driven mutagenesis, bringing to the fore the use of mouse models that reproduce accurately many aspects of the pathogenesis of human infectious diseases. Treatment with the mutagen N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU) has become the most popular phenotype-driven approach. Our team and others have employed mouse ENU mutagenesis to identify host genes that directly impact susceptibility to pathogens of global significance. In this review, we first describe the strategies and tools used in mouse genetics to understand immunity to infection with special emphasis on chemical mutagenesis of the mouse germ-line together with current strategies to efficiently identify functional mutations using next generation sequencing. Then, we highlight illustrative examples of genes, proteins, and cellular signatures that have been revealed by ENU screens and have been shown to be involved in susceptibility or resistance to infectious diseases caused by parasites, bacteria, and viruses.
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43
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Chan CML, Au TCC, Chan ATC, Ma BBY, Tsui NBY, Ng SSM, Hui EP, Chan LWC, Ho WS, Yung BYM, Wong SCC. Advanced technologies for studying circulating tumor cells at the protein level. Expert Rev Proteomics 2014; 10:579-89. [PMID: 24206230 DOI: 10.1586/14789450.2013.858021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Metastasis is the main cause of cancer death. As the tumor progresses, cells from the primary tumor site are shed into the bloodstream as circulating tumor cells (CTCs). Eventually, these cells colonize other organs and form distant metastases. It is therefore imperative that we gain a better understanding of the biological characteristics of CTCs for development of novel treatment modalities to minimize metastasis-associated cancer deaths. In recent years, rapid developments in technologies for the study of CTCs have taken place. We now have a variety of tools for the isolation and examination of CTCs which were not available before. This review introduces some commonly used protein markers in CTC investigations and summarizes a few advanced technologies which have been successfully applied for studying CTC biology at the protein level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Ming Lok Chan
- Department of Clinical Oncology, State Key Laboratory in Oncology in South China, Sir Y K Pao Centre for Cancer, Hong Kong Cancer Institute and Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
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Engineering human peripheral blood stem cell grafts that are depleted of naïve T cells and retain functional pathogen-specific memory T cells. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2014; 20:705-16. [PMID: 24525279 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2014.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2013] [Accepted: 01/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is a frequent major complication of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). Approaches that selectively deplete T cells that cause GVHD from allogeneic stem cell grafts and preserve T cells specific for pathogens may improve HCT outcomes. It has been hypothesized that the majority of T cells that can cause GVHD reside within the naïve T cell (TN) subset, and previous studies performed in mouse models and with human cells in vitro support this hypothesis. As a prelude to translating these findings to the clinic, we developed and evaluated a novel 2-step clinically compliant procedure for manipulating peripheral blood stem cells (PBSC) to remove TN, preserve CD34(+) hematopoietic stem cells, and provide for a fixed dose of memory T cells (TM) that includes T cells with specificity for common opportunistic pathogens encountered after HCT. Our studies demonstrate effective and reproducible performance of the immunomagnetic cell selection procedure for depleting TN. Moreover, after cell processing, the CD45RA-depleted PBSC products are enriched for CD4(+) and CD8(+) TM with a central memory phenotype and contain TM cells that are capable of proliferating and producing effector cytokines in response to opportunistic pathogens.
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45
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Grzesiak J, Krzysztof M, Karol W, Joanna C. Isolation and morphological characterisation of ovine adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells in culture. Int J Stem Cells 2013; 4:99-104. [PMID: 24298341 DOI: 10.15283/ijsc.2011.4.2.99] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/03/2011] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES AD-MSCs (adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells), as an easy obtainable population of multipotent cells, have been successfully applied in many diseases in animals. Having very similar properties and morphology to these collected from bone marrow, are very attractive object for regenerative medicine. CONCLUSIONS Ovine subcutaneous fat from many regions of the body is rich source of stem cells, which could be used in locomotive system disorders experimental therapy on sheep models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Grzesiak
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
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46
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Caignard G, Leiva-Torres GA, Leney-Greene M, Charbonneau B, Dumaine A, Fodil-Cornu N, Pyzik M, Cingolani P, Schwartzentruber J, Dupaul-Chicoine J, Guo H, Saleh M, Veillette A, Lathrop M, Blanchette M, Majewski J, Pearson A, Vidal SM. Genome-wide mouse mutagenesis reveals CD45-mediated T cell function as critical in protective immunity to HSV-1. PLoS Pathog 2013; 9:e1003637. [PMID: 24068938 PMCID: PMC3771889 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1003637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2013] [Accepted: 07/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE) is a lethal neurological disease resulting from infection with Herpes Simplex Virus 1 (HSV-1). Loss-of-function mutations in the UNC93B1, TLR3, TRIF, TRAF3, and TBK1 genes have been associated with a human genetic predisposition to HSE, demonstrating the UNC93B-TLR3-type I IFN pathway as critical in protective immunity to HSV-1. However, the TLR3, UNC93B1, and TRIF mutations exhibit incomplete penetrance and represent only a minority of HSE cases, perhaps reflecting the effects of additional host genetic factors. In order to identify new host genes, proteins and signaling pathways involved in HSV-1 and HSE susceptibility, we have implemented the first genome-wide mutagenesis screen in an in vivo HSV-1 infectious model. One pedigree (named P43) segregated a susceptible trait with a fully penetrant phenotype. Genetic mapping and whole exome sequencing led to the identification of the causative nonsense mutation L3X in the Receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase C gene (Ptprc(L3X)), which encodes for the tyrosine phosphatase CD45. Expression of MCP1, IL-6, MMP3, MMP8, and the ICP4 viral gene were significantly increased in the brain stems of infected Ptprc(L3X) mice accounting for hyper-inflammation and pathological damages caused by viral replication. Ptprc(L3X) mutation drastically affects the early stages of thymocytes development but also the final stage of B cell maturation. Transfer of total splenocytes from heterozygous littermates into Ptprc(L3X) mice resulted in a complete HSV-1 protective effect. Furthermore, T cells were the only cell population to fully restore resistance to HSV-1 in the mutants, an effect that required both the CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cells and could be attributed to function of CD4⁺ T helper 1 (Th1) cells in CD8⁺ T cell recruitment to the site of infection. Altogether, these results revealed the CD45-mediated T cell function as potentially critical for infection and viral spread to the brain, and also for subsequent HSE development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grégory Caignard
- Departments of Human Genetics and Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Michael Leney-Greene
- Departments of Human Genetics and Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Benoit Charbonneau
- Departments of Human Genetics and Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Anne Dumaine
- Departments of Human Genetics and Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Nassima Fodil-Cornu
- Departments of Human Genetics and Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Michal Pyzik
- Departments of Human Genetics and Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Pablo Cingolani
- School of Computer Science and McGill Centre for Bioinformatics, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | | | - Huaijian Guo
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Clinical Research Institute of Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Maya Saleh
- Departments of Biochemistry and Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - André Veillette
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Clinical Research Institute of Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marc Lathrop
- McGill University and Genome Québec Innovation Centre, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mathieu Blanchette
- School of Computer Science and McGill Centre for Bioinformatics, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jacek Majewski
- McGill University and Genome Québec Innovation Centre, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Angela Pearson
- INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, Université du Québec, Laval, Quebec, Canada
| | - Silvia M. Vidal
- Departments of Human Genetics and Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
- * E-mail:
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47
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Ordonez L, Bernard I, Chabod M, Augusto JF, Lauwers-Cances V, Cristini C, Cuturi MC, Subra JF, Saoudi A. A higher risk of acute rejection of human kidney allografts can be predicted from the level of CD45RC expressed by the recipients' CD8 T cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e69791. [PMID: 23894540 PMCID: PMC3722168 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0069791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2013] [Accepted: 06/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Although transplantation is the common treatment for end-stage renal failure, allograft rejection and marked morbidity from the use of immunosuppressive drugs remain important limitations. A major challenge in the field is to identify easy, reliable and noninvasive biomarkers allowing the prediction of deleterious alloreactive immune responses and the tailoring of immunosuppressive therapy in individuals according to the rejection risk. In this study, we first established that the expression of the RC isoform of the CD45 molecule (CD45RC) on CD4 and CD8 T cells from healthy individuals identifies functionally distinct alloreactive T cell subsets that behave differently in terms of proliferation and cytokine secretion. We then investigated whether the frequency of the recipients CD45RC T cell subsets before transplantation would predict acute graft rejection in a cohort of 89 patients who had undergone their first kidney transplantation. We showed that patients exhibiting more than 54.7% of CD8 CD45RC(high) T cells before transplantation had a 6 fold increased risk of acute kidney graft rejection. In contrast, the proportions of CD4 CD45RC T cells were not predictive. Thus, a higher risk of acute rejection of human kidney allografts can be predicted from the level of CD45RC expressed by the recipients' CD8 T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Ordonez
- Inserm, U1043, Toulouse, France
- CNRS, U5282, Toulouse, France
- Université de Toulouse, Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan, Toulouse, France
| | - Isabelle Bernard
- Inserm, U1043, Toulouse, France
- CNRS, U5282, Toulouse, France
- Université de Toulouse, Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan, Toulouse, France
| | - Marianne Chabod
- Inserm, U1043, Toulouse, France
- CNRS, U5282, Toulouse, France
- Université de Toulouse, Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan, Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-François Augusto
- Inserm U892, Service de Nephrologie-Dialyse Transplantation CHU Angers and Université d’Angers, Angers, France
| | | | | | | | - Jean-François Subra
- Inserm U892, Service de Nephrologie-Dialyse Transplantation CHU Angers and Université d’Angers, Angers, France
| | - Abdelhadi Saoudi
- Inserm, U1043, Toulouse, France
- CNRS, U5282, Toulouse, France
- Université de Toulouse, Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan, Toulouse, France
- * E-mail:
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48
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Mitchell JR, Kojima T, Wu H, Garrett CG, Rousseau B. Biochemical basis of vocal fold mobilization after microflap surgery in a rabbit model. Laryngoscope 2013; 124:487-93. [PMID: 23775575 DOI: 10.1002/lary.24263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2013] [Revised: 05/07/2013] [Accepted: 05/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS To investigate phonation-related extracellular matrix (ECM) changes in the vocal fold lamina propria after microflap surgery using an in vivo rabbit phonation model. STUDY DESIGN Prospective animal study. METHODS Twenty-four New Zealand White rabbits were used in this study. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry were used to investigate alterations in vocal fold ECM proinflammatory and profibrotic gene, and protein expression from a control group of animals receiving a microflap without phonation and a separate group of animals receiving experimentally induced phonation on postmicroflap days 0, 3, and 7. RESULTS IHC demonstrated the highest concentration of CD45 in vocal folds on postoperative day 0. Staining for CD45 was absent by postoperative day 7, with no differences in CD45 staining between groups. Fibronectin gene expression increased significantly on postoperative day 3 in the control and experimentally induced phonation groups, with maximal staining of fibronectin around the microflap incision on postoperative day 7. No alterations in cyclooxygenase-2, interleukin-1β, and transforming growth factor-β1 gene expression were observed between groups. CONCLUSIONS Results of the present study revealed an acute inflammatory response in the vocal fold at the time of microflap (day 0) and up to 3 days post-microflap. By post-operative day 3, staining of CD45 positive cells decreased, with essentially no evidence of inflammation by post-operative day 7. With the end of the acute inflammatory response occurring around day 3, these data may provide support for mobilizing tissue after inflammation has subsided and the process of active tissue remodeling has ensued (days 3-7). LEVEL OF EVIDENCE N/A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua R Mitchell
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, U.S.A
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Akerman L, Ludvigsson J, Casas R. Low C-peptide levels and decreased expression of TNF and CD45 in children with high risk of type 1 diabetes. Clin Immunol 2013; 148:4-15. [PMID: 23644451 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2013.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2013] [Revised: 03/13/2013] [Accepted: 03/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) patients have numeral and functional defects in peripheral immune cells, but the pre-diabetic period is fairly uncharacterized. Our aim was to analyze expression of immunological markers in T1D high risk children and relate it to clinical/immunological parameters. Children from ABIS (All Babies in Southeast Sweden) with ≥2 diabetes related autoantibodies were considered at high risk. Age-matched controls and new-onset T1D patients were included. Expression of genes related to immune cell function and different arms of the immune system was assessed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells using PCR array. Risk children had lower TNF and CD45, and although there were few differences between the groups, expression of many genes differed when comparing children with regard to residual insulin secretion. Hence, expression of immune related genes seemed related not only to the autoimmune process but rather to residual β-cell function, which was decreased already during the pre-diabetic phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Akerman
- Division of Pediatrics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
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Zikherman J, Parameswaran R, Hermiston M, Weiss A. The structural wedge domain of the receptor-like tyrosine phosphatase CD45 enforces B cell tolerance by regulating substrate specificity. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 190:2527-35. [PMID: 23396948 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1202928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
CD45 is a receptor-like tyrosine phosphatase that positively regulates BCR signaling by dephosphorylating the inhibitory tyrosine of the Src family kinases. We showed previously that a single point mutation, E613R, introduced into the cytoplasmic membrane-proximal "wedge" domain of CD45 is sufficient to drive a lupus-like autoimmune disease on a susceptible genetic background. To clarify the molecular mechanism of this disease, we took advantage of a unique allelic series of mice in which the expression of CD45 is varied across a broad range. Although both E613R B cells and those with supraphysiologic CD45 expression exhibited hyperresponsive BCR signaling, they did so by opposite regulation of the Src family kinase Lyn. We demonstrated that the E613R allele of CD45 does not function as a hyper- or hypomorphic allele but rather alters the substrate specificity of CD45 for Lyn. Despite similarly enhancing BCR signaling, only B cells with supraphysiologic CD45 expression became anergic, whereas only mice harboring the E613R mutation developed frank autoimmunity on a susceptible genetic background. We showed that selective impairment of a Lyn-dependent negative-regulatory circuit in E613R B cells drove autoimmunity in E613R mice. This demonstrates that relaxing negative regulation of BCR signaling, rather than enhancing positive regulation, is critical for driving autoimmunity in this system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Zikherman
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Rosalind Russell Medical Research Center for Arthritis, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
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