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Gagnon A, Grenier G, Bocti C, Gillet V, Lepage JF, Baccarelli AA, Posner J, Descoteaux M, Takser L. White matter microstructural variability linked to differential attentional skills and impulsive behavior in a pediatric population. Cereb Cortex 2023; 33:1895-1912. [PMID: 35535719 PMCID: PMC9977366 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhac180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies have suggested a neuroanatomical basis that may underly attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), but the anatomical ground truth remains unknown. In addition, the role of the white matter (WM) microstructure related to attention and impulsivity in a general pediatric population is still not well understood. Using a state-of-the-art structural connectivity pipeline based on the Brainnetome atlas extracting WM connections and its subsections, we applied dimensionality reduction techniques to obtain biologically interpretable WM measures. We selected the top 10 connections-of-interests (located in frontal, parietal, occipital, and basal ganglia regions) with robust anatomical and statistical criteria. We correlated WM measures with psychometric test metrics (Conner's Continuous Performance Test 3) in 171 children (27 Dx ADHD, 3Dx ASD, 9-13 years old) from the population-based GESTation and Environment cohort. We found that children with lower microstructural complexity and lower axonal density show a higher impulsive behavior on these connections. When segmenting each connection in subsections, we report WM alterations localized in one or both endpoints reflecting a specific localization of WM alterations along each connection. These results provide new insight in understanding the neurophysiology of attention and impulsivity in a general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Gagnon
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Gabrielle Grenier
- Sherbrooke Connectivity Imaging Laboratory (SCIL), Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Christian Bocti
- Department of Medicine, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
- Research Center on Aging, CIUSSS de l'Estrie-CHUS, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Virginie Gillet
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Andrea A Baccarelli
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Maxime Descoteaux
- Sherbrooke Connectivity Imaging Laboratory (SCIL), Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
- Imeka Solutions Inc, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Larissa Takser
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
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Gagnon A, Descoteaux M, Bocti C, Takser L. Better characterization of attention and hyperactivity/impulsivity in children with ADHD: The key to understanding the underlying white matter microstructure. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2022; 327:111568. [PMID: 36434901 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2022.111568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The apparent increase in the prevalence of the attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) diagnosis raises many questions regarding the variability of the subjective diagnostic method. This comprehensive review reports findings in studies assessing white matter (WM) bundles in diffusion MRI and symptom severity in children with ADHD. These studies suggested the involvement of the connections between the frontal, parietal, and basal ganglia regions. This review discusses the limitations surrounding diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and suggests novel imaging techniques allowing for a more reliable representation of the underlying biology. We propose a more inclusive approach to studying ADHD that includes known endophenotypes within the ADHD diagnosis. Aligned with the Research Domain Criteria Initiative, we also propose to investigate attentional capabilities and impulsive behaviours outside of the borders of the diagnosis. We support the existing hypothesis that ADHD originates from a developmental error and propose that it could lead to an accumulation in time of abnormalities in WM microstructure and pathways. Finally, state-of-the-art diffusion processing and novel artificial intelligence approaches would be beneficial to fully understand the pathophysiology of ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Gagnon
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Maxime Descoteaux
- Sherbrooke Connectivity Imaging Laboratory (SCIL), University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada; Imeka Solutions Inc, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Christian Bocti
- Department of Medicine, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada; Research Center on Aging, CIUSSS de l'Estrie-CHUS, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Larissa Takser
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada.
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Bu X, Liang K, Lin Q, Gao Y, Qian A, Chen H, Chen W, Wang M, Yang C, Huang X. Exploring white matter functional networks in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Brain Commun 2020; 2:fcaa113. [PMID: 33215081 PMCID: PMC7660033 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcaa113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder has been identified to involve the impairment of large-scale functional networks within grey matter, and recent studies have suggested that white matter, which also encodes neural activity, can manifest intrinsic functional organization similar to that of grey matter. However, the alterations in white matter functional networks in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder remain unknown. We recruited a total of 99 children, including 66 drug-naive patients and 33 typically developing controls aged from 6 to 14, to characterize the alterations in functional networks within white matter in drug-naive children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Using clustering analysis, resting-state functional MRI data in the white matter were parsed into different networks. Intrinsic activity within each network and connectivity between networks and the associations between network activity strength and clinical symptoms were assessed. We identified eight distinct white matter functional networks: the default mode network, the somatomotor network, the dorsal attention network, the ventral attention network, the visual network, the deep frontoparietal network, the deep frontal network and the inferior corticospinal-posterior cerebellum network. The default mode, somatomotor, dorsal attention and ventral attention networks showed lower spontaneous neural activity in patients. In particular, the default mode network and the somatomotor network largely showed higher connectivity with other networks, which correlated with more severe hyperactive behaviour, while the dorsal and ventral attention networks mainly had lower connectivity with other networks, which correlated with poor attention performance. In conclusion, there are two distinct patterns of white matter functional networks in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, with one being the hyperactivity-related hot networks including default mode network and somatomotor network and the other being inattention-related cold networks including dorsal attention and ventral attention network. These results extended upon our understanding of brain functional networks in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder from the perspective of white matter dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Bu
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
- Psychoradiology Research Unit of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2018RU011), West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Kaili Liang
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
- Psychoradiology Research Unit of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2018RU011), West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Qingxia Lin
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325003, China
| | - Yingxue Gao
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
- Psychoradiology Research Unit of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2018RU011), West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Andan Qian
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325003, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325003, China
| | - Wanying Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325003, China
| | - Meihao Wang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325003, China
| | - Chuang Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325003, China
| | - Xiaoqi Huang
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
- Psychoradiology Research Unit of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2018RU011), West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
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Kipping JA, Xie Y, Qiu A. Cerebellar development and its mediation role in cognitive planning in childhood. Hum Brain Mapp 2018; 39:5074-5084. [PMID: 30133063 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence suggests that the cerebellum contributes not only to the planning and execution of movement but also to the high-order cognitive planning. Childhood is a critical period for development of the cerebellum and cognitive planning. This study aimed (a) to examine the development of cerebellar morphology and microstructure and (b) to examine the cerebellar mediation roles in the relationship between age and cognitive planning in 6- to 10-year-old children (n = 126). We used an anatomical parcellation to quantify cerebellar regional gray matter (GM) and white matter (WM) volumes, and WM microstructure, including fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD). We assessed planning ability using the Stockings of Cambridge (SOC) task in all children. We revealed (a) a measure-specific anterior-to-posterior gradient of the cerebellar development in childhood, that is, smaller GM volumes and greater WM FA of the anterior segment of the cerebellum but larger GM volumes and lower WM FA in the posterior segment of the cerebellum in older children; (b) an age-related improvement of the SOC performance at the most demanding level of five-move problems; and (c) a mediation role of the lateral cerebellar WM volumes in age-related improvement in the SOC performance in childhood. These results highlight the differential development of the cerebellum during childhood and provide evidence that brain adaptation to the acquisition of planning ability during childhood could partially be achieved through the engagement of the lateral cerebellum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judy A Kipping
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yingyao Xie
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Anqi Qiu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Singapore, Singapore.,Clinical Imaging Research Center, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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Wang C, Kipping J, Bao C, Ji H, Qiu A. Cerebellar Functional Parcellation Using Sparse Dictionary Learning Clustering. Front Neurosci 2016; 10:188. [PMID: 27199650 PMCID: PMC4852537 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2016.00188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The human cerebellum has recently been discovered to contribute to cognition and emotion beyond the planning and execution of movement, suggesting its functional heterogeneity. We aimed to identify the functional parcellation of the cerebellum using information from resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI). For this, we introduced a new data-driven decomposition-based functional parcellation algorithm, called Sparse Dictionary Learning Clustering (SDLC). SDLC integrates dictionary learning, sparse representation of rs-fMRI, and k-means clustering into one optimization problem. The dictionary is comprised of an over-complete set of time course signals, with which a sparse representation of rs-fMRI signals can be constructed. Cerebellar functional regions were then identified using k-means clustering based on the sparse representation of rs-fMRI signals. We solved SDLC using a multi-block hybrid proximal alternating method that guarantees strong convergence. We evaluated the reliability of SDLC and benchmarked its classification accuracy against other clustering techniques using simulated data. We then demonstrated that SDLC can identify biologically reasonable functional regions of the cerebellum as estimated by their cerebello-cortical functional connectivity. We further provided new insights into the cerebello-cortical functional organization in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changqing Wang
- Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore Singapore, Singapore
| | - Judy Kipping
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chenglong Bao
- Department of Mathematics, National University of Singapore Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hui Ji
- Department of Mathematics, National University of Singapore Singapore, Singapore
| | - Anqi Qiu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of SingaporeSingapore, Singapore; Clinical Imaging Research Centre, National University of SingaporeSingapore, Singapore; Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology, and ResearchSingapore, Singapore
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Cooper M, Thapar A, Jones DK. White matter microstructure predicts autistic traits in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. J Autism Dev Disord 2015; 44:2742-54. [PMID: 24827086 PMCID: PMC4194020 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-014-2131-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Traits of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have previously been found to index clinical severity. This study examined the association of ASD traits with diffusion parameters in adolescent males with ADHD (n = 17), and also compared WM microstructure relative to controls (n = 17). Significant associations (p < 0.05, corrected) were found between fractional anisotropy/radial diffusivity and ASD trait severity (positive and negative correlations respectively), mostly in the right posterior limb of the internal capsule/corticospinal tract, right cerebellar peduncle and the midbrain. No case-control differences were found for the diffusion parameters investigated. This is the first report of a WM microstructural signature of autistic traits in ADHD. Thus, even in the absence of full disorder, ASD traits may index a distinctive underlying neurobiology in ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Cooper
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Section, Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Second Floor, Hadyn Ellis Building, Maindy Road, Cathays, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, UK,
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Witt ST, Stevens MC. Relationship between white matter microstructure abnormalities and ADHD symptomatology in adolescents. Psychiatry Res 2015; 232:168-74. [PMID: 25795595 PMCID: PMC4417010 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2015.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Revised: 10/17/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The present study sought to evaluate whether white matter microstructure abnormalities observed in a cohort of adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have specific relationships with either or both Hyperactivity/Impulsivity and Inattentive ADHD symptom domains that would support a dimensional view of ADHD as adopted in the DSM-V. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) data were acquired on 22 adolescents diagnosed with ADHD. Multiple regression analyses were performed to determine whether scalar DTI measures in 13 tracts-of-interest demonstrated meaningful associations with Hyperactivity/Impulsivity or Inattentive symptom severity. Fractional anisotropy and radial diffusivity measures of white matter integrity exhibited significant linear relationships with Hyperactivity/Impulsivity and Inattentive symptom severity. However, only radial diffusivity in the right superior longitudinal fasciculus was specifically linked to Inattentive symptom severity and not Hyperactivity/Impulsivity symptom severity. Our results provide preliminary evidence that symptom domains in ADHD are linked to neuroanatomical substrates and confirm the value in examining ADHD from a dimensional perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne T. Witt
- Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford Hospital, 200 Retreat Avenue, ONRC, Whitehall Building, Hartford, CT 06106, USA,Center for Medical Imaging and Visualization (CMIV), Linköping University, SE-581 85 Linköping, SWEDEN
| | - Michael C. Stevens
- Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford Hospital, 200 Retreat Avenue, ONRC, Whitehall Building, Hartford, CT 06106, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 George Street, Suite 901, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
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ADHD severity is associated with white matter microstructure in the subgenual cingulum. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2015; 7:653-60. [PMID: 25844319 PMCID: PMC4375644 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2015.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Revised: 02/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Aims This analysis examined hypothesised associations between microstructural attributes in specific white matter (WM) tracts selected a priori and measures of clinical variability in adolescents with a diagnosis of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Firstly, associations were explored between WM microstructure and ADHD severity in the subgenual cingulum. Secondly, to ensure that tract-specific approaches afforded enhanced rather than differential sensitivity, associations were measured between WM microstructure and autistic traits in the right corticospinal tract based on results of a previously-published voxelwise analysis. Methods 40 right-handed males aged 14–18 years (19 with DSM-IV combined type ADHD and 21 healthy controls) underwent a 60 direction diffusion MRI scan. Clinical ADHD and autism variation were assessed by validated questionnaires. Deterministic tractography based on spherical deconvolution methods was used to map the subgenual cingulum and corticospinal tract. Results Fractional anisotropy was positively correlated and radial diffusivity was negatively correlated with a) ADHD severity in the left subgenual cingulum and b) autistic traits in the inferior segment of the right corticospinal tract. No case–control differences were found. Conclusions Results shed light on possible anatomical correlates of ADHD severity and autistic symptoms in pathways which may be involved in the ADHD phenotype. They provide further evidence that tract-specific approaches may a) reveal associations between microstructural metrics and indices of phenotypic variability which would not be detected using voxelwise approaches, and b) provide improved rather than differential sensitivity compared to voxelwise approaches. Adolescents with ADHD and controls underwent a diffusion MRI scan. ADHD severity was associated with microstructure in the left subgenual cingulum. Autistic traits in were associated with microstructure in the right corticospinal tract. No case–control differences were found. Use of tract-specific approaches may improve sensitivity to detect associations.
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Rollins CK, Watson CG, Asaro LA, Wypij D, Vajapeyam S, Bellinger DC, DeMaso DR, Robertson RL, Newburger JW, Rivkin MJ. White matter microstructure and cognition in adolescents with congenital heart disease. J Pediatr 2014; 165:936-44.e1-2. [PMID: 25217200 PMCID: PMC4258111 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2014.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2014] [Revised: 06/19/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the relationship between altered white matter microstructure and neurodevelopment in children with dextro-transposition of the great arteries (d-TGA). STUDY DESIGN We report correlations between regional white matter microstructure as measured by fractional anisotropy (FA) and cognitive outcome in a homogeneous group of adolescents with d-TGA. Subjects with d-TGA (n = 49) and controls (n = 29) underwent diffusion tensor imaging and neurocognitive testing. In the group with d-TGA, we correlated neurocognitive scores with FA in 14 composite regions of interest in which subjects with d-TGA had lower FA than controls. RESULTS Among the patients with d-TGA, mathematics achievement correlated with left parietal FA (r = 0.39; P = .006), inattention/hyperactivity symptoms correlated with right precentral FA (r = -0.39; P = .006) and left parietal FA (r = -0.30; P = .04), executive function correlated with right precentral FA (r = -0.30; P = .04), and visual-spatial skills correlated with right frontal FA (r = 0.30; P = .04). We also found an unanticipated correlation between memory and right posterior limb of the internal capsule FA (r = 0.29; P = .047). CONCLUSION Within the group with d-TGA, regions of reduced white matter microstructure are associated with cognitive performance in a pattern similar to that seen in healthy adolescents and adults. Diminished white matter microstructure may contribute to cognitive compromise in adolescents who underwent open-heart surgery in infancy.
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Peterson D, Mahajan R, Crocetti D, Mejia A, Mostofsky S. Left-hemispheric microstructural abnormalities in children with high-functioning autism spectrum disorder. Autism Res 2014; 8:61-72. [PMID: 25256103 DOI: 10.1002/aur.1413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2013] [Accepted: 08/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Current theories of the neurobiological basis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) posit an altered pattern of connectivity in large-scale brain networks. Here we used diffusion tensor imaging to investigate the microstructural properties of the white matter (WM) that mediates interregional connectivity in 36 high-functioning children with ASD (HF-ASD) as compared with 37 controls. By employing an atlas-based analysis using large deformation diffeometric morphic mapping registration, a widespread but left-lateralized pattern of abnormalities was revealed. The mean diffusivity (MD) of water in the WM of HF-ASD children was significantly elevated throughout the left hemisphere, particularly in the outer-zone cortical WM. Across diagnostic groups, there was a significant effect of age on left-hemisphere MD, with a similar reduction in MD during childhood in both typically developing and HF-ASD children. The increased MD in children with HF-ASD suggests hypomyelination and may reflect increased short-range cortico-cortical connections subsequent to early WM overgrowth. These findings also highlight left-hemispheric connectivity as relevant to the pathophysiology of ASD and indicate that the spatial distribution of microstructural abnormalities in HF-ASD is widespread and left-lateralized. This altered left-hemispheric connectivity may contribute to deficits in communication and praxis observed in ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Peterson
- Center for Neurodevelopment and Imaging Research (CNIR), Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland
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Towards a primate model of Gilles de la Tourette syndrome: Anatomo-behavioural correlation of disorders induced by striatal dysfunction. Cortex 2013; 49:1126-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2012.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2012] [Revised: 07/21/2012] [Accepted: 08/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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