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Xie B, Wu Y, Wang S, Ruan L, Liu X. Expression profile of long noncoding RNAs and comprehensive analysis of lncRNA-cisTF-DGE regulation in condyloma acuminatum. BMC Med Genomics 2024; 17:167. [PMID: 38902760 PMCID: PMC11188504 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-024-01938-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify differentially expressed long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in condyloma acuminatum (CA) and to explore their probable regulatory mechanisms by establishing coexpression networks. METHODS High-throughput RNA sequencing was performed to assess genome-wide lncRNA expression in CA and paired adjacent mucosal tissue. The expression of candidate lncRNAs and their target genes in larger CA specimens was validated using real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT‒qPCR). Furthermore, Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses were used for the functional enrichment analysis of these candidate lncRNAs and differential mRNAs. The coexpressed mRNAs of the candidate lncRNAs, calculated by Pearson's correlation coefficient, were also analysed using GO and KEGG analysis. In addition, the interactions among differentially expressed lncRNAs (DElncRNAs)-cis-regulatory transcription factors (cisTFs)-differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were analysed and their network was constructed. RESULTS A total of 546 lncRNAs and 2553 mRNAs were found to be differentially expressed in CA compared to the paired control. Functional enrichment analysis revealed that the DEGs coexpressed with DElncRNAs were enriched in the terms of cell adhesion and keratinocyte differentiation, and the pathways of ECM-receptor interaction, local adhesion, PI3K/AKT and TGF-ß signaling. We further constructed the network among DElncRNAs-cisTFs-DEGs and found that these 95 DEGs were mainly enriched in GO terms of epithelial development, regulation of transcription or gene expression. Furthermore, the expression of 3 pairs of DElncRNAs and cisTFs, EVX1-AS and HOXA13, HOXA11-AS and EVX1, and DLX6-AS and DLX5, was validated with a larger number of specimens using RT‒qPCR. CONCLUSION CA has a specific lncRNA profile, and the differentially expressed lncRNAs play regulatory roles in mRNA expression through cis-acting TFs, which provides insight into their regulatory networks. It will be useful to understand the pathogenesis of CA to provide new directions for the prevention, clinical treatment and efficacy evaluation of CA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Xie
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79# Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310003, China
| | - Yinhua Wu
- Department of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79# Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310003, China
| | - Su Wang
- Department of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79# Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310003, China
| | - Liming Ruan
- Department of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79# Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310003, China.
- Department of Dermatology, Beilun People's Hospital of Ningbo City, 1288# Lushan East Road, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, 310058, China.
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- Department of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79# Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310003, China.
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Trishna S, Lavon A, Shteinfer-Kuzmine A, Dafa-Berger A, Shoshan-Barmatz V. Overexpression of the mitochondrial anti-viral signaling protein, MAVS, in cancers is associated with cell survival and inflammation. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2023; 33:713-732. [PMID: 37662967 PMCID: PMC10468804 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2023.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial anti-viral signaling protein (MAVS) plays an important role in host defense against viral infection via coordinating the activation of NF-κB and interferon regulatory factors. The mitochondrial-bound form of MAVS is essential for its anti-viral innate immunity. Recently, tumor cells were proposed to mimic a viral infection by activating RNA-sensing pattern recognition receptors. Here, we demonstrate that MAVS is overexpressed in a panel of viral non-infected cancer cell lines and patient-derived tumors, including lung, liver, bladder, and cervical cancers, and we studied its role in cancer. Silencing MAVS expression reduced cell proliferation and the expression and nuclear translocation of proteins associated with transcriptional regulation, inflammation, and immunity. MAVS depletion reduced expression of the inflammasome components and inhibited its activation/assembly. Moreover, MAVS directly interacts with the mitochondrial protein VDAC1, decreasing its conductance, and we identified the VDAC1 binding site in MAVS. Our findings suggest that MAVS depletion, by reducing cancer cell proliferation and inflammation, represents a new target for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sweta Trishna
- Department of Life Sciences, University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Avia Lavon
- Department of Life Sciences, University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Anna Shteinfer-Kuzmine
- National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Avis Dafa-Berger
- Department of Life Sciences, University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Varda Shoshan-Barmatz
- Department of Life Sciences, University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel
- National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel
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Huang C, Arbiser JL. MAVS is a double-edged sword. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2023; 33:869-870. [PMID: 37680981 PMCID: PMC10481148 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2023.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Christina Huang
- Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jack L. Arbiser
- Metroderm/United Dermatology Partners, 875 Johnson Ferry Road, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Stuqui B, Provazzi PJS, Lima MLD, Cabral ÁS, Leonel ECR, Candido NM, Taboga SR, da Silva MG, Lima FDO, Melli PPDS, Quintana SM, Calmon MDF, Rahal P. Condyloma acuminata: An evaluation of the immune response at cellular and molecular levels. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0284296. [PMID: 37053156 PMCID: PMC10101375 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0284296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Condyloma acuminata (CA) is a benign proliferative disease mainly affecting in non-keratinized epithelia. Most cases of CA are caused by low-risk human papillomavirus (HPV), mainly HPV 6 and 11. The aim of the current study was to highlight the candidate genes and pathways associated with immune alterations in individuals who did not spontaneously eliminate the virus and, thus, develop genital warts. Paraffin-embedded condyloma samples (n = 56) were analyzed by immunohistochemistry using antibodies against CD1a, FOXP3, CD3, CD4, CD8, and IFN-γ. The immunomarkers were chosen based on the evaluation of the innate and adaptive immune pathways using qPCR analysis of 92 immune-related genes, applying a TaqMan Array Immune Response assay in HPV 6 or HPV 11 positive samples (n = 27). Gene expression analysis revealed 31 differentially expressed genes in CA lesions. Gene expression validation revealed upregulation of GZMB, IFNG, IL12B, and IL8 and downregulation of NFATC4 and IL7 in CA samples. Immunohistochemical analysis showed increased FOXP3, IFN-γ, CD1a, and CD4 expression in CA than in the control tissue samples. In contrast, CD3 and CD8 expression was decreased in CA lesion samples. Increased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in HPV-positive patients compared with HPV-negative patients seem to reflect the elevated immunogenicity of HPV-positive CA lesions. Host defense against HPV begins during the early stages of the innate immune response and is followed by activation of T lymphocytes, which are mainly represented by CD4+ and regulatory T cells. The low CD8+ T cell count in CA may contribute to this recurrent behavior. Additional studies are needed to elucidate the mechanism of host defense against HPV infection in CA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Stuqui
- Department of Biology, São Paulo State University, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Ágata Silva Cabral
- Department of Biology, São Paulo State University, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Natalia Maria Candido
- Department of Biology, São Paulo State University, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Silvana Maria Quintana
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Ribeirāo Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Paula Rahal
- Department of Biology, São Paulo State University, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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Serum Zinc Level in Patients with Severe Genital Warts: A Case-Control Study in a Dermatology Hospital. Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol 2022; 2022:7616453. [PMID: 35959482 PMCID: PMC9363164 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7616453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Genital warts are a common sexually transmitted disease (STD), and there is no method that completely prevents its recurrence. Recently, zinc has been used in the treatment of cutaneous warts. Nondestructive action, ease of use, and promising results with low chances of relapse were reflected in the treatment. These effects may arise from the immunomodulatory activity of zinc in the event of a viral infection. Objectives This study was aimed at identifying the relationship between the serum zinc level and the clinical characteristics of patients with genital warts. Materials and Methods A case-control study was conducted. Genital warts were diagnosed by clinical examination, and disease severity was demonstrated based on the number of affected sites or the spread of lesions. The serum zinc level was measured using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Results A total of 78 patients with genital warts and 78 healthy volunteers were enrolled in the study. The mean serum zinc level in the genital wart group was lower than that in the control group (81.83 ± 13.99 μg/dL vs. 86.66 ± 17.58 μg/dL); however, this difference was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). The mean concentrations of serum zinc in patients having more than one affected site, spread > 2 cm2, or ten or more lesions were significantly lower than those of the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusions The results suggested that severe genital warts may be associated with a low serum zinc level in patients.
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Niu L, Chu X, Jiang Y, Zeng W. HPV infection upregulates the expression of ZNT-1 in condyloma acuminatum. Eur J Histochem 2021; 65. [PMID: 33908744 PMCID: PMC8103779 DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2021.3228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Condyloma acuminata (CA) are benign anogenital warts caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) infection with a high recurrence rate. Despite its high contagiousness, high recurrence rate and potential for malignant transformation, effective treatments for CA have not yet been developed. Accordingly, it is necessary to clarify the mechanisms underlying CA development. Zinc (Zn) is stably maintained in the weight of human body. Skin is the third most Zn-abundant tissue in the body. Zn is present as a divalent ion (Zn2+) in cells and does not need a redox reaction upon crossing the cellular membrane. Zn transporters (ZnTs; SLC30A) and Irt-like proteins (ZIPs; SLC39A) are involved in Zn2+ efflux and uptake, respectively. ZnT1 is one of the ZnTs, which associates with the development of HPV. However, the role of ZnT1 regulation in the CA caused by HPV infection remains unknown. A multigroup case-control study was designed to investigate the expression and significance of the ZnT1 in patients with CA infected with HPV and in normal vulva controls. ZnT1 was assessed by immunohistochemistry in 44 patients with CA at Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University 2019-2020. Samples were analyzed by paraffin embedding and sectioning and hematoxylin-eosin and immunohistochemical staining. Immunohistochemical methods detected specific, dark brown, positive staining of ZnT1 in the keratinocytes of epidermis. We verified that the expression levels of ZnT1 that interact with HPV were upregulated in the CA groups independently of genotype compared with the control group. And then we found that the HPV risk grade in CA patients has a certain correlation with ZnT1 expression. These findings showed that HPV infection upregulated the expression of ZnT1 in CA. Additionally, there were obvious differences in the expression of ZnT1 between the different HPV risk grade infection groups. The higher the HPV risk grade, the stronger the ZNT1 protein expression. This study provided new insights into the sign pathway to HPV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Niu
- Department of Pathology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan.
| | - Xiaoying Chu
- Department of Pathology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan.
| | - Yaofei Jiang
- Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Centre and Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan.
| | - Wei Zeng
- Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Centre and Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan.
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Basim P, Yuksel M. Peripheral inflammatory biomarkers as predictors of recurrence in surgically-treated anogenital condylomata acuminata patients. Int J STD AIDS 2020; 31:1380-1388. [PMID: 33104496 DOI: 10.1177/0956462420950562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) in patients with anogenital condylomata acuminata (CA) and their association with recurrence and squamous intraepithelial neoplasia development. We conducted a descriptive study in 95 patients that had undergone surgical treatment for CA. The descriptive data, disease characteristics, and pre-treatment peripheral inflammatory biomarkers (PIBs) were recorded retrospectively. All parameters were compared in those with recurrent and non-recurrent CA. All PIBs were significantly higher in patients with the greatest genital wart size of >2 cm in the squamous intraepithelial lesion (SIL) group. Human papillomavirus (HPV) types 16, 18, 31 and 33, known to carry high risk for anogenital cancer, were significantly related to higher SII. Greater wart size, high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL), and higher PLR and SII values were highly associated with recurrent disease (p = 0.003, 0.006, 0.005 and 0.000, respectively). Of all recurrences, 34.1% were explained by HSIL and increased PLR and SII values. The prediction of CA recurrence is important to determine those patients at high risk. PLR and SII can be used for risk analysis in selected patient groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Basim
- Department of General Surgery, Medical Faculty, Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - M Yuksel
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Faculty, Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
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8
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Hoffmann R, Logan C, Pese K. An interesting cause of haematuria – urethral condyloma acuminatum. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL UROLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/2051415818773952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Richard Hoffmann
- Department of Urology, Flinders Medical Centre, Australia
- Division of Surgery, University of Adelaide, Australia
| | - Callum Logan
- Department of Urology, Flinders Medical Centre, Australia
| | - Kim Pese
- Department of Urology, Flinders Medical Centre, Australia
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9
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Blomberg M, Dehlendorff C, Kjaer SK. Risk of CIN2+ following a diagnosis of genital warts: a nationwide cohort study. Sex Transm Infect 2019; 95:614-618. [PMID: 31092605 DOI: 10.1136/sextrans-2019-054008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Individuals with genital warts may be particularly susceptible to human papillomavirus since they have failed to clear the virus. Consequently, women with genital warts could be at increased risk of cervical dysplasia. In this cohort study we aimed to compare the incidence of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 or worse (CIN2+) in women with a diagnosis of genital warts with that of the general female population without genital warts. METHODS Using the Danish nationwide population-based health data registers, we identified women between 15 and 45 years and followed them for diagnoses of CIN2+ from 1995 to 2006. Genital wart diagnoses were recorded from birth, and Cox regression with attained age as underlying scale was used to estimate age-dependent HRs for the risk of CIN2+ with genital warts as a time-varying exposure. RESULTS Among 918 609 women without genital warts and 32 218 women with genital warts, 30 209 and 1533 women, respectively, had a subsequent diagnosis of CIN2+. A significantly higher risk of CIN2+ was found among women with genital warts relative to those without (HR, 2.43; 95% CI 2.30 to 2.56). Treatment-resistant genital warts posed a significantly higher risk of CIN2+ than did transient genital warts (HR, 1.20; 95% CI 1.01 to 1.43). The risks remained elevated more than 4 years after the genital wart diagnosis. CONCLUSION Clinicians should ensure that women with genital warts are screened for cervical cancer after the genital wart diagnosis and that they continue to be screened on time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Blomberg
- Unit of Virus, Lifestyle and Genes, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark .,Department of Dermatology, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian Dehlendorff
- Statistics, Bioinformatics and Registry, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Susanne K Kjaer
- Unit of Virus, Lifestyle and Genes, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Juliane Marie Centre, Gynecologic Clinic, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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10
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Rao S, Morris R, Rice ZP, Arbiser JL. Regression of diffuse B-cell lymphoma of the leg with intralesional gentian violet. Exp Dermatol 2017; 27:93-95. [PMID: 28833549 DOI: 10.1111/exd.13418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In this case report, a patient of primary cutaneous diffuse B-cell lymphoma, leg type was treated with intralesional gentian violet as she was judged to be too medically fragile for conventional chemotherapy due to advanced age and multiple serious comorbidities. Gentian violet (crystal violet/hexamethyl pararosaniline) is a triphenylmethane dye. It has been shown to have an inhibitory effect on NADPH oxidase, an enzyme family which is found in abundance in reactive oxygen-driven tumors such as melanoma and lymphoma. We hypothesize that intralesional gentian violet treatment caused signalling changes in the lymphoma which allowed for immune clearance of the lymphoma. Complete resolution of the patient's lesion was noted on a follow-up visit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shikha Rao
- Department of Dermatology, Atlanta Veterans Administration Medical Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Robert Morris
- Department of Dermatology, Atlanta Veterans Administration Medical Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Zakiya P Rice
- Department of Dermatology, Atlanta Veterans Administration Medical Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jack L Arbiser
- Department of Dermatology, Atlanta Veterans Administration Medical Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
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11
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Rao S, Arbiser J. Promoting intolerance: learning from warts. Br J Dermatol 2017; 177:621-622. [DOI: 10.1111/bjd.15613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Rao
- Department of Dermatology Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta Veterans Administration Medical Center WMB 5309, 1639 Pierce Drive Atlanta GA 30322 U.S.A
| | - J.L. Arbiser
- Department of Dermatology Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta Veterans Administration Medical Center WMB 5309, 1639 Pierce Drive Atlanta GA 30322 U.S.A
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Xie Z, Zhang M, Xiong W, Wan HY, Zhao XC, Xie T, Lei H, Lin ZC, Luo DS, Liang XL, Chen YH. Immunotolerant indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase is increased in condyloma acuminata. Br J Dermatol 2017; 177:809-817. [PMID: 28132413 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.15356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The tryptophan-depleting enzyme indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) is critical for the regulation of immunotolerance and plays an important role in immune-associated skin diseases. OBJECTIVES To analyse the level of IDO in condyloma acuminata (CA) and its role in this condition. METHODS IDO expression was assessed in the skin and peripheral blood of healthy controls and patients with CA. To assess the role of skin IDO in immunity, the ability of isolated epidermal cells to metabolize tryptophan and the influence on polyclonal T-cell mitogen (PHA)-stimulated T-cell proliferation were explored. RESULTS IDO median fluorescence intensities in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with CA were similar to those from healthy controls. Immunohistochemistry showed that IDO+ cells were rare in normal skin and the control skin of patients with CA, but were greatly accumulated in wart tissue. Most fluorescence signals of IDO+ cells did not overlap with those of CD1a+ Langerhans cells. Human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA probe in situ hybridization showed a large number of IDO+ cells in the HPV- site. Keratinocytes in the skin of healthy controls and the circumcised skin of patients with CA could minimally transform tryptophan into kynurenine, but IDO-competent epidermal cells from warts could transform tryptophan. In addition, these IDO-competent epidermal cells could inhibit PHA-stimulated T-cell proliferation. The addition of an IDO inhibitor, 1-methyl-d-tryptophan, restored the inhibited T-cell proliferation. CONCLUSIONS Abnormally localized high IDO expression might be involved in the formation of a local immunotolerant microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Xie
- Department of Dermatology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - M Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - W Xiong
- Division of Urology and Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - H Y Wan
- Department of Dermatology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - X C Zhao
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Nanfang Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - T Xie
- Department of Dermatology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - H Lei
- Department of Dermatology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Z C Lin
- Department of Dermatology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - D S Luo
- Department of Dermatology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - X L Liang
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Y H Chen
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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Yang LJ, Zhu DN, Dang YL, Zhao X. Treatment of condyloma acuminata in pregnant women with cryotherapy combined with proanthocyanidins: Outcome and safety. Exp Ther Med 2016; 11:2391-2394. [PMID: 27284325 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2016.3207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with condyloma acuminata (CA) during pregnancy represent a special risk group. The outcomes of many treatment methods for such cases are not satisfactory. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the treatment outcome and safety of cryotherapy combined with proanthocyanidins (PCs) for CA in pregnant women. In this study, 46 pregnant women with CA were treated with cryotherapy combined with PCs. The lesions were sprayed with liquid nitrogen until the color of the wart changed from flesh colored to purple. A PC-containing formulation was then sprayed onto a non-woven fabric or single-layer gauze and applied to the affected area. The PC treatment was applied for 20 min, 2 or 3 times per day. All patients were followed up at 1 and 3 months. No visible warts remained after the cryotherapy and PC treatment. At the 1-month follow-up, only 1 case of recurrence was identified. At 3 months, 5 cases of recurrence were identified, and the recurrence rate was 10.9%. The satisfaction rate of the patients was 94% at 1 month and 87% at 3 months after treatment. All pregnancies resulted in healthy live births without delivery complications. Cryotherapy combined with PCs is indicated to be a safe and effective procedure and may serve as a treatment option for pregnant women with CA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Juan Yang
- Department of Dermatology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Shaanxi, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710003, P.R. China
| | - Dong-Ning Zhu
- Department of Dermatology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Shaanxi, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710003, P.R. China
| | - Yan-Ling Dang
- Department of Dermatology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Shaanxi, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710003, P.R. China
| | - Xiong Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
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14
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Carlson JA. Lymphedema and subclinical lymphostasis (microlymphedema) facilitate cutaneous infection, inflammatory dermatoses, and neoplasia: A locus minoris resistentiae. Clin Dermatol 2015; 32:599-615. [PMID: 25160101 DOI: 10.1016/j.clindermatol.2014.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Whether primary or secondary, lymphedema is caused by failure to drain protein-rich interstitial fluid. Typically affecting a whole limb, it has become apparent that lymphedema can also affect localized regions of the skin, or it can be clinically silent but histologically evident, denoted by dilated lymphangiectases (latent lymphedema). Chronic lymph stasis has numerous consequences, including lipogenesis, fibrosis, inflammation, lymphangiogenesis, and immunosuppression. For example, lymphedema's disruption of immune cell trafficking leads to localized immune suppression, predisposing the area affected to chronic inflammation, infection (cellulitis and verrucosis), and malignancy (angiosarcoma and nonmelanoma skin cancer). The pathogenesis of lymphedema is reviewed and exemplified by describing how a combination of lymph stasis-promoting factors such as trauma, obesity, infection, and inflammatory disorders produces localized elephantiasis; furthermore, the finding of lymphangiectases is found to be common in numerous dermatologic disorders and argued to play a role in their pathogenesis. Lastly, it is discussed how antigen burden, which is controlled by lymphatic clearance, affects the immune response, resulting in immune tolerance, immunopathology, or normal adaptive immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Andrew Carlson
- Divisions of Dermatopathology and Dermatology, Department of Pathology, Albany Medical College, MC-81, Albany, NY 12208.
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15
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Human papilloma virus status of penile squamous cell carcinoma is associated with differences in tumour-infiltrating T lymphocytes. Virchows Arch 2014; 466:323-31. [DOI: 10.1007/s00428-014-1713-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Revised: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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16
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Eby JM, Kang HK, Klarquist J, Chatterjee S, Mosenson JA, Nishimura MI, Garrett-Mayer E, Longley BJ, Engelhard VH, Mehrotra S, Le Poole IC. Immune responses in a mouse model of vitiligo with spontaneous epidermal de- and repigmentation. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2014; 27:1075-85. [PMID: 24935676 PMCID: PMC4470702 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Accepted: 06/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
To generate a mouse model of spontaneous epidermal depigmentation, parental h3TA2 mice, expressing both a human-derived, tyrosinase-reactive T-cell receptor on T cells and the matching HLA-A2 transgene, were crossed to keratin 14-promoter driven, stem cell factor transgenic (K14-SCF) mice with intra-epidermal melanocytes. In resulting Vitesse mice, spontaneous skin depigmentation precedes symmetrical and sharply demarcated patches of graying hair. Whereas the SCF transgene alone dictates a greater retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor gamma (RORγt)(+) T-cell compartment, these cells displayed markedly increased IL-17 expression within Vitesse mice. Similar to patient skin, regulatory T cells were less abundant compared with K14-SCF mice, with the exception of gradually appearing patches of repigmenting skin. The subtle repigmentation observed likely reflects resilient melanocytes that coexist with skin-infiltrating, melanocyte-reactive T cells. Similar repigmenting lesions were found in a different TCR transgenic model of vitiligo developed on an SCF transgenic background, supporting a role for SCF in repigmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan M Eby
- Oncology Research Institute, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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17
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Ying ZL, Li XJ, Dang H, Wang F, Xu XY. Saikosaponin-d affects the differentiation, maturation and function of monocyte-derived dendritic cells. Exp Ther Med 2014; 7:1354-1358. [PMID: 24940438 PMCID: PMC3991489 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2014.1568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2013] [Accepted: 02/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Saikosaponin-d (Ssd) is a triterpenoid saponin derived from Bupleurum falcatum L., which has been shown to exhibit a variety of pharmacological properties, including anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and antiviral properties. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of Ssd on the differentiation, maturation and function of human monocyte-derived dendritic cells (DCs) isolated from condylomata acuminata patients. The results of the present study demonstrated that Ssd reduced the differentiation of DCs, as evidenced by decreased expression levels of cluster of differentiation (CD)1a, CD80 and CD86 molecules and increased CD14 expression. Expression levels of the mannose receptor and CD32 were also significantly elevated, which was associated with enhanced fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran endocytic activity. Furthermore, Ssd treatment promoted DC maturation by increasing the expression levels of CD40, CD83, CD80 and CD86. In addition, the function of mature DCs, including the secretion of IL-12 and the stimulation of lymphocyte proliferation, was significantly increased following Ssd administration. In conclusion, the present study indicated that Ssd exhibited immunomodulatory effects and may be a novel potent chemopreventive drug candidate for the treatment of condylomata acuminata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuo-Lin Ying
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Jie Li
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
| | - Hong Dang
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
| | - Feng Wang
- Experimental Research Center, Shanghai First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Yan Xu
- Experimental Research Center, Shanghai First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
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18
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Ying ZL, Li XJ, Dang H, Wang F, Xu XY, Chen Y, Chang X, An L, Zhou L, Zeng Z, Lou M, Lv J. Saikosaponin-d affects the differentiation, maturation and function of monocyte-derived dendritic cells. Exp Ther Med 2014. [PMID: 24940438 DOI: 10.3892/etm] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Saikosaponin-d (Ssd) is a triterpenoid saponin derived from Bupleurum falcatum L., which has been shown to exhibit a variety of pharmacological properties, including anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and antiviral properties. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of Ssd on the differentiation, maturation and function of human monocyte-derived dendritic cells (DCs) isolated from condylomata acuminata patients. The results of the present study demonstrated that Ssd reduced the differentiation of DCs, as evidenced by decreased expression levels of cluster of differentiation (CD)1a, CD80 and CD86 molecules and increased CD14 expression. Expression levels of the mannose receptor and CD32 were also significantly elevated, which was associated with enhanced fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran endocytic activity. Furthermore, Ssd treatment promoted DC maturation by increasing the expression levels of CD40, CD83, CD80 and CD86. In addition, the function of mature DCs, including the secretion of IL-12 and the stimulation of lymphocyte proliferation, was significantly increased following Ssd administration. In conclusion, the present study indicated that Ssd exhibited immunomodulatory effects and may be a novel potent chemopreventive drug candidate for the treatment of condylomata acuminata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuo-Lin Ying
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Jie Li
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
| | - Hong Dang
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
| | - Feng Wang
- Experimental Research Center, Shanghai First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Yan Xu
- Experimental Research Center, Shanghai First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
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19
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Abdallah M, Lotfi R, Othman W, Galal R. Assessment of tissue FoxP3+, CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells in active and stable nonsegmental vitiligo. Int J Dermatol 2014; 53:940-6. [PMID: 24527781 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.12160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The exact etiology of vitiligo remains obscure. Studies have indicated a role for cellular immunity in the pathogenesis of vitiligo. The aim of this study is to assess tissue FoxP3+ natural regulatory T-cells (Tregs), as well as CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells in active vs. stable nonsegmental vitiligo. MATERIALS AND METHODS Immunohistochemical double-staining for expression of CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells with immunostaining for expression of FoxP3 in lesional, marginal, and nonlesional skin of nonsegmental vitiligo was used to evaluate the abundance of Tregs among CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells in active and stable cases of vitiligo. RESULTS A significant increase in the number of CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells and a highly significant reduction in the number of FoxP3-expressing Tregs were detected in marginal skin in both stable and active vitiligo cases. FoxP3+ cells were decreased in tissue of patients with vitiligo compared with healthy controls. The number of CD8+ T-cells was increased in the epidermis and dermoepidermal junction (DEJ) in comparison with the number of CD4+ T-cells. Tregs were mostly present at the DEJ. CONCLUSION The reduction in the number of FoxP3+ cells in the marginal skin suggests that this is the site where regulatory activity is needed to suppress the activity of helper and cytotoxic T-cells that are actively contributing to depigmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Abdallah
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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20
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Connolly K, Manders P, Earls P, Epstein RJ. Papillomavirus-associated squamous skin cancers following transplant immunosuppression: one Notch closer to control. Cancer Treat Rev 2013; 40:205-14. [PMID: 24051018 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2013.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2013] [Revised: 07/06/2013] [Accepted: 08/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The frequent occurrence of cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) containing weakly tumorigenic human papillomaviruses (HPVs) following iatrogenic immunosuppression for organ transplantation remains incompletely understood. Here we address this problem in the light of recent insights into (1) the association of low-risk β-HPVs with skin SCCs in the rare genetic syndromes of epidermodysplasia verruciformis and xeroderma pigmentosum, (2) the frequent recovery of post-transplant tumor control on substituting calcineurin-inhibitory with mTOR-inhibitory immunosuppression, (3) the unexpectedly favorable prognosis of node-positive SCCs containing high-risk α-HPVs originating in the activated immune niche of the oropharynx, (4) the rapid occurrence of HPV-negative SCCs in ultraviolet (UV)-damaged skin of melanoma patients receiving Raf-inhibitory drugs, and (5) the selective ability of β-HPV E6 oncoproteins to inhibit Notch tumor-suppressive signaling in cutaneous and mesenchymal tissues. The crosstalk so implied between oncogenic UV-induced mutations, defective host immunity, and β-HPV-dependent stromal-epithelial signaling suggests that immunosuppressants such as calcineurin inhibitors intensify mitogenic signalling in TP53-mutant keratinocytes while also abrogating immune-dependent Notch-mediated tumor repression. This emerging interplay between solar damage, viral homeostasis and immune control makes it timely to reappraise strategies for managing skin SCCs in transplant patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Connolly
- Department of Oncology, St. Vincent's Hospital, The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, UNSW Clinical School, Sydney, Australia
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21
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Sung JH, Ahn EJ, Oh HK, Park SH. Association of immune status with recurrent anal condylomata in human immunodeficiency virus-positive patients. JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF COLOPROCTOLOGY 2012; 28:294-8. [PMID: 23346507 PMCID: PMC3548143 DOI: 10.3393/jksc.2012.28.6.294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2012] [Accepted: 10/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Purpose An anal condyloma is a proliferative disease of the genital epithelium caused by the human papillomavirus. This condition is most commonly seen in male homosexuals and is frequently recurrent. Some reports have suggested that immunosuppression is a risk factor for recurrence of a condyloma. Thus, we investigated the risk factors for a recurrent anal condyloma in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive patients. Methods We retrospectively analyzed 85 consecutive patients who were diagnosed with and underwent surgery for an anal condyloma from January 2007 to December 2011. Outcomes were analyzed based clinical and immunologic data. Results Recurrent anal condylomata were found in 25 patients (29.4%). Ten cases (40.0%) were within postoperative 3 months. At postoperative 6 months, the CD4 lymphocyte count in the recurrent group was lower than it was in the nonrecurrent group (P = 0.023). Conclusion CD4-mediated immunosuppression is a risk factor for recurrent anal condylomata in HIV-positive patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hyun Sung
- Department of Surgery, National Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
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22
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Blomberg M, Friis S, Munk C, Bautz A, Kjaer SK. Genital warts and risk of cancer: a Danish study of nearly 50 000 patients with genital warts. J Infect Dis 2012; 205:1544-53. [PMID: 22427679 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jis228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We conducted a large national cohort study to examine the risk of cancer among men and women with genital warts (GW). METHODS By use of the Danish National Patient Register, we identified 16,155 men and 32,933 women who received a diagnosis of GW during 1978-2008. Standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) were computed as estimates of the relative risk of specific cancers or sites. RESULTS A diagnosis of GW was strongly related to anal (SIR for men, 21.5; SIR for women, 7.8), vulvar (SIR, 14.8), vaginal (SIR, 5.9), cervical (SIR, 1.5), penile (SIR, 8.2), and head and neck cancer (SIR, 2.8), including subsites of head and neck cancer with confirmed HPV association (SIR for men, 3.5; SIR for women, 4.8). The risks remained elevated for >10 years following GW diagnosis. In addition, we found moderately increased SIR estimates for nonmelanoma skin cancer, smoking-related cancers, and Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphoma. CONCLUSIONS Individuals with GW have a long-term increased risk of anogenital cancers and head and neck cancers. The elevated risks of nonmelanoma skin cancers might indicate an association with HPV, while excess risks of other cancers could point to differences in other risk factors between individuals with GW and the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Blomberg
- Institute of Cancer Epidemiology, Danish Cancer Society, Denmark
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23
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Lymphangiectases Are Common Underlying Warts and in Normal Peritumoral Skin: Histologic Evidence of Decreased Immune Surveillance. Am J Dermatopathol 2011; 33:152-60. [DOI: 10.1097/dad.0b013e3181ef2d65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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24
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Kwong BY, Roberts SJ, Silberzahn T, Filler RB, Neustadter JH, Galan A, Reddy S, Lin WM, Ellis PD, Langford CF, Hayday AC, Girardi M. Molecular analysis of tumor-promoting CD8+ T cells in two-stage cutaneous chemical carcinogenesis. J Invest Dermatol 2010; 130:1726-36. [PMID: 19924136 PMCID: PMC2920801 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2009.362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
T-pro are tumor-infiltrating TCRalphabeta(+)CD8(+) cells of reduced cytotoxic potential that promote experimental two-stage chemical cutaneous carcinogenesis. Toward understanding their mechanism of action, this study uses whole-genome expression analysis to compare T-pro with systemic CD8(+) T cells from multiple groups of tumor-bearing mice. T-pro show an overt T helper 17-like profile (high retinoic acid-related orphan receptor-(ROR)gammat, IL-17A, IL-17F; low T-bet and eomesodermin), regulatory potential (high FoxP3, IL-10, Tim-3), and transcripts encoding epithelial growth factors (amphiregulin, Gro-1, Gro-2). Tricolor flow cytometry subsequently confirmed the presence of TCRbeta(+) CD8(+) IL-17(+) T cells among tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). Moreover, a time-course analysis of independent TIL isolates from papillomas versus carcinomas exposed a clear association of the "T-pro phenotype" with malignant progression. This molecular characterization of T-pro builds a foundation for elucidating the contributions of inflammation to cutaneous carcinogenesis, and may provide useful biomarkers for cancer immunotherapy in which the widely advocated use of tumor-specific CD8(+) cytolytic T cells should perhaps accommodate the cells' potential corruption toward the T-pro phenotype. The data are also likely germane to psoriasis, in which the epidermis may be infiltrated by CD8(+) IL-17-producing T cells.
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MESH Headings
- 9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene/adverse effects
- Amphiregulin
- Animals
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/pathology
- Cell Differentiation
- Disease Models, Animal
- EGF Family of Proteins
- Forkhead Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Glycoproteins/metabolism
- Hepatitis A Virus Cellular Receptor 2
- Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/metabolism
- Interleukin-10/metabolism
- Interleukin-17/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/metabolism
- Receptors, Virus/metabolism
- Skin Neoplasms/chemically induced
- Skin Neoplasms/metabolism
- Skin Neoplasms/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernice Y. Kwong
- Department of Dermatology and Skin Diseases Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Scott J. Roberts
- Department of Dermatology and Skin Diseases Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Tobias Silberzahn
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, King’s College London School of Medicine at Guy’s Hospital, London, UK
| | - Renata B. Filler
- Department of Dermatology and Skin Diseases Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Jason H. Neustadter
- Department of Dermatology and Skin Diseases Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Anjela Galan
- Department of Dermatology and Skin Diseases Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Swapna Reddy
- Department of Dermatology and Skin Diseases Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - William M. Lin
- Department of Dermatology and Skin Diseases Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Peter D. Ellis
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Cordelia F. Langford
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Adrian C. Hayday
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, King’s College London School of Medicine at Guy’s Hospital, London, UK
- London Research Institute, Cancer Research UK, London, UK
| | - Michael Girardi
- Department of Dermatology and Skin Diseases Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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25
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Klarquist J, Denman CJ, Hernandez C, Wainwright DA, Wainwright DJ, Strickland FM, Overbeck A, Mehrotra S, Nishimura MI, Le Poole IC. Reduced skin homing by functional Treg in vitiligo. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2010; 23:276-86. [PMID: 20175879 DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-148x.2010.00688.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In human vitiligo, cutaneous depigmentation involves cytotoxic activity of autoreactive T cells. It was hypothesized that depigmentation can progress in the absence of regulatory T cells (Treg). The percentage of Treg among skin infiltrating T cells was evaluated by immunoenzymatic double staining for CD3 and FoxP3, revealing drastically reduced numbers of Treg in non-lesional, perilesional and lesional vitiligo skin. Assessment of the circulating Treg pool by FACS analysis of CD4, CD25, CD127 and FoxP3 expression, and mixed lymphocyte reactions in presence and absence of sorted Treg revealed no systemic drop in the abundance or activity of Treg in vitiligo patients. Expression of skin homing receptors CCR4, CCR5, CCR8 and CLA was comparable among circulating vitiligo and control Treg. Treg from either source were equally capable of migrating towards CCR4 ligand and skin homing chemokine CCL22, yet significantly reduced expression of CCL22 in vitiligo skin observed by immunohistochemistry may explain failure of circulating, functional Treg to home to the skin in vitiligo. The paucity of Treg in vitiligo skin is likely crucial for perpetual anti-melanocyte reactivity in progressive disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared Klarquist
- Departments of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology/Oncology Institute, Loyola University Chicago, IL, USA
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