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Dong W, Wang H, Li M, Li P, Ji S. Virus-induced host genomic remodeling dysregulates gene expression, triggering tumorigenesis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1359766. [PMID: 38572321 PMCID: PMC10987825 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1359766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Virus-induced genomic remodeling and altered gene expression contribute significantly to cancer development. Some oncogenic viruses such as Human papillomavirus (HPV) specifically trigger certain cancers by integrating into the host's DNA, disrupting gene regulation linked to cell growth and migration. The effect can be through direct integration of viral genomes into the host genome or through indirect modulation of host cell pathways/proteins by viral proteins. Viral proteins also disrupt key cellular processes like apoptosis and DNA repair by interacting with host molecules, affecting signaling pathways. These disruptions lead to mutation accumulation and tumorigenesis. This review focuses on recent studies exploring virus-mediated genomic structure, altered gene expression, and epigenetic modifications in tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixia Dong
- Department of Basic Medicine, Zhengzhou Shuqing Medical College, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Huiqin Wang
- Department of Basic Medicine, Zhengzhou Shuqing Medical College, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Menghui Li
- Department of Basic Medicine, Zhengzhou Shuqing Medical College, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Basic Medicine, Zhengzhou Shuqing Medical College, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Shaoping Ji
- Department of Basic Medicine, Zhengzhou Shuqing Medical College, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical School, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
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2
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Okayama K, Kakinuma M, Teruya K, Oda M, Fujii M, Kimura H, Sasagawa T, Okodo M. Predictive Value of Various Atypical Cells for the Detection of Human Papillomavirus in Cervical Smears. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1212. [PMID: 38279211 PMCID: PMC10816237 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024] Open
Abstract
It is thought that numerous genotypes of human papillomavirus (HPV) are associated with various atypical cells, such as multinucleated cells, koilocytes, binucleated cells, parakeratotic cells, and giant cells, in the cervix. We previously showed the specificity of HPV genotypes for koilocytes and multinucleated cells. Therefore, in this study, we analyzed the association among HPV genotypes and binucleated cells, parakeratotic cells, and giant cells in Papanicolaou (Pap) smears. We detected HPV genotypes and atypical cells in 651 cases of liquid-based cytology with an abnormal Pap smear. The HPV genotypes associated with atypical cells were evaluated using stepwise logistic regression with backward elimination and a likelihood ratio test for model construction. Polymerase chain reaction was used to determine the HPV genotypes in whole liquid-based cytology samples and microdissected cell samples from Pap smear slides. Binucleated cells were significantly associated with HPV genotype 42. Moreover, parakeratotic cells were significantly associated with certain HPV genotypes, such as HPV40. However, it was difficult to detect specific HPV genotypes by the manual microdissection-polymerase chain reaction method despite the presence of binucleated cells and parakeratotic cells. Thus, the presence of binucleated cells, parakeratotic cells, and giant cells in Pap smears may not be predictive of cervical lesions above low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions or infection with highly carcinogenic HPV genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaori Okayama
- Department of Health Science, Gunma Paz University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 1-7-1 Tonyamachi, Takasaki-shi 370-0006, Gunma, Japan
| | - Mao Kakinuma
- Department of Health Science, Gunma Paz University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 1-7-1 Tonyamachi, Takasaki-shi 370-0006, Gunma, Japan
| | - Koji Teruya
- Department of Health and Welfare, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kyorin University, 5-4-1 Shimorenjaku, Mitaka-shi 181-8621, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mizue Oda
- Genki Plaza Medical Center for Health Care, 3-6-5 Iidabashi, Chiyoda-ku 102-0072, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiko Fujii
- Genki Plaza Medical Center for Health Care, 3-6-5 Iidabashi, Chiyoda-ku 102-0072, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kyorin University, 5-4-1 Shimorenjaku, Mitaka-shi 181-8621, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Kimura
- Department of Health Science, Gunma Paz University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 1-7-1 Tonyamachi, Takasaki-shi 370-0006, Gunma, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Sasagawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kanazawa Medical University, 1-1 Uchinadadaigaku, Kahoku-gun 920-0293, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Mitsuaki Okodo
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kyorin University, 5-4-1 Shimorenjaku, Mitaka-shi 181-8621, Tokyo, Japan
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Okada PA, Mitrat S, Rojanawiwat A. External quality assessment program for human papillomaviruses DNA testing in Thailand. Pract Lab Med 2024; 38:e00352. [PMID: 38292923 PMCID: PMC10825476 DOI: 10.1016/j.plabm.2023.e00352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Since 2020, the National Health Security Office includes the human papillomavirus DNA testing for cervical cancer screening in the government's healthcare schemes. HPV DNA testing has become primary screening in many laboratories in Thailand. External quality assurance scheme is crucial for assessment of laboratory performance. Objectives The aim of this study was to develop a pilot program using LBC samples for the EQA of molecular methods and to review the methods used by participants to detect the presence of high risk HPV genotypes. Study design Four pilot distributions were shipped between December 2021 and May 2023, six months apart of two panels, each consisting of five different specimens. Results All participants achieved 100 % accuracy in correctly identifying the presence or absence of high-risk genotypes in all 5 EQA samples. The most used HPV DNA test for detecting the presence of high-risk HPV DNA was the two specific high-risk genotypes and 12 other high-risk HPV genotypes. There was an observed increase in the use of assays that could detect 14 HPV HR genotypes. It suggests expanding testing methods to include a broader range of high-risk HPV genotypes, which could improve the comprehensiveness of the testing. Conclusions The HPV DNA testing scheme provides a standardised, homogeneous and characterised clinical specimen. These results indicate that the LBC samples are suitable for utilisation in an EQA scheme. EQA of HPV molecular screening programme is essential for monitoring the performance of laboratory networks.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Suratchana Mitrat
- National Institute of Health, Department of Medical Sciences, Ministry of Public Health, Thailand
| | - Archawin Rojanawiwat
- National Institute of Health, Department of Medical Sciences, Ministry of Public Health, Thailand
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Bellott TR, Luz FB, Silva AKFD, Varella RB, Rochael MC, Pantaleão L. Merkel cell polyomavirus and its etiological relationship with skin tumors. An Bras Dermatol 2023; 98:737-749. [PMID: 37407331 PMCID: PMC10589487 DOI: 10.1016/j.abd.2023.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Viruses have been frequently identified in several human neoplasms, but the etiological role of these viruses in some tumors is still a matter of controversy. Polyomaviruses stand out among the main viruses with oncogenic capacity, specifically the Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV). Recent revisions in the taxonomy of polyomaviruses have divided the Polyomaviridae family into six genera, including 117 species, with a total of 14 currently known human-infecting species. Although the oncogenicity of polyomaviruses has been widely reported in the literature since 1950, the first description of a polyomavirus as an etiological agent of a neoplasm in humans was made only in 2008 with the description of MCPyV, present in approximately 80% of cases of Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC), with the integration of its genome to that of the tumor cells and tumor-specific mutations, and it is considered the etiological agent of this neoplasm since then. MCPyV has also been detected in keratinocyte carcinomas, such as basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma of the skin in individuals with and without immunosuppression. Data on the occurrence of oncogenic viruses potentially involved in oncogenesis, which cause persistence and tissue injury, related to the Merkel cell polyomavirus are still scarce, and the hypothesis that the Merkel cell polyomavirus may play a relevant role in the genesis of other cutaneous carcinomas in addition to MCC remains debatable. Therefore, the present study proposes to explore the current knowledge about the presence of MCPyV in keratinocyte carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago Rubim Bellott
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitário Antônio Pedro, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Flávio Barbosa Luz
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Universitário Antônio Pedro, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Rafael Brandão Varella
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Instituto Biomédico, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Mayra Carrijo Rochael
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitário Antônio Pedro, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Luciana Pantaleão
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitário Antônio Pedro, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
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Chappell DL, Sandhu PK, Wong JP, Bhatt AP, Liu X, Buhrlage SJ, Temple BRS, Major MB, Damania B. KSHV Viral Protein Kinase Interacts with USP9X to Modulate the Viral Lifecycle. J Virol 2023; 97:e0176322. [PMID: 36995092 PMCID: PMC10062123 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01763-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is the etiological agent of Kaposi sarcoma (KS), the plasmablastic form of multicentric Castleman's disease, and primary effusion lymphoma. In sub-Saharan Africa, KS is the most common HIV-related malignancy and one of the most common childhood cancers. Immunosuppressed patients, including HIV-infected patients, are more prone to KSHV-associated disease. KSHV encodes a viral protein kinase (vPK) that is expressed from ORF36. KSHV vPK contributes to the optimal production of infectious viral progeny and upregulation of protein synthesis. To elucidate the interactions of vPK with cellular proteins in KSHV-infected cells, we used a bottom-up proteomics approach and identified host protein ubiquitin-specific peptidase 9X-linked (USP9X) as a potential interactor of vPK. Subsequently, we validated this interaction using a co-immunoprecipitation assay. We report that both the ubiquitin-like and the catalytic domains of USP9X are important for association with vPK. To uncover the biological relevance of the USP9X/vPK interaction, we investigated whether the knockdown of USP9X would modulate viral reactivation. Our data suggest that depletion of USP9X inhibits both viral reactivation and the production of infectious virions. Understanding how USP9X influences the reactivation of KSHV will provide insights into how cellular deubiquitinases regulate viral kinase activity and how viruses co-opt cellular deubiquitinases to propagate infection. Hence, characterizing the roles of USP9X and vPK during KSHV infection constitutes a first step toward identifying a potentially critical interaction that could be targeted by future therapeutics. IMPORTANCE Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is the etiological agent of Kaposi sarcoma (KS), the plasmablastic form of multicentric Castleman's disease, and primary effusion lymphoma. In sub-Saharan Africa, KS is the most common HIV-related malignancy. KSHV encodes a viral protein kinase (vPK) that aids viral replication. To elucidate the interactions of vPK with cellular proteins in KSHV-infected cells, we used an affinity purification approach and identified host protein ubiquitin-specific peptidase 9X-linked (USP9X) as a potential interactor of vPK. Depletion of USP9X inhibits both viral reactivation and the production of infectious virions. Overall, our data suggest a proviral role for USP9X.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle L. Chappell
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Praneet K. Sandhu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jason P. Wong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Aadra P. Bhatt
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Xiaoxi Liu
- Department of Cancer Biology and the Linde Program in Cancer Chemical Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sara J. Buhrlage
- Department of Cancer Biology and the Linde Program in Cancer Chemical Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Brenda R. S. Temple
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- R. L. Juliano Structural Bioinformatics Core Facility, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Center for Structural Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - M. Ben Major
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Blossom Damania
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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Marti-Marti I, Bosch-Amate X, Morgado-Carrasco D, Albero-González R, Santos-Briz A, Puebla-Tornero L, Revelles-Peñas L, Cañueto J, Alòs L, Toll A. High-risk mucosal human papillomavirus-associated squamous cell carcinoma of the fingers presents distinctive clinicopathological characteristics and outcomes: a bicentric retrospective study. Clin Exp Dermatol 2023; 48:211-217. [PMID: 36763739 DOI: 10.1093/ced/llac086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High-risk mucosal human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) seems to play a role in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC), particularly in nail tumours, where genitodigital transmission has been suggested. The role of HR-HPV in nonungual cSCC of the finger needs to be clarified. AIM To evaluate the prevalence, clinicopathological characteristics, surrogates and outcomes of HR-HPV in cSCC of the finger. METHODS This was an observational bicentric study including patients with an excised in situ or invasive cSCC located on the finger. Differences in HR-HPV and non-HR-HPV tumours were evaluated. RESULTS Forty-five patients (45 tumours) were included. HR-HPV was detected in 33% of cases (22% HPV type 16). The mean age was lower in patients with HR-HPV than in those with non-HR-HPV (62·4 vs. 81·1 years, P = 0·001). HR-HPV tumours were smaller (10 mm vs. 15 mm, P = 0·07) and more frequently intraepidermal (60% vs. 20%, P = 0·004). The absence of elastosis (P = 0·030) and inflammation (P = 0·026) and the presence of basaloid morphology (P = 0·003) were surrogates of HR-HPV detection. Mean p16 positivity was 61% in HR-HPV and 36% in non-HR-HPV tumours (P = 0·061). Recurrence after surgery was more common in HR-HPV tumours (58% vs. 34%), although this was not statistically significant. HR-HPV was detected in 27% of the nonungual tumours. CONCLUSION HR-HPV-associated cSCC of the finger appears in younger patients, is smaller and is less infiltrative than non-HR-HPV tumours. The presence of a basaloid morphology and the absence of elastosis and inflammation could be used as markers for HR-HPV detection. The high prevalence of HR-HPV in nonungual cSCC suggests its aetiopathogenic role in these tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Raquel Albero-González
- Pathology, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain and Departments of
| | | | | | | | - Javier Cañueto
- Pathology, Complejo Asistencial Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Llúcia Alòs
- Pathology, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain and Departments of
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7
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Ciccarese G, Drago F, Broccolo F, Pastorino A, Pizzatti L, Atzori L, Pilloni L, Santinelli D, Urbani A, Parodi A, Tomasini C, Rongioletti F. Oncoviruses and melanomas: A retrospective study and literature review. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e27924. [PMID: 35695214 PMCID: PMC9796782 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.27924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The role of human oncoviruses in melanoma has been poorly investigated. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between oncoviruses and melanomas searching for human papillomavirus (HPV), Epstein Barr virus (EBV), and human herpesvirus 8DNA in melanoma specimens. Formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissue specimens of cutaneous, mucosal, and ocular melanomas (OM) were selected from the Pathology Departments of the Galliera Hospital (Genoa) and the University Hospitals of Turin and Cagliari. Cutaneous and mucosal nevi have been collected as controls. The oncoviruses search has been performed with different polymerase chain reaction reagent kits. Fifty-four melanomas (25 mucosal, 12 ocular, and 17 cutaneous) and 26 nevi (15 cutaneous and 11 mucosal) specimens were selected. The detection rate for one of the investigated oncoviruses was 17% in mucosal, 20% in ocular, and 0% in cutaneous melanomas (CMs). Despite the differences between groups seeming remarkable, there was no statistical significance (p > 0.5). Our data do not support a primary role of oncoviruses in melanoma carcinogenesis; however, the finding of HPV and EBV DNA in a considerable fraction of mucosal and OMs suggests that these viruses may act as cofactors in the development of extra-CMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Ciccarese
- Dermatology Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San MartinoGenoaItaly
| | - Francesco Drago
- Dermatology Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San MartinoGenoaItaly
| | - Francesco Broccolo
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, School of MedicineUniversity of Milano‐BicoccaMonzaItaly,Laboratory Cerba HealthCareMilanoItaly
| | | | - Laura Pizzatti
- Dermatology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences and Public HealthUniversity of CagliariCagliariItaly
| | - Laura Atzori
- Dermatology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences and Public HealthUniversity of CagliariCagliariItaly
| | - Luca Pilloni
- Pathology Service, Department of Medical Sciences and Public HealthUniversity of CagliariCagliariItaly
| | | | | | - Aurora Parodi
- Dermatology Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San MartinoGenoaItaly
| | - Carlo Tomasini
- Dermatology Clinic, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San MatteoPaviaItaly,Department of Clinical‐Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric SciencesUniversity of PaviaPaviaItaly
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Ottmann M. [These viruses that inhabit and visit us: The human virome]. Med Sci (Paris) 2022; 38:1028-1038. [PMID: 36692282 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/2022161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in new sequencing technologies have opened the way to the deciphering of human virome. So far, human virome is defined as the complete list of viruses found in human body. Those viruses could be endogenous, prokaryotic, archaeal and eukaryotic. In addition, each compartment of the human body constitutes a different microenvironment with its own virome. Viral infections can be categorized according to the outcome of the acute phase and until recently, only symptomatic and pathological infections were studied. It is now well established that a healthy person has an extremely diverse virome. This review summarizes the current state of our knowledge and also proposes another classification of the human virome based on principles of ecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michèle Ottmann
- Centre international de recherche en infectiologie (CIRI), université Claude Bernard-Lyon 1, université de Lyon, Inserm U1111 - CNRS UMR 5308 - ENS, Laboratoire de virologie et pathologies humaines, Faculté de médecine RTH Laennec, 7 rue Guillaume Paradin, 69372 Lyon cedex 08, France
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9
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Yang A, Wijaya WA, Yang L, He Y, Cen Y, Chen J. The impact of merkel cell polyomavirus positivity on prognosis of merkel cell carcinoma: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1020805. [PMID: 36248985 PMCID: PMC9562919 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1020805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction There are numerous findings over the past decade have indicated that Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) may have two pathways of pathogenesis: one related to ultraviolet irradiation and the other to the Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV). However, the predictive and clinicopathological value of MCPyV positivity in MCC patients is still debatable. This article aims to examine the most recent data regarding this issue. Methods The thorough literature searches were conducted in the Medline Ovid, PubMed, Web of Science, the Cochrane CENTRAL Databases, and Embase Databases until December 31, 2021. The associations between overall survival (OS), Merkel cell carcinoma-specific survival (MSS), recurrence-free survival (RFS), progression-free survival (PFS), clinicopathologic features, and MCPyV positivity were examined in our meta-analysis. Results This meta-analysis included a total of 14 studies involving 1595 patients. Our findings demonstrated a significant correlation between MCPyV positivity and improved OS (HR=0.61, 95%CI:0.39-0.94, P=0.026) and improved PFS (HR=0.61, 95% CI: 0.45-0.83, P=0.002). MCPyV positivity did not, however, appear to be associated with either MSS (HR=0.61, 95%CI: 0.28-1.32, P=0.209) or RFS (HR= 0.93, 95%CI: 0.37-2.34, P=0.873). Pooled results revealed a correlation between MCPyV positivity with gender (male vs. female, OR=0.606, 95%CI: 0.449-0.817, P=0.001), histopathological stage (AJCC I-II vs. III-IV, OR=1.636, 95%CI: 1.126-2.378, P=0.010) and primary site (head and neck vs. other sites, OR=0.409, 95%CI: 0.221-0.757, P=0.004). Conclusion These results imply that MCPyV positivity may present a promising predictive biomarker for human MCC and call for further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimin Yang
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wilson Adrian Wijaya
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lei Yang
- West China School of Stomatology Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yinhai He
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ying Cen
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Ying Cen, ; Junjie Chen,
| | - Junjie Chen
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Ying Cen, ; Junjie Chen,
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10
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Sufianova G, Gareev I, Beylerli O, Wu J, Shumadalova A, Sufianov A, Chen X, Zhao S. Modern aspects of the use of natural polyphenols in tumor prevention and therapy. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:1011435. [PMID: 36172282 PMCID: PMC9512088 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1011435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyphenols are secondary plant metabolites or organic compounds synthesized by them. In other words, these are molecules that are found in plants. Due to the wide variety of polyphenols and the plants in which they are found, these compounds are divided according to the source of origin, the function of the polyphenols, and their chemical structure; where the main ones are flavonoids. All the beneficial properties of polyphenols have not yet been studied, since this group of substances is very extensive and diverse. However, most polyphenols are known to be powerful antioxidants and have anti-inflammatory effects. Polyphenols help fight cell damage caused by free radicals and immune system components. In particular, polyphenols are credited with a preventive effect that helps protect the body from certain forms of cancer. The onset and progression of tumors may be related directly to oxidative stress, or inflammation. These processes can increase the amount of DNA damage and lead to loss of control over cell division. A number of studies have shown that oxidative stress uncontrolled by antioxidants or an uncontrolled and prolonged inflammatory process increases the risk of developing sarcoma, melanoma, and breast, lung, liver, and prostate cancer. Therefore, a more in-depth study of the effect of polyphenolic compounds on certain signaling pathways that determine the complex cascade of oncogenesis is a promising direction in the search for new methods for the prevention and treatment of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galina Sufianova
- Department of Pharmacology, Tyumen State Medical University, Tyumen, Russia
| | - Ilgiz Gareev
- Educational and Scientific Institute of Neurosurgery, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Ozal Beylerli
- Educational and Scientific Institute of Neurosurgery, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Jianing Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Alina Shumadalova
- Department of General Chemistry, Bashkir State Medical University, Ufa, Russia
| | - Albert Sufianov
- Educational and Scientific Institute of Neurosurgery, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
- *Correspondence: Albert Sufianov, ; Xin Chen, ; Shiguang Zhao,
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Neurosurgical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- *Correspondence: Albert Sufianov, ; Xin Chen, ; Shiguang Zhao,
| | - Shiguang Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Neurosurgical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- *Correspondence: Albert Sufianov, ; Xin Chen, ; Shiguang Zhao,
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Baj J, Forma A, Dudek I, Chilimoniuk Z, Dobosz M, Dobrzyński M, Teresiński G, Buszewicz G, Flieger J, Portincasa P. The Involvement of Human Papilloma Virus in Gastrointestinal Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14112607. [PMID: 35681587 PMCID: PMC9179480 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14112607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections worldwide. HPV infection has a strong relationship with the onset of cervix uteri, vagina, penis, anus, and oropharynx, but also tonsils and tongue cancers. Some epidemiological data indicate that except for gynecologic cancers, HPV infection can be one of the risk factors associated with a greater risk of induction and progression of gastrointestinal cancers. Data, however, remain contradictory and definite conclusions cannot be drawn, so far. The following review aims to organize recent evidence and summarize the current state of knowledge regarding the association between HPV infection and gastrointestinal tumors primarily focusing on esophageal, liver, gastric, colorectal, and anal cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Baj
- Department of Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 4, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
- Correspondence: (J.B.); (A.F.)
| | - Alicja Forma
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8b, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (I.D.); (Z.C.); (M.D.); (M.D.); (G.T.); (G.B.)
- Correspondence: (J.B.); (A.F.)
| | - Iga Dudek
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8b, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (I.D.); (Z.C.); (M.D.); (M.D.); (G.T.); (G.B.)
| | - Zuzanna Chilimoniuk
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8b, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (I.D.); (Z.C.); (M.D.); (M.D.); (G.T.); (G.B.)
| | - Maciej Dobosz
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8b, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (I.D.); (Z.C.); (M.D.); (M.D.); (G.T.); (G.B.)
| | - Michał Dobrzyński
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8b, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (I.D.); (Z.C.); (M.D.); (M.D.); (G.T.); (G.B.)
| | - Grzegorz Teresiński
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8b, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (I.D.); (Z.C.); (M.D.); (M.D.); (G.T.); (G.B.)
| | - Grzegorz Buszewicz
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8b, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (I.D.); (Z.C.); (M.D.); (M.D.); (G.T.); (G.B.)
| | - Jolanta Flieger
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4A, 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Piero Portincasa
- Clinica Medica “A. Murri”, Department of Biomedical Sciences & Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy;
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12
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Pietropaolo V, Prezioso C, Moens U. Role of Virus-Induced Host Cell Epigenetic Changes in Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22158346. [PMID: 34361112 PMCID: PMC8346956 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor viruses human T-lymphotropic virus 1 (HTLV-1), hepatitis C virus (HCV), Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV), high-risk human papillomaviruses (HR-HPVs), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpes virus (KSHV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) account for approximately 15% of all human cancers. Although the oncoproteins of these tumor viruses display no sequence similarity to one another, they use the same mechanisms to convey cancer hallmarks on the infected cell. Perturbed gene expression is one of the underlying mechanisms to induce cancer hallmarks. Epigenetic processes, including DNA methylation, histone modification and chromatin remodeling, microRNA, long noncoding RNA, and circular RNA affect gene expression without introducing changes in the DNA sequence. Increasing evidence demonstrates that oncoviruses cause epigenetic modifications, which play a pivotal role in carcinogenesis. In this review, recent advances in the role of host cell epigenetic changes in virus-induced cancers are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Pietropaolo
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, “Sapienza” University, 00185 Rome, Italy;
- Correspondence: (V.P.); (U.M.)
| | - Carla Prezioso
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, “Sapienza” University, 00185 Rome, Italy;
- IRCSS San Raffaele Roma, Microbiology of Chronic Neuro-Degenerative Pathologies, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Ugo Moens
- Molecular Inflammation Research Group, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø—The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
- Correspondence: (V.P.); (U.M.)
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13
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Rasheed K, Sveinbjørnsson B, Moens U. Reciprocal transactivation of Merkel cell polyomavirus and high-risk human papillomavirus promoter activities and increased expression of their oncoproteins. Virol J 2021; 18:139. [PMID: 34217322 PMCID: PMC8254899 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-021-01613-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Approximately 15% of human cancers are attributed to viruses. Numerous studies have shown that high-risk human polyomaviruses (HR-HPV) and Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV) are two human tumor viruses associated with anogenetal and oropharyngeal cancers, and with Merkel cell carcinoma, respectively. MCPyV has been found in HR-HPV positive anogenetal and oropharyngeal tumors, suggesting that MCPyV can act as a co-factor in HR-HPV induced oncogenesis. This prompted us to investigate whether the oncoproteins large T-antigen (LT) and small antigen (sT) of MCPyV could affect the transcriptional activity HPV16 and HPV18 and vice versa whether HPV16 and HPV18 E6 and E7 oncoproteins affected the expression of MCPyV LT and sT. Reciprocal stimulation of these viral oncoproteinscould enhance the oncogenic processes triggered by these tumor viruses. METHODS Transient co-transfection studies using a luciferase reporter plasmid with the long control region of HPV16 or HPV18, or the early or late promoter of MCPyV and expression plasmids for LT and sT, or E6 and E7, respectively were performed in the HPV-negative cervical cancer cell line C33A, in the keratinocyte cell line HaCaT, and in the oral squamous cell carcinoma cell line HSC-3. Transfections were also performed with deletion mutants of all these promoters and with mutants of all four oncoproteins. Finally, the effect of E6 and E7 on LT and sT expression in the MCPyV-positive Merkel cell carcinoma cell line WaGa and the effect of LT and sT on the expression of E6 and E7 was monitored by Western blotting. RESULTS LT and sT stimulated the transcriptional activity of the HPV16 and HPV18 LCR and v.v. E6 and E7 potentiated the MCPyV early and late promoter in all cell lines. Induction by E6 and E7 was p53- and pRb-independent, and transactivation by LT did not require DNA binding, nuclear localization and HSC70/pRb interaction, whereas sT stimulated the HPV16/18 LCR activity in a PP2A- and DnaJ-independent manner. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that the co-infection of MCPyV may act as a co-factor in the initiation and/or progression of HPV-induced cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kashif Rasheed
- Molecular Inflammation Research Group, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, The Arctic University of Norway, 9037, Tromsø, Norway.,Institute for Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU Trondheim, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Baldur Sveinbjørnsson
- Molecular Inflammation Research Group, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, The Arctic University of Norway, 9037, Tromsø, Norway.,Childhood Cancer Research Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, 1176, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ugo Moens
- Molecular Inflammation Research Group, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, The Arctic University of Norway, 9037, Tromsø, Norway.
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14
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Mazziotta C, Lanzillotti C, Torreggiani E, Oton-Gonzalez L, Iaquinta MR, Mazzoni E, Gaboriaud P, Touzé A, Silvagni E, Govoni M, Martini F, Tognon M, Rotondo JC. Serum Antibodies Against the Oncogenic Merkel Cell Polyomavirus Detected by an Innovative Immunological Assay With Mimotopes in Healthy Subjects. Front Immunol 2021; 12:676627. [PMID: 34168646 PMCID: PMC8217635 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.676627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV), a small DNA tumor virus, has been detected in Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) and in normal tissues. Since MCPyV infection occurs in both MCC-affected patients and healthy subjects (HS), innovative immunoassays for detecting antibodies (abs) against MCPyV are required. Herein, sera from HS were analyzed with a novel indirect ELISA using two synthetic peptides mimicking MCPyV capsid protein epitopes of VP1 and VP2. Synthetic peptides were designed to recognize IgGs against MCPyV VP mimotopes using a computer-assisted approach. The assay was set up evaluating its performance in detecting IgGs anti-MCPyV on MCPyV-positive (n=65) and -negative (n=67) control sera. Then, the ELISA was extended to sera (n=548) from HS aged 18-65 yrs old. Age-specific MCPyV-seroprevalence was investigated. Performance evaluation indicated that the assay showed 80% sensitivity, 91% specificity and 83.9% accuracy, with positive and negative predictive values of 94.3% and 71%, respectively. The ratio expected/obtained data agreement was 86%, with a Cohen's kappa of 0.72. Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curves analysis indicated that the areas under the curves (AUCs) for the two peptides were 0.82 and 0.74, respectively. Intra-/inter-run variations were below 9%. The overall prevalence of serum IgGs anti-MCPyV in HS was 62.9% (345/548). Age-specific MCPyV-seroprevalence was 63.1% (82/130), 56.7% (68/120), 64.5% (91/141), and 66.2% (104/157) in HS aged 18-30, 31-40, 41-50 and 51-65 yrs old, respectively (p>0.05). Performance evaluation suggests that our indirect ELISA is reliable in detecting IgGs anti-MCPyV. Our immunological data indicate that MCPyV infection occurs asymptomatically, at a relatively high prevalence, in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Mazziotta
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | | | - Elena Torreggiani
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | | | | | - Elisa Mazzoni
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Pauline Gaboriaud
- ISP “Biologie des infections à polyomavirus” Team, UMR INRA 1282, University of Tours, Tours, France
| | - Antoine Touzé
- ISP “Biologie des infections à polyomavirus” Team, UMR INRA 1282, University of Tours, Tours, France
| | - Ettore Silvagni
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Marcello Govoni
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Fernanda Martini
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Mauro Tognon
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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15
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Soheili M, Keyvani H, Soheili M, Nasseri S. Human papilloma virus: A review study of epidemiology, carcinogenesis, diagnostic methods, and treatment of all HPV-related cancers. Med J Islam Repub Iran 2021; 35:65. [PMID: 34277502 PMCID: PMC8278030 DOI: 10.47176/mjiri.35.65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is considered as the most common viral sexually transmitted infection worldwide. This poses an increasingly interdisciplinary medical challenge. Since there is vast scattered information in databases about HPV and the correlated diseases, we decided to collect useful data so that the experts can get a more comprehensive view of HPV. Methods: In this article, HPV-associated diseases, prevalence, prevention, and new treatments are discussed. The retrieved articles reporting the latest data about the required information for our review were selected through searching in Web of Science, Scopus, Medline (PubMed), EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Ovid, and CINHAL with language limitations of English and German. Results: There are 2 groups of HPVs: (1) low-risk HPV types that can lead to genital warts, and (2) high-risk HPV types that are involved in HPV-associated oncogenesis. About 70% of all sexually active women are infected and most of these infections heal within many weeks or months. In the case of HPV-persistence, a risk of preneoplasia or carcinoma exists. These types of viruses are responsible for the existence of genitoanal, gastrointestinal, urinary tract, and head and neck tumors. There is still no definite successful treatment. The detection of HPV-related condylomata occurs macroscopically in women and men, and the diagnosis of the precursors of cervical carcinoma in women is possible by Pap smear. Conclusion: For extragenital manifestations, there is no structured early detection program. Meanwhile, studies on HPV vaccines confirm that they should be used for the primary prevention of HPV-dependent diseases. However, we need more research to find out the real advantages and disadvantages of vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Soheili
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, Canada
| | - Hossein Keyvani
- Department of Medical Virology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marzieh Soheili
- Faculty of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
- Human Revivification Society of Congress 60, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sherko Nasseri
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
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16
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Suares A, Medina MV, Coso O. Autophagy in Viral Development and Progression of Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:603224. [PMID: 33763351 PMCID: PMC7982729 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.603224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a complex degradative process by which eukaryotic cells capture cytoplasmic components for subsequent degradation through lysosomal hydrolases. Although this catabolic process can be triggered by a great variety of stimuli, action in cells varies according to cellular context. Autophagy has been previously linked to disease development modulation, including cancer. Autophagy helps suppress cancer cell advancement in tumor transformation early stages, while promoting proliferation and metastasis in advanced settings. Oncoviruses are a particular type of virus that directly contribute to cell transformation and tumor development. Extensive molecular studies have revealed complex ways in which autophagy can suppress or improve oncovirus fitness while still regulating viral replication and determining host cell fate. This review includes recent advances in autophagic cellular function and emphasizes its antagonistic role in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Suares
- Departamento de Fisiología y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Victoria Medina
- Departamento de Fisiología y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Omar Coso
- Departamento de Fisiología y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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17
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Suares A, Medina MV, Coso O. Autophagy in Viral Development and Progression of Cancer. Front Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.603224
expr 816899697 + 824303767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a complex degradative process by which eukaryotic cells capture cytoplasmic components for subsequent degradation through lysosomal hydrolases. Although this catabolic process can be triggered by a great variety of stimuli, action in cells varies according to cellular context. Autophagy has been previously linked to disease development modulation, including cancer. Autophagy helps suppress cancer cell advancement in tumor transformation early stages, while promoting proliferation and metastasis in advanced settings. Oncoviruses are a particular type of virus that directly contribute to cell transformation and tumor development. Extensive molecular studies have revealed complex ways in which autophagy can suppress or improve oncovirus fitness while still regulating viral replication and determining host cell fate. This review includes recent advances in autophagic cellular function and emphasizes its antagonistic role in cancer cells.
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18
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Intra-host changes in Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus genomes in Ugandan adults with Kaposi sarcoma. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1008594. [PMID: 33465147 PMCID: PMC7845968 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Intra-host tumor virus variants may influence the pathogenesis and treatment responses of some virally-associated cancers. However, the intra-host variability of Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV), the etiologic agent of Kaposi sarcoma (KS), has to date been explored with sequencing technologies that possibly introduce more errors than that which occurs in the viral population, and these studies have only studied variable regions. Here, full-length KSHV genomes in tumors and/or oral swabs from 9 Ugandan adults with HIV-associated KS were characterized. Furthermore, we used deep, short-read sequencing using duplex unique molecular identifiers (dUMI)–random double-stranded oligonucleotides that barcode individual DNA molecules before library amplification. This allowed suppression of PCR and sequencing errors to ~10−9/base as well as afforded accurate determination of KSHV genome numbers sequenced in each sample. KSHV genomes were assembled de novo, and rearrangements observed were confirmed by PCR and Sanger sequencing. 131-kb KSHV genome sequences, excluding major repeat regions, were successfully obtained from 23 clinical specimens, averaging 2.3x104 reads/base. Strikingly, KSHV genomes were virtually identical within individuals at the point mutational level. The intra-host heterogeneity that was observed was confined to tumor-associated KSHV mutations and genome rearrangements, all impacting protein-coding sequences. Although it is unclear whether these changes were important to tumorigenesis or occurred as a result of genomic instability in tumors, similar changes were observed across individuals. These included inactivation of the K8.1 gene in tumors of 3 individuals and retention of a region around the first major internal repeat (IR1) in all instances of genomic deletions and rearrangements. Notably, the same breakpoint junctions were found in distinct tumors within single individuals, suggesting metastatic spread of rearranged KSHV genomes. These findings define KSHV intra-host heterogeneity in vivo with greater precision than has been possible in the past and suggest the possibility that aberrant KSHV genomes may contribute to aspects of KS tumorigenesis. Furthermore, study of KSHV with use of dUMI provides a proof of concept for utilizing this technique for detailed study of other virus populations in vivo. Kaposi sarcoma (KS) is a leading cancer in sub-Saharan Africa and in persons with HIV co-infection. Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV, also referred to as human herpesvirus-8, or HHV-8) is the etiologic agent of KS, but the factors that contribute to the development of KS, which occurs in only a small subset of infected individuals, remain largely unknown. While strain differences or mutations in other tumor viruses are known to affect the risk and progression of their associated cancers, whether genetic variation in KSHV is important to the natural history of KS is unclear. Most studies of KSHV diversity have only characterized ~4% of its 165-kb genome, and the observed variation in some studies is likely to have been impacted by PCR or cloning artifacts. To precisely define genomic diversity of KSHV in vivo, we evaluated full-length viral genomes (except the internal repeat regions) using a technique that greatly lowers sequencing error rates and thus measures genomic diversity much more accurately than previous studies. In addition, we extended our analyses to look for potential tumor-specific changes in the KSHV genomes by examining viruses in both tumor and non-tumor tissues. To these ends, we performed highly sensitive, single-molecule sequencing of whole KSHV genomes in paired KS tumors and oral swabs from 9 individuals with KS. We found that KSHV genomes were virtually identical within the 9 individuals, with no evidence of quasispecies formation or multi-strain infection. However, KSHV genome aberrations and gene-inactivating mutations were found to be common in KS tumors, often impacting the same genes and genomic regions across individuals. Whether theses mutations influence KS tumorigenesis or result from genomic instability commonly found in tumors warrants further study. Lastly, aberrant KSHV genomes were found to be shared by distinct tumors within individuals, suggesting the capacity of KS tumor cells to metastasize and seed new lesions.
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19
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Namgoong S, Kim J, Jeong KM, Jeon J, Song HJ, Baek YS. Association of human papillomavirus and extra-genital Bowen disease (squamous cell carcinoma in situ): A systematic review. J Am Acad Dermatol 2020; 84:822-825. [PMID: 33010321 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2020.09.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sik Namgoong
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeyoung Kim
- Research Institute for Skin Image, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Muk Jeong
- Department of Dermatology, Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiehyun Jeon
- Department of Dermatology, Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Jun Song
- Department of Dermatology, Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoo Sang Baek
- Department of Dermatology, Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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20
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Niedźwiedzka-Rystwej P, Grywalska E, Hrynkiewicz R, Wołącewicz M, Becht R, Roliński J. The Double-Edged Sword Role of Viruses in Gastric Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12061680. [PMID: 32599870 PMCID: PMC7352989 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to its high morbidity and mortality, gastric cancer is a topic of a great concern throughout the world. Major ways of treatment are gastrectomy and chemotherapy, unfortunately they are not always successful. In a search for more efficient therapy strategies, viruses and their potential seem to be an important issue. On one hand, several oncogenic viruses have been noticed in the case of gastric cancer, making the positive treatment even more advantageous, but on the other, viruses exist with a potential therapeutic role in this malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Niedźwiedzka-Rystwej
- Institute of Biology, University of Szczecin, Felczaka 3c, 71-412 Szczecin, Poland; (R.H.); (M.W.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Ewelina Grywalska
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Immunotherapy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (E.G.); (J.R.)
| | - Rafał Hrynkiewicz
- Institute of Biology, University of Szczecin, Felczaka 3c, 71-412 Szczecin, Poland; (R.H.); (M.W.)
| | - Mikołaj Wołącewicz
- Institute of Biology, University of Szczecin, Felczaka 3c, 71-412 Szczecin, Poland; (R.H.); (M.W.)
| | - Rafał Becht
- Clinical Department of Oncology, Chemotherapy and Cancer Immunotherapy, Pomeranian Medical University of Szczecin, 70-204 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Jacek Roliński
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Immunotherapy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (E.G.); (J.R.)
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21
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Ingen-Housz-Oro S. Quoi de neuf en dermatologie clinique? Ann Dermatol Venereol 2019; 146:12S1-12S10. [DOI: 10.1016/s0151-9638(20)30100-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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22
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Moens U, Macdonald A. Effect of the Large and Small T-Antigens of Human Polyomaviruses on Signaling Pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20163914. [PMID: 31408949 PMCID: PMC6720190 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20163914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Viruses are intracellular parasites that require a permissive host cell to express the viral genome and to produce new progeny virus particles. However, not all viral infections are productive and some viruses can induce carcinogenesis. Irrespective of the type of infection (productive or neoplastic), viruses hijack the host cell machinery to permit optimal viral replication or to transform the infected cell into a tumor cell. One mechanism viruses employ to reprogram the host cell is through interference with signaling pathways. Polyomaviruses are naked, double-stranded DNA viruses whose genome encodes the regulatory proteins large T-antigen and small t-antigen, and structural proteins that form the capsid. The large T-antigens and small t-antigens can interfere with several host signaling pathways. In this case, we review the interplay between the large T-antigens and small t-antigens with host signaling pathways and the biological consequences of these interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ugo Moens
- Molecular Inflammation Research Group, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, 9019 Tromsø, Norway.
| | - Andrew Macdonald
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK.
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García-Lozano JA, Cárdenas-de la Garza JA, Cuellar-Barboza A, Ocampo-Candiani J, Garza-Cortés R, González-Ramírez RA. Vascular dermoscopic features of intrameatal warts. Australas J Dermatol 2019; 61:e70-e72. [PMID: 31304587 DOI: 10.1111/ajd.13113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- José Alberto García-Lozano
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo Leon, Servicio de Dermatologia, Facultad de Medicina y Hospital Universitario, Monterrey, NL, Mexico
| | | | - Adrian Cuellar-Barboza
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo Leon, Servicio de Dermatologia, Facultad de Medicina y Hospital Universitario, Monterrey, NL, Mexico
| | - Jorge Ocampo-Candiani
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo Leon, Servicio de Dermatologia, Facultad de Medicina y Hospital Universitario, Monterrey, NL, Mexico
| | - Roberto Garza-Cortés
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo Leon, Servicio de Urología, Facultad de Medicina y Hospital Universitario, Monterrey, NL, Mexico
| | - Roger Adrián González-Ramírez
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo Leon, Departamento de Introducción a la Clínica, Facultad de Medicina y Hospital Universitario, Monterrey, NL, Mexico.,Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Monterrey, NL, México
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