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Hu H, Deng N, Zhao X, Yi C, Wei W, Gong Y. API5-Hsp20 axis regulate apoptosis and viral infection in mud crab ( Scylla paramamosain). Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1323382. [PMID: 38143869 PMCID: PMC10739306 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1323382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis Inhibitor 5 (API5) is a widely concerned nuclear protein with diverse functions in organisms, so far, study of API5 is still quite limited in lower animals, and its role in viral immune response has not been addressed. Here, we explored the function of API5 in mud crab (Scylla paramamosain) during White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV) infection. The interacting protein Hsp20 of API5 was screened by pull-down assay, and API5 and hsp20 were knocked down by RNAi interference. The results showed that API5 was upregulated along with virus infection, silencing of API5 led to increased WSSV copy numbers and apoptotic rate of hemocytes, highlighting its significance in the immune response. Moreover, we discovered a novel interaction between API5 and Heat Shock Protein 20 (Hsp20), and then revealed that Hsp20 could promote cell apoptosis of hemocytes and reduce viral copy numbers by suppressing API5. The current study therefore improves the knowledge of API5-Hsp20 axis and provides novel insights into intricate mechanisms governing the antiviral response in marine crustaceans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Hu
- School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Resources and Utilization, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Nan Deng
- School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Resources and Utilization, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xinshan Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Resources and Utilization, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Cheng Yi
- School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Resources and Utilization, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Weiqian Wei
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Yi Gong
- School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Resources and Utilization, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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2
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Lu QB, Fu X, Liu Y, Wang ZC, Liu SY, Li YC, Sun HJ. Disrupted cardiac fibroblast BCAA catabolism contributes to diabetic cardiomyopathy via a periostin/NAP1L2/SIRT3 axis. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2023; 28:93. [PMID: 37993768 PMCID: PMC10666354 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-023-00510-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Periostin is an extracellular matrix protein that plays a critical role in cell fate determination and tissue remodeling, but the underlying role and mechanism of periostin in diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) are far from clear. Thus, we aimed to clarify the mechanistic participation of periostin in DCM. METHODS The expression of periostin was examined in DCM patients, diabetic mice and high glucose (HG)-exposed cardiac fibroblasts (CF). Gain- and loss-of-function experiments assessed the potential role of periostin in DCM pathogenesis. RNA sequencing was used to investigate the underlying mechanisms of periostin in DCM. RESULTS A mouse cytokine antibody array showed that the protein expression of periostin was most significantly upregulated in diabetic mouse heart, and this increase was also observed in patients with DCM or HG-incubated CF. Periostin-deficient mice were protected from diabetes-induced cardiac dysfunction and myocardial damage, while overexpression of periostin held the opposite effects. Hyperglycemia stimulated the expression of periostin in a TGF-β/Smad-dependent manner. RNA sequencing results showed that periostin upregulated the expression of nucleosome assembly protein 1-like 2 (NAP1L2) which recruited SIRT3 to deacetylate H3K27ac on the promoters of the branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) catabolism-related enzymes BCAT2 and PP2Cm, resulting in BCAA catabolism impairment. Additionally, CF-derived periostin induced hypertrophy, oxidative injury and inflammation in primary cardiomyocytes. Finally, we identified that glucosyringic acid (GA) specifically targeted and inhibited periostin to ameliorate DCM. CONCLUSION Overall, manipulating periostin expression may function as a promising strategy in the treatment of DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Bo Lu
- Department of Basic Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
- Department of Endocrine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214125, China
| | - Xiao Fu
- Department of Basic Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Yao Liu
- Department of Cardiac Ultrasound, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zi-Chao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Shi-Yi Liu
- Department of Basic Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Yu-Chao Li
- Department of Basic Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Hai-Jian Sun
- Department of Basic Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing, 210009, China.
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Ge T, Ning B, Wu Y, Chen X, Qi H, Wang H, Zhao M. MicroRNA-specific therapeutic targets and biomarkers of apoptosis following myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. Mol Cell Biochem 2023:10.1007/s11010-023-04876-z. [PMID: 37878166 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-023-04876-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs are single-stranded non-coding RNAs that participate in post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression, it is involved in the regulation of apoptosis after myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. For example, the alteration of mitochondrial structure is facilitated by MicroRNA-1 through the regulation of apoptosis-related proteins, such as Bax and Bcl-2, thereby mitigating cardiomyocyte apoptosis. MicroRNA-21 not only modulates the expression of NF-κB to suppress inflammatory signals but also activates the PI3K/AKT pathway to mitigate ischemia-reperfusion injury. Overexpression of MicroRNA-133 attenuates reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and suppressed the oxidative stress response, thereby mitigating cellular apoptosis. MicroRNA-139 modulates the extrinsic death signal of Fas, while MicroRNA-145 regulates endoplasmic reticulum calcium overload, both of which exert regulatory effects on cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Therefore, the article categorizes the molecular mechanisms based on the three classical pathways and multiple signaling pathways of apoptosis. It summarizes the targets and pathways of MicroRNA therapy for ischemia-reperfusion injury and analyzes future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Ge
- School of Graduate, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, No. 1 Middle Section of Shiji Avenue, Xianyang, 712046, China
| | - Bo Ning
- School of Graduate, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, No. 1 Middle Section of Shiji Avenue, Xianyang, 712046, China
| | - Yongqing Wu
- School of Graduate, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, No. 1 Middle Section of Shiji Avenue, Xianyang, 712046, China
| | - Xiaolin Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, No. 1 Middle Section of Shiji Avenue, Xianyang, 712046, China
| | - Hongfei Qi
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases, Institute of Integrative Medicine, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, No. 1 Middle Section of Shiji Avenue, Xianyang, 712046, China
| | - Haifang Wang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases, Institute of Integrative Medicine, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, No. 1 Middle Section of Shiji Avenue, Xianyang, 712046, China
| | - Mingjun Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Deputy 2, Weiyang West Road, Weicheng District, Xianyang, 712000, China.
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4
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Lau R, Yu L, Roumeliotis TI, Stewart A, Pickard L, Riisanes R, Gurel B, de Bono JS, Choudhary JS, Banerji U. Unbiased differential proteomic profiling between cancer-associated fibroblasts and cancer cell lines. J Proteomics 2023; 288:104973. [PMID: 37481068 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2023.104973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are a key component of tumors. We aimed to profile the proteome of cancer cell lines representing three common cancer types (lung, colorectal and pancreatic) and a representative CAF cell line from each tumor type to gain insight into CAF function and novel CAF biomarkers. We used isobaric labeling, liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry to evaluate the proteome of 9 cancer and 3 CAF cell lines. Of the 9460 proteins evaluated, functional enrichment analysis revealed an upregulation of N-glycan biosynthesis and extracellular matrix proteins in CAFs. 85 proteins had 16-fold higher expression in CAFs compared to cancer cells, including previously known CAF markers like fibroblast activation protein (FAP). Novel overexpressed CAF biomarkers included heat shock protein β-6 (HSPB6/HSP20) and cyclooxygenase 1 (PTGS1/COX1). SiRNA knockdown of the genes encoding these proteins did not reduce contractility in lung CAFs, suggesting they were not crucial to this function. Immunohistochemical analysis of 30 tumor samples (10 lung, 10 colorectal and 10 pancreatic) showed restricted HSPB6 and PTGS1 expression in the stroma. Therefore, we describe an unbiased differential proteome analysis of CAFs compared to cancer cells, which revealed higher expression of HSPB6 and PTGS1 in CAFs. Data are available via ProteomeXchange (PXD040360). SIGNIFICANCE: Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are highly abundant stromal cells present in tumors. CAFs are known to influence tumor progression and drug resistance. Characterizing the proteome of CAFs could give potential insights into new stromal drug targets and biomarkers. Mass spectrometry-based analysis comparing proteomic profiles of CAFs and cancers characterized 9460 proteins of which 85 proteins had 16-fold higher expression in CAFs compared to cancer cells. Further interrogation of this rich resource could provide insight into the function of CAFs and could reveal putative stromal targets. We describe for the first time that heat shock protein β-6 (HSPB6/HSP20) and cyclooxygenase 1 (PTGS1/COX1) are overexpressed in CAFs compared to cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Lau
- Clinical Pharmacology and Adaptive Therapy Group, The Institute of Cancer Research and The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, 15 Cotswold Road, London SM2 5NG, United Kingdom.
| | - Lu Yu
- Functional Proteomics group, Chester Beatty Laboratories, The Institute of Cancer Research, 237 Fulham Road, London SW3 6JB, United Kingdom
| | - Theodoros I Roumeliotis
- Functional Proteomics group, Chester Beatty Laboratories, The Institute of Cancer Research, 237 Fulham Road, London SW3 6JB, United Kingdom
| | - Adam Stewart
- Clinical Pharmacology and Adaptive Therapy Group, The Institute of Cancer Research and The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, 15 Cotswold Road, London SM2 5NG, United Kingdom
| | - Lisa Pickard
- Clinical Pharmacology and Adaptive Therapy Group, The Institute of Cancer Research and The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, 15 Cotswold Road, London SM2 5NG, United Kingdom
| | - Ruth Riisanes
- Cancer Biomarkers Group, The Institute of Cancer Research and The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, 15 Cotswold Road, London SM2 5NG, United Kingdom
| | - Bora Gurel
- Cancer Biomarkers Group, The Institute of Cancer Research and The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, 15 Cotswold Road, London SM2 5NG, United Kingdom
| | - Johann S de Bono
- Cancer Biomarkers Group, The Institute of Cancer Research and The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, 15 Cotswold Road, London SM2 5NG, United Kingdom
| | - Jyoti S Choudhary
- Functional Proteomics group, Chester Beatty Laboratories, The Institute of Cancer Research, 237 Fulham Road, London SW3 6JB, United Kingdom.
| | - Udai Banerji
- Clinical Pharmacology and Adaptive Therapy Group, The Institute of Cancer Research and The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, 15 Cotswold Road, London SM2 5NG, United Kingdom.
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Zhao H, Wang P, Wang X, Du W, Yang HH, Liu Y, Cui SN, Huang W, Peng T, Chen J, Gao C, Wang Y, Sadayappan S, Ma C, Fan Y, Wang C, Fan GC. Lipocalin 10 is essential for protection against inflammation-triggered vascular leakage by activating LDL receptor-related protein 2-slingshot homologue 1 signalling pathway. Cardiovasc Res 2023; 119:1981-1996. [PMID: 37392461 PMCID: PMC10681662 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvad105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Systemic inflammation occurs commonly during many human disease settings and increases vascular permeability, leading to organ failure, and lethal outcomes. Lipocalin 10 (Lcn10), a poorly characterized member of the lipocalin family, is remarkably altered in the cardiovascular system of human patients with inflammatory conditions. Nonetheless, whether Lcn10 regulates inflammation-induced endothelial permeability remains unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS Systemic inflammation models were induced using mice by injection of endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or caecal ligation and puncture (CLP) surgery. We observed that the expression of Lcn10 was dynamically altered only in endothelial cells (ECs), but not in either fibroblasts or cardiomyocytes isolated from mouse hearts following the LPS challenge or CLP surgery. Using in vitro gain- and loss-of-function approaches and an in vivo global knockout mouse model, we discovered that Lcn10 negatively regulated endothelial permeability upon inflammatory stimuli. Loss of Lcn10 augmented vascular leakage, leading to severe organ damage and higher mortality following LPS challenge, compared to wild-type controls. By contrast, overexpression of Lcn10 in ECs displayed opposite effects. A mechanistic analysis revealed that both endogenous and exogenous elevation of Lcn10 in ECs could activate slingshot homologue 1 (Ssh1)-Cofilin signalling cascade, a key axis known to control actin filament dynamics. Accordingly, a reduced formation of stress fibre and increased generation of cortical actin band were exhibited in Lcn10-ECs, when compared to controls upon endotoxin insults. Furthermore, we identified that Lcn10 interacted with LDL receptor-related protein 2 (LRP2) in ECs, which acted as an upstream factor of the Ssh1-Confilin signalling. Finally, injection of recombinant Lcn10 protein into endotoxic mice showed therapeutic effects against inflammation-induced vascular leakage. CONCLUSION This study identifies Lcn10 as a novel regulator of EC function and illustrates a new link in the Lcn10-LRP2-Ssh1 axis to controlling endothelial barrier integrity. Our findings may provide novel strategies for the treatment of inflammation-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Zhao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 231 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0575, USA
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 231 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0575, USA
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaohong Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 231 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0575, USA
| | - Wa Du
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Hui-Hui Yang
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 231 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0575, USA
| | - Yueying Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 231 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0575, USA
| | - Shu-Nan Cui
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 231 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0575, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Cancer Hospital, Peking University School of Oncology, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Tianqing Peng
- The Centre for Critical Illness Research, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jing Chen
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Chen Gao
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 231 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0575, USA
| | - Yigang Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Sakthivel Sadayappan
- Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Chengen Ma
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yanbo Fan
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Chunting Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Guo-Chang Fan
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 231 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0575, USA
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Ferron M, Merlet N, Mihalache-Avram T, Mecteau M, Brand G, Gillis MA, Shi Y, Nozza A, Cossette M, Guertin MC, Rhéaume E, Tardif JC. Adcy9 Gene Inactivation Improves Cardiac Function After Myocardial Infarction in Mice. Can J Cardiol 2023; 39:952-962. [PMID: 37054880 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2023.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polymorphisms in the adenylate cyclase 9 (ADCY9) gene influence the benefits of the cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) modulator dalcetrapib on cardiovascular events after acute coronary syndrome. We hypothesized that Adcy9 inactivation could improve cardiac function and remodelling following myocardial infarction (MI) in absence of CETP activity. METHODS Wild-type (WT) and Adcy9-inactivated (Adcy9Gt/Gt) male mice, transgenic or not for human CETP (tgCETP+/-), were subjected to MI by permanent left anterior descending coronary artery ligation and studied for 4 weeks. Left ventricular (LV) function was assessed by echocardiography at baseline, 1, and 4 weeks after MI. At sacrifice, blood, spleen and bone marrow cells were collected for flow cytometry analysis, and hearts were harvested for histologic analyses. RESULTS All mice developed LV hypertrophy, dilation, and systolic dysfunction, but Adcy9Gt/Gt mice exhibited reduced pathologic LV remodelling and better LV function compared with WT mice. There were no differences between tgCETP+/- and Adcy9Gt/Gt tgCETP+/- mice, which both exhibited intermediate responses. Histologic analyses showed smaller cardiomyocyte size, reduced infarct size, and preserved myocardial capillary density in the infarct border zone in Adcy9Gt/Gt vs WT mice. Count of bone marrow T cells and B cells were significantly increased in Adcy9Gt/Gt mice compared with the other genotypes. CONCLUSIONS Adcy9 inactivation reduced infarct size, pathologic remodelling, and cardiac dysfunction. These changes were accompanied by preserved myocardial capillary density and increased adaptive immune response. Most of the benefits of Adcy9 inactivation were only observed in the absence of CETP.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Yanfen Shi
- Montréal Heart Institute, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Anna Nozza
- Montréal Health Innovations Coordinating Centre (MHICC), Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Mariève Cossette
- Montréal Health Innovations Coordinating Centre (MHICC), Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Marie-Claude Guertin
- Montréal Health Innovations Coordinating Centre (MHICC), Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Eric Rhéaume
- Montréal Heart Institute, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Jean-Claude Tardif
- Montréal Heart Institute, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
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Du H, Chen J, Zhan H, Li S, Wang Y, Wang W, Hu X. The Roles of CDPKs as a Convergence Point of Different Signaling Pathways in Maize Adaptation to Abiotic Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032325. [PMID: 36768648 PMCID: PMC9917105 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The calcium ion (Ca2+), as a well-known second messenger, plays an important role in multiple processes of growth, development, and stress adaptation in plants. As central Ca2+ sensor proteins and a multifunctional kinase family, calcium-dependent protein kinases (CDPKs) are widely present in plants. In maize, the signal transduction processes involved in ZmCDPKs' responses to abiotic stresses have also been well elucidated. In addition to Ca2+ signaling, maize ZmCDPKs are also regulated by a variety of abiotic stresses, and they transmit signals to downstream target molecules, such as transport proteins, transcription factors, molecular chaperones, and other protein kinases, through protein interaction or phosphorylation, etc., thus changing their activity, triggering a series of cascade reactions, and being involved in hormone and reactive oxygen signaling regulation. As such, ZmCDPKs play an indispensable role in regulating maize growth, development, and stress responses. In this review, we summarize the roles of ZmCDPKs as a convergence point of different signaling pathways in regulating maize response to abiotic stress, which will promote an understanding of the molecular mechanisms of ZmCDPKs in maize tolerance to abiotic stress and open new opportunities for agricultural applications.
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Fang J, Zhang Y, Chen D, Zheng Y, Jiang J. Exosomes and Exosomal Cargos: A Promising World for Ventricular Remodeling Following Myocardial Infarction. Int J Nanomedicine 2022; 17:4699-4719. [PMID: 36217495 PMCID: PMC9547598 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s377479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are a pluripotent group of extracellular nanovesicles secreted by all cells that mediate intercellular communications. The effective information within exosomes is primarily reflected in exosomal cargos, including proteins, lipids, DNAs, and non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), the most intensively studied molecules. Cardiac resident cells (cardiomyocytes, fibroblasts, and endothelial cells) and foreign cells (infiltrated immune cells, cardiac progenitor cells, cardiosphere-derived cells, and mesenchymal stem cells) are involved in the progress of ventricular remodeling (VR) following myocardial infarction (MI) via transferring exosomes into target cells. Here, we summarize the pathological mechanisms of VR following MI, including cardiac myocyte hypertrophy, cardiac fibrosis, inflammation, pyroptosis, apoptosis, autophagy, angiogenesis, and metabolic disorders, and the roles of exosomal cargos in these processes, with a focus on proteins and ncRNAs. Continued research in this field reveals a novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategy for VR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiacheng Fang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuxuan Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, People’s Republic of China
| | - Delong Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yiyue Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, People’s Republic of China,Correspondence: Jun Jiang, Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, People’s Republic of China, Tel/Fax +86 135 8870 6891, Email
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Abstract
Stress response is a cellular widespread mechanism encoded by a common protein program composed by multiple cellular factors that converge in a defense reaction to protect the cell against damage. Among many mechanisms described, heat shock proteins were proposed as universally conserved protective factors in the stress core proteome, coping with different stress stimuli through its canonical role in protein homeostasis. However, emerging evidences reveal non-canonical roles of heat shock proteins relevant for physiological and pathological conditions. Here, we review the implications of inducible heat shock proteins in the central nervous system physiology. In particular, we discuss the relevance of heat shock proteins in the maintenance of synapses, as a balanced protective mechanism in central nervous system development, pathological conditions and aging.
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10
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Safabakhsh S, Panwar P, Barichello S, Sangha SS, Hanson PJ, Van Petegem F, Laksman Z. THE ROLE OF PHOSPHORYLATION IN ATRIAL FIBRILLATION: A FOCUS ON MASS SPECTROMETRY APPROACHES. Cardiovasc Res 2021; 118:1205-1217. [PMID: 33744917 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvab095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common arrhythmia worldwide. It is associated with significant increases in morbidity in the form of stroke and heart failure, and a doubling in all-cause mortality. The pathophysiology of AF is incompletely understood, and this has contributed to a lack of effective treatments and disease-modifying therapies. An important cellular process that may explain how risk factors give rise to AF includes post-translational modification (PTM) of proteins. As the most commonly occurring PTM, protein phosphorylation is especially relevant. Although many methods exist for studying protein phosphorylation, a common and highly resolute technique is mass spectrometry (MS). This review will discuss recent evidence surrounding the role of protein phosphorylation in the pathogenesis of AF. MS-based technology to study phosphorylation and uses of MS in other areas of medicine such as oncology will also be presented. Based on these data, future goals and experiments will be outlined that utilize MS technology to better understand the role of phosphorylation in AF and elucidate its role in AF pathophysiology. This may ultimately allow for the development of more effective AF therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina Safabakhsh
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Pankaj Panwar
- AbCellera Biologicals Inc., Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Scott Barichello
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Sarabjit S Sangha
- Cellular and Regenerative Medicine Centre, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, 950 West 28th Avenue, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Molecular Cardiac Physiology Group, Departments of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology and Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Paul J Hanson
- UBC Heart Lung Innovation Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,UBC Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Filip Van Petegem
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Zachary Laksman
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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11
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Zhao Y, Du H, Wang Y, Wang H, Yang S, Li C, Chen N, Yang H, Zhang Y, Zhu Y, Yang L, Hu X. The calcium-dependent protein kinase ZmCDPK7 functions in heat-stress tolerance in maize. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 63:510-527. [PMID: 33331695 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Global warming poses a serious threat to crops. Calcium-dependent protein kinases (CDPKs)/CPKs play vital roles in plant stress responses, but their exact roles in plant thermotolerance remains elusive. Here, we explored the roles of heat-induced ZmCDPK7 in thermotolerance in maize. ZmCDPK7-overexpressing maize plants displayed higher thermotolerance, photosynthetic rates, and antioxidant enzyme activity but lower H2 O2 and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents than wild-type plants under heat stress. ZmCDPK7-knockdown plants displayed the opposite patterns. ZmCDPK7 is attached to the plasma membrane but can translocate to the cytosol under heat stress. ZmCDPK7 interacts with the small heat shock protein sHSP17.4, phosphorylates sHSP17.4 at Ser-44 and the respiratory burst oxidase homolog RBOHB at Ser-99, and upregulates their expression. Site-directed mutagenesis of sHSP17.4 to generate a Ser-44-Ala substitution reduced ZmCDPK7's enhancement of catalase activity but enhanced ZmCDPK7's suppression of MDA accumulation in heat-stressed maize protoplasts. sHSP17.4, ZmCDPK7, and RBOHB were less strongly upregulated in response to heat stress in the abscisic acid-deficient mutant vp5 versus the wild type. Pretreatment with an RBOH inhibitor suppressed sHSP17.4 and ZmCDPK7 expression. Therefore, abscisic acid-induced ZmCDPK7 functions both upstream and downstream of RBOH and participates in thermotolerance in maize by mediating the phosphorylation of sHSP17.4, which might be essential for its chaperone function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat & Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Hanwei Du
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat & Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Yankai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat & Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Huali Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat & Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Shaoyu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat & Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Chaohai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat & Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Ning Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat & Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Hao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat & Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Yihao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat & Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Yulin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat & Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Luyao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat & Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Xiuli Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat & Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
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Mishra S, Dunkerly-Eyring BL, Keceli G, Ranek MJ. Phosphorylation Modifications Regulating Cardiac Protein Quality Control Mechanisms. Front Physiol 2020; 11:593585. [PMID: 33281625 PMCID: PMC7689282 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.593585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Many forms of cardiac disease, including heart failure, present with inadequate protein quality control (PQC). Pathological conditions often involve impaired removal of terminally misfolded proteins. This results in the formation of large protein aggregates, which further reduce cellular viability and cardiac function. Cardiomyocytes have an intricately collaborative PQC system to minimize cellular proteotoxicity. Increased expression of chaperones or enhanced clearance of misfolded proteins either by the proteasome or lysosome has been demonstrated to attenuate disease pathogenesis, whereas reduced PQC exacerbates pathogenesis. Recent studies have revealed that phosphorylation of key proteins has a potent regulatory role, both promoting and hindering the PQC machinery. This review highlights the recent advances in phosphorylations regulating PQC, the impact in cardiac pathology, and the therapeutic opportunities presented by harnessing these modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumita Mishra
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Brittany L Dunkerly-Eyring
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Gizem Keceli
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Mark J Ranek
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
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Abstract
Myocardial fibrosis, the expansion of the cardiac interstitium through deposition of extracellular matrix proteins, is a common pathophysiologic companion of many different myocardial conditions. Fibrosis may reflect activation of reparative or maladaptive processes. Activated fibroblasts and myofibroblasts are the central cellular effectors in cardiac fibrosis, serving as the main source of matrix proteins. Immune cells, vascular cells and cardiomyocytes may also acquire a fibrogenic phenotype under conditions of stress, activating fibroblast populations. Fibrogenic growth factors (such as transforming growth factor-β and platelet-derived growth factors), cytokines [including tumour necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-4], and neurohumoral pathways trigger fibrogenic signalling cascades through binding to surface receptors, and activation of downstream signalling cascades. In addition, matricellular macromolecules are deposited in the remodelling myocardium and regulate matrix assembly, while modulating signal transduction cascades and protease or growth factor activity. Cardiac fibroblasts can also sense mechanical stress through mechanosensitive receptors, ion channels and integrins, activating intracellular fibrogenic cascades that contribute to fibrosis in response to pressure overload. Although subpopulations of fibroblast-like cells may exert important protective actions in both reparative and interstitial/perivascular fibrosis, ultimately fibrotic changes perturb systolic and diastolic function, and may play an important role in the pathogenesis of arrhythmias. This review article discusses the molecular mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of cardiac fibrosis in various myocardial diseases, including myocardial infarction, heart failure with reduced or preserved ejection fraction, genetic cardiomyopathies, and diabetic heart disease. Development of fibrosis-targeting therapies for patients with myocardial diseases will require not only understanding of the functional pluralism of cardiac fibroblasts and dissection of the molecular basis for fibrotic remodelling, but also appreciation of the pathophysiologic heterogeneity of fibrosis-associated myocardial disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos G Frangogiannis
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology), The Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue Forchheimer G46B, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
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Silva KAS, Leary EV, Olver TD, Domeier TL, Padilla J, Rector RS, Emter CA. Tissue-specific small heat shock protein 20 activation is not associated with traditional autophagy markers in Ossabaw swine with cardiometabolic heart failure. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2020; 319:H1036-H1043. [PMID: 32946285 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00580.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The small heat shock protein 20 (HSPB6) emerges as a potential upstream mediator of autophagy. Although autophagy is linked to several clinical disorders, how HSPB6 and autophagy are regulated in the setting of heart failure (HF) remains unknown. The goal of this study was to assess the activation of the HSPB6 and its association with other well-established autophagy markers in central and peripheral tissues from a preclinical Ossabaw swine model of cardiometabolic HF induced by Western diet and chronic cardiac pressure overload. We hypothesized HSPB6 would be activated in central and peripheral tissues, stimulating autophagy. We found that autophagy in the heart is interrupted at various stages of the process in a chamber-specific manner. Protein levels of HSPB6, Beclin 1, and p62 are increased in the right ventricle, whereas only HSPB6 was increased in the left ventricle. Unlike the heart, samples from the triceps brachii long head showed only an increase in the protein level of p62, highlighting interesting central versus peripheral differences in autophagy regulation. In the right coronary artery, total HSPB6 protein expression was decreased and associated with an increase in LC3B-II/LC3B-I ratio, demonstrating a different mechanism of autophagy dysregulation in the coronary vasculature. Thus, contrary to our hypothesis, activation of HSPB6 was differentially regulated in a tissue-specific manner and observed in parallel with variable states of autophagy markers assessed by protein levels of LC3B, p62, and Beclin 1. Our data provide insight into how the HSPB6/autophagy axis is regulated in a preclinical swine model with potential relevance to heart failure with preserved ejection fraction.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Our study shows that the activation of HSPB6 is tissue specific and associated with variable states of downstream markers of autophagy in a unique preclinical swine model of cardiometabolic HF with potential relevance to HFpEF. These findings suggest that targeted approaches could be an important consideration regarding the development of drugs aimed at this intracellular recycling process.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emily V Leary
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - T Dylan Olver
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Timothy L Domeier
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Jaume Padilla
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri.,Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - R Scott Rector
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri.,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri.,Research Service, Harry S Truman Memorial Veterans Medical Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Craig A Emter
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
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