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Jæger KH, Tveito A. A possible path to persistent re-entry waves at the outlet of the left pulmonary vein. NPJ Syst Biol Appl 2024; 10:79. [PMID: 39043674 PMCID: PMC11266599 DOI: 10.1038/s41540-024-00406-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common form of cardiac arrhythmia, often evolving from paroxysmal episodes to persistent stages over an extended timeframe. While various factors contribute to this progression, the precise biophysical mechanisms driving it remain unclear. Here we explore how rapid firing of cardiomyocytes at the outlet of the pulmonary vein of the left atria can create a substrate for a persistent re-entry wave. This is grounded in a recently formulated mathematical model of the regulation of calcium ion channel density by intracellular calcium concentration. According to the model, the number of calcium channels is controlled by the intracellular calcium concentration. In particular, if the concentration increases above a certain target level, the calcium current is weakened to restore the target level of calcium. During rapid pacing, the intracellular calcium concentration of the cardiomyocytes increases leading to a substantial reduction of the calcium current across the membrane of the myocytes, which again reduces the action potential duration. In a spatially resolved cell-based model of the outlet of the pulmonary vein of the left atria, we show that the reduced action potential duration can lead to re-entry. Initiated by rapid pacing, often stemming from paroxysmal AF episodes lasting several days, the reduction in calcium current is a critical factor. Our findings illustrate how such episodes can foster a conducive environment for persistent AF through electrical remodeling, characterized by diminished calcium currents. This underscores the importance of promptly addressing early AF episodes to prevent their progression to chronic stages.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aslak Tveito
- Department of Computational Physiology, Simula Research Laboratory, Oslo, Norway
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2
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Jiang J, Sun X, Cheng C, Chen K, Hua W, Su Y, Xu W, Chen R, Zhang S. Progression of Device-Detected Atrial High-Rate Episodes and the Risk of All-Cause Mortality. Am J Cardiol 2023; 204:96-103. [PMID: 37541154 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2023.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
Atrial high-rate episodes (AHREs) are prevalent in approximately 1/3 of patients with cardiac implanted electronic devices and are associated with an increased risk of several adverse outcomes. This study aimed to explore the factors associated with AHRE progression and the risk of all-cause mortality. At least 1 day with AHRE burden ≥15 minutes was identified in 124 of 343 recipients (36.2%) of an implantable cardioverter defibrillator or cardiac resynchronization therapy device. We included patients whose AHRE burden at the time of first detection was ≥15 minutes but <24 hours (n = 107). Various cut-off values (15 minutes, 6 hours, and 24 hours) of daily AHRE burden were analyzed. During an average follow-up of 4.2 years, 60 patients (56.1%) experienced ≥1 progression to greater AHRE burden. Patients with hypertension or greater AHRE burden at first detection were associated with faster progression. In addition, 27 deaths (45%) occurred among 60 patients with AHRE progression, compared with 25.5% (12 of 47) for those without progression. After multivariable adjustment, AHRE progression was independently associated with all-cause mortality (hazard ratio 2.56, 95% confidence interval 1.23 to 5.35, p = 0.012). Notably, AHRE progression within 1 month after their first detection was associated with an increased risk for all-cause mortality (hazard ratio 4.01, 95% confidence interval 1.76 to 9.16, p = 0.001) compared with patients without progression. However, a similar risk was not observed among patients with AHRE progression occurring after 1 month after their first detection. In conclusion, >1/2 of the patients with AHRE progressed to a greater burden over time. Continuous monitoring of the AHRE burden may help identify patients at great risk for death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Arrhythmia Center, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xuerong Sun
- Heart Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chendi Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Arrhythmia Center, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Keping Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Arrhythmia Center, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Arrhythmia Center, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yangang Su
- Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Ruohan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Arrhythmia Center, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - Shu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Arrhythmia Center, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
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3
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Trohman RG, Huang HD, Sharma PS. Atrial fibrillation: primary prevention, secondary prevention, and prevention of thromboembolic complications: part 1. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1060030. [PMID: 37396596 PMCID: PMC10311453 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1060030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF), is the most common sustained cardiac arrhythmia. It was once thought to be benign as long as the ventricular rate was controlled, however, AF is associated with significant cardiac morbidity and mortality. Increasing life expectancy driven by improved health care and decreased fertility rates has, in most of the world, resulted in the population aged ≥65 years growing more rapidly than the overall population. As the population ages, projections suggest that the burden of AF may increase more than 60% by 2050. Although considerable progress has been made in the treatment and management of AF, primary prevention, secondary prevention, and prevention of thromboembolic complications remain a work in progress. This narrative review was facilitated by a MEDLINE search to identify peer-reviewed clinical trials, randomized controlled trials, meta-analyses, and other clinically relevant studies. The search was limited to English-language reports published between 1950 and 2021. Atrial fibrillation was searched via the terms primary prevention, hyperthyroidism, Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome, catheter ablation, surgical ablation, hybrid ablation, stroke prevention, anticoagulation, left atrial occlusion and atrial excision. Google and Google scholar as well as bibliographies of identified articles were reviewed for additional references. In these two manuscripts, we discuss the current strategies available to prevent AF, then compare noninvasive and invasive treatment strategies to diminish AF recurrence. In addition, we examine the pharmacological, percutaneous device and surgical approaches to prevent stroke as well as other types of thromboembolic events.
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Yano M, Egami Y, Kawanami S, Sugae H, Ukita K, Kawamura A, Nakamura H, Yasumoto K, Tsuda M, Okamoto N, Matsunaga-Lee Y, Nishino M, Tanouchi J. Relationship between pre-procedural non-ischemic ST-segment depression and the clinical outcomes after catheter ablation in persistent atrial fibrillation patients. J Cardiol 2023; 81:456-463. [PMID: 36822545 DOI: 10.1016/j.jjcc.2023.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND ST-segment depression suggests the presence of coronary artery disease (CAD) during sinus rhythm, but the clinical significance, including the outcomes after catheter ablation (CA), in atrial fibrillation (AF) patients remain unknown. METHODS The present study included persistent AF (PerAF) patients from the Osaka Rosai Atrial Fibrillation ablation (ORAF) registry who underwent an initial ablation and had no history of CAD. We assigned the patients based on the presence of ST-segment depression before CA and evaluated the impact of relevant factors on ST-segment depression and the relationship between ST-segment depression, including leads locations (anterior leads, inferior leads, and lateral leads) or depression type (upsloping, horizontal, and downsloping) or the degree of ST-segment depression and late recurrence of AF (LRAF). RESULTS This study population included a total of 551 patients of whom 189 had ST-segment depression. The median follow-up duration was 397 days and LRAF occurred in 195 patients. By multiple regression analysis, diabetes mellitus, hemoglobin, brain natriuretic peptide, left ventricular ejection fraction, and left atrial diameter were significant determinants of ST-segment depression before CA. Kaplan-Meier analysis demonstrated that the patients with ST-segment depression had a significantly greater risk of LRAF than those without (p < 0.001). Multivariate Cox proportional hazards analysis showed ST-segment depression was independently and significantly associated with a higher risk of LRAF (p < 0.001). The patients with ST-segment depression ≥0.15 mV had a significantly higher risk of LRAF than those with ST-segment depression ≥0.15 mV (p < 0.001). No significant differences among the ST-segment depression lead locations and ST-segment depression type were observed. CONCLUSION Non-ischemic ST-segment depression during AF rhythm was significantly associated with LRAF post CA in PerAF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masamichi Yano
- Division of Cardiology, Osaka Rosai Hospital, Sakai, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Egami
- Division of Cardiology, Osaka Rosai Hospital, Sakai, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shodai Kawanami
- Division of Cardiology, Osaka Rosai Hospital, Sakai, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroki Sugae
- Division of Cardiology, Osaka Rosai Hospital, Sakai, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kohei Ukita
- Division of Cardiology, Osaka Rosai Hospital, Sakai, Osaka, Japan
| | - Akito Kawamura
- Division of Cardiology, Osaka Rosai Hospital, Sakai, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Nakamura
- Division of Cardiology, Osaka Rosai Hospital, Sakai, Osaka, Japan
| | - Koji Yasumoto
- Division of Cardiology, Osaka Rosai Hospital, Sakai, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masaki Tsuda
- Division of Cardiology, Osaka Rosai Hospital, Sakai, Osaka, Japan
| | - Naotaka Okamoto
- Division of Cardiology, Osaka Rosai Hospital, Sakai, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Masami Nishino
- Division of Cardiology, Osaka Rosai Hospital, Sakai, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Jun Tanouchi
- Division of Cardiology, Osaka Rosai Hospital, Sakai, Osaka, Japan
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Kawai S, Mukai Y, Inoue S, Yakabe D, Nagaoka K, Sakamoto K, Takase S, Chishaki A, Tsutsui H. Location and coupling interval of an ectopic excitation determine the initiation of atrial fibrillation from the pulmonary veins. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2022; 33:629-637. [PMID: 35048463 PMCID: PMC9303182 DOI: 10.1111/jce.15371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Ectopic beats originating from the pulmonary vein (PV) trigger atrial fibrillation (AF). The purpose of this study was to clarify the electrophysiological determinant of AF initiation from the PVs. Methods Pacing studies were performed with a single extra stimulus mimicking an ectopic beat in the left superior PVs (LSPVs) in 62 patients undergoing AF ablation. Inducibility of AF, effective refractory period (ERP), and conduction properties within the PVs were analyzed. Results A single extra stimulus in LSPV induced AF in 20 patients (32% of all patients) at the mean coupling interval (CI) of 172 ms. A CI‐dependent anisotropic conduction at the AF onset was visualized in a three‐dimensional mapping. Onset of AF was site‐specific with reproducibility in each individual. Mean ERP in LSPV in the AF‐inducible group was shorter than that in the AF‐noninducible group (182 ± 55 vs. 254 ± 51 ms, p < .0001). LSPV ERP dispersion was greater in the AF‐inducible group than in the AF‐noninducible group (45 ± 28 vs. 27 ± 19 ms, p < .01). Circumferential intra‐PV conduction time (IPVCT) exhibited decremental properties in response to shortening of CI and the prolongation of IPVCT in the AF‐inducible site was greater than that in the AF‐noninducible site (p < .05) in each individual. Conclusions Location and CI of an ectopic excitation ultimately determine the initiation of AF from the PVs. ERP dispersion and circumferential conduction delay may lead to anisotropic conduction and reentry within the PVs that initiate AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Kawai
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Japanese Red Cross Fukuoka Hospital Fukuoka Japan
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences Fukuoka Japan
| | - Yasushi Mukai
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Japanese Red Cross Fukuoka Hospital Fukuoka Japan
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences Fukuoka Japan
| | - Shujiro Inoue
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences Fukuoka Japan
| | - Daisuke Yakabe
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences Fukuoka Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Nagaoka
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences Fukuoka Japan
| | - Kazuo Sakamoto
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences Fukuoka Japan
| | - Susumu Takase
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences Fukuoka Japan
| | - Akiko Chishaki
- Department of Health Sciences Fukuoka Dental College Fukuoka Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tsutsui
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences Fukuoka Japan
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Dai M, Jiang T, Luo CD, Du W, Wang M, Qiu QY, Wang H. Radiofrequency ablation reduces expression of SELF by upregulating the expression of microRNA-26a/b in the treatment of atrial fibrillation. J Interv Card Electrophysiol 2022; 65:663-673. [PMID: 35864328 PMCID: PMC9726778 DOI: 10.1007/s10840-022-01305-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In this study, we aimed to investigate the role of miR-26a and miR-26b in the management of AF. METHODS Real-time PCR was carried out to determine plasma microRNA expression in AF patients pre- and post-radiofrequency ablation. The correlation between the expression of SELP and miR-26a/miR-26b was also studied using luciferase assays to establish a miR-26a/miR-26b/SELP signaling pathway. RESULTS The relative expression of SELP reached its peak in pre-ablation AF ( +) patients, while ablation treatment reduced the expression of SELP in AF ( +) patients. Similarly, AF pigs showed dysregulation of miR-26a/b and SELP, thus verifying the involvement of miR-26a/b and SELP in AF. Meanwhile, the regulatory association between SELP and miR-26a/b was also investigated, and the results showed that the presence of pre-miR-26a/b increased the levels of miR-26a/b and inhibited the mRNA/protein expression of SELP. Finally, using bioinformatic tools and luciferase assays, SELP mRNA was confirmed as the target of miR-26a/b, which affected the effect of AF ablation treatment. CONCLUSIONS RFA helped to restore circulating levels of miR-26, which were reduced in atrial fibrillation. Meanwhile, miR-26 is a potential cause for the elevated plasma levels of pro-thrombogenic SELP in that disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Dai
- grid.54549.390000 0004 0369 4060Mianyang Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 12 Changjia Alley, Fucheng District, Mianyang, 621000 Sichuan China
| | - Tao Jiang
- grid.54549.390000 0004 0369 4060Mianyang Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 12 Changjia Alley, Fucheng District, Mianyang, 621000 Sichuan China
| | - Cai-dong Luo
- grid.54549.390000 0004 0369 4060Mianyang Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 12 Changjia Alley, Fucheng District, Mianyang, 621000 Sichuan China
| | - Wei Du
- grid.54549.390000 0004 0369 4060Mianyang Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 12 Changjia Alley, Fucheng District, Mianyang, 621000 Sichuan China
| | - Min Wang
- grid.54549.390000 0004 0369 4060Mianyang Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 12 Changjia Alley, Fucheng District, Mianyang, 621000 Sichuan China
| | - Qing-yan Qiu
- grid.54549.390000 0004 0369 4060Mianyang Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 12 Changjia Alley, Fucheng District, Mianyang, 621000 Sichuan China
| | - Hu Wang
- grid.54549.390000 0004 0369 4060Mianyang Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 12 Changjia Alley, Fucheng District, Mianyang, 621000 Sichuan China
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7
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Identifying Atrial Fibrillation Mechanisms for Personalized Medicine. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10235679. [PMID: 34884381 PMCID: PMC8658178 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10235679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a major cause of heart failure and stroke. The early maintenance of sinus rhythm has been shown to reduce major cardiovascular endpoints, yet is difficult to achieve. For instance, it is unclear how discoveries at the genetic and cellular level can be used to tailor pharmacotherapy. For non-pharmacologic therapy, pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) remains the cornerstone of rhythm control, yet has suboptimal success. Improving these therapies will likely require a multifaceted approach that personalizes therapy based on mechanisms measured in individuals across biological scales. We review AF mechanisms from cell-to-organ-to-patient from this perspective of personalized medicine, linking them to potential clinical indices and biomarkers, and discuss how these data could influence therapy. We conclude by describing approaches to improve ablation, including the emergence of several mapping systems that are in use today.
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8
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Hartley A, Shalhoub J, Ng FS, Krahn AD, Laksman Z, Andrade JG, Deyell MW, Kanagaratnam P, Sikkel MB. Size matters in atrial fibrillation: the underestimated importance of reduction of contiguous electrical mass underlying the effectiveness of catheter ablation. Europace 2021; 23:1698-1707. [PMID: 33948648 PMCID: PMC8576280 DOI: 10.1093/europace/euab078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence has accumulated over the last century of the importance of a critical electrical mass in sustaining atrial fibrillation (AF). AF ablation certainly reduces electrically contiguous atrial mass, but this is not widely accepted to be an important part of its mechanism of action. In this article, we review data showing that atrial size is correlated in many settings with AF propensity. Larger mammals are more likely to exhibit AF. This is seen both in the natural world and in animal models, where it is much easier to create a goat model than a mouse model of AF, for example. This also extends to humans-athletes, taller people, and obese individuals all have large atria and are more likely to exhibit AF. Within an individual, risk factors such as hypertension, valvular disease and ischaemia can enlarge the atrium and increase the risk of AF. With respect to AF ablation, we explore how variations in ablation strategy and the relative effectiveness of these strategies may suggest that a reduction in electrical atrial mass is an important mechanism of action. We counter this with examples in which there is no doubt that mass reduction is less important than competing theories such as ganglionated plexus ablation. We conclude that, when considering future strategies for the ablative therapy of AF, it is important not to discount the possibility that contiguous electrical mass reduction is the most important mechanism despite the disappointing consequence being that enhancing success rates in AF ablation may involve greater tissue destruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Hartley
- National Heart and Lung Institute,Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Joseph Shalhoub
- National Heart and Lung Institute,Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Fu Siong Ng
- National Heart and Lung Institute,Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Andrew D Krahn
- Division of Cardiology, University of British Columbia, 740 Hillside Ave, Vancouver, BC V8T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Zachary Laksman
- Division of Cardiology, University of British Columbia, 740 Hillside Ave, Vancouver, BC V8T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Jason G Andrade
- Division of Cardiology, University of British Columbia, 740 Hillside Ave, Vancouver, BC V8T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Marc W Deyell
- Division of Cardiology, University of British Columbia, 740 Hillside Ave, Vancouver, BC V8T 1Z4, Canada
| | | | - Markus B Sikkel
- Division of Cardiology, University of British Columbia, 740 Hillside Ave, Vancouver, BC V8T 1Z4, Canada
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada
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9
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Yano M, Egami Y, Yanagawa K, Matsuhiro Y, Nakamura H, Yasumoto K, Okamoto N, Tanaka A, Matsunaga‐Lee Y, Nakamura D, Yamato M, Shutta R, Nishino M, Tanouchi J. Predictors of recurrence after pulmonary vein isolation in patients with normal left atrial diameter. J Arrhythm 2020; 36:75-81. [PMID: 32071623 PMCID: PMC7011825 DOI: 10.1002/joa3.12230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Enlarged left atrium (LA) is an established predictor of recurrence of atrial fibrillation (AF) after pulmonary vein isolation (PVI), but occasionally recurrences of AF/atrial tachycardia (AT) are experienced in patients with normal left atrial diameter. Therefore, the predictors of AF recurrence and AF triggers were evaluated in patients with normal LA. METHODS We enrolled 168 patients with normal LA (<40 mm) who underwent PVI. Various predictors were compared, including age, gender, coronary risk factors, brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), medications, echocardiographic parameters, and procedure parameters, between recurrence and nonrecurrence groups. RESULTS The recurrence group consisted of 50 patients (29.8%). A univariate analysis demonstrated that the ratio of females, high BNP levels, severe tricuspid valve regurgitation (TR), and relapses of AF/AT during catheter ablation (CA) were significantly higher in the recurrence group. Multivariate analyses showed that a high BNP, severe TR, and AF/AT relapses during CA were independent factors associated with AF recurrence. During the second CA sessions, nonpulmonary vein (PV) triggers were therapeutic targets in 18 patients (46.2%), which was higher than that previously reported. CONCLUSION A high BNP, severe TR and AF/AT relapses during CA may be correlated with AF recurrence after PVI in the patients with normal LA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Koji Yasumoto
- Division of CardiologyOsaka Rosai HospitalOsakaJapan
| | | | | | | | | | - Masaki Yamato
- Division of CardiologyOsaka Rosai HospitalOsakaJapan
| | - Ryu Shutta
- Division of CardiologyOsaka Rosai HospitalOsakaJapan
| | | | - Jun Tanouchi
- Division of CardiologyOsaka Rosai HospitalOsakaJapan
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10
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Glotzer TV. The Naissance of Atrial Fibrillation. J Am Coll Cardiol 2019; 74:2782-2785. [PMID: 31779792 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2019.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Taya V Glotzer
- Hackensack Meridian-Seton Hall School of Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, New Jersey.
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11
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Natural History of Subclinical Atrial Fibrillation Detected by Implanted Loop Recorders. J Am Coll Cardiol 2019; 74:2771-2781. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2019.09.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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12
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Diederichsen SZ, Darkner S, Chen X, Johannessen A, Pehrson S, Hansen J, Svendsen JH. QT as a predictor of recurrence after atrial fibrillation ablation and the impact of amiodarone: results from the placebo-controlled AMIO-CAT trial. Europace 2019; 21:1055-1062. [DOI: 10.1093/europace/euz028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims
Prolonged corrected QT interval (QTc) might be associated with arrhythmia recurrence after atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation. The effect of short-term amiodarone in this setting remains unknown. This study seeks to quantify short-term amiodarone’s impact on QTc, and to investigate QTc and amiodarone treatment as predictors of recurrence of arrhythmia after ablation.
Methods and results
The Short-term AMIOdarone treatment after CATheter ablation for atrial fibrillation (AMIO-CAT) trial randomized patients to 8 weeks of oral amiodarone or placebo following AF ablation. Scheduled and symptom-driven 12-lead electrocardiography and 3-day Holter-monitorings were performed. The endpoint was atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter or atrial tachycardia (AF/AT) lasting >30 s. The cut-off for prolonged QTc was 450 ms for men and 460 ms for women. A total of 212 patients were included, of which 108 were randomized to amiodarone and 104 to placebo. From baseline to 1 month QTc in the amiodarone group increased by 27 (±30) ms, while at 6 months QTc had normalized. After 3-months of blanking, new AF/AT recurrence was detected in 63% of patients with prolonged QTc vs. 41% of patients with normal QTc at baseline, and in multivariate Cox regression, prolonged QTc was associated with AF/AT recurrence [hazard ratio (HR) 2.19, P = 0.023]. Among patients with baseline QTc below median, amiodarone treatment decreased the rate of AF/AT recurrences (HR 0.43, P = 0.008).
Conclusions
Amiodarone increased QTc with 27 ms compared to placebo, and this effect decreased rapidly after drug discontinuation. Prolonged QTc at baseline independently predicted AF/AT recurrence, and baseline QTc identified patients who would possibly benefit from short-term amiodarone following ablation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Søren Zöga Diederichsen
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, København, Denmark
| | - Stine Darkner
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, København, Denmark
- Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Xu Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, København, Denmark
| | - Arne Johannessen
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Gentofte Hospital, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Steen Pehrson
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, København, Denmark
| | - Jim Hansen
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Gentofte Hospital, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Jesper Hastrup Svendsen
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, København, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, København, Denmark
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13
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Yu HT, Jeong DS, Pak HN, Park HS, Kim JY, Kim J, Lee JM, Kim KH, Yoon NS, Roh SY, Oh YS, Cho YJ, Shim J. 2018 Korean Guidelines for Catheter Ablation of Atrial Fibrillation: Part II. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARRHYTHMIA 2018. [DOI: 10.18501/arrhythmia.2018.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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14
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Cheniti G, Vlachos K, Pambrun T, Hooks D, Frontera A, Takigawa M, Bourier F, Kitamura T, Lam A, Martin C, Dumas-Pommier C, Puyo S, Pillois X, Duchateau J, Klotz N, Denis A, Derval N, Jais P, Cochet H, Hocini M, Haissaguerre M, Sacher F. Atrial Fibrillation Mechanisms and Implications for Catheter Ablation. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1458. [PMID: 30459630 PMCID: PMC6232922 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
AF is a heterogeneous rhythm disorder that is related to a wide spectrum of etiologies and has broad clinical presentations. Mechanisms underlying AF are complex and remain incompletely understood despite extensive research. They associate interactions between triggers, substrate and modulators including ionic and anatomic remodeling, genetic predisposition and neuro-humoral contributors. The pulmonary veins play a key role in the pathogenesis of AF and their isolation is associated to high rates of AF freedom in patients with paroxysmal AF. However, ablation of persistent AF remains less effective, mainly limited by the difficulty to identify the sources sustaining AF. Many theories were advanced to explain the perpetuation of this form of AF, ranging from a single localized focal and reentrant source to diffuse bi-atrial multiple wavelets. Translating these mechanisms to the clinical practice remains challenging and limited by the spatio-temporal resolution of the mapping techniques. AF is driven by focal or reentrant activities that are initially clustered in a relatively limited atrial surface then disseminate everywhere in both atria. Evidence for structural remodeling, mainly represented by atrial fibrosis suggests that reentrant activities using anatomical substrate are the key mechanism sustaining AF. These reentries can be endocardial, epicardial, and intramural which makes them less accessible for mapping and for ablation. Subsequently, early interventions before irreversible remodeling are of major importance. Circumferential pulmonary vein isolation remains the cornerstone of the treatment of AF, regardless of the AF form and of the AF duration. No ablation strategy consistently demonstrated superiority to pulmonary vein isolation in preventing long term recurrences of atrial arrhythmias. Further research that allows accurate identification of the mechanisms underlying AF and efficient ablation should improve the results of PsAF ablation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghassen Cheniti
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Department, Hopital Haut Leveque, Bordeaux, France.,Electrophysiology and Heart Modeling Institute (LIRYC), Bordeaux University, Pessac, France.,Cardiology Department, Hopital Sahloul, Universite de Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Konstantinos Vlachos
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Department, Hopital Haut Leveque, Bordeaux, France.,Electrophysiology and Heart Modeling Institute (LIRYC), Bordeaux University, Pessac, France
| | - Thomas Pambrun
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Department, Hopital Haut Leveque, Bordeaux, France.,Electrophysiology and Heart Modeling Institute (LIRYC), Bordeaux University, Pessac, France
| | - Darren Hooks
- Cardiology Department, Wellington Hospital, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Antonio Frontera
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Department, Hopital Haut Leveque, Bordeaux, France.,Electrophysiology and Heart Modeling Institute (LIRYC), Bordeaux University, Pessac, France
| | - Masateru Takigawa
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Department, Hopital Haut Leveque, Bordeaux, France.,Electrophysiology and Heart Modeling Institute (LIRYC), Bordeaux University, Pessac, France
| | - Felix Bourier
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Department, Hopital Haut Leveque, Bordeaux, France.,Electrophysiology and Heart Modeling Institute (LIRYC), Bordeaux University, Pessac, France
| | - Takeshi Kitamura
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Department, Hopital Haut Leveque, Bordeaux, France.,Electrophysiology and Heart Modeling Institute (LIRYC), Bordeaux University, Pessac, France
| | - Anna Lam
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Department, Hopital Haut Leveque, Bordeaux, France.,Electrophysiology and Heart Modeling Institute (LIRYC), Bordeaux University, Pessac, France
| | - Claire Martin
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Department, Hopital Haut Leveque, Bordeaux, France.,Electrophysiology and Heart Modeling Institute (LIRYC), Bordeaux University, Pessac, France
| | | | - Stephane Puyo
- Electrophysiology and Heart Modeling Institute (LIRYC), Bordeaux University, Pessac, France
| | - Xavier Pillois
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Department, Hopital Haut Leveque, Bordeaux, France
| | - Josselin Duchateau
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Department, Hopital Haut Leveque, Bordeaux, France.,Electrophysiology and Heart Modeling Institute (LIRYC), Bordeaux University, Pessac, France
| | - Nicolas Klotz
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Department, Hopital Haut Leveque, Bordeaux, France.,Electrophysiology and Heart Modeling Institute (LIRYC), Bordeaux University, Pessac, France
| | - Arnaud Denis
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Department, Hopital Haut Leveque, Bordeaux, France.,Electrophysiology and Heart Modeling Institute (LIRYC), Bordeaux University, Pessac, France
| | - Nicolas Derval
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Department, Hopital Haut Leveque, Bordeaux, France.,Electrophysiology and Heart Modeling Institute (LIRYC), Bordeaux University, Pessac, France
| | - Pierre Jais
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Department, Hopital Haut Leveque, Bordeaux, France.,Electrophysiology and Heart Modeling Institute (LIRYC), Bordeaux University, Pessac, France
| | - Hubert Cochet
- Electrophysiology and Heart Modeling Institute (LIRYC), Bordeaux University, Pessac, France.,Department of Cardiovascular Imaging, Hopital Haut Leveque, Bordeaux, France
| | - Meleze Hocini
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Department, Hopital Haut Leveque, Bordeaux, France.,Electrophysiology and Heart Modeling Institute (LIRYC), Bordeaux University, Pessac, France
| | - Michel Haissaguerre
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Department, Hopital Haut Leveque, Bordeaux, France.,Electrophysiology and Heart Modeling Institute (LIRYC), Bordeaux University, Pessac, France
| | - Frederic Sacher
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Department, Hopital Haut Leveque, Bordeaux, France.,Electrophysiology and Heart Modeling Institute (LIRYC), Bordeaux University, Pessac, France
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15
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Roney CH, Bayer JD, Cochet H, Meo M, Dubois R, Jaïs P, Vigmond EJ. Variability in pulmonary vein electrophysiology and fibrosis determines arrhythmia susceptibility and dynamics. PLoS Comput Biol 2018; 14:e1006166. [PMID: 29795549 PMCID: PMC5997352 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1006166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Success rates for catheter ablation of persistent atrial fibrillation patients are currently low; however, there is a subset of patients for whom electrical isolation of the pulmonary veins alone is a successful treatment strategy. It is difficult to identify these patients because there are a multitude of factors affecting arrhythmia susceptibility and maintenance, and the individual contributions of these factors are difficult to determine clinically. We hypothesised that the combination of pulmonary vein (PV) electrophysiology and atrial body fibrosis determine driver location and effectiveness of pulmonary vein isolation (PVI). We used bilayer biatrial computer models based on patient geometries to investigate the effects of PV properties and atrial fibrosis on arrhythmia inducibility, maintenance mechanisms, and the outcome of PVI. Short PV action potential duration (APD) increased arrhythmia susceptibility, while longer PV APD was found to be protective. Arrhythmia inducibility increased with slower conduction velocity (CV) at the LA/PV junction, but not for cases with homogeneous CV changes or slower CV at the distal PV. Phase singularity (PS) density in the PV region for cases with PV fibrosis was increased. Arrhythmia dynamics depend on both PV properties and fibrosis distribution, varying from meandering rotors to PV reentry (in cases with baseline or long APD), to stable rotors at regions of high fibrosis density. Measurement of fibrosis and PV properties may indicate patient specific susceptibility to AF initiation and maintenance. PV PS density before PVI was higher for cases in which AF terminated or converted to a macroreentry; thus, high PV PS density may indicate likelihood of PVI success. Atrial fibrillation is the most commonly encountered cardiac arrhythmia, affecting a significant portion of the population. Currently, ablation is the most effective treatment but success rates are less than optimal, being 70% one-year post-treatment. There is a large effort to find better ablation strategies to permanently cure the condition. Pulmonary vein isolation by ablation is more or less the standard of care, but many questions remain since pulmonary vein ectopy by itself does not explain all of the clinical successes or failures. We used computer simulations to investigate how electrophysiological properties of the pulmonary veins can affect rotor formation and maintenance in patients suffering from atrial fibrillation. We used complex, biophysical representations of cellular electrophysiology in highly detailed geometries constructed from patient scans. We heterogeneously varied electrophysiological and structural properties to see their effects on rotor initiation and maintenance. Our study suggests a metric for indicating the likelihood of success of pulmonary vein isolation. Thus either measuring this clinically, or running patient-specific simulations to estimate this metric may suggest whether ablation in addition to pulmonary vein isolation should be performed. Our study provides motivation for a retrospective clinical study or experimental study into this metric.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline H. Roney
- IHU Liryc, Electrophysiology and Heart Modeling Institute, foundation Bordeaux Université, F-33600 Pessac- Bordeaux, France
- Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jason D. Bayer
- IHU Liryc, Electrophysiology and Heart Modeling Institute, foundation Bordeaux Université, F-33600 Pessac- Bordeaux, France
- Univ. Bordeaux, IMB UMR 5251, CNRS, F-33400 Talence, France
| | - Hubert Cochet
- IHU Liryc, Electrophysiology and Heart Modeling Institute, foundation Bordeaux Université, F-33600 Pessac- Bordeaux, France
- Hôpital Cardiologique du Haut-L’évêque, Université de Bordeaux, LIRYC Institute: IHU LIRYC ANR-10-IAHU-04 and Equipex MUSIC ANR-11-EQPX-0030, Bordeaux, France
| | - Marianna Meo
- IHU Liryc, Electrophysiology and Heart Modeling Institute, foundation Bordeaux Université, F-33600 Pessac- Bordeaux, France
| | - Rémi Dubois
- IHU Liryc, Electrophysiology and Heart Modeling Institute, foundation Bordeaux Université, F-33600 Pessac- Bordeaux, France
| | - Pierre Jaïs
- IHU Liryc, Electrophysiology and Heart Modeling Institute, foundation Bordeaux Université, F-33600 Pessac- Bordeaux, France
- Hôpital Cardiologique du Haut-L’évêque, Université de Bordeaux, LIRYC Institute: IHU LIRYC ANR-10-IAHU-04 and Equipex MUSIC ANR-11-EQPX-0030, Bordeaux, France
| | - Edward J. Vigmond
- IHU Liryc, Electrophysiology and Heart Modeling Institute, foundation Bordeaux Université, F-33600 Pessac- Bordeaux, France
- Univ. Bordeaux, IMB UMR 5251, CNRS, F-33400 Talence, France
- * E-mail:
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16
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Calkins H, Hindricks G, Cappato R, Kim YH, Saad EB, Aguinaga L, Akar JG, Badhwar V, Brugada J, Camm J, Chen PS, Chen SA, Chung MK, Cosedis Nielsen J, Curtis AB, Davies DW, Day JD, d’Avila A, (Natasja) de Groot NMS, Di Biase L, Duytschaever M, Edgerton JR, Ellenbogen KA, Ellinor PT, Ernst S, Fenelon G, Gerstenfeld EP, Haines DE, Haissaguerre M, Helm RH, Hylek E, Jackman WM, Jalife J, Kalman JM, Kautzner J, Kottkamp H, Kuck KH, Kumagai K, Lee R, Lewalter T, Lindsay BD, Macle L, Mansour M, Marchlinski FE, Michaud GF, Nakagawa H, Natale A, Nattel S, Okumura K, Packer D, Pokushalov E, Reynolds MR, Sanders P, Scanavacca M, Schilling R, Tondo C, Tsao HM, Verma A, Wilber DJ, Yamane T. 2017 HRS/EHRA/ECAS/APHRS/SOLAECE expert consensus statement on catheter and surgical ablation of atrial fibrillation. Europace 2018; 20:e1-e160. [PMID: 29016840 PMCID: PMC5834122 DOI: 10.1093/europace/eux274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 708] [Impact Index Per Article: 118.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hugh Calkins
- From the Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD
| | | | - Riccardo Cappato
- Humanitas Research Hospital, Arrhythmias and Electrophysiology Research Center, Milan, Italy (Dr. Cappato is now with the Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy, and IRCCS, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Milan, Italy)
| | | | - Eduardo B Saad
- Hospital Pro-Cardiaco and Hospital Samaritano, Botafogo, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | - Vinay Badhwar
- West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV
| | - Josep Brugada
- Cardiovascular Institute, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - John Camm
- St. George's University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | - D Wyn Davies
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - John D Day
- Intermountain Medical Center Heart Institute, Salt Lake City, UT
| | | | | | - Luigi Di Biase
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore-Einstein Center for Heart & Vascular Care, Bronx, NY
| | | | | | | | | | - Sabine Ernst
- Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Guilherme Fenelon
- Albert Einstein Jewish Hospital, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Elaine Hylek
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Warren M Jackman
- Heart Rhythm Institute, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - Jose Jalife
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, the National Center for Cardiovascular Research Carlos III (CNIC) and CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jonathan M Kalman
- Royal Melbourne Hospital and University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Josef Kautzner
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Hans Kottkamp
- Hirslanden Hospital, Department of Electrophysiology, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Richard Lee
- Saint Louis University Medical School, St. Louis, MO
| | - Thorsten Lewalter
- Department of Cardiology and Intensive Care, Hospital Munich-Thalkirchen, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Laurent Macle
- Montreal Heart Institute, Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | | | - Francis E Marchlinski
- Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | - Hiroshi Nakagawa
- Heart Rhythm Institute, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - Andrea Natale
- Texas Cardiac Arrhythmia Institute, St. David's Medical Center, Austin, TX
| | - Stanley Nattel
- Montreal Heart Institute and Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada, McGill University, Montreal, Canada, and University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Ken Okumura
- Division of Cardiology, Saiseikai Kumamoto Hospital, Kumamoto, Japan
| | | | - Evgeny Pokushalov
- State Research Institute of Circulation Pathology, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | | | - Prashanthan Sanders
- Centre for Heart Rhythm Disorders, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Adelaide and Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, Australia
| | | | | | - Claudio Tondo
- Cardiac Arrhythmia Research Center, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Atul Verma
- Southlake Regional Health Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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17
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Calkins H, Hindricks G, Cappato R, Kim YH, Saad EB, Aguinaga L, Akar JG, Badhwar V, Brugada J, Camm J, Chen PS, Chen SA, Chung MK, Nielsen JC, Curtis AB, Davies DW, Day JD, d’Avila A, de Groot N(N, Di Biase L, Duytschaever M, Edgerton JR, Ellenbogen KA, Ellinor PT, Ernst S, Fenelon G, Gerstenfeld EP, Haines DE, Haissaguerre M, Helm RH, Hylek E, Jackman WM, Jalife J, Kalman JM, Kautzner J, Kottkamp H, Kuck KH, Kumagai K, Lee R, Lewalter T, Lindsay BD, Macle L, Mansour M, Marchlinski FE, Michaud GF, Nakagawa H, Natale A, Nattel S, Okumura K, Packer D, Pokushalov E, Reynolds MR, Sanders P, Scanavacca M, Schilling R, Tondo C, Tsao HM, Verma A, Wilber DJ, Yamane T. 2017 HRS/EHRA/ECAS/APHRS/SOLAECE expert consensus statement on catheter and surgical ablation of atrial fibrillation. Heart Rhythm 2017; 14:e275-e444. [PMID: 28506916 PMCID: PMC6019327 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2017.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1370] [Impact Index Per Article: 195.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hugh Calkins
- Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD
| | | | - Riccardo Cappato
- Humanitas Research Hospital, Arrhythmias and Electrophysiology Research Center, Milan, Italy (Dr. Cappato is now with the Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy, and IRCCS, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Milan, Italy)
| | | | - Eduardo B. Saad
- Hospital Pro-Cardiaco and Hospital Samaritano, Botafogo, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | - Vinay Badhwar
- West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV
| | - Josep Brugada
- Cardiovascular Institute, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - John Camm
- St. George’s University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | - D. Wyn Davies
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - John D. Day
- Intermountain Medical Center Heart Institute, Salt Lake City, UT
| | | | | | - Luigi Di Biase
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore-Einstein Center for Heart & Vascular Care, Bronx, NY
| | | | | | | | | | - Sabine Ernst
- Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Guilherme Fenelon
- Albert Einstein Jewish Hospital, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Elaine Hylek
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Warren M. Jackman
- Heart Rhythm Institute, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - Jose Jalife
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, the National Center for Cardiovascular Research Carlos III (CNIC) and CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jonathan M. Kalman
- Royal Melbourne Hospital and University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Josef Kautzner
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Hans Kottkamp
- Hirslanden Hospital, Department of Electrophysiology, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Richard Lee
- Saint Louis University Medical School, St. Louis, MO
| | - Thorsten Lewalter
- Department of Cardiology and Intensive Care, Hospital Munich-Thalkirchen, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Laurent Macle
- Montreal Heart Institute, Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | | | - Francis E. Marchlinski
- Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | - Hiroshi Nakagawa
- Heart Rhythm Institute, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - Andrea Natale
- Texas Cardiac Arrhythmia Institute, St. David’s Medical Center, Austin, TX
| | - Stanley Nattel
- Montreal Heart Institute and Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada, McGill University, Montreal, Canada, and University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Ken Okumura
- Division of Cardiology, Saiseikai Kumamoto Hospital, Kumamoto, Japan
| | | | - Evgeny Pokushalov
- State Research Institute of Circulation Pathology, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | | | - Prashanthan Sanders
- Centre for Heart Rhythm Disorders, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Adelaide and Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, Australia
| | | | | | - Claudio Tondo
- Cardiac Arrhythmia Research Center, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Atul Verma
- Southlake Regional Health Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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18
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WITHDRAWN: 2017 HRS/EHRA/ECAS/APHRS/SOLAECE expert consensus statement on catheter and surgical ablation of atrial fibrillation. J Arrhythm 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joa.2017.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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19
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Goldenberg GR, Burd D, Lodzinski P, Stabile G, Udell JA, Newman D, Shurrab M, Crystal E. Antiarrhythmic therapy as an adjuvant to promote post pulmonary vein isolation success-a meta-analysis. J Interv Card Electrophysiol 2016; 47:171-176. [PMID: 27357216 DOI: 10.1007/s10840-016-0157-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Three months of empirical antiarrhythmic drug (AAD) therapy after atrial fibrillation ablation (AFA) is a common practice to prevent early arrhythmia recurrence; the data of influence of this practice on longer term ablation outcomes is limited. PURPOSE The aim of this study was to perform a meta-analysis of published controlled trials comparing temporary AAD therapy after AFA with no AAD therapy in patients after AFA. The primary outcome was recurrence of arrhythmia. RESULTS 1Eight prospective trials were included. Among 2952 patients, 1991 (67 %) had paroxysmal AF, and 967 (32.7 %) had persistent AF. In total, 1502 patients were treated with AADs and 1450 patients served as a control group (no AAD therapy). Various class IC-III antiarrhythmics were used. Length of AAD administration varied between 6 and 12 weeks after start of AFA. The follow-up duration ranged from 1.5 to 17 months after stopping medication. Among AAD treated patients, the recurrence of arrhythmia rate was 30.69 vs. 33.79 % in control patients (odd ratio 0.86, 95 % CI 0.71-1.06, P = 0.15). In patients who received largely amiodarone, there was a trend for difference in recurrence of atrial arrhythmia (odds ratio 0.60, 95 % CI 0.34-1.09, P = 0.09). CONCLUSIONS Short-term post pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) AAD therapy does not substantially reduce overall recurrence of AF after ablation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel Burd
- Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | | | - Giuseppe Stabile
- Laboratorio di Elettrofisiologia, Casa di Cura San Michele, Maddaloni, Italy
| | - Jacob A Udell
- Women's College Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - David Newman
- Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Mohammed Shurrab
- Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Eugene Crystal
- Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Women's College Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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20
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Chen J, Yang ZG, Xu HY, Shi K, Long QH, Guo YK. Assessments of pulmonary vein and left atrial anatomical variants in atrial fibrillation patients for catheter ablation with cardiac CT. Eur Radiol 2016; 27:660-670. [PMID: 27229337 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-016-4411-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Revised: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To provide a road map of pulmonary vein (PV) and left atrial (LA) variants in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) before catheter ablation procedure using cardiac CT. METHODS Cardiac CT was performed in 1420 subjects for accurate anatomical information, including 710 patients with AF and 710 matched controls without AF. PV variants, PV ostia and spatial orientation, LA enlargement, and left atrial diverticulum (LAD) were measured, respectively. Differences between these two groups were also respectively compared. Some risk factors for the occurrence of LAD were analyzed. RESULTS In total, PV variants were observed in 202 (28.5 %) patients with AF patients and 206 (29.0 %) controls without AF (p = 0.8153). The ostial sizes of all accessory veins were generally smaller than those of the typical four PVs (p = 0.0153 to 0.3958). There was a significant difference of LA enlargement between the AF and control groups (36.3 % vs. 12.5 %, p < 0.0001), while the prevalence of LAD was similar in these two groups (43.2 % vs. 41.9 %, p = 0.6293). CONCLUSION PV variants are common. Detailed knowledge of PVs and LA variants are helpful for providing anatomical road map to determine ablation strategy. KEY POINTS • PVs variants are helpful for providing anatomical road map to ablation. • PV variants are common. • DSCT could recognize these anatomic features before ablation as a non-invasive imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37# Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Zhi-Gang Yang
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37# Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China.
| | - Hua-Yan Xu
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37# Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Ke Shi
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37# Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Qi-Hua Long
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37# Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Ying-Kun Guo
- Department of Radiology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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21
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Reversal of pulmonary vein remodeling after catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation. JOURNAL OF GERIATRIC CARDIOLOGY : JGC 2016; 13:163-8. [PMID: 27168743 PMCID: PMC4854956 DOI: 10.11909/j.issn.1671-5411.2016.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Background Pulmonary veins (PV) and the atria undergo electrical and structural remodeling in atrial fibrillation (AF). This study aimed to determine PV and left atrial (LA) reverse remodeling after catheter ablation for AF assessed by chest computed tomography (CT). Methods PV electrophysiologic studies and catheter ablation were performed in 63 patients (68% male; mean ± SD age: 56 ± 10 years) with symptomatic AF (49% paroxysmal, 51% persistent). Chest CT was performed before and 3 months after catheter ablation. Results At baseline, patients with persistent AF had a greater LA volume (91 ± 29 cm3vs. 66 ± 27 cm3; P = 0.003) and mean PV ostial area (241 ± 43 mm2vs. 212 ± 47 mm2; P = 0.03) than patients with paroxysmal AF. There was no significant correlation between the effective refractory period and the area of the left superior PV ostium. At 3 months of follow-up after ablation, 48 patients (76%) were AF free on or off antiarrhythmic drugs. There was a significant reduction in LA volume (77 ± 31 cm3 to 70 ± 28 cm3; P < 0.001) and mean PV ostial area (224 ± 48 mm2 to 182 ± 43 mm2; P < 0.001). Patients with persistent AF had more reduction in LA volume (11.8 ± 12.8 cm3vs. 4.0 ± 11.2 cm3; P = 0.04) and PV ostial area (62 mm2vs. 34 mm2; P = 0.04) than those who have paroxysmal AF. The reduction of the averaged PV ostial area was significantly correlated with the reduction of LA volume (r = 0.38, P = 0.03). Conclusions Catheter ablation of AF improves structural remodeling of PV ostia and left atrium. This finding is more apparent in patients with persistent AF treated by catheter ablation.
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Lin TT, Chiang JY, Liao MT, Tsai CT, Hwang JJ, Chiang FT, Lin JL, Lin LY. Primary prevention of atrial fibrillation with beta-blockers in patients with end-stage renal disease undergoing dialysis. Sci Rep 2015; 5:17731. [PMID: 26643783 PMCID: PMC4672347 DOI: 10.1038/srep17731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Current evidence suggests that beta-blocker lower the risk of development of atrial fibrillation (AF) and in-hospital stroke after cardiac surgery. This study was to assess whether beta-blockers could decrease incidence of new-onset AF in patients with end stage renal disease (ESRD). We identified patients from a nation-wide database called Registry for Catastrophic Illness, which encompassed almost 100% of the patients receiving dialysis therapy in Taiwan from 1995 to 2008. Propensity score matching and Cox’s proportional hazards regression model were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) for new-onset AF. Among 100066 patients, 41.7% received beta-blockers. After a median follow-up of 1500 days, the incidence of new-onset AF significantly decreased in patients treated with beta-blockers (HR = 0.483, 95% confidence interval = 0.437-0.534). The prevention of new-onset AF was significantly better in patients taking longer duration of beta-blockers therapy (P for time trend <0.001). The AF prevention effect remains robust in subgroup analyses. In conclusion, beta-blockers seem effective in the primary prevention of AF in ESRD patients. Hence, beta-blockers may be the target about upstream treatment of AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Tse Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin-Chu Branch, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan
| | - Jiun-Yang Chiang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin-Chu Branch, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan
| | - Min-Tsun Liao
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin-Chu Branch, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ti Tsai
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine and Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Juey Jen Hwang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine and Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Tien Chiang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine and Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jiunn-Lee Lin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine and Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Lian-Yu Lin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine and Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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23
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Zhang H, Liu L, Hu J, Song L. MicroRNA Regulatory Network Revealing the Mechanism of Inflammation in Atrial Fibrillation. Med Sci Monit 2015; 21:3505-13. [PMID: 26567235 PMCID: PMC4651320 DOI: 10.12659/msm.895982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a highly prevalent condition associated with high morbidity and mortality that can cause or exacerbate heart failure and is an important risk factor for stroke. AF is the disorganized propagation of electrical activity in the atrium, which prevents organized contractions. However, the effect of microRNAs and the patterns of the regulatory network of AF remain vague. MATERIAL AND METHODS The mRNA expression data of atrial tissue splices from 3 conditions - permanent atrial fibrillation (AF), sinus rhythm (SR), and human left ventricular non-failing myocardium (LV) - were downloaded from GSE2240 and the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the 3 kinds of samples were calculated. Then we constructed 3 miRNA-DEGs networks and these networks were integrated to construct the final merged AF-related microRNA regulatory network. Finally, we constructed the miRNA-inflammation networks to detect the roles of miRNAs in inflammation development of AF. RESULTS This network included 108 DEGs, and 27 microRNAs and DEGs are regulated by both microRNAs. We found that a sub-network composed by miR-124, miR-183, miR-215, miR-192, and a DEG of EGR1 were all represents in these 3 networks. Based on functional enrichment analysis, some biological process, such as energy and glucan metabolic process and heart and blood vessel development, were found to be regulated by miRNAs in AF. Some miRNAs, such as miR-26b and miR-355p, were involved in inflammation in AF. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, the microRNA regulatory network sheds new light on the molecular mechanism of AF with this non-coding regulated model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China (mainland)
| | - Liming Liu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China (mainland)
| | - Jianguo Hu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China (mainland)
| | - Long Song
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China (mainland)
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24
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KONRAD TORSTEN, THEIS CATHRIN, MOLLNAU HANKE, SONNENSCHEIN SEBASTIAN, OCETE BLANCAQUESADA, BOCK KARSTEN, MÜNZEL THOMAS, ROSTOCK THOMAS. Primary Persistent Atrial Fibrillation: A Distinct Arrhythmia Subentity of an Ablation Population. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2015; 26:1289-94. [DOI: 10.1111/jce.12818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Revised: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- TORSTEN KONRAD
- II. Medical Clinic, Department of Electrophysiology, University Medical Center; Johannes Gutenberg-University; Mainz Germany
| | - CATHRIN THEIS
- II. Medical Clinic, Department of Electrophysiology, University Medical Center; Johannes Gutenberg-University; Mainz Germany
| | - HANKE MOLLNAU
- II. Medical Clinic, Department of Electrophysiology, University Medical Center; Johannes Gutenberg-University; Mainz Germany
| | - SEBASTIAN SONNENSCHEIN
- II. Medical Clinic, Department of Electrophysiology, University Medical Center; Johannes Gutenberg-University; Mainz Germany
| | - BLANCA QUESADA OCETE
- II. Medical Clinic, Department of Electrophysiology, University Medical Center; Johannes Gutenberg-University; Mainz Germany
| | - KARSTEN BOCK
- II. Medical Clinic, Department of Electrophysiology, University Medical Center; Johannes Gutenberg-University; Mainz Germany
| | - THOMAS MÜNZEL
- II. Medical Clinic, Department of Electrophysiology, University Medical Center; Johannes Gutenberg-University; Mainz Germany
| | - THOMAS ROSTOCK
- II. Medical Clinic, Department of Electrophysiology, University Medical Center; Johannes Gutenberg-University; Mainz Germany
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25
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Kaitani K, Inoue K, Kobori A, Nakazawa Y, Ozawa T, Kurotobi T, Morishima I, Miura F, Watanabe T, Masuda M, Naito M, Fujimoto H, Nishida T, Furukawa Y, Shirayama T, Tanaka M, Okajima K, Yao T, Egami Y, Satomi K, Noda T, Miyamoto K, Haruna T, Kawaji T, Yoshizawa T, Toyota T, Yahata M, Nakai K, Sugiyama H, Higashi Y, Ito M, Horie M, Kusano KF, Shimizu W, Kamakura S, Morimoto T, Kimura T, Shizuta S. Efficacy of Antiarrhythmic Drugs Short-Term Use After Catheter Ablation for Atrial Fibrillation (EAST-AF) trial. Eur Heart J 2015; 37:610-8. [PMID: 26417061 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehv501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Substantial portion of early arrhythmia recurrence after catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation (AF) is considered to be due to irritability in left atrium (LA) from the ablation procedure. We sought to evaluate whether 90-day use of antiarrhythmic drug (AAD) following AF ablation could reduce the incidence of early arrhythmia recurrence and thereby promote reverse remodelling of LA, leading to improved long-term clinical outcomes. METHODS AND RESULTS A total of 2038 patients who had undergone radiofrequency catheter ablation for paroxysmal, persistent, or long-lasting AF were randomly assigned to either 90-day use of Vaughan Williams class I or III AAD (1016 patients) or control (1022 patients) group. The primary endpoint was recurrent atrial tachyarrhythmias lasting for >30 s or those requiring repeat ablation, hospital admission, or usage of class I or III AAD at 1 year, following the treatment period of 90 days post ablation. Patients assigned to AAD were associated with significantly higher event-free rate from recurrent atrial tachyarrhythmias when compared with the control group during the treatment period of 90 days [59.0 and 52.1%, respectively; adjusted hazard ratio (HR) 0.84; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.73-0.96; P = 0.01]. However, there was no significant difference in the 1-year event-free rates from the primary endpoint between the groups (69.5 and 67.8%, respectively; adjusted HR 0.93; 95% CI 0.79-1.09; P = 0.38). CONCLUSION Short-term use of AAD for 90 days following AF ablation reduced the incidence of recurrent atrial tachyarrhythmias during the treatment period, but it did not lead to improved clinical outcomes at the later phase.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Koichi Inoue
- Cardiovascular Center, Sakurabashi Watanabe Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kobori
- Division of Cardiology, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yuko Nakazawa
- Heart Rhythm Center, Department of Cardiovascular and Respiratory Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Tomoya Ozawa
- Heart Rhythm Center, Department of Cardiovascular and Respiratory Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | | | - Itsuro Morishima
- Department of Cardiology, Ogaki Municipal Hospital, Ogaki, Japan
| | - Fumiharu Miura
- Department of Cardiology, Hiroshima City Hiroshima Citizens Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | | | - Masaharu Masuda
- Cardiovascular Center, Kansai Rosai Hospital, Amagasaki, Japan
| | - Masaki Naito
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nara Prefecture Western Medical Center, Nara, Japan
| | - Hajime Fujimoto
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nara Prefecture Western Medical Center, Nara, Japan
| | - Taku Nishida
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan
| | - Yoshio Furukawa
- Division of Cardiology, Osaka General Medical Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takeshi Shirayama
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Mariko Tanaka
- Department of Cardiology, Japanese Red Cross Society Wakayama Medical Center, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Katsunori Okajima
- Department of Cardiology, Himeji Cardiovascular Center, Himeji, Japan
| | - Takenori Yao
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Okamura Memorial Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Egami
- Division of Cardiology, Osaka Rosai Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Satomi
- Division of Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
| | - Takashi Noda
- Division of Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
| | - Koji Miyamoto
- Division of Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Haruna
- Cardiovascular Center, Tazuke Medical Research Institute Kitano Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tetsuma Kawaji
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 54 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Takashi Yoshizawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 54 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Toyota
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 54 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiko Yahata
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 54 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Kentaro Nakai
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 54 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Sugiyama
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 54 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Yukei Higashi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Okamura Memorial Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Makoto Ito
- Heart Rhythm Center, Department of Cardiovascular and Respiratory Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Minoru Horie
- Heart Rhythm Center, Department of Cardiovascular and Respiratory Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Kengo F Kusano
- Division of Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
| | - Wataru Shimizu
- Division of Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shiro Kamakura
- Division of Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
| | - Takeshi Morimoto
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kimura
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 54 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Satoshi Shizuta
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 54 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
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Laish-Farkash A, Suleiman M. Primary Versus Secondary Atrial Fibrillation: Is it Time for a Different Classification of Atrial Fibrillation? J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2015; 26:1295-7. [PMID: 26391544 DOI: 10.1111/jce.12840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Avishag Laish-Farkash
- Electrophysiology and Pacing Unit, Department of Cardiology, Barzilai Medical Center, Ashkelon, and Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel
| | - Mahmoud Suleiman
- Electrophysiology and Pacing Unit, Department of Cardiology, Rambam Medical Center, Haifa, and Faculty of Medicine, Technion Israeli Institute of Technology, Israel
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27
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Angel N, Li LI, Macleod RS, Marrouche N, Ranjan R, Dosdall DJ. Diverse Fibrosis Architecture and Premature Stimulation Facilitate Initiation of Reentrant Activity Following Chronic Atrial Fibrillation. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2015; 26:1352-60. [PMID: 26249367 DOI: 10.1111/jce.12773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Revised: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 07/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF) often transition between sinus rhythm and AF. For AF to initiate there must be both a trigger and a substrate that facilitates reentrant activity. This trigger is often caused by a premature atrial contraction or focal activations within the atrium. We hypothesize that specific architectures of fibrosis alter local conduction to enable AF. METHODS AND RESULTS Control goats (n = 13) and goats in chronic AF (for an average of 6 months, n = 6) had a high-density electrode plaque placed on the LA appendage. Conduction patterns following a premature atrial contraction, caused by an electrical stimulation, were quantified to determine regions of conduction slowing. These regions were compared to architecture, either diffuse fibrosis or regions of obstructive fibrosis, and overall fibrosis levels as determined by histology from the mapped region. The chronic AF goats had more obstructive fibrosis than the controls (17.5 ± 8.0 fibers/mm(2) vs. 8.6 ± 3.0 fibers/mm(2)). Conduction velocity of the AF goats was significantly slowed compared to the control goats in the transverse direction (0.40 ± 0.04 m/s vs. 0.53 ± 0.15 m/s) but not in the longitudinal direction (0.70 ± 0.27 m/s vs. 0.76 ± 0.18 m/s). CONCLUSIONS AF-induced atrial remodeling leads to increased obstructive fibrosis and conduction velocity slowing transverse to fiber orientation following premature stimuli. The decrease in conduction velocity causes a decrease in the cardiac wavelength, and increases the likelihood of reentry and AF onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Angel
- Comprehensive Arrhythmia Research & Management Center, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - L I Li
- Comprehensive Arrhythmia Research & Management Center, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Rob S Macleod
- Comprehensive Arrhythmia Research & Management Center, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Nassir Marrouche
- Comprehensive Arrhythmia Research & Management Center, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.,Center for Engineering Innovation, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Ravi Ranjan
- Comprehensive Arrhythmia Research & Management Center, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Derek J Dosdall
- Comprehensive Arrhythmia Research & Management Center, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.,Center for Engineering Innovation, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
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Im SII, Chun KJ, Park SJ, Park KM, Kim JS, On YK. Long-term Prognosis of Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation and Predictors for Progression to Persistnt or Chronic Atrial Fibrillation in the Korean Population. J Korean Med Sci 2015; 30:895-902. [PMID: 26130952 PMCID: PMC4479943 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2015.30.7.895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Little is known about the long-term prognosis of or predictors for the different clinical types of atrial fibrillation (AF) in Korean populations. The aim of this study was to validate a risk stratification to assess the probability of AF progression from paroxysmal AF (PAF) to persistent AF (PeAF) or permanent AF. A total of 434 patients with PAF were consecutively enrolled (mean age; 71.7 ± 10.7 yr, 60.6% male). PeAF was defined as episodes that are sustained > 7 days and not self-terminating, while permanent AF was defined as an ongoing long-term episode. Atrial arrhythmia during follow-up was defined as atrial premature complex, atrial tachycardia, and atrial flutter. During a mean follow-up of 72.7 ± 58.3 months, 168 patients (38.7%) with PAF progressed to PeAF or permanent AF. The mean annual AF progression was 10.7% per year. In univariate analysis, age at diagnosis, body mass index, atrial arrhythmia during follow-up, left ventricular ejection fraction, concentric left ventricular hypertrophy, left atrial diameter (LAD), and severe mitral regurgitation (MR) were significantly associated with AF progression. In multivariate analysis, age at diagnosis (P = 0.009), atrial arrhythmia during follow-up (P = 0.015), LAD (P = 0.002) and MR grade (P = 0.026) were independent risk factors for AF progression. Patients with younger age at diagnosis, atrial arrhythmia during follow-up, larger left atrial chamber size, and severe MR grade are more likely to progress to PeAF or permanent AF, suggesting more intensive medical therapy with close clinical follow-up would be required in those patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung II Im
- Division of Cardiology, Kosin University Gospel Hospital, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Kwang Jin Chun
- Division of Cardiology, Heart Vascular and Stroke Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung-Jung Park
- Division of Cardiology, Heart Vascular and Stroke Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyoung-Min Park
- Division of Cardiology, Heart Vascular and Stroke Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - June Soo Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Heart Vascular and Stroke Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Keun On
- Division of Cardiology, Heart Vascular and Stroke Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Developing a New Computer-Aided Clinical Decision Support System for Prediction of Successful Postcardioversion Patients with Persistent Atrial Fibrillation. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2015; 2015:527815. [PMID: 26120354 PMCID: PMC4450306 DOI: 10.1155/2015/527815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Revised: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We propose a new algorithm to predict the outcome of direct-current electric (DCE) cardioversion for atrial fibrillation (AF) patients. AF is the most common cardiac arrhythmia and DCE cardioversion is a noninvasive treatment to end AF and return the patient to sinus rhythm (SR). Unfortunately, there is a high risk of AF recurrence in persistent AF patients; hence clinically it is important to predict the DCE outcome in order to avoid the procedure's side effects. This study develops a feature extraction and classification framework to predict AF recurrence patients from the underlying structure of atrial activity (AA). A multiresolution signal decomposition technique, based on matching pursuit (MP), was used to project the AA over a dictionary of wavelets. Seven novel features were derived from the decompositions and were employed in a quadratic discrimination analysis classification to predict the success of post-DCE cardioversion in 40 patients with persistent AF. The proposed algorithm achieved 100% sensitivity and 95% specificity, indicating that the proposed computational approach captures detailed structural information about the underlying AA and could provide reliable information for effective management of AF.
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Chen-Scarabelli C, Scarabelli TM, Ellenbogen KA, Halperin JL. Device-Detected Atrial Fibrillation. J Am Coll Cardiol 2015; 65:281-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2014.10.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2014] [Revised: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Schäffer B, Hoffmann BA, Sultan A, Schreiber D, Akbulak Ö, Moser J, Steven D, Willems S. [Catheter ablation of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation: state of the art]. Herzschrittmacherther Elektrophysiol 2014; 25:214-219. [PMID: 25070932 DOI: 10.1007/s00399-014-0332-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2014] [Accepted: 06/12/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation is the most common form of arrhythmia worldwide and is associated with potentially severe complications. Apart from antiarrhythmic drug therapy, interventional treatment by catheter ablation has emerged as an effective and safe alternative notably for the paroxysmal form. The pulmonary veins (PV) have been identified as a major source in the setting of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. Circumferential wide area PV isolation, optimization of procedural techniques and the positioning of an ablation line deep in the left atrium have contributed to the increased success rates; however, the procedure is still associated with potentially severe complications and should therefore be carried out in centers with sufficient case numbers and operators with corresponding training and experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Schäffer
- Klinik für Kardiologie mit Schwerpunkt Elektrophysiologie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg Eppendorf, Universitäres Herzzentrum Hamburg, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Deutschland,
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32
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Liu Q, Chen D, Wang Y, Zhao X, Zheng Y. Cardiac autonomic nerve distribution and arrhythmia. Neural Regen Res 2014; 7:2834-41. [PMID: 25317134 PMCID: PMC4190866 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5374.2012.35.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2012] [Accepted: 11/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To analyze the distribution characteristics of cardiac autonomic nerves and to explore the correlation between cardiac autonomic nerve distribution and arrhythmia. DATA RETRIEVAL: A computer-based retrieval was performed for papers examining the distribution of cardiac autonomic nerves, using heart, autonomic nerve, sympathetic nerve, vagus nerve, nerve distribution, rhythm and atrial fibrillation as the key words. SELECTION CRITERIA: A total of 165 studies examining the distribution of cardiac autonomic nerve were screened, and 46 of them were eventually included. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The distribution and characteristics of cardiac autonomic nerves were observed, and immunohistochemical staining was applied to determine the levels of tyrosine hydroxylase and acetylcholine transferase (main markers of cardiac autonomic nerve distribution). In addition, the correlation between cardiac autonomic nerve distribution and cardiac arrhythmia was investigated. RESULTS: Cardiac autonomic nerves were reported to exhibit a disordered distribution in different sites, mainly at the surface of the cardiac atrium and pulmonary vein, forming a ganglia plexus. The distribution of the pulmonary vein autonomic nerve was prominent at the proximal end rather than the distal end, at the upper left rather than the lower right, at the epicardial membrane rather than the endocardial membrane, at the left atrium rather than the right atrium, and at the posterior wall rather than the anterior wall. The main markers used for cardiac autonomic nerves were tyrosine hydroxylase and acetylcholine transferase. Protein gene product 9.5 was used to label the immunoreactive nerve distribution, and the distribution density of autonomic nerves was determined using a computer-aided morphometric analysis system. CONCLUSION: The uneven distribution of the cardiac autonomic nerves is the leading cause of the occurrence of arrhythmia, and the cardiac autonomic nerves play an important role in the occurrence, maintenance, and symptoms of arrhythmia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Dongmei Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Yonggang Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Yang Zheng
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China
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Yin X, Zhao Y, Xi Y, Cheng N, Xia Y, Zhang S, Dong Y, Chang D, Cheng J, Yang Y, Gao L. The early stage of the atrial electroanatomic remodeling as substrates for atrial fibrillation in hypertensive patients. J Am Heart Assoc 2014; 3:e001033. [PMID: 25237045 PMCID: PMC4323835 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.114.001033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypertension is one of the most important risk factors for atrial fibrillation (AF). Recent studies suggest right atrial remodeling in hypertensive patients may be associated with increased inducibility of AF. This study sought to characterize the electroanatomic features of left and right atria and pulmonary veins (PVs) in hypertensive patients. METHODS AND RESULTS A prospective observational study was conducted on patients who underwent ablation for paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia or paroxysmal AF. Electrophysiological features of the PVs and atria, including event-related potentials, conduction time, and inducibility and vulnerability of AF, were characterized during cardiac catheterization. Anatomic and hemodynamic features were assessed by using echocardiographic and computer tomography imaging. When 15 hypertensive patients with paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia were compared with 17 normotensive patients with paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia, the hypertensive patients had significantly shortened PV event-related potentials with increased dispersions (P<0.001) but slightly prolonged atrial event-related potentials (P=NS) and had prolonged interatrial and intra-atrial conduction times (P<0.001). Additionally, the hypertensive patients had increased vulnerability and inducibility of AF and prolonged duration of induced AF (P<0.01). All of these changes were more pronounced in hypertensive patients with paroxysmal AF. Anatomically, compared with the normotensive patients, the diameters of 4 PVs in the hypertensive patients with paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia were significantly enlarged (P<0.01) and became more remarkable in hypertensive patients with paroxysmal AF (P<0.0001), although the diameter and volume index of the left atrium among 3 groups were similar. CONCLUSIONS The hypertensive patients showed electroanatomic changes associated with increased vulnerability to AF, including shortened event-related potentials with increased dispersion, prolonged conduction time, and increased PV diameter, but these changes were not appreciated in the atria. Additionally, these changes became more dramatic in hypertensive patients with paroxysmal AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomeng Yin
- First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China (X.Y., Y.Z., Y.X., S.Z., Y.D., D.C., Y.Y., L.G.) Texas Heart Institute/St Luke's Hospital, Houston, TX (X.Y., Y.X., N.C., J.C.)
| | - Yan Zhao
- First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China (X.Y., Y.Z., Y.X., S.Z., Y.D., D.C., Y.Y., L.G.)
| | - Yutao Xi
- Texas Heart Institute/St Luke's Hospital, Houston, TX (X.Y., Y.X., N.C., J.C.) Section of Cardiology, University of Texas School of Medicine at Houston, Houston, TX (Y.X., J.C.)
| | - Nancy Cheng
- Texas Heart Institute/St Luke's Hospital, Houston, TX (X.Y., Y.X., N.C., J.C.)
| | - Yunlong Xia
- First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China (X.Y., Y.Z., Y.X., S.Z., Y.D., D.C., Y.Y., L.G.)
| | - Shulong Zhang
- First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China (X.Y., Y.Z., Y.X., S.Z., Y.D., D.C., Y.Y., L.G.)
| | - Yingxue Dong
- First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China (X.Y., Y.Z., Y.X., S.Z., Y.D., D.C., Y.Y., L.G.)
| | - Dong Chang
- First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China (X.Y., Y.Z., Y.X., S.Z., Y.D., D.C., Y.Y., L.G.)
| | - Jie Cheng
- Texas Heart Institute/St Luke's Hospital, Houston, TX (X.Y., Y.X., N.C., J.C.) Section of Cardiology, University of Texas School of Medicine at Houston, Houston, TX (Y.X., J.C.)
| | - Yanzong Yang
- First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China (X.Y., Y.Z., Y.X., S.Z., Y.D., D.C., Y.Y., L.G.)
| | - Lianjun Gao
- First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China (X.Y., Y.Z., Y.X., S.Z., Y.D., D.C., Y.Y., L.G.)
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Effect of pulmonary vein isolation on atrial fibrillation recurrence after ablation of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia in patients with high dispersion of atrial refractoriness. J Interv Card Electrophysiol 2014; 41:169-75. [PMID: 25227867 DOI: 10.1007/s10840-014-9937-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 07/09/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to assess pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) efficacy on atrial fibrillation (AF) recurrence and to determine a predictive dispersion of atrial refractoriness (dERP) value for performing PVI in paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT) patients. METHODS Of 67 PSVT patients with past AF episodes who underwent accessory pathway (AP) or slow pathway of atrioventricular node ablation, 63 (4 lost to follow-up or death) were assigned into two groups (A and B; 29 and 34 patients, respectively) based on whether they underwent or not subsequent PVI, and all were followed-up up to 3 years. Atrial effective refractory period (AERP) and dERP were measured during the ablation procedure. RESULTS In receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, dERP = 74.5 ms effectively predicted AF recurrence in PSVT patients (p = 0.003). Difference in AF recurrence rate between groups did not reach statistical significance (17.2%, 5/29 vs. 29.4%, 10/34, p = 0.203). AF recurrence rate was lower in patients with dERP >74.5 ms who underwent AP or slow-pathway ablation with vs. without PVI (18.2%, 2/11 vs. 77.8%, 7/9, p = 0.012). CONCLUSIONS PVI addition after successful AP or slow pathway of atrioventricular node ablation significantly reduced AF recurrence in PSVT patients with high atrial vulnerability (dERP >74.5 ms).
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Chun S. A mathematical model of the unidirectional block caused by the pulmonary veins for anatomically induced atrial reentry. J Biol Phys 2014; 40:219-58. [PMID: 24789612 DOI: 10.1007/s10867-014-9340-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2013] [Accepted: 01/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
It is widely believed that the pulmonary veins (PVs) of the left atrium play the central role in the generation of anatomically induced atrial reentry but its mechanism has not been analytically explained. To understand this mechanism, a new analytic approach is proposed by adapting the geometric relative acceleration analysis from spacetime physics based on the hypothesis that a large relative acceleration can translate to a dramatic increase in the curvature of a wavefront and subsequently to conduction failure. By verifying the strong dependency of the propagational direction and the magnitude of anisotropy for conduction failure, this analytic method reveals that a unidirectional block can be generated by asymmetric propagation toward the PVs. This model is validated by computational tests in a T-shaped domain, computational simulations for three-dimensional atrial reentry and previous in-silico reports for anatomically induced atrial reentry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sehun Chun
- African Institute for Mathematical Sciences and Stellenbosch University, 5 Melrose Road, Muizenberg, Cape Town, 7945, South Africa,
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Eitel C, Piorkowski C, Hindricks G. Clinical relevance and management of early recurrences after catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 2014; 9:849-52. [DOI: 10.1586/erc.11.66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Does the amount of atrial mass reduction improve clinical outcomes after radiofrequency catheter ablation for long-standing persistent atrial fibrillation? Comparison between linear ablation and defragmentation. Int J Cardiol 2014; 171:37-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2013.11.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2013] [Revised: 10/09/2013] [Accepted: 11/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Deftereos S, Giannopoulos G, Papoutsidakis N, Panagopoulou V, Kossyvakis C, Raisakis K, Cleman MW, Stefanadis C. Colchicine and the Heart. J Am Coll Cardiol 2013; 62:1817-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2013.08.726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2013] [Revised: 08/12/2013] [Accepted: 08/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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40
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Im SI, Shin SY, Na JO, Kim YH, Choi CU, Kim SH, Kim JW, Kim EJ, Han SW, Rha SW, Park CG, Seo HS, Oh DJ, Hwang C, Lim HE. Usefulness of neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio in predicting early recurrence after radiofrequency catheter ablation in patients with atrial fibrillation. Int J Cardiol 2013; 168:4398-400. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2013.05.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2013] [Accepted: 05/04/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Fredersdorf S, Ucer E, Jungbauer C, Dornia C, Eglmeier J, Eissnert C, Hamer OW, Weber S, Arzt M, von Bary C. Lone atrial fibrillation as a positive predictor of left atrial volume reduction following ablation of atrial fibrillation. Europace 2013; 16:26-32. [DOI: 10.1093/europace/eut152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Maan A, Mansour M, N Ruskin J, Heist EK. Current Evidence and Recommendations for Rate Control in Atrial Fibrillation. Arrhythm Electrophysiol Rev 2013; 2:30-5. [PMID: 26835037 PMCID: PMC4711525 DOI: 10.15420/aer.2013.2.1.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2013] [Accepted: 04/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac arrhythmia encountered in clinical practice, which is associated with substantial risk of stroke and thromboembolism. As an arrhythmia that is particularly common in the elderly, it is an important contributor towards morbidity and mortality. Ventricular rate control has been a preferred and therapeutically convenient treatment strategy for the management of AF. Recent research in the field of rhythm control has led to the advent of newer antiarrhythmic drugs and catheter ablation techniques as newer therapeutic options. Currently available antiarrhythmic drugs still remain limited by their suboptimal efficacy and significant adverse effects. Catheter ablation as a newer modality to achieve sinus rhythm (SR) continues to evolve, but data on long-term outcomes on its efficacy and mortality outcomes are not yet available. Despite these current developments, rate control continues to be the front-line treatment strategy, especially in older and minimally symptomatic patients who might not tolerate the antiarrhythmic drug treatment. This review article discusses the current evidence and recommendations for ventricular rate control in the management of AF. We also highlight the considerations for rhythm control strategy in the management of patients of AF.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - E Kevin Heist
- Assistant Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, US
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Atrial remodeling in varying clinical substrates within beating human hearts: Relevance to atrial fibrillation. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2012; 110:278-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2012.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2012] [Accepted: 07/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Cardiac remodeling as a consequence of atrial fibrillation: An anatomical study of perfusion-fixed human heart specimens. J Geriatr Cardiol 2012; 8:141-6. [PMID: 22783300 PMCID: PMC3390070 DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1263.2011.00141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2011] [Revised: 09/10/2011] [Accepted: 09/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Atrial fibrillation (AF) causes a continuum of atrial anatomical remodeling. Methods Using a library of perfusion-fixed human hearts, specimens with AF were compared to controls. During this preliminary assessment study, direct measurements were taken of atrial volume, pulmonary vein (PV) circumference, and left atrial (LA) wall thicknesses. Results Hearts with AF typically had larger atrial volumes, as well as a much larger variation in volume compared to controls (range of 59.6–227.1 mL in AF hearts compared to 65.1–115.9 mL in controls). For all hearts, right PVs were larger than left PVs (mean: 171.4 ± 84.6 mm[2] for right and 118.2 ± 50.1 mm[2] for left, P < 0.005). LA wall thicknesses ranged from 0.7 mm to 3.1 mm for both AF and control hearts. Conclusions Hearts with AF had a large range of sizes which is consistent with the progression of atrial remodeling during AF. The large range of thicknesses will influence the amount of energy needed to create transmural lesions during ablation procedures.
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Dössel O, Krueger MW, Weber FM, Wilhelms M, Seemann G. Computational modeling of the human atrial anatomy and electrophysiology. Med Biol Eng Comput 2012; 50:773-99. [PMID: 22718317 DOI: 10.1007/s11517-012-0924-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2011] [Accepted: 05/21/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
This review article gives a comprehensive survey of the progress made in computational modeling of the human atria during the last 10 years. Modeling the anatomy has emerged from simple "peanut"-like structures to very detailed models including atrial wall and fiber direction. Electrophysiological models started with just two cellular models in 1998. Today, five models exist considering e.g. details of intracellular compartments and atrial heterogeneity. On the pathological side, modeling atrial remodeling and fibrotic tissue are the other important aspects. The bridge to data that are measured in the catheter laboratory and on the body surface (ECG) is under construction. Every measurement can be used either for model personalization or for validation. Potential clinical applications are briefly outlined and future research perspectives are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olaf Dössel
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany.
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Munger TM, Dong YX, Masaki M, Oh JK, Mankad SV, Borlaug BA, Asirvatham SJ, Shen WK, Lee HC, Bielinski SJ, Hodge DO, Herges RM, Buescher TL, Wu JH, Ma C, Zhang Y, Chen PS, Packer DL, Cha YM. Electrophysiological and hemodynamic characteristics associated with obesity in patients with atrial fibrillation. J Am Coll Cardiol 2012; 60:851-60. [PMID: 22726633 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2012.03.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2011] [Revised: 02/27/2012] [Accepted: 03/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The authors sought to characterize the left atrial (LA) and pulmonary vein (PV) electrophysiological and hemodynamic features in obese patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). BACKGROUND Obesity is associated with increased risk for AF. METHODS A total of 63 consecutive patients with AF who had normal left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction and who underwent catheter ablation were studied. Atrial and PV electrophysiological studies were performed at the time of ablation with hemodynamic assessment by cardiac catheterization, and LA/LV structure and function by echocardiography. Patients were compared on the basis of body mass index (BMI): <25 kg/m(2) (n = 19) and BMI ≥30 kg/m(2) (n = 44). RESULTS At a 600-ms pacing cycle length, obese patients had shorter effective refractory period (ERP) in the left atrium (251 ± 25 ms vs. 233 ± 32 ms, p = 0.04), and in the proximal (207 ± 33 ms vs. 248 ± 34 ms, p < 0.001) and distal (193 ± 33 ms vs. 248 ± 44 ms, p < 0.001) PV than normal BMI patients. Obese patients had higher mean LA pressure (15 ± 5 mm Hg vs. 10 ± 5 mm Hg, p < 0.001) and LA volume index (28 ± 12 ml/m(2) vs. 21 ± 14 ml/m(2), p = 0.006), and lower LA strain (5.5 ± 3.1% vs. 8.8 ± 2.8%; p < 0.001) than normal BMI patients. CONCLUSIONS Increased LA pressure and volume, and shortened ERP in the left atrium and PV are potential factors facilitating and perpetuating AF in obese patients with AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas M Munger
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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Jarman JWE, Wong T, Kojodjojo P, Spohr H, Davies JE, Roughton M, Francis DP, Kanagaratnam P, Markides V, Davies DW, Peters NS. Spatiotemporal behavior of high dominant frequency during paroxysmal and persistent atrial fibrillation in the human left atrium. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol 2012; 5:650-8. [PMID: 22722660 DOI: 10.1161/circep.111.967992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sites of high dominant frequency (DF(peak)) are thought to indicate the location of drivers of atrial fibrillation (AF), but characterization of their spatiotemporal distribution and stability, critical to their relevance as targets for catheter ablation, requires simultaneous global mapping of the left atrium. METHODS AND RESULTS Noncontact electrograms recorded simultaneously from 256 left atrial sites during spontaneous AF were analyzed. After subtraction of the ventricular component, fast Fourier transform identified the DF at each site. Focal areas of DF(peak) were defined as those having a DF >20% above all neighboring sites. Twenty-four patients with spontaneous AF (11 paroxysmal and 13 persistent) were studied. In paroxysmal AF, sites of DF(peak) (mean DF, 11.6±2.9 Hz) were observed in 100% of patients (present during 65% of the mapping period). In contrast, DF(peak) was detected in only 31% of patients with persistent AF (P<0.001) and for only 5% of the mapping period (P<0.001). In both groups, locations of DF(peak) varied widely in both consecutive and separated segments of AF (κ coefficient range, -0.07-0.22). Activation sequences around sites of DF(peak) did not demonstrate centrifugal activation that would be expected from focal drivers. CONCLUSIONS Focal areas of high DF are more frequent in paroxysmal than persistent AF, are spatiotemporally unstable, are not the source of centrifugal activation, and are not, therefore, indicative of fixed drivers of AF. In the absence of spatiotemporal stability, the success of ablation at sites of DF(peak) cannot be explained by elimination of fixed drivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian W E Jarman
- Department of Cardiology, St Mary's Hospital, and Myocardial Function, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
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Krogh-Madsen T, Abbott GW, Christini DJ. Effects of electrical and structural remodeling on atrial fibrillation maintenance: a simulation study. PLoS Comput Biol 2012; 8:e1002390. [PMID: 22383869 PMCID: PMC3285569 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1002390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2011] [Accepted: 01/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation, a common cardiac arrhythmia, often progresses unfavourably: in patients with long-term atrial fibrillation, fibrillatory episodes are typically of increased duration and frequency of occurrence relative to healthy controls. This is due to electrical, structural, and contractile remodeling processes. We investigated mechanisms of how electrical and structural remodeling contribute to perpetuation of simulated atrial fibrillation, using a mathematical model of the human atrial action potential incorporated into an anatomically realistic three-dimensional structural model of the human atria. Electrical and structural remodeling both shortened the atrial wavelength--electrical remodeling primarily through a decrease in action potential duration, while structural remodeling primarily slowed conduction. The decrease in wavelength correlates with an increase in the average duration of atrial fibrillation/flutter episodes. The dependence of reentry duration on wavelength was the same for electrical vs. structural remodeling. However, the dynamics during atrial reentry varied between electrical, structural, and combined electrical and structural remodeling in several ways, including: (i) with structural remodeling there were more occurrences of fragmented wavefronts and hence more filaments than during electrical remodeling; (ii) dominant waves anchored around different anatomical obstacles in electrical vs. structural remodeling; (iii) dominant waves were often not anchored in combined electrical and structural remodeling. We conclude that, in simulated atrial fibrillation, the wavelength dependence of reentry duration is similar for electrical and structural remodeling, despite major differences in overall dynamics, including maximal number of filaments, wave fragmentation, restitution properties, and whether dominant waves are anchored to anatomical obstacles or spiralling freely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trine Krogh-Madsen
- Greenberg Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, United States of America
- Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Geoffrey W. Abbott
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - David J. Christini
- Greenberg Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, United States of America
- Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Kumar S, Sutherland F, Teh AW, Heck PM, Lee G, Garg ML, Sparks PB. Effects of chronic omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation on human pulmonary vein and left atrial electrophysiology in paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. Am J Cardiol 2011; 108:531-5. [PMID: 21624541 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2011.03.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2011] [Revised: 03/29/2011] [Accepted: 03/31/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in fish oils may have antifibrillatory effects; however, their electrophysiologic effects in paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF) remain unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of chronic fish oil supplementation on human pulmonary vein (PV) and left atrial electrophysiology in PAF. Patients with PAF undergoing PV isolation were randomized ≥1 month before their procedure into a control group (n = 18) or a fish oil group (n = 18) in an unblinded fashion. The latter were supplemented with fish oil 6 g/day for a mean of 40 ± 12 days. Pulmonary venous and left atrial effective refractory periods (ERPs), PV conduction, and susceptibility to AF initiated within PVs were assessed. Compared to the control group, the fish oil group had (1) longer left-sided (p = 0.002) and right-sided (p = 0.001) pulmonary venous ERPs; (2) less dispersion of pulmonary venous ERPs (left PVs p = 0.001, right PVs p = 0.07); (3) longer left atrial ERPs (p = 0.02); (4) no difference in pulmonary venous conduction; (5) lower incidence of AF initiated from PVs during ERP testing (77% vs 31%, p = 0.02); and (6) prolongation of mean AF cycle length (p = 0.009) and shortest AF cycle length in PVs (p = 0.04). In conclusion, patients with PAF chronically supplemented with fish oils exhibit distinctive electrophysiologic properties including prolonged pulmonary venous and left atrial ERPs and decreased susceptibility to initiation AF from within PVs. These changes may in part explain the antifibrillatory effect of chronic omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation in patients with PAF.
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Weber FM, Luik A, Schilling C, Seemann G, Krueger MW, Lorenz C, Schmitt C, Dossel O. Conduction velocity restitution of the human atrium--an efficient measurement protocol for clinical electrophysiological studies. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2011; 58:2648-55. [PMID: 21708491 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2011.2160453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Conduction velocity (CV) and CV restitution are important substrate parameters for understanding atrial arrhythmias. The aim of this work is to (i) present a simple but feasible method to measure CV restitution in-vivo using standard circular catheters, and (ii) validate its feasibility with data measured during incremental pacing. From five patients undergoing catheter ablation, we analyzed eight datasets from sinus rhythm and incremental pacing sequences. Every wavefront was measured with a circular catheter and the electrograms were analyzed with a cosine-fit method that calculated the local CV. For each pacing cycle length, the mean local CV was determined. Furthermore, changes in global CV were estimated from the time delay between pacing stimulus and wavefront arrival. Comparing local and global CV between pacing at 500 and 300 ms, we found significant changes in seven of eight pacing sequences. On average, local CV decreased by 20 ± 15% and global CV by 17 ± 13%. The method allows for in-vivo measurements of absolute CV and CV restitution during standard clinical procedures. Such data may provide valuable insights into mechanisms of atrial arrhythmias. This is important both for improving cardiac models and also for clinical applications, such as characterizing arrhythmogenic substrates during sinus rhythm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank M Weber
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
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