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Noll D, Kehr D, Most P, Ritterhoff J. S100A1: a promising therapeutic target for heart failure. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2024; 28:233-236. [PMID: 38641766 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2024.2345746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Dorothea Noll
- Molecular and Translational Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dorothea Kehr
- Molecular and Translational Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Patrick Most
- Molecular and Translational Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Center for Translational Medicine, Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Julia Ritterhoff
- Molecular and Translational Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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2
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Vora N, Patel P, Gajjar A, Ladani P, Konat A, Bhanderi D, Gadam S, Prajjwal P, Sharma K, Arunachalam SP. Gene therapy for heart failure: A novel treatment for the age old disease. Dis Mon 2024; 70:101636. [PMID: 37734966 DOI: 10.1016/j.disamonth.2023.101636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Across the globe, cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of mortality. According to reports, around 6.2 million people in the United states have heart failure. Current standards of care for heart failure can delay but not prevent progression of disease. Gene therapy is one of the novel treatment modalities that promises to fill this limitation in the current standard of care for Heart Failure. In this paper we performed an extensive search of the literature on various advances made in gene therapy for heart failure till date. We review the delivery methods, targets, current applications, trials, limitations and feasibility of gene therapy for heart failure. Various methods have been employed till date for administering gene therapies including but not limited to arterial and venous infusion, direct myocardial injection and pericardial injection. Various strategies such as AC6 expression, S100A1 protein upregulation, VEGF-B and SDF-1 gene therapy have shown promise in recent preclinical trials. Furthermore, few studies even show that stimulation of cardiomyocyte proliferation such as through cyclin A2 overexpression is a realistic avenue. However, a considerable number of obstacles need to be overcome for gene therapy to be part of standard treatment of care such as definitive choice of gene, gene delivery systems and a suitable method for preclinical trials and clinical trials on patients. Considering the challenges and taking into account the recent advances in gene therapy research, there are encouraging signs to indicate gene therapy for heart failure to be a promising treatment modality for the future. However, the time and feasibility of this option remains in a situation of balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neel Vora
- B. J. Medical College, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Parth Patel
- Pramukhswami Medical College, Karamsad, India
| | | | | | - Ashwati Konat
- University School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, India
| | | | | | | | - Kamal Sharma
- U. N. Mehta Institute of Cardiology and Research Centre, Ahmedabad, India.
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Kho C. Targeting calcium regulators as therapy for heart failure: focus on the sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca-ATPase pump. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1185261. [PMID: 37534277 PMCID: PMC10392702 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1185261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Impaired myocardial Ca2+ cycling is a critical contributor to the development of heart failure (HF), causing changes in the contractile function and structure remodeling of the heart. Within cardiomyocytes, the regulation of sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+ storage and release is largely dependent on Ca2+ handling proteins, such as the SR Ca2+ ATPase (SERCA2a) pump. During the relaxation phase of the cardiac cycle (diastole), SERCA2a plays a critical role in transporting cytosolic Ca2+ back to the SR, which helps to restore both cytosolic Ca2+ levels to their resting state and SR Ca2+ content for the next contraction. However, decreased SERCA2a expression and/or pump activity are key features in HF. As a result, there is a growing interest in developing therapeutic approaches to target SERCA2a. This review provides an overview of the regulatory mechanisms of the SERCA2a pump and explores potential strategies for SERCA2a-targeted therapy, which are being investigated in both preclinical and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changwon Kho
- Division of Applied Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
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4
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Zhou Y, Zha Y, Yang Y, Ma T, Li H, Liang J. S100 proteins in cardiovascular diseases. Mol Med 2023; 29:68. [PMID: 37217870 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-023-00662-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases have become a serious threat to human health and life worldwide and have the highest fatality rate. Therefore, the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases have become a focus for public health experts. The expression of S100 proteins is cell- and tissue-specific; they are implicated in cardiovascular, neurodegenerative, and inflammatory diseases and cancer. This review article discusses the progress in the research on the role of S100 protein family members in cardiovascular diseases. Understanding the mechanisms by which these proteins exert their biological function may provide novel concepts for preventing, treating, and predicting cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhou
- Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yiwen Zha
- Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yongqi Yang
- Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Tan Ma
- Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hongliang Li
- Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Jingyan Liang
- Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, Jiangsu, China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.
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5
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Zhu T, Brown AP, Cai LP, Quon G, Ji H. Single-Cell RNA-Seq Analysis Reveals Lung Epithelial Cell Type-Specific Responses to HDM and Regulation by Tet1. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13050880. [PMID: 35627266 PMCID: PMC9140484 DOI: 10.3390/genes13050880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tet1 protects against house dust mite (HDM)-induced lung inflammation in mice and alters the lung methylome and transcriptome. In order to explore the role of Tet1 in individual lung epithelial cell types in HDM-induced inflammation, we established a model of HDM-induced lung inflammation in Tet1 knockout and littermate wild-type mice, then studied EpCAM+ lung epithelial cells using single-cell RNA-seq analysis. We identified eight EpCAM+ lung epithelial cell types, among which AT2 cells were the most abundant. HDM challenge altered the relative abundance of epithelial cell types and resulted in cell type-specific transcriptomic changes. Bulk and cell type-specific analysis also showed that loss of Tet1 led to the altered expression of genes linked to augmented HDM-induced lung inflammation, including alarms, detoxification enzymes, oxidative stress response genes, and tissue repair genes. The transcriptomic regulation was accompanied by alterations in TF activities. Trajectory analysis supports that HDM may enhance the differentiation of AP and BAS cells into AT2 cells, independent of Tet1. Collectively, our data showed that lung epithelial cells had common and unique transcriptomic signatures of allergic lung inflammation. Tet1 deletion altered transcriptomic networks in various lung epithelial cells, which may promote allergen-induced lung inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhu
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (T.Z.); (A.P.B.); (L.P.C.)
| | - Anthony P. Brown
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (T.Z.); (A.P.B.); (L.P.C.)
| | - Lucy P. Cai
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (T.Z.); (A.P.B.); (L.P.C.)
| | - Gerald Quon
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Genome Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA;
| | - Hong Ji
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (T.Z.); (A.P.B.); (L.P.C.)
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-530-754-0679
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Li X, Wang X, Sun T, Ping Y, Dai Y, Liu Z, Wang Y, Wang D, Xia X, Shan H, Zhang W, Tao Z. S100A1 is a sensitive and specific cardiac biomarker for early diagnosis and prognostic assessment of acute myocardial infarction measured by chemiluminescent immunoassay. Clin Chim Acta 2021; 516:71-76. [PMID: 33476588 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2021.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A member of the S100 family of Ca2+-binding proteins, S100A1 is highly expressed in cardiac muscle tissue. Although this protein is considered an indicator of acute myocardial infarction (AMI), high-throughput and sensitive detection methods are still urgently needed. We constructed a rapid and sensitive method for detecting S100A1 and to investigate the clinical utility of S100A1 as a biomarker for the early diagnosis of AMI and subsequent prognostic assessments. We developed an automated chemiluminescent immunoassay to detect S100A1. We then analyzed the performance of the newly developed assay including evaluation of the analytical sensitivity, analytical selectivity, linear range, accuracy and repeatability. METHODS We recruited 87 patients with AMI or angina pectoris to explore the value of this marker for the early diagnosis and prognostic assessment. RESULTS The chemiluminescent-immune-based S100A1 assay had functional analytical sensitivity with a detection limit of 0.13 ng/ml, and a wide linear range of 0.13-31.66 ng/ml. It also exhibited good repeatability with intra-assay and inter-assay findings of <5% and <15%, respectively. Plasma S100A1 was found to have a higher diagnostic sensitivity than conventional cardiac biomarkers (creatine kinase-MB and cardiac troponin T). The survival analysis showed that a higher concentration of plasma S100A1 (>1.02 ng/ml) was notably associated with the poor prognosis of AMI patients after first PCI. CONCLUSIONS Measurement of circulating S100A1 concentrations with our newly developed chemiluminescent-immune-based assay shows potential for use in the clinic. This assay could enable early identification and prognostic assessment of AMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Li
- The First People's Hospital of Hangzhou Lin'an District, China
| | - Xuchu Wang
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine Second Affiliated Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tao Sun
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine Second Affiliated Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ying Ping
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine Second Affiliated Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yibei Dai
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine Second Affiliated Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhenping Liu
- Yuhang Branch of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, China
| | - Yiyun Wang
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine Second Affiliated Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Danhua Wang
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine Second Affiliated Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaofen Xia
- The First People's Hospital of Hangzhou Lin'an District, China
| | | | - Weiqun Zhang
- The First People's Hospital of Hangzhou Lin'an District, China
| | - Zhihua Tao
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine Second Affiliated Hospital, Hangzhou, China.
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Soltani L, Kheirouri S, Enamzadeh E. Elevated serum levels of S100A1 and zinc α2-glycoprotein in patients with heart failure. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2021; 31:162-168. [PMID: 33257194 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2020.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Heart failure (HF) is a growing concern worldwide. S100A1 and zinc α2-glycoprotein (ZAG) play an important role in heart function. We examined serum levels of S100A1 and ZAG in HF patients and their association with anthropometric indices and body composition. METHODS AND RESULTS Sixty-four patients with HF, mean age 56.2, 48 male and 16 females, with ejection fraction <30-35%, were recruited from Shahid Madani Heart Hospital in Tabriz, Iran, from April to October 2019. Two groups, cachexia (n = 32) and non-cachexia (n = 32), which were divided based on weight loss of at least 7.5% in the last six months, were compared with the control group (n = 26). S100A1 and ZAG serum levels were determined by ELISA. Serum median (min-max) levels of S100A1 and ZAG were significantly greater in HF patients [326 (184.8-635.2) and 150.4 (61.5-520.7)] than healthy controls [265.4 (43.6-658.8) and 119.8 (16.7-533)], both p = 0.001. S100A1 Serum levels in cachexia group was significantly higher than non-cachexia group [331 (245.6-469.6) vs. 318 (184.8-635.2), p = 0.03]. A strong positive association was observed between S100A1 and ZAG serum levels in patients (r = 0.70, p < 0.0001). Serum levels of these two proteins negatively and significantly associated with BMI (r = -0.25, p = 0.044 and r = -0.28, p = 0.024, respectively) and arm circumference (r = -0.26, p = 0.037 and r = -0.25, p = 0.047, respectively). CONCLUSION The results indicate that S100A1 and ZAG are likely to contribute to the pathogenesis of HF disease and weight loss, as well as the strong association between S100A1 and ZAG possibly indicating a similar mechanism of action for these two proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Soltani
- Students Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sorayya Kheirouri
- Department of Nutrition, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Elgar Enamzadeh
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Madani Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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8
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Yang W, Tu H, Tang K, Huang H, Ou S, Wu J. Reynoutrin Improves Ischemic Heart Failure in Rats Via Targeting S100A1. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:703962. [PMID: 34366855 PMCID: PMC8343003 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.703962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of reynoutrin on the improvement of ischemic heart failure (IHF) and its possible mechanism in rats. The rat heart failure model was established by permanently ligating the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) and administering different doses of reynoutrin. Cardiac function, inflammatory factors releasing, oxidative stress, cardiomyocytes apoptosis, and myocardial fibrosis were evaluated. Western blotting was used to determine protein expression levels of S100 calcium-binding protein A1 (S100A1), matrix metallopeptidase 2(MMP2), MMP9, phosphorylated (p-) p65, and transforming growth factor -β1 (TGF-β1) in myocardial tissue of the left ventricle. Results showed that reynoutrin significantly improved cardiac function, suppressed the release of inflammatory factors, reduced oxidative stress, inhibited cardiomyocytes apoptosis, and attenuated myocardial fibrosis in rats with IHF. In rat myocardial tissue, permanent LAD-ligation resulted in a significant down-regulation in S100A1 expression, whereas reynoutrin significantly up-regulated S100A1 protein expression while down-regulating MMP2, MMP9, p-p65, and TGF-β1 expressions. However, when S100A1 was knocked down in myocardial tissue, the above-mentioned positive effects of reynoutrin were significantly reversed. Reynoutrin is a potential natural drug for the treatment of IHF, and its mechanism of action involves the up-regulation of S100A1 expression, thereby inhibiting expressions of MMPs and the transcriptional activity of nuclear factor kappa-B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenkai Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Central People’s Hospital of Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang, China
- *Correspondence: Wenkai Yang,
| | - Hanjian Tu
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Kai Tang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Central People’s Hospital of Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Haozhong Huang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Central People’s Hospital of Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Shi Ou
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Central People’s Hospital of Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Jianguo Wu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Central People’s Hospital of Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang, China
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Alanazi AM, Fadda L, Alhusaini A, Ahmad R, Hasan IH, Mahmoud AM. Liposomal Resveratrol and/or Carvedilol Attenuate Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity by Modulating Inflammation, Oxidative Stress and S100A1 in Rats. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9020159. [PMID: 32079097 PMCID: PMC7070570 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9020159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX) is a cytotoxic anthracycline antibiotic and one of the important chemotherapeutic agents for different types of cancers. DOX treatment is associated with adverse effects, particularly cardiac dysfunction. This study examined the cardioprotective effects of carvedilol (CAR) and/or resveratrol (RES) and liposomal RES (LIPO-RES) against DOX-induced cardiomyopathy, pointing to their modulatory effect on oxidative stress, inflammation, S100A1 and sarco/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase2a (SERCA2a). Rats received CAR (30 mg/kg) and/or RES (20 mg/kg) or LIPO-RES (20 mg/kg) for 6 weeks and were challenged with DOX (2 mg/kg) twice per week from week 2 to week 6. DOX-administered rats exhibited a significant increase in serum creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB), troponin-I and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) along with histological alterations, reflecting cardiac cell injury. Cardiac toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-6 protein expression were up-regulated, and lipid peroxidation was increased in DOX-administered rats. Treatment with CAR, RES or LIPO-RES as well as their alternative combinations ameliorated all observed biochemical and histological alterations with the most potent effect exerted by CAR/LIPO-RES. All treatments increased cardiac antioxidants, and the expression of S100A1 and SERCA2a. In conclusion, the present study conferred new evidence on the protective effects of CAR and its combination with either RES or LIPO-RES on DOX-induced inflammation, oxidative stress and calcium dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abeer M. Alanazi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.M.A.); (L.F.); (R.A.); (I.H.H.)
| | - Laila Fadda
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.M.A.); (L.F.); (R.A.); (I.H.H.)
| | - Ahlam Alhusaini
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.M.A.); (L.F.); (R.A.); (I.H.H.)
- Correspondence: (A.A.); (A.M.M.)
| | - Rehab Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.M.A.); (L.F.); (R.A.); (I.H.H.)
| | - Iman H. Hasan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.M.A.); (L.F.); (R.A.); (I.H.H.)
| | - Ayman M. Mahmoud
- Physiology Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt
- Correspondence: (A.A.); (A.M.M.)
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Understanding Calcium-Dependent Conformational Changes in S100A1 Protein: A Combination of Molecular Dynamics and Gene Expression Study in Skeletal Muscle. Cells 2020; 9:cells9010181. [PMID: 31936886 PMCID: PMC7016722 DOI: 10.3390/cells9010181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The S100A1 protein, involved in various physiological activities through the binding of calcium ions (Ca2+), participates in several protein-protein interaction (PPI) events after Ca2+-dependent activation. The present work investigates Ca2+-dependent conformational changes in the helix-EF hand-helix using the molecular dynamics (MD) simulation approach that facilitates the understanding of Ca2+-dependent structural and dynamic distinctions between the apo and holo forms of the protein. Furthermore, the process of ion binding by inserting Ca2+ into the bulk of the apo structure was simulated by molecular dynamics. Expectations of the simulation were demonstrated using cluster analysis and a variety of structural metrics, such as interhelical angle estimation, solvent accessible surface area, hydrogen bond analysis, and contact analysis. Ca2+ triggered a rise in the interhelical angles of S100A1 on the binding site and solvent accessible surface area. Significant configurational regulations were observed in the holo protein. The findings would contribute to understanding the molecular basis of the association of Ca2+ with the S100A1 protein, which may be an appropriate study to understand the Ca2+-mediated conformational changes in the protein target. In addition, we investigated the expression profile of S100A1 in myoblast differentiation and muscle regeneration. These data showed that S100A1 is expressed in skeletal muscles. However, the expression decreases with time during the process of myoblast differentiation.
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11
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Zhao J, Xu T, Zhou Y, Zhou Y, Xia Y, Li D. B-type natriuretic peptide and its role in altering Ca 2+-regulatory proteins in heart failure-mechanistic insights. Heart Fail Rev 2019; 25:861-871. [PMID: 31820203 DOI: 10.1007/s10741-019-09883-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is a worldwide disease with high levels of morbidity and mortality. The pathogenesis of HF is complicated and involves imbalances in hormone and electrolyte. B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) has served as a biomarker of HF severity, and in recent years, it has been used to treat the disease, thanks to its cardio-protective effects, such as diuresis, natriuresis, and vasodilatation. In stage C/D HF, symptoms are severe despite elevated BNP. Disturbances in Ca2+ homeostasis are often a dominating feature of the disease, causing Ca2+-regulatory protein dysfunction, including reduced expression and activity of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase2a (SERCA2a), impaired ryanodine receptors (RYRs) function, intensive Na+-Ca2+ exchanger (NCX), and downregulation of S100A1. The relationship between natriuretic peptides (NPs) and Ca2+-regulatory proteins has been widely studied and represents important mechanisms in the etiology of HF. In this review, we present evidence that BNP may regulate Ca2+-regulatory proteins, in particular, suppressing SERCA2a and S100A1 expression. However, relationships between BNP and other Ca2+-regulatory proteins remain vague.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Zhao
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Tongda Xu
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Zhou
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - You Zhou
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Xia
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Dongye Li
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
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12
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AbouEzzeddine OF, Kemp BJ, Borlaug BA, Mullan BP, Behfar A, Pislaru SV, Fudim M, Redfield MM, Chareonthaitawee P. Myocardial Energetics in Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction. Circ Heart Fail 2019; 12:e006240. [PMID: 31610726 DOI: 10.1161/circheartfailure.119.006240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of coronary microvascular disease and its impact on functional and energetic reserve in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) remains unclear. We hypothesized that in response to submaximal pharmacologic stress (dobutamine), patients with HFpEF have impairment in left ventricular (LV) myocardial mechanical (external work [EW]), energetic (myocardial O2 consumption [MVO2]), and myocardial blood flow (MBF) reserve. We further assessed whether coupling of MBF to EW is impaired in HFpEF and associated with compensatory increases or pathological decreases in myocardial O2 extraction. Lastly, we assessed whether coupling of MVO2 to EW (mechanical efficiency) was impaired in HFpEF. METHODS AND RESULTS In prospectively enrolled patients with HFpEF (n=19) and age/sex-matched healthy controls (n=19), we performed 11C-acetate positron emission tomography assessing MVO2 and MBF at rest and during dobutamine infusion. EW was calculated as stroke volume (echo)×end-systolic pressure×heart rate. At rest, compared with controls, patients with HFpEF had higher LV EW, MVO2, and MBF. With dobutamine, LV EW, MVO2, and MBF increased in both HFpEF and controls; however, the magnitude of increases was significantly smaller in HFpEF. In both groups, MBF increased in relation to EW, but in HFpEF, the slope of the relationship was significantly smaller than in controls. Myocardial O2 extraction was increased in HFpEF. Mechanical efficiency was similar in HFpEF and controls. In a post hoc analysis, HFpEF patients with LV hypertrophy (n=10) had significant reductions in LV mechanical efficiency relative to controls. CONCLUSIONS In HFpEF during submaximal dobutamine stress, there is myocardial mechanical-, energetic- and flow-reserve dysfunction with impaired coupling of blood flow to demand and slight increases in myocardial O2 extraction. These findings provide evidence that coronary microvascular dysfunction is present in HFpEF, limits O2 supply relative to demand, and is associated with reserve dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar F AbouEzzeddine
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (O.F.A., B.A.B., A.B., S.V.P., M.M.R., P.C.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Bradley J Kemp
- Department of Radiology (B.J.K., B.P.M.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Barry A Borlaug
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (O.F.A., B.A.B., A.B., S.V.P., M.M.R., P.C.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Brian P Mullan
- Department of Radiology (B.J.K., B.P.M.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Atta Behfar
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (O.F.A., B.A.B., A.B., S.V.P., M.M.R., P.C.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Sorin V Pislaru
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (O.F.A., B.A.B., A.B., S.V.P., M.M.R., P.C.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Marat Fudim
- Division of Cardiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (M.F.)
| | - Margaret M Redfield
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (O.F.A., B.A.B., A.B., S.V.P., M.M.R., P.C.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Panithaya Chareonthaitawee
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (O.F.A., B.A.B., A.B., S.V.P., M.M.R., P.C.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
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13
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Fan L, Liu B, Guo R, Luo J, Li H, Li Z, Xu W. Elevated plasma S100A1 level is a risk factor for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction and associated with post-infarction cardiac function. Int J Med Sci 2019; 16:1171-1179. [PMID: 31523180 PMCID: PMC6743283 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.35037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the association between plasma S100A1 level and ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and potential significance of S100A1 in post-infarction cardiac function. METHODS We examined the plasma S100A1 level in 207 STEMI patients (STEMI group) and 217 clinically healthy subjects for routine physical examination without a history of coronary artery disease (Control group). Baseline characteristics and concentrations of relevant biomarkers were compared. The relationship between S100A1 and other plasma biomarkers was detected using correlation analysis. The predictive role of S100A1 on occurrence of STEMI was then assessed using multivariate ordinal regression model analysis after adjusting for other covariates. RESULTS The plasma S100A1 level was found to be significantly higher (P<0.001) in STEMI group (3197.7±1576.0 pg/mL) than in Control (1423.5±1315.5 pg/mL) group. Furthermore, the correlation analysis demonstrated plasma S100A1 level was significantly associated correlated with hypersensitive cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT) (r = 0.32; P < 0.001), creatine kinase MB (CK-MB) (r = 0.42, P < 0.001), left ventricular eject fraction (LVEF) (r = -0.12, P = 0.01), N-terminal prohormone of brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) (r = 0.61; P < 0.001) and hypersensitive C reactive protein (hs-CRP) (r = 0.38; P < 0.001). Moreover, the enrolled subjects who with a S100A1 concentration ≤ 1965.9 pg/mL presented significantly better cardiac function than the rest population. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis revealed that S100A1 was an independent predictor for STEMI patients (OR: 0.671, 95% CI 0.500-0.891, P<0.001). In addition, higher S100A1 concentration (> 1965.9 pg/mL) significantly increased the risk of STEMI as compared with the lower level (OR: 6.925; 95% CI: 4.15-11.375; P<0.001). CONCLUSION These results indicated that the elevated plasma S100A1 level is an important predictor of STEMI in combination with several biomarkers and also potentially reflects the cardiac function following the acute coronary ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Fan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Baoxin Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Rong Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Jiachen Luo
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Hongqiang Li
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Zhiqiang Li
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Weigang Xu
- Community Health Service Center of Pengpu New Estate, Jing'an District, Shanghai, 200435, China
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14
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Rosik J, Szostak B, Machaj F, Pawlik A. Potential targets of gene therapy in the treatment of heart failure. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2018; 22:811-816. [DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2018.1514012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Rosik
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Bartosz Szostak
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Filip Machaj
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Andrzej Pawlik
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
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15
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Imbalzano E, Mandraffino G, Casciaro M, Quartuccio S, Saitta A, Gangemi S. Pathophysiological mechanism and therapeutic role of S100 proteins in cardiac failure: a systematic review. Heart Fail Rev 2018; 21:463-73. [PMID: 26833319 DOI: 10.1007/s10741-016-9529-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
S100 proteins are a family of highly acidic calcium-binding proteins involved in calcium handling in many tissues and organs. Some of these proteins are highly expressed in cardiac tissue, and an impairment of some specific S100 proteins has been related to heart failure. To check this hypothesis, we decided to review the literature since 2008 until May 2015. According to the studies collected, recovering S100A1 levels may enhance contractile/relaxing performance in heart failure, reverse negative force-frequency relationship, improve contractile reserve, reverse diastolic dysfunction and protect against pro-arrhythmic reductions of sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium. The safety profile of gene therapy was also confirmed. Increased S100B protein levels were related to a worse outcome in chronic heart failure. S100A8/A9 complex plasma levels, as well as other inflammatory biomarkers, were significantly higher in chronic heart failure patients. S100A2 seems to increase both contractile and relaxation performance in animal cardiomyocytes. Otherwise, S100A6 cardiac expression seems to have no effects on contractility. S100A4 KO mice showed reduced cardiac interstitial fibrosis. Data collected encourage a potential prospective application in human. These proteins could be exploited as biomarkers in stadiation and prognosis of chronic heart failure, as well as therapeutic target to rescue failing heart. Registration details The study protocol has been registered in PROSPERO ( http://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/ ) under registration number CRD42015027932.
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Affiliation(s)
- Egidio Imbalzano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Policlinic University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria n.1, 98125, Messina, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Mandraffino
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Policlinic University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria n.1, 98125, Messina, Italy
| | - Marco Casciaro
- School and Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Quartuccio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Policlinic University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria n.1, 98125, Messina, Italy
| | - Antonino Saitta
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Policlinic University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria n.1, 98125, Messina, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Gangemi
- School and Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.,Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems (ISASI) - Messina Unit, Messina, Italy
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16
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Jungi S, Fu X, Segiser A, Busch M, Most P, Fiedler M, Carrel T, Tevaearai Stahel H, Longnus SL, Most H. Enhanced Cardiac S100A1 Expression Improves Recovery from Global Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2018; 11:236-245. [PMID: 29392537 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-018-9788-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Gene-targeted therapy with the inotropic Ca2 + -sensor protein S100A1 rescues contractile function in post-ischemic heart failure and is being developed towards clinical trials. Its proven beneficial effect on cardiac metabolism and mitochondrial function suggests a cardioprotective effect of S100A1 in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI). Fivefold cardiomyocyte-specific S100A1 overexpressing, isolated rat hearts perfused in working mode were subjected to 28 min ischemia (37 °C) followed by 60 min reperfusion. S100A1 overexpressing hearts showed superior hemodynamic recover: Left ventricular pressure recovered to 57 ± 7.3% of baseline compared to 51 ± 4.6% in control (p = 0.025), this effect mirrored in LV work and dP/dt(max). Troponin T and lactate dehydrogenase was decreased in the S100A1 group, as well as FoxO pro-apoptotic transcription factor, indicating less tissue necrosis, whereas phosphocreatine content was higher after reperfusion. This is the first report of a cardioprotective effect of S100A1 overexpression in a global IRI model.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Jungi
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Inselspital University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - X Fu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Inselspital University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - A Segiser
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Inselspital University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - M Busch
- Section for Molecular and Translational Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Pneumology and Angiology, Karl-Ruprechts University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - P Most
- Section for Molecular and Translational Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Pneumology and Angiology, Karl-Ruprechts University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Fiedler
- Center for Laboratory Medicine, Inselspital University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - T Carrel
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Inselspital University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - H Tevaearai Stahel
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Inselspital University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - S L Longnus
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Inselspital University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Henriette Most
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Inselspital University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010, Bern, Switzerland.
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17
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Status of Therapeutic Gene Transfer to Treat Cardiovascular Disease in Dogs and Cats. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2017. [PMID: 28647114 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2017.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Gene therapy is a procedure resulting in the transfer of a gene into an individual's cells to treat a disease. One goal of gene transfer is to express a functional gene when the endogenous gene is inactive. However, because heart failure is a complex disease characterized by multiple abnormalities at the cellular level, an alternate gene delivery approach is to alter myocardial protein levels to improve function. This article discusses background information on gene delivery, including packaging, administration, and a brief discussion of some of the candidate transgenes likely to alter the progression of naturally occurring heart disease in dogs and cats.
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18
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Fan Y, Yang YL, Yeh CC, Mann MJ. Spacial and Temporal Patterns of Gene Expression After Cardiac MEK1 Gene Transfer Improve Post-Infarction Remodeling Without Inducing Global Hypertrophy. J Cell Biochem 2016; 118:775-784. [PMID: 27639174 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Alteration of mitogen activated protein (MAP) kinase signaling in transgenic mice can ameliorate post-myocardial infarction (MI) remodeling. However, pre-existing changes in transgenic hearts and clinically unrealistic transgene expression likely affect the response to injury; it is unknown whether clinically relevant induction of transgene expression in an otherwise normal heart can yield similar benefits. Constitutively active MEK1 (aMEK1) or LacZ adeno-associated virus 9 (AAV9) vectors were injected into the left ventricular (LV) chambers of mice either just before or after coronary ligation. Hearts were evaluated via Western blot, quantitative polymerase chain reaction, histology, and echocardiography. AAV9-mediated aMEK1 delivery altered ERK1/2 expression/activation as in transgenic mice. Transgene expression was not immediately detectable but plateaued at 17 days, and therefore did not likely impact acute ischemia as it would in transgenics. With AAV9-aMEK1 injection just prior to MI, robust expression in the infarct border zone during post-MI remodeling increased border zone wall thickness and reduced infarct size versus controls at 4 weeks, but did not induce global hypertrophy. Significant improvements in local and global LV function were observed, as were trends toward a preservation of LV volume. Delivery after ligation significantly lowered transgene expression in the infarct border zone and did not yield structural or functional benefits. The primary benefits observed in transgenic mice, ameliorated remodeling, and reduced chronic infarct size, were achievable via clinically relevant gene transfer of aMEK1, supporting ongoing translational efforts. Important differences, however, were observed, and consideration must be given to the timing and distribution of transgene delivery and expression. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 775-784, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanying Fan
- Translational Research Laboratory, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Yi-Lin Yang
- Translational Research Laboratory, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Che-Chung Yeh
- Translational Research Laboratory, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Michael J Mann
- Translational Research Laboratory, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
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19
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Lother A, Hein L. Pharmacology of heart failure: From basic science to novel therapies. Pharmacol Ther 2016; 166:136-49. [PMID: 27456554 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2016.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Chronic heart failure is one of the leading causes for hospitalization in the United States and Europe, and is accompanied by high mortality. Current pharmacological therapy of chronic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction is largely based on compounds that inhibit the detrimental action of the adrenergic and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone systems on the heart. More than one decade after spironolactone, two novel therapeutic principles have been added to the very recently released guidelines on heart failure therapy: the HCN-channel inhibitor ivabradine and the combined angiotensin and neprilysin inhibitor valsartan/sacubitril. New compounds that are in phase II or III clinical evaluation include novel non-steroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists, guanylate cyclase activators or myosine activators. A variety of novel candidate targets have been identified and the availability of gene transfer has just begun to accelerate translation from basic science to clinical application. This review provides an overview of current pharmacology and pharmacotherapy in chronic heart failure at three stages: the updated clinical guidelines of the American Heart Association and the European Society of Cardiology, new drugs which are in clinical development, and finally innovative drug targets and their mechanisms in heart failure which are emerging from preclinical studies will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achim Lother
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Heart Center, Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Lutz Hein
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; BIOSS Centre for Biological Signaling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
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20
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Rebbeck RT, Nitu FR, Rohde D, Most P, Bers DM, Thomas DD, Cornea RL. S100A1 Protein Does Not Compete with Calmodulin for Ryanodine Receptor Binding but Structurally Alters the Ryanodine Receptor·Calmodulin Complex. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:15896-907. [PMID: 27226555 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.713107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
S100A1 has been suggested as a therapeutic agent to enhance myocyte Ca(2+) cycling in heart failure, but its molecular mode of action is poorly understood. Using FRET, we tested the hypothesis that S100A1 directly competes with calmodulin (CaM) for binding to intact, functional ryanodine receptors type I (RyR1) and II (RyR2) from skeletal and cardiac muscle, respectively. Our FRET readout provides an index of acceptor-labeled CaM binding near donor-labeled FKBP (FK506-binding protein 12.6) on the cytoplasmic domain of RyR in isolated sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles. S100A1 (0.01-400 μm) partially inhibited FRET (i.e. CaM binding), with Ki > 10 μm, for both RyR1 and RyR2. The high [S100A1] required for partial effects on FRET indicates a lack of competition by S100A1 on CaM/RyR binding under normal physiological conditions. High-resolution analysis of time-resolved FRET detects two structural states of RyR-bound CaM, which respond to [Ca(2+)] and are isoform-specific. The distribution of these structural states was perturbed only by high micromolar [S100A1], which promoted a shift of bound CaM to a lower FRET orientation (without altering the amount of CaM bound to RyR). Thus, high micromolar S100A1 does alter the CaM/RyR interaction, without involving competition. Nevertheless, submicromolar S100A1 can alter RyR function, an effect that is influenced by both [Ca(2+)] and [CaM]. We conclude that CaM and S100A1 can concurrently bind to and functionally modulate RyR1 and RyR2, but this does not involve direct competition at the RyR CaM binding site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robyn T Rebbeck
- From the Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis Minnesota 55455
| | - Florentin R Nitu
- From the Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis Minnesota 55455
| | - David Rohde
- the Center for Molecular and Translational Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Heidelberg, INF 410, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany, and
| | - Patrick Most
- the Center for Molecular and Translational Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Heidelberg, INF 410, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany, and
| | - Donald M Bers
- the Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - David D Thomas
- From the Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis Minnesota 55455
| | - Razvan L Cornea
- From the Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis Minnesota 55455,
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21
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Ravenscroft SM, Pointon A, Williams AW, Cross MJ, Sidaway JE. Cardiac Non-myocyte Cells Show Enhanced Pharmacological Function Suggestive of Contractile Maturity in Stem Cell Derived Cardiomyocyte Microtissues. Toxicol Sci 2016; 152:99-112. [PMID: 27125969 PMCID: PMC4922542 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfw069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The immature phenotype of stem cell derived cardiomyocytes is a significant barrier to their use in translational medicine and pre-clinical in vitro drug toxicity and pharmacological analysis. Here we have assessed the contribution of non-myocyte cells on the contractile function of co-cultured human embryonic stem cell derived cardiomyocytes (hESC-CMs) in spheroid microtissue format. Microtissues were formed using a scaffold free 96-well cell suspension method from hESC-CM cultured alone (CM microtissues) or in combination with human primary cardiac microvascular endothelial cells and cardiac fibroblasts (CMEF microtissues). Contractility was characterized with fluorescence and video-based edge detection. CMEF microtissues displayed greater Ca2+ transient amplitudes, enhanced spontaneous contraction rate and remarkably enhanced contractile function in response to both positive and negative inotropic drugs, suggesting a more mature contractile phenotype than CM microtissues. In addition, for several drugs the enhanced contractile response was not apparent when endothelial cell or fibroblasts from a non-cardiac tissue were used as the ancillary cells. Further evidence of maturity for CMEF microtissues was shown with increased expression of genes that encode proteins critical in cardiac Ca2+ handling (S100A1), sarcomere assembly (telethonin/TCAP) and β-adrenergic receptor signalling. Our data shows that compared with single cell-type cardiomyocyte in vitro models, CMEF microtissues are superior at predicting the inotropic effects of drugs, demonstrating the critical contribution of cardiac non-myocyte cells in mediating functional cardiotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie M Ravenscroft
- *Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, Sherrington Building, the University of Liverpool, Ashton Street, L69 3GE, UK Safety and ADME Translational Sciences, AstraZeneca R&D, Cambridge, CB4 0WG, UK
| | - Amy Pointon
- Safety and ADME Translational Sciences, AstraZeneca R&D, Cambridge, CB4 0WG, UK
| | - Awel W Williams
- *Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, Sherrington Building, the University of Liverpool, Ashton Street, L69 3GE, UK
| | - Michael J Cross
- *Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, Sherrington Building, the University of Liverpool, Ashton Street, L69 3GE, UK Safety and ADME Translational Sciences, AstraZeneca R&D, Cambridge, CB4 0WG, UK
| | - James E Sidaway
- *Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, Sherrington Building, the University of Liverpool, Ashton Street, L69 3GE, UK Safety and ADME Translational Sciences, AstraZeneca R&D, Cambridge, CB4 0WG, UK Safety and ADME Translational Sciences, AstraZeneca R&D, Cambridge, CB4 0WG, UK
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22
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Thomas RC, Singh A, Cowley P, Myagmar BE, Montgomery MD, Swigart PM, De Marco T, Baker AJ, Simpson PC. A Myocardial Slice Culture Model Reveals Alpha-1A-Adrenergic Receptor Signaling in the Human Heart. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 1:155-167. [PMID: 27453955 PMCID: PMC4955869 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2016.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The authors used 52 nonfailing and failing human hearts to develop a simple, high throughput left ventricular myocardial slice model that is stable by ATP and viability assays for at least 3 days. The model supports studies of signaling, contraction, and viral transduction. They use the model to show for the first time that the alpha-1A-adrenergic receptor, which is present at very low abundance in the human myocardium, activates cardioprotective ERK with nanomolar EC50 in failing heart slices and stimulates a positive inotropic effect. This model should be useful for translational studies, to test whether molecules discovered in basic experiments are functional in the human heart. Model for translational studies Human LV slices Simple, high throughput, viable Assays signaling and contraction Supports viral transduction Useful for proof-of-concept in man Shows the α1A-AR functions in human heart
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Affiliation(s)
- R Croft Thomas
- Department of Medicine, VA Medical Center, San Francisco, CA; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Abhishek Singh
- Department of Medicine, VA Medical Center, San Francisco, CA; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Patrick Cowley
- Department of Medicine, VA Medical Center, San Francisco, CA; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Bat-Erdene Myagmar
- Department of Medicine, VA Medical Center, San Francisco, CA; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Megan D Montgomery
- Department of Medicine, VA Medical Center, San Francisco, CA; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco
| | | | - Teresa De Marco
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Anthony J Baker
- Department of Medicine, VA Medical Center, San Francisco, CA; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Paul C Simpson
- Department of Medicine, VA Medical Center, San Francisco, CA; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco
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23
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Rodrigues PG, Leite-Moreira AF, Falcão-Pires I. Myocardial reverse remodeling: how far can we rewind? Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2016; 310:H1402-22. [PMID: 26993225 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00696.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is a systemic disease that can be divided into HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). HFpEF accounts for over 50% of all HF patients and is typically associated with high prevalence of several comorbidities, including hypertension, diabetes mellitus, pulmonary hypertension, obesity, and atrial fibrillation. Myocardial remodeling occurs both in HFrEF and HFpEF and it involves changes in cardiac structure, myocardial composition, and myocyte deformation and multiple biochemical and molecular alterations that impact heart function and its reserve capacity. Understanding the features of myocardial remodeling has become a major objective for limiting or reversing its progression, the latter known as reverse remodeling (RR). Research on HFrEF RR process is broader and has delivered effective therapeutic strategies, which have been employed for some decades. However, the RR process in HFpEF is less clear partly due to the lack of information on HFpEF pathophysiology and to the long list of failed standard HF therapeutics strategies in these patient's outcomes. Nevertheless, new proteins, protein-protein interactions, and signaling pathways are being explored as potential new targets for HFpEF remodeling and RR. Here, we review recent translational and clinical research in HFpEF myocardial remodeling to provide an overview on the most important features of RR, comparing HFpEF with HFrEF conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia G Rodrigues
- Department of Physiology and Cardiothoracic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Adelino F Leite-Moreira
- Department of Physiology and Cardiothoracic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Inês Falcão-Pires
- Department of Physiology and Cardiothoracic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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24
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Rohde D, Busch M, Volkert A, Ritterhoff J, Katus HA, Peppel K, Most P. Cardiomyocytes, endothelial cells and cardiac fibroblasts: S100A1's triple action in cardiovascular pathophysiology. Future Cardiol 2016; 11:309-21. [PMID: 26021637 DOI: 10.2217/fca.15.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade, basic and translational research delivered comprehensive evidence for the relevance of the Ca(2+)-binding protein S100A1 in cardiovascular diseases. Aberrant expression levels of S100A1 surfaced as molecular key defects, driving the pathogenesis of chronic heart failure, arterial and pulmonary hypertension, peripheral artery disease and disturbed myocardial infarction healing. Loss of intracellular S100A1 renders entire Ca(2+)-controlled networks dysfunctional, thereby leading to cardiomyocyte failure and endothelial dysfunction. Lack of S100A1 release in ischemic myocardium compromises cardiac fibroblast function, entailing impaired damage healing. This review focuses on molecular pathways and signaling cascades regulated by S100A1 in cardiomyocytes, endothelial cells and cardiac fibroblasts in order to provide an overview of our current mechanistic understanding of S100A1's action in cardiovascular pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Hugo A Katus
- 2German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg University, INF 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Karsten Peppel
- 3Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.,4uniQure GmbH, INF 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Patrick Most
- 2German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg University, INF 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,3Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.,4uniQure GmbH, INF 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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25
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Rincon MY, VandenDriessche T, Chuah MK. Gene therapy for cardiovascular disease: advances in vector development, targeting, and delivery for clinical translation. Cardiovasc Res 2015; 108:4-20. [PMID: 26239654 PMCID: PMC4571836 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvv205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gene therapy is a promising modality for the treatment of inherited and acquired cardiovascular diseases. The identification of the molecular pathways involved in the pathophysiology of heart failure and other associated cardiac diseases led to encouraging preclinical gene therapy studies in small and large animal models. However, the initial clinical results yielded only modest or no improvement in clinical endpoints. The presence of neutralizing antibodies and cellular immune responses directed against the viral vector and/or the gene-modified cells, the insufficient gene expression levels, and the limited gene transduction efficiencies accounted for the overall limited clinical improvements. Nevertheless, further improvements of the gene delivery technology and a better understanding of the underlying biology fostered renewed interest in gene therapy for heart failure. In particular, improved vectors based on emerging cardiotropic serotypes of the adeno-associated viral vector (AAV) are particularly well suited to coax expression of therapeutic genes in the heart. This led to new clinical trials based on the delivery of the sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase protein (SERCA2a). Though the first clinical results were encouraging, a recent Phase IIb trial did not confirm the beneficial clinical outcomes that were initially reported. New approaches based on S100A1 and adenylate cyclase 6 are also being considered for clinical applications. Emerging paradigms based on the use of miRNA regulation or CRISPR/Cas9-based genome engineering open new therapeutic perspectives for treating cardiovascular diseases by gene therapy. Nevertheless, the continuous improvement of cardiac gene delivery is needed to allow the use of safer and more effective vector doses, ultimately bringing gene therapy for heart failure one step closer to reality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melvin Y Rincon
- Department of Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, Free University of Brussels (VUB), Building D, room D306, Laarbeeklaan 103, Brussels, Belgium Centro de Investigaciones, Fundacion Cardiovascular de Colombia, Floridablanca, Colombia
| | - Thierry VandenDriessche
- Department of Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, Free University of Brussels (VUB), Building D, room D306, Laarbeeklaan 103, Brussels, Belgium Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marinee K Chuah
- Department of Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, Free University of Brussels (VUB), Building D, room D306, Laarbeeklaan 103, Brussels, Belgium Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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26
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Maxwell JT, Somasuntharam I, Gray WD, Shen M, Singer JM, Wang B, Saafir T, Crawford BH, Jiang R, Murthy N, Davis ME, Wagner MB. Bioactive nanoparticles improve calcium handling in failing cardiac myocytes. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2015. [PMID: 26223412 DOI: 10.2217/nnm.15.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS To evaluate the ability of N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) decorated nanoparticles and their cargo to modulate calcium handling in failing cardiac myocytes (CMs). MATERIALS & METHODS Primary CMs isolated from normal and failing hearts were treated with GlcNAc nanoparticles in order to assess the ability of the nanoparticles and their cargo to correct dysfunctional calcium handling in failing myocytes. RESULTS & CONCLUSION GlcNAc particles reduced aberrant calcium release in failing CMs and restored sarcomere function. Additionally, encapsulation of a small calcium-modulating protein, S100A1, in GlcNAc nanoparticles also showed improved calcium regulation. Thus, the development of our bioactive nanoparticle allows for a 'two-hit' treatment, by which the cargo and also the nanoparticle itself can modulate intracellular protein activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua T Maxwell
- Wallace H Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University School of Medicine, 1648 Pierce Dr NE, Atlanta, GA 30307, USA.,Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, 1648 Pierce Dr NE, Atlanta, GA 30307, USA.,Children's Heart Research & Outcomes (HeRO) Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta & Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Inthirai Somasuntharam
- Wallace H Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University School of Medicine, 1648 Pierce Dr NE, Atlanta, GA 30307, USA
| | - Warren D Gray
- Wallace H Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University School of Medicine, 1648 Pierce Dr NE, Atlanta, GA 30307, USA
| | - Ming Shen
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, 1648 Pierce Dr NE, Atlanta, GA 30307, USA.,Children's Heart Research & Outcomes (HeRO) Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta & Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jason M Singer
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, 1648 Pierce Dr NE, Atlanta, GA 30307, USA.,Children's Heart Research & Outcomes (HeRO) Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta & Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Bo Wang
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, 1648 Pierce Dr NE, Atlanta, GA 30307, USA.,Children's Heart Research & Outcomes (HeRO) Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta & Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Talib Saafir
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, 1648 Pierce Dr NE, Atlanta, GA 30307, USA.,Children's Heart Research & Outcomes (HeRO) Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta & Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Brian H Crawford
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, 1648 Pierce Dr NE, Atlanta, GA 30307, USA.,Children's Heart Research & Outcomes (HeRO) Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta & Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Rong Jiang
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, 1648 Pierce Dr NE, Atlanta, GA 30307, USA.,Children's Heart Research & Outcomes (HeRO) Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta & Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Niren Murthy
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Michael E Davis
- Wallace H Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University School of Medicine, 1648 Pierce Dr NE, Atlanta, GA 30307, USA.,Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, 1648 Pierce Dr NE, Atlanta, GA 30307, USA.,Children's Heart Research & Outcomes (HeRO) Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta & Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Mary B Wagner
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, 1648 Pierce Dr NE, Atlanta, GA 30307, USA.,Children's Heart Research & Outcomes (HeRO) Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta & Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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27
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S100A1 DNA-based Inotropic Therapy Protects Against Proarrhythmogenic Ryanodine Receptor 2 Dysfunction. Mol Ther 2015; 23:1320-1330. [PMID: 26005840 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2015.93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Restoring expression levels of the EF-hand calcium (Ca(2+)) sensor protein S100A1 has emerged as a key factor in reconstituting normal Ca(2+) handling in failing myocardium. Improved sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) function with enhanced Ca(2+) resequestration appears critical for S100A1's cyclic adenosine monophosphate-independent inotropic effects but raises concerns about potential diastolic SR Ca(2+) leakage that might trigger fatal arrhythmias. This study shows for the first time a diminished interaction between S100A1 and ryanodine receptors (RyR2s) in experimental HF. Restoring this link in failing cardiomyocytes, engineered heart tissue and mouse hearts, respectively, by means of adenoviral and adeno-associated viral S100A1 cDNA delivery normalizes diastolic RyR2 function and protects against Ca(2+)- and β-adrenergic receptor-triggered proarrhythmogenic SR Ca(2+) leakage in vitro and in vivo. S100A1 inhibits diastolic SR Ca(2+) leakage despite aberrant RyR2 phosphorylation via protein kinase A and calmodulin-dependent kinase II and stoichiometry with accessory modulators such as calmodulin, FKBP12.6 or sorcin. Our findings demonstrate that S100A1 is a regulator of diastolic RyR2 activity and beneficially modulates diastolic RyR2 dysfunction. S100A1 interaction with the RyR2 is sufficient to protect against basal and catecholamine-triggered arrhythmic SR Ca(2+) leak in HF, combining antiarrhythmic potency with chronic inotropic actions.
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28
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Abstract
Heart failure is a global problem with an estimated prevalence of 38 million patients worldwide, a number that is increasing with the ageing of the population. It is the most common diagnosis in patients aged 65 years or older admitted to hospital and in high-income nations. Despite some progress, the prognosis of heart failure is worse than that of most cancers. Because of the seriousness of the condition, a declaration of war on five fronts has been proposed for heart failure. Efforts are underway to treat heart failure by enhancing myofilament sensitivity to Ca(2+); transfer of the gene for SERCA2a, the protein that pumps calcium into the sarcoplasmic reticulum of the cardiomyocyte, seems promising in a phase 2 trial. Several other abnormal calcium-handling proteins in the failing heart are candidates for gene therapy; many short, non-coding RNAs--ie, microRNAs (miRNAs)--block gene expression and protein translation. These molecules are crucial to calcium cycling and ventricular hypertrophy. The actions of miRNAs can be blocked by a new class of drugs, antagomirs, some of which have been shown to improve cardiac function in animal models of heart failure; cell therapy, with autologous bone marrow derived mononuclear cells, or autogenous mesenchymal cells, which can be administered as cryopreserved off the shelf products, seem to be promising in both preclinical and early clinical heart failure trials; and long-term ventricular assistance devices are now used increasingly as a destination therapy in patients with advanced heart failure. In selected patients, left ventricular assistance can lead to myocardial recovery and explantation of the device. The approaches to the treatment of heart failure described, when used alone or in combination, could become important weapons in the war against heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene Braunwald
- TIMI Study Group, Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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29
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Altered myocardial calcium cycling and energetics in heart failure--a rational approach for disease treatment. Cell Metab 2015; 21:183-194. [PMID: 25651173 PMCID: PMC4338997 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2015.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Cardiomyocyte function depends on coordinated movements of calcium into and out of the cell and the proper delivery of ATP to energy-utilizing enzymes. Defects in calcium-handling proteins and abnormal energy metabolism are features of heart failure. Recent discoveries have led to gene-based therapies targeting calcium-transporting or -binding proteins, such as the cardiac sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum calcium ATPase (SERCA2a), leading to improvements in calcium homeostasis and excitation-contraction coupling. Here we review impaired calcium cycling and energetics in heart failure, assessing their roles from both a mutually exclusive and interdependent viewpoint, and discuss therapies that may improve the failing myocardium.
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30
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Hajnóczky G, Booth D, Csordás G, Debattisti V, Golenár T, Naghdi S, Niknejad N, Paillard M, Seifert EL, Weaver D. Reliance of ER-mitochondrial calcium signaling on mitochondrial EF-hand Ca2+ binding proteins: Miros, MICUs, LETM1 and solute carriers. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2014; 29:133-41. [PMID: 24999559 PMCID: PMC4381426 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2014.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2014] [Revised: 06/09/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria are functionally distinct with regard to membrane protein biogenesis and oxidative energy production, respectively, but cooperate in several essential cell functions, including lipid biosynthesis, cell signaling and organelle dynamics. The interorganellar cooperation requires local communication that can occur at the strategically positioned and dynamic associations between ER and mitochondria. Calcium is locally transferred from ER to mitochondria at the associations and exerts regulatory effects on numerous proteins. A common Ca(2+) sensing mechanism is the EF-hand Ca(2+) binding domain, many of which can be found in proteins of the mitochondria, including Miro1&2, MICU1,2&3, LETM1 and mitochondrial solute carriers. Recently, these proteins have triggered much interest and were described in reports with diverging conclusions. The present essay focuses on their shared features and established specific functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- György Hajnóczky
- MitoCare Center, Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, United States.
| | - David Booth
- MitoCare Center, Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, United States
| | - György Csordás
- MitoCare Center, Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, United States
| | - Valentina Debattisti
- MitoCare Center, Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, United States
| | - Tünde Golenár
- MitoCare Center, Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, United States
| | - Shamim Naghdi
- MitoCare Center, Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, United States
| | - Nima Niknejad
- MitoCare Center, Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, United States
| | - Melanie Paillard
- MitoCare Center, Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, United States
| | - Erin L Seifert
- MitoCare Center, Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, United States
| | - David Weaver
- MitoCare Center, Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, United States
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31
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Bennett MK, Sweet WE, Baicker-McKee S, Looney E, Karohl K, Mountis M, Tang WHW, Starling RC, Moravec CS. S100A1 in human heart failure: lack of recovery following left ventricular assist device support. Circ Heart Fail 2014; 7:612-8. [PMID: 24842913 PMCID: PMC4102621 DOI: 10.1161/circheartfailure.113.000849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We hypothesized that S100A1 is regulated during human hypertrophy and heart failure and that it may be implicated in remodeling after left ventricular assist device. S100A1 is decreased in animal and human heart failure, and restoration produces functional recovery in animal models and in failing human myocytes. With the potential for gene therapy, it is important to carefully explore human cardiac S100A1 regulation and its role in remodeling. METHODS AND RESULTS We measured S100A1, the sarcoplasmic endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+)ATPase, phospholamban, and ryanodine receptor proteins, as well as β-adrenergic receptor density in nonfailing, hypertrophied (left ventricular hypertrophy), failing, and failing left ventricular assist device-supported hearts. We determined functional consequences of protein alterations in isolated contracting muscles from the same hearts. S100A1, sarcoplasmic endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+)ATPase and phospholamban were normal in left ventricular hypertrophy, but decreased in failing hearts, while ryanodine receptor was unchanged in either group. Baseline muscle contraction was not altered in left ventricular hypertrophy or failing hearts. β-Adrenergic receptor and inotropic response were decreased in failing hearts. In failing left ventricular assist device-supported hearts, S100A1 and sarcoplasmic endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+)ATPase showed no recovery, while phospholamban, β-adrenergic receptor, and the inotropic response fully recovered. CONCLUSIONS S100A1 and sarcoplasmic endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+)ATPase, both key Ca(2+)-regulatory proteins, are decreased in human heart failure, and these changes are not reversed after left ventricular assist device. The clinical significance of these findings for cardiac recovery remains to be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mosi K Bennett
- From the Kaufman Center for Heart Failure, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, OH
| | - Wendy E Sweet
- From the Kaufman Center for Heart Failure, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, OH
| | - Sara Baicker-McKee
- From the Kaufman Center for Heart Failure, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, OH
| | - Elizabeth Looney
- From the Kaufman Center for Heart Failure, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, OH
| | - Kristen Karohl
- From the Kaufman Center for Heart Failure, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, OH
| | - Maria Mountis
- From the Kaufman Center for Heart Failure, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, OH
| | - W H Wilson Tang
- From the Kaufman Center for Heart Failure, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, OH
| | - Randall C Starling
- From the Kaufman Center for Heart Failure, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, OH
| | - Christine S Moravec
- From the Kaufman Center for Heart Failure, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, OH.
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32
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Rohde D, Schön C, Boerries M, Didrihsone I, Ritterhoff J, Kubatzky KF, Völkers M, Herzog N, Mähler M, Tsoporis JN, Parker TG, Linke B, Giannitsis E, Gao E, Peppel K, Katus HA, Most P. S100A1 is released from ischemic cardiomyocytes and signals myocardial damage via Toll-like receptor 4. EMBO Mol Med 2014; 6:778-94. [PMID: 24833748 PMCID: PMC4203355 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201303498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Members of the S100 protein family have been reported to function as endogenous danger signals (alarmins) playing an active role in tissue inflammation and repair when released from necrotic cells. Here, we investigated the role of S100A1, the S100 isoform with highest abundance in cardiomyocytes, when released from damaged cardiomyocytes during myocardial infarction (MI). Patients with acute MI showed significantly increased S100A1 serum levels. Experimental MI in mice induced comparable S100A1 release. S100A1 internalization was observed in cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) adjacent to damaged cardiomyocytes. In vitro analyses revealed exclusive S100A1 endocytosis by CFs, followed by Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-dependent activation of MAP kinases and NF-κB. CFs exposed to S100A1 assumed an immunomodulatory and anti-fibrotic phenotype characterized i.e. by enhanced intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM1) and decreased collagen levels. In mice, intracardiac S100A1 injection recapitulated these transcriptional changes. Moreover, antibody-mediated neutralization of S100A1 enlarged infarct size and worsened left ventricular functional performance post-MI. Our study demonstrates alarmin properties for S100A1 from necrotic cardiomyocytes. However, the potentially beneficial role of extracellular S100A1 in MI-related inflammation and repair warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Rohde
- Section of Molecular and Translational Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Heidelberg University Hospital Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christoph Schön
- Section of Molecular and Translational Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Heidelberg University Hospital Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Melanie Boerries
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, Freiburg University, Freiburg, Germany German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), Partner site Freiburg German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ieva Didrihsone
- Section of Molecular and Translational Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Heidelberg University Hospital Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Julia Ritterhoff
- Section of Molecular and Translational Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Heidelberg University Hospital Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Katharina F Kubatzky
- Division for Microbiology and Hygiene, Department of Infectious Diseases, Heidelberg University Hospital Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mirko Völkers
- Section of Molecular and Translational Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Heidelberg University Hospital Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nicole Herzog
- Section of Molecular and Translational Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Heidelberg University Hospital Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mona Mähler
- Section of Molecular and Translational Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Heidelberg University Hospital Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - James N Tsoporis
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Keenan Research Centre Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute St. Michael's Hospital University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Thomas G Parker
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Keenan Research Centre Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute St. Michael's Hospital University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Björn Linke
- Division of Immunogenetics, Tumor Immunology Program, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Evangelos Giannitsis
- Section of Molecular and Translational Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Heidelberg University Hospital Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Erhe Gao
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Karsten Peppel
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Hugo A Katus
- Section of Molecular and Translational Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Heidelberg University Hospital Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim Heidelberg University Hospital Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Patrick Most
- Section of Molecular and Translational Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Heidelberg University Hospital Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim Heidelberg University Hospital Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
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33
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Thireau J, Karam S, Roberge S, Roussel J, Aimond F, Cassan C, Gac A, Babuty D, Le Guennec JY, Lacampagne A, Fauconnier J, Richard S. Β-adrenergic blockade combined with subcutaneous B-type natriuretic peptide: a promising approach to reduce ventricular arrhythmia in heart failure? Heart 2014; 100:833-41. [PMID: 24667281 DOI: 10.1136/heartjnl-2013-305167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Clinical studies failed to prove convincingly efficiency of intravenous infusion of neseritide during heart failure and evidence suggested a pro-adrenergic action of B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP). However, subcutaneous BNP therapy was recently proposed in heart failure, thus raising new perspectives over what was considered as a promising treatment. We tested the efficiency of a combination of oral β1-adrenergic receptor blocker metoprolol and subcutaneous BNP infusion in decompensated heart failure. METHODS AND RESULTS The effects of metoprolol or/and BNP were studied on cardiac remodelling, excitation-contraction coupling and arrhythmias in an experimental mouse model of ischaemic heart failure following postmyocardial infarction. We determined the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in anti-remodelling and antiarrhythmic actions. As major findings, the combination was more effective than metoprolol alone in reversing cardiac remodelling and preventing ventricular arrhythmia. The association of the two molecules improved cardiac function, reduced hypertrophy and fibrosis, and corrected the heart rate, sympatho-vagal balance (low frequencies/high frequencies) and ECG parameters (P to R wave interval (PR), QRS duration, QTc intervals). It also improved altered Ca(2+) cycling by normalising Ca(2+)-handling protein levels (S100A1, SERCA2a, RyR2), and prevented pro-arrhythmogenic Ca(2+) waves derived from abnormal Ca(2+) sparks in ventricular cardiomyocytes. Altogether these effects accounted for decreased occurrence of ventricular arrhythmias. CONCLUSIONS Association of subcutaneous BNP and oral metoprolol appeared to be more effective than metoprolol alone. Breaking the deleterious loop linking BNP and sympathetic overdrive in heart failure could unmask the efficiency of BNP against deleterious damages in heart failure and bring a new potential approach against lethal arrhythmia during heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Thireau
- Inserm U1046, Physiologie & Médecine Expérimentale, Cœur et Muscles, Université Montpellier-1 & 2, , Montpellier, France
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34
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Weber C, Neacsu I, Krautz B, Schlegel P, Sauer S, Raake P, Ritterhoff J, Jungmann A, Remppis AB, Stangassinger M, Koch WJ, Katus HA, Müller OJ, Most P, Pleger ST. Therapeutic safety of high myocardial expression levels of the molecular inotrope S100A1 in a preclinical heart failure model. Gene Ther 2013; 21:131-8. [PMID: 24305416 DOI: 10.1038/gt.2013.63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2013] [Revised: 08/29/2013] [Accepted: 09/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Low levels of the molecular inotrope S100A1 are sufficient to rescue post-ischemic heart failure (HF). As a prerequisite to clinical application and to determine the safety of myocardial S100A1 DNA-based therapy, we investigated the effects of high myocardial S100A1 expression levels on the cardiac contractile function and occurrence of arrhythmia in a preclinical large animal HF model. At 2 weeks after myocardial infarction domestic pigs presented significant left ventricular (LV) contractile dysfunction. Retrograde application of AAV6-S100A1 (1.5 × 10(13) tvp) via the anterior cardiac vein (ACV) resulted in high-level myocardial S100A1 protein peak expression of up to 95-fold above control. At 14 weeks, pigs with high-level myocardial S100A1 protein overexpression did not show abnormalities in the electrocardiogram. Electrophysiological right ventricular stimulation ruled out an increased susceptibility to monomorphic ventricular arrhythmia. High-level S100A1 protein overexpression in the LV myocardium resulted in a significant increase in LV ejection fraction (LVEF), albeit to a lesser extent than previously reported with low S100A1 protein overexpression. Cardiac remodeling was, however, equally reversed. High myocardial S100A1 protein overexpression neither increases the occurrence of cardiac arrhythmia nor causes detrimental effects on myocardial contractile function in vivo. In contrast, this study demonstrates a broad therapeutic range of S100A1 gene therapy in post-ischemic HF using a preclinical large animal model.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Weber
- 1] Center for Molecular and Translational Cardiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany [2] Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Cardiology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - I Neacsu
- 1] Center for Molecular and Translational Cardiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany [2] Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Cardiology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - B Krautz
- 1] Center for Molecular and Translational Cardiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany [2] Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Cardiology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - P Schlegel
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Cardiology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - S Sauer
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - P Raake
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Cardiology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J Ritterhoff
- 1] Center for Molecular and Translational Cardiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany [2] Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Cardiology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Jungmann
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Cardiology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A B Remppis
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Cardiology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Stangassinger
- Institute for Animal Physiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - W J Koch
- Center for Translational Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - H A Katus
- 1] Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Cardiology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany [2] Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-/Kreislaufforschung, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - O J Müller
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Cardiology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - P Most
- 1] Center for Molecular and Translational Cardiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany [2] Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Cardiology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany [3] Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-/Kreislaufforschung, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany [4] Laboratory for Cardiac Stem Cell and Gene Therapy, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - S T Pleger
- 1] Center for Molecular and Translational Cardiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany [2] Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Cardiology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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Sen A, Ren S, Lerchenmüller C, Sun J, Weiss N, Most P, Peppel K. MicroRNA-138 regulates hypoxia-induced endothelial cell dysfunction by targeting S100A1. PLoS One 2013; 8:e78684. [PMID: 24244340 PMCID: PMC3823839 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0078684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2013] [Accepted: 09/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The Ca2+ sensor S100A1 is essential for proper endothelial cell (EC) nitric oxide (NO) synthase (eNOS) activation. S100A1 levels are greatly reduced in primary human microvascular ECs subjected to hypoxia, rendering them dysfunctional. However mechanisms that regulate S100A1 levels in ECs are unknown. Here we show that ECs transfected with a S100A1–3′ untranslated region (UTR) luciferase reporter construct display significantly reduced gene expression when subjected to low oxygen levels or chemical hypoxia. Bioinformatic analysis suggested that microRNA -138 (MiR-138) could target the 3′UTR of S100A1. Patients with critical limb ischemia (CLI) or mice subjected to femoral artery resection (FAR) displayed increased MiR-138 levels and decreased S100A1 protein expression. Consistent with this finding, hypoxia greatly increased MiR-138 levels in ECs, but not in skeletal muscle C2C12 myoblasts or differentiated myotubes or primary human vascular smooth muscle cells. Transfection of a MiR-138 mimic into ECs reduced S100A1–3 ‘UTR reporter gene expression, while transfection of an anti MiR-138 prevented the hypoxia-induced downregulation of the reporter gene. Deletion of the 22 nucleotide putative MiR-138 target site abolished the hypoxia-induced loss of reporter gene expression. Knockdown of Hif1-α mediated by siRNA prevented loss of hypoxia-induced reporter gene expression. Conversely, specific activation of Hif1-α by a selective prolyl-hydroxylase inhibitor (IOX2) reduced reporter gene expression even in the absence of hypoxia. Finally, primary ECs transfected with a MiR-138 mimic displayed reduced tube formation when plated onto Matrigel matrix and expressed less NO when stimulated with VEGF. These effects were reversed by gene transfer of S100A1 using recombinant adenovirus. We conclude that hypoxia-induced MiR-138 is an essential mediator of EC dysfunction via its ability to target the 3′UTR of S100A1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anagha Sen
- Center for Translational Medicine, Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Shumei Ren
- Center for Translational Medicine, Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Carolin Lerchenmüller
- Laboratory for Molecular and Translational Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jianxin Sun
- Center for Translational Medicine, Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Norbert Weiss
- Center for Vascular Medicine, Department of Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Patrick Most
- Center for Translational Medicine, Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Laboratory for Molecular and Translational Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Karsten Peppel
- Center for Translational Medicine, Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
Ca²⁺ plays a crucial role in connecting membrane excitability with contraction in myocardium. The hallmark features of heart failure are mechanical dysfunction and arrhythmias; defective intracellular Ca²⁺ homeostasis is a central cause of contractile dysfunction and arrhythmias in failing myocardium. Defective Ca²⁺ homeostasis in heart failure can result from pathological alteration in the expression and activity of an increasingly understood collection of Ca²⁺ homeostatic and structural proteins, ion channels, and enzymes. This review focuses on the molecular mechanisms of defective Ca²⁺ cycling in heart failure and considers how fundamental understanding of these pathways may translate into novel and innovative therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Luo
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Center, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
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Pleger ST, Brinks H, Ritterhoff J, Raake P, Koch WJ, Katus HA, Most P. Heart failure gene therapy: the path to clinical practice. Circ Res 2013; 113:792-809. [PMID: 23989720 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.113.300269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Gene therapy, aimed at the correction of key pathologies being out of reach for conventional drugs, bears the potential to alter the treatment of cardiovascular diseases radically and thereby of heart failure. Heart failure gene therapy refers to a therapeutic system of targeted drug delivery to the heart that uses formulations of DNA and RNA, whose products determine the therapeutic classification through their biological actions. Among resident cardiac cells, cardiomyocytes have been the therapeutic target of numerous attempts to regenerate systolic and diastolic performance, to reverse remodeling and restore electric stability and metabolism. Although the concept to intervene directly within the genetic and molecular foundation of cardiac cells is simple and elegant, the path to clinical reality has been arduous because of the challenge on delivery technologies and vectors, expression regulation, and complex mechanisms of action of therapeutic gene products. Nonetheless, since the first demonstration of in vivo gene transfer into myocardium, there have been a series of advancements that have driven the evolution of heart failure gene therapy from an experimental tool to the threshold of becoming a viable clinical option. The objective of this review is to discuss the current state of the art in the field and point out inevitable innovations on which the future evolution of heart failure gene therapy into an effective and safe clinical treatment relies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven T Pleger
- Center for Molecular and Translational Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Germany
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene Braunwald
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
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Yamaguchi N, Chakraborty A, Huang TQ, Xu L, Gomez AC, Pasek DA, Meissner G. Cardiac hypertrophy associated with impaired regulation of cardiac ryanodine receptor by calmodulin and S100A1. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2013; 305:H86-94. [PMID: 23666671 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00144.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The cardiac ryanodine receptor (RyR2) is inhibited by calmodulin (CaM) and S100A1. Simultaneous substitution of three amino acid residues (W3587A, L3591D, F3603A; RyR2ADA) in the CaM binding domain of RyR2 results in loss of CaM inhibition at submicromolar (diastolic) and micromolar (systolic) Ca²⁺, cardiac hypertrophy, and heart failure in Ryr2ADA/ADA mice. To address whether cardiac hypertrophy results from the elimination of CaM and S100A1 inhibition at diastolic or systolic Ca²⁺, a mutant mouse was generated with a single RyR2 amino acid substitution (L3591D; RyR2D). Here we report that in single-channel measurements RyR2-L3591D isolated from Ryr2D/D hearts lost CaM inhibition at diastolic Ca²⁺ only, whereas S100A1 regulation was eliminated at both diastolic and systolic Ca²⁺. In contrast to the ~2-wk life span of Ryr2ADA/ADA mice, Ryr2D/D mice lived longer than 1 yr. Six-month-old Ryr2D/D mice showed a 9% increase in heart weight-to-body weight ratio, modest changes in cardiac morphology, and a twofold increase in atrial natriuretic peptide mRNA levels compared with wild type. After 4-wk pressure overload with transverse aortic constriction, heart weight-to-body weight ratio and atrial natriuretic peptide mRNA levels increased and echocardiography showed changes in heart morphology of Ryr2D/D mice compared with sham-operated mice. Collectively, the findings indicate that the single RyR2-L3591D mutation, which distinguishes the effects of diastolic and systolic Ca²⁺, alters heart size and cardiac function to a lesser extent in Ryr2D/D mice than the triple mutation in Ryr2ADA/ADA mice. They further suggest that CaM inhibition of RyR2 at systolic Ca²⁺ is important for maintaining normal cardiac function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naohiro Yamaguchi
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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Tang T, Hammond HK. Gene transfer for congestive heart failure: update 2013. Transl Res 2013; 161:313-20. [PMID: 23261978 PMCID: PMC3602385 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2012.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2012] [Revised: 11/19/2012] [Accepted: 11/27/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Congestive heart failure is a major cause of morbidity and mortality with increasing social and economic costs. There have been no new high impact therapeutic agents for this devastating disease for more than a decade. However, many pivotal regulators of cardiac function have been identified using cardiac-directed transgene expression and gene deletion in preclinical studies. Some of these increase function of the failing heart. Altering the expression of these pivotal regulators using gene transfer is now either being tested in clinical gene transfer trials, or soon will be. In this review, we summarize recent progress in cardiac gene transfer for clinical congestive heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Tang
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, and VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, Calif., USA
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Abstract
Despite major improvements in the treatment of virtually all cardiac disorders, heart failure (HF) is an exception, in that its prevalence is rising, and only small prolongations in survival are occurring. An increasing fraction, especially older women with diabetes, obesity, and atrial fibrillation exhibit HF with preserved systolic function. Several pathogenetic mechanisms appear to be operative in HF. These include increased hemodynamic overload, ischemia-related dysfunction, ventricular remodeling, excessive neurohumoral stimulation, abnormal myocyte calcium cycling, excessive or inadequate proliferation of the extracellular matrix, accelerated apoptosis, and genetic mutations. Biomarkers released as a consequence of myocardial stretch, imbalance between formation and breakdown of extracellular matrix, inflammation, and renal failure are useful in the identification of the pathogenetic mechanism and, when used in combination, may become helpful in estimating prognosis and selecting appropriate therapy. Promising new therapies that are now undergoing intensive investigation include an angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibitor, a naturally-occurring vasodilator peptide, a myofilament sensitizer and several drugs that enhance Ca++ uptake by the sarcoplasmic reticulum. Cell therapy, using autologous bone marrow and cardiac progenitor cells, appears to be promising, as does gene therapy. Chronic left ventricular assistance with continuous flow pumps is being applied more frequently and successfully as destination therapy, as a bridge to transplantation, and even as a bridge to recovery and explantation. While many of these therapies will improve the care of patients with HF, significant reductions in prevalence will require vigorous, multifaceted, preventive approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene Braunwald
- TIMI Study Group, Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital; and the Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
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Abstract
Myocardial in vivo gene delivery is a valuable technique to investigate the relevance of a protein of interest on cardiac contractile function, hypertrophy, and energy state in healthy animals as well as in a variety of models of cardiovascular disease. Rodent models are used to screen effects and to investigate molecular mechanisms, while large animal models, more closely reflecting human anatomy, physiology, and function, are inevitable for translational therapeutic approaches. The gene of interest, whose expression is driven by a non-cardioselective or cardioselective promotor is cloned into a viral vector. This vehicle is then delivered using an appropriate administration route to target the heart and to achieve efficient protein expression in myocardium. Here we describe myocardial gene therapy in small and large animal models of postischemic heart failure used to reveal the positive inotrope, antihypertrophic, and pro-energetic action of the small calcium sensor protein S100A1.
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Abstract
Cardiac myocyte function is dependent on the synchronized movements of Ca(2+) into and out of the cell, as well as between the cytosol and sarcoplasmic reticulum. These movements determine cardiac rhythm and regulate excitation-contraction coupling. Ca(2+) cycling is mediated by a number of critical Ca(2+)-handling proteins and transporters, such as L-type Ca(2+) channels (LTCCs) and sodium/calcium exchangers in the sarcolemma, and sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 2a (SERCA2a), ryanodine receptors, and cardiac phospholamban in the sarcoplasmic reticulum. The entry of Ca(2+) into the cytosol through LTCCs activates the release of Ca(2+) from the sarcoplasmic reticulum through ryanodine receptor channels and initiates myocyte contraction, whereas SERCA2a and cardiac phospholamban have a key role in sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) sequesteration and myocyte relaxation. Excitation-contraction coupling is regulated by phosphorylation of Ca(2+)-handling proteins. Abnormalities in sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) cycling are hallmarks of heart failure and contribute to the pathophysiology and progression of this disease. Correcting impaired intracellular Ca(2+) cycling is a promising new approach for the treatment of heart failure. Novel therapeutic strategies that enhance myocyte Ca(2+) homeostasis could prevent and reverse adverse cardiac remodeling and improve clinical outcomes in patients with heart failure.
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Asp ML, Martindale JJ, Heinis FI, Wang W, Metzger JM. Calcium mishandling in diastolic dysfunction: mechanisms and potential therapies. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2012; 1833:895-900. [PMID: 23022395 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2012.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2012] [Revised: 09/18/2012] [Accepted: 09/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Diastolic dysfunction is characterized by slow or incomplete relaxation of the ventricles during diastole, and is an important contributor to heart failure pathophysiology. Clinical symptoms include fatigue, shortness of breath, and pulmonary and peripheral edema, all contributing to decreased quality of life and poor prognosis. There are currently no therapies available that directly target the heart pump defects in diastolic function. Calcium mishandling is a hallmark of heart disease and has been the subject of a large body of research. Efforts are ongoing in a number of gene therapy approaches to normalize the function of calcium handling proteins such as sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase. An alternative approach to address calcium mishandling in diastolic dysfunction is to introduce calcium buffers to facilitate relaxation of the heart. Parvalbumin is a calcium binding protein found in fast-twitch skeletal muscle and not normally expressed in the heart. Gene transfer of parvalbumin into normal and diseased cardiac myocytes increases relaxation rate but also markedly decreases contraction amplitude. Although parvalbumin binds calcium in a delayed manner, it is not delayed enough to preserve full contractility. Factors contributing to the temporal nature of calcium buffering by parvalbumin are discussed in relation to remediation of diastolic dysfunction. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Cardiomyocyte Biology: Cardiac Pathways of Differentiation, Metabolism and Contraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle L Asp
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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Lenarčič Živković M, Zaręba-Kozioł M, Zhukova L, Poznański J, Zhukov I, Wysłouch-Cieszyńska A. Post-translational S-nitrosylation is an endogenous factor fine tuning the properties of human S100A1 protein. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:40457-70. [PMID: 22989881 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.418392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND S100A1 protein is a proposed target of molecule-guided therapy for heart failure. RESULTS S-Nitrosylation of S100A1 is present in cells, increases Ca(2+) binding, and tunes the overall protein conformation. CONCLUSION Thiol-aromatic molecular switch is responsible for NO-related modification of S100A1 properties. SIGNIFICANCE Post-translational S-nitrosylation may provide functional diversity and specificity to S100A1 and other S100 protein family members. S100A1 is a member of the Ca(2+)-binding S100 protein family. It is expressed in brain and heart tissue, where it plays a crucial role as a modulator of Ca(2+) homeostasis, energy metabolism, neurotransmitter release, and contractile performance. Biological effects of S100A1 have been attributed to its direct interaction with a variety of target proteins. The (patho)physiological relevance of S100A1 makes it an important molecular target for future therapeutic intervention. S-Nitrosylation is a post-translational modification of proteins, which plays a role in cellular signal transduction under physiological and pathological conditions. In this study, we confirmed that S100A1 protein is endogenously modified by Cys(85) S-nitrosylation in PC12 cells, which are a well established model system for studying S100A1 function. We used isothermal calorimetry to show that S-nitrosylation facilitates the formation of Ca(2+)-loaded S100A1 at physiological ionic strength conditions. To establish the unique influence of the S-nitroso group, our study describes high resolution three-dimensional structures of human apo-S100A1 protein with the Cys(85) thiol group in reduced and S-nitrosylated states. Solution structures of the proteins are based on NMR data obtained at physiological ionic strength. Comparative analysis shows that S-nitrosylation fine tunes the overall architecture of S100A1 protein. Although the typical S100 protein intersubunit four-helix bundle is conserved upon S-nitrosylation, the conformation of S100A1 protein is reorganized at the sites most important for target recognition (i.e. the C-terminal helix and the linker connecting two EF-hand domains). In summary, this study discloses cysteine S-nitrosylation as a new factor responsible for increasing functional diversity of S100A1 and helps explain the role of S100A1 as a Ca(2+) signal transmitter sensitive to NO/redox equilibrium within cells.
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Eckhouse SR, Jones JA, Spinale FG. Gene targeting in ischemic heart disease and failure: translational and clinical studies. Biochem Pharmacol 2012; 85:1-11. [PMID: 22935384 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2012.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2012] [Revised: 08/16/2012] [Accepted: 08/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Alternative and innovative targeted strategies hold relevance in improving the current treatments for ischemic heart disease (IHD). One potential treatment modality, gene targeting, may provide a unique alternative to current IHD therapies. The principal function of gene targeting in IHD is to augment the expression of an endogenous gene through amplification of an exogenous gene, delivered by a plasmid or a viral vector to enhance myocardial perfusion, and limit the long-term sequelae. The initial clinical studies of gene targeting in IHD were focused upon induction of angiogenic factors and the outcomes were equivocal. Nevertheless, significant advancements have been made in viral vectors, mode of delivery, and potentially relevant targets for IHD. Several of these advancements, particularly with a focus on translational large animal studies, are the focus of this review. The development of novel vectors with prolonged transduction efficiency and minimal inflammation, coupled with hybrid perfusion-mapping delivery devices, and improving the safety of vector use and efficacy of gene systems are but a few of the exciting progresses that are likely to proceed to clinical studies in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaina R Eckhouse
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, SC, USA
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Nagai T, Komuro I. Gene and cytokine therapy for heart failure: molecular mechanisms in the improvement of cardiac function. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2012; 303:H501-12. [PMID: 22777420 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00130.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Despite significant advances in pharmacological and clinical treatment, heart failure (HF) remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Many new therapeutic strategies, including cell transplantation, gene delivery, and cytokines or other small molecules, have been explored to treat HF. Recent advancement of our understanding of the molecules that regulate cardiac function uncover many of the therapeutic key molecules to treat HF. Furthermore, a theory of paracrine mechanism, which underlies the beneficial effects of cell therapy, leads us to search novel target molecules for genetic or pharmacological strategy. Gene therapy means delivery of genetic materials into cells to achieve therapeutic effects. Recently, gene transfer technology in the cardiovascular system has been improved and several therapeutic target genes have been started to examine in clinical research, and some of the promising results have been emerged. Among the various bioactive reagents, cytokines such as granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and erythropoietin have been well examined, and a number of clinical trials for acute myocardial infarction and chronic HF have been conducted. Although further research is needed in both preclinical and clinical areas in terms of molecular mechanisms, safety, and efficiency, both gene and cytokine therapy have a great possibility to open the new era of the treatment of HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshio Nagai
- Department of Cardiovascular Science and Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
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Kairouz V, Lipskaia L, Hajjar RJ, Chemaly ER. Molecular targets in heart failure gene therapy: current controversies and translational perspectives. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2012; 1254:42-50. [PMID: 22548568 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2012.06520.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Use of gene therapy for heart failure is gaining momentum as a result of the recent successful completion of phase II of the Calcium Upregulation by Percutaneous Administration of Gene Therapy in Cardiac Disease (CUPID) trial, which showed clinical safety and efficacy of an adeno-associated viral vector expressing sarco-endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase (SERCA2a). Resorting to gene therapy allows the manipulation of molecular targets not presently amenable to pharmacologic modulation. This short review focuses on the molecular targets of heart failure gene therapy that have demonstrated translational potential. At present, most of these targets are related to calcium handling in the cardiomyocyte. They include SERCA2a, phospholamban, S100A1, ryanodine receptor, and the inhibitor of the protein phosphatase 1. Other targets related to cAMP signaling are reviewed, such as adenylyl cyclase. MicroRNAs are emerging as novel therapeutic targets and convenient vectors for gene therapy, particularly in heart disease. We propose a discussion of recent advances and controversies in key molecular targets of heart failure gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Kairouz
- Department of Internal Medicine, University at Buffalo School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Erie County Medical Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
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49
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Ali R, Huang Y, Maher SE, Kim RW, Giordano FJ, Tellides G, Geirsson A. miR-1 mediated suppression of Sorcin regulates myocardial contractility through modulation of Ca2+ signaling. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2012; 52:1027-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2012.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2011] [Revised: 01/05/2012] [Accepted: 01/25/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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50
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