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Wang S, Wu R, Chen Q, Liu T, Li L. Exosomes derived from TNF-α-treated bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells ameliorate myocardial infarction injury in mice. Organogenesis 2024; 20:2356341. [PMID: 38766777 PMCID: PMC11110693 DOI: 10.1080/15476278.2024.2356341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Exosomes derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) exhibit considerable therapeutic potential for myocardial regeneration. In our investigation, we delved into their impact on various aspects of myocardial infarction (MI), including cardiac function, tissue damage, inflammation, and macrophage polarization in a murine model. We meticulously isolated the exosomes from TNF-α-treated BMSCs and evaluated their therapeutic efficacy in a mouse MI model induced by coronary artery ligation surgery. Our comprehensive analysis, incorporating ultrasound, serum assessment, Western blot, and qRT-PCR, revealed that exosomes from TNF-α-treated BMSCs demonstrated significant therapeutic potential in reducing MI-induced injury. Treatment with these exosomes resulted in improved cardiac function, reduced infarct area, and increased left ventricular wall thickness in MI mice. On a mechanistic level, exosome treatment fostered M2 macrophage polarization while concurrently suppressing M1 polarization. Hence, exosomes derived from TNF-α-treated BMSCs emerge as a promising therapeutic strategy for alleviating MI injury in a mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hebei Medical University of Shijiazhuang People’s Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Rubin Wu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hebei Medical University of Shijiazhuang People’s Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Qincong Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hebei Medical University of Shijiazhuang People’s Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hebei Medical University Second Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Liu Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hebei Medical University First Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
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Falcão-Pires I, Ferreira AF, Trindade F, Bertrand L, Ciccarelli M, Visco V, Dawson D, Hamdani N, Van Laake LW, Lezoualc'h F, Linke WA, Lunde IG, Rainer PP, Abdellatif M, Van der Velden J, Cosentino N, Paldino A, Pompilio G, Zacchigna S, Heymans S, Thum T, Tocchetti CG. Mechanisms of myocardial reverse remodelling and its clinical significance: A scientific statement of the ESC Working Group on Myocardial Function. Eur J Heart Fail 2024; 26:1454-1479. [PMID: 38837573 DOI: 10.1002/ejhf.3264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of morbimortality in Europe and worldwide. CVD imposes a heterogeneous spectrum of cardiac remodelling, depending on the insult nature, that is, pressure or volume overload, ischaemia, arrhythmias, infection, pathogenic gene variant, or cardiotoxicity. Moreover, the progression of CVD-induced remodelling is influenced by sex, age, genetic background and comorbidities, impacting patients' outcomes and prognosis. Cardiac reverse remodelling (RR) is defined as any normative improvement in cardiac geometry and function, driven by therapeutic interventions and rarely occurring spontaneously. While RR is the outcome desired for most CVD treatments, they often only slow/halt its progression or modify risk factors, calling for novel and more timely RR approaches. Interventions triggering RR depend on the myocardial insult and include drugs (renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors, beta-blockers, diuretics and sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors), devices (cardiac resynchronization therapy, ventricular assist devices), surgeries (valve replacement, coronary artery bypass graft), or physiological responses (deconditioning, postpartum). Subsequently, cardiac RR is inferred from the degree of normalization of left ventricular mass, ejection fraction and end-diastolic/end-systolic volumes, whose extent often correlates with patients' prognosis. However, strategies aimed at achieving sustained cardiac improvement, predictive models assessing the extent of RR, or even clinical endpoints that allow for distinguishing complete from incomplete RR or adverse remodelling objectively, remain limited and controversial. This scientific statement aims to define RR, clarify its underlying (patho)physiologic mechanisms and address (non)pharmacological options and promising strategies to promote RR, focusing on the left heart. We highlight the predictors of the extent of RR and review the prognostic significance/impact of incomplete RR/adverse remodelling. Lastly, we present an overview of RR animal models and potential future strategies under pre-clinical evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês Falcão-Pires
- UnIC@RISE, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Filipa Ferreira
- UnIC@RISE, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Fábio Trindade
- UnIC@RISE, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Luc Bertrand
- Université Catholique de Louvain, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Pôle of Cardiovascular Research, Brussels, Belgium
- WELBIO, Department, WEL Research Institute, Wavre, Belgium
| | - Michele Ciccarelli
- Cardiovascular Research Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy
| | - Valeria Visco
- Cardiovascular Research Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy
| | - Dana Dawson
- Aberdeen Cardiovascular and Diabetes Centre, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Nazha Hamdani
- Department of Cellular and Translational Physiology, Institute of Physiology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- Institut für Forschung und Lehre (IFL), Molecular and Experimental Cardiology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- HCEMM-SU Cardiovascular Comorbidities Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht University Maastricht, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Linda W Van Laake
- Division Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiology and Regenerative Medicine Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Frank Lezoualc'h
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Inserm, Université Paul Sabatier, UMR 1297-I2MC, Toulouse, France
| | - Wolfgang A Linke
- Institute of Physiology II, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Ida G Lunde
- Oslo Center for Clinical Heart Research, Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital Ullevaal, Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Campus Ahus, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Peter P Rainer
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed Graz, Graz, Austria
- St. Johann in Tirol General Hospital, St. Johann in Tirol, Austria
| | - Mahmoud Abdellatif
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed Graz, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Nicola Cosentino
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy
- Cardiovascular Section, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessia Paldino
- Cardiovascular Biology Laboratory, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Italy
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Giulio Pompilio
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Serena Zacchigna
- Cardiovascular Biology Laboratory, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Italy
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Stephane Heymans
- Department of Cardiology, CARIM Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Centre of Cardiovascular Research, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Thomas Thum
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Carlo Gabriele Tocchetti
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences (DISMET), Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), Interdepartmental Center of Clinical and Translational Sciences (CIRCET), Interdepartmental Hypertension Research Center (CIRIAPA), Federico II University, Naples, Italy
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3
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Grunblatt E, Feinstein MJ. Precision Phenotyping of Heart Failure in People with HIV: Early Insights and Challenges. Curr Heart Fail Rep 2024:10.1007/s11897-024-00674-w. [PMID: 38940893 DOI: 10.1007/s11897-024-00674-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW People with HIV have an elevated risk of developing heart failure even with optimally controlled disease. In this review, we outline the various mechanisms through which HIV infection may directly and indirectly contribute to heart failure pathology and highlight the emerging relationship between HIV, chronic inflammation, and cardiometabolic disease. RECENT FINDINGS HIV infection leads to chronic inflammation, immune dysregulation, and metabolic imbalances even in those with well controlled disease. These dysregulations occur through several diverse mechanisms which may lead to manifestations of different phenotypes of heart failure in people with HIV. While it has long been known that people with HIV are at risk of developing heart failure, recent studies have suggested numerous complex mechanisms involving chronic inflammation, immune dysregulation, and metabolic derangement through which this may be mediated. Further comprehensive studies are needed to elucidate the precise relationship between these mechanisms and the development of different subtypes of heart failure in people with HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eli Grunblatt
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 300 E Superior St, Ste 12-758, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Matthew J Feinstein
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 300 E Superior St, Ste 12-758, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
- Division of Cardiology in the Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
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Aboonabi A, McCauley MD. Myofilament dysfunction in diastolic heart failure. Heart Fail Rev 2024; 29:79-93. [PMID: 37837495 PMCID: PMC10904515 DOI: 10.1007/s10741-023-10352-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
Diastolic heart failure (DHF), in which impaired ventricular filling leads to typical heart failure symptoms, represents over 50% of all heart failure cases and is linked with risk factors, including metabolic syndrome, hypertension, diabetes, and aging. A substantial proportion of patients with this disorder maintain normal left ventricular systolic function, as assessed by ejection fraction. Despite the high prevalence of DHF, no effective therapeutic agents are available to treat this condition, partially because the molecular mechanisms of diastolic dysfunction remain poorly understood. As such, by focusing on the underlying molecular and cellular processes contributing to DHF can yield new insights that can represent an exciting new avenue and propose a novel therapeutic approach for DHF treatment. This review discusses new developments from basic and clinical/translational research to highlight current knowledge gaps, help define molecular determinants of diastolic dysfunction, and clarify new targets for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anahita Aboonabi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, 840 S. Wood St., 920S (MC 715), Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
- Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Mark D McCauley
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, 840 S. Wood St., 920S (MC 715), Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
- Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics and the Center for Cardiovascular Research, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
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Waddingham MT, Sequeira V, Kuster DWD, Dal Canto E, Handoko ML, de Man FS, da Silva Gonçalves Bós D, Ottenheijm CA, Shen S, van der Pijl RJ, van der Velden J, Paulus WJ, Eringa EC. Geranylgeranylacetone reduces cardiomyocyte stiffness and attenuates diastolic dysfunction in a rat model of cardiometabolic syndrome. Physiol Rep 2023; 11:e15788. [PMID: 37985159 PMCID: PMC10659935 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Titin-dependent stiffening of cardiomyocytes is a significant contributor to left ventricular (LV) diastolic dysfunction in heart failure with preserved LV ejection fraction (HFpEF). Small heat shock proteins (HSPs), such as HSPB5 and HSPB1, protect titin and administration of HSPB5 in vitro lowers cardiomyocyte stiffness in pressure-overload hypertrophy. In humans, oral treatment with geranylgeranylacetone (GGA) increases myocardial HSP expression, but the functional implications are unknown. Our objective was to investigate whether oral GGA treatment lowers cardiomyocyte stiffness and attenuates LV diastolic dysfunction in a rat model of the cardiometabolic syndrome. Twenty-one-week-old male lean (n = 10) and obese (n = 20) ZSF1 rats were studied, and obese rats were randomized to receive GGA (200 mg/kg/day) or vehicle by oral gavage for 4 weeks. Echocardiography and cardiac catheterization were performed before sacrifice at 25 weeks of age. Titin-based stiffness (Fpassive ) was determined by force measurements in relaxing solution with 100 nM [Ca2+ ] in permeabilized cardiomyocytes at sarcomere lengths (SL) ranging from 1.8 to 2.4 μm. In obese ZSF1 rats, GGA reduced isovolumic relaxation time of the LV without affecting blood pressure, EF or LV weight. In cardiomyocytes, GGA increased myofilament-bound HSPB5 and HSPB1 expression. Vehicle-treated obese rats exhibited higher cardiomyocyte stiffness at all SLs compared to lean rats, while GGA reduced stiffness at SL 2.0 μm. In obese ZSF1 rats, oral GGA treatment improves cardiomyocyte stiffness by increasing myofilament-bound HSPB1 and HSPB5. GGA could represent a potential novel therapy for the early stage of diastolic dysfunction in the cardiometabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark T. Waddingham
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular SciencesAmsterdam University Medical CentersAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Department of Cardiac PhysiologyNational Cerebral and Cardiovascular CenterSuitaJapan
| | - Vasco Sequeira
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular SciencesAmsterdam University Medical CentersAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Diederik W. D. Kuster
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular SciencesAmsterdam University Medical CentersAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Elisa Dal Canto
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular SciencesAmsterdam University Medical CentersAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Laboratory of Experimental CardiologyUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary CareUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - M. Louis Handoko
- Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular SciencesAmsterdam University Medical CentersAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Frances S. de Man
- Department of Pulmonology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular SciencesAmsterdam University Medical CentersAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | | | - Coen A. Ottenheijm
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular SciencesAmsterdam University Medical CentersAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Cellular and Molecular MedicineUniversity of ArizonaTucsonArizonaUSA
| | - Shengyi Shen
- Cellular and Molecular MedicineUniversity of ArizonaTucsonArizonaUSA
| | | | - Jolanda van der Velden
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular SciencesAmsterdam University Medical CentersAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Walter J. Paulus
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular SciencesAmsterdam University Medical CentersAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Etto C. Eringa
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular SciencesAmsterdam University Medical CentersAmsterdamThe Netherlands
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Kleinbongard P, Lieder HR, Skyschally A, Heusch G. No robust reduction of infarct size and no-reflow by metoprolol pretreatment in adult Göttingen minipigs. Basic Res Cardiol 2023; 118:23. [PMID: 37289247 PMCID: PMC10250284 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-023-00993-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Whereas prior experiments in juvenile pigs had reported infarct size reduction by intravenous metoprolol early during myocardial ischaemia, two major clinical trials in patients with reperfused acute myocardial infarction were equivocal. We, therefore, went back and tested the translational robustness of infarct size reduction by metoprolol in minipigs. Using a power analysis-based prospective design, we pretreated 20 anaesthetised adult Göttingen minipigs with 1 mg kg-1 metoprolol or placebo and subjected them to 60-min coronary occlusion and 180-min reperfusion. Primary endpoint was infarct size (triphenyl tetrazolium chloride staining) as a fraction of area at risk; no-reflow area (thioflavin-S staining) was a secondary endpoint. There was no significant reduction in infarct size (46 ± 8% of area at risk with metoprolol vs. 42 ± 8% with placebo) or area of no-reflow (19 ± 21% of infarct size with metoprolol vs. 15 ± 23% with placebo). However, the inverse relationship between infarct size and ischaemic regional myocardial blood flow was modestly, but significantly shifted downwards with metoprolol, whereas ischaemic blood flow tended to be reduced by metoprolol. With an additional dose of 1 mg kg-1 metoprolol after 30-min ischaemia in 4 additional pigs, infarct size was also not reduced (54 ± 9% vs. 46 ± 8% in 3 contemporary placebo, n.s.), and area of no-reflow tended to be increased (59 ± 20% vs. 29 ± 12%, n.s.).Infarct size reduction by metoprolol in pigs is not robust, and this result reflects the equivocal clinical trials. The lack of infarct size reduction may be the result of opposite effects of reduced infarct size at any given blood flow and reduced blood flow, possibly through unopposed alpha-adrenergic coronary vasoconstriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Kleinbongard
- Institute for Pathophysiology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University of Essen Medical School, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Helmut Raphael Lieder
- Institute for Pathophysiology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University of Essen Medical School, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Andreas Skyschally
- Institute for Pathophysiology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University of Essen Medical School, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Gerd Heusch
- Institute for Pathophysiology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University of Essen Medical School, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45147, Essen, Germany.
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Wang Y, Yang M, Zhang J, Ren J, Liu N, Liu B, Lu L, Yang B. S-Doped carbonized polymer dots inhibit early myocardial fibrosis by regulating mitochondrial function. Biomater Sci 2023; 11:894-907. [PMID: 36524407 DOI: 10.1039/d2bm00578f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Myocardial fibrosis (MF) is a critical pathological lesion in the progression of various acute and chronic cardiovascular diseases. However, there is still a lack of clinically effective drugs and treatments for MF therapies. Herein, for the first time, we developed fluorescent sulfur-doped carbonized polymer dots (S-CPDs) as new nano-antioxidants to reduce the cardiomyocyte damage caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the early stage of fibrotic lesions. In vitro results suggested that the pre-protection of S-CPDs significantly increased the survival rate of H9c2 cells under severe oxidative stress, inhibited the isoproterenol (ISO)-induced hypertrophy of myocardial cells through improving the content of mitochondria related proteins and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in cells. Moreover, S-CPD administration could effectively decrease cardiac hypertrophy and promote heart function in MF rat models. The rapid internalization, high biocompatibility and fluorescence imaging potential of S-CPDs revealed their promising application prospects in the diagnoses and treatments of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiran Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, P.R. China.
| | - Mingxi Yang
- Department of Hand Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, P.R. China. .,State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P.R. China.
| | - Jiayi Zhang
- Department of Hand Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, P.R. China.
| | - Jingyan Ren
- Department of Hand Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, P.R. China.
| | - Ning Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, P.R. China.
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, P.R. China.
| | - Laijin Lu
- Department of Hand Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, P.R. China.
| | - Bai Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P.R. China.
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Tkaczyszyn M, Górniak KM, Lis WH, Ponikowski P, Jankowska EA. Iron Deficiency and Deranged Myocardial Energetics in Heart Failure. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:17000. [PMID: 36554881 PMCID: PMC9778731 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192417000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Among different pathomechanisms involved in the development of heart failure, adverse metabolic myocardial remodeling closely related to ineffective energy production, constitutes the fundamental feature of the disease and translates into further progression of both cardiac dysfunction and maladaptations occurring within other organs. Being the component of key enzymatic machineries, iron plays a vital role in energy generation and utilization, hence the interest in whether, by correcting systemic and/or cellular deficiency of this micronutrient, we can influence the energetic efficiency of tissues, including the heart. In this review we summarize current knowledge on disturbed energy metabolism in failing hearts as well as we analyze experimental evidence linking iron deficiency with deranged myocardial energetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Tkaczyszyn
- Institute of Heart Diseases, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
- Institute of Heart Diseases, University Hospital, 50-566 Wroclaw, Poland
| | | | - Weronika Hanna Lis
- Institute of Heart Diseases, University Hospital, 50-566 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Ponikowski
- Institute of Heart Diseases, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
- Institute of Heart Diseases, University Hospital, 50-566 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Anita Jankowska
- Institute of Heart Diseases, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
- Institute of Heart Diseases, University Hospital, 50-566 Wroclaw, Poland
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9
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Ni C, Chen Y, Xu Y, Zhao J, Li Q, Xiao C, Wu Y, Wang J, Wang Y, Zhong Z, Zhang L, Wu R, Liu Q, Wu X, Ke C, Zhu W, Chen J, Huang J, Wang Y, Wang J, Hu X. Flavin Containing Monooxygenase 2 Prevents Cardiac Fibrosis via CYP2J3-SMURF2 Axis. Circ Res 2022; 131:101161CIRCRESAHA122320538. [PMID: 35861735 PMCID: PMC9932658 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.122.320538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiac fibrosis is a common pathological feature associated with adverse clinical outcome in postinjury remodeling and has no effective therapy. Using an unbiased transcriptome analysis, we identified FMO2 (flavin-containing monooxygenase 2) as a top-ranked gene dynamically expressed following myocardial infarction (MI) in hearts across different species including rodents, nonhuman primates, and human. However, the functional role of FMO2 in cardiac remodeling is largely unknown. METHODS Single-nuclei transcriptome analysis was performed to identify FMO2 after MI; FMO2 ablation rats were generated both in genetic level using the CRISPR-cas9 (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat-associated 9) technology and lentivirus-mediated manner. Gain-of-function experiments were conducted using postn-promoter FMO2, miR1a/miR133a-FMO2 lentivirus, and enzymatic activity mutant FMO2 lentivirus after MI. RESULTS A significant downregulation of FMO2 was consistently observed in hearts after MI in rodents, nonhuman primates, and patients. Single-nuclei transcriptome analysis showed cardiac expression of FMO2 was enriched in fibroblasts rather than myocytes. Elevated spontaneous tissue fibrosis was observed in the FMO2-null animals without external stress. In contrast, fibroblast-specific expression of FMO2 markedly reduced cardiac fibrosis following MI in rodents and nonhuman primates associated with diminished SMAD2/3 phosphorylation. Unexpectedly, the FMO2-mediated regulation in fibrosis and SMAD2/3 signaling was independent of its enzymatic activity. Rather, FMO2 was detected to interact with CYP2J3 (cytochrome p450 superfamily 2J3). Binding of FMO2 to CYP2J3 disrupted CYP2J3 interaction with SMURF2 (SMAD-specific E3 ubiquitin ligase 2) in cytosol, leading to increased cytoplasm to nuclear translocation of SMURF2 and consequent inhibition of SMAD2/3 signaling. CONCLUSIONS Loss of FMO2 is a conserved molecular signature in postinjury hearts. FMO2 possesses a previously uncharacterized enzyme-independent antifibrosis activity via the CYP2J3-SMURF2 axis. Restoring FMO2 expression exerts potent ameliorative effect against fibrotic remodeling in postinjury hearts from rodents to nonhuman primates. Therefore, FMO2 is a potential therapeutic target for treating cardiac fibrosis following injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Ni
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Key Lab of Zhejiang Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, P.R. China
| | - Yongjian Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Key Lab of Zhejiang Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, P.R. China
| | - Yinchuan Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Key Lab of Zhejiang Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, P.R. China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Key Lab of Zhejiang Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, P.R. China
| | - Qingju Li
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Key Lab of Zhejiang Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, P.R. China
| | - Changchen Xiao
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Key Lab of Zhejiang Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, P.R. China
| | - Yan Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Key Lab of Zhejiang Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, P.R. China
| | - Jingyi Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Key Lab of Zhejiang Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, P.R. China
| | - Yingchao Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Key Lab of Zhejiang Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, P.R. China
| | - Zhiwei Zhong
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Key Lab of Zhejiang Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, P.R. China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Key Lab of Zhejiang Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, P.R. China
| | - Rongrong Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Key Lab of Zhejiang Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, P.R. China
| | - Qingnian Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Key Lab of Zhejiang Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, P.R. China
| | - Xianpeng Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Key Lab of Zhejiang Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, P.R. China
| | - Changle Ke
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Key Lab of Zhejiang Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, P.R. China
| | - Wei Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Key Lab of Zhejiang Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, P.R. China
| | - Jinghai Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Key Lab of Zhejiang Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, P.R. China
| | - Jijun Huang
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Yibin Wang
- Programme in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore
| | - Jian’an Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Key Lab of Zhejiang Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, P.R. China
| | - Xinyang Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Key Lab of Zhejiang Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, P.R. China
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10
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Zhu M, Wei J, Li Y, Wang Y, Ren J, Li B, Ma B, Wang X, Qiao L, Zhou C, Liu J. Efficacy and Mechanism of Buyang Huanwu Decoction in Patients With Ischemic Heart Failure: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial Combined With Proteomic Analysis. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:831208. [PMID: 35370712 PMCID: PMC8971676 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.831208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Buyang Huanwu Decoction (BYHW), a famous herbal prescription in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), has been used for 200 years for treating ischemic heart failure (IHF). This study aims to assess the efficacy and safety of BYHW combined with guideline-guided pharmacotherapy in patients with IHF and explore the biological mechanism by which BYHW exerts its efficacy. Methods: In the multicenter, double-blind, randomized controlled trial, a total of 80 patients with IHF were randomized to receive BYHW or placebo for 3 months. The primary efficacy endpoints were New York Heart Association (NYHA) classification, TCM syndrome scores, N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-ProBNP), whereas the mechanism exploration endpoints included energy metabolism parameters and coagulation function parameters. In addition, we performed the proteomic study of the serum of patients after treatment by label-free quantification technology to verify the candidate target proteins and pathways. Results: After 3 months of treatment, the NYHA classification, TCM syndrome scores, and the percentage of subjects with at least 30% reduction in NT-ProBNP were significantly improved in the BYHW group, compared with the control group (p < 0.05); BYHW treatment also significantly regulated blood glucose, blood lipid levels, ameliorated energy metabolism and improved coagulation function parameters. There were no significant differences in safety endpoints between the two groups. In addition, we obtained 56 differentially expressed proteins by proteomics, including 20 upregulated proteins and 36 downregulated proteins. Bioinformatic analysis revealed the mechanism of BYHW treatment was significantly related to complement and coagulation cascades, cholesterol metabolism, NF-kappa B signaling pathway, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, and metabolic pathways. Among these differentially regulated proteins, fibrinogen gamma (FGG), fibrinogen beta (FGB), Carboxypeptidase B2 (CPB2), Coagulation factor XIII A (F13A1), Intercellular adhesion molecule1 (ICAM1), Apolipoprotein C-II(APOC2), Apolipoprotein C-I(APOC1), and CD44 were found to be signature proteins associated with the efficacy of BYHW against IHF. Conclusion: BYHW treatment can further improve cardiac dysfunction and clinical symptoms in IHF based on standard therapy without apparent adverse effects. Additionally, BYHW may play a therapeutic role in IHF by improving energy metabolism and regulating coagulation function through multiple targets and pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjun Zhu
- First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of CM, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Mingjun Zhu, ; Jianxun Liu,
| | - Jingjing Wei
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ying Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Region, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, National Clinical Research Center of Cardiovascular Disease of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yongxia Wang
- First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of CM, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Junguo Ren
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Region, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, National Clinical Research Center of Cardiovascular Disease of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Li
- First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of CM, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Bo Ma
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Region, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, National Clinical Research Center of Cardiovascular Disease of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xinlu Wang
- First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of CM, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lijie Qiao
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Cheng Zhou
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jianxun Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Region, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, National Clinical Research Center of Cardiovascular Disease of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Mingjun Zhu, ; Jianxun Liu,
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11
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Fu B, Wei X, Lin Y, Chen J, Yu D. Pathophysiologic Basis and Diagnostic Approaches for Ischemia With Non-obstructive Coronary Arteries: A Literature Review. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:731059. [PMID: 35369287 PMCID: PMC8968033 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.731059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemia with non-obstructive coronary arteries (INOCA) has gained increasing attention due to its high prevalence, atypical clinical presentations, difficult diagnostic procedures, and poor prognosis. There are two endotypes of INOCA-one is coronary microvascular dysfunction and the other is vasospastic angina. Diagnosis of INOCA lies in evaluating coronary flow reserve, microcirculatory resistance, and vasoreactivity, which is usually obtained via invasive coronary interventional techniques. Non-invasive diagnostic approaches such as echocardiography, single-photon emission computed tomography, cardiac positron emission tomography, and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging are also valuable for assessing coronary blood flow. Some new techniques (e.g., continuous thermodilution and angiography-derived quantitative flow reserve) have been investigated to assist the diagnosis of INOCA. In this review, we aimed to discuss the pathophysiologic basis and contemporary and novel diagnostic approaches for INOCA, to construct a better understanding of INOCA evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingqi Fu
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- Division of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuebiao Wei
- Division of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Division of Geriatric Intensive Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Geriatrics Institute, Guangdong Provincial People Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingwen Lin
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- Division of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiyan Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Danqing Yu
- Division of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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12
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Chua J, Le T, Sim YC, Chye HY, Tan B, Yao X, Wong D, Ang BWY, Toh D, Lim H, Bryant JA, Wong TY, Chin CWL, Schmetterer L. Relationship of Quantitative Retinal Capillary Network and Myocardial Remodeling in Systemic Hypertension. J Am Heart Assoc 2022; 11:e024226. [PMID: 35253475 PMCID: PMC9075291 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.121.024226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Background
This study examined the associations between quantitative optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) parameters and myocardial abnormalities as documented on cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging in patients with systemic hypertension.
Methods and Results
We conducted a cross‐sectional study of 118 adults with hypertension (197 eyes). Patients underwent cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging and OCTA (PLEX Elite 9000, Carl Zeiss Meditec). Associations between OCTA parameters (superficial and deep retinal capillary density) and adverse cardiac remodeling (left ventricular mass, remodeling index, interstitial fibrosis, global longitudinal strain, and presence of left ventricular hypertrophy) were studied using multivariable linear regression analysis with generalized estimating equations. Of the 118 patients with hypertension enrolled (65% men; median [interquartile range] age, 59 [13] years), 29% had left ventricular hypertrophy. After adjusting for age, sex, systolic blood pressure, diabetes, and signal strength of OCTA scans, patients with lower superficial capillary density had significantly higher left ventricular mass (β=−0.150; 95% CI, −0.290 to −0.010), higher interstitial volume (β=−0.270; 95% CI, −0.535 to −0.0015), and worse global longitudinal strain (β=−0.109; 95% CI, −0.187 to −0.032). Lower superficial capillary density was found in patients with hypertension with replacement fibrosis versus no replacement fibrosis (16.53±0.64 mm
‐1
versus 16.96±0.64 mm
‐1
;
P
=0.003).
Conclusions
We showed significant correlations between retinal capillary density and adverse cardiac remodeling markers in patients with hypertension, supporting the notion that the OCTA could provide a non‐invasive index of microcirculation alteration for vascular risk stratification in people with hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Chua
- Singapore Eye Research InstituteSingapore National Eye Centre Singapore Singapore
- Academic Clinical Program Duke‐NUS Medical School National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore
- SERI‐NTU Advanced Ocular Engineering (STANCE) Singapore Singapore
| | - Thu‐Thao Le
- Academic Clinical Program Duke‐NUS Medical School National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore
- National Heart Research Institute SingaporeNational Heart Centre Singapore Singapore Singapore
| | - Yin Ci Sim
- Singapore Eye Research InstituteSingapore National Eye Centre Singapore Singapore
| | - Hui Yi Chye
- Singapore Eye Research InstituteSingapore National Eye Centre Singapore Singapore
| | - Bingyao Tan
- Singapore Eye Research InstituteSingapore National Eye Centre Singapore Singapore
- SERI‐NTU Advanced Ocular Engineering (STANCE) Singapore Singapore
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering Nanyang Technological University Singapore
| | - Xinwen Yao
- Singapore Eye Research InstituteSingapore National Eye Centre Singapore Singapore
- SERI‐NTU Advanced Ocular Engineering (STANCE) Singapore Singapore
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering Nanyang Technological University Singapore
| | - Damon Wong
- Singapore Eye Research InstituteSingapore National Eye Centre Singapore Singapore
- SERI‐NTU Advanced Ocular Engineering (STANCE) Singapore Singapore
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering Nanyang Technological University Singapore
| | - Briana W. Y. Ang
- National Heart Research Institute SingaporeNational Heart Centre Singapore Singapore Singapore
| | - Desiree‐Faye Toh
- National Heart Research Institute SingaporeNational Heart Centre Singapore Singapore Singapore
| | - Huishan Lim
- National Heart Research Institute SingaporeNational Heart Centre Singapore Singapore Singapore
| | - Jennifer A. Bryant
- National Heart Research Institute SingaporeNational Heart Centre Singapore Singapore Singapore
| | - Tien Yin Wong
- Singapore Eye Research InstituteSingapore National Eye Centre Singapore Singapore
- Academic Clinical Program Duke‐NUS Medical School National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore
| | - Calvin Woon Loong Chin
- Academic Clinical Program Duke‐NUS Medical School National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore
- National Heart Research Institute SingaporeNational Heart Centre Singapore Singapore Singapore
| | - Leopold Schmetterer
- Singapore Eye Research InstituteSingapore National Eye Centre Singapore Singapore
- Academic Clinical Program Duke‐NUS Medical School National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore
- SERI‐NTU Advanced Ocular Engineering (STANCE) Singapore Singapore
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering Nanyang Technological University Singapore
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology Medical University Vienna Vienna Austria
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13
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Lee LE, Chandrasekar B, Yu P, Ma L. Quantification of myocardial fibrosis using noninvasive T2-mapping magnetic resonance imaging: Preclinical models of aging and pressure overload. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2022; 35:e4641. [PMID: 34729828 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Noninvasive imaging of cardiac fibrosis is important for early diagnosis and intervention in chronic heart diseases. Here, we investigated whether noninvasive, contrast agent-free MRI T2 -mapping can quantify myocardial fibrosis in preclinical models of aging and pressure overload. Myocardial fibrosis and remodeling were analyzed in two animal models: (i) aging (15-month-old male CF-1 mice vs. young 6- to 8-week-old mice), and (ii) pressure overload (PO; by transverse aortic constriction in 4- to 5-month-old male C57BL/6 mice vs. sham-operated for 14 days). In vivo T2 -mapping was performed by acquiring data during the isovolumic and early diastolic phases, with a modified respiratory and ECG-triggered multiecho TurboRARE sequence on a 7-T MRI. Cine MRI provided cardiac morphology and function. A quantitative segmentation method was developed to analyze the in vivo T2 -maps of hearts at midventricle, apex, and basal regions. The cardiac fibrosis area was analyzed ex vivo by picro sirius red (PSR) staining. Both aged and pressure-overloaded hearts developed significant myocardial contractile dysfunction, cardiac hypertrophy, and interstitial fibrosis. The aged mice had two phenotypes, fibrotic and mild-fibrotic. Notably, the aged fibrotic subgroup and the PO mice showed a marked decrease in T2 relaxation times (25.3 ± 0.6 in aged vs. 29.9 ± 0.7 ms in young mice, p = 0.002; and 24.3 ± 1.7 in PO vs. 28.7 ± 0.7 ms in shams, p = 0.05). However, no significant difference in T2 was detected between the aged mild-fibrotic subgroup and the young mice. Accordingly, an inverse correlation between myocardial fibrosis percentage (FP) and T2 relaxation time was derived (R2 = 0.98): T2 (ms) = 30.45 - 1.05 × FP. Thus, these results demonstrate a statistical agreement between T2 -map-quantified fibrosis and PSR staining in two different clinically relevant animal models. In conclusion, T2 -mapping MRI is a promising noninvasive contrast agent-free quantitative technique to characterize myocardial fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li E Lee
- Research Division/Biomolecular Imaging Center, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Bysani Chandrasekar
- Research Division/Biomolecular Imaging Center, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Ping Yu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Lixin Ma
- Research Division/Biomolecular Imaging Center, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
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14
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Indoxyl Sulfate Activates NLRP3 Inflammasome to Induce Cardiac Contractile Dysfunction Accompanied by Myocardial Fibrosis and Hypertrophy. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2022; 22:365-377. [PMID: 35088197 DOI: 10.1007/s12012-021-09718-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
In patients with chronic kidney diseases (CKD), high serum indoxyl sulfate (IS) levels correlate with cardiac fibrosis and hypertrophy and thus a critical risk factor for heart failure. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of IS on cardiac function and inflammasome pathway in a rat model of CKD. We assessed the physiological and pathological changes and measured biomarkers of fibrosis and hypertrophy in the hearts of Dahl salt-sensitive (DS), DS hypertensive (DH), and DH IS-treated rats (DH + IS). Low left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction, LV dilatation, and advanced myocardial fibrosis and hypertrophy were observed in DH + IS, which resemble changes found in uremic cardiomyopathy. These changes were independent of renal function and blood pressure. RT-PCR and western blotting analysis showed upregulation of fibrosis and hypertrophy-related biomarkers and adhesion molecules in the hearts of DH + IS rats. IS activated aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) pathway, nuclear factor kappa B p65 (NF-κB p65), and inflammasome in the myocardium of DH + IS rat. Moreover, IS upregulated the expression of critical NLRP3 inflammasome components (NLRP3, ASC, and procaspase-1) and increased production of IL-1β and IL-18. Finally, IS upregulated various inflammatory cytokines, such as MCP-1, TNF-α, IL-6, and TGFβ1, in the myocardium. Our results suggested that IS induced cardiac fibrosis and hypertrophy and impaired LV function through activation of cardiac NLRP3 inflammasome via the AHR/NF-κB pathway.
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15
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Yuan M, Zhao B, Jia H, Zhang C, Zuo X. Sinomenine ameliorates cardiac hypertrophy by activating Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway. Bioengineered 2021; 12:12778-12788. [PMID: 34895050 PMCID: PMC8810090 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.2000195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac hypertrophy (CH) is a result of the physiological adaptation of the heart to coronary heart disease, hypertension, and other cardiovascular diseases. Sinomenine is extracted from Caulis Sinomenii. This study aimed to explore the specific mechanism of the action of sinomenine in cardiac hypertrophy (CH) via Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway in vivo and in vitro. To establish a model of CH, H9C2 cells were treated with angiotensin II (Ang II) and intraperitoneally injected with isoproterenol. Then the cells were treated with 50 and 100 μM sinomenine. TUNEL, HE, rhodamine-labeled phalloidin, and immunohistochemical staining were performed. Flow cytometry was used to measure apoptosis rates. mRNA expression of ANP, BNP, and β-MHC was determined by qRT-PCR. Furthermore, western blotting was performed to analyze protein expression. After sinomenine treatment, the surface area and apoptosis rates were decreased. Furthermore, the mRNA expression of ANP, BNP, and β-MHC, levels of reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde, and protein expression of Caspase3 and Bax were down-regulated, and the protein expression of Bcl-2 was upregulated. Sinomenine activates the Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway, and inhibition of this signaling pathway reversed the effects of sinomenine. In animal experiments, sinomenine decreased the heart weight and left ventricular weight indices, as well as the expression of ANP, BNP, and β-MHC. Furthermore, sinomenine reduced the apoptosis rate and relieved CH-related oxidative stress by activating the Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway. Together, these findings reveal that sinomenine is a potential candidate drug for CH treatment and further research is required to generalize the result in human subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- ManLi Yuan
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, PLA Strategic Support Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Bei Zhao
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, PLA Strategic Support Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Huaping Jia
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, PLA Strategic Support Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Can Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, PLA Strategic Support Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaowen Zuo
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, PLA Strategic Support Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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16
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Osipova OA, Gosteva EV, Golivets TP, Belousova ON, Zemlyansky OA, Pokrovsky MV, Golovin AI, Grigorenko NV, Merezhko AA. Changes of myocardial fibrosis markers with the use of beta-blockers and mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists in patients with heart failure with mid-range ejection fraction of ischemic origin. КАРДИОВАСКУЛЯРНАЯ ТЕРАПИЯ И ПРОФИЛАКТИКА 2021. [DOI: 10.15829/1728-8800-2021-3068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim. To compare the effect of 12-month pharmacotherapy with a betablocker (BB) (bisoprolol and nebivolol) and a combination of BB with a mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist (bisoprolol+eplerenone, nebivolol+eplerenone) on following fibrosis markers: matrix metalloproteinases 1 and 9 (MMP-1, MMP-9) and tissue inhibitor of MMP-1 (TIMP-1) in patients with heart failure with mid-range ejection fraction (HFmrEF) of ischemic origin.Material and methods. The study included 135 patients, including 40 (29,6%) women and 95 (70,4%) men aged 45-60 years (mean age, 53,1±5,7 years). Patients were randomized into subgroups based on pharmacotherapy with BB (bisoprolol or nebivolol) and their combination with eplerenone. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to determine the level of MMP-1, MMP-9, TIMP-1 (ng/ml) using the commercial test system “MMP-1 ELISA”, “MMP-9 ELISA”, “Human TIMP-1 ELISA” (“Bender Medsystems “, Austria).Results. In patients with HFmrEF of ischemic origin, there were following downward changes in serum level of myocardial fibrosis markers, depending on the therapy: bisoprolol — MMP-1 decreased by 35% (p<0,01), MMP-9 — by 56,3% (p<0,001), TIMP-1 — by 17,9% (p<0,01); nebivolol — MMP-1 decreased by 45% (p<0,001), MMP-9 — by 57,1% (p<0,001), TIMP-1 — by 30,1% (p<0,01); combination of bisoprolol with eplerenone — MMP-1 decreased by 43% (p<0,001), MMP-9 — by 51,2% (p<0,001), TIMP-1 — by 25,1% (p<0,01); combination of nebivolol with eplerenone — MMP-1 decreased by 53% (p<0,001), MMP-9 — by 64,3% (p<0,001), TIMP-1 — by 39% (p<0,01). In patients with NYHA class I HFmrEF after 12-month therapy, the decrease in MMP-1 level was 39,9% (p<0,01), MMP-9 — 57,5% (p<0,001). In class II, the decrease in MMP-1 level was 47% (p<0,001), MMP-9 — 49,7% (p<0,001). A significant decrease in TIMP-1 level was revealed in patients with class I by 29% (p<0,01), in patients with class II by 27,1% (p<0,01) compared with the initial data.Conclusion. A significant decrease in the levels of myocardial fibrosis markers (MMP-1, MMP-9, TIMP-1) was demonstrated in patients with HFmrEF of ischemic origin receiving long-term pharmacotherapy. The most pronounced effect was determined in patients with NYHA class I HF.
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17
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Mariano TB, de Souza Castilho AC, de Almeida Sabela AKD, de Oliveira AC, Cury SS, Aguiar AF, Dias RDJD, Cicogna AC, Okoshi K, Junior LAJ, Carvalho RF, Pacagnelli FL. Preventive training does not interfere with mRNA-encoding myosin and collagen expression during pulmonary arterial hypertension. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0244768. [PMID: 34495964 PMCID: PMC8425576 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0244768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
To gain insight on the impact of preventive exercise during pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), we evaluated the gene expression of myosins and gene-encoding proteins associated with the extracellular matrix remodeling of right hypertrophied ventricles. We used 32 male Wistar rats, separated in four groups: Sedentary Control (S, n = 8); Control with Training (T, n = 8); Sedentary with Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (SPAH, n = 8); and Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension with Training (TPAH, n = 8). All rats underwent a two-week adaptation period; T and TPAH group rats then proceeded to an eight-week training period on a treadmill. At the beginning of the 11th week, S and T groups received an intraperitoneal injection of saline, and SPAH and TPAH groups received an injection of monocrotaline (60 mg/kg). Rats in the T and TPAH groups then continued with the training protocol until the 13th week. We assessed exercise capacity, echocardiography analysis, Fulton's index, cross-sectional areas of cardiomyocytes, collagen content and types, and fractal dimension (FD). Transcript abundance of myosins and extracellular matrix genes were estimated through reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). When compared to the SPAH group, the TPAH group showed increases in functional capacity and pulmonary artery acceleration time/pulmonary ejection time ratio and decreases in Fulton's index and cross-sectional areas of myocyte cells. However, preventive exercise did not induce alterations in col1a1 and myh7 gene expression. Our findings demonstrate that preventive exercise improved functional capacity, reduced cardiac hypertrophy, and attenuated PH development without interfering in mRNA-encoding myosin and collagen expression during PAH.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Male
- Rats, Wistar
- Physical Conditioning, Animal
- Rats
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Collagen/metabolism
- Collagen/genetics
- Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension/genetics
- Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension/metabolism
- Myosins/metabolism
- Myosins/genetics
- Hypertension, Pulmonary/genetics
- Hypertension, Pulmonary/metabolism
- Hypertension, Pulmonary/prevention & control
- Monocrotaline
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Hypertrophy, Right Ventricular/genetics
- Hypertrophy, Right Ventricular/metabolism
- Hypertrophy, Right Ventricular/prevention & control
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaoan Bruno Mariano
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Science, University of Western São Paulo (UNOESTE), Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - André Casanova de Oliveira
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Science, University of Western São Paulo (UNOESTE), Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sarah Santiloni Cury
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andreo Fernando Aguiar
- Postgraduate Program in Physical Exercise in Health Promotion, Northern University of Paraná, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Raisa de Jesus Dutra Dias
- Department of Physiotherapy, University of Western São Paulo (UNOESTE), Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Antonio Carlos Cicogna
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Katashi Okoshi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Robson Francisco Carvalho
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Francis Lopes Pacagnelli
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Science, University of Western São Paulo (UNOESTE), Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Physiotherapy, University of Western São Paulo (UNOESTE), Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil
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18
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Pharmacological Modulation of Cardiac Remodeling after Myocardial Infarction. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:8815349. [PMID: 33488934 PMCID: PMC7790555 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8815349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac remodeling describes a series of structural and functional changes in the heart after myocardial infarction (MI). Adverse post-MI cardiac remodeling directly jeopardizes the recovery of cardiac functions and the survival rate in MI patients. Several classes of drugs are proven to be useful to reduce the mortality of MI patients. However, it is an ongoing challenge to prevent the adverse effects of cardiac remodeling. The present review aims to identify the pharmacological therapies from the existing clinical drugs for the treatment of adverse post-MI cardiac remodeling. Post-MI cardiac remodeling is a complex process involving ischemia/reperfusion, inflammation, cell death, and deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM). Thus, the present review included two parts: (1) to examine the basic pathophysiology in the cardiovascular system and the molecular basis of cardiac remodeling and (2) to identify the pathological aspects of cardiac remodeling and the potential of the existing pharmacotherapies. Ultimately, the present review highlights drug repositioning as a strategy to discover effective therapies from the existing drugs against post-MI cardiac remodeling.
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Takikawa T, Ohashi K, Ogawa H, Otaka N, Kawanishi H, Fang L, Ozaki Y, Eguchi S, Tatsumi M, Takefuji M, Murohara T, Ouchi N. Adipolin/C1q/Tnf-related protein 12 prevents adverse cardiac remodeling after myocardial infarction. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0243483. [PMID: 33275602 PMCID: PMC7717554 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0243483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Myocardial infarction (MI) is a leading cause of death worldwide. We previously identified adipolin, also known as C1q/Tnf-related protein 12, as an anti-inflammatory adipokine with protective features against metabolic and vascular disorders. Here, we investigated the effect of adipolin on myocardial remodeling in a mouse model of MI. Methods Male adipolin-knockout (APL-KO) and wild-type (WT) mice were subjected to the permanent ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery to create MI. Results APL-KO mice exhibited increased ratios of heart weight/body weight and lung weight/body weight after MI compared with WT mice. APL-KO mice showed increased left ventricular diastolic diameter and decreased fractional shortening after MI compared with WT mice. APL-KO mice exhibited increased expression of pro-inflammatory mediators and enhanced cardiomyocyte apoptosis in the post-MI hearts compared with WT mice. Systemic administration of adenoviral vectors expressing adipolin to WT mice after MI surgery improved left ventricular contractile dysfunction and reduced cardiac expression of pro-inflammatory genes. Treatment of cultured cardiomyocytes with adipolin protein reduced lipopolysaccharide-induced expression of pro-inflammatory mediators and hypoxia-induced apoptosis. Treatment with adipolin protein increased Akt phosphorylation in cardiomyocytes. Inhibition of PI3 kinase/Akt signaling reversed the anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects of adipolin in cardiomyocytes. Conclusion Our data indicate that adipolin ameliorates pathological remodeling of myocardium after MI, at least in part, by its ability to reduce myocardial inflammatory response and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomonobu Takikawa
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Koji Ohashi
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
- * E-mail: (KO); (NO)
| | - Hayato Ogawa
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Naoya Otaka
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kawanishi
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Lixin Fang
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yuta Ozaki
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Eguchi
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Minako Tatsumi
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Mikito Takefuji
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Toyoaki Murohara
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Ouchi
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
- * E-mail: (KO); (NO)
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Vancheri F, Longo G, Vancheri S, Henein M. Coronary Microvascular Dysfunction. J Clin Med 2020; 9:E2880. [PMID: 32899944 PMCID: PMC7563453 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9092880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Many patients with chest pain undergoing coronary angiography do not show significant obstructive coronary lesions. A substantial proportion of these patients have abnormalities in the function and structure of coronary microcirculation due to endothelial and smooth muscle cell dysfunction. The coronary microcirculation has a fundamental role in the regulation of coronary blood flow in response to cardiac oxygen requirements. Impairment of this mechanism, defined as coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD), carries an increased risk of adverse cardiovascular clinical outcomes. Coronary endothelial dysfunction accounts for approximately two-thirds of clinical conditions presenting with symptoms and signs of myocardial ischemia without obstructive coronary disease, termed "ischemia with non-obstructive coronary artery disease" (INOCA) and for a small proportion of "myocardial infarction with non-obstructive coronary artery disease" (MINOCA). More frequently, the clinical presentation of INOCA is microvascular angina due to CMD, while some patients present vasospastic angina due to epicardial spasm, and mixed epicardial and microvascular forms. CMD may be associated with focal and diffuse epicardial coronary atherosclerosis, which may reinforce each other. Both INOCA and MINOCA are more common in females. Clinical classification of CMD includes the association with conditions in which atherosclerosis has limited relevance, with non-obstructive atherosclerosis, and with obstructive atherosclerosis. Several studies already exist which support the evidence that CMD is part of systemic microvascular disease involving multiple organs, such as brain and kidney. Moreover, CMD is strongly associated with the development of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), diabetes, hypertensive heart disease, and also chronic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Since coronary microcirculation is not visible on invasive angiography or computed tomographic coronary angiography (CTCA), the diagnosis of CMD is usually based on functional assessment of microcirculation, which can be performed by both invasive and non-invasive methods, including the assessment of delayed flow of contrast during angiography, measurement of coronary flow reserve (CFR) and index of microvascular resistance (IMR), evaluation of angina induced by intracoronary acetylcholine infusion, and assessment of myocardial perfusion by positron emission tomography (PET) and magnetic resonance (CMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Vancheri
- Department of Internal Medicine, S.Elia Hospital, 93100 Caltanissetta, Italy
| | - Giovanni Longo
- Cardiovascular and Interventional Department, S.Elia Hospital, 93100 Caltanissetta, Italy;
| | - Sergio Vancheri
- Radiology Department, I.R.C.C.S. Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Michael Henein
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umea University, SE-90187 Umea, Sweden;
- Department of Fluid Mechanics, Brunel University, Middlesex, London UB8 3PH, UK
- Molecular and Nuclear Research Institute, St George’s University, London SW17 0RE, UK
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Targeting the Nrf2/ARE Signalling Pathway to Mitigate Isoproterenol-Induced Cardiac Hypertrophy: Plausible Role of Hesperetin in Redox Homeostasis. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:9568278. [PMID: 32952852 PMCID: PMC7482027 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9568278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Revised: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac hypertrophy is the underlying cause of heart failure and is characterized by excessive oxidative stress leading to collagen deposition. Therefore, understanding the signalling mechanisms involved in excessive extracellular matrix deposition is necessary to prevent cardiac remodelling and heart failure. In this study, we hypothesized that hesperetin, a flavanone that elicits the activation of Nrf2 signalling and thereby suppresses oxidative stress, mediated pathological cardiac hypertrophy progression. A cardiac hypertrophy model was established with subcutaneous injection of isoproterenol in male Wistar rats. Oxidative stress markers, antioxidant defense status, and its upstream signalling molecules were evaluated to discover the impacts of hesperetin in ameliorating cardiac hypertrophy. Our results implicate that hesperetin pretreatment resulted in the mitigation of oxidative stress by upregulating antioxidant capacity of the heart. This curative effect might be owing to the activation of the master regulator of antioxidant defense system, known as Nrf2. Further, analysis of Nrf2 revealed that hesperetin enhances its nuclear translocation as well as the expression of its downstream targets (GCLC, NQO1, and HO-1) to boost the antioxidative status of the cells. To support this notion, in vitro studies were carried out in isoproterenol-treated H9c2 cells. Immunocytochemical analysis showed augmented nuclear localization of Nrf2 implicating the action of hesperetin at the molecular level to maintain the cellular redox homeostasis. Thus, it is conceivable that hesperetin could be a potential therapeutic candidate that enhances Nrf2 signalling and thereby ameliorates pathological cardiac remodelling.
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Ni G, Wang K, Zhou Y, Wu X, Wang J, Shang H, Wang L, Li X. Citri reticulatae Pericarpium attenuates Ang II-induced pathological cardiac hypertrophy via upregulating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors gamma. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2020; 8:1064. [PMID: 33145283 PMCID: PMC7575934 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-2118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Pathological cardiac hypertrophy is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, including heart failure. However, limited pharmacological therapies are available for reversing the maladaptive process and restoring cardiac function. Citri reticulatae Pericarpium (CRP) has been used in traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions for clinical treatment. Previous studies have shown that CRP and its ingredients have beneficial effects on the cardiovascular system. However, whether CRP has a protective effect against pathological cardiac hypertrophy remains unknown. Methods Primary neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (NRCMs) were treated with angiotensin II (Ang II) to induce pathological hypertrophy in vitro. Immunofluorescent staining and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) were used to determine the cell size and the expression of hypertrophic gene markers (Anp and Bnp), respectively. Male C57BL/6 mice were subjected to the investigation of cardiac hypertrophy induced by Ang II (2.5 mg/kg/d for 4 weeks). CRP (0.5 g/kg/d for 4 weeks) was administrated to treat mice with or without peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors gamma (PPARγ) inhibitor T0070907 (1 mg/kg/d for 4 weeks treatment) infused with Ang II. Cardiac hypertrophy (hematoxylin-eosin staining and qRT-PCR), fibrosis (Masson’s Trichrome staining, qRT-PCR, and western blot), and cardiac function (echocardiography) were examined in these mice. Western blot was used to determine the protein level of PPARγ and PGC-1α both in NRCMs and in mice. Results We found that CRP could prevent Ang II-induced pathological cardiac hypertrophy evidenced by improving cardiac function, decreasing hypertrophic growth and reducing cardiac fibrosis. Also, we demonstrated that PPARγ was upregulated by CRP both in NRCMs and in hearts. Moreover, PPARγ inhibitor could abolish the inhibitory effects of CRP on Ang II-induced pathological cardiac hypertrophy. Conclusions CRP attenuates Ang II-induced pathological cardiac hypertrophy by activating PPARγ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gehui Ni
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yufei Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaodong Wu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongcai Shang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Lijun Wang
- Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinli Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Exercise preconditioning prevents left ventricular dysfunction and remodeling in monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension. Porto Biomed J 2020; 5:e081. [PMID: 33195871 PMCID: PMC7657575 DOI: 10.1097/j.pbj.0000000000000081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Despite pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) directly affects the right ventricle (RV), important structural, functional, and molecular changes also occur in left ventricle (LV). The objective of our study was to analyze the hypothetical cardioprotective effects of exercise preconditioning on LV in rats with monocrotaline (MCT)-induced PAH. Methods: Forty male Wistar rats were randomly separated in sedentary (SED) and trained group (EX; running sessions of 60 min/day, 5 days/wk, at 25 m/min, for 4 weeks). After 4 weeks, animals were injected with MCT (60 mg/kg; SED + MCT; EX + MCT) or vehicle (SED + V). Following an additional period of 4 weeks where all animals remained sedentary, we completed LV hemodynamic evaluation in baseline and isovolumic conditions and collected LV samples for histological and molecular analysis. Results: Preconditioning with exercise was capable to restore LV systolic and diastolic dysfunction in both baseline and isovolumic conditions (P < .05). This improved was paralleled with prevention of LV cardiomyocytes atrophy, fibrosis, and endothelin 1 mRNA levels (P < .05). Conclusions: Our findings suggest that exercise preconditioning can prevent LV dysfunction secondary to MCT-induced PAH, which is of particular interest for the familial form of the disease that is manifested by greater severity or earlier onset.
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Wu G, Wang Z, Shan P, Huang S, Lin S, Huang W, Huang Z. Suppression of Netrin-1 attenuates angiotension II-induced cardiac remodeling through the PKC/MAPK signaling pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 130:110495. [PMID: 32688140 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myocardial remodeling caused by angiotensin II (Ang II) is essential for the pathological process of heart failure. Netrin-1, which is an axonal guidance cue, has been shown to be involved in the inflammatory response, tumorigenesis, and angiogenesis in non-neuronal tissues. However, the role of Netrin-1 in cardiac remodeling has not been fully elucidated. METHODS The rat cardiomyocyte cell line H9c2 and primary neonatal rat cardiomyocytes were treated with Ang II. Cells were transfected with siRNA to silence Netrin-1 expression. Real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis were used to detect the markers for fibrosis, apoptosis, and hypertrophy in cardiomyocytes. An Annexin V-EGFP/PI cell apoptosis detection kit was used to measure the level of apoptosis caused by angiotensin II. RESULTS We found that Netrin-1 expression was upregulated in the H9c2 cells and the neonatal rat cardiomyocytes stimulated by Ang II. The increased Netrin-1 expression was decreased by valsartan to block AT1R. Importantly, the application of Netrin-1 siRNA significantly alleviated the degrees of myocardial hypertrophy, fibrosis (reflected by Myhc, collagen I, and TGF-β) and apoptosis (reflected by the level of Caspase 3, Bax, and Bcl-2) induced by Ang II. In addition, the silencing of Netrin-1 substantially decreased the phosphorylation of PKCα, JNK, and P38. We treated H9c2 cells with LY317615, SP600125, and SB203580, inhibitors of PKCα, JNK, and P38, respectively, thereby resulting in a substantial decrease in hypertrophy, fibrosis, and apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS Ang II produces cardiac hypertrophy, fibrosis, and apoptosis through the upregulation of Netrin-1 and the activation of the AT1R/PKCα/MAPK (JNK, P38) pathway. Suppression of Netrin-1 can relieve Ang II-induced cardiac remodeling via inhibition of the PKCα/MAPK (JNK and P38) signaling pathway. Thus, Netrin-1 may be a novel therapeutic target for Ang II-mediated cardiac remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaojun Wu
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease of Wenzhou, Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of WenZhou Medical University, WenZhou, ZheJiang, China.
| | - Zhengxian Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease of Wenzhou, Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of WenZhou Medical University, WenZhou, ZheJiang, China.
| | - Peiren Shan
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease of Wenzhou, Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of WenZhou Medical University, WenZhou, ZheJiang, China.
| | - Shanjun Huang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease of Wenzhou, Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of WenZhou Medical University, WenZhou, ZheJiang, China.
| | - Shuang Lin
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease of Wenzhou, Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of WenZhou Medical University, WenZhou, ZheJiang, China.
| | - Weijian Huang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease of Wenzhou, Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of WenZhou Medical University, WenZhou, ZheJiang, China.
| | - Zhouqing Huang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease of Wenzhou, Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of WenZhou Medical University, WenZhou, ZheJiang, China.
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Cao JW, Duan SY, Zhang HX, Chen Y, Guo M. Zinc Deficiency Promoted Fibrosis via ROS and TIMP/MMPs in the Myocardium of Mice. Biol Trace Elem Res 2020; 196:145-152. [PMID: 31625053 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-019-01902-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Zinc (Zn) is an important trace element in the body that has antioxidant effects. It has been proven that Zn deficiency can cause oxidative stress. The purpose of the present study was to clarify the effect and mechanism of Zn deficiency on myocardial fibrosis. Mice were fed with different Zn levels dietary for 9 weeks: Zn-normal group (ZnN, 34 mg Zn/kg), Zn-deficient group (ZnD, 2 mg Zn/kg), and Zn-adequate group (ZnA, 100 mg Zn/kg). We found that the Zn-deficient diet reduced the Zn concentration in myocardial tissue. Moreover, the TUNEL results demonstrated that cardiomyocytes in the ZnD group died in large numbers. Furthermore, ROS levels were significantly increased, and metallothionein (MT) expression levels decreased in the ZnD group. The results of Sirius Red staining indicated an increase in collagen in the ZnD group. Moreover, the ELISA results showed that collagen I, III, and IV and fibronectin (FN) were increased. In addition, the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase (TIMPs) was detected by RT-qPCR. The results showed that the expression of TIMP-1 in the ZnD group was increased, while MMPs were decreased. Immunohistochemical results showed an increase in the content of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), while H&E staining showed an increase in interstitial width and a decrease in the number of cardiac cells. All data suggest that Zn deficiency enhances the oxidative stress response of myocardial tissue and eventually triggers myocardial fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Wen Cao
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Shi-Yu Duan
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Xin Zhang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengyao Guo
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China.
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Wiese S, Voiosu A, Hove JD, Danielsen KV, Voiosu T, Grønbaek H, Møller HJ, Genovese F, Reese-Petersen AL, Mookerjee RP, Clemmesen JO, Gøtze JP, Andersen O, Møller S, Bendtsen F. Fibrogenesis and inflammation contribute to the pathogenesis of cirrhotic cardiomyopathy. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2020; 52:340-350. [PMID: 32524673 DOI: 10.1111/apt.15812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fibrogenesis and inflammation contribute to the progression of cirrhosis. However, it is unknown if these processes also contribute to the development of cirrhotic cardiomyopathy (CCM). Novel magnetic resonance imaging with quantification of the extracellular volume (ECV) provides an estimate of the fibrotic remodelling in the liver and heart. AIM To investigate the relationship between liver and cardiac ECV in cirrhosis and their association with collagen turnover and inflammation. METHODS A prospective study of 52 patients with cirrhosis and 14 healthy controls. All patients underwent contrast-enhanced MRI with T1-mapping and quantification of myocardial and liver ECV, biochemical assessments of collagen turnover (PRO-C3, PRO-C5, PRO-C6, collagen type IV degradation fragment, collagen type V degradation fragment, LG1M) and inflammation (TNFα, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-18, SDF1α, sCD163, sMR, soluble macrophage mannose receptor). RESULTS Myocardial and liver ECV were increased in patients compared with healthy controls (myocardial ECV 31.2 ± 5.5% vs 27.4 ± 2.9%, P = 0.037; liver ECV 44.1 ± 9.6% vs 33.7 ± 6.7%, P < 0.001). Myocardial ECV correlated strongly with liver ECV (r = 0.48, P = 0.001) and biomarkers of collagen formation and inflammation (P < 0.005). Similarly, liver ECV correlated with biomarkers of collagen formation and inflammation (P < 0.003). In a multivariate analysis, liver ECV was predicted by biomarkers of collagen formation (PRO-C3 and PRO-C6), whereas myocardial ECV was predicted by biomarkers of collagen formation (PRO-C6) and inflammation (IL-6 and sMR). CONCLUSION Structural myocardial changes seem closely related to liver fibrosis in patients with cirrhosis. The strong associations with biomarkers of collagen formation and inflammation provide new insight into the role of inflammation and fibrogenesis in the development of structural cardiac abnormalities, potentially leading to CCM.
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Li ZH, Shi Z, Tang S, Yao HP, Lin X, Wu F. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate ameliorates LPS-induced inflammation by inhibiting the phosphorylation of Akt and ERK signaling molecules in rat H9c2 cells. Exp Ther Med 2020; 20:1621-1629. [PMID: 32742394 PMCID: PMC7388411 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.8827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The inflammatory response has been implicated in various cardiac and systemic diseases. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), the major polyphenol extracted from green tea, has various biological and pharmacological properties, such as anti-inflammation, anti-oxidative and anti-tumorigenesis. To some extent, the mechanism of EGCG in the inflammatory response that characterizes myocardial dysfunction is not fully understood. The present study aimed to investigate the inhibiting effect of EGCG on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation in vitro. Treatment with LPS affected rat H9c2 cardiomyocytes and induced an inflammatory response. However, the LPS-induced effects were attenuated after treatment with EGCG. The present results demonstrated that EGCG treatment repressed several inflammatory mediators, such as vascular endothelial growth factor, chemokine ligand 5, chemokine ligand 2, intercellular adhesion molecule-1, matrix metalloproteinase-2, tumor necrosis factor-α and nitric oxide (induced by LPS), and the repressing effect of EGCG on inflammatory response was dose-dependent in the range of 6.25-100 µM. EGCG inhibited these marked inflammatory key signaling molecules by reducing the expression of phospho-nuclear factor-κB p65, -Akt, -ERK and -MAPK p38 while the total protein level of these signal proteins were not affected. In conclusion, the present findings suggested that EGCG possesses cardiomyocyte-protective action in reducing the LPS-induced inflammatory response due to the inhibition of the phosphorylation of Akt and ERK signaling molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Hui Li
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Hangzhou Red Cross Hospital/Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine in Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Zhanli Shi
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Hangzhou Red Cross Hospital/Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine in Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Shengjie Tang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, P.R. China
| | - Hang Ping Yao
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, P.R. China
| | - Xihua Lin
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, P.R. China
| | - Fang Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, P.R. China
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Eukaryotic elongation factor 2 (eEF2) kinase/eEF2 plays protective roles against glucose deprivation-induced cell death in H9c2 cardiomyoblasts. Apoptosis 2020; 24:359-368. [PMID: 30737648 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-019-01525-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
During the development of cardiac hypertrophy, glucose deprivation (GD) associated with coronary microvascular rarefaction is caused, leading to cardiomyocyte death. Phosphorylation (inactivation) of eukaryotic elongation factor 2 (eEF2) by eEF2 kinase (eEF2K) inhibits protein translation, a highly energy consuming process, which plays protective roles against nutrient deprivation-induced cell death. We previously showed that eEF2 phosphorylation was increased in isolated heart from several cardiac hypertrophy models. In this study, we investigated whether eEF2K/eEF2 mediates the inhibition of cardiomyocyte death under GD condition. In H9c2 rat cardiomyoblasts cultured with serum-free medium, GD significantly augmented eEF2 phosphorylation and signals related to autophagy [increase of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3)-II to LC3-I ratio] and apoptosis (cleavage of caspase-3) as determined by Western blotting. GD induced cell death, which was augmented by eEF2K gene knockdown using a small interfering RNA. eEF2K gene knockdown significantly augmented GD-induced cleavage of caspase-3 and apoptotic nuclear condensation as determined by 4', 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole staining. In contrast, eEF2K gene knockdown significantly inhibited GD-induced increase of LC3-II to LC3-I ratio and autophagosome formation as determined by an immunofluorescence staining. An inhibitor of autophagy, 3-methyladenine or bafilomycin A1 significantly augmented GD-induced cleavage of caspase-3. Further, eEF2K gene knockdown significantly inhibited GD-induced phosphorylation of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK)α and its downstream substrate, unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase (ULK)1. An inhibitor of AMPK, dorsomorphin significantly inhibited GD-induced increase of LC3-II to LC3-I ratio. In conclusion, we for the first time revealed that eEF2K/eEF2 axis under GD condition mediates the inhibition of apoptotic H9c2 cell death at least in part via promotion of autophagy through AMPKα/ULK1 signaling pathway.
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Abstract
Inflammation has long been known to play a role in heart failure (HF). Earlier studies demonstrated that inflammation contributes to the pathogenesis of HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), and the knowledge about molecules and cell types specifically involved in inflammatory events has been constantly increased ever since. However, conflicting results of several trials with anti-inflammatory treatments led to the conclusions that inflammation does participate in the progression of HFrEF, but more likely it is not the primary event. Conversely, it has been suggested that inflammation drives the development of HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Recently the pharmacological blockade of interleukin-1 has been shown to prevent HF hospitalization and mortality in patients with prior myocardial infarction, lending renewed support to the hypothesis that inflammation is a promising therapeutic target in HF. Inflammation has also been proposed to underlie both HF and commonly associated conditions, such as chronic kidney disease or cancer. Within this last paradigm, an emergent role has been ascribed to clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential. Here, we summarize the recent evidence about the role of inflammation in HF, highlighting the similarities and differences in HFrEF vs. HFpEF, and discuss the diagnostic and therapeutic opportunities raised by antinflammatory-based approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele G Schiattarella
- Department of Internal Medicine (Cardiology), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 6000 Harry Hines Blvd, NB11.208, Dallas, TX, 75390-8573, USA.
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.
| | - Vasco Sequeira
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Center (CHFC), University Clinic Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Pietro Ameri
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, Genoa, Italy.
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino - IRCCS Italian Cardiovascular Network, Genoa, Italy.
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Cellular and Molecular Differences between HFpEF and HFrEF: A Step Ahead in an Improved Pathological Understanding. Cells 2020; 9:cells9010242. [PMID: 31963679 PMCID: PMC7016826 DOI: 10.3390/cells9010242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is the most rapidly growing cardiovascular health burden worldwide. HF can be classified into three groups based on the percentage of the ejection fraction (EF): heart failure with reduced EF (HFrEF), heart failure with mid-range-also called mildly reduced EF- (HFmrEF), and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). HFmrEF can progress into either HFrEF or HFpEF, but its phenotype is dominated by coronary artery disease, as in HFrEF. HFrEF and HFpEF present with differences in both the development and progression of the disease secondary to changes at the cellular and molecular level. While recent medical advances have resulted in efficient and specific treatments for HFrEF, these treatments lack efficacy for HFpEF management. These differential response rates, coupled to increasing rates of HF, highlight the significant need to understand the unique pathogenesis of HFrEF and HFpEF. In this review, we summarize the differences in pathological development of HFrEF and HFpEF, focussing on disease-specific aspects of inflammation and endothelial function, cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and death, alterations in the giant spring titin, and fibrosis. We highlight the areas of difference between the two diseases with the aim of guiding research efforts for novel therapeutics in HFrEF and HFpEF.
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31
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Oda-Kawashima K, Sedukhina AS, Okamoto N, Lytvyn M, Minagawa K, Iwata T, Kumai T, Sato E, Inada E, Yamaura A, Sakamoto M, Roche-Molina M, Bernal JA, Sato K. NF-kB signaling in cardiomyocytes is inhibited by sevoflurane and promoted by propofol. FEBS Open Bio 2020; 10:259-267. [PMID: 31898867 PMCID: PMC6996339 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Both inhalational and intravenous anesthetics affect myocardial remodeling, but the precise effect of each anesthetic on molecular signaling in myocardial remodeling is unknown. Here, we performed in silico analysis to investigate signaling alterations in cardiomyocytes induced by inhalational [sevoflurane (Sevo)] and intravenous [propofol (Prop)] anesthetics. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that nuclear factor‐kappa B (NF‐kB) signaling was inhibited by Sevo and promoted by Prop. Moreover, nuclear accumulation of p65 and transcription of NF‐kB‐regulated genes were suppressed in Sevo‐administered mice, suggesting that Sevo inhibits the NF‐kB signaling pathway. Our data demonstrate that NF‐kB signaling is inhibited by Sevo and promoted by Prop. As NF‐kB signaling plays an important role in myocardial remodeling, our results suggest that anesthetics may affect myocardial remodeling through NF‐kB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Oda-Kawashima
- Department of Pharmacogenomics, St. Marianna University Graduate School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan.,Anesthesiology Division, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
| | - Anna S Sedukhina
- Department of Pharmacogenomics, St. Marianna University Graduate School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Naoki Okamoto
- Department of Pharmacogenomics, St. Marianna University Graduate School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Mariya Lytvyn
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Kimino Minagawa
- Department of Pharmacogenomics, St. Marianna University Graduate School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Teppei Iwata
- Department of Pharmacogenomics, St. Marianna University Graduate School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Toshio Kumai
- Department of Pharmacogenomics, St. Marianna University Graduate School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Eri Sato
- Department of Pharmacogenomics, St. Marianna University Graduate School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Eiichi Inada
- Anesthesiology Division, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
| | - Ayako Yamaura
- Department of Anesthesiology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Miki Sakamoto
- Department of Anesthesiology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Marta Roche-Molina
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan A Bernal
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ko Sato
- Department of Pharmacogenomics, St. Marianna University Graduate School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan
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Diarte-Añazco EMG, Méndez-Lara KA, Pérez A, Alonso N, Blanco-Vaca F, Julve J. Novel Insights into the Role of HDL-Associated Sphingosine-1-Phosphate in Cardiometabolic Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20246273. [PMID: 31842389 PMCID: PMC6940915 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20246273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Sphingolipids are key signaling molecules involved in the regulation of cell physiology. These species are found in tissues and in circulation. Although they only constitute a small fraction in lipid composition of circulating lipoproteins, their concentration in plasma and distribution among plasma lipoproteins appears distorted under adverse cardiometabolic conditions such as diabetes mellitus. Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), one of their main representatives, is involved in regulating cardiomyocyte homeostasis in different models of experimental cardiomyopathy. Cardiomyopathy is a common complication of diabetes mellitus and represents a main risk factor for heart failure. Notably, plasma concentration of S1P, particularly high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-bound S1P, may be decreased in patients with diabetes mellitus, and hence, inversely related to cardiac alterations. Despite this, little attention has been given to the circulating levels of either total S1P or HDL-bound S1P as potential biomarkers of diabetic cardiomyopathy. Thus, this review will focus on the potential role of HDL-bound S1P as a circulating biomarker in the diagnosis of main cardiometabolic complications frequently associated with systemic metabolic syndromes with impaired insulin signaling. Given the bioactive nature of these molecules, we also evaluated its potential of HDL-bound S1P-raising strategies for the treatment of cardiometabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena M. G. Diarte-Añazco
- Institut de Recerca de l’Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, and Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), 08041 Barcelona, Spain;
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain;
| | - Karen Alejandra Méndez-Lara
- Institut de Recerca de l’Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, and Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), 08041 Barcelona, Spain;
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain;
- Correspondence: (K.A.M.-L.); (F.B.-V.); (J.J.)
| | - Antonio Pérez
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain;
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, CIBERDEM, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Servei d’Endocrinologia, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB Sant Pau, 08041 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Núria Alonso
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, CIBERDEM, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Servei d’Endocrinologia, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, 08916 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francisco Blanco-Vaca
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain;
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, CIBERDEM, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Servei de Bioquímica, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB Sant Pau, 08041 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: (K.A.M.-L.); (F.B.-V.); (J.J.)
| | - Josep Julve
- Institut de Recerca de l’Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, and Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), 08041 Barcelona, Spain;
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain;
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, CIBERDEM, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Correspondence: (K.A.M.-L.); (F.B.-V.); (J.J.)
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Ma S, Ma J, Zhou Y, Guo L, Bai J, Zhang M. Tongguan capsule derived-herb ameliorates remodeling at infarcted border zone and reduces ventricular arrhythmias in rats after myocardial infarction. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 120:109514. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
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Fan Z, Xu Z, Niu H, Sui Y, Li H, Ma J, Guan J. Spatiotemporal delivery of basic fibroblast growth factor to directly and simultaneously attenuate cardiac fibrosis and promote cardiac tissue vascularization following myocardial infarction. J Control Release 2019; 311-312:233-244. [PMID: 31521744 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2019.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Following myocardial infarction (MI), the destruction of vasculature in the infarcted heart muscle and progression of cardiac fibrosis lead to cardiac function deterioration. Vascularization of the damaged tissue and prevention of cardiac fibrosis represent promising strategies to improve cardiac function. Herein we have developed a bFGF release system with suitable release kinetics to simultaneously achieve the two goals. The release system was based on an injectable, thermosensitive, and fast gelation hydrogel and bFGF. The hydrogel had gelation time <7 s. It can quickly solidify upon injection into tissue so as to increase drug retention in the tissue. Hydrogel complex modulus can be tuned by hydrogel solution concentration. The complex modulus of 176.6 Pa and lower allowed cardiac fibroblast to maintain its phenotype. Bioactive bFGF was able to gradually release from the hydrogel for 4 weeks. The released bFGF promoted cardiac fibroblast survival under ischemic conditions mimicking those of the infarcted hearts. It also attenuated cardiac fibroblasts from differentiating into myofibroblasts in the presence of TGFβ when tested in 3D collagen model mimicking the scenario when the bFGF release system was injected into hearts. Furthermore, the released bFGF stimulated human umbilical endothelial cells to form endothelial lumen. After 4 weeks of implantation into infarcted hearts, the bFGF release system significantly increased blood vessel density, decreased myofibroblast density and collagen content, augmented cardiac cell survival/proliferation, and reduced macrophage density. In addition, the bFGF release system significantly increased cardiac function. These results demonstrate that delivery of bFGF with appropriate release kinetics alone may represent an efficient approach to control cardiac remodeling after MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaobo Fan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States of America
| | - Zhaobin Xu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States of America
| | - Hong Niu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Yang Sui
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Haichang Li
- Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States of America
| | - Jianjie Ma
- Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States of America
| | - Jianjun Guan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States of America; Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA.
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35
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Bruns DR, Tatman PD, Kalkur RS, Brown RD, Stenmark KR, Buttrick PM, Walker LA. The right ventricular fibroblast secretome drives cardiomyocyte dedifferentiation. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0220573. [PMID: 31374110 PMCID: PMC6677314 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0220573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE In virtually all models of heart failure, prognosis is determined by right ventricular (RV) function; thus, understanding the cellular mechanisms contributing to RV dysfunction is critical. Whole organ remodeling is associated with cell-specific changes, including cardiomyocyte dedifferentiation and activation of cardiac fibroblasts (Cfib) which in turn is linked to disorganization of cytoskeletal proteins and loss of sarcomeric structures. However, how these cellular changes contribute to RV function remains unknown. We've previously shown significant organ-level RV dysfunction in a large animal model of pulmonary hypertension (PH) which was not mirrored by reduced function of isolated cardiomyocytes. We hypothesized that factors produced by the endogenous Cfib contribute to global RV dysfunction by generating a heterogeneous cellular environment populated by dedifferentiated cells. OBJECTIVE To determine the effect of Cfib conditioned media (CM) from the PH calf (PH-CM) on adult rat ventricular myocytes (ARVM) in culture. METHODS AND RESULTS Brief exposure (<2 days) to PH-CM results in rapid, marked dedifferentiation of ARVM to a neonatal-like phenotype exhibiting spontaneous contractile behavior. Dedifferentiated cells maintain viability for over 30 days with continued expression of cardiomyocyte proteins including TnI and α-actinin yet exhibit myofibroblast characteristics including expression of α-smooth muscle actin. Using a bioinformatics approach to identify factor(s) that contribute to dedifferentiation, we found activation of the PH Cfib results in a unique transcriptome correlating with factors both in the secretome and with activated pathways in the dedifferentiated myocyte. Further, we identified upregulation of periostin in the Cfib and CM, and demonstrate that periostin is sufficient to drive cardiomyocyte dedifferentiation. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that paracrine factor(s) released by Cfib from the PH calf signal a phenotypic transformation in a population of cardiomyocytes that likely contributes to RV dysfunction. Therapies targeting this process, such as inhibition of periostin, have the potential to prevent RV dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle R. Bruns
- University of Colorado-Denver, Dept. of Medicine/Cardiology, Aurora, CO, United States of America
| | - Philip D. Tatman
- University of Colorado-Denver, Dept. of Medicine/Cardiology, Aurora, CO, United States of America
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Aurora, CO, United States of America
| | - Roshni S. Kalkur
- University of Colorado-Denver, Dept. of Medicine/Cardiology, Aurora, CO, United States of America
| | - R. Dale Brown
- University of Colorado-Denver, Dept. of Pediatrics, Aurora, CO, United States of America
| | - Kurt R. Stenmark
- University of Colorado-Denver, Dept. of Pediatrics, Aurora, CO, United States of America
| | - Peter M. Buttrick
- University of Colorado-Denver, Dept. of Medicine/Cardiology, Aurora, CO, United States of America
| | - Lori A. Walker
- University of Colorado-Denver, Dept. of Medicine/Cardiology, Aurora, CO, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Lakhani I, Leung KSK, Tse G, Lee APW. Novel Mechanisms in Heart Failure With Preserved, Midrange, and Reduced Ejection Fraction. Front Physiol 2019; 10:874. [PMID: 31333505 PMCID: PMC6625157 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ishan Lakhani
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Faculty of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Keith Sai Kit Leung
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Faculty of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Aston Medical School, Aston University, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Gary Tse
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Faculty of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Alex Pui Wai Lee
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Xu M, Wan CX, Huang SH, Wang HB, Fan D, Wu HM, Wu QQ, Ma ZG, Deng W, Tang QZ. Oridonin protects against cardiac hypertrophy by promoting P21-related autophagy. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:403. [PMID: 31127082 PMCID: PMC6534559 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1617-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2018] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is an endogenous protective process; the loss of autophagy could destabilize proteostasis and elevate intracellular oxidative stress, which is critically involved in the development of cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure. Oridonin, a natural tetracycline diterpenoid from the Chinese herb Rabdosia, has autophagy activation properties. In this study, we tested whether oridonin protects against cardiac hypertrophy in mice and cardiomyocytes. We implemented aortic banding to induce a cardiac hypertrophy mouse model, and oridonin was given by gavage for 4 weeks. Neonatal rat cardiomyocytes were stimulated with angiotensin II to simulate neurohumoural stress. Both in vivo and in vitro studies suggested that oridonin treatment mitigated pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis, and also preserved heart function. Mice that received oridonin exhibited increased antioxidase activities and suppressed oxidative injury compared with the aortic banding group. Moreover, oridonin enhanced myocardial autophagy in pressure-overloaded hearts and angiotensin II-stimulated cardiomyocytes. Mechanistically, we discovered that oridonin administration regulated myocardial P21, and cytoplasmic P21 activated autophagy via regulating Akt and AMPK phosphorylation. These findings were further corroborated in a P21 knockout mouse model. Collectively, pressure overload-induced autophagy dysfunction causes intracellular protein accumulation, resulting in ROS injury while aggravating cardiac hypertrophy. Thus, our data show that oridonin promoted P21-related autophagic lysosomal degradation, hence attenuating oxidative injury and cardiac hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Chun-Xia Wan
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Si-Hui Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Hui-Bo Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Di Fan
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Hai-Ming Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Qing-Qing Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Zhen-Guo Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Wei Deng
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China. .,Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China. .,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, 430060, China.
| | - Qi-Zhu Tang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China. .,Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China. .,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, 430060, China.
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Fibrosis miocárdica: hacia una nueva aproximación. REVISTA COLOMBIANA DE CARDIOLOGÍA 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rccar.2018.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Co-treatment with interferon-γ and 1-methyl tryptophan ameliorates cardiac fibrosis through cardiac myofibroblasts apoptosis. Mol Cell Biochem 2019; 458:197-205. [PMID: 31006829 PMCID: PMC6616223 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-019-03542-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac remodeling characterized by cardiac fibrosis is a pathologic process occurring after acute myocardial infarction. Fibrosis can be ameliorated by interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), which is a soluble cytokine showing various effects such as anti-fibrosis, apoptosis, anti-proliferation, immunomodulation, and anti-viral activities. However, the role of IFN-γ in cardiac myofibroblasts is not well established. Therefore, we investigated the anti-fibrotic effects of IFN-γ in human cardiac myofibroblasts (hCMs) in vitro and whether indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), induced by IFN-γ and resulting in cell cycle arrest, plays an important role in regulating the biological activity of hCMs. After IFN-γ treatment, cell signaling pathways and DNA contents were analyzed to assess the biological activity of IFN-γ in hCMs. In addition, an IDO inhibitor (1-methyl tryptophan; 1-MT) was used to assess whether IDO plays a key role in regulating hCMs. IFN-γ significantly inhibited hCM proliferation, and IFN-γ-induced IDO expression caused cell cycle arrest in G0/G1 through tryptophan depletion. Moreover, IFN-γ treatment gradually suppressed the expression of α-smooth muscle actin. When IDO activity was inhibited by 1-MT, marked apoptosis was observed in hCMs through the induction of interferon regulatory factor, Fas, and Fas ligand. Our results suggest that IFN-γ plays key roles in anti-proliferative and anti-fibrotic activities in hCMs and further induces apoptosis via IDO inhibition. In conclusion, co-treatment with IFN-γ and 1-MT can ameliorate fibrosis in cardiac myofibroblasts through apoptosis.
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González A, Ravassa S, López B, Moreno MU, Beaumont J, San José G, Querejeta R, Bayés-Genís A, Díez J. Myocardial Remodeling in Hypertension. Hypertension 2019; 72:549-558. [PMID: 30354762 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.118.11125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arantxa González
- From the Program of Cardiovascular Diseases, Center for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain (A.G., S.R., B.L., M.U.M., J.B., G.S.J., J.D.).,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain (A.G., S.R., B.L., M.U.M., J.B., G.S.J., J.D.).,CIBERCV, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain (A.G., S.R., B.L., M.U.M., J.B., G.S.J., A.B.-G., J.D.)
| | - Susana Ravassa
- From the Program of Cardiovascular Diseases, Center for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain (A.G., S.R., B.L., M.U.M., J.B., G.S.J., J.D.).,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain (A.G., S.R., B.L., M.U.M., J.B., G.S.J., J.D.).,CIBERCV, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain (A.G., S.R., B.L., M.U.M., J.B., G.S.J., A.B.-G., J.D.)
| | - Begoña López
- From the Program of Cardiovascular Diseases, Center for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain (A.G., S.R., B.L., M.U.M., J.B., G.S.J., J.D.).,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain (A.G., S.R., B.L., M.U.M., J.B., G.S.J., J.D.).,CIBERCV, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain (A.G., S.R., B.L., M.U.M., J.B., G.S.J., A.B.-G., J.D.)
| | - María U Moreno
- From the Program of Cardiovascular Diseases, Center for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain (A.G., S.R., B.L., M.U.M., J.B., G.S.J., J.D.).,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain (A.G., S.R., B.L., M.U.M., J.B., G.S.J., J.D.).,CIBERCV, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain (A.G., S.R., B.L., M.U.M., J.B., G.S.J., A.B.-G., J.D.)
| | - Javier Beaumont
- From the Program of Cardiovascular Diseases, Center for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain (A.G., S.R., B.L., M.U.M., J.B., G.S.J., J.D.).,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain (A.G., S.R., B.L., M.U.M., J.B., G.S.J., J.D.).,CIBERCV, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain (A.G., S.R., B.L., M.U.M., J.B., G.S.J., A.B.-G., J.D.)
| | - Gorka San José
- From the Program of Cardiovascular Diseases, Center for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain (A.G., S.R., B.L., M.U.M., J.B., G.S.J., J.D.).,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain (A.G., S.R., B.L., M.U.M., J.B., G.S.J., J.D.).,CIBERCV, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain (A.G., S.R., B.L., M.U.M., J.B., G.S.J., A.B.-G., J.D.)
| | - Ramón Querejeta
- Division of Cardiology, Donostia University Hospital, University of the Basque Country, San Sebastián, Spain (R.Q.)
| | - Antoni Bayés-Genís
- CIBERCV, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain (A.G., S.R., B.L., M.U.M., J.B., G.S.J., A.B.-G., J.D.).,Heart Failure Unit and Cardiology Service, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain (A.B.-G.).,Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain (A.B.-G.)
| | - Javier Díez
- From the Program of Cardiovascular Diseases, Center for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain (A.G., S.R., B.L., M.U.M., J.B., G.S.J., J.D.).,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain (A.G., S.R., B.L., M.U.M., J.B., G.S.J., J.D.).,CIBERCV, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain (A.G., S.R., B.L., M.U.M., J.B., G.S.J., A.B.-G., J.D.).,Department of Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery (J.D.).,Department of Nephrology (J.D.), University of Navarra Clinic, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
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Li C, Li J, Xue K, Zhang J, Wang C, Zhang Q, Chen X, Gao C, Yu X, Sun L. MicroRNA-143-3p promotes human cardiac fibrosis via targeting sprouty3 after myocardial infarction. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2019; 129:281-292. [PMID: 30878395 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2019.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 02/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) is one of the most catastrophic diseases threatening human health in the world. Because cardiomyocytes have a minuscule regenerative potential, the natural repair of infarct healing after MI shows fibrotic scar. MicroRNA-143-3p (miR-143-3p) plays a critical regulatory role in various pathophysiological processes in the heart. Sprouty3 (SPRY3) is predicted to be a potential fibrosis-associated target gene of miR-143-3p. The aim was to explore the role and mechanism of miR-143-3p in the infarct healing after MI in vivo and in vitro. Myocardial samples were obtained during autopsy from 12 human patients with or without MI. An increase in miR-143-3p mRNA levels was detected in the infarct zone of human MI samples. Moreover, silencing expression of miR-143-3p by antagomir-143-3p alleviated fibrotic scar in MI model of mice. To assess the mechanism by which miR-143-3p may function in fibrosis, human cardiac fibroblasts (HCFs) were transfected with miR-143-3p mimics and inhibitors. MiR-143-3p overexpression promoted HCFs proliferation, migration, transformation, and extracellular matrix (ECM) excessive accumulation. Additionally, miR-143-3p inhibitors reversed the fibrosis effect of HCFs treated with transforming growth β1 (TGFβ1) in vitro. Importantly, a luciferase reporter assay demonstrated that miR-143-3p could directly bind to the 3'-untranslational region (3'-UTR) of SPRY3 mRNA. Lastly, HCFs transfected with SPRY3 siRNA (si-SPRY3) enhanced the activation of the P38, ERK, and JNK pathways in the process of fibrosis. MiR-143-3p promoted fibrosis along with SPRY3 degradation and the activation of its downstream P38, ERK, and JNK pathways. Our results may contribute to improve the quality of life in MI patients by interfering with the role of miR-143-3p in MI area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Li
- Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Ke Xue
- Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Cong Wang
- Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Qingqing Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xianlu Chen
- Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Chuanzhou Gao
- Department of electron microscope, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xiao Yu
- Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, Liaoning Province, China.
| | - Lei Sun
- Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, Liaoning Province, China.
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Ruocco G, Evangelista I, Franci B, Lucani B, Martini S, Nuti R, Palazzuoli A. Combination of ST2 and B-type natriuretic peptide in diabetic patients with acute heart failure. J Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown) 2019; 20:81-90. [DOI: 10.2459/jcm.0000000000000741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Blackman AO, Sobral Neto J, Lima ML, Rodrigues TMA, Gomes OM. Assessment and clinical relevance of the dynamic parameters of ventricular repolarization in patients with grade I left ventricular diastolic dysfunction 1. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2019; 97:577-580. [PMID: 30676775 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2018-0507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Imbalance in ventricular repolarization parameters are related to increased risk of severe arrhythmia and sudden cardiac death. There is limited research regarding markers to detect patients at risk in this early stage. We aimed to assess the influence of grade I left ventricular diastolic dysfunction on repolarization parameters in asymptomatic patients. Ambulatory patients with grade I left ventricular diastolic dysfunction were studied and compared with a control group. We assessed the QT dispersion circadian variation, heart rate variability in the time and frequency domains, and dynamics of QT using a 12-lead Holter. In the diastolic dysfunction group, 8 (30%) patients had QT dispersion > 80 ms. One (3.8%) patient presented premature ventricular complex > 10/h. The comparison between the 2 groups showed that the difference between the standard deviation of normal-to-normal intervals and low frequency power in both groups was statistically significant. We therefore conclude that increased parameters of ventricular repolarization and depressed heart rate variability reflect an imbalance in autonomic responses in patients with grade I left ventricular diastolic dysfunction without cardiovascular symptoms, enabling the identification of patients that are at a higher risk for cardiovascular events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoinette Oliveira Blackman
- a Instituto Cardiovascular São Francisco de Assis - Hospital Servcor, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.,b Centro de Avaliação Cardiológica de Brasília - Centrocard, Brasília, DF, Brazil.,c Faculdade de Medicina, Uniceub, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - José Sobral Neto
- b Centro de Avaliação Cardiológica de Brasília - Centrocard, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Melchior Luiz Lima
- a Instituto Cardiovascular São Francisco de Assis - Hospital Servcor, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Otoni Moreira Gomes
- a Instituto Cardiovascular São Francisco de Assis - Hospital Servcor, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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Vilahur G, Casaní L, Peña E, Crespo J, Juan-Babot O, Ben-Aicha S, Mendieta G, Béjar MT, Borrell M, Badimon L. Silybum marianum provides cardioprotection and limits adverse remodeling post-myocardial infarction by mitigating oxidative stress and reactive fibrosis. Int J Cardiol 2018; 270:28-35. [PMID: 29936043 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2018.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Milk thistle (Silybum marianum; SM) is an herb commonly used for hepatoprotection with antioxidant and antifibrotic properties. We investigated in pigs the cardiac effects of SM intake during the acute phase of myocardial infarction (MI) and remodeling period post-MI. METHODS Study-1 tested the effect of SM use on the acute phase of MI. Hence, animals were distributed to a control group or to receive SM prior infarction (1.5 h ischemia). Animals were sacrificed after 2.5 h of reperfusion. Study-2 tested the effect of SM use in the cardiac remodeling phase. Accordingly, animals received for 10 d diet ± SM prior MI and followed the same regime for 3 weeks and then sacrificed. Study-3 tested the effect of SM in a non-infarcted heart; therefore, animals received for 10 d diet ± SM and then sacrificed. RESULTS Animals taking SM before MI showed a reduction in cardiac damage (decreased oxidative damage, ROS production and xanthine oxidase levels; preserved mitochondrial function; and increased myocardial salvage; p < 0.05) versus controls. Animals that remained on chronic SM intake post-MI improved left ventricular remodeling. This was associated with the attenuation of the TGFß1/TßRs/SMAD2/3 signaling, lower myofibroblast transdifferentiation and collagen content in the border zone (p < 0.05 vs. all other groups). Cardiac contractility improved in animals taking SM (p < 0.05 vs. post-MI-control). No changes in cardiac function or fibrosis were detected in animals on SM but without MI. CONCLUSION Intake of SM protects the heart against the deleterious effects of an MI and favors cardiac healing. These benefits may be attributed to the antioxidant and antifibrotic properties of SM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Vilahur
- Cardiovascular Program - ICCC - IR Hospital Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; CIBERCV, Instituto Salud Carlos III, Spain
| | - Laura Casaní
- Cardiovascular Program - ICCC - IR Hospital Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; CIBERCV, Instituto Salud Carlos III, Spain
| | - Esther Peña
- Cardiovascular Program - ICCC - IR Hospital Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; CIBERCV, Instituto Salud Carlos III, Spain
| | - Javier Crespo
- Cardiovascular Program - ICCC - IR Hospital Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Oriol Juan-Babot
- Cardiovascular Program - ICCC - IR Hospital Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Soumaya Ben-Aicha
- Cardiovascular Program - ICCC - IR Hospital Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Guiomar Mendieta
- Cardiovascular Program - ICCC - IR Hospital Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Teresa Béjar
- Cardiovascular Program - ICCC - IR Hospital Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - María Borrell
- Cardiovascular Program - ICCC - IR Hospital Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; CIBERCV, Instituto Salud Carlos III, Spain
| | - Lina Badimon
- Cardiovascular Program - ICCC - IR Hospital Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; CIBERCV, Instituto Salud Carlos III, Spain; Cardiovascular Research Chair UAB, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Spain.
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Aboumsallem JP, Mishra M, Amin R, Muthuramu I, Kempen H, De Geest B. Successful treatment of established heart failure in mice with recombinant HDL (Milano). Br J Pharmacol 2018; 175:4167-4182. [PMID: 30079544 PMCID: PMC6177616 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The pleiotropic properties of HDL may exert beneficial effects on the myocardium. The effect of recombinant HDLMilano on established heart failure was evaluated in C57BL/6 mice. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Mice were subjected to transverse aortic constriction (TAC) or sham operation at the age of 14 weeks. Eight weeks later, TAC and sham mice were each randomized into three different groups. Reference groups were killed at day 56 after the operation for baseline analysis. Five i.p. injections of recombinant HDLMilano (MDCO-216), 100 mg·kg-1 , or an equivalent volume of control buffer were administered with a 48 h interval starting at day 56. Endpoint analyses in the control buffer groups and in the MDCO-216 groups were executed at day 65. KEY RESULTS Lung weight in MDCO-216 TAC mice was 25.3% lower than in reference TAC mice and 27.9% lower than in control buffer TAC mice and was similar in MDCO-216 sham mice. MDCO-216 significantly decreased interstitial fibrosis and increased relative vascularity compared to reference TAC mice and control buffer TAC mice. The peak rate of isovolumetric relaxation in MDCO-216 TAC mice was 30.4 and 36.3% higher than in reference TAC mice and control buffer TAC mice respectively. Nitro-oxidative stress and myocardial apoptosis were significantly reduced in MDCO-216 TAC mice compared to control buffer TAC mice. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS MDCO-216 improves diastolic function, induces regression of interstitial fibrosis and normalizes lung weight in mice with established heart failure. Recombinant HDL may emerge as a treatment modality in heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Pierre Aboumsallem
- Centre for Molecular and Vascular Biology, Department of Cardiovascular SciencesCatholic University of LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Mudit Mishra
- Centre for Molecular and Vascular Biology, Department of Cardiovascular SciencesCatholic University of LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Ruhul Amin
- Centre for Molecular and Vascular Biology, Department of Cardiovascular SciencesCatholic University of LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Ilayaraja Muthuramu
- Centre for Molecular and Vascular Biology, Department of Cardiovascular SciencesCatholic University of LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Herman Kempen
- The Medicines Company (Schweiz) GmbHZürichSwitzerland
| | - Bart De Geest
- Centre for Molecular and Vascular Biology, Department of Cardiovascular SciencesCatholic University of LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
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Daghistani HM, Rajab BS, Kitmitto A. Three-dimensional electron microscopy techniques for unravelling mitochondrial dysfunction in heart failure and identification of new pharmacological targets. Br J Pharmacol 2018; 176:4340-4359. [PMID: 30225980 PMCID: PMC6887664 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A hallmark of heart failure is mitochondrial dysfunction leading to a bioenergetics imbalance in the myocardium. Consequently, there is much interest in targeting mitochondrial abnormalities to attenuate the pathogenesis of heart failure. This review discusses (i) how electron microscopy (EM) techniques have been fundamental for the current understanding of mitochondrial structure–function, (ii) the paradigm shift in resolutions now achievable by 3‐D EM techniques due to the introduction of direct detection devices and phase plate technology, and (iii) the application of EM for unravelling mitochondrial pathological remodelling in heart failure. We further consider the tremendous potential of multi‐scale EM techniques for the development of therapeutics, structure‐based ligand design and for delineating how a drug elicits nanostructural effects at the molecular, organelle and cellular levels. In conclusion, 3‐D EM techniques have entered a new era of structural biology and are poised to play a pivotal role in discovering new therapies targeting mitochondria for treating heart failure. Linked Articles This article is part of a themed section on Mitochondrial Pharmacology: Featured Mechanisms and Approaches for Therapy Translation. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v176.22/issuetoc
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussam M Daghistani
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Bodour S Rajab
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Ashraf Kitmitto
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
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Lavin B, Protti A, Lorrio S, Dong X, Phinikaridou A, Botnar RM, Shah A. MRI with gadofosveset: A potential marker for permeability in myocardial infarction. Atherosclerosis 2018; 275:400-408. [PMID: 29735362 PMCID: PMC6100880 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2018.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2017] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Acute ischemia is associated with myocardial endothelial damage and microvessel formation, resulting in leakage of plasma albumin into the myocardial extravascular space. In this study, we tested whether an albumin-binding intravascular contrast agent (gadofosveset) allows for improved quantification of myocardial permeability compared to the conventional extracellular contrast agent Gd-DTPA using late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) and T1 mapping in vivo. METHODS MI was induced in C57BL/6 mice (n = 6) and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) was performed at 3, 10 and 21 days post-MI using Gd-DTPA and 24 h later using gadofosveset. Functional, LGE and T1 mapping protocols were performed 45 min post-injection of the contrast agent. RESULTS LGE images showed that both contrast agents provided similar measurements of infarct area at all time points following MI. Importantly, the myocardial R1 measurements after administration of gadofosveset were higher in the acute phase-day 3 (R1 [s-1] = 6.29 ± 0.29) compared to the maturation phase-days 10 and 21 (R1 [s-1] = 4.76 ± 0.30 and 4.48 ± 0.14), suggesting that the uptake of this agent could be used to stage myocardial remodeling. No differences in myocardial R1 were observed after administration of Gd-DTPA at different time points post-MI (R1 [s-1] = 3d: 3.77 ± 0.37; 10d: 2.74 ± 0.06; 21d: 3.35 ± 0.26). The MRI results were validated by ex vivo histology that showed albumin leakage in the myocardium in the acute phase and microvessel formation at later stages. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate the merits of an albumin-binding contrast agent for monitoring changes in myocardial permeability between acute ischemia and chronic post-MI myocardial remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Begoña Lavin
- School of Biomedical Engineering Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK; The British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, Cardiovascular Division, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Andrea Protti
- School of Biomedical Engineering Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK; The British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, Cardiovascular Division, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Cardiovascular Division, James Black Centre, King's College Hospital Denmark Hill London, London, SE5 9NU, United Kingdom
| | - Silvia Lorrio
- School of Biomedical Engineering Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK; The British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, Cardiovascular Division, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Xuebin Dong
- Cardiovascular Division, James Black Centre, King's College Hospital Denmark Hill London, London, SE5 9NU, United Kingdom
| | - Alkystis Phinikaridou
- School of Biomedical Engineering Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK; The British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, Cardiovascular Division, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - René M Botnar
- School of Biomedical Engineering Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK; The British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, Cardiovascular Division, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Escuela de Ingeniería, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ajay Shah
- The British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, Cardiovascular Division, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Cardiovascular Division, James Black Centre, King's College Hospital Denmark Hill London, London, SE5 9NU, United Kingdom
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Haskins RM, Nguyen AT, Alencar GF, Billaud M, Kelly-Goss MR, Good ME, Bottermann K, Klibanov AL, French BA, Harris TE, Peirce SM, Isakson BE, Owens GK. Klf4 has an unexpected protective role in perivascular cells within the microvasculature. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2018; 315:H402-H414. [PMID: 29631369 PMCID: PMC6139624 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00084.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Recent smooth muscle cell (SMC) lineage-tracing studies have revealed that SMCs undergo remarkable changes in phenotype during development of atherosclerosis. Of major interest, we demonstrated that Kruppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) in SMCs is detrimental for overall lesion pathogenesis, in that SMC-specific conditional knockout of the KLF4 gene ( Klf4) resulted in smaller, more-stable lesions that exhibited marked reductions in the numbers of SMC-derived macrophage- and mesenchymal stem cell-like cells. However, since the clinical consequences of atherosclerosis typically occur well after our reproductive years, we sought to identify beneficial KLF4-dependent SMC functions that were likely to be evolutionarily conserved. We tested the hypothesis that KLF4-dependent SMC transitions play an important role in the tissue injury-repair process. Using SMC-specific lineage-tracing mice positive and negative for simultaneous SMC-specific conditional knockout of Klf4, we demonstrate that SMCs in the remodeling heart after ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) express KLF4 and transition to a KLF4-dependent macrophage-like state and a KLF4-independent myofibroblast-like state. Moreover, heart failure after IRI was exacerbated in SMC Klf4 knockout mice. Surprisingly, we observed a significant cardiac dilation in SMC Klf4 knockout mice before IRI as well as a reduction in peripheral resistance. KLF4 chromatin immunoprecipitation-sequencing analysis on mesenteric vascular beds identified potential baseline SMC KLF4 target genes in numerous pathways, including PDGF and FGF. Moreover, microvascular tissue beds in SMC Klf4 knockout mice had gaps in lineage-traced SMC coverage along the resistance arteries and exhibited increased permeability. Together, these results provide novel evidence that Klf4 has a critical maintenance role within microvascular SMCs: it is required for normal SMC function and coverage of resistance arteries. NEW & NOTEWORTHY We report novel evidence that the Kruppel-like factor 4 gene ( Klf4) has a critical maintenance role within microvascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). SMC-specific Klf4 knockout at baseline resulted in a loss of lineage-traced SMC coverage of resistance arteries, dilation of resistance arteries, increased blood flow, and cardiac dilation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan M Haskins
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia , Charlottesville, Virginia
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia , Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Anh T Nguyen
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia , Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Gabriel F Alencar
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia , Charlottesville, Virginia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia , Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Marie Billaud
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia , Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Molly R Kelly-Goss
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia , Charlottesville, Virginia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia , Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Miranda E Good
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia , Charlottesville, Virginia
| | | | - Alexander L Klibanov
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia , Charlottesville, Virginia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia , Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Brent A French
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia , Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Thurl E Harris
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia , Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Shayn M Peirce
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia , Charlottesville, Virginia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia , Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Brant E Isakson
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia , Charlottesville, Virginia
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia , Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Gary K Owens
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia , Charlottesville, Virginia
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia , Charlottesville, Virginia
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Rajagopal V, Bass G, Ghosh S, Hunt H, Walker C, Hanssen E, Crampin E, Soeller C. Creating a Structurally Realistic Finite Element Geometric Model of a Cardiomyocyte to Study the Role of Cellular Architecture in Cardiomyocyte Systems Biology. J Vis Exp 2018. [PMID: 29733314 DOI: 10.3791/56817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
With the advent of three-dimensional (3D) imaging technologies such as electron tomography, serial-block-face scanning electron microscopy and confocal microscopy, the scientific community has unprecedented access to large datasets at sub-micrometer resolution that characterize the architectural remodeling that accompanies changes in cardiomyocyte function in health and disease. However, these datasets have been under-utilized for investigating the role of cellular architecture remodeling in cardiomyocyte function. The purpose of this protocol is to outline how to create an accurate finite element model of a cardiomyocyte using high resolution electron microscopy and confocal microscopy images. A detailed and accurate model of cellular architecture has significant potential to provide new insights into cardiomyocyte biology, more than experiments alone can garner. The power of this method lies in its ability to computationally fuse information from two disparate imaging modalities of cardiomyocyte ultrastructure to develop one unified and detailed model of the cardiomyocyte. This protocol outlines steps to integrate electron tomography and confocal microscopy images of adult male Wistar (name for a specific breed of albino rat) rat cardiomyocytes to develop a half-sarcomere finite element model of the cardiomyocyte. The procedure generates a 3D finite element model that contains an accurate, high-resolution depiction (on the order of ~35 nm) of the distribution of mitochondria, myofibrils and ryanodine receptor clusters that release the necessary calcium for cardiomyocyte contraction from the sarcoplasmic reticular network (SR) into the myofibril and cytosolic compartment. The model generated here as an illustration does not incorporate details of the transverse-tubule architecture or the sarcoplasmic reticular network and is therefore a minimal model of the cardiomyocyte. Nevertheless, the model can already be applied in simulation-based investigations into the role of cell structure in calcium signaling and mitochondrial bioenergetics, which is illustrated and discussed using two case studies that are presented following the detailed protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Rajagopal
- Cell Structure and Mechanobiology Group, University of Melbourne; Systems Biology Laboratory, Melbourne School of Engineering, University of Melbourne; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Melbourne;
| | - Gregory Bass
- Systems Biology Laboratory, Melbourne School of Engineering, University of Melbourne; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Melbourne
| | - Shouryadipta Ghosh
- Cell Structure and Mechanobiology Group, University of Melbourne; Systems Biology Laboratory, Melbourne School of Engineering, University of Melbourne; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Melbourne
| | - Hilary Hunt
- Systems Biology Laboratory, Melbourne School of Engineering, University of Melbourne; School of Mathematics and Statistics, Faculty of Science, University of Melbourne
| | - Cameron Walker
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Auckland
| | - Eric Hanssen
- Advanced Microscopy Facility, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne
| | - Edmund Crampin
- Systems Biology Laboratory, Melbourne School of Engineering, University of Melbourne; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Melbourne; School of Mathematics and Statistics, Faculty of Science, University of Melbourne; ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, University of Melbourne; School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne
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Abstract
T-cell infiltration and the subsequent increased intracardial chronic inflammation play crucial roles in the development of cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure (HF). A77 1726, the active metabolite of leflunomide, has been reported to have powerful anti-inflammatory and T cell-inhibiting properties. However, the effect of A77 1726 on cardiac hypertrophy remains completely unknown. Herein, we found that A77 1726 treatment attenuated pressure overload or angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced cardiac hypertrophy in vivo, as well as agonist-induced hypertrophic response of cardiomyocytes in vitro In addition, we showed that A77 1726 administration prevented induction of cardiac fibrosis by inhibiting cardiac fibroblast (CF) transformation into myofibroblast. Surprisingly, we found that the protective effect of A77 1726 was not dependent on its T lymphocyte-inhibiting property. A77 1726 suppressed the activation of protein kinase B (AKT) signaling pathway, and overexpression of constitutively active AKT completely abolished A77 1726-mediated cardioprotective effects in vivo and in vitro Pretreatment with siRNA targetting Fyn (si Fyn) blunted the protective effect elicited by A77 1726 in vitro More importantly, A77 1726 was capable of blocking pre-established cardiac hypertrophy in mice. In conclusion, A77 1726 attenuated cardiac hypertrophy and cardiac fibrosis via inhibiting FYN/AKT signaling pathway.
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