1
|
Di Salvo E, Casciaro M, Giorgianni CM, Cicero N, Gangemi S. Age-Related Diseases and Foods Generating Chlorinative Stress. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12020249. [PMID: 36829808 PMCID: PMC9952263 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aging is a slow and inexorable process affecting all life beings and is characterised by age-related worsening in adaptation to external changes. Several factors contribute to such a process, and oxidative stress due to external damages is one key player. Of particular interest is the oxidative stress generated from halogen compounds such as chloride. Hypochlorus acid is produced starting from MPO's interaction with hydrogen peroxide. We focused on the oxidation of tyrosine residues by HOCl, which leads as a result to the formation of 3-chlorotyrosine (3-ClTyr). This molecule, due to its stability, is considered a marker for MPO activity. RESULTS We collected data from literature research articles evaluating chlorinative stress and the effects of 3-ClTyr on chronic diseases linked to aging. As diseases are not the only source of 3-ClTyr in people, we also focused on other origins of chlorinative stress, such as food intake. DISCUSSION Oxidation and halogenation are caused by infectious diseases and by pathologies characterised by inflammation. Moreover, diet could negatively or positively influence chlorinative stress. Comparing 3-ClTyr levels in the oldest and youngest old with age-related diseases and comparing data between different geographic areas with different pesticide rules could be the next challenge.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Di Salvo
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Marco Casciaro
- School and Unit of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0902212013
| | - Concetto Mario Giorgianni
- Department of Biomedical, Dental and Morphological and Functional Imaging, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Nicola Cicero
- Department of Biomedical, Dental and Morphological and Functional Imaging, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
- Science4life srl, Spin off Company, University of Messina, 98100 Messina, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Gangemi
- School and Unit of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Asano K, Ueki S, Tamari M, Imoto Y, Fujieda S, Taniguchi M. Adult-onset eosinophilic airway diseases. Allergy 2020; 75:3087-3099. [PMID: 33040364 DOI: 10.1111/all.14620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Eosinophilic airway inflammation is one of the cardinal features of allergic airway diseases such as atopic asthma and allergic rhinitis. These childhood-onset conditions are mediated by allergen and allergen-specific IgE and often accompanied by other allergic diseases including food allergy and eczema. They can develop consecutively in the same patient, which is referred to as an allergic march. In contrast, some phenotypes of asthma, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs-exacerbated airway disease (N-ERD), chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP)/eosinophilic CRS and allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis/mycosis (ABPA/ABPM) are adult-onset airway diseases, which are characterized by prominent peripheral blood eosinophilia. Most of these conditions, except for ABPA/ABPM, are nonatopic, and the coexistence of multiple diseases, including an adult-onset eosinophilic systemic disease, eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA), is common. In this review, we focus on eosinophil biology, genetics and clinical characteristics and the pathophysiology of adult-onset eosinophilic asthma, N-ERD, CRSwNP/eosinophilic CRS, ABPA/ABPM and EGPA, while exploring the common genetic, immunological and pathological conditions among these adult-onset eosinophilic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Koichiro Asano
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine Department of Medicine Tokai University School of Medicine Kanagawa Japan
| | - Shigeharu Ueki
- Department of General Internal Medicine and Clinical Laboratory Medicine Akita University Graduate School of Medicine Akita Japan
| | - Mayumi Tamari
- Division of Molecular Genetics Research Center for Medical Science The Jikei University School of Medicine Tokyo Japan
| | - Yoshimasa Imoto
- Division of Otorhinolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery Department of Sensory and Locomotor Medicine Faculty of Medical Science University of Fukui Fukui Japan
| | - Shigeharu Fujieda
- Division of Otorhinolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery Department of Sensory and Locomotor Medicine Faculty of Medical Science University of Fukui Fukui Japan
| | - Masami Taniguchi
- Center for Allergy and Immunology Shonan Kamakura General Hospital Kanagawa Japan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Choi PM, Bowes DA, O'Brien JW, Li J, Halden RU, Jiang G, Thomas KV, Mueller JF. Do food and stress biomarkers work for wastewater-based epidemiology? A critical evaluation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 736:139654. [PMID: 32497888 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Dietary characteristics and oxidative stress are closely linked to the wellbeing of individuals. In recent years, various urinary biomarkers of food and oxidative stress have been proposed for use in wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE), in efforts to objectively monitor the food consumed and the oxidative stress experienced by individuals in a wastewater catchment. However, it is not clear whether such biomarkers are suitable for wastewater-based epidemiology. This study presents a suite of 30 urinary food and oxidative stress biomarkers and evaluates their applicability for WBE studies. This includes 22 biomarkers which were not previously considered for WBE studies. Daily per capita loads of biomarkers were measured from 57 wastewater influent samples from nine Australian catchments. Stability of biomarkers were assessed using laboratory scale sewer reactors. Biomarkers of consumption of vitamin B2, vitamin B3 and fibre, as well as a component of citrus had per capita loads in line with reported literature values despite susceptibility of degradation in sewer reactors. Consumption biomarkers of red meat, fish, fruit, other vitamins and biomarkers of stress had per capita values inconsistent with literature findings, and/or degraded rapidly in sewer reactors, indicating that they are unsuitable for use as WBE biomarkers in the traditional quantitative sense. This study serves to communicate the suitability of food and oxidative stress biomarkers for future WBE research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P M Choi
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, Australia.
| | - D A Bowes
- Biodesign Center for Environmental Health Engineering, Arizona State University, United States of America; OneWaterOneHealth, Arizona State University Foundation, United States of America
| | - J W O'Brien
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, Australia
| | - J Li
- Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, Australia
| | - R U Halden
- Biodesign Center for Environmental Health Engineering, Arizona State University, United States of America; OneWaterOneHealth, Arizona State University Foundation, United States of America
| | - G Jiang
- Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, Australia; School of Civil, Mining and Environmental Engineering, University of Wollongong, Australia
| | - K V Thomas
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, Australia
| | - J F Mueller
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Sabir M, Tan YY, Aris A, Mani AR. The role of endogenous bromotyrosine in health and disease. Free Radic Res 2019; 53:1019-1034. [PMID: 31530194 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2019.1668560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Bromotyrosine is a stable by-product of eosinophil peroxidase activity, a result of eosinophil activation during an inflammatory immune response. The elevated presence of bromotyrosine in tissue, blood, and urine in medical conditions involving eosinophil activation has highlighted the potential role of bromotyrosine as a medical biomarker. This is highly beneficial in a paediatric setting as a urinary noninvasive biomarker. However, bromotyrosine and its derivatives may exert biological effects, such as protective effects in the brain and pathogenic effects in the thyroid. Understanding these pathways may yield therapeutic advancements in medicine. In this review, we summarize the existing evidence present in literature relating to bromotyrosine formation and metabolism, identify the biological actions of bromotyrosine and evaluate the feasibility of bromotyrosine as a medical biomarker.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariam Sabir
- UCL Division of Medicine, Royal Free Campus, University College London , London , UK
| | - Yen Yi Tan
- UCL Division of Medicine, Royal Free Campus, University College London , London , UK
| | - Aleena Aris
- UCL Division of Medicine, Royal Free Campus, University College London , London , UK
| | - Ali R Mani
- UCL Division of Medicine, Royal Free Campus, University College London , London , UK
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Vakhrusheva TV, Grigorieva DV, Gorudko IV, Sokolov AV, Kostevich VA, Lazarev VN, Vasilyev VB, Cherenkevich SN, Panasenko OM. Enzymatic and bactericidal activity of myeloperoxidase in conditions of halogenative stress. Biochem Cell Biol 2018; 96:580-591. [DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2017-0292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Myeloperoxidase (MPO), found mainly in neutrophils, is released in inflammation. MPO produces reactive halogen species (RHS), which are bactericidal agents. However, RHS overproduction, i.e., halogenative stress, can also damage host biomolecules, and MPO itself may be targeted by RHS. Therefore, we examined the susceptibility of MPO to inactivation by its primary products (HOCl, HOBr, HOSCN) and secondary products such as taurine monochloramine (TauCl) and taurine monobromamine (TauBr). MPO was dose-dependently inhibited up to complete inactivity by treatment with HOCl or HOBr. TauBr diminished the activity but did not eliminate it. TauCl had no effect. MPO became inactivated when producing HOCl or HOBr but not HOSCN. Taurine protected MPO against inactivation when MPO was catalyzing oxidation of Cl− to HOCl, whereas taurine failed to prevent inactivation when MPO was working with Br−, either alone or in combination with Cl−. SCN− interfered with HOCl-mediated MPO inhibition. UV–vis spectra showed that heme degradation is involved in HOCl- and HOBr-mediated MPO inactivation. A negative linear correlation between the remaining chlorinating activity of HOCl- or HOBr-modified MPO and Escherichia coli survival upon incubation with MPO/H2O2/Cl− was found. This study elucidated the possibility of MPO downregulation by MPO-derived RHS, which could counteract halogenative stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tatyana V. Vakhrusheva
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine, Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | - Alexey V. Sokolov
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine, Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, St. Petersburg, Russia
- Saint Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
- Centre of Preclinical Translational Research, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Valeria A. Kostevich
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine, Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Vassili N. Lazarev
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine, Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vadim B. Vasilyev
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, St. Petersburg, Russia
- Saint Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | | | - Oleg M. Panasenko
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine, Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Groh M, Dunogué B, Guillevin L. Pharmacological approach to treating eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Churg–Strauss). Expert Opin Orphan Drugs 2015. [DOI: 10.1517/21678707.2015.1025748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
|
7
|
Sokolov AV, Kostevich VA, Zakharova ET, Samygina VR, Panasenko OM, Vasilyev VB. Interaction of ceruloplasmin with eosinophil peroxidase as compared to its interplay with myeloperoxidase: Reciprocal effect on enzymatic properties. Free Radic Res 2015; 49:800-11. [DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2015.1005615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|
8
|
Jones LH, Narayanan A, Hett EC. Understanding and applying tyrosine biochemical diversity. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2014; 10:952-69. [PMID: 24623162 DOI: 10.1039/c4mb00018h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This review highlights some of the recent advances made in our understanding of the diversity of tyrosine biochemistry and shows how this has inspired novel applications in numerous areas of molecular design and synthesis, including chemical biology and bioconjugation. The pathophysiological implications of tyrosine biochemistry will be presented from a molecular perspective and the opportunities for therapeutic intervention explored.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lyn H Jones
- Pfizer R&D, Chemical Biology Group, BioTherapeutics Chemistry, WorldWide Medicinal Chemistry, 200 Cambridge Park Drive, Cambridge, MA 02140, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Misztal T, Rusak T, Tomasiak M. Clinically relevant HOCl concentrations reduce clot retraction rate via the inhibition of energy production in platelet mitochondria. Free Radic Res 2014; 48:1443-53. [DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2014.960866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
10
|
Panasenko OM, Gorudko IV, Sokolov AV. Hypochlorous acid as a precursor of free radicals in living systems. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2014; 78:1466-89. [PMID: 24490735 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297913130075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Hypochlorous acid (HOCl) is produced in the human body by the family of mammalian heme peroxidases, mainly by myeloperoxidase, which is secreted by neutrophils and monocytes at sites of inflammation. This review discusses the reactions that occur between HOCl and the major classes of biologically important molecules (amino acids, proteins, nucleotides, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, lipids, and inorganic substances) to form free radicals. The generation of such free radical intermediates by HOCl and other reactive halogen species is accompanied by the development of halogenative stress, which causes a number of socially important diseases, such as cardiovascular, neurodegenerative, infectious, and other diseases usually associated with inflammatory response and characterized by the appearance of biomarkers of myeloperoxidase and halogenative stress. Investigations aimed at elucidating the mechanisms regulating the activity of enzyme systems that are responsible for the production of reactive halogen species are a crucial step in opening possibilities for control of the development of the body's inflammatory response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- O M Panasenko
- Research Institute of Physico-Chemical Medicine, Moscow, 119435, Russia.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Higashi N, Taniguchi M, Mita H, Yamaguchi H, Ono E, Akiyama K. Aspirin-intolerant asthma (AIA) assessment using the urinary biomarkers, leukotriene E4 (LTE4) and prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) metabolites. Allergol Int 2012; 61:393-403. [PMID: 22627848 DOI: 10.2332/allergolint.11-ra-0403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2011] [Accepted: 02/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The clinical syndrome of aspirin-intolerant asthma (AIA) is characterized by aspirin/nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug intolerance, bronchial asthma, and chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis. AIA reactions are evidently triggered by pharmacological effect of cyclooxygenase-1 inhibitors. Urine sampling is a non-invasive research tool for time-course measurements in clinical investigations. The urinary stable metabolite concentration of arachidonic acid products provides a time-integrated estimate of the production of the parent compounds in vivo. AIA patients exhibits significantly higher urinary concentrations of leukotriene E(4) (LTE(4)) and 1,15-dioxo-9α-hydroxy-2,3,4,5-tetranorprostan-1,20-dioic acid (tetranor-PGDM), a newly identified metabolite of PGD(2), at baseline. This finding suggests the possibility that increased mast cell activation is involved in the pathophysiology of AIA even in a clinically stable condition. In addition, lower urinary concentrations of primary prostaglandin E(2) and 15-epimer of lipoxin A(4) at baseline in the AIA patients suggest that the impaired anti-inflammatory elements may also contribute to the severe clinical outcome of AIA. During the AIA reaction, the urinary concentrations of LTE(4) and PGD(2) metabolites, including tetranor-PGDM significantly and correlatively increase. It is considered that mast cell activation probably is a pathophysiologic hallmark of AIA. However, despite the fact that cyclooxygenease-1 is the dominant in vivo PGD(2) biosynthetic pathway, the precise mechanism underlying the PGD(2) overproduction resulting from the pharmacological effect of cyclooxygenease-1 inhibitors in AIA remains unknown. A comprehensive analysis of the urinary concentration of inflammatory mediators may afford a new research target in elucidating the pathophysiology of AIA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noritaka Higashi
- Clinical Research Center for Allergy and Rheumatology, National Hospital Organization, Sagamihara National Hospital, 18−1 Sakuradai, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan. n−higashi@sagamihara−hosp.gr.jp
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Szczeklik W, Sanak M, Mastalerz L, Sokołowska BM, Gielicz A, Soja J, Kumik J, Musiał J, Szczeklik A. 12-hydroxy-eicosatetraenoic acid (12-HETE): a biomarker of Churg-Strauss syndrome. Clin Exp Allergy 2012; 42:513-22. [PMID: 22417211 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2011.03943.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Churg-Strauss syndrome (CSS) shares similarities with asthma and hypereosinophilic syndrome (HES). Eicosanoids--important inflammatory and signaling molecules--are present in exhaled breath condensate (EBC) and broncho-alveolar lavage fluid (BALF). OBJECTIVES To assess eicosanoid profile both in EBC and BALF of CSS subjects searching for a pattern characteristic of this syndrome. METHODS EBCs from 23 CSS patients, 30 asthmatics, 12 HES patients and 54 healthy controls (HC) were assessed quantitatively for 19 eicosanoids by a high-performance liquid chromatography - tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). In addition, in 21 of 23 CSS subjects and in nine asthmatics, eicosanoids were determined in BALF. RESULTS EBC from CSS patients showed markedly elevated levels of 12-HETE as compared with other studied groups. BALF was characterized by a significant elevation of 12-HETE and its metabolite 12-tetranor HETE in CSS as compared with asthma. Clinical activity of CSS correlated with 12-HETE and its metabolites levels in BALF, but not in EBC. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE CSS is clearly distinguished from bronchial asthma, and HES by a marked increase in 12-HETE concentration in both EBC and BALF. This points to a possible new pathogenic mechanism in CSS and may help in future in establishing the diagnosis of CSS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W Szczeklik
- Department of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, ul. Skawińska 8,Krakow, Poland.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Yasuda S, Yasuda T, Liu MY, Shetty S, Idell S, Boggaram V, Suiko M, Sakakibara Y, Fu J, Liu MC. Sulfation of chlorotyrosine and nitrotyrosine by human lung endothelial and epithelial cells: Role of the human SULT1A3. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2011; 251:104-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2010.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2010] [Revised: 12/07/2010] [Accepted: 12/09/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
14
|
Pulmonary disorders, including vocal cord dysfunction. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2010; 125:S248-54. [PMID: 20176261 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2009.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2009] [Revised: 08/28/2009] [Accepted: 09/02/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The lung is a very complex immunologic organ and responds in a variety of ways to inhaled antigens, organic or inorganic materials, infectious or saprophytic agents, fumes, and irritants. There might be airways obstruction, restriction, neither, or both accompanied by inflammatory destruction of the pulmonary interstitium, alveoli, or bronchioles. This review focuses on diseases organized by their predominant immunologic responses, either innate or acquired. Pulmonary innate immune conditions include transfusion-related acute lung injury, World Trade Center cough, and acute respiratory distress syndrome. Adaptive immunity responses involve the systemic and mucosal immune systems, activated lymphocytes, cytokines, and antibodies that produce CD4(+) T(H)1 phenotypes, such as for tuberculosis or acute forms of hypersensitivity pneumonitis, and CD4(+) T(H)2 phenotypes, such as for asthma, Churg-Strauss syndrome, and allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis.
Collapse
|
15
|
Comhair SAA, Erzurum SC. Redox control of asthma: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic opportunities. Antioxid Redox Signal 2010; 12:93-124. [PMID: 19634987 PMCID: PMC2824520 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2008.2425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
An imbalance in reducing and oxidizing (redox) systems favoring a more oxidative environment is present in asthma and linked to the pathophysiology of the defining symptoms and signs including airflow limitation, hyper-reactivity, and airway remodeling. High levels of hydrogen peroxide, nitric oxide ((*)NO), and 15-F(2t)-isoprostane in exhaled breath, and excessive oxidative protein products in lung epithelial lining fluid, peripheral blood, and urine provide abundant evidence for pathologic oxidizing processes in asthma. Parallel studies document loss of reducing potential by nonenzymatic and enzymatic antioxidants. The essential first line antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutases (SOD) and catalase are reduced in asthma as compared to healthy individuals, with lowest levels in those patients with the most severe asthma. Loss of SOD and catalase activity is related to oxidative modifications of the enzymes, while other antioxidant gene polymorphisms are linked to susceptibility to develop asthma. Monitoring of exhaled (*)NO has entered clinical practice because it is useful to optimize asthma care, and a wide array of other biochemical oxidative and nitrative biomarkers are currently being evaluated for asthma monitoring and phenotyping. Novel therapeutic strategies that target correction of redox abnormalities show promise for the treatment of asthma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suzy A A Comhair
- Pathobiology, Lerner Research Institute, and the Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Gómez-Puerta JA, Bosch X. Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody pathogenesis in small-vessel vasculitis: an update. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2009; 175:1790-8. [PMID: 19815703 DOI: 10.2353/ajpath.2009.090533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Vasculitides associated with serum positivity for anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCAs) that affect small- to medium-sized vessels are commonly known as ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV) and include Wegener's granulomatosis, microscopic polyangiitis, and Churg-Strauss syndrome. Evidence derived from both in vitro studies and recent animal models points to a pathogenic role of ANCAs in AAV. In 2002, the first in vivo breakthrough in the pathogenesis of ANCAs showed that mouse ANCAs against myeloperoxidase (MPO) led to intrinsic pauci-immune renal vasculitis in mice. In 2004, a report using both in vitro and in vivo studies proposed that proteinase 3 (PR3)-directed autoimmunity involved the complementary peptide of PR3 (cPR3), which is encoded by the antisense strand of the PR3 gene. The last breakthrough came in October 2008 with a previously undescribed molecular explanation for the origin and development of injury in pauci-immune renal vasculitis, with potential clinical implications. This report showed that infection by fimbriated bacteria may trigger cross-reactive autoimmunity to a previously characterized ANCA antigen, lysosomal membrane protein-2, which is contained in the same vesicles that harbor MPO and PR3. Infection by fimbriated bacteria resulted in the production of autoantibodies, which activated neutrophils and killed human microvascular endothelium in vitro and caused renal vasculitis in rats. Although the evidence for a pathogenic role of ANCAs, mainly MPO-ANCAs, is striking, various questions remain unanswered. Understanding the key pathogenic mechanisms of AAV may provide a safer, more rational therapeutic approach than the traditional (ie, corticosteroids and immunosuppressants) treatment strategy.
Collapse
|
17
|
Gorudko IV, Tcherkalina OS, Sokolov AV, Pulina MO, Zakharova ET, Vasilyev VB, Cherenkevich SN, Panasenko OM. New approaches to the measurement of the concentration and peroxidase activity of myeloperoxidase in human blood plasma. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2009; 35:629-39. [DOI: 10.1134/s1068162009050057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
18
|
Taniguchi M, Higashi N, Ono E, Mita H, Akiyama K. Hyperleukotrieneuria in patients with allergic and inflammatory disease. Allergol Int 2008; 57:313-20. [PMID: 18946233 DOI: 10.2332/allergolint.08-rai-0040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cysteinyl leukotrienes (CysLTs: leukotrienes C(4), D(4), and E(4)) have long been implicated in the pathogenesis of asthma and several allergic diseases. LTE(4) has been identified as a major metabolite of LTC(4), and urinary LTE(4) (U-LTE(4)) is considered as the most reliable analytic parameter for monitoring the endogenous synthesis of CysLTs. From recent studies on the U-LTE(4) associated with adult stable asthma we identified four factors for hyperleukotrieneuria, namely, aspirin intolerance, eosinophilic nasal polyposis (ENP), vasculitis, and severe asthma. In ENP, there is prominent infiltration of eosinophils in the sinus and polyp tissues, which is linked to adult asthma and aspirin sensitivity, and ENP is the most important factor for the overproduction of CysLTs in asthmatics. We also demonstrated that anaphylaxis and eosinophilic pneumonia (EP) are associated with a marked increase in the U-LTE(4) concentration. Under these disease conditions, U-LTE(4) may be one of the candidate biomarkers. Moreover, the changes in U-LTE(4) concentrations may provide valuable information concerning therapeutic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masami Taniguchi
- Clinical Research Center, National Hospital Organization, Sagamihara National Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Szczeklik W, Mastalerz L, Sokolowska B, Sanak M, Nizankowska-Mogilnicka E. Aspirin tolerance and leukotriene biosynthesis in Churg-Strauss syndrome. Allergy 2008; 63:949-50. [PMID: 18588569 DOI: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2008.01734.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- W Szczeklik
- Department of Medicine, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Taniguchi M, Tsurikisawa N, Higashi N, Saito H, Mita H, Mori A, Sakakibara H, Akiyama K. Treatment for Churg-Strauss syndrome: induction of remission and efficacy of intravenous immunoglobulin therapy. Allergol Int 2007; 56:97-103. [PMID: 17460439 DOI: 10.2332/allergolint.r-07-142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2007] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Churg-Strauss syndrome (CSS) is characterized by the presence of asthma, eosinophilia, and small-vessel vasculitis with granuloma. It is a distinct entity, as determined from all classifications of systemic vasculitis. The poor prognostic factors in CSS are renal insufficiency, cardiomyopathy, severe gastrointestinal (GI) tract, and central nervous systems (CNS) involvement. The initial management of CSS should include a high dose of a corticosteroid: prednisone at 1 mg/kg/day or its equivalent for methylprednisolone with tapering over 6 months. In patients with severe or rapidly progressing CSS, the administration of methylprednisolone pulse at 1 g/body/day for 3 days is recommended. When corticosteroid therapy does not induce remission, or when patients have poor prognostic factors, immunosuppressive cytotoxic therapy is indicated. However, some patients with severe CSS often show resistance to conventional treatment. We think that IVIG therapy is a hopeful candidate for second-line treatment for CSS patients, particularly in the case of neuropathy and/or cardiomyopathy, which are resistant to conventional therapy. However, there is not much evidence supporting the effectiveness of IVIG in CSS, and the mechanisms underlying the action of IVIG remain unclear. Now we are performing clinical trials of IVIG therapy for CSS patients who are resistant to conventional treatment, through a nationwide double-blinded placebo-controlled study in Japan.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masami Taniguchi
- National Hospital Organization, Sagamihara National Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Ptolemy AS, Lee R, Britz-McKibbin P. Strategies for comprehensive analysis of amino acid biomarkers of oxidative stress. Amino Acids 2007; 33:3-18. [PMID: 17514495 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-007-0542-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2007] [Accepted: 03/03/2007] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Despite the wide interest in using modified amino acids as putative biomarkers of oxidative stress, many issues remain as to their overall reliability for early detection and diagnosis of diseases. In contrast to conventional single biomarker studies, comprehensive analysis of biomarkers offers an unbiased strategy for global assessment of modified amino acid metabolism due to reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. This review examines recent analytical techniques amenable for analysis of modified amino acids in biological samples reported during 2003-2007. Particular attention is devoted to the need for validated methods applicable to high-throughput analysis of multiple amino acid biomarkers, as well as consideration of sample pretreatment protocols on artifact formation for improved clinical relevance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A S Ptolemy
- Department of Chemistry, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Guilpain P, Guillevin L, Mouthon L. [New insights into the pathogenesis of ANCA-positive vasculitides]. Presse Med 2007; 36:854-9. [PMID: 17350787 DOI: 10.1016/j.lpm.2007.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2007] [Accepted: 01/24/2007] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies provided new insights into the pathogenesis of vasculitides associated with antineutrophil cytoplasm antibodies (ANCA). They yield more information about the pathogenic role of ANCA, the initiation of the immune response against proteinase 3, the expression of ANCA target antigens on neutrophil surfaces, endothelial damage and the mechanisms of vasculitis associated with propylthiouracil. The pathogenic role of antimyeloperoxidase antibodies has been established in vitro and in vivo in animal models and in human. A pathogenic role for antiproteinase 3 antibodies has not yet been clearly established in vivo although it is well documented in vitro.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Guilpain
- Service de médecine interne, Centre national de références pour les vascularites systémiques et la sclérodermie systémique, Hôpital Cochin, AP-HP, Université Paris V, Paris, France
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Churg-Strauss syndrome is a small-vessel necrotizing vasculitis typically characterized by asthma, lung infiltrates, extravascular necrotizing granulomas and hypereosinophilia. The most recent clinical studies on its pathogenesis and therapeutic management are reviewed here. RECENT FINDINGS French and Italian clinical studies found that the clinical characteristics of patients with Churg-Strauss syndrome differed according to their antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibody status: cardiomyopathy predominated in antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibody-negative patients while necrotizing glomerulonephritis was more often observed in antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibody-positive patients. These histologically documented findings suggest the existence of different Churg-Strauss syndrome subtypes, characterized by the predominance of distinct pathogenetic mechanisms. To date, following the therapeutic recommendations for Churg-Strauss syndrome (i.e. corticosteroids and, when required, immunosuppressants), patient outcomes are good, with 5-year survival exceeding 90%, but often with the need to continue low-dose corticosteroids to control residual asthma. SUMMARY The precise pathogenetic mechanisms of Churg-Strauss syndrome are only partly elucidated. Recent results suggest that antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies are probably more involved in the vasculitic manifestations of Churg-Strauss syndrome (e.g. glomerulonephritis) whereas eosinophil tissue infiltration and associated cytotoxicity would be responsible for cardiomyopathy. If confirmed, these results could support individual therapeutic stratification according to the clinical pattern. Furthermore, some patients may benefit from new biologic therapies under development, for example antiinterleukin-5 or antiimmunoglobulin E monoclonal antibodies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Pagnoux
- Department of Internal Medicine, French Vasculitis Study Group, Centre de Référence Vascularites et Sclérodermies, Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris-Descartes, Paris, France.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Taniguchi M, Higashi N, Isii T, Yamamoto K, Mita H, Akiyama K. Role of cysteinyl-leukotrienes in the pathogenesis of nasal polyposis in patients with asthma. Inflamm Regen 2007. [DOI: 10.2492/inflammregen.27.565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
|
25
|
Mohiuddin I, Chai H, Lin PH, Lumsden AB, Yao Q, Chen C. Nitrotyrosine and Chlorotyrosine: Clinical Significance and Biological Functions in the Vascular System. J Surg Res 2006; 133:143-9. [PMID: 16360172 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2005.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2005] [Revised: 10/06/2005] [Accepted: 10/11/2005] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The heme-containing enzyme myeloperoxidase (MPO) is both present and active in inflammatory conditions. This enzyme is potentiated by its formation of multiple inflammatory mediators. The two most common mediators are the modified tyrosines: nitrotyrosine and 3-chlorotyrosine. Along with other modified tyrosines, these molecules have been found to be elevated in atherosclerosis, lung disease, sepsis, vasculitis, and other inflammatory diseases. By treating some of these diseases, the levels of modified tyrosines have been shown to decrease. There have been a wide range of animal models designed to study the in vivo effects of these tyrosine molecules. In addition, there are also several reports in the literature of the in vitro actions of modified tyrosine molecules demonstrated by various cell-culture models. The purpose of this review is to evaluate the clinical significance and biological functions of these modified tyrosine molecules in atherosclerosis as well as a variety of other inflammatory conditions. It is timely information because of their association with diseases as well as lack of overview of their molecular actions. This review will focus on the formation, clinical significance, and animal and cell-culture models of these important molecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Imran Mohiuddin
- Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy, Molecular Surgeon Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Senthilmohan R, Kettle AJ. Bromination and chlorination reactions of myeloperoxidase at physiological concentrations of bromide and chloride. Arch Biochem Biophys 2006; 445:235-44. [PMID: 16125131 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2005.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2005] [Revised: 07/07/2005] [Accepted: 07/10/2005] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Myeloperoxidase and eosinophil peroxidase use hydrogen peroxide to oxidize halides and thiocyanate to their respective hypohalous acids. Myeloperoxidase produces mainly hypochlorous acid and hypothiocyanite. Hypobromous acid and hypothiocyanite are the major products of eosinophil peroxidase. We have investigated the ability of myeloperoxidase to produce hypobromous acid in the presence of physiological concentrations of chloride and bromide. In accord with previous studies, between pH 5 and 7, myeloperoxidase converted about 90% of available hydrogen peroxide to hypochlorous acid and the remainder to hypobromous acid. Above pH 7, there was an abrupt rise in the yield of hypobromous acid. At pH 7.8, it accounted for 40% of the hydrogen peroxide. Bromide, at physiological concentrations, promoted a dramatic increase in bromination of human serum albumin catalyzed by myeloperoxidase. The level of 3-bromotyrosine increased to 16-fold greater than that for 3-chlorotyrosine. Chlorination of tyrosyl residues was not affected by bromide. With reagent hypohalous acids, bromination of tyrosyl residues was considerably more facile than chlorination. Hypochlorous acid promoted bromination to only a limited extent, which ruled out transhalogenation as a substantive route to 3-bromotyrosine. Chloramines and bromamines were also formed on albumin. Bromamines decayed much faster than chloramines and rapidly gave rise to protein carbonyls. We conclude that at physiological concentrations of chloride and bromide, hypobromous acid can be a major oxidant produced by myeloperoxidase. Its production in vivo will depend on pH and the concentration of bromide. Once produced, hypobromous acid will react with proteins to form bromamines, carbonyls, and brominated tyrosine residues. Consequently, 3-bromotyrosine should be considered as an oxidative product of myeloperoxidase and cannot be used as a specific biomarker for eosinophil peroxidase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Revathy Senthilmohan
- Free Radical Research, Department of Pathology, Christchurch School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Otago, P.O. Box 4345, Christchurch, New Zealand.
| | | |
Collapse
|