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Lu KC, Tsai KW, Hu WC. Role of TGFβ-producing regulatory T cells in scleroderma and end-stage organ failure. Heliyon 2024; 10:e35590. [PMID: 39170360 PMCID: PMC11336735 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e35590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 07/31/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are crucial immune cells that initiate a tolerable immune response. Transforming growth factor-beta (TGFβ) is a key cytokine produced by Tregs and plays a significant role in stimulating tissue fibrosis. Systemic sclerosis, an autoimmune disease characterized by organ fibrosis, is associated with an overrepresentation of regulatory T cells. This review aims to identify Treg-dominant tolerable host immune reactions and discuss their association with scleroderma and end-stage organ failure. End-stage organ failures, including heart failure, liver cirrhosis, uremia, and pulmonary fibrosis, are frequently linked to tissue fibrosis. This suggests that TGFβ-producing Tregs are involved in the pathogenesis of these conditions. However, the exact significance of TGFβ and the mechanisms through which it induces tolerable immune reactions during end-stage organ failure remain unclear. A deeper understanding of these mechanisms could lead to improved preventive and therapeutic strategies for these severe diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-Cheng Lu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital, School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Wang Tsai
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City, 231, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Chung Hu
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City, 231, Taiwan
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City, 231, Taiwan
- Department of Biotechnology, Ming Chuan University, Taoyuan City, 333, Taiwan
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2
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Shafiei-Jahani P, Yan S, Kazemi MH, Li X, Akbari A, Sakano K, Sakano Y, Hurrell BP, Akbari O. CB2 stimulation of adipose resident ILC2s orchestrates immune balance and ameliorates type 2 diabetes mellitus. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114434. [PMID: 38963763 PMCID: PMC11317174 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with low-grade chronic type 2 inflammation and disturbance of glucose homeostasis. Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) play a critical role in maintaining adipose homeostasis via the production of type 2 cytokines. Here, we demonstrate that CB2, a G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) and member of the endocannabinoid system, is expressed on both visceral adipose tissue (VAT)-derived murine and human ILC2s. Moreover, we utilize a combination of ex vivo and in vivo approaches to explore the functional and therapeutic impacts of CB2 engagement on VAT ILC2s in a T2DM model. Our results show that CB2 stimulation of ILC2s protects against insulin-resistance onset, ameliorates glucose tolerance, and reverses established insulin resistance. Our mechanistic studies reveal that the therapeutic effects of CB2 are mediated through activation of the AKT, ERK1/2, and CREB pathways on ILC2s. The results reveal that the CB2 agonist can serve as a candidate for the prevention and treatment of T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedram Shafiei-Jahani
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Shi Yan
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Mohammad H Kazemi
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Amitis Akbari
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Kei Sakano
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Yoshihiro Sakano
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Benjamin P Hurrell
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Omid Akbari
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
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3
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Khokhar M, Purohit P. The emerging role of T helper 9 (Th9) cells in immunopathophysiology: A comprehensive review of their effects and responsiveness in various disease states. Int Rev Immunol 2024:1-20. [PMID: 38864109 DOI: 10.1080/08830185.2024.2364586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Th9 cells, a subset of T-helper cells producing interleukin-9 (IL-9), play a vital role in the adaptive immune response and have diverse effects in different diseases. Regulated by transcription factors like PU.1 and IRF4, and cytokines such as IL-4 and TGF-β, Th9 cells drive tissue inflammation. This review focuses on their emerging role in immunopathophysiology. Th9 cells exhibit immune-mediated cancer cell destruction, showing promise in glioma and cervical cancer treatment. However, their role in breast and lung cancer is intricate, requiring a deeper understanding of pro- and anti-tumor aspects. Th9 cells, along with IL-9, foster T cell and immune cell proliferation, contributing to autoimmune disorders. They are implicated in psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, and infections. In allergic reactions and asthma, Th9 cells fuel pro-inflammatory responses. Targeting Foxo1 may regulate innate and adaptive immune responses, alleviating disease symptoms. This comprehensive review outlines Th9 cells' evolving immunopathophysiological role, emphasizing the necessity for further research to grasp their effects and potential therapeutic applications across diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Khokhar
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Jodhpur, India
| | - Purvi Purohit
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Jodhpur, India
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4
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Nenciarini S, Renzi S, di Paola M, Meriggi N, Cavalieri D. The yeast-human coevolution: Fungal transition from passengers, colonizers, and invaders. WIREs Mech Dis 2024; 16:e1639. [PMID: 38146626 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
Fungi are the cause of more than a billion infections in humans every year, although their interactions with the host are still neglected compared to bacteria. Major systemic fungal infections are very unusual in the healthy population, due to the long history of coevolution with the human host. Humans are routinely exposed to environmental fungi and can host a commensal mycobiota, which is increasingly considered as a key player in health and disease. Here, we review the current knowledge on host-fungi coevolution and the factors that regulate their interaction. On one hand, fungi have learned to survive and inhabit the host organisms as a natural ecosystem, on the other hand, the host immune system finely tunes the response toward fungi. In turn, recognition of fungi as commensals or pathogens regulates the host immune balance in health and disease. In the human gut ecosystem, yeasts provide a fingerprint of the transient microbiota. Their status as passengers or colonizers is related to the integrity of the gut barrier and the risk of multiple disorders. Thus, the study of this less known component of the microbiota could unravel the rules of the transition from passengers to colonizers and invaders, as well as their dependence on the innate component of the host's immune response. This article is categorized under: Infectious Diseases > Environmental Factors Immune System Diseases > Environmental Factors Infectious Diseases > Molecular and Cellular Physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sonia Renzi
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Monica di Paola
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Niccolò Meriggi
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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5
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Ji T, Li H. T-helper cells and their cytokines in pathogenesis and treatment of asthma. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1149203. [PMID: 37377958 PMCID: PMC10291091 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1149203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Prosperous advances in understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms of chronic inflammation and airway remodeling in asthma have been made over the past several decades. Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways characterized by reversible airway obstruction that is self-resolving or remits with treatment. Around half of asthma patients are "Type-2-high" asthma with overexpression of type 2 inflammatory pathways and elevated type 2 cytokines. When stimulated by allergens, airway epithelial cells secrete IL-25, IL-33, and TSLP to derive a Th2 immune response. First ILC2 followed by Th2 cells produces a series of cytokines such as IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13. TFH cells control IgE synthesis by secreting IL-4 to allergen-specific B cells. IL-5 promotes eosinophil inflammation, while IL-13 and IL-4 are involved in goblet cell metaplasia and bronchial hyperresponsiveness. Currently, "Type-2 low" asthma is defined as asthma with low levels of T2 biomarkers due to the lack of reliable biomarkers, which is associated with other Th cells. Th1 and Th17 are capable of producing cytokines that recruit neutrophils, such as IFN-γ and IL-17, to participate in the development of "Type-2-low" asthma. Precision medicine targeting Th cells and related cytokines is essential in the management of asthma aiming at the more appropriate patient selection and better treatment response. In this review, we sort out the pathogenesis of Th cells in asthma and summarize the therapeutic approaches involved as well as potential research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hequan Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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6
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Vinokurova D, Apetoh L. The Emerging Role of IL-9 in the Anticancer Effects of Anti-PD-1 Therapy. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13040670. [PMID: 37189417 DOI: 10.3390/biom13040670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
PD-1 blockade rescues failing anticancer immune responses, resulting in durable remissions in some cancer patients. Cytokines such as IFNγ and IL-2 contribute to the anti-tumor effect of PD-1 blockade. IL-9 was identified over the last decade as a cytokine demonstrating a potent ability to harness the anticancer functions of innate and adaptive immune cells in mice. Recent translational investigations suggest that the anticancer activity of IL-9 also extends to some human cancers. Increased T cell-derived IL-9 was proposed to predict the response to anti-PD-1 therapy. Preclinical investigations accordingly revealed that IL-9 could synergize with anti-PD-1 therapy in eliciting anticancer responses. Here, we review the findings suggesting an important contribution of IL-9 in the efficacy of anti-PD-1 therapy and discuss their clinical relevance. We will also discuss the role of host factors like the microbiota and TGFβ in the tumor microenvironment (TME) in the regulation of IL-9 secretion and anti-PD-1 treatment efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Vinokurova
- UMR 1231, Lipides Nutrition Cancer, INSERM, 21000 Dijon, France
- UFR des Sciences de Santé, Université de Bourgogne, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Lionel Apetoh
- Brown Center for Immunotherapy, Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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7
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Khokhar M, Purohit P, Gadwal A, Tomo S, Bajpai NK, Shukla R. The Differentially Expressed Genes Responsible for the Development of T Helper 9 Cells From T Helper 2 Cells in Various Disease States: Immuno-Interactomics Study. JMIR BIOINFORMATICS AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 4:e42421. [PMID: 38935935 PMCID: PMC11135241 DOI: 10.2196/42421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND T helper (Th) 9 cells are a novel subset of Th cells that develop independently from Th2 cells and are characterized by the secretion of interleukin (IL)-9. Studies have suggested the involvement of Th9 cells in variable diseases such as allergic and pulmonary diseases (eg, asthma, chronic obstructive airway disease, chronic rhinosinusitis, nasal polyps, and pulmonary hypoplasia), metabolic diseases (eg, acute leukemia, myelocytic leukemia, breast cancer, lung cancer, melanoma, pancreatic cancer), neuropsychiatric disorders (eg, Alzheimer disease), autoimmune diseases (eg, Graves disease, Crohn disease, colitis, psoriasis, systemic lupus erythematosus, systemic scleroderma, rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, inflammatory bowel disease, atopic dermatitis, eczema), and infectious diseases (eg, tuberculosis, hepatitis). However, there is a dearth of information on its involvement in other metabolic, neuropsychiatric, and infectious diseases. OBJECTIVE This study aims to identify significant differentially altered genes in the conversion of Th2 to Th9 cells, and their regulating microRNAs (miRs) from publicly available Gene Expression Omnibus data sets of the mouse model using in silico analysis to unravel various pathogenic pathways involved in disease processes. METHODS Using differentially expressed genes (DEGs) identified from 2 publicly available data sets (GSE99166 and GSE123501) we performed functional enrichment and network analyses to identify pathways, protein-protein interactions, miR-messenger RNA associations, and disease-gene associations related to significant differentially altered genes implicated in the conversion of Th2 to Th9 cells. RESULTS We extracted 260 common downregulated, 236 common upregulated, and 634 common DEGs from the expression profiles of data sets GSE99166 and GSE123501. Codifferentially expressed ILs, cytokines, receptors, and transcription factors (TFs) were enriched in 7 crucial Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways and Gene Ontology. We constructed the protein-protein interaction network and predicted the top regulatory miRs involved in the Th2 to Th9 differentiation pathways. We also identified various metabolic, allergic and pulmonary, neuropsychiatric, autoimmune, and infectious diseases as well as carcinomas where the differentiation of Th2 to Th9 may play a crucial role. CONCLUSIONS This study identified hitherto unexplored possible associations between Th9 and disease states. Some important ILs, including CCL1 (chemokine [C-C motif] ligand 1), CCL20 (chemokine [C-C motif] ligand 20), IL-13, IL-4, IL-12A, and IL-9; receptors, including IL-12RB1, IL-4RA (interleukin 9 receptor alpha), CD53 (cluster of differentiation 53), CD6 (cluster of differentiation 6), CD5 (cluster of differentiation 5), CD83 (cluster of differentiation 83), CD197 (cluster of differentiation 197), IL-1RL1 (interleukin 1 receptor-like 1), CD101 (cluster of differentiation 101), CD96 (cluster of differentiation 96), CD72 (cluster of differentiation 72), CD7 (cluster of differentiation 7), CD152 (cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated protein 4), CD38 (cluster of differentiation 38), CX3CR1 (chemokine [C-X3-C motif] receptor 1), CTLA2A (cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated protein 2 alpha), CTLA28, and CD196 (cluster of differentiation 196); and TFs, including FOXP3 (forkhead box P3), IRF8 (interferon regulatory factor 8), FOXP2 (forkhead box P2), RORA (RAR-related orphan receptor alpha), AHR (aryl-hydrocarbon receptor), MAF (avian musculoaponeurotic fibrosarcoma oncogene homolog), SMAD6 (SMAD family member 6), JUN (Jun proto-oncogene), JAK2 (Janus kinase 2), EP300 (E1A binding protein p300), ATF6 (activating transcription factor 6), BTAF1 (B-TFIID TATA-box binding protein associated factor 1), BAFT (basic leucine zipper transcription factor), NOTCH1 (neurogenic locus notch homolog protein 1), GATA3 (GATA binding protein 3), SATB1 (special AT-rich sequence binding protein 1), BMP7 (bone morphogenetic protein 7), and PPARG (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, were able to identify significant differentially altered genes in the conversion of Th2 to Th9 cells. We identified some common miRs that could target the DEGs. The scarcity of studies on the role of Th9 in metabolic diseases highlights the lacunae in this field. Our study provides the rationale for exploring the role of Th9 in various metabolic disorders such as diabetes mellitus, diabetic nephropathy, hypertensive disease, ischemic stroke, steatohepatitis, liver fibrosis, obesity, adenocarcinoma, glioblastoma and glioma, malignant neoplasm of stomach, melanoma, neuroblastoma, osteosarcoma, pancreatic carcinoma, prostate carcinoma, and stomach carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Khokhar
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Jodhpur, Jodhpur, India
| | - Purvi Purohit
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Jodhpur, Jodhpur, India
| | - Ashita Gadwal
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Jodhpur, Jodhpur, India
| | - Sojit Tomo
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Jodhpur, Jodhpur, India
| | - Nitin Kumar Bajpai
- Department of Nephrology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Jodhpur, Jodhpur, India
| | - Ravindra Shukla
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Jodhpur, Jodhpur, India
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8
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Helou DG, Quach C, Fung M, Painter JD, Hurrell BP, Eddie Loh YH, Howard E, Shafiei-Jahani P, Soroosh P, Sharpe AH, Akbari O. Human PD-1 agonist treatment alleviates neutrophilic asthma by reprogramming T cells. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2023; 151:526-538.e8. [PMID: 35963455 PMCID: PMC9905221 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2022.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neutrophilic asthma is associated with disease severity and corticosteroid insensitivity. Novel therapies are required to manage this life-threatening asthma phenotype. Programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) is a key homeostatic modulator of the immune response for T-cell effector functions. OBJECTIVE We sought to investigate the role of PD-1 in the regulation of acute neutrophilic inflammation in a murine model of airway hyperreactivity (AHR). METHODS House dust mite was used to induce and compare neutrophilic AHR in wild-type and PD-1 knockout mice. Then, the therapeutic potential of a human PD-1 agonist was tested in a humanized mouse model in which the PD-1 extracellular domain is entirely humanized. Single-cell RNA sequencing and flow cytometry were mainly used to investigate molecular and cellular mechanisms. RESULTS PD-1 was highly induced on pulmonary T cells in our inflammatory model. PD-1 deficiency was associated with an increased neutrophilic AHR and high recruitment of inflammatory cells to the lungs. Consistently, PD-1 agonist treatment dampened AHR, decreased neutrophil recruitment, and modulated cytokine production in a humanized PD-1 mouse model. Mechanistically, we demonstrated at the transcriptional and protein levels that the inhibitory effect of PD-1 agonist is associated with the reprogramming of pulmonary effector T cells that showed decreased number and activation. CONCLUSIONS PD-1 agonist treatment is efficient in dampening neutrophilic AHR and lung inflammation in a preclinical humanized mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doumet Georges Helou
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Calif
| | - Christine Quach
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Calif
| | - Marshall Fung
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Calif
| | - Jacob D Painter
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Calif
| | - Benjamin P Hurrell
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Calif
| | - Yong-Hwee Eddie Loh
- USC Libraries Bioinformatics Service, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Calif
| | - Emily Howard
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Calif
| | - Pedram Shafiei-Jahani
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Calif
| | | | - Arlene H Sharpe
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Omid Akbari
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Calif.
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9
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Liu M. Effect of crosstalk between Th17 and Th9 cells on the activation of dermal vascular smooth muscle cells in systemic scleroderma and regulation of tanshinone IIA. An Bras Dermatol 2022; 97:716-728. [PMID: 36117047 PMCID: PMC9582889 DOI: 10.1016/j.abd.2021.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To evaluate the effect of T-helper 17 (Th17) cells and Th9 cells on the activation of dermal vascular smooth muscle cells (DVSMCs) in systemic scleroderma (SSc) and regulation of tanshinone IIA. METHODS The expression of interleukin 17 receptor (IL-17R) and interleukin 9 receptor (IL-9R) in the skin of SSc patients was assessed by immunofluorescence. The expression of IL-9 and IL-9R mRNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of SSc patients were detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The proportion of Th9 cells in PBMCs of SSc patients was sorted by flow cytometry. The effect of IL-9 on the differentiation of Th17 and IL-17 on that of Th9 was detected by flow cytometry. The proportion of Th9 and Th17 cells in SSc patients was detected by flow cytometry. The level of collagen I, III, α-SMA, IL-9R, IL-17R, JNK, P38, and ERK were analyzed using western blot (WB). RESULTS Th9 cells were highly expressed in SSc. IL-9 stimulated the differentiation of immature T cells into Th17 cells. IL-17 induced the differentiation of immature T cells into Th9 cells. Tanshinone IIA inhibited the differentiation of immature T lymphocytes into Th17 and Th9. WB showed that the combined action of IL-17 and IL-9 upregulated the inflammation and proliferation of DVSMCs. Anti-IL17, anti-IL9, and tanshinone IIA inhibited the functional activation of DVSMCs. STUDY LIMITATIONS For Th17, Th9 and vascular smooth muscle cells, the study on the signal pathway of their interaction is not thorough enough. More detailed studies are needed to explore the mechanism of cell-cell interaction. CONCLUSIONS The current results suggested that Th17 and Th9 cells induced the activation of DVSMCs in SSc through crosstalk in vitro, and tanshinone IIA inhibited the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengguo Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, the 12th Urumqi Road, Shanghai, China.
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10
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Ren Y, Zhong X, Wang H, Chen Z, Liu Y, Zeng X, Ma Y. Chloroquine Attenuates Asthma Development by Restoring Airway Smooth Muscle Cell Phenotype Via the ROS-AKT Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:916508. [PMID: 35721212 PMCID: PMC9198701 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.916508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Switching of airway smooth muscle (ASM) cell phenotype from differentiated-contractile to dedifferentiated-proliferative/synthetic state often occurs in asthmatic subjects with airway dysfunction. Evidence has been provided that chloroquine (an agonist of bitter taste receptors) presented benefits to ASM cell function implicated in asthma. However, the underlying mechanism is unclear. House dust mite (HDM)-sensitized mice were administered with chloroquine or dexamethasone before challenge. BALF and lung tissue were obtained for cell counting, histological analysis or ELISA. Primary cultured ASM cells were stimulated with transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 or H2O2. Cells and supernatant were collected for the detection of ASM phenotype, ROS level, and proinflammatory cytokine production. In HDM-sensitized mice, chloroquine attenuated airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), inflammation and remodeling with an inhibition of immunoglobulin E, IL-4/-13, and TGF-β1 in BALF. ASM cell proliferation (PCNA), hypertrophy (α-SMA), and parasecretion (MMP-9 and MMP-13) were strongly suppressed by chloroquine, hinting the rebalance of the heterogeneous ASM populations in asthmatic airway. Our data in vitro indicated that chloroquine markedly restrained maladaptive alteration in ASM phenotype in concert with a remission of ROS. Using H2O2 and PI3K inhibitor (LY294002), we found that the inhibition of oxidative stress level and ROS-AKT signal by chloroquine may serve as a potential mechanism that dedicates to the restoration of the phenotypic imbalance in ASM cells. Overall, the present findings suggested that chloroquine improves asthmatic airway function by controlling ASM cell phenotype shift, sketching a novel profile of chloroquine as a new therapeutic candidate for airway remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Ren
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Medical Genetics, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiuhua Zhong
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongyu Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhongqi Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanan Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Xiaoning Zeng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuan Ma
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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11
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Ulrich BJ, Kharwadkar R, Chu M, Pajulas A, Muralidharan C, Koh B, Fu Y, Gao H, Hayes TA, Zhou HM, Goplen NP, Nelson AS, Liu Y, Linnemann AK, Turner MJ, Licona-Limón P, Flavell RA, Sun J, Kaplan MH. Allergic airway recall responses require IL-9 from resident memory CD4 + T cells. Sci Immunol 2022; 7:eabg9296. [PMID: 35302861 PMCID: PMC9295820 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abg9296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic inflammatory lung disease with intermittent flares predominately mediated through memory T cells. Yet, the identity of long-term memory cells that mediate allergic recall responses is not well defined. In this report, using a mouse model of chronic allergen exposure followed by an allergen-free rest period, we characterized a subpopulation of CD4+ T cells that secreted IL-9 as an obligate effector cytokine. IL-9-secreting cells had a resident memory T cell phenotype, and blocking IL-9 during a recall challenge or deleting IL-9 from T cells significantly diminished airway inflammation and airway hyperreactivity. T cells secreted IL-9 in an allergen recall-specific manner, and secretion was amplified by IL-33. Using scRNA-seq and scATAC-seq, we defined the cellular identity of a distinct population of T cells with a proallergic cytokine pattern. Thus, in a recall model of allergic airway inflammation, IL-9 secretion from a multicytokine-producing CD4+ T cell population was required for an allergen recall response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin J Ulrich
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Rakshin Kharwadkar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Michelle Chu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Abigail Pajulas
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Charanya Muralidharan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Byunghee Koh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Department of Pediatrics and Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Yongyao Fu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Hongyu Gao
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Tristan A Hayes
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Department of Pediatrics and Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Hong-Ming Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Nick P Goplen
- Thoracic Diseases Research Unit, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Rochester, MN 55902, USA
| | - Andrew S Nelson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Department of Pediatrics and Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Yunlong Liu
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Amelia K Linnemann
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Department of Pediatrics and Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Matthew J Turner
- Department of Dermatology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Paula Licona-Limón
- Departamento de Biologia Celular y del Desarrollo, Instituto de Fisiologia Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04020, Mexico
| | - Richard A Flavell
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Jie Sun
- Thoracic Diseases Research Unit, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Rochester, MN 55902, USA
| | - Mark H Kaplan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Department of Pediatrics and Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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12
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Canaria DA, Clare MG, Yan B, Campbell CB, Ismaio ZA, Anderson NL, Park S, Dent AL, Kazemian M, Olson MR. IL-1β promotes IL-9-producing Th cell differentiation in IL-2-limiting conditions through the inhibition of BCL6. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1032618. [PMID: 36389679 PMCID: PMC9663844 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1032618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
IL-9-producing CD4+ T helper cells, termed Th9 cells, differentiate from naïve precursor cells in response to a combination of cytokine and cell surface receptor signals that are elevated in inflamed tissues. After differentiation, Th9 cells accumulate in these tissues where they exacerbate allergic and intestinal disease or enhance anti-parasite and anti-tumor immunity. Previous work indicates that the differentiation of Th9 cells requires the inflammatory cytokines IL-4 and TGF-β and is also dependent of the T cell growth factor IL-2. While the roles of IL-4 and TGF-β-mediated signaling are relatively well understood, how IL-2 signaling contributes to Th9 cell differentiation outside of directly inducing the Il9 locus remains less clear. We show here that murine Th9 cells that differentiate in IL-2-limiting conditions exhibit reduced IL-9 production, diminished NF-kB activation and a reduced NF-kB-associated transcriptional signature, suggesting that IL-2 signaling is required for optimal NF-kB activation in Th9 cells. Interestingly, both IL-9 production and the NF-kB transcriptional signature could be rescued by addition of the NF-kB-activating cytokine IL-1β to IL-2-limiting cultures. IL-1β was unique among NF-kB-activating factors in its ability to rescue Th9 differentiation as IL-2 deprived Th9 cells selectively induced IL-1R expression and IL-1β/IL-1R1 signaling enhanced the sensitivity of Th9 cells to limiting amounts of IL-2 by suppressing expression of the Th9 inhibitory factor BCL6. These data shed new light on the intertwined nature of IL-2 and NF-kB signaling pathways in differentiating Th cells and elucidate the potential mechanisms that promote Th9 inflammatory function in IL-2-limiting conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Alejandro Canaria
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Maia G Clare
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Bingyu Yan
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Charlotte B Campbell
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Zachariah A Ismaio
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Nicole L Anderson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Sungtae Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Alexander L Dent
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Majid Kazemian
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States.,Department of Computer Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Matthew R Olson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
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13
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Nayak SP, Roy S. Immune phase transition under steroid treatment. Phys Rev E 2021; 103:062401. [PMID: 34271610 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.103.062401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The steroid hormone glucocorticoid (GC) is a well-known immunosuppressant that controls T-cell-mediated adaptive immune response. In this work, we have developed a minimal kinetic network model of T-cell regulation connecting relevant experimental and clinical studies to quantitatively understand the long-term effects of GC on pro-inflammatory T-cell (T_{pro}) and anti-inflammatory T-cell (T_{anti}) dynamics. Due to the antagonistic relation between these two types of T cells, their long-term steady-state population ratio helps us to characterize three classified immune regulations: (i) weak ([T_{pro}]>[T_{anti}]), (ii) strong ([T_{pro}]<[T_{anti}]), and (iii) moderate ([T_{pro}]∼[T_{anti}]), holding the characteristic bistability. In addition to the differences in their long-term steady-state outcome, each immune regulation shows distinct dynamical phases. In the presteady state, a characteristic intermediate stationary phase is observed to develop only in the moderate regulation regime. In the medicinal field, the resting time in this stationary phase is distinguished as a clinical latent period. GC dose-dependent steady-state analysis shows an optimal level of GC to drive a phase transition from the weak or autoimmune prone to the moderate regulation regime. Subsequently, the presteady state clinical latent period tends to diverge near that optimal GC level where [T_{pro}]:[T_{anti}] is highly balanced. The GC-optimized elongated stationary phase explains the rationale behind the requirement of long-term immune diagnostics, especially when long-term GC-based chemotherapeutics and other immunosuppressive drugs are administrated. Moreover, our study reveals GC sensitivity of clinical latent period, which might serve as an early warning signal in diagnosing different immune phases and determining immune phasewise steroid treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Susmita Roy
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Campus Road, Mohanpur, West Bengal 741246, India
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14
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Critical Roles of Balanced T Helper 9 Cells and Regulatory T Cells in Allergic Airway Inflammation and Tumor Immunity. J Immunol Res 2021; 2021:8816055. [PMID: 33748292 PMCID: PMC7943311 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8816055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
CD4+T helper (Th) cells are important mediators of immune responses in asthma and cancer. When counteracted by different classes of pathogens, naïve CD4+T cells undergo programmed differentiation into distinct types of Th cells. Th cells orchestrate antigen-specific immune responses upon their clonal T-cell receptor (TCR) interaction with the appropriate peptide antigen presented on MHC class II molecules expressed by antigen-presenting cells (APCs). T helper 9 (Th9) cells and regulatory T (Treg) cells and their corresponding cytokines have critical roles in tumor and allergic immunity. In the context of asthma and cancer, the dynamic internal microenvironment, along with chronic inflammatory stimuli, influences development, differentiation, and function of Th9 cells and Treg cells. Furthermore, the dysregulation of the balance between Th9 cells and Treg cells might trigger aberrant immune responses, resulting in development and exacerbation of asthma and cancer. In this review, the development, differentiation, and function of Th9 cells and Treg cells, which are synergistically regulated by various factors including cytokine signals, transcriptional factors (TFs), costimulatory signals, microenvironment cues, metabolic pathways, and different signal pathways, will be discussed. In addition, we focus on the recent progress that has helped to achieve a better understanding of the roles of Th9 cells and Treg cells in allergic airway inflammation and tumor immunity. We also discuss how various factors moderate their responses in asthma and cancer. Finally, we summarize the recent findings regarding potential mechanisms for regulating the balance between Th9 and Treg cells in asthma and cancer. These advances provide opportunities for novel therapeutic strategies that are aimed at reestablishing the balance of these cells in the diseases.
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15
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Li T, Wu B, Yang T, Zhang L, Jin K. The outstanding antitumor capacity of CD4 + T helper lymphocytes. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2020; 1874:188439. [PMID: 32980465 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2020.188439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decades, tumor-resident immune cells have been extensively studied to dissect their biological functions and clinical roles. Tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells, because of their cytotoxic and killing ability, have been under the spotlight for a long time, whereas CD4+ T cells are considered just a supporting actor in the field of cancer immunotherapy. Until recently, accumulating evidence has demonstrated the ability of CD4+ T cells in eradicating solid tumors, and their functions in mediating antitumor immunity have been investigated in various orientations. In this review, we highlight the pivotal role of CD4+ T cells in eliciting vigorous antitumor immune responses, summarize key signaling axes and molecular networks behind these antitumor functions, and also propose possible targets and promising strategies which might translate into more efficient immunotherapies against human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Li
- Laboratory of Human Diseases and Immunotherapies, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Bowen Wu
- School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94304, USA
| | - Tao Yang
- Laboratory of Human Diseases and Immunotherapies, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Long Zhang
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ke Jin
- Laboratory of Human Diseases and Immunotherapies, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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16
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DR3 stimulation of adipose resident ILC2s ameliorates type 2 diabetes mellitus. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4718. [PMID: 32948777 PMCID: PMC7501856 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18601-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Disturbances in glucose homeostasis and low-grade chronic inflammation culminate into metabolic syndrome that increase the risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The recently discovered group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) are capable of secreting copious amounts of type 2 cytokines to modulate metabolic homeostasis in adipose tissue. In this study, we have established that expression of Death Receptor 3 (DR3), a member of the TNF superfamily, on visceral adipose tissue (VAT)-derived murine and peripheral blood human ILC2s is inducible by IL-33. We demonstrate that DR3 engages the canonical and/or non-canonical NF-κB pathways, and thus stimulates naïve and co-stimulates IL-33-activated ILC2s. Importantly, DR3 engagement on ILC2s significantly ameliorates glucose tolerance, protects against insulin-resistance onset and remarkably reverses already established insulin-resistance. Taken together, these results convey the potent role of DR3 as an ILC2 regulator and introduce DR3 agonistic treatment as a novel therapeutic avenue for treating T2DM.
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17
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Sun Z, Ji N, Ma Q, Zhu R, Chen Z, Wang Z, Qian Y, Wu C, Hu F, Huang M, Zhang M. Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Asthma Airway Remodeling Is Regulated by the IL-33/CD146 Axis. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1598. [PMID: 32793232 PMCID: PMC7387705 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is essential in asthma airway remodeling. IL-33 from epithelial cells is involved in pulmonary fibrosis. CD146 has been extensively explored in cancer-associated EMT. Whether IL-33 regulates CD146 in the EMT process associated with asthma airway remodeling is still largely unknown. We hypothesized that EMT in airway remodeling was regulated by the IL-33/CD146 axis. House dust mite (HDM) extract increased the expression of IL-33 and CD146 in epithelial cells. Increased expression of CD146 in HDM-treated epithelial cells could be blocked with an ST2-neutralizing antibody. Moreover, HDM-induced EMT was dependent on the CD146 and TGF-β/SMAD-3 signaling pathways. IL-33 deficiency decreased CD146 expression and alleviated asthma severity. Similarly, CD146 deficiency mitigated EMT and airway remodeling in a murine model of chronic allergic airway inflammation. Furthermore, CD146 expression was significantly elevated in asthma patients. We concluded that IL-33 from HDM extract-treated alveolar epithelial cells stimulated CD146 expression, promoting EMT in airway remodeling in chronic allergic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixiao Sun
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ningfei Ji
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiyun Ma
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ranran Zhu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhongqi Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhengxia Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Qian
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chaojie Wu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mao Huang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mingshun Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Antibody Technique, Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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18
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Chen T, Guo J, Cai Z, Li B, Sun L, Shen Y, Wang S, Wang Z, Wang Z, Wang Y, Zhou H, Cai Z, Ye Z. Th9 Cell Differentiation and Its Dual Effects in Tumor Development. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1026. [PMID: 32508847 PMCID: PMC7251969 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
With the improved understanding of the molecular pathogenesis and characteristics of cancers, the critical role of the immune system in preventing tumor development has been widely accepted. The understanding of the relationship between the immune system and cancer progression is constantly evolving, from the cancer immunosurveillance hypothesis to immunoediting theory and the delicate balance in the tumor microenvironment. Currently, immunotherapy is regarded as a promising strategy against cancers. Although adoptive cell therapy (ACT) has shown some exciting results regarding the rejection of tumors, the effect is not always satisfactory. Cellular therapy with CD4+ T cells remains to be further explored since the current ACT is mainly focused on CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). Recently, Th9 cells, a subgroup of CD4+ T helper cells characterized by the secretion of IL-9 and IL-10, have been reported to be effective in the elimination of solid tumors and to exhibit superior antitumor properties to Th1 and Th17 cells. In this review, we summarize the most recent advances in the understanding of Th9 cell differentiation and the dual role, both anti-tumor and pro-tumor effects, of Th9 cells in tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Orthopedic Research, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jufeng Guo
- Department of Breast Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhenhai Cai
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Binghao Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Orthopedic Research, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lingling Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Orthopedic Research, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yingying Shen
- Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shengdong Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Orthopedic Research, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhan Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Orthopedic Research, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zenan Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Orthopedic Research, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yucheng Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Orthopedic Research, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hao Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Orthopedic Research, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhijian Cai
- Department of Orthopedics, Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Orthopedic Research, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhaoming Ye
- Department of Orthopedics, Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Orthopedic Research, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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19
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Melatonin modulates airway smooth muscle cell phenotype by targeting the STAT3/Akt/GSK-3β pathway in experimental asthma. Cell Tissue Res 2019; 380:129-142. [PMID: 31867684 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-019-03148-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Among the troika of clinicopathologic features of asthma, airway remodelling has gained sufficient attention for its contribution to progressive airway narrowing. Much effort has been directed at the management of airway smooth muscle cells (ASMCs), but few attempts have proven to prevent the progression of remodelling. Recently, accumulating data have shown the anti-inflammatory/anti-proliferative potency of melatonin (a crucial neurohormone involved in many physiological and pathological processes) in diverse cells. However, no evidence has confirmed its effect on ASMCs. The present study investigates the benefits of melatonin in asthma, with an emphasis on airway remodelling. The results indicated that melatonin significantly attenuated airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), inflammation and remodelling in a house dust mite (HDM) model. Melatonin markedly alleviated goblet cell hyperplasia/metaplasia, collagen deposition and airway smooth muscle hyperplasia/hypertrophy, implying the achievement of remodelling remission. The data obtained in vitro further revealed that melatonin notably inhibited ASMCs proliferation, VEGF synthesis and cell migration induced by PDGF, which might depend on STAT3 signalling. Moreover, melatonin remarkably relieved ASMCs contraction and reversed ASMCs phenotype switching induced by TGF-β, probably via the Akt/GSK-3β pathway. Altogether, our findings illustrated for the first time that melatonin improves asthmatic airway remodelling by balancing the phenotypic proportions of ASMCs, thus highlighting a novel purpose for melatonin as a potent option for the management of asthma.
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20
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T Cell Antifungal Immunity and the Role of C-Type Lectin Receptors. Trends Immunol 2019; 41:61-76. [PMID: 31813764 PMCID: PMC7427322 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2019.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Fungi can cause disease in humans, from mucocutaneous to life-threatening systemic infections. Initiation of antifungal immunity involves fungal recognition by pattern recognition receptors such as C-type lectin receptors (CLRs). These germline-encoded receptors trigger a multitude of innate responses including phagocytosis, fungal killing, and antigen presentation which can also shape the development of adaptive immunity. Recently, studies have shed light on how CLRs directly or indirectly modulate lymphocyte function. Moreover, CLR-mediated recognition of commensal fungi maintains homeostasis and prevents invasion from opportunistic commensals. We present an overview of current knowledge of antifungal T cell immune responses, with emphasis on the role of C-type lectins, and discuss how these receptors modulate these responses at different levels. CLRs are essential pattern recognition receptors involved in fungal recognition and initiation of protective antifungal immunity. CLRs promote the differentiation of mammalian T helper cell subsets essential for the control of systemic (Th1) and mucosal (Th17) fungal infections. CLRs are involved in antigen presentation, the expression of co-stimulatory molecules, and cytokine secretion; therefore, they can regulate lymphocyte function and adaptive immune responses at different levels. Fungal morphological changes, such as the transition from yeast to hyphae in Candida albicans during tissue invasion, affects recognition by CLRs and impacts on adaptive immune responses. CLRs recognize the fungal component of the microbiome that can influence T cell responses during infection at intestinal and peripheral sites.
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21
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Galle-Treger L, Hurrell BP, Lewis G, Howard E, Jahani PS, Banie H, Razani B, Soroosh P, Akbari O. Autophagy is critical for group 2 innate lymphoid cell metabolic homeostasis and effector function. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2019; 145:502-517.e5. [PMID: 31738991 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2019.10.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allergic asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder characterized by airway hyperreactivity (AHR) and driven by TH2 cytokine production. Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) secrete high amounts of TH2 cytokines and contribute to the development of AHR. Autophagy is a cellular degradation pathway that recycles cytoplasmic content. However, the role of autophagy in ILC2s remains to be fully elucidated. OBJECTIVE We characterized the effects of autophagy deficiency on ILC2 effector functions and metabolic balance. METHODS ILC2s from autophagy-deficient mice were isolated to evaluate proliferation, apoptosis, cytokine secretion, gene expression and cell metabolism. Also, autophagy-deficient ILC2s were adoptively transferred into Rag-/-GC-/- mice, which were then challenged with IL-33 and assessed for AHR and lung inflammation. RESULTS We demonstrate that autophagy is extensively used by activated ILC2s to maintain their homeostasis and effector functions. Deletion of the critical autophagy gene autophagy-related 5 (Atg5) resulted in decreased cytokine secretion and increased apoptosis. Moreover, lack of autophagy among ILC2s impaired their ability to use fatty acid oxidation and strikingly promoted glycolysis, as evidenced by our transcriptomic and metabolite analyses. This shift of fuel dependency led to impaired homeostasis and TH2 cytokine production, thus inhibiting the development of ILC2-mediated AHR. Notably, this metabolic reprogramming was also associated with an accumulation of dysfunctional mitochondria, producing excessive reactive oxygen species. CONCLUSION These findings provide new insights into the metabolic profile of ILC2s and suggest that modulation of fuel dependency by autophagy is a potentially new therapeutic approach to target ILC2-dependent inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauriane Galle-Treger
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Calif
| | - Benjamin P Hurrell
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Calif
| | - Gavin Lewis
- Janssen Research and Development, San Diego, Calif
| | - Emily Howard
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Calif
| | - Pedram Shafiei Jahani
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Calif
| | | | - Babak Razani
- Departments of Medicine and Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine and John Cochran VA Medical Center, St Louis, Mo
| | | | - Omid Akbari
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Calif.
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22
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CD103 hi T reg cells constrain lung fibrosis induced by CD103 lo tissue-resident pathogenic CD4 T cells. Nat Immunol 2019; 20:1469-1480. [PMID: 31591568 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-019-0494-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Tissue-resident memory T cells (TRM cells) are crucial mediators of adaptive immunity in nonlymphoid tissues. However, the functional heterogeneity and pathogenic roles of CD4+ TRM cells that reside within chronic inflammatory lesions remain unknown. We found that CD69hiCD103lo CD4+ TRM cells produced effector cytokines and promoted the inflammation and fibrotic responses induced by chronic exposure to Aspergillus fumigatus. Simultaneously, immunosuppressive CD69hiCD103hiFoxp3+ CD4+ regulatory T cells were induced and constrained the ability of pathogenic CD103lo TRM cells to cause fibrosis. Thus, lung tissue-resident CD4+ T cells play crucial roles in the pathology of chronic lung inflammation, and CD103 expression defines pathogenic effector and immunosuppressive tissue-resident cell subpopulations in the inflamed lung.
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Saeki M, Nishimura T, Kitamura N, Hiroi T, Mori A, Kaminuma O. Potential Mechanisms of T Cell-Mediated and Eosinophil-Independent Bronchial Hyperresponsiveness. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20122980. [PMID: 31216735 PMCID: PMC6627885 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20122980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Bronchial asthma is a chronic disease characterized by reversible airway obstruction, mucus production, and bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR). Although Th2 cell-mediated eosinophilic inflammation is an important disease mechanism in the majority of patients with bronchial asthma, recent studies suggest the possible development of Th2-independent airway inflammation and BHR. These non-Th2 endotype patients seem to consist of multiple subgroups, and often do not respond to inhaled corticosteroids. Therefore, to understand the pathogenesis of asthma, it is important to characterize these non-Th2 subgroups. Recently, we demonstrated that Th9 cells induce eosinophil infiltration and eosinophil-independent BHR, and Th9 cells-mediated BHR may be resistant to glucocorticoid. In this review, we summarize the contribution of several T cell subsets in the development of bronchial asthma and introduce our recent study demonstrating Th9 cell-mediated and eosinophil-independent BHR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayumi Saeki
- Allergy and Immunology Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan.
| | - Tomoe Nishimura
- Allergy and Immunology Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan.
| | - Noriko Kitamura
- Allergy and Immunology Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan.
| | - Takachika Hiroi
- Allergy and Immunology Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan.
| | - Akio Mori
- Allergy and Immunology Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan.
- Clinical Research Center for Allergy and Rheumatology, National Hospital Organization, Sagamihara National Hospital, Kanagawa 252-0392, Japan.
| | - Osamu Kaminuma
- Allergy and Immunology Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan.
- Clinical Research Center for Allergy and Rheumatology, National Hospital Organization, Sagamihara National Hospital, Kanagawa 252-0392, Japan.
- Department of Disease Model, Research Institute of Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-0037, Japan.
- Center for Life Science Research, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi 400-8510, Japan.
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24
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Wang Z, Ji N, Chen Z, Wu C, Sun Z, Yu W, Hu F, Huang M, Zhang M. Next Generation Sequencing for Long Non-coding RNAs Profile for CD4 + T Cells in the Mouse Model of Acute Asthma. Front Genet 2019; 10:545. [PMID: 31231429 PMCID: PMC6565949 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Although long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been linked to many diseases including asthma, little is known about lncRNA transcriptomes of CD4+ T cells in asthma. The present study aimed to explore the lncRNAs profile in the CD4+T cells from the mouse model of acute asthma. Methods Next generation sequencing for lncRNAs and mRNAs was performed on CD4+ T cells from asthma and control mice. Gene ontology (GO) and kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses were performed to predict the functions and signal pathways for the aberrant lncRNAs. The selected lncRNAs were further measured using quantitative real-time PCR (polymerase chain reaction) and observed in the fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). The lncRNA–mRNA co-expression network was constructed via Pearson’s correlation coefficient and Cytoscape 3.6. Results Next generation sequencing revealed 36 up-regulated lncRNAs and 98 down-regulated lncRNAs in acute asthma compared with controls. KEGG pathway analysis showed that cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction had the highest enrichment scores. A co-expression network was constructed in which 23 lncRNAs and 301 mRNAs altered formed a total of 12424 lncRNA and mRNA pairs. To validate the RNA sequencing results, we measured the 4 different lncRNAs using qPCR. The lncRNA fantom3_9230106C11 was significantly reduced in CD4+ T cells of asthma. Bioinformatics analysis showed that lncRNA fantom3_9230106C11 had the potential to interact with many miRNAs and transcription factors related to Th2 differentiation. Conclusion This study provided the first evidence for different expression of lncRNAs of CD4+T cells in asthma and may serve as a template for further, larger functional in-depth analyses regarding asthma molecular lncRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengxia Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ningfei Ji
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhongqi Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chaojie Wu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhixiao Sun
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenqin Yu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Infectious Disease, Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou, China
| | - Fan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mao Huang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mingshun Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Antibody Technique, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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25
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Klein M, Magnan A, Bouchaud G. [Allergen-derived peptide: A promising approach in asthma]. Rev Mal Respir 2019; 36:442-446. [PMID: 31006580 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmr.2019.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Severe asthma required high dose of corticosteroids combined with biotherapies to control more or less asthma symptoms and lead to the decrease of patients' quality of life on long term. Recent studies show that hypoallergenic peptides derived from allergen can prevent airway hyperresponsiveness, decrease Th2 response and also allergen-specific IgE in mouse models of allergic asthma. Even if some peptides mechanisms remain unknown, their fast efficacy with low doses of allergens make peptide immunotherapy a new promising approach in allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Klein
- Inserm UMR 1087/CNRS UMR6291, IRS, institut du thorax, université de Nantes, 8, quai Moncousu, BP 70721, 44007 Nantes cedex 1, France
| | - A Magnan
- Inserm UMR 1087/CNRS UMR6291, IRS, institut du thorax, université de Nantes, 8, quai Moncousu, BP 70721, 44007 Nantes cedex 1, France; Service de pneumologie, institut du thorax, CHU de Nantes, 44000 Nantes, France
| | - G Bouchaud
- Inra, UR 1268 BIA, 44316 Nantes, France.
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26
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Abstract
PURPOSES OF REVIEW Th9 cells are recognized as a novel subset of effector T helper cells that preferentially produce IL-9. Here, we provide a current update on the reports related to the function of Th9 cells in allergic inflammatory diseases. RECENT FINDINGS The effector Th9 cells differentiating from naïve T helper cells have recently been identified. Because of accumulating findings of Th9 cells in many inflammatory diseases, including allergic diseases, diverse functions of Th9 cells in regulating immune responses have been suggested. Related reports indicate multiple sources of IL-9 besides Th9 cells and their association with the pathogenesis of allergic rhinitis, asthma, atopic dermatitis, contact dermatitis, and food allergy. More recently, elements of the epigenetic landscape involving in the regulation of IL-9 by Th9 cells have been identified to be the potential target for allergic inflammation. This review provides the most recent information about Th9 cells and their contribution in airway allergic disease, skin, and food allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pornpimon Angkasekwinai
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand.
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27
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Klein M, Dijoux E, Dilasser F, Hassoun D, Moui A, Loirand G, Colas L, Magnan A, Sauzeau V, Bouchaud G. [New protagonists in asthma pathophysiology]. Presse Med 2019; 48:255-261. [PMID: 30857807 DOI: 10.1016/j.lpm.2019.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma is often associated with a Th2-type immune response with well-known cellular and molecular actors such as eosinophils, Th2 lymphocytes and associated cytokines such as interleukin-5 or IL-4. Nevertheless, some of the asthmatic patients show clinical manifestations and characteristics that do not correspond to the current pattern of the pathophysiology of asthma. Thus, recently new cellular and molecular actors in the development of asthma have been demonstrated in animal models and in humans. Among these are components of the innate immune system such as type 2 innate lymphoid cells or adaptive immune system such as Th9 lymphocytes. At the cellular level, the role of small G proteins in asthma is also highlighted as well as the role of major cytokines like IL-17 or those derived from the epithelium. A better knowledge of the physiopathology of asthma and the taking into account of these new actors allows the identification of new therapeutic targets for different endotypes of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Klein
- L'institut du thorax, Inserm, CNRS, université de Nantes, 44000 Nantes, France
| | - Eléonore Dijoux
- L'institut du thorax, Inserm, CNRS, université de Nantes, 44000 Nantes, France
| | - Florian Dilasser
- L'institut du thorax, Inserm, CNRS, université de Nantes, 44000 Nantes, France
| | - Dorian Hassoun
- L'institut du thorax, Inserm, CNRS, université de Nantes, 44000 Nantes, France; L'institut du thorax, CHU de Nantes, service de pneumologie, 44000 Nantes, France
| | - Antoine Moui
- L'institut du thorax, Inserm, CNRS, université de Nantes, 44000 Nantes, France; L'institut du thorax, CHU de Nantes, service de pneumologie, 44000 Nantes, France
| | - Gervaise Loirand
- L'institut du thorax, Inserm, CNRS, université de Nantes, 44000 Nantes, France
| | - Luc Colas
- L'institut du thorax, Inserm, CNRS, université de Nantes, 44000 Nantes, France; L'institut du thorax, CHU de Nantes, service de pneumologie, 44000 Nantes, France
| | - Antoine Magnan
- L'institut du thorax, Inserm, CNRS, université de Nantes, 44000 Nantes, France; L'institut du thorax, CHU de Nantes, service de pneumologie, 44000 Nantes, France
| | - Vincent Sauzeau
- L'institut du thorax, Inserm, CNRS, université de Nantes, 44000 Nantes, France
| | - Grégory Bouchaud
- INRA, UR1268 BIA, rue de la Géraudière, BP 71627, 44316 Nantes, France.
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28
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Schaper-Gerhardt K, Wohlert M, Mommert S, Kietzmann M, Werfel T, Gutzmer R. Stimulation of histamine H 4 receptors increases the production of IL-9 in Th9 polarized cells. Br J Pharmacol 2019; 177:614-622. [PMID: 30589077 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Th9 cells represent a recently defined subset of CD4+ T-helper cells, characterized by a high production of IL-9. They are found at increased frequency in lesions of atopic dermatitis, where IL-9 is also elevated. As histamine is up-regulated in lesions of inflammatory skin diseases, we investigated the expression profile of histamine receptors and their functional role on Th9 cells. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Naïve CD4+ T-cells were purified from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, using magnetic beads and further differentiated into Th9 cells. During differentiation, cells were additionally stimulated with histamine receptor agonists or left untreated. Histamine receptor expression as well as IL-9 production was measured. KEY RESULTS As proof of a successful differentiation, IL-9 production was measured at mRNA and protein level. Expression of mRNA for histamine H1 , H2 and H4 receptors were up-regulated in differentiated Th9 cells compared to Th0 cells, while no mRNA for the H3 receptor was detectable. Stimulation of Th9 cells with histamine significantly up-regulated expression of mRNA and protein for IL-9 . Experiments with specific histamine receptor agonists and antagonists revealed that this up-regulation was mediated by H4 receptors. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS In summary, our study demonstrates a functional role for histamine H4 receptors on Th9 cells, which might amplify the pro-inflammatory potency of these cells. Together with earlier studies on Th2 and Th17 cells, this study underlines the promising approach for the use of H4 receptor antagonists in inflammatory and allergic diseases such as atopic dermatitis. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on New Uses for 21st Century. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v177.3/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Schaper-Gerhardt
- Division of Immunodermatology and Allergy Research, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Mareike Wohlert
- Division of Immunodermatology and Allergy Research, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Susanne Mommert
- Division of Immunodermatology and Allergy Research, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Manfred Kietzmann
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmacy, Veterinary School Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Thomas Werfel
- Division of Immunodermatology and Allergy Research, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ralf Gutzmer
- Division of Immunodermatology and Allergy Research, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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29
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Costimulation of type-2 innate lymphoid cells by GITR promotes effector function and ameliorates type 2 diabetes. Nat Commun 2019; 10:713. [PMID: 30755607 PMCID: PMC6372786 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-08449-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome is characterized by disturbances in glucose homeostasis and the development of low-grade systemic inflammation, which increase the risk to develop type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Type-2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) are a recently discovered immune population secreting Th2 cytokines. While previous studies show how ILC2s can play a critical role in the regulation of metabolic homeostasis in the adipose tissue, a therapeutic target capable of modulating ILC2 activation has yet to be identified. Here, we show that GITR, a member of the TNF superfamily, is expressed on both murine and human ILC2s. Strikingly, we demonstrate that GITR engagement of activated, but not naïve, ILC2s improves glucose homeostasis, resulting in both protection against insulin resistance onset and amelioration of established insulin- resistance. Together, these results highlight the critical role of GITR as a novel therapeutic molecule against T2DM and its fundamental role as an immune checkpoint for activated ILC2s. Type-2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) are an immune population secreting Th2 cytokines playing a role in the regulation of adipose metabolic homeostasis. Here the authors show that engagement of GITR, a member of the TNF superfamily, in activated ILC2s is protective against insulin resistance in both a preventive and a therapeutic manner in the context of obesity.
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30
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Fukuda M, Yamaguchi H, Mukae H, Ashizawa K. Programmed death ligand-1 inhibitors potentially carry a lower risk of pneumonitis compared with programmed death-1 inhibitors in patients with non-small cell lung cancer. J Thorac Dis 2019; 10:S4082-S4084. [PMID: 30631561 DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2018.09.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Minoru Fukuda
- Clinical Oncology Center, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Unit of Translational Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Yamaguchi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Unit of Translational Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Mukae
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Unit of Translational Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Kazuto Ashizawa
- Clinical Oncology Center, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan.,Department of Clinical Oncology, Unit of Translational Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
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31
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Yazdani R, Shapoori S, Rezaeepoor M, Sanaei R, Ganjalikhani-Hakemi M, Azizi G, Rae W, Aghamohammadi A, Rezaei N. Features and roles of T helper 9 cells and interleukin 9 in immunological diseases. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr) 2019; 47:90-104. [PMID: 29703631 DOI: 10.1016/j.aller.2018.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2017] [Revised: 01/28/2018] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
T helper 9 (TH9) cells are considered as newly classified helper T cells that have an important role in the regulation of immune responses. Since these cells preferentially produce IL-9, these cells are termed TH9 cells. Recently, the role of TH9 and its signature cytokine (IL-9) has been investigated in a wide range of diseases, including autoimmunity, allergy, infections, cancer and immunodeficiency. Herein, we review the most recent data concerning TH9 cells and IL-9 as well as their roles in disease. These insights suggest that TH9 cells are a future target for therapeutic intervention.
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32
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Yu Q, Yu X, Zhao W, Zhu M, Wang Z, Zhang J, Huang M, Zeng X. Inhibition of H3K27me3 demethylases attenuates asthma by reversing the shift in airway smooth muscle phenotype. Clin Exp Allergy 2018; 48:1439-1452. [PMID: 30084510 DOI: 10.1111/cea.13244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The shift in airway smooth muscle cells (ASMCs) phenotype between proliferation and contraction during asthma has been reported recently, highlighting a role of ASMCs plasticity in the pathophysiology of asthma. As an event involved in epigenetic post-translational modification, histone H3 lysine27 (H3K27) demethylation has attracted significant attention with respect to the epigenetic changes in diverse cells; however, little is known about its contribution to the switching of ASMCs phenotype in asthma. OBJECTIVE To investigate the role of trimethylated H3K27 (H3k27me3) demethylation in ASM remodelling as well as the underling mechanism. METHODS Mice were exposed five times a week to house dust mite (HDM) extract for 5 weeks. Lung function was measured following the final HDM challenge. Airway inflammation and remodelling were then assessed in lungs of individual mice. Human ASMCs were purchased from Sciencell Research Laboratories. Proliferation, synthesis, migration and contraction of ASMCs were analysed, respectively. RESULTS We observed demethylation at H3k27me3 sites in lungs harvested from mice exposed to HDM extract. Administration of a selective inhibitor of H3K27 demethylase (GSK-J4) could ameliorate the classical hallmarks of asthma, such as airway hyperresponsiveness, airway inflammation and remodelling. We established a proliferative as well as a contractive model of human ASMCs to explore the impacts of H3K27 demethylase inhibition on ASMCs phenotype. Our results indicated that GSK-J4 decreased ASMCs proliferation and migration elicited by PDGF through the Akt/JNK signalling; GSK-J4 also prevented the upregulation of contractile proteins in ASMCs induced by TGF-β through the Smad3 pathway. CONCLUSIONS Inhibition of H3K27me3 demethylation alleviated the development of asthmatic airway disease in vivo and modulated ASMCs phenotype in vitro. Collectively, our findings highlight a role of H3K27me3 demethylation in experimental asthma and ASMCs phenotype switch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qijun Yu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaowei Yu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Changzhou Second People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenxue Zhao
- Department of Medicine, Lung Biology Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Manni Zhu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhengxia Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiaxiang Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mao Huang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoning Zeng
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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Garo LP, Beynon V, Murugaiyan G. Flow Cytometric Assessment of STAT Molecules in Th9 Cells. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1585:127-140. [PMID: 28477192 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-6877-0_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
IL-9-producing Th9 cells are a novel subset of T helper cells that develop independently of other T helper subsets. Th9 cells have been implicated in the pathogenesis of allergic asthma and autoimmunity, while also serving as critical effector T cells in mediating antitumor immune responses. Concomitant presence of TGF-β and IL-4 lead to the differentiation of naïve CD4+ T cells towards the Th9 phenotype. In addition, several cytokines, including IL-1β, IL-2, IL-25, and IL-33, further amplify Th9 responses. Negative regulators of Th9 cells include other cytokines such as IFN-γ, IL-23, and IL-27. Here, we describe a detailed protocol for the analysis of STAT molecules involved in the differentiation of Th9 cells and Th9 inhibition by IL-27.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucien P Garo
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Vanessa Beynon
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gopal Murugaiyan
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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34
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Wan S, Sun X, Wu F, Yu Z, Wang L, Lin D, Li Z, Wu Z, Sun X. Chi3l3: a potential key orchestrator of eosinophil recruitment in meningitis induced by Angiostrongylus cantonensis. J Neuroinflammation 2018; 15:31. [PMID: 29391024 PMCID: PMC5796390 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-018-1071-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Angiostrongylus cantonensis, an important foodborne parasite, can induce serious eosinophilic meningitis in non-permissive hosts, such as mouse and human. However, the characteristics and mechanisms of the infection are still poorly understood. This study sought to determine the key molecules and its underlying mechanism in inducing brain eosinophilic infiltration caused by Angiostrongylus cantonensis. METHODS Mathematical models were established for prediction of significantly changing genes and the functional associated protein with RNA-seq data in Angiostrongylus cantonensis infection. The expression level of Chi3l3, the predicted key molecule, was verified using Western blotting and real-time quantitative PCR. Critical cell source of Chi3l3 and its relationship with eosinophils were identified with flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry, and further verified by macrophage depletion using liposomal clodronate. The role of soluble antigens of Angiostrongylus cantonensis in eosinophilic response was identified with mice airway allergy model by intranasal administration of Alternaria alternate. The relationship between Chi3l3 and IL-13 was identified with flow cytometry, Western blotting, and Seahorse Bioscience extracellular flux analyzer. RESULTS We analyzed the skewed cytokine pattern in brains of Angiostrongylus cantonensis-infected mice and found Chi3l3 to be an important molecule, which increased sharply during the infection. The percentage of inflammatory macrophages, the main source of Chi3l3, also increased, in line with eosinophils percentage in the brain. Network analysis and mathematical modeling predirect a functional association between Chi3l3 and IL-13. Further experiments verified that the soluble antigen of Angiostrongylus cantonensis induce brain eosinophilic meningitis via aggravating a positive feedback loop between IL-13 and Chi3l3. CONCLUSIONS We present evidences in favor of a key role for macrophave-derived Chi3l3 molecule in the infection of Angiostrongylus cantonensis, which aggravates eosinophilic meningitis induced by Angiostrongylus cantonensis via a IL-13-mediated positive feedback loop. These reported results constitute a starting point for future research of angiostrongyliasis pathogenesis and imply that targeting chitinases and chitinase-like-proteins may be clinically beneficial in Angiostrongylus cantonensis-induced eosinophilic meningitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Wan
- Department of Parasitology of Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, No.74 Zhongshan Road.2, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (SYSU), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China.,Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (SYSU), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China.,Institute of Human Disease Genomics, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Feng Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Zilong Yu
- Department of Parasitology of Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, No.74 Zhongshan Road.2, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (SYSU), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China.,Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Lifu Wang
- Department of Parasitology of Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, No.74 Zhongshan Road.2, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (SYSU), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China.,Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Datao Lin
- Department of Parasitology of Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, No.74 Zhongshan Road.2, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (SYSU), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China.,Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Zhengyu Li
- Department of neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330000, China
| | - Zhongdao Wu
- Department of Parasitology of Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, No.74 Zhongshan Road.2, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China. .,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (SYSU), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China. .,Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China.
| | - Xi Sun
- Department of Parasitology of Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, No.74 Zhongshan Road.2, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China. .,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (SYSU), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China. .,Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China.
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Kale SD, Ayubi T, Chung D, Tubau-Juni N, Leber A, Dang HX, Karyala S, Hontecillas R, Lawrence CB, Cramer RA, Bassaganya-Riera J. Modulation of Immune Signaling and Metabolism Highlights Host and Fungal Transcriptional Responses in Mouse Models of Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:17096. [PMID: 29213115 PMCID: PMC5719083 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-17000-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Incidences of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis, an infection caused predominantly by Aspergillus fumigatus, have increased due to the growing number of immunocompromised individuals. While A. fumigatus is reliant upon deficiencies in the host to facilitate invasive disease, the distinct mechanisms that govern the host-pathogen interaction remain enigmatic, particularly in the context of distinct immune modulating therapies. To gain insights into these mechanisms, RNA-Seq technology was utilized to sequence RNA derived from lungs of 2 clinically relevant, but immunologically distinct murine models of IPA on days 2 and 3 post inoculation when infection is established and active disease present. Our findings identify notable differences in host gene expression between the chemotherapeutic and steroid models at the interface of immunity and metabolism. RT-qPCR verified model specific and nonspecific expression of 23 immune-associated genes. Deep sequencing facilitated identification of highly expressed fungal genes. We utilized sequence similarity and gene expression to categorize the A. fumigatus putative in vivo secretome. RT-qPCR suggests model specific gene expression for nine putative fungal secreted proteins. Our analysis identifies contrasting responses by the host and fungus from day 2 to 3 between the two models. These differences may help tailor the identification, development, and deployment of host- and/or fungal-targeted therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiv D Kale
- Nutrional Immunology and Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Biocomplexity Institute of Virginia Tech., Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA.
| | - Tariq Ayubi
- Nutrional Immunology and Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Biocomplexity Institute of Virginia Tech., Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Dawoon Chung
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
- National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea, Seochun-gun, 33662, Republic of Korea
| | - Nuria Tubau-Juni
- Nutrional Immunology and Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Biocomplexity Institute of Virginia Tech., Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Andrew Leber
- Nutrional Immunology and Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Biocomplexity Institute of Virginia Tech., Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Ha X Dang
- Nutrional Immunology and Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Biocomplexity Institute of Virginia Tech., Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
- McDonnell Genome Institute at Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63108, USA
| | - Saikumar Karyala
- Nutrional Immunology and Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Biocomplexity Institute of Virginia Tech., Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Raquel Hontecillas
- Nutrional Immunology and Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Biocomplexity Institute of Virginia Tech., Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | | | - Robert A Cramer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
| | - Josep Bassaganya-Riera
- Nutrional Immunology and Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Biocomplexity Institute of Virginia Tech., Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
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Li Y, Yu Q, Zhao W, Zhang J, Liu W, Huang M, Zeng X. Oligomeric proanthocyanidins attenuate airway inflammation in asthma by inhibiting dendritic cells maturation. Mol Immunol 2017; 91:209-217. [PMID: 28963930 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2017.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
To date, although a promising anti-inflammatory activity of oligomeric proanthocyanidins (OPCs) has been observed in asthma, the mechanism responsible for these immunomodulatory properties remains obscure. Dendritic cells (DCs) that reside in the airway have been widely perceived as an important contributor to asthma. Our study was to demonstrate OPCs' effects on maturation and immunoregulation of pulmonary CD11c+ dendritic cells (DCs). BALB/c mice were exposed to ovalbumin (OVA) to induce murine model of asthma. In addition, pulmonary DCs and bone marrow-derived DCs (BMDCs) cultures were used to evaluate impacts of OPCs on DCs function. The results obtained here indicated that OPCs treatment dramatically reduced airway inflammation, such as the infiltration of inflammatory cells and the levels of allergen-specific serum IgE and Th2 cytokines. The expression of co-stimulatory molecules especially CD86 distributed on pulmonary DCs and bone marrow-derived DCs (BMDCs) also markedly declined. The phosphorylation of cAMP responsive element-binding protein (CREB) was significantly inhibited while no changes were observed in the expression of cAMP responsive element modulator (CREM). By transferring BMDCs into the airways of naïve mice, we found that OPCs-treated DCs (DC+OVA+OPC) were much less potent in promoting CD4+ T cells proliferation than OVA-pulsed DCs (DC+OVA), followed by the ameliorated eosinophilic inflammation in airway. Our findings tailor a novel profile of OPCs in the regulation of DCs function, shedding new light on the therapeutic potential of OPCs in asthma management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeshan Li
- Department of Respiratory & Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Qijun Yu
- Department of Respiratory & Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Wenxue Zhao
- Lung Biology Center, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
| | - Jiaxiang Zhang
- Department of Respiratory & Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Wentao Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, 140 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210017, China
| | - Mao Huang
- Department of Respiratory & Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China.
| | - Xiaoning Zeng
- Department of Respiratory & Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China.
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Enhanced expression of PD-L1 and IFN-γ on dendritic cells is associated with BCG-induced Th2 inhibition. Cytokine 2017; 99:163-172. [PMID: 28917991 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2017.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence indicates that the exposure to Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) prevents the development of allergy and the airway dendritic cells (DCs) may be involved in this protective effect. However, studies to better characterize the specific interactions between BCG and DCs and their role in this mycobacteria-mediated Th2 cell suppression are still ongoing. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the neonatal BCG vaccination in the innate immune response in a mouse model of ovalbumin (OVA)-induced airway inflammation. BCG treated neonatal BALB/c mice were sensitized and challenged with aerosolized OVA. Twenty-four hours after the last challenge, samples were collected for analysis. The intranasal BCG treatment inhibited the allergic Th2-response by decreasing the allergen-induced eosinophilic inflammation, EPO activity, CCL11, IL-25, TSLP, IL-4 and IL-5 lung levels, and serum levels of IgE. Mycobacteria treatment increased lung levels of IL-10 and TGF-β, and the TLR2 and TLR4 expressions by pulmonary CD11c+CD103+CD8α+ DCs. Additionally an enhanced expression of PD-L1 was observed besides an increased production of IFN-γ by these cells. These results indicated that neonatal BCG vaccination inhibits key features of allergic airway inflammation, probably by promoting T regulatory immune response via an enhanced expression of TLR2, TLR4 and PD-L1 on DCs.
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Perucci LO, Sugimoto MA, Gomes KB, Dusse LM, Teixeira MM, Sousa LP. Annexin A1 and specialized proresolving lipid mediators: promoting resolution as a therapeutic strategy in human inflammatory diseases. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2017; 21:879-896. [PMID: 28786708 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2017.1364363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The timely resolution of inflammation is essential to restore tissue homeostasis and to avoid chronic inflammatory diseases. Resolution of inflammation is an active process modulated by various proresolving mediators, including annexin A1 (AnxA1) and specialized proresolving lipid mediators (SPMs), which counteract excessive inflammatory responses and stimulate proresolving mechanisms. Areas covered: The protective effects of AnxA1 and SPMs have been extensively explored in pre-clinical animal models. However, studies investigating the function of these molecules in human diseases are just emerging. This review highlights recent advances on the role of proresolving mediators, and pharmacological opportunities of promoting resolution pathways in preclinical models and patients with various human diseases. Expert opinion: Dysregulation or 'failure' in proresolving mechanisms might be involved in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory diseases. Altered levels of proresolving mediators were found in a wide range of human diseases. In some cases, AnxA1 and SPMs are up-regulated in human blood and tissues but fail to engage in proresolving signaling and, hence, to regulate excessive inflammation. Thus, the new concept of 'resolution pharmacology' could be applied to compensate deficiency of endogenous proresolving mediators' generation and/or possible failures in the engagement of resolution pathways observed in many chronic inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiza Oliveira Perucci
- a Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia , Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte , Minas Gerais , Brazil.,b Programa de Pós-Graduação em Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas , Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte , Minas Gerais , Brazil
| | - Michelle Amantéa Sugimoto
- a Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia , Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte , Minas Gerais , Brazil.,c Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas , Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte , Minas Gerais , Brazil
| | - Karina Braga Gomes
- a Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia , Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte , Minas Gerais , Brazil.,b Programa de Pós-Graduação em Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas , Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte , Minas Gerais , Brazil
| | - Luci Maria Dusse
- a Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia , Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte , Minas Gerais , Brazil.,b Programa de Pós-Graduação em Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas , Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte , Minas Gerais , Brazil.,c Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas , Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte , Minas Gerais , Brazil
| | - Mauro Martins Teixeira
- d Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas , Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte , Minas Gerais , Brazil
| | - Lirlândia Pires Sousa
- a Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia , Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte , Minas Gerais , Brazil.,b Programa de Pós-Graduação em Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas , Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte , Minas Gerais , Brazil.,c Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas , Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte , Minas Gerais , Brazil
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Th2 related markers in milk allergic inflammatory mice model, versus OVA. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2017; 15:453-461. [PMID: 30647686 PMCID: PMC6296581 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgeb.2017.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Revised: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Experimental studies on allergic asthma are limited by the high cost of the administrated allergens. In this study we tested the allergic potency of low fat milk as a cheap substitute to the widely used standard allergen, ovalbumin (OVA). BALB/c female mice (4 weeks old) were sensitized intraperitoneally with low fat milk/or OVA followed by intranasal challenge with the two allergens on days 28 and 29. At day 31, serum, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), and lungs were harvested. Mice of the low fat milk model showed infiltration of eosinophils, macrophages, lymphocytes, and neutrophils in BALF comparable to that of the OVA model. Both allergic protocols led to the production of similar numbers of Th2 cells and induced comparable expression of Th2 cytokine (IL-13) as evident by real time PCR for IL-13 and GATA3 (Th2 transcription factor) and confirmed by immunofluorescence for Th2 surface markers (T1/ST2). In addition, both mouse models had similar elevated levels of allergen specific antibody, IgG1 and IgE. Notably, HE, PAS, and LUNA stained lung sections from low fat milk treated mice had higher average pathological scores as compared to OVA treated mice. In conclusion, this study suggests that the low fat milk-induced inflammation showed hallmarks of allergic airway inflammatory model such as eosinophilic influx in BALF, increased numbers of Th2 cells, augmented expression of IL-13, elevated levels of circulatory IgG1 and IgE, signs of robust pulmonary inflammation, and most importantly it is a cheap and promising model for studying acute allergic airway inflammation and acute asthma.
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Jia L, Wang Y, Li J, Li S, Zhang Y, Shen J, Tan W, Wu C. Detection of IL-9 producing T cells in the PBMCs of allergic asthmatic patients. BMC Immunol 2017; 18:38. [PMID: 28724400 PMCID: PMC5517817 DOI: 10.1186/s12865-017-0220-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interleukin-9 (IL-9) was reported as an active participant in the pathogenesis of allergic asthma. This study aimed to investigate the major source ofIL-9 and its effect on interferon γ (IFN-γ) and immunoglobulin (Ig) secretion by B cells. METHODS We isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells from children with allergic asthma and healthy children. IL-9, IL-4 and IFN-γ expression were detected by ELISA, ELISpot and Flowcytometry. Expression of transcription factor PU.1 was measured by Western Blot. We evaluated the effect of IL-9 on B cell activation and Ig production. RESULTS Results showed that compared with healthy children, levels of IL-9, IL-4 and PU.1 were elevated and levels of IFN-γ were lower in children with allergic asthma. IL-9-expressing CD4+ T cells did not co-express IL-4. Exogenous IL-9 inhibited IFN-γ production in a dose-dependent manner. Antigen-specific Th9 cells existed in children with house dust mite allergic asthma. IL-9 up-regulated expression of CD69 and CD25 on B cells and combination of IL-9 and IL-4 enhanced IgE production. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, our results showed that Th9 cells may be the major source of IL-9 in children with allergic asthma. In these patients, IL-9 impairs IFN-γ production and synergistically promotes IL-4-induced IgE secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Jia
- Institute of Immunology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Ying Wang
- The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510600, China
| | - Jiangping Li
- Institute of Immunology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Sha Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Yannan Zhang
- Institute of Immunology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Juan Shen
- Institute of Immunology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Weiping Tan
- Department of Pediatrics, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
| | - Changyou Wu
- Institute of Immunology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
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Li J, Chen S, Xiao X, Zhao Y, Ding W, Li XC. IL-9 and Th9 cells in health and diseases-From tolerance to immunopathology. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2017; 37:47-55. [PMID: 28739029 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2017.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
CD4+ T cells have the capacity to differentiate into various T helper (Th) cell subsets after activation, and by acquiring distinct cytokine profiles and effector functions, they regulate the nature as well as the outcomes of immune responses. Th9 cells are a relatively new member in the Th cell family. The signature cytokine for Th9 cells is IL-9, a cytokine in the IL-2Rγc-chain family. Over the past few years, there has been an explosion of knowledge on the roles of Th9 cells in immunity and immunopathology, but the exact mechanisms in the control of Th9 cells remain poorly defined. This apparent paradox presents both challenges and opportunities. Here we review recent advances in our understanding of the fundamental biology of IL-9 and Th9 cells, highlighting the challenges and unanswered questions in the field. We also discuss potential opportunities in targeting Th9 cells for therapeutic purposes in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhui Li
- Immunobiology and Transplant Science Center, Houston Methodist Hospital and Houston Methodist Research Institute, Texas Medical Center, Houston, TX, United States; Center for Organ Transplantation, The 3rd Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shuqiu Chen
- Immunobiology and Transplant Science Center, Houston Methodist Hospital and Houston Methodist Research Institute, Texas Medical Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Xiang Xiao
- Immunobiology and Transplant Science Center, Houston Methodist Hospital and Houston Methodist Research Institute, Texas Medical Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Yong Zhao
- Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjun Ding
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xian C Li
- Immunobiology and Transplant Science Center, Houston Methodist Hospital and Houston Methodist Research Institute, Texas Medical Center, Houston, TX, United States.
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Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells are functionally diverse subsets of immune cells including the conventional natural killer cells, lymphoid tissue inducers, type 1, 2, and 3 with significant roles in immunity and pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases. Type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) resemble type 2 helper (Th2) cells in cytokine production and contribute to anti-helminth immunity, maintaining mucosal tissue integrity, and adipose tissue browning. ILC2s play important roles in the pathogenesis of allergic diseases and asthma. Studying the pathways of activation and regulation of ILC2s are currently a priority for giving a better understanding of pathogenesis of diseases with immunological roots. Recently, our laboratory and others have shown several pathways of regulation of ILC2s by co-stimulatory molecules such as ICOS, regulatory T cells and by compounds such as nicotine. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the mechanisms of activation and regulation of ILC2s and the role of these cells in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadi Maazi
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90033, USA
| | - Omid Akbari
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90033, USA
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Exacerbation of oxygen-glucose deprivation-induced blood-brain barrier disruption: potential pathogenic role of interleukin-9 in ischemic stroke. Clin Sci (Lond) 2017; 131:1499-1513. [PMID: 28550144 DOI: 10.1042/cs20170984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Revised: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-9 exerts a variety of functions in autoimmune diseases. However, its role in ischemic brain injury remains unknown. The present study explored the biological effects of IL-9 in ischemic stroke (IS). We recruited 42 patients newly diagnosed with IS and 22 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. The expression levels of IL-9 and percentages of IL-9-producing T cells, including CD3+CD4+IL-9+ and CD3+CD8+IL-9+ cells, were determined in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) obtained from patients and control individuals. We also investigated the effects of IL-9 on the blood-brain barrier (BBB) following oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) and the potential downstream signaling pathways. We found that patients with IS had higher IL-9 expression levels and increased percentages of IL-9-producing T cells in their PBMCs. The percentages of CD3+CD4+IL-9+ and CD3+CD8+IL-9+ T cells were positively correlated with the severity of illness. In in vitro experiments using bEnd.3 cells, exogenously administered IL-9 exacerbated the loss of tight junction proteins (TJPs) in cells subjected to OGD plus reoxygenation (RO). This effect was mediated via activation of IL-9 receptors, which increased the level of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), as well as through up-regulated phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 and 3 and down-regulated phosphorylated protein kinase B/phosphorylated phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling. These results indicate that IL-9 has a destructive effect on the BBB following OGD, at least in part by inducing eNOS production, and raise the possibility of targetting IL-9 for therapeutic intervention in IS.
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Maazi H, Banie H, Aleman Muench GR, Patel N, Wang B, Sankaranarayanan I, Bhargava V, Sato T, Lewis G, Cesaroni M, Karras J, Das A, Soroosh P, Akbari O. Activated plasmacytoid dendritic cells regulate type 2 innate lymphoid cell-mediated airway hyperreactivity. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2017; 141:893-905.e6. [PMID: 28579374 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2017.04.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Revised: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allergic asthma is a prevalent inflammatory disease of the airways caused by dysregulated immune balance in the lungs with incompletely understood pathogenesis. The recently identified type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) play significant roles in the pathogenesis of asthma. Although ILC2-activating factors have been identified, the mechanisms that suppress ILC2s remain largely unknown. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are important in antiviral immunity and in maintaining tolerance to inert antigens. OBJECTIVE We sought to address the role of pDCs in regulating ILC2 function and ILC2-mediated airway hyperreactivity (AHR) and lung inflammation. METHODS We used several murine models, including BDCA-2-diphtheria toxin receptor (DTR) transgenic and IFN-α receptor 1-deficient mice, as well as purified primary ILC2s, to reach our objective. We extended and validated our findings to human ILC2s. RESULTS We show that activation of pDCs through Toll-like receptor 7/8 suppresses ILC2-mediated AHR and airway inflammation and that depletion of pDCs reverses this suppression. We further show that pDCs suppress cytokine production and the proliferation rate while increasing the apoptosis rate of ILC2s through IFN-α production. Transcriptomic analysis of both human and murine ILC2s confirms the activation of regulatory pathways in ILC2s by IFN-α. CONCLUSION Activation of pDCs alleviates AHR and airway inflammation by suppressing ILC2 function and survival. Our findings reveal a novel regulatory pathway in ILC2-mediated pulmonary inflammation with important clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadi Maazi
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Calif
| | | | | | - Nisheel Patel
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Calif
| | - Bowen Wang
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Calif
| | - Ishwarya Sankaranarayanan
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Calif
| | - Vipul Bhargava
- Janssen Research and Development, Spring House, Philadelphia, Pa
| | - Takahiro Sato
- Janssen Research and Development, Spring House, Philadelphia, Pa
| | - Gavin Lewis
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Calif; Janssen Research and Development, San Diego, Calif
| | - Matteo Cesaroni
- Janssen Research and Development, Spring House, Philadelphia, Pa
| | - James Karras
- Janssen Research and Development, San Diego, Calif
| | - Anuk Das
- Janssen Research and Development, Spring House, Philadelphia, Pa
| | | | - Omid Akbari
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Calif.
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Olson MR, Ulrich BJ, Hummel SA, Khan I, Meuris B, Cherukuri Y, Dent AL, Janga SC, Kaplan MH. Paracrine IL-2 Is Required for Optimal Type 2 Effector Cytokine Production. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 198:4352-4359. [PMID: 28468971 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1601792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
IL-2 is a pleiotropic cytokine that promotes the differentiation of Th cell subsets, including Th1, Th2, and Th9 cells, but it impairs the development of Th17 and T follicular helper cells. Although IL-2 is produced by all polarized Th subsets to some level, how it impacts cytokine production when effector T cells are restimulated is unknown. We show in this article that Golgi transport inhibitors (GTIs) blocked IL-9 production. Mechanistically, GTIs blocked secretion of IL-2 that normally feeds back in a paracrine manner to promote STAT5 activation and IL-9 production. IL-2 feedback had no effect on Th1- or Th17-signature cytokine production, but it promoted Th2- and Th9-associated cytokine expression. These data suggest that the use of GTIs results in an underestimation of the presence of type 2 cytokine-secreting cells and highlight IL-2 as a critical component in optimal cytokine production by Th2 and Th9 cells in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R Olson
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202;
| | - Benjamin J Ulrich
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202
| | - Sarah A Hummel
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202
| | - Ibrahim Khan
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202
| | - Brice Meuris
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202
| | - Yesesri Cherukuri
- School of Informatics and Computing, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202; and
| | - Alexander L Dent
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202
| | - Sarath Chandra Janga
- School of Informatics and Computing, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202; and
| | - Mark H Kaplan
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202; .,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202
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Ciccia F, Guggino G, Ferrante A, Cipriani P, Giacomelli R, Triolo G. Interleukin-9 and T helper type 9 cells in rheumatic diseases. Clin Exp Immunol 2017; 185:125-32. [PMID: 27159882 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Revised: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-9 is a 28-30 kDa monomeric glycosylated polypeptide belonging to the IL-7/IL-9 family of proteins that bind to a composite receptor consisting of the private receptor IL-9R and the IL-2 receptor, gamma (IL-2RG), a common gamma subunit shared by the receptors of many different cytokines. The IL-9R is expressed widely and IL-9 impacts a number of effector cells, such as effector T cells, B cells, innate lymphoid cells, mast cells, polymorphonuclear cells, epithelial cells and smooth muscle cells, playing an important role in regulating inflammatory immunity. The critical role of IL-9 in promoting cellular and humoral immune responses makes it an important focus of potential therapeutic interventions. Recently, a defined subset of T helper type cells, Th9 cells, has been identified by the potent production of IL-9. The involvement of the Th9 cell subset has been described in many types of inflammatory diseases, namely atopic diseases, helminth infections, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and ulcerative colitis. In this review, we summarize the IL-9 biological activities, highlighting roles for IL-9 and Th9 cells in rheumatoid and psoriatic arthritis, systemic vasculitis, systemic lupus erythematosus and systemic sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Ciccia
- Dipartimento Biomedico di Medicina Interna e Specialistica, Sezione di Reumatologia, University of Palermo, Palermo
| | - G Guggino
- Dipartimento Biomedico di Medicina Interna e Specialistica, Sezione di Reumatologia, University of Palermo, Palermo
| | - A Ferrante
- Dipartimento Biomedico di Medicina Interna e Specialistica, Sezione di Reumatologia, University of Palermo, Palermo
| | - P Cipriani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche Applicate e Biotecnologiche, Sezione di Reumatologia, Università di L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - R Giacomelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche Applicate e Biotecnologiche, Sezione di Reumatologia, Università di L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - G Triolo
- Dipartimento Biomedico di Medicina Interna e Specialistica, Sezione di Reumatologia, University of Palermo, Palermo
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Shin JH, Kim DH, Kim BY, Kim SW, Hwang SH, Lee J, Kim SW. Anti-Interleukin-9 Antibody Increases the Effect of Allergen-Specific Immunotherapy in Murine Allergic Rhinitis. ALLERGY, ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH 2017; 9:237-246. [PMID: 28293930 PMCID: PMC5352575 DOI: 10.4168/aair.2017.9.3.237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Revised: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Interleukin (IL)-9 induces allergic responses; however, the roles of anti-IL-9 antibody in the induction of tolerance remain unclear. This study investigated the effects of anti-IL-9 antibody on oral tolerance (OT) in a mouse model of allergic rhinitis (AR). Methods BALB/c mice were divided into 4 groups: the control, AR, OT, and OT with anti-IL-9 antibody (OT+IL9AB) groups. Ovalbumin (OVA) was used for sensitization and challenge. Mice in the OT and OT+IL9AB groups were fed OVA for immunotherapy. During immunotherapy, OT+IL9AB mice were injected with anti-IL-9 antibody. Allergic symptoms, tissue eosinophil counts, and serum OVA-specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) were measured. The mRNA expressions of cytokines and transcription factors of T cells of nasal mucosa were determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The protein levels of GATA3, ROR-γt, and Foxp3 in nasal mucosa were determined by Western blot. CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ T cells in the spleen were analyzed by flow cytometry. Results Administration of anti-IL-9 antibody decreased allergic symptoms, OVA-specific IgE levels, and eosinophil counts. In addition, it inhibited T-helper (Th) 2 responses, but had no effect on Th1 responses. Protein levels of ROR-γt and mRNA levels of PU.1 and ROR-γt were reduced by anti-IL-9 antibody. Anti-IL-9 antibody increased Foxp3 and IL-10 mRNA expression, Foxp3 protein, and induction of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ T cells. Conclusions Anti-IL-9 antibody decreased allergic inflammation through suppression of Th2 and Th17 cells. Anti-IL-9 antibody enhanced the tolerogenic effects of regulatory T cells. These results suggest that anti-IL-9 antibody might represent a potential therapeutic agent for allergen immunotherapy in patients with uncontrolled allergic airway disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hyeon Shin
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Do Hyun Kim
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Boo Young Kim
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Won Kim
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Se Hwan Hwang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joohyung Lee
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soo Whan Kim
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
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Meylan F, Gomez-Rodriguez J. T Cell Receptor and Co-Stimulatory Signals for Th9 Generation. Methods Mol Biol 2017; 1585:59-71. [PMID: 28477187 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-6877-0_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In vitro polarization of naïve CD4+ T cells toward distinct T helper lineages is crucial for establishing the factors and features that determine the differentiation, stability, and effector function for each T helper subsets. In this regard, the recently defined Th9 subset has been reported with two essential cytokines requirement for their generation. Generating Th9 cells in vitro from naïve CD4+ T cells requires the combination of TGF-β and IL-4. However, the amount of IL-9 producing under these minimal conditions is often small. The intent of this chapter is to provide examples to increase the generation of IL-9 producing T cells in vitro by modulating TCR strength and co-stimulation through the TNF family member TL1A. We hope that these methods to efficiently differentiate naïve CD4+ T cells toward IL-9 producing cells will facilitate understanding the differentiation and function of Th9 cells and their pathogenesis in various inflammatory and autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Françoise Meylan
- Immunoregulation Section, Autoimmunity Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Building 10, Room 13C120, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - Julio Gomez-Rodriguez
- Genetic Disease Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike., Bldg. 49, Room 4C64, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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49
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Abstract
IL-9-producing T helper cells (Th9) have recently emerged as an important T cell subset contributing to the pathogenicity of allergic diseases. Here, we describe the role of Th9 cells in allergic inflammation and provide detailed protocols to characterize IL-9-producing T cells and analyze OVA-specific IL-9 production in allergic lung diseases using a mouse model of OVA-induced chronic allergic lung inflammation.
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Ma Y, Zhang JX, Liu YN, Ge A, Gu H, Zha WJ, Zeng XN, Huang M. Caffeic acid phenethyl ester alleviates asthma by regulating the airway microenvironment via the ROS-responsive MAPK/Akt pathway. Free Radic Biol Med 2016; 101:163-175. [PMID: 27746262 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Revised: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In the pathophysiology of asthma, structural cell dysfunction and concomitant microenvironment changes in airways are crucial to pathological progression, which involves oxidative stress. Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) is an active anti-oxidative component obtained from propolis, and has been shown to have beneficial effects on several respiratory disorders, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and lung cancer. However, the impact of CAPE on asthma is not well understood. Therefore, this study investigated the advantages of using CAPE to treat asthma and demonstrated the roles of CAPE in the regulation of airway microenvironments. In ovalbumin (OVA)-sensitized mice, CAPE treatments notably reduced airway hyperresponsiveness, attenuated extensive inflammatory cell infiltration and inhibited goblet cell hyperplasia and collagen deposition and fibrosis. In addition, CAPE improved the airway microenvironment in a dose-dependent manner by inhibiting OVA-induced increases in immunoglobulin E, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13 and suppressing matrix metalloproteinase-9 and alpha-smooth muscle actin expression as well as malondialdehyde production. To determine the underlying mechanisms responsible for these effects, we used TNF-α-stimulated BECs and TGF-β1-challenged human ASMCs to explore the impacts of CAPE on pro-inflammatory proteins and ASMC proliferation. The results indicated that CAPE significantly limited the secretion of eotaxin-1, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, IL-8 and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and dramatically inhibited the proliferation of ASMCs. These effects were shown to be associated with decreased reactive oxidant species (ROS) levels. The phosphorylation of Akt and Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) caused by increased ROS was significantly decreased by CAPE, which implied a contribution of ROS-MAPK/Akt signaling to the attenuation of asthma. Our findings indicated for the first time that CAPE alleviates airway inflammation and remodeling in chronic asthma by balancing the airway microenvironment, which highlights a novel profile of CAPE as a potent agent for asthma management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Ma
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Jia-Xiang Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Ya-Nan Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China; Department of Respiratory Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, 99 Huaihai West Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221000, China
| | - Ai Ge
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Hao Gu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Wang-Jian Zha
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Xiao-Ning Zeng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China.
| | - Mao Huang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China.
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