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Wei M, Yang H, Shao Z, Wan H, Wang Y, Chen W. Effect of Chloroquine on Type 2 Inflammatory Response in MC903-Induced Atopic Dermatitis Mice. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2024; 17:1093-1105. [PMID: 38765196 PMCID: PMC11102162 DOI: 10.2147/ccid.s440308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic, non-infectious inflammatory dermatosis. Chloroquine (CQ) has long been proven to possess anti-inflammatory properties. Objective This paper aims to investigate the impact of CQ on type 2 inflammatory response in MC903-induced AD mice. Methods An AD mouse model was established via MC903 induction. After CQ treatment, AD mice were intraperitoneally injected with polyinosinic: polycyclic acid [poly (I:C)] or Nigericin. Dermatitis severity was scored, and the thickness of the left ear was measured. The pathological changes in mouse skin tissues were observed by H&E staining. The number of mast cells was counted via TB staining. The content of peripheral blood T-helper 2 (Th2) cells and levels of immunoglobulin E (IgE), thymic stromal-derived lymphopoietin (TSLP), interleukin (IL)-4, IL-13, interferon (IFN)-γ, IL-1β, and IL-18 were assessed by flow cytometry and ELISA. The levels of toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3), NLRP3, ASC, and cleaved caspase-1 proteins in skin tissues were determined by Western blot. Results CQ treatment abated dermatitis severity and left ear thickness in AD mice, alleviated skin damage, reduced mast cell number, diminished IgE, TSLP, IL-4, and IL-13 levels, and peripheral blood Th2 cell content, with no significant changes in IFN-γ level. CQ alleviated type 2 inflammatory response in AD mice by inhibiting the activation of TLR3. CQ suppressed NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Activating TLR3/NLRP3 annulled CQ-mediated alleviation on type 2 inflammatory response in AD mice. Conclusion CQ alleviated type 2 inflammatory response in AD mice by inhibiting TLR3 activation and NLRP3 inflammasome activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjing Wei
- Department of Dermatology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huixue Yang
- Department of Dermatology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhengchao Shao
- Department of Dermatology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haoyue Wan
- Department of Dermatology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yiheng Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenqi Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210000, People’s Republic of China
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Čelakovská J, Čermákova E, Boudková P, Andrýs C, Krejsek J. The association between expression of CD200 on B lymphocytes and the count of eosinophils and basophils in atopic dermatitis patients with and without dupilumab therapy - Pilot study. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 132:112023. [PMID: 38603859 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eosinophils and basophils are implicated in allergic reactions, and the molecule CD200 on B cells may have regulatory functions. Assessing the associations between the expression of CD200 on B lymphocytes and eosinophils and basophils helps unravel the complex immune interactions in atopic dermatitis, aiding in targeted therapeutic approaches. OBJECTIVE The aim of our study is to evaluate the association between the count of eosinophils, basophils, CD16+ eosinophils, CD203+ basophils, the expression of activation marker CD200 on B cells and on their subsets in patients suffering from atopic dermatitis with and without dupilumab and in control group. MATERIALS AND METHODS Altogether we examined 75 subjects: 45 patients suffering from atopic dermatitis -32 patients without dupilumab treatment, 13 patients with dupilumab treatment and 30 subjects as a control group. Immunophenotype was examined by flow cytometry in which monoclonal antibodies with fluorescent molecules were used. For statistical analysis we used non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis one-factor analysis of variance with post-hoc by Dunn's test with Bonferroni modification and the Spearman's rank correlation coefficient with calculation of R2 (%, percent of Variation Explained). RESULTS In patients with dupilumab therapy we confirmed the association between absolute eosinophils and expression of molecule CD200 on total B lymphocytes (in 23.9 %), non-switched (in 27.2 %), naive (in 25 %) and memory (in 20.3 %) B lymphocytes and between relative eosinophils and expression of CD200 on total B lymphocytes (in 22.8 % %), non-switched (in 29 %), naive (in 21.3 %) and memory (in 22.3 %) B lymphocytes. This association is low in AD patients without dupilumab and even non linear in control healthy subjects. CONCLUSION The higher association between eosinophils and expression of CD200 molecule on memory, naive and non switched B lymphocytes in AD patients under dupilumab therapy suggests that activation of B lymphocytes is caused by IL-4, whose production involves eosinophils and the CD200 molecule on B lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Čelakovská
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology Faculty Hospital and Medical Faculty of Charles University, Hradec Králové, 50002, Czech Republic.
| | - E Čermákova
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Medical Faculty of Charles University, Hradec Králové, 50002, Czech Republic
| | - P Boudková
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Faculty Hospital and Medical Faculty of Charles University, Hradec Králové, 50002, Czech Republic
| | - C Andrýs
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Faculty Hospital and Medical Faculty of Charles University, Hradec Králové, 50002, Czech Republic
| | - J Krejsek
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Faculty Hospital and Medical Faculty of Charles University, Hradec Králové, 50002, Czech Republic
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Gupta A, Song MH, Youn DH, Ku D, Sasidharan Nair V, Oh K. Prolyl hydroxylase inhibition protects against murine MC903-induced skin inflammation by downregulating TSLP. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1330011. [PMID: 38495889 PMCID: PMC10940402 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1330011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Previously, we reported an anti-inflammatory effect of mTORC1 in a mouse model of type 2 skin inflammation. TSLP, one of the epithelial cell-derived cytokines, was upregulated by Raptor deficiency or rapamycin treatment, which was inhibited by dimethyloxalylglycine (DMOG). However, it remains unclear how DMOG regulates TSLP expression and type 2 skin inflammation. In this study, we investigated the protective effect of DMOG on MC903 (calcipotriol)-induced type 2 skin inflammation. Morphological and immunological changes were assessed by H-E staining, flow cytometry and RT-qPCR. DMOG treatment attenuated MC903-induced skin inflammation in a T cell-independent manner. The anti-inflammatory effect of DMOG was accompanied by downregulation of TSLP and IL-33, and supplementation with recombinant TSLP and IL-33 abolished the effect of DMOG. MC903 increased ROS levels in skin tissue, which was prevented by DMOG. Furthermore, the ROS scavenger N-acetylcysteine (NAC) downregulated TSLP and ameliorated MC903-induced skin inflammation, as did DMOG. Finally, the effect of DMOG on ROS and TSLP was reduced by HIF knockdown. These results suggest that DMOG downregulates TSLP and ROS through the HIF pathway, which reduces MC903-induced skin inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anupriya Gupta
- Department of Pathology, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Hye Song
- Department of Pathology, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hyuk Youn
- Institute of New Frontier Research, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dohyeon Ku
- Department of Pathology, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Varun Sasidharan Nair
- Department Experimental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Kwonik Oh
- Department of Pathology, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Medical Science, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
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Čelakovská J, Čermáková E, Boudková P, Andrýs C, Krejsek J. The association between eosinophils (CD16 + eosinophils), basophils (CD203 + basophils), and CD23 B lymphocytes in patients with atopic dermatitis on dupilumab therapy: pilot study. Dermatol Ther (Heidelb) 2023; 13:1193-1210. [PMID: 37071375 PMCID: PMC10149537 DOI: 10.1007/s13555-023-00922-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eosinophils, basophils, and the molecule CD23 on B cells are involved in the pathophysiology of atopic dermatitis (AD). The molecule CD23 is involved in the regulation of IgE synthesis and is expressed by activated B cells. The molecule CD16 is used to assess the activation of eosinophils and CD203 of basophils. The association between the count of eosinophils, basophils, CD16+ eosinophils, CD203+ basophils and the expression of the activation marker CD23 on B cells in patients with AD (with and without dupilumab therapy) is not described. OBJECTIVE The aim of this pilot study is to evaluate the association between the blood count of eosinophils, basophils, relative CD16+ eosinophils, relative CD203+ basophils, and the expression of molecule CD23 on B cells and on their subsets (total, memory, naive, switched, non-switched) in patients suffering from AD (with and without dupilumab therapy) and in control group. METHODS A total of 45 patients suffering from AD were examined; 32 patients without dupilumab treatment (10 men, 22 women, average age 35 years), 13 patients with dupilumab treatment (7 men, 6 women, average age 43.4 years), and 30 subjects as a control group (10 men, 20 women, average age 44.7 years). Immunophenotype was examined by flow cytometry in which monoclonal antibodies with fluorescent molecules were used. For statistical analysis we used non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis one-factor analysis of variance with post hoc by Dunn's test with Bonferroni modification and the Spearman's rank correlation coefficient; for coefficients higher than 0.41, we report R2 (percent of variation explained). RESULTS The absolute count of eosinophils was significantly higher in patients with AD (with and without dupilumab) in comparison to healthy subjects. The difference in the relative count of CD16+ eosinophils in patients with AD (with and without dupilumab therapy) compared with control is not statistically significant. In patients with dupilumab therapy the significantly lower count of relative CD203+ basophils was confirmed compared with control. The higher association between the count of eosinophils (absolute and relative) and the expression of CD23 marker on B cells was confirmed in patients with dupilumab therapy; in contrast, this association was low in patients with AD without dupilumab therapy and in healthy subjects. CONCLUSION The higher association between the count of eosinophils (absolute and relative) and the expression of CD23 marker on B cells was confirmed in patients with AD under dupilumab therapy. It suggests that IL-4 production by eosinophils may play a role in B lymphocyte activation. The significantly lower count of CD203+ basophils has been demonstrated in patients with dupilumab therapy. This reduction of CD203+ basophil count may contribute to the therapeutic effects of dupilumab by reducing the inflammatory response and allergic reactions in patients with AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarmila Čelakovská
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty Hospital and Medical Faculty, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
| | - Eva Čermáková
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Medical Faculty, Charles University, 50002, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Boudková
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Faculty Hospital and Medical Faculty, Charles University, 50002, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Ctirad Andrýs
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Faculty Hospital and Medical Faculty, Charles University, 50002, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Krejsek
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Faculty Hospital and Medical Faculty, Charles University, 50002, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
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Gupta A, Lee K, Oh K. mTORC1 Deficiency Prevents the Development of MC903-Induced Atopic Dermatitis through the Downregulation of Type 2 Inflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:5968. [PMID: 36983043 PMCID: PMC10054228 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by eczema and itching. Recently, mTORC, a central regulator of cellular metabolism, has been reported to play a critical role in immune responses, and manipulation of mTORC pathways has emerged as an effective immunomodulatory drug. In this study, we assessed whether mTORC signaling could contribute to the development of AD in mice. AD-like skin inflammation was induced by a 7-day treatment of MC903 (calcipotriol), and ribosomal protein S6 was highly phosphorylated in inflamed tissues. MC903-induced skin inflammation was ameliorated significantly in Raptor-deficient mice and exacerbated in Pten-deficient mice. Eosinophil recruitment and IL-4 production were also decreased in Raptor deficient mice. In contrast to the pro-inflammatory roles of mTORC1 in immune cells, we observed an anti-inflammatory effect on keratinocytes. TSLP was upregulated in Raptor deficient mice or by rapamycin treatment, which was mediated by hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) signaling. Taken together, these results from our study indicate the dual roles of mTORC1 in the development of AD, and further studies on the role of HIF in AD are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anupriya Gupta
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Keunwook Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwonik Oh
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
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Song MH, Gupta A, Sasidharan Nair V, Oh K. CD4+ T cells play an essential role in chronic MC903-induced skin inflammation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 612:8-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.04.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Wan H, Yang H, Wei M, Chen W. Polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid aggravates calcipotriol-induced atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions in mice by increasing the expression of thymic stromal lymphopoietin. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2022; 10:209. [PMID: 35280398 PMCID: PMC8908153 DOI: 10.21037/atm-22-282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background Polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid [poly (I:C)] is a synthetic viral double-stranded RNA analog that can activate Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) and induce the release of thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP). TSLP has been shown to contribute to atopic dermatitis (AD). This study explored the effects of poly (I:C) in a calcipotriol-induced model of murine AD. Methods Calcipotriol (MC903) was used to establish AD-like mice model. Mice in the MC903 + poly (I:C) group were then treated with poly (I:C) in a concentration of 5 µg/g bodyweight. The impact of poly (I:C) treatment on these animals was assessed based upon changes in lesions, bodyweight, ear thickness, and histopathological findings. In addition, serum interleukin 4 (IL-4), interferon-γ (IFN-γ), immunoglobulin E (IgE), IL-13, and TSLP levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), while tissue IL-13 and TSLP levels were assessed using ELISA, Western blotting, and immunohistochemical staining, and mast cell infiltration was assessed through toluidine blue (TBO) staining. Results Relative to vehicle control treatment, poly (I:C) administration was associated with a significant exacerbation of calcipotriol-induced AD-like murine skin lesions. In animals treated with poly (I:C), the levels of serum IL-4, IL-13 and TSLP increased significantly, while the level of IFN-γ did not change. It also increased IL-13 and TSLP levels in skin lesions relative to the control-group mice and increased dermal mast cell infiltration and IgE production. Conclusions These data indicate that poly (I:C) treatment and exogenous activation of TLR3 exacerbate murine calcipotriol-induced AD-like skin lesions in part by increasing the production of TSLP and other T-helper 2 (Th2)-related cytokines. Keywords Atopic dermatitis (AD); polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid [poly (I:C)]; thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP); Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3)
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyue Wan
- Department of Dermatology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huixue Yang
- Department of Dermatology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mingjing Wei
- Department of Dermatology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenqi Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Pellefigues C, Naidoo K, Mehta P, Schmidt AJ, Jagot F, Roussel E, Cait A, Yumnam B, Chappell S, Meijlink K, Camberis M, Jiang JX, Painter G, Filbey K, Uluçkan Ö, Gasser O, Le Gros G. Basophils promote barrier dysfunction and resolution in the atopic skin. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2021; 148:799-812.e10. [PMID: 33662369 PMCID: PMC8410897 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2021.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The type 2 cytokines IL-4 and IL-13 promote not only atopic dermatitis (AD) but also the resolution of inflammation. How type 2 cytokines participate in the resolution of AD is poorly known. OBJECTIVE Our aim was to determine the mechanisms and cell types governing skin inflammation, barrier dysfunction, and resolution of inflammation in a model of AD. METHODS Mice that exhibit expression of IL-4, IL-13, and MCPT8 or that could be depleted of basophils or eosinophils, be deficient in IL-4 or MHC class II molecules, or have basophils lacking macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) were treated with calcipotriol (MC903) as an acute model of AD. Kinetics of the disease; keratinocyte differentiation; and leukocyte accumulation, phenotype, function, and cytokine production were measured by transepidermal water loss, histopathology, molecular biology, or unbiased analysis of spectral flow cytometry. RESULTS In this model of AD, basophils were activated systemically and were the initial and main source of IL-4 in the skin. Basophils and IL-4 promoted epidermal hyperplasia and skin barrier dysfunction by acting on keratinocyte differentiation during inflammation. Basophils, IL-4, and basophil-derived M-CSF inhibited the accumulation of proinflammatory cells in the skin while promoting the expansion and function of proresolution M2-like macrophages and the expression of probarrier genes. Basophils kept their proresolution properties during AD resolution. CONCLUSION Basophils can display both beneficial and detrimental type 2 functions simultaneously during atopic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Pellefigues
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Victoria University, Wellington, New Zealand; INSERM UMR1149, CNRS ERL8252, Centre de recherche sur l'inflammation, Inflamex, Université de Paris, Paris, France.
| | - Karmella Naidoo
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Victoria University, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Palak Mehta
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Victoria University, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Alfonso J Schmidt
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Victoria University, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Ferdinand Jagot
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Victoria University, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Elsa Roussel
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research (NIBR), Novartis, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alissa Cait
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Victoria University, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Bibek Yumnam
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Victoria University, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Sally Chappell
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Victoria University, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Kimberley Meijlink
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Victoria University, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Mali Camberis
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Victoria University, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Jean X Jiang
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Tex
| | - Gavin Painter
- Ferrier Research Institute, Victoria University, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Kara Filbey
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Victoria University, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Özge Uluçkan
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research (NIBR), Novartis, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Gasser
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Victoria University, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Graham Le Gros
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Victoria University, Wellington, New Zealand
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Xiao C, Sun Z, Gao J, Bai Y, Zhang C, Pang B, Qiao H, Fu M, Dang E, Wang G. Enhanced phenotype of calcipotriol-induced atopic dermatitis in filaggrin-deficient mice. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21574. [PMID: 33855746 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202002709r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Impaired function of filaggrin (FLG) is a major predisposing factor for atopic dermatitis (AD). Several studies on FLG-deficient (Flg-/- ) mice have indicated an essential role for FLG in the skin barrier and the development of AD, but none of the studies have described the characteristics on Flg-/- mice with calcipotriol (CPT)-induced atopic dermatitis, which restricts the comprehensive understanding of functions of FLG. The present study sought to generate Flg-/- mice and applied CPT to produce AD-like dermatitis for in vivo analysis of the FLG functions. CPT was applied on the skin of Flg-/- mice to establish the AD-like dermatitis mouse model. The lesion inflammation was evaluated by gross ear thickness, histopathology, immunofluorescence, and cytokine production. Also, mucopolysaccharide polysulfate (MPS) and ceramide were used to observe the therapeutic function in this model. The results showed that the inflammation of CPT-induced dermatitis in Flg-/- mice was more severer than that of wild-type (WT) mice, as evident by the increased level of gross appearance, ear thickness, inflammatory cell infiltration (mast cells and CD3+ T cells), and inflammatory cytokine expression (interleukin (IL)-4, IL-6, IL-13, and thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP)). The emollients MPS and ceramide partially restored the epidermal function and alleviated the skin inflammation in Flg-/- mice with CPT-induced AD-like dermatitis. The current study demonstrated that skin barrier protein FLG is critical in the pathogenesis of AD. Also, the AD mouse model induced by CPT in Flg-/- mice could be utilized to search for drug targets in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunying Xiao
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Zhongbin Sun
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Jixin Gao
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Yaxing Bai
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Chen Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Bingyu Pang
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Hongjiang Qiao
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Meng Fu
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Erle Dang
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, P.R. China
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Obata-Ninomiya K, Domeier PP, Ziegler SF. Basophils and Eosinophils in Nematode Infections. Front Immunol 2020; 11:583824. [PMID: 33335529 PMCID: PMC7737499 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.583824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Helminths remain one of the most prolific pathogens in the world. Following infection helminths interact with various epithelial cell surfaces, including skin, lung, and gut. Recent works have shown that epithelial cells produce a series of cytokines such as TSLP, IL-33, and IL-25 that lead to the induction of innate and acquired type 2 immune responses, which we named Type 2 epithelial cytokines. Although basophils and eosinophils are relatively rare granulocytes under normal conditions (0.5% and 5% in peripheral blood, respectively), both are found with increased frequency in type 2 immunity, including allergy and helminth infections. Recent reports showed that basophils and eosinophils not only express effector functions in type 2 immune reactions, but also manipulate the response toward helminths. Furthermore, basophils and eosinophils play non-redundant roles in distinct responses against various nematodes, providing the potential to intervene at different stages of nematode infection. These findings would be helpful to establish vaccination or therapeutic drugs against nematode infections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Phillip P Domeier
- Immunology Program, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Steven F Ziegler
- Immunology Program, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States.,Department of Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, United States
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11
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Pellefigues C. IgE Autoreactivity in Atopic Dermatitis: Paving the Road for Autoimmune Diseases? Antibodies (Basel) 2020; 9:E47. [PMID: 32911788 PMCID: PMC7551081 DOI: 10.3390/antib9030047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common skin disease affecting 20% of the population beginning usually before one year of age. It is associated with the emergence of allergen-specific IgE, but also with autoreactive IgE, whose function remain elusive. This review discusses current knowledge relevant to the mechanisms, which leads to the secretion of autoreactive IgE and to the potential function of these antibodies in AD. Multiple autoantigens have been described to elicit an IgE-dependent response in this context. This IgE autoimmunity starts in infancy and is associated with disease severity. Furthermore, the overall prevalence of autoreactive IgE to multiple auto-antigens is high in AD patients. IgE-antigen complexes can promote a facilitated antigen presentation, a skewing of the adaptive response toward type 2 immunity, and a chronic skin barrier dysfunction and inflammation in patients or AD models. In AD, skin barrier defects and the atopic immune environment facilitate allergen sensitization and the development of other IgE-mediated allergic diseases in a process called the atopic march. AD is also associated epidemiologically with several autoimmune diseases showing autoreactive IgE secretion. Thus, a potential outcome of IgE autoreactivity in AD could be the development of further autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Pellefigues
- INSERM UMRS1149-CNRS ERL8252, Team «Basophils and Mast cells in Immunopathology», Centre de recherche sur l'inflammation (CRI), Inflamex, DHU Fire, Université de Paris, 75018 Paris, France
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12
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Kabata H, Flamar AL, Mahlakõiv T, Moriyama S, Rodewald HR, Ziegler SF, Artis D. Targeted deletion of the TSLP receptor reveals cellular mechanisms that promote type 2 airway inflammation. Mucosal Immunol 2020; 13:626-636. [PMID: 32066836 PMCID: PMC7311324 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-020-0266-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) is a critical upstream cytokine inducing type 2 inflammation in various diseases, including asthma and atopic dermatitis. Accumulating evidence suggests that TSLP can directly stimulate a variety of immune cells, such as dendritic cells (DCs), basophils, T cells, and group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s). However, which cell types directly respond to TSLP in vivo and how TSLP initiates type 2 inflammation has remained controversial. To define the precise role of TSLP in vivo, for the first time we generated multiple cell lineage-specific TSLP receptor-deficient mice to systematically dissect the cell-intrinsic requirements for TSLP responsiveness in type 2 inflammation in the lung. In papain-induced innate immune-mediated type 2 airway inflammation, TSLP directly stimulated ILC2s, but not basophils, leading to enhanced type 2 inflammation. On the other hand, in OVA-induced adaptive immune-mediated type 2 airway inflammation, TSLP principally acted on DCs and CD4 + T cells during the sensitization phase, but not basophils or ILC2s, and facilitated the development of Th2 cell-mediated airway inflammation. Together, these findings reveal that TSLP activates distinct immune cell cascades in the context of innate and adaptive immune-mediated type 2 inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Kabata
- 000000041936877Xgrid.5386.8Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Friedman Center for Nutrition and Inflammation, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10021 USA ,0000 0004 1936 9959grid.26091.3cPresent Address: Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 160-8582 Japan
| | - Anne-Laure Flamar
- 000000041936877Xgrid.5386.8Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Friedman Center for Nutrition and Inflammation, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10021 USA
| | - Tanel Mahlakõiv
- 000000041936877Xgrid.5386.8Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Friedman Center for Nutrition and Inflammation, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10021 USA
| | - Saya Moriyama
- 000000041936877Xgrid.5386.8Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Friedman Center for Nutrition and Inflammation, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10021 USA ,0000 0001 2220 1880grid.410795.ePresent Address: Department of Immunology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 162-8640 Japan
| | - Hans-Reimer Rodewald
- 0000 0004 0492 0584grid.7497.dDivision of Cellular Immunology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, 69120 Germany
| | - Steven F. Ziegler
- 0000 0000 9949 9403grid.263306.2Benaroya Research Institute, Immunology Research Program, Seattle, Washington, 98101 USA
| | - David Artis
- 000000041936877Xgrid.5386.8Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Friedman Center for Nutrition and Inflammation, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10021 USA
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Schwartz C, Moran T, Saunders SP, Kaszlikowska A, Floudas A, Bom J, Nunez G, Iwakura Y, O’Neill L, Irvine AD, McKenzie ANJ, Ogg G, Walsh PT, Demengeot J, Fallon PG. Spontaneous atopic dermatitis in mice with a defective skin barrier is independent of ILC2 and mediated by IL-1β. Allergy 2019; 74:1920-1933. [PMID: 30937919 PMCID: PMC6850072 DOI: 10.1111/all.13801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atopic dermatitis (AD) is one of the most common skin diseases with a multifactorial etiology. Mutations leading to loss of skin barrier function are associated with the development of AD with group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2) promoting acute skin inflammation. Filaggrin-mutant (Flgft/ft ) mice develop spontaneous skin inflammation accompanied by an increase in skin ILC2 numbers, IL-1β production, and other cytokines recapitulating human AD. Here, we investigated the role of ILC2, effector cytokines, inflammasome activation, and mast cell function on the development of chronic AD-like inflammation in mice. METHODS Mice with a frameshift mutation in the filaggrin gene develop spontaneous dermatitis. Flgft/ft mice were crossed to cell- or cytokine-deficient mouse strains, or bred under germ-free conditions. Skin inflammation was scored, and microbiome composition was analyzed. Skin protein expression was measured by multiplex immunoassay. Infiltrating cells were analyzed by flow cytometry. RESULTS Wild-type and Flgft/ft mice significantly differ in their microbiome composition. Furthermore, mutant mice do not develop skin inflammation under germ-free conditions. ILC2 deficiency did not ameliorate chronic dermatitis in Flgft/ft mice, which was also independent of IL-4, IL-5, IL-9, IL-13, IL-17A, and IL-22. Inflammation was independent of NLRP3 inflammasome activation but required IL-1β and IL-1R1-signaling. Mechanistically, IL-1β promoted hyperactivation of IL-1R1-expressing mast cells. Treatment with anti-IL-1β-antibody alleviated dermatitis exacerbation, while antibiotic intervention ameliorated dermatitis in neonatal mice but not in adults with established inflammation. CONCLUSIONS In summary, we identified a critical role for the microbiome and IL-1β mediating chronic inflammation in mice with an impaired skin barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Schwartz
- School of MedicineTrinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College DublinDublinIreland
- Mikrobiologisches Institut ‐ Klinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und HygieneUniversitätsklinikum Erlangen and Friedrich‐Alexander Universität (FAU) Erlangen‐NürnbergErlangenGermany
| | - Tara Moran
- School of MedicineTrinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College DublinDublinIreland
- National Children’s Research Centre, Our Lady’s Children’s HospitalDublinIreland
| | - Sean P. Saunders
- School of MedicineTrinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College DublinDublinIreland
- National Children’s Research Centre, Our Lady’s Children’s HospitalDublinIreland
| | - Agnieszka Kaszlikowska
- School of MedicineTrinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College DublinDublinIreland
- National Children’s Research Centre, Our Lady’s Children’s HospitalDublinIreland
| | - Achilleas Floudas
- School of MedicineTrinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College DublinDublinIreland
- National Children’s Research Centre, Our Lady’s Children’s HospitalDublinIreland
| | - Joana Bom
- Instituto Gulbenkian de CiênciaOeirasPortugal
| | - Gabriel Nunez
- Department of Pathology and Comprehensive Cancer CenterUniversity of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn ArborMichigan
| | - Yoichiro Iwakura
- Research Institute for Biomedical SciencesTokyo University of ScienceChibaJapan
| | - Luke O’Neill
- School of Biochemistry and ImmunologyTrinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College DublinDublinIreland
| | - Alan D. Irvine
- National Children’s Research Centre, Our Lady’s Children’s HospitalDublinIreland
- Department of Paediatric DermatologyOur Lady’s Children’s HospitalDublinIreland
| | | | - Graham Ogg
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular MedicineJohn Radcliffe HospitalUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Patrick T. Walsh
- National Children’s Research Centre, Our Lady’s Children’s HospitalDublinIreland
- Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St James’s Hospital, Trinity College DublinDublinIreland
| | | | - Padraic G. Fallon
- School of MedicineTrinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College DublinDublinIreland
- National Children’s Research Centre, Our Lady’s Children’s HospitalDublinIreland
- Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St James’s Hospital, Trinity College DublinDublinIreland
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14
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Pellefigues C, Mehta P, Prout MS, Naidoo K, Yumnam B, Chandler J, Chappell S, Filbey K, Camberis M, Le Gros G. The Basoph8 Mice Enable an Unbiased Detection and a Conditional Depletion of Basophils. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2143. [PMID: 31552058 PMCID: PMC6746837 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Basophils are granulocytes involved in parasite immunity and allergic diseases, known for their potent secretion of type 2 cytokines. Identifying their functions has proven to be controversial due to their relative rarity and their complex lineage phenotype. Here, we show that the expression of basophils lineage markers CD200R3 and FcεRIα is highly variable in inflammatory settings and hinders basophils identification by flow cytometry across multiple disease states or tissues. Fluorophore-conjugated antibody staining of these lineage markers strongly activates basophil type 2 cytokine expression, and represents a potential bias for coculture or in vivo transfer experiments. The Basoph8 is a mouse model where basophils specifically express a strong fluorescent reporter and the Cre recombinase. Basophils can be identified and FACS sorted unambiguously by their expression of the enhanced yellow fluorescent protein (eYFP) in these mice. We show that the expression of the eYFP is robust in vivo during inflammation, and in vitro on living basophils for at least 72 h, including during the induction of anaphylactoid degranulation. We bred and characterized the Basoph8xiDTR mice, in which basophils specifically express eYFP and the simian diphtheria toxin receptor (DTR). This model enables basophils conditional depletion relatively specifically ex vivo and in vivo during allergic inflammation and their detection as eYFP+ cells. In conclusion, we report underappreciated benefits of the commercially available Basoph8 mice to study basophils function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Pellefigues
- The Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Victoria University, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Palak Mehta
- The Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Victoria University, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Melanie Sarah Prout
- The Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Victoria University, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Karmella Naidoo
- The Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Victoria University, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Bibek Yumnam
- The Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Victoria University, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Jodie Chandler
- The Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Victoria University, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Sally Chappell
- The Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Victoria University, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Kara Filbey
- The Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Victoria University, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Mali Camberis
- The Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Victoria University, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Graham Le Gros
- The Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Victoria University, Wellington, New Zealand
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15
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Eosinophils Mediate Basophil-Dependent Allergic Skin Inflammation in Mice. J Invest Dermatol 2019; 139:1957-1965.e2. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2019.03.1129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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16
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Rignault-Bricard R, Machavoine F, Mecheri S, Hermine O, Schneider E, Dy M, Leite-de-Moraes M. IL-3-producing basophils are required to exacerbate airway hyperresponsiveness in a murine inflammatory model. Allergy 2018; 73:2342-2351. [PMID: 29777594 DOI: 10.1111/all.13480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Basophils are commonly associated with allergic responses because of their ability to produce large amounts of pro-Th2 cytokines and histamine. However, the mechanisms through which bone marrow-resident basophils (BMRB) become fully competent cytokine and histamine producers in response to IgE crosslinking are poorly understood. Here, we sought to determine the role of IL-3 in promoting pro-Th2 basophils. METHODS BMRB and basophils exposed to IL-3 in vitro and in vivo were evaluated for their production of Th2 cytokines and histamine in response to FcεRI crosslinking on both protein and gene expression levels. In vivo relevance of our findings was assessed in a model of ovalbumin-induced allergic asthma using IL-3-deficient and wild-type mice in a protocol of adoptive basophil transfer. RESULTS We show that BMRB and basophils previously exposed to IL-3 differ in their ability to generate cytokines (IL-4, IL-6, IL-13, and GM-CSF) and histamine in response to FcεRI crosslinking, reflecting two stages of maturation. Exposure to IL-3 initiated an autocrine loop of endogenous IL-3 production that enhanced histamine and cytokine production upon FcεRI crosslinking. This increased responsiveness required calcium flux and was dependent on calcineurin and store-operated calcium channels. Our findings are of pathophysiological relevance, as assessed by the failure of IL-3-deficient mice to develop airway hyperreactivity, which could be restored by adoptive transfer of IL-3-derived basophils recovered from wild-type mice. CONCLUSION IL-3-dependent basophils promote Th2 allergic AHR, which designates the IL-3/basophil axis as a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of basophil-dependent asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Rignault-Bricard
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Immunopathology; Institut Necker-Enfants Malades; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 8253; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm) UMR 1151; Université Paris Descartes Sorbonne Paris Cité; Paris France
- Institut Imagine Inserm UMR1163; CNRS Equipe de Recherche Labelisée (ERL) 8654; Université Paris Descartes Paris; Paris France
| | - F. Machavoine
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Immunopathology; Institut Necker-Enfants Malades; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 8253; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm) UMR 1151; Université Paris Descartes Sorbonne Paris Cité; Paris France
| | - S. Mecheri
- Institut Pasteur; Unité de Biologie des Interactions Hôte Parasites; CNRS ERL9195, Inserm UMR1201; Paris France
| | - O. Hermine
- Institut Imagine Inserm UMR1163; CNRS Equipe de Recherche Labelisée (ERL) 8654; Université Paris Descartes Paris; Paris France
- Department of Hematology; Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades; Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris; Université Paris Descartes Paris; Paris France
| | - E. Schneider
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Immunopathology; Institut Necker-Enfants Malades; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 8253; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm) UMR 1151; Université Paris Descartes Sorbonne Paris Cité; Paris France
| | - M. Dy
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Immunopathology; Institut Necker-Enfants Malades; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 8253; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm) UMR 1151; Université Paris Descartes Sorbonne Paris Cité; Paris France
| | - M. Leite-de-Moraes
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Immunopathology; Institut Necker-Enfants Malades; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 8253; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm) UMR 1151; Université Paris Descartes Sorbonne Paris Cité; Paris France
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Varricchi G, Pecoraro A, Marone G, Criscuolo G, Spadaro G, Genovese A, Marone G. Thymic Stromal Lymphopoietin Isoforms, Inflammatory Disorders, and Cancer. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1595. [PMID: 30057581 PMCID: PMC6053489 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) is a pleiotropic cytokine originally isolated from a murine thymic stromal cell line. TSLP exerts its biological effects by binding to a high-affinity heteromeric complex composed of thymic stromal lymphopoietin receptor chain and IL-7Rα. TSLP is primarily expressed by activated lung and intestinal epithelial cells, keratinocytes, and fibroblasts. However, dendritic cells (DCs), mast cells, and presumably other immune cells can also produce TSLP. Different groups of investigators have demonstrated the existence of two variants for TSLP in human tissues: the main isoform expressed in steady state is the short form (sf TSLP), which plays a homeostatic role, whereas the long form (lfTSLP) is upregulated in inflammatory conditions. In addition, there is evidence that in pathological conditions, TSLP can be cleaved by several endogenous proteases. Several cellular targets for TSLP have been identified, including immune (DCs, ILC2, T and B cells, NKT and Treg cells, eosinophils, neutrophils, basophils, monocytes, mast cells, and macrophages) and non-immune cells (platelets and sensory neurons). TSLP has been originally implicated in a variety of allergic diseases (e.g., atopic dermatitis, bronchial asthma, eosinophilic esophagitis). Emerging evidence indicates that TSLP is also involved in chronic inflammatory (i.e., chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and celiac disease) and autoimmune (e.g., psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis) disorders and several cancers. These emerging observations greatly widen the role of TSLP in different human diseases. Most of these studies have not used tools to analyze the expression of the two TSLP isoforms. The broad pathophysiologic profile of TSLP has motivated therapeutic targeting of this cytokine. Tezepelumab is a first-in-class human monoclonal antibody (1) that binds to TSLP inhibiting its interaction with TSLP receptor complex. Tezepelumab given as an add-on-therapy to patients with severe uncontrolled asthma has shown safety and efficacy. Several clinical trials are evaluating the safety and the efficacy of tezepelumab in different inflammatory disorders. Monoclonal antibodies used to neutralize TSLP should not interact or hamper the homeostatic effects of sf TSLP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilda Varricchi
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences and Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- WAO Center of Excellence, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Pecoraro
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences and Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- WAO Center of Excellence, Naples, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Marone
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Monaldi Hospital Pharmacy, Naples, Italy
| | - Gjada Criscuolo
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences and Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- WAO Center of Excellence, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Spadaro
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences and Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- WAO Center of Excellence, Naples, Italy
| | - Arturo Genovese
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences and Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- WAO Center of Excellence, Naples, Italy
| | - Gianni Marone
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences and Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- WAO Center of Excellence, Naples, Italy
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology “Gaetano Salvatore”, National Research Council (CNR), Naples, Italy
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Rothenberg ME, Saito H, Peebles RS. Advances in mechanisms of allergic disease in 2016. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2017; 140:1622-1631. [PMID: 29038009 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2017.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Revised: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
This review highlights advances in mechanisms of allergic disease, particularly type 2 innate lymphoid cells; TH2 lymphocytes; eicosanoid regulation of inflammation; extracellular vesicles in allergic responses; IL-33; microbiome properties, especially as they relate to mucosal barrier function; and a series of findings concerning the allergic inflammatory cells eosinophils, basophils, and mast cells. During the last year, mechanistic advances occurred in understanding type 2 innate lymphoid cells, particularly related to their response to ozone, involvement with experimental food allergy responses, and regulation by IL-33. Novel ways of regulating TH2 cells through epigenetic regulation of GATA-3 through sirtuin-1, a class III histone deacetylase, were published. The understanding of eicosanoid regulation of inflammation increased and focused on additional properties of phospholipase A2 and the role of prostaglandin D2 and its receptors and inhibitory prostaglandin E2 pathways. Mechanisms through which extracellular vesicles are released and contribute to allergic responses were reported. There was a deeper appreciation of mucosal barrier function, the epithelial alarmin IL-33, and the microbiome. Finally, there were advances concerning allergic inflammatory cells (mast cells, basophils, and eosinophils) that will undoubtedly have an effect on disease understanding and new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc E Rothenberg
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio.
| | - Hirohisa Saito
- National Research Institute for Child Health & Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - R Stokes Peebles
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tenn
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Abstract
Basophils are mainly known as pro-inflammatory effector cells associated with allergy and helminth infections. Although they were identified over 130 years ago, their in vivo functions are still poorly understood. New insights into basophil development and function have been gained by the development of various transgenic mouse lines and staining techniques to detect and purify these cells from different organs. Several studies over the past few years have identified unexpected functions for basophils, including immunomodulatory properties and interactions with other immune cells. Here, I summarize and discuss the main findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Voehringer
- Department of Infection Biology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
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Simpson MR, Rø ADB, Grimstad Ø, Johnsen R, Storrø O, Øien T. Atopic dermatitis prevention in children following maternal probiotic supplementation does not appear to be mediated by breast milk TSLP or TGF-β. Clin Transl Allergy 2016; 6:27. [PMID: 27453775 PMCID: PMC4957279 DOI: 10.1186/s13601-016-0119-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The Probiotics in Prevention of Allergy among Children in Trondheim (ProPACT) study, a randomised, placebo controlled trial, demonstrated that maternal supplementation with probiotic milk reduced the incidence of atopic dermatitis (AD) in infancy. The mechanisms behind this effect are incompletely understood and breast milk cytokines have been postulated as possible mediating factors. In this study we aimed to assess whether breast milk TLSP and TGF-β are affected by a maternal probiotic supplementation regime, and their contribution to the preventive effect of this regime on AD in the offspring. Methods TSLP and TGF-β isoforms (TGF-β1, TGF-β2 and TGF-β3) were measured using ELISA and multiplex assays, respectively, in breast milk samples collected at 10 days and 3 months postpartum from women participating in the ProPACT trial (n = 259). The natural indirect and direct effects of maternal probiotics on AD, due to changes in breast milk cytokines, were estimated using causal mediation techniques. Results Probiotic supplementation tend to lead to high levels of breast milk TSLP at 10 days postpartum (p = 0.062), but this change did not contribute to the prevention of AD according to the mediation analysis. Probiotics had no apparent effect on TSLP at 3 months or TGF-βs at either time points. Thus, these are unlikely to be mediators of the effect of maternal probiotics on AD in offspring. Conclusions Whilst maternal probiotic supplementation resulted in higher breast milk concentrations of TLSP at 10 days postpartum, this does not appear to be a mechanism for prevention of AD by maternal probiotics. Trial registration The original trial protocol is registered in ClinicalTrials.gov (identifier NCT00159523)
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Rae Simpson
- Department of Public Health and General Practice, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway ; Det medisinske fakultet, Instiutt for samfunnsmedisin, MTFS, NTNU, Postboks 8905, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Anne Dorthea Bjerkenes Rø
- Department of Public Health and General Practice, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway ; Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, St Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Øystein Grimstad
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsö, Norway
| | - Roar Johnsen
- Department of Public Health and General Practice, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ola Storrø
- Department of Public Health and General Practice, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Torbjørn Øien
- Department of Public Health and General Practice, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
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